As filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on April 29, 2024.
Registration No. 333-278744
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| 7389 | Not Applicable | |||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) | (IRS. Employer Identification Number) |
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
Copies to:
William S. Rosenstadt, Esq.
Mengyi “Jason” Ye, Esq.
Yarona Yieh, Esq.
Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP
366 Madison Avenue
3rd Floor
New York, NY 10017
Telephone: (212) 588 0022
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☐
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company that prepares its
financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended
transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of
the Securities Act.
| † | The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012. |
The Registrant hereby files this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell the securities until the registration statement filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting any offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale is not permitted.
| PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED APRIL 29, 2024 |
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD
Up to 10,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares
We are offering in a best efforts self-underwritten offering of up to 10,000,000 Class A Ordinary shares (“Class A” Shares), par value $0.000000385 per share of WEBUY GLOBAL LTD (“WBUY”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, “us”) directly to select investors pursuant to this prospectus and the accompanying prospectus at a fixed offering price of US$0.29 per Class A share for the duration of the offering, which represents a 6.75% discount from the last reported sale price of our Class A Share, as reported on the Nasdaq Capital Market on April 26, 2024.
Our share price is volatile. During the 6 months prior to April 26, 2024, our Class A Shares has traded at a low of $0.30 and a high of $14.30. From the beginning of 2024 through April 26, 2024, our Class A Shares have traded at a low of $0.30 and a high of $0.818. There has been no change recently in our financial condition or results of operations that is consistent with the recent change in our share price. Our Class A Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “WBUY”. On April 26, 2024, the last reported sales price of our Class A Shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market was $0.3110 per share.
We are authorized to issue 260,000,000,000 of shares, divided into 259,950,000,000 Class A Shares of par value $0.000000385 per share, and 50,000,000 Class B Ordinary Shares of par value $0.000000385 per share (the “Class B Shares”). As of the date of this prospectus, there are 30,986,200 Class A Shares and 21,395,400 Class B Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. Each Class A share is entitled to one (1) vote and each Class B share is entitled to ten (10) votes. Also, each Class B Share is convertible into a Class A Share at the option of the holder of the Class B Share but each Class A Share is not convertible into a Class B Share. A holder of the Class B Shares is not entitled to any dividend or distribution made by the Company, save for any distribution to shareholders in the event of the liquidation of the Company.
Because there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to closing this offering, we may sell fewer than all of the Class A Shares offered hereby, which may significantly reduce the amount of proceeds received by us, and investors in this offering will not receive a refund in the event that we do not sell an amount of Class A Shares sufficient to pursue the business goals outlined in this prospectus. Because there is no minimum offering amount, investors could be in a position where they have invested in our company, but we are unable to fulfill our objectives due to a lack of interest in this offering. Also, any proceeds from the sale of Class A shares offered by us will be available for our immediate use, despite uncertainty about whether we would be able to use such funds to effectively implement our business plan. See “Risk Factors” for more information. The proceeds from the sale of the Class A shares in this offering will be deposited in a separate non-interest bearing bank account (limited to funds received on our behalf) established by our escrow agent. We intend to complete one closing of this offering, but may undertake one or more closings on a rolling basis. Therefore, investor funds that are held in escrow will be released to us in our sole discretion at any time, and without regard to meeting any particular contingency. Any such funds that the escrow agent receives shall be held in escrow until the applicable closing of the offering, and then used to complete securities purchases, or returned if this offering fails to close. The offering will be terminated after 90 days of the effectiveness of this registration statement provided that the closing(s) of the offering for all of the Class A Shares have not occurred by such date, and may not be extended.
This is a self-underwritten offering. See “Plan of Distribution” beginning on Page 121 of this prospectus for more information.
Any proceeds from the sale of Class A Shares offered by us will be available for our immediate use, despite uncertainty about whether we would be able to use such funds to effectively implement our business plan. See “Use of Proceeds” on page 32 for more information.
Upon completion of this offering, our issued and outstanding shares will consist of 40,986,200 Class A Shares and 21,395,400 Class B Shares assuming all 10,000,000 Class A Shares are issued. We will be a controlled company as defined under Nasdaq Stock Market Rules because, immediately after the completion of this offering, Mr. Bin Xue, our controlling shareholder, will own none of our total issued and outstanding Class A Shares, and 79.41% of our total issued and outstanding Class B Shares, representing approximately 66.64% of the total voting power of our capital stock.
After this offering, Mr. Bin Xue will control shares representing more than 50% of the total voting power of our issued shares. As a result, this concentrated control may limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters for the foreseeable future, including the election of directors, amendments of our memorandum and articles of association, and any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or other major corporate transaction requiring shareholder approval. In addition, this may have anti-takeover effects and may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for our share capital that you may feel are in your best interest as one of our shareholders.
Further issuances of Class B Shares may be dilutive to holders of our Class A Shares. It could have the effect of increasing the overall voting power of Class B Shareholders relative to Class A Shareholders, diluting, and diminishing the influence and control of Class A Shareholders over our company’s affairs.
Investing in our Class A Shares involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any shares, you should carefully read the discussion of material risks of investing in our Class A Shares in “Risk Factors” beginning on page 10.
We are an “Emerging Growth Company” and a “Foreign Private Issuer” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and, as such, are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements. Please see Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company and Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer beginning on page 5 for more information.
We are a holding company that is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. As a holding company with no operations, we conduct all of our operations through our subsidiaries in Singapore and Indonesia. The Class A Shares offered in this offering are shares of the holding company that is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Investors of our Class A Shares should be aware that they may never directly hold equity interests in our subsidiaries.
Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
We will deliver the Class A Shares being issued to the investors electronically, upon closing and receipt of investor funds for the purchase of the Class A Shares offered pursuant to this prospectus. We expect the delivery of such securities against payment in U.S. dollars will be made, with respect to Class A Shares sold at the closing, in New York, New York on or about April [ — ], 2024.
Prospectus dated , 2024.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and the documents we incorporate by reference in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. We do not take any responsibility for, and cannot provide any assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are not making an offer to sell the securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale thereof is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus or incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate only as of the respective date of such information, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale or offer to sell hereunder. You should not assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since that date.
To the extent this prospectus contains summaries of the documents referred to herein, you are directed to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the actual documents. Copies of some of the documents referred to herein have been filed, will be filed, or will be incorporated by reference as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, and you may obtain copies of such documents as described below in the section titled “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
This prospectus is part of a registration statement we filed with the SEC. We have not authorized anyone to provide any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectuses prepared by us or on our behalf or to which we have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. This prospectus is an offer to sell only the shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted or where the person making the offer or sale is not qualified to do so or to any person to whom it is not permitted to make such offer or sale. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date on the front cover of the prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference are accurate as of any date other than their respective dates, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the Class A Shares. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.
Webuy’s reporting currency is the United States dollar. The functional currencies of New Retail and its subsidiaries are their local currencies (Singapore dollar and Indonesian Rupiah). New Retail engages in foreign currency denominated transactions with customers and suppliers, as well as between subsidiaries with different functional currencies. Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in non-functional currencies are recognized in earnings.
Unless otherwise noted, (i) all industry and market data in this prospectus is presented in U.S. dollars, (ii) all financial and other data related to our company in this prospectus is presented in U.S. dollars, (iii) all references to “$” or “USD” in this prospectus (other than in our financial statements) refer to U.S. dollars, (iv) all references to “S$” or “SGD” in this prospectus refer to Singapore dollars, and (v) all references to “IDR” refer to Indonesian Rupiah.
Our fiscal year end is December 31. References to a particular “fiscal year” are to our fiscal year ended December 31 of that calendar year. Our audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
We obtained the industry, market, and competitive position data in this prospectus from our own internal estimates, surveys, and research as well as from publicly available information, industry and general publications and research, surveys and studies conducted by third parties. We have commissioned the industry report from Frost and Sullivan Limited (“Frost & Sullivan”). Industry publications, research, surveys, studies, and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus, and to risks due to a variety of factors, including those described under “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these forecasts and other forward-looking information.
This prospectus contains additional trademarks, service marks and trade names of others. All trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are, to our knowledge, the property of their respective owners. We do not intend our use or display of other companies’ trademarks, service marks or trade names to imply a relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any other person.
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MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA
Certain market data and forecasts used throughout this prospectus were obtained from internal company surveys, market research, consultant surveys, reports of governmental and international agencies and industry publications and surveys. Industry publications and third-party research, surveys and reports generally indicate that their information has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. Our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary highlights, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. You should carefully read the entire document, including our historical and pro forma financial statements and related notes, to understand our business, the Class A Shares, and the other considerations that are important to your decision to invest in the Class A Shares.
You should pay special attention to the “Risk Factors” section. Our actual results and future events may differ significantly based upon several factors. The reader should not put undue reliance on the forward-looking statements in this document, which speak only as of the date on the cover of this prospectus.
Prospectus Conventions
Except where the context otherwise requires and for purposes of this prospectus only, references to:
| ● | “BBPL” are to Bear Bear Pte Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of New Retail; |
| ● | “New Retail” are to New Retail International Pte Ltd.; |
| ● | “PTBK” are to PT Buah Kita Retail, a 100% owned subsidiary of PTWB; |
| ● | “PTWB” are to PT Webuy Social Indonesia a 95% owned subsidiary of New Retail; |
| ● | “PTWT” are to PT Webuy Travel Indonesia, a 70% owned subsidiary of PTWB; |
| ● | “Subsidiaries” are to The Shopaholic Bear Pte Ltd., Bear Bear Pte Ltd., and PT Webuy Social Indonesia; |
| ● | “TSB” are to The Shopaholic Bear Pte Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of New Retail; |
| ● | “WAPL” are to Webuy Advisory Pte Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of New Retail; |
| ● | “WTPL” are to Webuy Travel Pte. Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of New Retail. |
| ● | “We”, “us”, “our”, the “Company”, and “our company” are to WeBuy and its subsidiaries; and |
| ● | “WeBuy” are to WEBUY GLOBAL LTD, an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. |
This prospectus contains translations of the foreign currency amounts into US dollar amounts at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. All reference to “US dollars”, “USD”, “US$” or “$” are to United States dollars. The relevant exchange rates for our major businesses are listed below:
| December 31, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Period Ended USD:Singapore Dollar (“SGD”) exchange rate | 1.3207 | 1.3402 | 1.3523 | |||||||||
| Period Average USD:SGD exchange rate | 1.3426 | 1.3789 | 1.3439 | |||||||||
| Period Ended USD:Indonesian Rupiah (“IDR”) exchange rate | 15,389.35 | 15,604.03 | 14,253.00 | |||||||||
| Period Average USD:IDR exchange rate | 15,233.65 | 14,847.64 | 14,336.35 | |||||||||
| Period Ended USD:Malaysian Ringgit (“MYR”) exchange rate | — | 4.4014 | 4.17311 | |||||||||
| Period Average USD:MYR exchange rate | — | 4.3985 | 4.14420 | |||||||||
Overview
We are an emerging Southeast Asian (“SEA”) community-oriented e-commerce retailor (“Community e-Commerce Retailor”) with a focus on grocery and travel. Electronic commerce (“e-commerce”) refers to a commercial transaction that involves the sale and purchase of products or services over the Internet. It involves the entire scope of online transactions from the sellers to buyers, including supply chain management, electronic funds transfer, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange, inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems, and others. Community e-commerce is a form of e-commerce, where social media users with mutual interest and like-minded online behavior are connected, forming a community group within a network through online medium such as social media platforms and communication software including but not limited to Facebook, Instagram, WeChat, WhatsApp, Line, Tiktok or Youtube. It leverages personal interaction and word-of-mouth marketing to create personalized and targeted valuable insights to reach targeted audiences and potential customers. Such networks are generally formed according to the similarity of the members of a group including (i) location proximity amongst social media users in a group; and (ii) online shopping preference and behavior. Besides, a community leader is usually deployed in the community group undertaking responsibilities such as group management, event management and customer services.
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Expanding on our recent progress, we officially introduced our Online-to-Offline (O2O) business model in October 2023, utilizing an advanced franchise system. This model represents a significant advancement in retail by integrating our digital capabilities that foster physical interactions and strong customer relationships, and offering distinctive value propositions. The O2O strategy goes beyond an expansion; it elevates the consumers’ e-commerce journey by weaving together our online community strength with offline experiences, as we continue to promote and implement our vision, which vision revolves around a consumer-centric retail environment anchored in trust, engagement, and exceptional service delivery.
We have achieved significant sales and growth since our inception. Despite an increase in revenue due to our growth in business activities, we incurred a net loss of $5,162,454 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and $6,701,203 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily due to a decrease in our operating expenses, which partially offset the gains from increased revenue. Moving forward, we are committed to managing our expenses effectively and continuing to grow our business in a sustainable and profitable manner. As discussed further in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Liquidity and Capital Resources,” our auditors have issued an opinion that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain further funds required for our continued operations or that additional financing will be available for use when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms. If we are not able to obtain the additional financing on a timely basis, we will not be able to meet our other obligations as they become due and we will be forced to scale down or perhaps even cease our operations.
Our mission is to make social shopping a new lifestyle for consumers and to empower consumers’ purchases with an efficient cost-saving purchasing model. We are committed to developing a community-oriented e-commerce community platform in the Southeast Asia region and transforming the e-commerce model into a community-driven experience for consumers.
We believe that our ‘group buy’ business model has transformed conventional shopping avenues, as we are able to achieve attractive efficient cost-savings for our customers to enjoy (which are cost savings similar to that enjoyed as a group purchase and bulk order), without having to undertake bulk purchases individually, through a community-centric approach. We believe that this model allows us to offer competitive prices for our customers, which enables us to be a more attractive shopping platform as compared to our competitors. Our business model has also disrupted the traditional supply chain by cutting out intermediaries to provide a “farm-to-table” supply model. This brings about cost savings to both last-mile suppliers as well as end consumers.
We attribute the success of our community-based business model to our low customer acquisition costs (CAC) and high customer retention rates. We consciously build our services around the needs and trends of the local community so as to achieve low customer acquisition costs and high customer retention rates. This is done through our multi-pronged community-centric business model, where group leaders within each community (“Group Leaders”) would be responsible for a group of customers within a geographical location. Group Leaders, who are also our customers, are incentivized with commission rates paid by us, assist us in our customer acquisitions through offline roadshows where they are provided Webuy marketing tools, such as standees as well as free gifts for online and offline giveaways to engage and onboard new customers. Within their respective communities, Group Leaders are also responsible for consolidating orders towards a bulk purchase. We conduct our “group buy” purchases through both our Webuy mobile application, as well as through various social networking channels, such as WhatsApp, WeChat as well as our in-app chat. In each instance, a Group Leader will be assigned to each community group, based on the geographical location.
The core of our business centers around building a strong community network; our community-based platform enables Group Leaders and customers to engage in interactive shopping experience. By continuing to build a strong customer base and customer loyalty, we are able to transition into other product and service offerings such as travel packages, food delivery services and e-vouchers by leveraging the existing trust and familiarity with our brand.
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Initial Public Offering
On October 20, 2023, the Company completed its initial public offering. In this offering, the Company issued 3,800,000 ordinary shares at a price of US$4.00 per share. The Company received gross proceeds in the amount of US$15,200,000 before deducting any underwriting discounts and expenses. The ordinary shares began trading on October 19, 2023 on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the ticker symbol “WBUY.”
On November 3 and November 24, 2023, the representative exercised the Over-Allotment Option in full to purchase an additional 150,000 and 420,000 ordinary shares, respectively. The Company received gross proceeds of US$2,280,000 in the aggregate before deducting underwriting discounts and expenses.
Change of Board of Directors and Management
On December 14, 2023, Ms. Lixia Tu tendered her resignation as an independent director, the chairman of the Audit Committee, and a member of the Nominating Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Company, effective December 14, 2023. On February 1, 2024, at the recommendation of the Nominating Committee and the Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors approved and confirmed the appointment of Ms. Fangqin Lin as the succeeding independent director, the chairwoman of the Audit Committee and a member of the Nominating Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Company, effective February 1, 2024.
Extraordinary General Meeting
On March 8, 2024, the Company held an extraordinary general meeting (the “EGM”) of shareholders of the Company and effected amendments to its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, under which the authorized share capital of the Company, which was US$100,100 divided into 260,000,000,000 ordinary shares, of a par value of US$0.000000385 each, was redesignated into (a) 259,950,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and (b) 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, among which the 21,395,400 authorized and issued and outstanding ordinary shares held by BIN XUE, GBUY GLOBAL LTD, and WEBUY TALENT LTD were re-designated and re-classified as 21,395,400 class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.000000385 each.
Corporate Structure
Below is a chart illustrating our current corporate structure:
On August 29, 2022, and in connection with the share swap agreement entered into between New Retail and its shareholders (“NRI Share Swap Agreement”), the Company acquired 100% of the issued shares of New Retail (being 16,644 shares comprising (a) 8,202 ordinary shares denominated in SGD, (b) 3,440 preference shares denominated in SGD, and (c) 5,002 preference shares denominated in USD in exchange for the allotment and issuance of 16,644 ordinary shares of the Company (“Share Swap”). Following the Share Swap, New Retail became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the former shareholders, holders of warrants, convertible notes, and simple agreements for future equity (“SAFE”) of New Retail immediately prior to the Share Swap hold 100% of the equity interests of the Company prior to the Company’s initial public offering. As a result of the share forward split, the effective number of ordinary shares of Webuy became 43,274,400.
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Our Business Model
Our social e-commerce community is built upon a “group buy” model, which fosters great customer engagement. On this platform, our customers are able to be part of a group purchase and enjoy lower prices, or purchase products and services individually. This also allows them to share purchase interests with their social network, strengthen existing connections and meet new acquaintances, and gain meaningful experience and additional shopping perks in the form of e-vouchers and sales commissions.
Our “group buy” model embraces a human element manifested in the Group Leader role offered to customers. Webuy and its network of suppliers work closely with its community of Group Leaders, forging a mutually dependent relationship to serve its customers. In helping to arrange for group purchases and delivery pick-up at a single location, these Group Leaders are significant in reducing Webuy’s user acquisition and logistics costs. These Group Leaders are well-equipped to carry out their delegated responsibility, being supported with technology tools, consistent training, marketing materials, and delivery services. Group Leaders’ houses could also serve as a pickup location for their local customers and reduce the delivery cost. An illustration of this model is below:
Competitive Strengths
We are committed to offering our customers product diversity, quality, and reliability. We believe we have several competitive strengths that will enable us to maintain and increase our market position in the industry. Our competitive strengths include:
| ● | We have a strong supply chain capability that allows us to build up our community by offering a more competitive value proposition than products offered through traditional supply chains. |
| ● | We have a strong community network, the brand loyalty and positioning that provide us with a strong customer base when we venture into new product offerings and business segments. |
| ● | We provide a competitive and comprehensive selection of product and service categories on our platform, including fresh produce, lifestyle daily essential items (including fast-moving consumer goods (“FMCG”)), e-vouchers and miscellaneous daily needs products. |
| ● | Our executives and directors combine decades of on-the-ground local e-commerce operations and social media marketing experience, as well as professional expertise in the global finance field. |
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Our Growth Strategy
| ● | We will utilize strong supply chain capability to build a strong community network. |
| ● | We will continue to leverage on our scalable business model to expand our business to neighboring countries such as Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. |
Implication of Being a Foreign Private Issuer
We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:
| ● | we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company; |
| ● | for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies; |
| ● | we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation; |
| ● | we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information; |
| ● | we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and |
| ● | we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction. |
Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company
As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenues during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An “emerging growth company” may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable to larger public companies. In particular, as an emerging growth company, we:
| ● | may present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or “MD&A”; |
| ● | are not required to provide a detailed narrative disclosure discussing our compensation principles, objectives and elements and analyzing how those elements fit with our principles and objectives, which is commonly referred to as “compensation discussion and analysis”; |
| ● | are not required to obtain an attestation and report from our auditors on our management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; |
| ● | are not required to obtain a non-binding advisory vote from our shareholders on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements (commonly referred to as the “say-on-pay,” “say-on frequency” and “say-on-golden-parachute” votes); |
| ● | are exempt from certain executive compensation disclosure provisions requiring a pay-for-performance graph and chief executive officer pay ratio disclosure; |
| ● | are eligible to claim longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act; and |
| ● | will not be required to conduct an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting. |
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We intend to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under §107 of the JOBS Act.
Summaries of Risk Factors
Our business is subject to multiple risks and uncertainties, as more fully described in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. We urge you to read “Risk Factors” and this prospectus in full. Our principal risks may be summarized as follows:
Risks Related to Our Business and Industry
Risks and uncertainties related to our business and industry include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | Any harm to our brand or reputation may materially and adversely affect our business and result of operations. |
| ● | We operate in a competitive environment and may lose market share and customers if we fail to compete effectively. |
| ● | We may face challenges in expanding our product offerings. |
| ● | If we are unable to manage our growth or execute our strategies effectively, our business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects, and we may not be able to sustain our historical growth rates. |
| ● | We have a history of losses, operating losses and negative cash flow from operating activities, and we may continue to incur losses and operating losses, and experience negative cash flow from operating activities, in the future. |
| ● | Failure to safeguard private and confidential information of our customers and protect our network against security breaches could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations. |
| ● | We rely on commercial banks and third-party online payment service providers for payment processing on our platform. If these payment services are restricted or curtailed in any way or become unavailable to us or our buyers for any reason, our business may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | If we or our suppliers fail to obtain and maintain the licenses, permits or approvals required by the jurisdictions we operate, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted. |
| ● | As a result of being a public company, we are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting, and any failure to maintain the adequacy of these internal controls may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our Class A Shares. |
| ● | We are an “emerging growth company” within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced disclosure and governance requirements applicable to emerging growth companies which may cause our Class A Shares to be less attractive to investors. |
| ● | If we are unable to maintain a strong customer base that attracts new customers and repeat purchases from existing customers, or if we are unable to build and sustain an integrated ecosystem for the goods we carry, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. |
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| ● | If we fail to anticipate our customers’ needs and provide offerings to attract and retain customers, or fail to adapt our services or business model to changing needs of our customers or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | If our senior management is unable to work together effectively or efficiently, or if we lose their service, our business may be severely disrupted. |
| ● | We depend on talented, experienced and committed personnel to grow and operate our business, and if we are unable to recruit, train, motivate and retain qualified personnel or sufficient workforce while controlling our labor costs, our business may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | If we fail to recruit new Group Leaders or keep our existing Group Leaders motivated, our business may suffer. |
| ● | The proper functioning of our information technology platform is essential to our business. Any failure to maintain the satisfactory performance of our mobile application and systems could materially and adversely affect our business and reputation. |
| ● | Any deficiencies in the internet infrastructure of any particular country in which we operate or any disruption in our arrangements with third-party providers of communications and storage capacity could impair our ability to sell products over our mobile applications, which could cause us to lose customers and harm our operating results. |
| ● | If we fail to adopt new technologies or adapt our mobile application and systems to changing customer requirements or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected. |
| ● | Customer growth and activity on mobile devices depends upon effective use of mobile operating systems, networks and standards that we do not control. |
| ● | The wide variety of payment methods that we accept subjects us to third-party payment processing-related risks. |
| ● | We do not have, and may be unable to obtain, sufficient insurance to insure against certain business risks. As a result, we may be exposed to significant costs and business disruption. |
| ● | We may be the subject of anti-competitive, harassing, or other detrimental conduct by third parties including complaints to regulatory agencies, negative blog postings, negative comments on social media and the public dissemination of malicious assessments of our business that could harm our reputation and cause us to lose market share, customers and revenues and adversely affect the price of our Class A Shares. |
| ● | We may be (or become) classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could subject United States investors in our Class A Shares to significant adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences. |
| ● | We could face uncertain tax liabilities in various jurisdictions where it operates and suffer adverse financial consequences as a result. |
| ● | You may face difficulties protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited because a substantial portion of our assets are in Singapore and several of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States. |
| ● | We may need to raise capital in addition to this offering, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all, and which may cause dilution to holders of our Class A Shares, restrict our operations or adversely affect our ability to operate and continue our business. |
| ● | Our indebtedness could have important consequences to you. |
| ● | Global economic conditions could materially adversely impact demand for our products and services. |
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| ● | Our business could be materially harmed by the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. |
| ● | We may face risks related to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine and any other conflicts that may arise on a global or regional scale which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. |
Risks Relating to Our Securities
| ● | We are selling this offering without an underwriter and may be unable to sell any shares. |
| ● | We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future. |
| ● | The market price of our Class A Shares can be volatile and can fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for purchasers of our Class A Shares in this offering. |
| ● | Short selling may drive down the market price of our Class A Shares. |
| ● | Our management has broad discretion to determine how to use the funds raised in this offering and may use them in ways that may not enhance our results of operations or the price of our Class A Shares. |
| ● | If we cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer, we would be required to comply fully with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, and we would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer. |
| ● | Because we are a foreign private issuer and are exempt from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you will have less protection than you would have if we were a domestic issuer. |
| ● | Further issuances of Class B Shares may result in a dilution of the percentage ownership of the existing holders of Class A Shares as a total proportion of Ordinary Shares in the Company. |
| ● | Our controlling shareholder has substantial influence over the Company. Its interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders, and it could prevent or cause a change of control or other transactions. |
| ● | The laws of the Cayman Islands may not provide our shareholders with benefits comparable to those provided to shareholders of corporations incorporated in the United States. |
Risks Related to Countries Where We Operate
| ● | Developments in the social, political, regulatory and economic environment in the countries where we operate, may have a material and adverse impact on us. |
| ● | Disruptions in the international trading environment may seriously decrease our international sales. |
| ● | Natural events, wars, terrorist attacks and other acts of violence involving any of the countries in which we or our clients have operations could adversely affect our operations and client confidence. |
Corporate Information
Our principal executive office is located at 35 Tampines Street 92 Singapore 528880. The telephone number of our principal executive offices is +65 8859 9762. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc., located at 122 E 42nd St 18th Fl., New York, NY 10168. We maintain a website at www.webuysg.com. We do not incorporate the information on our website into this prospectus and you should not consider any information on, or that can be accessed through, our website. It is included solely as an inactive textual reference.
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THE OFFERING
| Issuer | WEBUY GLOBAL LTD | |
| Shares Offered by us | 10,000,000 Class A Shares at an assumed fixed offering price of US$0.29 per ordinary share during the duration of the offering, which represents a 6.75% discount from the last reported sale price of our Class A Shares on Nasdaq on April 26, 2024. | |
| Best Efforts | We are offering the Class A Shares on a best-efforts basis.
No minimum offering amount is required as a condition to closing this offering. We intend to complete one closing of this offering but may undertake one or more closings on a rolling basis. Investor funds that are held in escrow will be released to us in our sole discretion at any time, and without regard to meeting any particular contingency. The offering will be terminated after 90 days of the effectiveness of this registration statement, provided that the closing(s) of the offering for all of the Class A Shares have not occurred by such date, and may not be extended. | |
| Escrow Account and Deposit of Proceeds | The proceeds from the sale of the Ordinary Shares in this offering will be payable to “Webuy Global Ltd” and will be deposited in a separate non-interest bearing bank account (limited to funds received on our behalf). The purpose of the escrow account is for (i) the holding of amounts of subscription monies which are collected through the banking system and (ii) the disbursement of collected funds. We will appoint an escrow agent in due course.
No interest will be available for payment to either us or the investors (since the funds are being held in a non-interest bearing account). We intend to complete one closing of this offering, but may undertake one or more closings on a rolling basis. Therefore, investor funds that are held in escrow will be released to us in our sole discretion at any time, and without regard to meeting any particular contingency. Any such funds that the escrow agent receives shall be held in escrow until the applicable closing of the offering, and then used to complete securities purchases, or returned if this offering fails to close. In event that the offering is terminated, all subscription funds being held in the escrow account at the time of such termination will be returned to investors by noon of the next business day after the termination of the offering. Release of the funds to us is based upon the escrow agent (defined below) reviewing the records of the depository institution holding the escrow to verify that the funds received have cleared the banking system prior to releasing the funds to us. All purchase information and purchase funds through checks or wire transfers should be delivered to the escrow agent. Failure to do so will result in purchase funds being returned to the investor. | |
| Class A Shares issued and outstanding prior to completion of this offering | 30,986,200 Class A Shares | |
| Class A Shares issued and outstanding immediately after this offering |
| |
| Voting Rights: | Each Class A Ordinary share is entitled to one (1) vote.
Each Class B Ordinary share is entitled to ten (10) votes.
See the sections titled “Principal Shareholders” and “Description of Share Capital” for additional information. | |
| Listing: | Our Class A Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “WBUY.” | |
| Transfer Agent: | Transhare Corporation | |
| Risk Factors: | You should read the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus for a discussion of factors that you should consider carefully before deciding to invest in shares of our Class A Shares. | |
| Payment and Settlement | We expect that the delivery of the Class A Shares for the initial closing against payment therefor will occur on or about [--], 2024. | |
| Use of Proceeds: | We intend to use the net proceeds to us for the expansion of our advanced franchise system, marketing, and expansion of our business in Indonesia, as well as for working capital and general corporate purposes. |
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in our securities carries a significant degree of risk. You should carefully consider the following risks before you decide to purchase the shares. Any one of these risks and uncertainties has the potential to cause material adverse effects on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results which could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements expressed by us and a significant decrease in the value of our Class A Shares. Refer to “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements”.
We may not be successful in preventing the material adverse effects that any of the following risks and uncertainties may cause. These potential risks and uncertainties may not be a complete list of the risks and uncertainties facing us. There may be additional risks and uncertainties that we are presently unaware of, or presently consider immaterial, that may become material in the future and have a material adverse effect on us. You could lose all or a significant portion of your investment due to any of these risks and uncertainties.
Risks Related to our Business and Industry
Any harm to our brand or reputation may materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We believe that the recognition and reputation of our Webuy brand among our customers and suppliers have contributed significantly to the growth and success of our business. Maintaining and enhancing such brand recognition and reputation is critical to attracting new customers and suppliers to our platform, and to preserve and deepen the engagement with our existing customers and suppliers as well as to mitigate legislative or regulatory scrutiny, litigation, government investigations and adverse public sentiment. Negative publicity, whether or not justified, can spread rapidly through social media. To the extent that we are unable to respond timely and appropriately to negative publicity, our reputation and brand can be harmed. Many factors, including those beyond our control, are important to maintaining and enhancing our brand. These factors include our ability to:
| ● | provide a superior shopping experience to customers; |
| ● | maintain the authenticity, quality and diversity of our product offerings in sufficient quantities; |
| ● | maintain the efficiency, reliability and security of our fulfillment services and payment systems; |
| ● | maintain or improve buyer satisfaction with our after-sale services; |
| ● | enhance brand awareness through marketing and brand promotion activities; |
| ● | preserve our reputation and goodwill in the event of any negative publicity involving our product authenticity and quality, customer service, cybersecurity, data protection, authorization to sell products or other issues affecting it; and |
| ● | maintain positive relationships with our suppliers and other service providers. |
Any public perception (i) that counterfeit or infringing products are sold on our platform, (ii) that we, or our third-party service providers, do not provide satisfactory customer service or (iii) that we infringe upon any brand owners’ intellectual property rights could damage our reputation, diminish our brand value, undermine our credibility and adversely impact our business. If we are unable to maintain our reputation, enhance our brand recognition or increase positive awareness of our website, products and services, we may be difficult to maintain and grow our customer base, and our business and growth prospects may be materially and adversely affected.
We operate in a competitive environment and may lose market share and customers if we fail to compete effectively.
The e-commerce industry in the Asia Pacific region is competitive. We face significant competition from existing, well-established, and low-cost alternatives, and we expect to face competition from new market entrants in the future. In addition, within each of the markets where we offer our services, the cost to switch between service providers is low. Customers have a propensity to shift to the lowest-cost or highest-quality provider, and suppliers have a propensity to shift to the platform with the highest earnings potential. As we and our competitors introduce new products and services, and as existing services and products evolve, we expect to become subject to additional competition. In addition, our competitors may adopt features of our offerings, which would reduce our ability to differentiate our offerings from those of our competitors, or they may adopt innovations that suppliers and customers value more highly than ours, which would render our offerings less attractive. See “Our Business — Competition.” In addition, new technologies may increase or even transform the competitive landscape in the e-commerce industry. New competitive business models may appear, such as business models based on new forms of social media, and we may not adapt quickly enough, or at all, to changing industry trends.
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Increased competition may reduce our margins, market share and brand recognition, or result in significant losses. For example, when we set prices, we consider how competitors have set prices for the same or similar products. When they cut prices or offer additional incentives to compete with it, we may have to lower our own prices or offer comparable incentives or risk losing market share. When we have products that do not sell, we often reduce prices to clear inventory. In addition, credible suppliers are crucial in broadening our product listings, and we compete with other companies for these suppliers.
We also compete on the basis of non-price terms. For example, we offer free home deliveries for orders above a certain minimum value and aim to make deliveries available within one (1) business day (while providing customers with the option to place orders up to seven (7) days in advance). We plan to employ a variety of strategies to shorten delivery times, such as increased monitoring of our delivery service partners’ performance. If we are unable to maintain the reliability of, and continue to provide short delivery times, we may lose any competitive advantage.
Some of our current or future competitors may have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, better supplier relationships and sourcing expertise, including larger customer bases or greater financial, technical or marketing resources than we do. Those smaller companies or new entrants may be acquired by, receive investment from or enter into strategic relationships with well-established and well-financed companies or investors which would help enhance their competitive positions. As a result, such competitors may be able to respond more quickly and effectively than us to new or changing opportunities, technologies, consumer preferences, regulations, or standards, which may render our offerings less attractive. The markets in which we compete have attracted significant investments from a wide range of funding sources. Some of our competitors are subsidiaries or affiliates of large global companies which may subsidize their losses or provide them with additional resources to compete with us. As a result, many of our competitors are well capitalized and have the resources to offer discounted services, supplier incentives and customer promotions, as well as to develop innovative offerings and alternative pricing models which may be more attractive to customers than those that we offer.
Increased competition may reduce our profitability, market share, customer base, and brand recognition. We cannot assure you that we will be able to compete successfully against current or future competitors, and competitive pressures may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may face challenges in expanding our product offerings
We currently offer a wide range of products on our platform, including food and beverage, fresh produce, as well as lifestyle and other personal care items. Expansion into diverse new product categories and increasing our product offerings involve new risks and challenges. Our lack of familiarity with these products and lack of relevant buyer data relating to these products may make it more difficult for us to anticipate buyer demand and preferences and to inspect and control quality and ensure proper handling, storage and delivery by our merchants. Our suppliers may experience higher return rates on new products, receive more buyer complaints about such products and face costly product liability claims as a result of selling such products, which would harm our brand and reputation as well as our financial performance. We may also be involved in disputes with the suppliers in connection with these claims and complaints.
As we broaden our product offerings, we will need to work with a large number of new suppliers and partners efficiently and establish and maintain mutually beneficial relationships with our existing and new suppliers and partners. To support our growth and our expansion, we will need to devote management, operating, financial and human resources which may divert our attention from existing businesses, incur upfront costs, and implement a variety of new and upgraded management, operating, financial and human resource systems, procedures and controls. There is no assurance that we will be able to implement all of these systems, procedures and control measures successfully or address the various challenges in expanding our future businesses and operations effectively.
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If we are unable to manage our growth or execute our strategies effectively, our business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.
Our business has grown substantially since its inception in 2019. We continue to introduce new lines of business and plan to continue to grow our business. In addition, in the past few years, we have expanded into new markets and increased our product offerings. Expanding our business has entailed and will continue to entail significant risks as we work with new suppliers, expand into new markets and offer new products. As the business grows and our product offerings increase, we will need to continue to work with a large number of merchants and an even larger number of individual sellers efficiently and establish and maintain mutually beneficial relationships with them. We will also need to perform sufficient due diligence and other checks to prevent the sale of unsatisfactory or infringing goods on our platform. To support our growth, we also plan to implement a variety of new and upgraded managerial, operating, financial and human resource systems, procedures and controls. All of these efforts will require significant financial, managerial and human resources. In addition, our number of employees has increased since our inception, and may continue to increase in the future. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage our growth or to implement desired systems, procedures and controls successfully, particularly as the size of our organization grows, or that our system will perform as expected or that our new business initiatives will be successful. If we are not able to manage our growth or execute our strategies effectively, our growth may be interrupted and our business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.
Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our business and prospects, and we may not be able to sustain our historical growth rates.
We commenced our online business in 2019 and have a limited operating history. Since inception, we have experienced rapid growth in our business. Our revenue increased from US$44,560,418 in fiscal year 2022 to US$61,686,170 in fiscal year 2023. We have incurred operating losses every year since inception. Our business has undergone significant changes each year since its inception, including through acquisitions and the introduction of new products and services, and therefore our historical growth rate may not be indicative of future performance. We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve similar results or grow at a similar rate as we have in the past. Growth may slow, revenue may decline and losses may increase for a number of possible reasons, some of which are beyond our control, including decreased consumer spending, greater competition, declining growth of our overall market or industry in the Asia Pacific region, negative perceptions about product quality or authenticity, fulfilment bottlenecks, sourcing difficulties, emergence of alternative business models, changes in government policies, tax policies or general economic conditions. Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our prospects and the risks and challenges we may encounter, and we may not have sufficient experience in addressing the risks to which companies operating in rapidly evolving markets may be exposed. If our growth rate declines, investors’ perceptions of our business and business prospects may be adversely affected and the market price of our securities could decline. You should consider our prospects in light of the risks and uncertainties that fast-growing companies with a limited operating history may encounter.
We have a history of losses, operating losses and negative cash flow from operating activities, and we may continue to incur losses and operating losses, and experience negative cash flow from operating activities, in the future.
We have incurred significant losses and negative cash flow from operating activities since our inception. For the year ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we had a negative cash flow of $7,160,538, $4,117,551 and $3,994,972, respectively. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate profits, operating profits or positive cash flow from operating activities in the future or that we will be able to continue to obtain financing on acceptable terms or at all. Our ability to achieve profitability and positive cash flow from operating activities will depend on a mix of factors, some of which are beyond our control, including our ability to grow and retain our buyer and seller base, our ability to secure favorable commercial terms from suppliers, our ability to spot trends in the e-commerce industry, accurately perceive our customers’ demands, and manage our product mix accordingly and our ability to expand our new lines of business and offer value-added services with higher profit margins. In addition, we intend to continue to invest heavily in the foreseeable future in order to grow our business in the Asia Pacific e-commerce market. As a result, we believe that we may continue to incur losses for some time in the future.
The report of our independent registered public accounting firm that accompanies our audited consolidated financial statements also contains a going concern qualification in which such firm expressed substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Our consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might take place if we are unable to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to continue as a going concern, holders of our securities might lose their entire investment. Although we plan to attempt to raise additional capital through one or more private placements or public offerings, the doubts raised relating to our ability to continue as a going concern may make our shares an unattractive investment for potential investors. These factors, among others, may make it difficult to raise any additional capital and may cause us to be unable to continue to operate our business.
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Failure to safeguard private and confidential information of our customers and protect our network against security breaches could damage our reputation and brand and substantially harm our business and results of operations.
Our business generates and processes a large quantity of data. An important challenge to the e-commerce industry in general, is the safekeeping and secure transmission of private and confidential information over public networks. Through third-party cloud computing service providers such as Amazon Web Services, we maintain a large database of confidential and private information as a result of customers placing orders and inputting payment and contact information online, all through our mobile application. In addition, we accept a variety of payment methods such as major credit cards networks, bank transfers and third party payment service providers, and online payments are settled through third-party online payment services. We also share certain personal information about our customers with contracted delivery partners, such as their names, addresses, phone numbers and transaction records in order to facilitate pickups and deliveries. Maintaining complete security for the storage and transmission of confidential information in our system presents us with significant challenges.
We have adopted strict security policies and measures, including encryption technology, to protect our proprietary data and customer information. However, advances in technology and the sophistication of cyber-attackers, new discoveries in cryptography or other developments could result in a compromise or breach of the technology that we use to protect confidential information, which could lead to third parties illegally obtaining private and confidential information we hold as a result of our customers’ use of our mobile application, which could significantly affect consumer confidence in our platform and harm our business. We may not be able to prevent third parties, especially hackers or other individuals or entities engaging in similar activities, from illegally obtaining such confidential or private information we hold with respect to our customers on our platform. Such individuals or entities obtaining confidential or private information may further engage in various other illegal activities using such information.
In addition, we have limited control or influence over the security policies or measures adopted by third-party providers of online payment services through which our customers may elect to make or accept payments. Any negative publicity on our mobile application’s safety or privacy protection mechanisms and policies, and any claims asserted against us or fines imposed upon it as a result of actual or perceived failures, could have a material and adverse effect on our public image, reputation, financial condition and results of operations. Any compromise of our information security, or the information security measures of our contracted third-party couriers or third-party online payment service providers, could have a material and adverse effect on our reputation, business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations.
Practices regarding the collection, use, storage and transmission of personal information by companies operating over the internet and mobile platforms have recently come under increased public scrutiny in the various jurisdictions in which we and our subsidiaries operate. In addition to already existing stringent laws and regulations in such jurisdictions applicable to the solicitation, collection, processing, sharing or use of personal or consumer information, we may become subject to newly enacted laws and regulations that could affect how we store, process and share data with our customers, suppliers and third-party sellers. Compliance with any additional laws could be expensive, and may place restrictions on the conduct of our business and the manner in which we interact with our customers. Any failure to comply with applicable regulations could also result in regulatory enforcement actions against us.
Significant capital, managerial resources and other resources may be required to protect against information security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches or to comply with our privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations. The resources required may increase over time as the methods used by cyber-attackers and others engaged in online criminal activities are increasingly sophisticated and constantly evolving. Any failure or perceived failure by us to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, could cause our customers to lose trust in us and could expose us to legal claims.
Any perception by the public that e-commerce or the privacy of customer information is becoming increasingly unsafe or vulnerable to attacks could inhibit the growth of online luxury retail and other online services generally, which could have a material and adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
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We rely on commercial banks and third-party online payment service providers for payment processing on our platform. If these payment services are restricted or curtailed in any way or become unavailable to us or our buyers for any reason, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
All online payments for products sold on our platform are settled through third-party online payment service providers. Our business depends on the billing, payment and escrow systems of these payment service providers to maintain accurate records of payments of sales proceeds by buyers and collect such payments. If the quality, utility, convenience or attractiveness of these payment processing and escrow services declines, or we have to change the pattern of using these payment services for any reason, the attractiveness of our platform could be materially and adversely affected.
Businesses involving online payment services are subject to a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect third-party online payment service providers’ ability to provide payment processing and escrow services to us, including:
| ● | dissatisfaction with these online payment services or decreased use of their services by buyers and merchants; |
| ● | increasing competition, including from other established internet companies, payment service providers and companies engaged in other financial technology services; |
| ● | changes to rules or practices applicable to payment systems that link to third-party online payment service providers; |
| ● | breach of buyers’ personal information and concerns over the use and security of information collected from buyers; |
| ● | service outages, system failures or failures to effectively scale the system to handle large and growing transaction volumes; |
| ● | increasing costs to third-party online payment service providers, including fees charged by banks to process transactions through online payment channels, which would also increase our costs of revenues; and |
| ● | failure to manage funds accurately or loss of funds, whether due to employee fraud, security breaches, technical errors or otherwise. |
Certain commercial banks may impose limits on the amounts that may be transferred by automated payment from buyers’ bank accounts to their linked accounts with third-party online payment services. We cannot predict whether these and any additional restrictions that could be put in place would have a material adverse effect on our platform.
If we or our suppliers fail to obtain and maintain the licenses, permits or approvals required by the jurisdictions we operate, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted.
We are required to hold a number of licenses and permits in connection with our business operation, including fresh fruits and vegetables import license, meat and fish products import license, and processed food products and food appliances import license. We have in the past held, and currently hold, all material licenses and permits described above. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not received any notice of warning or been subject to penalties or other disciplinary action from the relevant governmental authorities regarding the conducting of our business without the above-mentioned approvals and permits. However, new laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time to require additional licenses and permits other than those we currently have, and to address new issues that arises from time to time in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Although we endeavor to comply with all applicable laws and regulations, there is no assurance that we can timely react to the evolving requirements, or that we will not be subject to any penalties in the future.
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We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.
We are an “emerging growth company”, as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for so long as we are an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.
The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. Pursuant to the JOBS Act, we have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards as required when they are adopted for public companies. As a result, our operating results and financial statements may not be comparable to the operating results and financial statements of other companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards.
After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses to us.
As discussed above, we are a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, and therefore, we are not required to comply with all of the periodic disclosure and current reporting requirements of the Exchange Act. The determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last Business Day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, and, accordingly, the next determination will be made with respect to us on June 30, 2024. In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if (1) more than 50% of our outstanding voting securities are owned by U.S. residents and (2) a majority of our Directors or executive officers are U.S. citizens or residents, or we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid the loss of foreign private issuer status. If we lose our foreign private issuer status, we will be required to file with the SEC periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. We will also have to comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, Directors and 10% shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements under the listing rules of the Nasdaq. As a U.S. listed public company that is not a foreign private issuer, we will incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we will not incur as a foreign private issuer.
As a result of being a public company, we are obligated to develop and maintain proper and effective internal controls over financial reporting, and any failure to maintain the adequacy of these internal controls may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our Class A Shares.
We are required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for the year ending December 31, 2023. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for the year ending December 31, 2022. We are required to disclose changes in internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting on an annual basis.
We have commenced the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404, and we may not be able to complete our evaluation, testing, and any required remediation in a timely fashion. Our compliance with Section 404 will require that we incur substantial accounting expense and expend significant management efforts. In addition, as our business continues to grow in size and complexity, we are improving our processes and infrastructure to help ensure we can prepare financial reporting and disclosures within the timeline required for a public company. We may need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge to compile the system and process documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404. In addition, prior to completing our internal control assessment under Section 404, we may become aware of and disclose material weaknesses that will require timely remediation. Due to our significant growth, we face challenges in timely and appropriately designing controls in response to evolving risks of material misstatement. During the evaluation and testing process of our internal controls, if we identify one or more material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, we will be unable to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective.
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We cannot assure you that there will not be material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting in the future. Any failure to maintain internal control over financial reporting could severely inhibit our ability to accurately report our financial condition or operating results. If we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if our independent registered public accounting firm determines we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, the market price of our Class A Shares could decline, and we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the stock exchange on which our securities are listed, the SEC or other regulatory authorities. Failure to remedy any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, or to implement or maintain these and other effective control systems required of public companies, could also restrict our future access to the capital markets.
We have granted and may continue to grant options and other types of awards under our share incentive plan, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses.
We have granted and may continue to grant options and other types of awards to key employees, directors and consultants to incentivize their performance and align their interests with ours, which may result in increased share-based compensation expenses.
We recognize share-based compensation expenses in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. On January 1, 2021, we have granted 4,269,200 Class A Shares to our key employees with a vesting period of 20 months. As a result, we have incurred share-based compensation expenses in the year ended December 31, 2021 until the third quarter of 2022 in connection with these grants. We believe the granting of share-based compensation is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees, and we will continue to grant share-based compensation to employees in the future. However, as a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations. We may re-evaluate the vesting schedules, lock-up period, exercise price or other key terms applicable to the grants under our currently effective share incentive plans from time to time. If we choose to do so, we may experience substantial change in our share-based compensation expenses in the reporting periods following this offering.
Fluctuations in exchange rates between and among the Singapore dollar, the Australian dollar, the Euro, as well as other currencies in which we do business, may adversely affect our operating results.
We operate in various countries in the Asia Pacific region, including Singapore and Indonesia, among other countries. We make inventory purchases primarily in SGD, Indonesian Rupiah (“IDR”), RMB and U.S. dollars, incurs employee compensation expenses and administrative expenses primarily in Singapore dollars, and incur certain other expenses in various other currencies. We derive a significant portion of our revenue from sales denominated in Singapore dollars as well as in various local currencies other than the Singapore dollar.
Our margins may be affected and we may otherwise be affected by foreign exchange differences in connection with fluctuations in the value of currencies against the Singapore dollar and managing multiple currency exposures. For example, we must pay fees to convert proceeds in foreign currencies to Singapore dollars. In addition, foreign exchange controls may restrict us from repatriating income earned in certain foreign countries to Singapore. Any such delay in revenue repatriation may cause us to incur losses due to the volatility of these currencies compared to the Singapore dollar. Because we report our results in Singapore dollars, the difference in exchange rates in one period compared to another directly impacts period-to-period comparisons of our operating results. Because currency exchange rates have been especially volatile in the recent past, these currency fluctuations may make it difficult for us to predict our results. Our Indonesia subsidiary generates primarily all of its revenue in the Indonesian Rupiah, which is freely convertible and transferable, except that Indonesian banks may not transfer Indonesian Rupiah to persons outside of Indonesia and may not conduct certain transactions with non-residents. As a result, any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our Indonesia subsidiary to use its Indonesian Rupiah revenues to pay dividends to us. Limitations on the ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends or make any other payments to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.
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The value of these currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions, and the foreign exchange policies in the respective countries. It is difficult to predict how market forces or government policies may impact the exchange rates between these currencies and the U.S. dollar in the future.
Significant revaluation of these currencies may have a material and adverse effect on your investment. Currently, we have not implemented any comprehensive strategy to mitigate risks related to the impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Implementing hedging strategies can prove costly. Even if we were to implement hedging strategies, not every exposure is or can be hedged, and, where hedges are put in place based on expected foreign exchange exposure, they are based on forecasts which may vary or which may later prove to have been inaccurate. Failure to hedge successfully or anticipate fluctuations in the value of currencies and other currency risks accurately could adversely affect our operating results.
As we expand our business internationally, we will face additional business, political, regulatory, operational, financial and economic risks, any of which could increase our costs and hinder our growth.
We expect to continue to devote significant resources to international expansion in the Asia Pacific region through organic growth. Expanding our business internationally will require considerable management attention and resources and is subject to the particular challenges of operating a rapidly growing business in an environment of multiple languages, cultures, customs and legal and regulatory systems. Entering new international markets or expanding our operations in existing international markets will involve substantial cost, and our ability to gain market acceptance in any particular market is uncertain. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully grow our business internationally. For example, we may become subject to risks that we have not faced before or an increase in the risks that we currently face, including risks associated with:
| ● | localizing our operations and platform, and gaining customer acceptance; |
| ● | recruiting and retaining talented and capable management and employees in various countries; |
| ● | language barrier and cultural differences; |
| ● | negotiating agreements that are economically beneficial to us and protective of our rights, such as contracting with various third parties for the localization of our services; |
| ● | competition from home-grown businesses with significant local market share and a better understanding of consumer preferences; |
| ● | protecting and enforcing our intellectual property rights; |
| ● | the inability to extend proprietary rights in our brand, content or technology into new jurisdictions; |
| ● | complying with applicable foreign laws and regulations, such as those relating to intellectual property, privacy, consumer protection, e-commerce, customs and anti-money laundering; |
| ● | currency exchange rate fluctuations, and foreign exchange controls that might restrict or prevent us from repatriating income earned in foreign countries; |
| ● | challenges in maintaining internal controls and managing accounting personnel in the countries where we operate; |
| ● | protectionist laws and business practices that favor local businesses in some countries; |
| ● | various forms of online fraud, such as credit card fraud; |
| ● | foreign and local tax consequences; |
| ● | political, economic and social instability; and |
| ● | higher costs associated with doing business internationally. |
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Any failure to meet the challenges associated with international expansion could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we are unable to maintain a strong customer base that attracts new customers and repeat purchases from existing customers, or if we are unable to build and sustain an integrated ecosystem for the goods we carry, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
Our future growth depends on our ability to continue to attract new customers and retain existing customers, which is important to the growth and profitability of our business. More importantly, our future growth also depends on our ability to leverage our platform and build an integrated ecosystem for the goods we carry (which at present, would be groceries and lifestyle products) where customers are able to enjoy direct cost savings arising from the group-buy business model. We leverage social networks as a tool for customer acquisition and engagement. Although buyers can access our platform and make team purchases without using social networks, we leverage social networks, such as Facebook, TikTok and Whatsapp, to enable customers to share product information and their purchase experiences with their friends, family, and other social contacts to generate low-cost organic traffic. We may fail to establish or maintain relationships with additional social network operators to support the growth of our business on economically viable terms, or at all. Any interruption to or discontinuation of our relationships with major social network operators may severely and negatively impact our ability to continue growing our customer base, and may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our platform. The internet and the e-commerce markets are characterized by rapid technological evolution, changes in consumer requirements and preferences, frequent introductions of new products, features and services embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards and practices, any of which could render our existing technologies and systems obsolete. Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to identify, develop and adapt to new technologies useful in our business, and respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices, in particular with respect to mobile internet, in a cost-effective and timely way. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in these efforts.
If we fail to anticipate our customers’ needs and provide offerings to attract and retain customers, or fail to adapt our services or business model to changing needs of our customers or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
The e-commerce market in which we operate as well as needs and preferences of consumers are constantly evolving. We must stay abreast of emerging consumer preferences and anticipate upcoming trends in order to continuously respond to such changes to remain competitive and maintain our market position. In addition, maintaining effective marketing is important for our business. We increasingly plan to use technology to enable our systems to make recommendations to customers based on past purchases or on goods viewed but not purchased. Our ability to make individually tailored recommendations is dependent on our business intelligence system, which tracks, collects and analyzes our customers’ browsing and purchasing behavior, to provide accurate and reliable information. We believe that customers choose to utilize our platform because we offer a dynamic and interactive shopping experience, and a wide selection of goods. If we are unable to continue to provide a seamless user experience across different access points, our customers may choose to utilize alternative platforms offered by our competitors. Furthermore, we may not always be able to anticipate the demand and preferences of our customers accurately. Any inability to adapt to these changes promptly may result in a failure to capture new customers or retain existing customers, the occurrence of which would materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our customer base diminishes, it could cause existing suppliers and partners to perceive our platform as less valuable and leave our platform. In addition, potential suppliers and partners could be deterred from joining us. Suppliers may also regard us as less valuable for various other reasons, such as the perceived ineffectiveness of our marketing efforts or the emergence of alternative platforms that charge lower commissions and fees. Any of the above scenarios in turn may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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If our senior management is unable to work together effectively or efficiently, or if we lose their service, our business may be severely disrupted.
Our success depends heavily upon the continued services of our management. In particular, we rely on the expertise and experience of Mr. Bin Xue, our Founder and Chief Executive Officer, and other executive officers. If our senior management cannot work together effectively or efficiently, our business may be severely disrupted. If one or more members of our senior management were unable or unwilling to serve in their current positions, we might not be able to locate an appropriate replacement, if at all, and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If any member of our senior management joins a competitor or forms a competing business, we may lose customers, suppliers, know-how and key professionals and staff. Our senior management has entered into employment agreements with us, which contain confidentiality and non-competition provisions. There can be no assurance that any such non-competition provision will be enforceable in the Singapore courts. In addition, under these agreements, members of our senior management team can resign by giving us prior notice or through forfeiture of compensation during the notice period in lieu of giving prior notice. We currently do not maintain any insurance coverage for loss of key management personnel. If any dispute arises between our senior management and us, especially one that results in any resignation, we may suffer negative publicity and erosion of investor confidence, and we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements, or we may be unable to enforce them at all.
We depend on talented, experienced and committed personnel to grow and operate our business, and if we are unable to recruit, train, motivate and retain qualified personnel or sufficient workforce while controlling our labor costs, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
A fundamental driver of our continued success is our ability to recruit, train and retain qualified personnel with deep experience in the ecommerce industry, particularly in areas of technology, authentication, marketing and operations. For example, we face difficulty recruiting experienced technology personnel, whose responsibility is to design and maintain user-friendly mobile applications.
Our senior management and mid-level managers are instrumental in implementing our business strategies, executing our business plans and supporting our business operations and growth. The effective operation of our managerial and operating systems, fulfillment services, customer service centers and other back office functions also depends on the knowledge and diligence of our management and employees. Since the online e-commerce industry is characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to attract or retain qualified staff or other highly skilled employees that we will need to achieve our strategic objectives. We plan to hire additional employees both in our technology department, in order to enhance user experience for all our online touch points, and in our finance department. We have observed an overall tightening of the labor market and an emerging trend of shortage of labor supply and this requires us to be more creative and pro-active in our talent sourcing rather than only depending on traditional recruitment channels. Failure to obtain experienced and dedicated employees may lead to underperformance of these functions and cause disruption to our business. Labor costs in the countries in which we operate have increased with the economic development in the Asia Pacific region. In addition, our ability to train and integrate new employees into our operations may also be limited and may not meet the demand for our business growth in a timely fashion, if at all, and rapid expansion may impair our ability to maintain a dynamic corporate culture. Furthermore, additional employees that we plan to hire may be located at our offices and facilities outside Singapore. As a result, we may have less control over these employees, and we may experience increased difficulty in integrating them into our corporate culture.
If we fail to recruit new Group Leaders or keep our existing Group Leaders motivated, our business may suffer.
Our Group Leaders are key in acquiring and retaining customers, and particular, in facilitating customer engagement which is crucial in developing and maintaining the dynamic and interactive experience that our platform strives to deliver. If we are unable to retain a sufficient number of Group Leaders such as would allow us to effectively and efficiently engage with the community, gather feedback in a timely manner, and assist with tail-end logistics, our business and growth could be disrupted.
We cannot assure that the incentives currently offered by us to Group leaders can continue to motivate and retain our Group Leaders in the future, or that potential competitors with greater financial resources will not adopt a similar business model as us while offering our Group Leaders greater incentives to perform similar roles on their platforms.
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The proper functioning of our information technology platform is essential to our business. Any failure to maintain the satisfactory performance of our mobile application and systems could materially and adversely affect our business and reputation.
The satisfactory performance, reliability and availability of our technology platform are critical to our success and our ability to attract and retain customers and suppliers, and provide superior customer service. All of our sales of products are made online through our mobile application, and the fulfillment services we provide to customers are coordinated through our mobile application. Any system interruptions caused by telecommunications failures, computer viruses, software errors, third party services, cloud computing providers, cyberattacks or other attempts to harm our systems that result in the unavailability or slowdown of our mobile application or reduced orders and fulfillment performance could reduce the volume of products sold and the attractiveness of product offerings on our mobile application. Our cloud servers may also be vulnerable to computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins and similar disruptions, which could lead to system interruptions, mobile application slowdown or shutdown, delays or errors in transaction processing, loss of valuable data or the inability to accept and fulfill orders. Even though we have not experienced in the past, we may experience cyber-attacks and unexpected interruptions in the future. We can provide no assurance that our current security mechanisms will be sufficient to protect our information technology systems from any third-party intrusions, viruses or cyberattacks, information or data theft or other similar activities. Any such future occurrences could reduce customer satisfaction, damage our reputation and result in a material decrease in our revenue. Additionally, we must continue to upgrade and improve our technology platform to support our business growth, and failure to do so could impede our growth. However, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in executing these system upgrades, improvement strategies or updates by our third party technology service providers. In particular, our systems may experience windows of down time during upgrades, and the new technologies or infrastructures may not be fully integrated with the existing systems on a timely and reliable basis, if at all. Surges in online traffic associated with promotional activities and holiday seasons in the past, among others, could strain our platform and result in unexpected downtime if our server is unable to handle the volume of traffic. While we have implemented procedures to add server capacity prior to such events, there can be no assurance that our servers will not be overloaded in the future due to the popularity of sales events or for any other reason. If our existing or future technology platform does not function properly, it could cause system disruptions and slow response times, affecting data transmission, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Any deficiencies in the internet infrastructure of any particular country in which we operate or any disruption in our arrangements with third-party providers of communications and storage capacity could impair our ability to sell products over our mobile applications, which could cause us to lose customers and harm our operating results.
The majority of our sales of products and services are made online through our mobile application, and the fulfillment services we provide to our customers are related to their purchases through our mobile application. Our business depends on the performance and reliability of the internet infrastructure in the Asia Pacific countries in which we operate. The availability of our mobile application depends on telecommunications carriers and other third-party providers of communications and storage capacity, including bandwidth and server storage, among other things. If we are unable to enter into and renew agreements with these providers on acceptable terms, or if any of our existing agreements with such providers are terminated as a result of our breach or otherwise, our ability to provide our services to our customers could be adversely affected. Service interruptions prevent our buyers and sellers from accessing our mobile application, and frequent interruptions could frustrate them and discourage them from attempting to place orders, which could cause us to lose customers and harm our operating results.
If we fail to adopt new technologies or adapt our mobile application and systems to changing customer requirements or emerging industry standards, our business may be materially and adversely affected.
To remain competitive, we must continue to enhance and improve the responsiveness, functionality and features of our mobile application. The internet and the online retail industry are characterized by rapid technological evolution, changes in customer requirements and preferences, frequent introductions of new products and services embodying new technologies and the emergence of new industry standards and practices, any of which could render our existing technologies and systems obsolete. Our success will depend, in part, on its ability to identify, develop, acquire or license leading technologies useful in our business, and respond to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices, such as mobile internet, in a cost-effective and timely manner. The development of mobile applications and other proprietary technology entails significant technical and business risks. We cannot assure you that we will be able to use new technologies effectively or adapt our mobile application, proprietary technologies and systems to meet customer requirements or emerging industry standards. If we are unable to adapt in a cost-effective and timely manner in response to changing market conditions or customer requirements, whether for technical, legal, financial or other reasons, our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.
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Customer growth and activity on mobile devices depends upon effective use of mobile operating systems, networks and standards that we do not control.
We have seen an increase in the use of mobile devices by buyers to place orders and by sellers to showcase their products, and we expect this trend to continue. To optimize the mobile shopping experience, we guide our customers to download our mobile application to their devices as opposed to accessing our sites from an internet browser on their mobile device. As new mobile devices and platforms are released, it is difficult to predict the problems we may encounter in developing applications for these alternative devices and platforms, and we may need to devote significant resources to the development, support and maintenance of such applications. In addition, our future growth and our results of operations could suffer if we experience difficulties in the future in integrating our mobile application into mobile devices or if problems arise with our relationships with providers of mobile operating systems or mobile application download stores, if our applications receive unfavorable treatment compared to competing applications on the download stores, or if we face increased costs to distribute or have customers use our mobile application. We are further dependent on the interoperability of our sites with popular mobile operating systems that we do not control, such as iOS and Android, and any changes in such systems that degrade the functionality of our sites or give preferential treatment to competitive products could adversely affect the usage of our sites on mobile devices. In the event that it is more difficult for our customers to access and use our mobile application on their mobile devices, or if our customers choose not to access or to use our mobile application on their mobile devices or to use mobile products that do not offer access to our mobile application, our customer growth could be harmed and our business, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.
The wide variety of payment methods that we accept subjects us to third-party payment processing-related risks.
We accept payments using a variety of methods, including major credit card networks, bank transfers and payment gateways such as Stripe, PayNow and Reddot. For certain payment methods, including credit cards, we pay transaction fees, which may increase over time and increase our operating costs and lower our profit margins. We may also be subject to fraud and other illegal activities in connection with the various payment methods we offer. We also rely on third parties to provide payment processing services. If these service providers fail to provide adequate services or if our relationships with them were to terminate, we and our suppliers’ ability to accept payments could be adversely affected, and our business could be harmed. One of our payment service providers has experienced a network failure in the past, and we cannot assure you that similar incidents will not occur in the future. We are also subject to various rules, regulations and requirements, regulatory or otherwise, governing electronic funds transfers, which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and lose our ability to accept credit card payments from our customers, process electronic funds transfers or facilitate other types of online payments, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
We do not have, and may be unable to obtain, sufficient insurance to insure against certain business risks. As a result, we may be exposed to significant costs and business disruption.
The insurance industry in certain jurisdictions where we operate is not yet fully developed, and many forms of insurance protection common in more developed countries are not available on comparable or commercially acceptable terms, if at all. We do not currently maintain insurance coverage for business interruption, product liability, or loss of key management personnel. We do not hold insurance policies to cover for any losses resulting from counterparty and credit risks and fraudulent transactions, nor for losses from cyberattacks, software failures and data loss. Our lack of insurance coverage or reserves with respect to business-related risks may expose us to substantial losses. As to those risks for which we have insurance coverage, the insurance payouts we are entitled to in case of an insured event are subject to deductibles and other customary conditions and limitations. For instance, we cannot rule out the possibility that natural disasters, fire or theft would destroy valuable inventory in one or more logistics centers, in which case the damages we suffer may exceed the insurance payouts to which we would be entitled. This, and various other scenarios, if materialized, could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
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We may be the subject of anti-competitive, harassing, or other detrimental conduct by third parties including complaints to regulatory agencies, negative blog postings, negative comments on social media and the public dissemination of malicious assessments of our business that could harm our reputation and cause us to lose market share, customers and revenues and adversely affect the price of our Class A Shares.
In the future we may be the target of anti-competitive, harassing, or other detrimental conduct by third parties. Such conduct includes complaints, anonymous or otherwise, to regulatory agencies. We may be subject to government or regulatory investigation as a result of such third-party conduct and may be required to expend significant time and incur substantial costs to address such third-party conduct, and there is no assurance that we will be able to conclusively refute each of the allegations within a reasonable period of time, or at all. Additionally, allegations, directly or indirectly against us, may be posted in internet chat-rooms or on blogs or websites by anyone, whether or not related to us, on an anonymous basis. Consumers value readily available information concerning retailers, manufacturers, and their goods and services and often act on such information without further investigation or verification and without regard to its accuracy. The availability of information on social media platforms and devices is virtually immediate, as is its impact. Social media platforms and devices immediately publish the content their subscribers and participants post, often without filters or checks on the accuracy of the content posted. Information posted may be inaccurate and adverse to us, and it may harm our financial performance, prospects or business. Given that the comments and posts on social media also tend to spread broadly and quickly, the harm may be immediate without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction. Our reputation may be negatively affected as a result of the public dissemination of anonymous allegations or malicious statements about our business, which in turn may cause us to lose market share, customers and revenues and adversely affect the price of our securities.
We may be (or become) classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could subject United States investors in our Class A Shares to significant adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences.
We will be classified as a “passive foreign investment company,” or “PFIC” if, in the case of any particular taxable year, either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (b) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of our assets (as determined on the basis of fair market value) held during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). No determination has been made as to whether we were a PFIC for a prior taxable period. It is possible that we may become a PFIC for the current taxable year. Because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined by reference to the market price of our Class A Shares, fluctuations in the market price of our Class A Shares may cause us to become a PFIC for the current taxable year or subsequent taxable years. The determination of whether we will be or become a PFIC will also depend, in part, on the composition of our income and assets, which will be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering. Under circumstances where we determine not to deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes, our risk of being classified as a PFIC may substantially increase. For this purpose, we will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules and PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the close of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for the current taxable year or any future taxable year.
If we are classified as a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Taxation — Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations to U.S. Holders”) may incur significantly increased U.S. income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of our Class A Shares and on the receipt of distributions on the shares to the extent such gain or distribution is treated as an “excess distribution” under the U.S. federal income tax rules and such holders may be subject to burdensome reporting requirements. Further, if we are classified as a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds our Class A Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which such U.S. Holder holds our Class A Shares. For more information see “Taxation — Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations to U.S. Holders — Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”
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We could face uncertain tax liabilities in various jurisdictions where it operates, and suffer adverse financial consequences as a result.
We believe we are in compliance with all applicable tax laws in the various jurisdictions where we are subject to tax, but our tax liabilities, including any arising from restructuring transactions, could be uncertain, and we could suffer adverse tax and other financial consequences if tax authorities do not agree with our interpretation of the applicable tax laws. Although we are domiciled in Singapore, we and our subsidiaries collectively operate in multiple tax jurisdictions and pay income taxes according to the tax laws of these jurisdictions. Various factors, some of which are beyond our control, determine our effective tax rate and/or the amount we are required to pay, including changes in or interpretations of tax laws in any given jurisdiction and changes in geographical allocation of income. We accrue income tax liabilities and tax contingencies based upon our best estimate of the taxes ultimately expected to be paid after considering our knowledge of all relevant facts and circumstances, existing tax laws, our experience with previous audits and settlements, the status of current tax examinations and how the tax authorities view certain issues. Such amounts are included in income taxes payable or deferred income tax liabilities, as appropriate, and are updated over time as more information becomes available. We believe that we are filing tax returns and paying taxes in each jurisdiction where we are required to do so under the laws of such jurisdiction. However, it is possible that the relevant tax authorities in the jurisdictions where we do not file returns may assert that we are required to file tax returns and pay taxes in such jurisdictions. There can be no assurance that our subsidiaries will not be taxed in multiple jurisdictions in the future, and any such taxation in multiple jurisdictions could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we may, from time to time, be subject to inquiries from tax authorities of the relevant jurisdictions on various tax matters, including challenges to positions asserted on income and withholding tax returns. We cannot be certain that the tax authorities will agree with our interpretations of the applicable tax laws, or that the tax authorities will resolve any inquiries in our favor. To the extent the relevant tax authorities do not agree with our interpretation, we may seek to enter into settlements with the tax authorities which may require significant payments and may adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition. We may also appeal against the tax authorities’ determinations to the appropriate governmental authorities, but we cannot be sure we will prevail. If we do not prevail, we may have to make significant payments or otherwise record charges (or reduce tax assets) that could adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Similarly, any adverse or unfavorable determinations by tax authorities on pending inquiries could lead to increased taxation on us that may adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
You may face difficulties protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through the U.S. federal courts may be limited because a substantial portion of our assets are in Singapore and several of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States.
Since we are incorporated in the Cayman Islands, several of our officers, and directors, reside outside the United States. In addition, a substantial portion of their assets and our assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, you may have difficulty serving legal process within the United States upon us or our directors and officers who reside outside of the United States. You may also have difficulty enforcing, both in and outside of the United States, judgments you may obtain in U.S. courts against us or our directors and officers who reside outside of the United States in any action, including actions based upon the civil liability provisions of U.S. Federal or state securities laws. Furthermore, you may not be able to enforce any judgments outside of the United States against us or against any of our directors and officers who are not residents of the United States, in original actions or in actions for enforcement of judgments of U.S. courts, of liabilities based solely upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws.
As a result, you may have more difficulty in protecting your interests through actions against us, our management, or our major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation with a larger portion of its assets in the United States or with more directors or officers resident in the United States.
We may need to raise capital in addition to this offering, which may not be available on favorable terms, if at all, and which may cause dilution to holders of our Class A Shares, restrict our operations or adversely affect our ability to operate and continue our business.
If we need to raise additional funds, we cannot be certain that we will be able to obtain additional financing on favorable terms, if at all, and any additional financings could result in additional dilution to holders of our Class A Shares. Debt financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions such as incurring additional debt, expending capital, or declaring dividends, or which impose financial covenants on us that limit our ability to achieve our business objectives. If we need additional capital and cannot raise it on acceptable terms, we may not be able to meet our business objectives, our stock price may fall and you may lose some or all of your investment.
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Our indebtedness could have important consequences to you.
Our indebtedness could have important consequences to you. For example, it could:
| ● | limit our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and other general corporate requirements; |
| ● | require us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow for operations and other purposes; |
| ● | limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and the industry in which we operate; and |
| ● | place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to competitors that may have proportionately less debt and greater financial resources. |
If we were to default on our obligations, we could be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations, and the value realized on such assets or operations will depend on market conditions and the availability of buyers. Accordingly, any such sale may not, among other things, be for a sufficient dollar amount. If we were to otherwise attempt to sell material assets or operations, the foregoing encumbrances may limit our ability to dispose of material assets or operations. In the event that our debtors enforced their rights to our assets, we may have to discontinue our business, and our investors could lose all or a part of their investment in us.
There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain further funds required for our continued operations or that additional financing will be available for use when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms. If we are not able to obtain the additional financing on a timely basis, we will not be able to meet our other obligations as they become due and we will be forced to scale down or perhaps even cease our operations.
Global economic conditions could materially adversely impact demand for our products and services.
Our operations and performance depend significantly on economic conditions. Global economic conditions continue to be subject to volatility arising from international geopolitical developments (such as the war in Ukraine), global economic phenomenon (including rising inflation rates), general financial market turbulence and natural phenomena (such as the COVID-19 pandemic). Uncertainty about global economic conditions could result in
| ● | customers postponing purchases of our products and services in response to tighter credit, unemployment, negative financial news and/or declines in income or asset values and other macroeconomic factors, which could have a material negative effect on demand for our products and services; and |
| ● | third-party suppliers being unable to produce components for our products in the same quantity or on the same timeline or being unable to deliver such parts and components as quickly as before or subject to price fluctuations, which could have a material adverse effect on our production or the cost of such production; and accordingly, on our business, results of operations or financial condition. |
Access to public financing and credit can be negatively affected by the effect of these events on the Singapore, U.S. and global credit markets. The health of the global financing and credit markets may affect our ability to obtain equity or debt financing in the future and the terms at which financing or credit is available to us. These instances of volatility and market turmoil could adversely affect our operations, our ability to conduct any future offerings on a national U.S. exchange (or at all) and the trading price of our Class A Shares if we ever conduct such an offering.
Our business could be materially harmed by the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
Recently, a global pandemic of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) in December 2019 and has spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. Furthermore, the effects of a subvariant of the Omicron variant of COVID-19, which may spread faster than the original Omicron variant, as well as the effects of any new variants and subvariants which may develop, including any actions taken by governments, may have the effect of increasing the already-existing supply chain problems or slowing our sales.
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The virus and the measures to contain its spread have resulted in business and manufacturing disruptions in our markets, impacted the business activities of e-commerce merchants, and other ecosystem participants (such as logistics networks and payment channels in the affected markets) and disrupted the global supply chain. Some of our merchants and suppliers with whom we maintain business relationships have reduced or suspended, or may in the future reduce or suspend, their selling activities due to operational constraints or global supply chain disruptions.
We have experienced supply chain constraints resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, which has slowed down supply and has negatively impact the timing of deploying products to our clients. In addition, we have also faced increased costs of components and freight resulting from COVID-19. Further, current or future governmental policies may increase the risk of inflation, which could further increase the costs of raw materials and components for our business. Similarly, if costs of goods continue to increase, our suppliers may seek price increases from us. If we are unable to mitigate the impact of supply chain constraints and inflationary pressure through price increases or other measures, our results of operations and financial condition could be negatively impacted. Even if we are able to raise the prices of our products, consumers might react negatively to such price increases, which could have a material adverse effect on, among other things, our brand, reputation, and sales. If our competitors substantially lower their prices, we may lose customers and mark down prices. Our revenues may be impacted by lower prices, which may negatively impact our margins. Even though we are working to alleviate supply chain constraints through various measures, we are unable to predict the impact of these constraints on the timing of revenue and operating costs of our business in the near future. Raw material supply shortages and supply chain constraints, including cost inflation, have impacted and could continue to negatively impact our ability to meet increased demand, which in turn could impact our net sales revenues and market share. The increased cost of freight and fresh produce in general are likely to have an impact on sales and operating losses throughout 2022 as well as 2023.
The global stock markets have experienced and may continue to experience a significant decline from the COVID-19 pandemic. The price of our Class A Shares may decline significantly after the consummation of this offering, in which case you may lose your investment. Because of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, the business disruption and the related financial impact related to the pandemic of and response to the coronavirus cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.
We may face risks related to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine and any other conflicts that may arise on a global or regional scale which could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The ongoing armed conflicts between Russia and Ukraine in Europe and among Israel, Hamas and other militant groups in the Middle East, have caused and could continue to cause significant market disruptions and volatility within the markets in Russia, Europe, the Middle East and the United States. The hostilities and sanctions resulting from those hostilities have adversely affected and could continue to adversely affect global financial markets and thus could affect our client’s business and our business, even though we do not have any direct exposure to Russia, Israel, or the adjoining geographic regions. However, we cannot predict the progress or outcome of the situation in Ukraine, or Israel, as the conflict and governmental reactions are rapidly developing and beyond their control. Prolonged unrest, intensified military activities, or more extensive sanctions impacting the region could have a material adverse effect on the global economy, and such effect could in turn, have a material adverse effect on the operations, results of operations, financial condition, liquidity and business outlook of our business.
Additionally, continued turbulence in the international financial markets may adversely affect our ability to access the capital markets to meet liquidity needs. Financial markets and economic conditions could be negatively impacted by many factors, both economically and politically, beyond our control, such as the inability to access capital markets, control of the foreign exchange, changes in exchange rates, rising interest rates or inflation, slowing or negative growth rate, government involvement in the allocation of resources, inability to meet financial commitments in a timely manner, terrorism, pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, political uncertainty, Russo — Ukraine war, the outcome of the Sino — US trade dispute, Israel — Hamas conflict, civil unrest, fiscal or other economic policy of Hong Kong or other governments, and the timing and nature of any regulatory reform.
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Risks Relating to Our Securities
We are selling this offering without an underwriter and may be unable to sell any shares.
This offering is self-underwritten, that is, we are not going to engage the services of an underwriter to sell the shares; we intend to sell them through Mr. Bin Xue, our chief executive officer and chairperson of the board of directors, who will receive no commissions. They will offer the shares to friends, relatives, acquaintances and business associates, however, there is no guarantee that they will be able to sell any of the shares. None of our officers and directors have any experience conducting a best efforts offering, which decreases the likelihood that the Offering will be successful.
An active trading market for our Class A Shares may not be maintained and the trading price for our Class A Shares may fluctuate significantly.
We cannot assure you that a liquid public market for our Class A Shares will be maintained. If an active public market for our Class A Shares is not maintained, the market price and liquidity of our Class A Shares may be materially and adversely affected. The public offering price for our Class A Shares in the public offering was determined based upon several factors, and we can provide no assurance that the trading price of our Class A Shares after the public offering will not decline below the public offering price. As a result, investors in our Class A Shares may experience a significant decrease in the value of their shares.
We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.
We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our Class A Shares if the market price of our Class A Shares increases.
The market price of our Class A Shares can be volatile and can fluctuate substantially, which could result in substantial losses for purchasers of our Class A Shares in this offering.
The market price of our Class A Shares can be highly volatile. Accordingly, you may be unable to sell your Class A Shares at or above the offering price.
The wide fluctuations of the market price of our Class A Shares may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in Singapore that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the Class A Shares may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:
| ● | variations in our revenues, earnings, cash flow; |
| ● | fluctuations in operating metrics; |
| ● | announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors; |
| ● | announcements of new solutions and services and expansions by us or our competitors; |
| ● | termination or non-renewal of contracts or any other material adverse change in our relationship with our key customers or strategic investors; |
| ● | changes in financial estimates by securities analysts; |
| ● | detrimental negative publicity about us, our competitors or our industry; |
| ● | additions or departures of key personnel; |
| ● | release of lockup or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; |
| ● | regulatory developments affecting us or our industry; and |
| ● | potential litigation or regulatory investigations. |
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Short selling may drive down the market price of our Class A Shares.
Short selling is the practice of selling shares that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical shares back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the shares between the sale of the borrowed shares and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is in the short seller’s interest for the price of the shares to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions and allegations regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling the shares short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable publicity, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we would have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of commercial confidentiality.
Our management has broad discretion to determine how to use the funds raised in this offering and may use them in ways that may not enhance our results of operations or the price of our Class A Shares.
To the extent (i) we raise more money than required for the purposes explained in the section titled “Use of Proceeds” or (ii) we determine that the proposed uses set forth in that section are no longer in the best interests of our Company, we cannot specify with any certainty the particular uses of such net proceeds that we will receive from our public offering. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of such net proceeds, including working capital, possible acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes, and we may spend or invest these proceeds in a way with which our shareholders disagree. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business and financial condition, fail to improve our results of operations, and/or fail to enhance the market price of our Class A Shares. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from our public offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value. As of the date of this prospectus, our management has not determined the types of businesses that the Company will target or the terms of any potential acquisition.
If we cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer, we would be required to comply fully with the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, and we would incur significant additional legal, accounting and other expenses that we would not incur as a foreign private issuer.
We expect to qualify as a foreign private issuer upon the completion of this offering. As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic issuers, and we will not be required to disclose in our periodic reports all of the information that U.S. domestic issuers are required to disclose. While we currently expect to qualify as a foreign private issuer immediately following the completion of this offering, we may cease to qualify as a foreign private issuer in the future, in which case we would incur significant additional expenses that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Because we are a foreign private issuer and are exempt from certain Nasdaq corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. issuers, you will have less protection than you would have if we were a domestic issuer.
Nasdaq listing rules require listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of its board members be independent. As a foreign private issuer, however, we are permitted to, and we may follow home country practice in lieu of the above requirements, or we may choose to comply with the above requirement within one year of listing. The corporate governance practice in our home country, the Cayman Islands, does not require a majority of our board to consist of independent directors. Thus, although a director must act in the best interests of the Company, it is possible that fewer board members will be exercising independent judgment and the level of board oversight on the management of our Company may decrease as a result. In addition, Nasdaq listing rules also require U.S. domestic issuers to have a compensation committee, a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, and an audit committee with a minimum of three members. We, as a foreign private issuer, are not subject to these requirements. Nasdaq listing rules may require shareholder approval for certain corporate matters, such as requiring that shareholders be given the opportunity to vote on all equity compensation plans and material revisions to those plans, certain ordinary share issuances. We intend to comply with the requirements of Nasdaq listing rules in determining whether shareholder approval is required on such matters and to appoint a nominating and corporate governance committee. We may, however, consider following home country practice in lieu of the requirements under Nasdaq listing rules with respect to certain corporate governance standards which may afford less protection to investors.
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Further issuances of Class B Shares may result in a dilution of the percentage ownership of the existing holders of Class A Shares as a total proportion of Ordinary Shares in the Company.
The Company may issue more Class B Shares. The issuance of additional Class B Shares may result in dilution to holders of our Class A Shares. Each Class A Share entitles its holder to one (1) vote per share, while each Class B Share carries ten (10) votes per share. As a result, holders of Class B Shares have significantly greater voting power than holders of Class A Shares. If we decide to issue more Class B Shares, it could have the effect of increasing the overall voting power of Class B Shareholders relative to Class A Shareholders, potentially diminishing the influence and control of Class A Shareholders over our company’s affairs.
This dilution in voting power could impact the ability of Class A Shareholders to influence important corporate decisions, including those related to corporate governance, mergers, acquisitions, and other significant transactions. It may also result in decisions that are not aligned with the interests of Class A Shareholders.
Our controlling shareholder has substantial influence over the Company. Its interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders, and it could prevent or cause a change of control or other transactions.
Immediately prior to the completion of this offering, the controlling shareholder, Mr. Bin Xue indirectly controls an aggregate of 0% and 79.41% of our issued and outstanding Class A Shares and Class B Shares, respectively. Upon completion of this offering, Mr. Bin Xue will, indirectly control 0% and 79.41% of our issued and outstanding Class A Shares and Class B Shares, respectively.
Accordingly, our controlling shareholder will have considerable influence or control over the outcome of any corporate transactions or other matters submitted to the shareholders for approval, including (i) mergers, consolidations, (ii) the election or removal of Directors, (iii) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets, (iv) making amendments to our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, (v) whether to issue additional shares, including to him, (vi) employment, including compensation arrangements, and (vii) the power to prevent or cause a change in control. The interests of our largest shareholder may differ from the interests of our other shareholders. Without the consent of our controlling shareholder, we may be prevented from entering into transactions that could be beneficial to us or our other shareholders. The concentration in the ownership of our shares may cause a material decline in the value of our shares. For more information regarding our principal shareholders and their affiliated entities, see “Principal Shareholders”.
The laws of the Cayman Islands may not provide our shareholders with benefits comparable to those provided to shareholders of corporations incorporated in the United States.
We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with limited liability. Our corporate affairs are governed by our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, by the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law in the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands and from English common law. Decisions of the Privy Council (which is the final Court of Appeal for British overseas territories such as the Cayman Islands) are binding on a court in the Cayman Islands. Decisions of the English courts, and particularly the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal are generally of persuasive authority but are not binding in the courts of the Cayman Islands. Decisions of courts in other Commonwealth jurisdictions are similarly of persuasive but not binding authority. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws relative to the United States. Therefore, our public shareholders may have more difficulty protecting their interests in the face of actions by our management, directors or controlling shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States. See “Description of Share Capital — Differences in Corporate Law.”
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Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of the register of members of these companies. Our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.
As a result of all of the above, public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by our management, members of the board of directors, or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders.
You may be unable to present proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by shareholders.
Cayman Islands law provides shareholders with only limited rights to requisition a general meeting and does not provide shareholders with any right to put any proposal before a general meeting. These rights, however, may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our articles of association allow our shareholders holding shares representing in aggregate not less than one-third of our voting share capital in issue, to requisition a general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our directors are obliged to call such meeting. Advance notice of at least 10 clear days is required for the convening of a general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders consists of at least two shareholders present or by proxy, representing not less than one-third of the total issued shares carrying the right to vote at a general meeting. For these purposes, “clear days” means that period excluding (a) the day when the notice is given or deemed to be given and (b) the day for which it is given or on which it is to take effect.
Risks Related to Countries Where We Operate
Developments in the social, political, regulatory and economic environment in the countries where we operate, may have a material and adverse impact on us.
Our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by social, political, regulatory and economic developments in countries in which we operate. Such political and economic uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks of war, terrorism, nationalism, nullification of contract, changes in interest rates, imposition of capital controls and methods of taxation. For example, we have considerable operations in Singapore, and negative developments in Singapore’s socio-political environment may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Although the overall economic environment in Singapore and other countries where we operate appears to be positive, there can be no assurance that this will continue to prevail in the future.
Disruptions in the international trading environment may seriously decrease our international sales.
The success and profitability of our international activities depend on certain factors beyond our control, such as general economic conditions, labor conditions, political stability, macro-economic regulating measures, tax laws, import and export duties, transportation difficulties, fluctuation of local currency and foreign exchange controls of the countries in which we sell our services, as well as the political and economic relationships among the jurisdictions where we source products and jurisdictions where our clients’ customers are located. As a result, our services will continue to be vulnerable to disruptions in the international trading environment, including adverse changes in foreign government regulations, political unrest and international economic downturns. Any disruptions in the international trading environment may affect the demand for our services, which could impact our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Natural events, wars, terrorist attacks and other acts of violence involving any of the countries in which we or our clients have operations could adversely affect our operations and client confidence.
Natural disaster events (such as volcanos, floods and earthquakes), terrorist attacks and other acts of violence or war may adversely disrupt our operations, lead to economic weakness in the countries in which they occur and affect worldwide financial markets, and could potentially lead to economic recession, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These events could adversely affect our clients’ levels of business activity and precipitate sudden significant changes in regional and global economic conditions and cycles. These events also pose significant risks to our people and to our business operations around the world.
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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events, all of which are subject to risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events. You can identify these statements by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. You can find many (but not all) of these statements by the use of words such as “approximates,” “believes,” “hopes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or other similar expressions in this prospectus. These statements are likely to address our growth strategy, financial results and product and development programs. You must carefully consider any such statements and should understand that many factors could cause actual results to differ from our forward-looking statements. These factors may include inaccurate assumptions and a broad variety of other risks and uncertainties, including some that are known and some that are not. No forward-looking statement can be guaranteed and actual future results may vary materially.
Forward-looking statements are based on the reasonable assumptions, estimates, analysis and opinions made in light of our experience and our perception of trends, current conditions and expected developments, as well as other factors that we believe to be relevant and reasonable in the circumstances at the date that such statements are made, but which may prove to be incorrect. Management believes that the assumption and expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable. Readers are cautioned that the foregoing list is not exhaustive of all factors and assumptions which may have been used.
The forward-looking statements, including the statements contained in the sections entitled Risk Factors, Description of Business and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Conditions and Results of Operations and elsewhere in this prospectus, are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include but are not limited to:
| ● | assumptions about our future financial and operating results, including revenue, interest rates, income, expenditures, cash balances, and other financial items; |
| ● | our ability to execute our growth and expansion plan, including our ability to meet our goals; |
| ● | current and future economic and political conditions; |
| ● | our ability to compete in a changing e-commerce industry; |
| ● | our ability to raise sufficient funds to carry out our proposed business plan or failure to manage future growth effectively; |
| ● | our capital requirements and our ability to raise any additional financing which we may require; |
| ● | our ability to attract customers and further enhance our brand awareness; |
| ● | our ability to hire and retain qualified management personnel and key employees in order to enable us to develop our business; |
| ● | trends and competition in the e-commerce industry; |
| ● | future developments of the COVID-19 pandemic; |
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| ● | our ability to execute prospective business plans; |
| ● | future decisions by management in response to changing conditions; |
| ● | misjudgments in the course of preparing forward-looking statements; |
| ● | consumers’ and businesses’ willingness to purchase products or services over the Internet; |
| ● | developments in alternative community e-commerce retailors or our inability to satisfy the demand of the existing and potential customers; |
| ● | inability to design, develop, market and sell products or provide services that address additional market opportunities; |
| ● | disruption of supply or shortage of raw materials; |
| ● | our limited operating history by which performance can be gauged; |
| ● | our ability to manage our research, development, expansion, growth and operating expenses; |
| ● | Our ability to protect our intellectual property and to develop, maintain and enhance a strong brand; and |
| ● | other assumptions described in this prospectus underlying or relating to any forward-looking statements. |
Although management has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking statements, there may be other factors that cause results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Forward-looking statements might not prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We wish to advise you that these cautionary remarks expressly qualify, in their entirety, all forward-looking statements attributable to our company or persons acting on our company’s behalf. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such statements, except as, and to the extent required by, applicable securities laws. You should carefully review the cautionary statements and risk factors contained in this prospectus and other documents that we may file from time to time with the securities regulators.
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USE OF PROCEEDS
Based upon an assumed fixed offering price of US$0.29 per Class A Share, we estimate that we will receive gross proceeds from this offering of approximately US$2,900,000, and net proceeds of approximately US$2,677,572, after deducting estimated offering expenses of approximately $222,428 payable by us. However, because this is a best-efforts offering and there is no minimum offering amount required as a condition to the closing of this offering, the actual offering amount, and the net proceeds to us are not presently determinable and may be substantially less than the maximum amounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows, and we have ordered the specific uses of proceeds in order of priority. General corporate purposes may include capital expenditures.
| Description of Use | Estimated Amount of Net Proceeds | |||||||
| To establish advanced franchise system for both fruit distribution and offline community setups in Indonesia | US$ | 535,514 | 20 | % | ||||
| Investment in 360 marketing in Indonesia | US$ | 401,636 | 15 | % | ||||
| Investments in infrastructure relating to information technology | US$ | 669,393 | 25 | % | ||||
| Development and expansion of business and operations in Indonesia | US$ | 267,757 | 10 | % | ||||
| Enhancing our global supply chain capability | US$ | 267,757 | 10 | % | ||||
| Working capital and general corporate purposes | US$ | 535,514 | 20 | % | ||||
| Total | US$ | 2,677,572 | 100 | % | ||||
A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the fixed offering price of US$0.29 per Class A Share, which is the fixed offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $10 million, assuming the number of shares, offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated offering expenses payable by us.
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DIVIDEND POLICY
Except as disclosed below, we have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our Class A Shares. We anticipate that we will retain any earnings to support operations and to finance the growth and development of our business. Therefore, we do not expect to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Our board of directors has complete discretion on whether to distribute dividends, subject to applicable laws. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend either out of profit or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if the dividend payment would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency, and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions, and other factors that the board of directors may deem relevant. Cash dividends on our Class A Shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.
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CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2023:
| ● | on an actual basis; and |
| ● | on a pro forma basis to give effect to the re-designation and re-classification of 21,395,400 authorized and issued and outstanding ordinary shares held by BIN XUE, GBUY GLOBAL LTD, and WEBUY TALENT LTD as 21,395,400 class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.000000385 each on a one for one basis on March 8, 2024; and |
| ● | on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect the issuance and sale of up to 10,000,000 Class A Shares by us in this offering based on an assumed fixed offering price of US$0.29 per Class A Share, equal to a 6.75% discount to the closing price of our Class A Shares on Nasdaq on April 26, 2024, after deducting estimated offering expenses payable by us. |
The pro forma information below is illustrative only, and our capitalization following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual net proceeds to us from the offering. You should read this capitalization table in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, “Use of Proceeds” and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
| December 31, 2023 (USD) | ||||||||||||
| Actual | Pro forma | Pro forma As Adjusted | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 5,393,848 | $ | 8,071,420 | $ | 8,071,420 | ||||||
| Short-term debts, including amount due to a related party | 512,435 | 512,435 | 512,435 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 204,758 | 204,758 | 204,758 | |||||||||
| Convertible notes payable | 1,901,600 | 1,901,600 | 1,901,600 | |||||||||
| Total indebtedness | $ | 2,618,793 | $ | 2,618,793 | 2,618,793 | |||||||
| Shareholders’ equity: | ||||||||||||
| Ordinary shares, 52,381,600 shares outstanding on actual basis, 30,986,200 Class A Shares outstanding on a pro forma basis after giving effect of the re-classification and re-designation, 40,986,200 Class A Shares outstanding on a pro forma as adjusted basis | 20 | 12 | 16 | |||||||||
| Additional Paid-in capital | 29,287,795 | 31,965,367 | 31,965,367 | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (23,484,274 | ) | (23,484,274 | ) | (23,484,274 | ) | ||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (93,154 | ) | (93,154 | ) | (93,154 | ) | ||||||
| Total Shareholders’ (Deficit)/Equity to shareholders of WEBUY GLOBAL | 5,710,387 | 8,387,951 | 8,387,955 | |||||||||
| Deficit attributable to non-controlling interest | (54,660 | ) | (54,660 | ) | (54,660 | ) | ||||||
| Total Shareholders’ (Deficit)/Equity | 5,655,727 | ) | 8,333,291 | 8,333,295 | ||||||||
| Total capitalization | 8,274,520 | 10,952,084 | 10,952,088 | |||||||||
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DILUTION
If you invest in our Class A Shares, your interest will be diluted for each ordinary share you purchase to the extent of the difference between the offering price per ordinary share and our net tangible book value per ordinary share after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the offering price per ordinary share is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per ordinary share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding Class A Shares.
Our net tangible book value was approximately $4,404,547, or approximately $0.14 per Class A share, as of December 31, 2023. Our net tangible book value represents the amount of our total consolidated tangible assets (which is calculated by subtracting intangible assets from our total consolidated assets), less the amount of our total consolidated liabilities. Dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per share after giving effect to this offering.
After giving effect to the re-designation and re-classification of 21,395,400 authorized and issued and outstanding ordinary shares held by BIN XUE, GBUY GLOBAL LTD, and WEBUY TALENT LTD as 21,395,400 Class B ordinary shares, and our sale of up to 10,000,000 Class A Shares in this offering at an assumed fixed offering price of $0.29 per ordinary share, and after deducting estimated offering expenses, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2023 would have been approximately $7,082,119, or approximately $0.17 per ordinary share. This amount represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $0.05 per share to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $0.10 per share to purchasers of our Class A Shares in this offering, as illustrated in the following table.
| USD | ||||
| Fixed offering price per Class A share | $ | 0.29 | ||
| Historical net tangible book value per Class A share as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 0.14 | ||
| Pro forma net tangible book value per Class A share as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 0.17 | ||
| Pro forma as adjusted increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the investors in this offering | $ | 0.05 | ||
| Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per Class A share as of December 31, 2023 after giving effect to this offering | $ | 0.07 | ||
| Dilution per share to new investors participating in this offering | $ | 0.10 | ||
The dilution information discussed above is illustrative only and may change based on the actual public offering price and other terms of this offering.
A US$0.10 increase (decrease) in the fixed offering price of US$0.29 per Ordinary Share, which is the fixed offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase (decrease) the as adjusted net tangible book value per share by US0.02, and increase (decrease) dilution to new investors by US$0.10 per share, in each case assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated offering expenses payable by us.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION
AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information presented in “Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data” and our historical consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to historical information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements, such as statements regarding our expectation for future performance, liquidity and capital resources, that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such differences include those identified below and those described in “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” “Risk Factors” and “Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Information.” We assume no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements.
Overview
We are an emerging SEA community e-commerce retailor with a focus on grocery and travel. Our approach to electronic commerce (“e-commerce”) encompasses an extensive array of online commercial activities, including but not limited to, sales and purchases of products or services, supply chain management, electronic funds transfer, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange, inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.
At the core of our business model is a unique form of community e-commerce, which synergizes social media users with shared interests into powerful community groups across platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, WeChat, WhatsApp, Line, TikTok, and YouTube. This strategy leverages deep personal connections and the natural power of word-of-mouth, generating highly personalized and targeted insights. This enables us to reach and engage with our target audiences more effectively. Community groups are meticulously formed based on the geographic proximity of members and their online shopping behaviors, with a dedicated community leader driving group cohesion, managing events, and enhancing customer services.
In May 2022, leveraging our established community ties, we strategically diversified our offerings by introducing innovative travel services. This decision leveraged our existing community networks to the fullest. Not only did this diversification showcase our adaptive business model, but it also led to significant growth. The introduction of travel services marked a pivotal moment in our Company’s history of expansion.
Expanding on our recent progress, we officially introduced our Online-to-Offline (O2O) business model in October 2023, utilizing an advanced franchise system. This model represents a significant advancement in retail by integrating our digital capabilities that foster physical interactions and strong customer relationships, and offering distinctive value propositions. The O2O strategy goes beyond an expansion; it elevates the consumers’ e-commerce journey by weaving together our online community strength with offline experiences, as we continue to promote and implement our vision, which vision revolves around a consumer-centric retail environment anchored in trust, engagement, and exceptional service delivery.
Key Factors that Affect Operating Results
We believe the key factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations include the following:
Our Ability to Create Value for Our Users and Generate Revenue
Our ability to create value for our users and generate our revenues from customers is driven by the factors described below:
| ● | Number and volume of transactions completed by our customers for online orders via our Webuy mobile APP. Customers are attracted to our platform by the breadth of personalized deals and the interactive user experience within our community groups. The number and volume of transaction completed by our customers is affected by our ability to continue to enhance and expand our product offerings and improve the user experience. Our growth in revenue derived from online transactions depends on the number and volume of the transactions completed by our customers. We keep track of the number and volume by our in-house developed business intelligent system, which is capable to synchronize the real time statistical data to our backend dashboard. Transaction volume for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 were 811,335 and 1,002,542 orders, respectively. . The decrease of 191,207 or 19.07% in the transaction volume was caused by the scaling down of grocery sale business in the Singapore market due to low profit margin, |
| ● | Empowering data and technology. Our ability to engage our customers and empower our suppliers and their brands is affected by the breadth and depth of our data insights, such as the accuracy of our customers’ shopping preferences, and our technology capabilities and infrastructure, and our continued ability to develop scalable services and upgrade our platform user experience to adapt to the quickly evolving industry trends and customer preferences. |
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Our Investment in User Base, Technology, People, and Infrastructure
We have made and will continue to make investments in enhancing and upgrading our platform in order to attract customers and suppliers, enhance user experience and expand the capabilities and scope of our platform. We expect to continue to invest in our technology capabilities and infrastructure, which will lower our margins but deliver overall long-term growth.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Beginning with fiscal year 2023, we believe the regulatory measures in response to the pandemic will be relaxed and travel restrictions in most countries will be lifted. Although the COVID-19 pandemic impacted our operations during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, we have also benefited from the pandemic as follows:
| ● | usage of online technology has widened and become more common to the general public of various age groups, people prefer to go online and make purchases from the features Webuy mobile App offers; |
| ● | during the pandemic “lockdown” phases, our business operations have carried on without significant disruption as customers preferred to purchase groceries in a handier manner through online; and |
| ● | we have taken advantage of the push to digitalization transformation, by providing a platform and channel to meet users daily essential online shopping and payments. |
Inflation
We do not believe that inflation has had a material adverse effect on our business as of December 31, 2023, but we will continue to monitor the effects of inflation on our business in future periods.
Supply Chain Disruptions
Although there have been global supply chain disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic that may have affected the operations of some of our suppliers, these disruptions have not had a material adverse effect on our business as of December 31, 2023, but we will continue to monitor the effects of supply chain disruptions on our business in future periods.
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Results of Operations
The following table sets forth certain operational data for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| USD | USD | USD | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | 61,686,170 | $ | 44,560,418 | $ | 22,295,682 | ||||||
| Cost of revenues | (56,543,663 | ) | (40,808,849 | ) | (19,792,424 | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | 5,142,507 | 3,751,569 | 2,503,258 | |||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||
| Selling and distribution expenses | (2,562,980 | ) | (4,124,601 | ) | (4,314,001 | ) | ||||||
| General administrative expenses | (7,732,833 | ) | (5,730,142 | ) | (4,423,191 | ) | ||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | (1,266,890 | ) | (1,973,454 | ) | |||||||
| Loss from operations | (5,153,306 | ) | (7,370,064 | ) | (8,207,388 | ) | ||||||
| Other (expense) income | ||||||||||||
| Other income | 284,992 | 127,229 | 66,226 | |||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | — | 825,153 | — | |||||||||
| Finance costs | (294,140 | ) | (283,521 | ) | (25,992 | ) | ||||||
| Total other (expense) income, net | (9,148 | ) | 668,861 | 40,234 | ||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (5,162,454 | ) | (6,701,203 | ) | (8,167,154 | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes | — | — | — | |||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (5,162,454 | ) | $ | (6,701,203 | ) | $ | (8,167,154 | ) | |||
Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2023 and 2022
Revenues
For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 we derived our revenues primarily from the sale of groceries through our online platform, the Webuy App and the sale of packaged tour. Our breakdown of revenues in terms revenue stream and geographical locations for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is summarized below:
| Years Ended December 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | % | 2022 | % | (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| USD | USD | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sales of groceries – Singapore | $ | 10,848,938 | 17.6 | $ | 18,352,415 | 41.2 | (40.9 | ) | ||||||||||||
| Sales of groceries – Indonesia | 36,176,148 | 58.6 | 19,541,277 | 43.9 | 85.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Sales of groceries – Malaysia | — | — | 232,441 | 0.5 | (100 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Packaged-tour – Singapore | 14,661,084 | 23.8 | 6,434,285 | 14.4 | 127.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Total revenues | $ | 61,686,170 | 100.0 | $ | 44,560,418 | 100.0 | 38.4 | |||||||||||||
Total revenue increased by approximately $17.13 million or 38.4% to approximately $61.69 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 from approximately $44.56 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The revenue growth was primarily driven by the increase in sales of groceries in the Indonesia market and the increasing demand for our tour packages we offered in Singapore.
We did not generate any revenue from our Malaysian market due to the disposal and sale of our Malaysian subsidiary to an unrelated party on July 27, 2022.
Our strategy of introducing new travel services has proved highly effective, evidenced by a remarkable 127.9% surge in revenue. In 2022, we generated approximately $6.43 million from our existing services in Singapore. Building on this achievement, in 2023, our foray into new travel services propelled revenues to approximately $14.66 million, highlighting the extraordinary growth driven by the strength of our strategy.
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Besides, the remarkable growth in sales of groceries in Indonesia, evidenced by an increase of $16.9 million from the previous year, can be attributed primarily to a significant influx of offline bulk purchase orders. This surge underscores the escalating demand for our offerings within the region, highlighting our products’ appeal and the effectiveness of our distribution strategies. The robust increase not only showcases our strong market presence but also aligns with our strategic focus on expanding our footprint and enhancing supply chain efficiencies to cater to the burgeoning needs of the market.
Cost of revenues
Cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $56.54 million and $40.81 million, respectively, representing a significant increase of 38.54% as a results of increased groceries sales in Indonesia, as well as cost of revenues incurred from our packaged-tour business. The increase in cost of revenues was in line with the increase in revenue. Our cost of revenues consists primarily of changes in inventory, direct labor costs (including salaries and benefits) for employees, sub-contractor fees associated with warehouse operations and packing and handling for grocery sales, including freight and delivery charges, costs for transacting with the principal service providers such as airlines and hotels for our new packaged-tour business and cost incurred for our new franchising business in Indonesia. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we imported large quantities of fresh produce to Indonesia, resulting in a significant increase in shipping costs.
Our breakdown of cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, is summarized below:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| USD | USD | |||||||
| Changes in inventory | $ | 42,581,856 | $ | 34,174,347 | ||||
| Direct labor | 417,734 | 402,980 | ||||||
| Packing and handling | 249,453 | 439,672 | ||||||
| Direct costs for packaged-tour | 13,294,620 | 5,791,850 | ||||||
| Total costs of revenue | 56,543,663 | 40,808,849 | ||||||
Gross profit
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2023 amounted to approximately $5.14 million as compared to gross profit of approximately $3.75 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Gross profit margin was approximately 8.34% and 8.42% for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Although our gross profit margin from our grocery business decreased, which was mainly due to the increased cost of groceries coupled with sales markdown offered by us, which resulted in a lower percentage gross margin as our strategy of providing competitive discounts to attract more users to sign up with our platform, our gross profit margin from our travel business has offset such a decrease to maintain a stable gross margin. Apart from growing our travel business, we also aim to grow our Indonesian market to achieve economies of scale by increasing our grocery sales and lowering costs to improve our profitability.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses and share-based compensation.
Selling and distribution expenses
Selling and distribution expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to approximately $2.56 million and $4.12 million, respectively, representing a decrease of approximately $1.56 million or 37.86%.
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The decrease was mainly due to the reduction on marketing and promotion expenses during the year ended December 31, 2023. We started the Webuy mobile platform promotion campaign in fiscal year 2021 which successfully attracted a satisfactory number of community leaders and customers to sign up as our members. From 2022 onwards, we were able to reduce the same expenses while maintaining a steady growth in new membership, and thus we further reduced our marketing and promotion expenses in 2023. In addition, there was a decrease in sales commissions paid to Group Leaders of approximately $1.29 million and a decrease in order fulfilment and distribution related fees of approximately $1.00 million for the year ended December 31, 2023 which was in line with the decrease in transaction volume. These decreases were offset by an increase in selling and distribution expenses relating to our new packaged-tour business of approximately $0.69 million.
General and administrative expenses
General administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 amounted to approximately $7.73 million and $5.73 million, respectively, representing an increase of approximately $2.00 million or 35.0%. The increase was mainly due to the increase in staff costs of approximately $0.92 million as we increased our headcount to expand our business in Indonesia, an increase in amortization of intangible assets of approximately $0.36 million as we acquired certain software and application development system in 2023, an increase in depreciation of right of use asset of approximately $0.69 million was mainly attributable to the new lease that we entered on February 28, 2023 for a four-story office and warehouse facility in Singapore.
Share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expenses amounted to approximately $1.27 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
No shares were granted nor issued during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Other (Expense) Income, net
Other (expense) income amounted to approximately $(0.00) million for the year ended December 31, 2023, compared with approximately $0.67 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. Other (expense) income mainly comprised of (1) government grants of approximately $0.05 and $0.16 million that we received during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease in government grants received of approximately $0.11 million mainly due to governments had ceased their subsidies in 2023 when Covid-19 pandemic came to an end; (2) the recorded gain of approximately $0.83 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from disposing our two subsidiaries, namely Beijing Youmeng IT Co., Ltd on June 29, 2022 and Webuy Sdn Bhd on July 27, 2022. We did not have this gain in 2023.
Income Tax Expense
We conducted our businesses in Singapore and Indonesia and are subject to tax in these jurisdictions. As a result of its business activities, we file separate tax returns in these countries that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.
No provision for income tax expenses as we did not have taxable profits for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Net Loss
During the year ended December 31, 2023, we incurred a net loss of approximately $5.16 million, as compared to approximately $6.70 million for the year ended December 31, 2022. The decrease in net loss is primarily attributable to our increase in revenue and our successful cost-control measures on the operating expenses.
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Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2022 and 2021
Revenues
For the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 we derived our revenues from the sales of groceries through our online platform, the Webuy App and from our new business of selling packaged tour which began in 2022. Our breakdown of revenues in terms of geographical locations for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, is summarized below:
| Years Ended December 31, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | % | 2021 | % | (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| USD | USD | |||||||||||||||||||
| Singapore | $ | 24,786,700 | 55.6 | $ | 18,208,294 | 81.7 | 36.1 | |||||||||||||
| Indonesia | 19,541,277 | 43.9 | 3,647,873 | 16.4 | 435.7 | |||||||||||||||
| Malaysia | 232,441 | 0.5 | 439,515 | 1.9 | (47.1 | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 44,560,418 | 100.0 | $ | 22,295,682 | 100.0 | 99.9 | |||||||||||||
Total revenue increased by approximately $22.26 million or 99.9% to approximately $44.56 million for the year ended December 31, 2022 from approximately $22.30 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was mainly attributable to the growth of our groceries sales in Singapore as well as the exponential growth of groceries sales in Indonesia ever since our successful entry into the market in 2020. Notably, the introduction of our community-centric business model into the Indonesian market has allowed us to anticipate substantial future growth given the extremely large market size and the evolving purchase behavior in the Indonesian market. The decline of revenue in Malaysia was due to our decision to scale down its business, and the Malaysian subsidiary was eventually disposed of and sold to an unrelated party on July 27, 2022. In addition, we started a new business in Singapore for selling packaged-tour to customers in January 2022, revenues generated from this new business was approximately $6.43 million, representing 14.4% of our total revenue.
Cost of revenues
Cost of revenue for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was approximately $40.81 million and $19.79 million, respectively, representing a significant increase of 106.2% as a results of increased groceries sales both in Singapore and Indonesia, as well as cost of revenues incurred from our new business for selling packaged-tour. Our cost of revenues consists primarily of changes in inventory, direct labor costs (including salaries and benefits) for employees and sub-contractor fees associated with warehouse operations, packing and handling, and rental of storage place.
Our breakdown of cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, is summarized below:
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| USD | USD | |||||||
| Changes in inventory | $ | 34,174,347 | $ | 19,170,170 | ||||
| Direct labor | 402,980 | 144,801 | ||||||
| Packing and handling | 439,672 | 477,453 | ||||||
| Direct costs for packaged-tour | 5,791,850 | — | ||||||
| Total costs of revenue | 40,808,849 | 19,792,424 | ||||||
Gross profit
Gross profit for the year ended December 31, 2022 amounted to approximately $3.75 million as compared to gross profit of approximately $2.50 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Gross profit margin was approximately 8.4% and 11.2% for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in gross profit margin was mainly due to increased cost of groceries coupled with sales markdown offered by us especially to our Indonesia market which resulted in lower percentage gross margin as our strategy of providing competitive discount to attract more users to sign up with our platform. During the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, our gross profit margin was 13.2% and 2.6% for Singapore market and Indonesia market, respectively.
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Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses and share-based compensation.
Sales and marketing expenses
Selling and marketing expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 amounted to approximately $4.12 million and $4.31 million, respectively, representing a decrease of approximately $0.19 million or 4.4%.
We incurred significant marketing and promotion expenses during the year ended December 31, 2021 to promote our Webuy platform which eventually attracted a satisfactory number of community leaders and customers to sign up as our members. As a result of the successful promotion campaign in fiscal year 2021, we were able to reduce the same expenses to attract new community leaders and customers during the year ended December 31, 2022.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 amounted to approximately $5.73 million and $4.42 million, respectively, representing an increase of approximately $1.31 million or 29.5%. The increase was mainly due to an increase in amortization of intangible assets, depreciation of leasehold improvements and equipment, office expenses, professional fees related to our Nasdaq initial public offering (“IPO”) application, recruitment expenses, and travelling expenses.
Share-based compensation expenses
Share-based compensation expenses amounted to approximately $1.27 million and $1.97 million for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. On January 1, 2021, we granted 1,642 restricted share units amounting to approximately $3.24 million to employees, with a vesting period of twenty months, these shares were fully vested in August 2022.
Other Income, net
Other income amounted to approximately $0.67 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, compared with approximately $0.04 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase was mainly attributable to the increase in government grants, a gain from disposal of subsidiaries and offset by the increase in the finance costs incurred. For the year ended December 31, 2022, we received government grant of approximately $0.16 million, and we recorded a gain amounting approximately $0.83 million from disposing our two subsidiaries, namely Beijing Youmeng IT Co., Ltd on June 29, 2022 and Webuy Sdn Bhd on July 27, 2022. This other income was offset by the finance costs of approximately $0.28 million. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the government grant we received was approximately $0.06 million and the finance costs incurred was approximately $0.03 million. Increased in finance cost in fiscal year 2022 was due to the increase in loans borrowed from third parties, total loans payable was approximately $2.08 million as of December 31, 2022, compared with approximately $1.03 million as of December 31, 2021.
Income Tax Expense
Our income tax expenses for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $nil and $nil, respectively.
Net Loss
During the year ended December 31, 2022, we incurred a net loss of approximately $6.70 million, as compared to approximately $8.17 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The decrease in net loss is primarily attributable to our successful cost-control measures on the operating expenses, which the total operating expenses increased slightly by 3.8% whereas our gross profit increased by 49.9%. In addition, the increase in other income resulted in the reduction of our net loss incurred in fiscal year 2022.
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Inflation
Our operating results for 2023 were negatively affected by the recent inflationary cost pressures. The higher operating costs including higher wage rates impact the profitability of our business. We will develop operational strategies to mitigate the inflation which involve a combination of cost-cutting measures and adjustments to pricing.
Foreign Currency Fluctuations
Interest Rate Risk
We are exposed to interest rate risk while we have short-term bank loans outstanding. Although interest rates for our short-term loans are typically fixed for the terms of the loans, the terms are typically twelve months and interest rates are subject to change upon renewal.
Credit Risk
Credit risk is controlled by the application of credit approvals, limits and monitoring procedures. We manage credit risk through in-house research and analysis of the relevant economy and the underlying obligors and transaction structures. We identify credit risk collectively based on industry, geography and customer type. In measuring the credit risk of our sales to our customers, we mainly reflect the “probability of default” by the customer on its contractual obligations and consider the current financial position of the customer and the current and likely future exposures to the customer.
Liquidity Risk
We are also exposed to liquidity risk, which is risk that we will be unable to provide sufficient capital resources and liquidity to meet our commitments and business needs. Liquidity risk is controlled by the application of financial position analysis and monitoring procedures. When necessary, we will turn to financial institutions and related parties to obtain short-term funding to cover any liquidity shortage.
Foreign Exchange Risk
Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, and almost all of our consolidated revenues and consolidated costs and expenses.
Critical Accounting Policies
We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606) for all periods presented. The core principle underlying the revenue recognition of this ASU allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.
To achieve that core principle, we apply five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires that we (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources.
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s operating losses raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In assessing the going concern, management and the Board has considered the following:
| ● | Management expects to see improved cash flows including liquidity and borrowings from future fund-raising activities. The Company’s principal uses of cash have been, and management expects will continue to be, for working capital to support a reasonable increase in our scale of operations as well as for business expansion investments. |
No assurance can be provided that these additional financings will be available on acceptable terms or at all. If management is unable to execute this plan, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Company will be able to continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.
The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | (7,160,538 | ) | (4,117,551 | ) | (3,994,972 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (4,588,659 | ) | (1,139,058 | ) | (615,768 | ) | ||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 15,529,005 | 5,351,984 | 968,940 | |||||||||
| Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 3,779,808 | 95,375 | (3,641,800 | ) | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on balance of cash held in foreign currencies | 59,576 | (80,259 | ) | (74,893 | ) | |||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year | 1,554,464 | 1,539,348 | 5,256,041 | |||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year | $ | 5,393,848 | $ | 1,554,464 | $ | 1,539,348 | ||||||
Cash used in operating activities
For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in operating activities amounted to approximately $7.16 million primarily resulting from the net loss of approximately $5.16 million, adjusted for non-cash items and changes in working capital. Adjustments for non-cash items consist of the expense items for amortization of intangible assets to approximately $0.59 million, depreciation of leasehold improvements and equipment and right of use assets of approximately $0.74 million, provision for expected credit loss on accounts receivable of $0.52 million and the non-cash lease costs of approximately $0.13 million. Changes in working capital included decrease in inventories of approximately $0.37 million, increase in accounts receivables of approximately $8.11 million, increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of approximately $4.78 million, a decrease in operating lease liability of approximately $0.30 million, increase in accounts payable of approximately $5.56 million, increase in deferred revenue of approximately $0.82 million, increase in other current liabilities of approximately $2.46 million..
For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in operating activities amounted to approximately $4.12 million primarily resulted from the net loss of approximately $6.70 million adjusted for non-cash items and changes in working capital. Adjustments for non-cash items consists of the expenses items for amortization of intangible assets to approximately $0.31 million, depreciation of leasehold improvements and equipment to approximately $0.12 million, non-cash lease costs to approximately $0.19 million, impairment losses of other assets of approximately $0.04 million and share-based compensation of approximately $1.27 million, offset with the income items for gain on disposal of subsidiaries of approximately $0.83 million. Changes in working capital mainly included increase in inventories of approximately $0.39 million, increase in accounts receivables of approximately $2.63 million, increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of approximately $0.08 million, decrease in operating lease liabilities of approximately $0.18 million, increase in accounts payable of approximately $3.69 million, increase in deferred revenue of approximately $0.66 million, increase in other current liabilities of approximately $0.42 million and decrease in amount due from/to related parties of approximately $0.02 million.
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For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in operating activities amounted to approximately $3.99 million primarily resulting from the net loss of approximately $8.17 million adjusted for non-cash items and changes in working capital. Adjustments for non-cash items consists of amortization of intangible assets to approximately $0.09 million, depreciation of leasehold improvements and equipment to approximately $0.09 million, non-cash lease costs to approximately $0.25 million and share-based compensation of approximately $1.97 million. Changes in working capital mainly included increase in inventories of approximately $0.38 million, increase in prepaid expenses and other assets of approximately $0.05 million, decrease in operating lease liabilities of approximately $0.23 million, increase in accounts payable of approximately $1.08 million, increase in other current liabilities of approximately $0.81 million and increase in amount due from/to related parties of approximately $0.06 million.
Cash used in investing activities
For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities amounted to approximately $4.59 million due to the purchase of leasehold improvements and equipment of approximately $0.70 million; the purchase of intangible assets of approximately $0.89 million and the purchase of a promissory note of $3.0 million from a third party, which the note receivable balance has been fully collected in January 2024.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash used in investing activities amounted to approximately $1.14 million, which consisted of the purchase of leasehold improvements and equipment and intangible assets amounting to approximately $0.29 million and approximately $0.85 million, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash used in investing activities amounted to approximately $0.62 million, which mainly consisted of the purchase of leasehold improvements and equipment and intangible assets.
Cash provided by financing activities
For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities amounted to approximately $15.53 million which primarily consisted of IPO proceeds of approximately $15.54 million and proceeds from the convertible notes of approximately $1.49 million, partially offset by repayment of loan payables of approximately $1.50 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2022, net cash provided by financing activities amounted to approximately $5.35 million which primarily consisted of proceeds from convertibles bonds of approximately $3.33 million, proceeds from the SAFE Notes of $0.75 million and proceeds from term loan payables of approximately $1.92 million, partially offset by repayment of loan payables of approximately $0.95 million.
For the year ended December 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities amounted to approximately $0.97 million which primarily consisted of proceeds from term loan payables of approximately $1.00 million partially offset by repayment of loan payables of approximately $0.04 million.
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CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE
History and Development of the Company
We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on August 29, 2022.
On August 29, 2022, and in connection with the NRI Share Swap Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the issued shares of New Retail (being 16,644 shares comprising (a) 8,202 ordinary shares denominated in SGD, (b) 3,440 preference shares denominated in SGD, and (c) 5,002 preference shares denominated in USD through the Share Swap. Following the Share Swap, New Retail became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the former shareholders, holders of warrants, convertible notes and the SAFE of New Retail immediately prior to the Share Swap hold 100% of the equity interests of the Company prior to the Company’s initial public offering. As a result of the share forward split, the effective number of ordinary shares of Webuy became 43,274,400.
Extraordinary General Meeting
On March 8, 2024, the Company held an extraordinary general meeting (the “EGM”) of shareholders of the Company and effected amendments to its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, under which the authorized share capital of the Company, which was US$100,100 divided into 260,000,000,000 ordinary shares, of a par value of US$0.000000385 each, was redesignated into (a) 259,950,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and (b) 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, among which the 21,395,400 authorized and issued and outstanding ordinary shares held by BIN XUE, GBUY GLOBAL LTD, and WEBUY TALENT LTD were re-designated and re-classified as 21,395,400 class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.000000385 each.
Organization Structure
The following is a list of our subsidiaries as of the date of this prospectus.
| Subsidiaries | Place of Incorporation | Incorporation Date | Percentage Ownership | Parent Company | ||||
| New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | November 23, 2018 | 100% | WEBUY GLOBAL LTD | ||||
| The Shopaholic Bear Ltd. | Singapore | April 6, 2021 | 100% | New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | ||||
| Bear & Bear Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | November 2, 2021 | 100% | New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | ||||
| PT Webuy Social Indonesia | Indonesia | May 5, 2020 | 95% | New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | ||||
| Webuy Travel Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | November 15, 2022 | 100% | New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | ||||
| PT Buah Kita Retail | Indonesia | October 23, 2023 | 100% | PT Webuy Social Indonesia | ||||
| PT Webuy Travel Indonesia | Indonesia | October 23, 2023 | 70% | PT Webuy Social Indonesia | ||||
| Webuy Advisory Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | February 2, 2024 | 100% | New Retail International Pte. Ltd. |
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The chart below sets out our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus.
Corporate Headquarters
Our principal executive offices are located at 35 Tampines Street 92 Singapore 528880. Our telephone number is +65 8859 9762. Our website address is webuysg.com. Information on our website does not constitute part of this prospectus. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands.
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INDUSTRY
All the information and data presented in this section have been derived from reports by Frost & Sullivan and government official public announcement platform, unless otherwise noted. The following discussion includes projections for future growth, which may not occur at the rates that are projected or at all.
Overview of Macroeconomic Environment in Southeast Asia
Nominal GDP and Growth Rate
According to International Monetary Fund (“IMF”), the nominal gross domestic product (“GDP”) per capita in Southeast Asia has increased from approximately US$2,646.2 billion to US$3,361 billion from 2016 to 2021, representing a CAGR of 4.9%. The nominal GDP per capita has decreased by 4.2% in 2020 because of the disruption to economic activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The expected nominal GDP between 2022 and 2026 is approximately 7.6%, reaching to approximately US$4,892.8 billion by 2026. It is expected that the economy will recover in the next years with the alleviation of the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to IMF, the nominal GDP per capita in Southeast Asia has increased from approximately US$4,164.7 to US$5,035.7 from 2016 to 2021, representing a CAGR of 3.9%. The nominal GDP per capita has decreased by 5.7% in 2020 because of the disruption to economic activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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It is expected the nominal GDP per capita will recover at a CAGR of 6.7% from 2022 to 2026 onwards and reach US$7,014.8 by 2026 given the alleviation of the COVID-19 pandemic and commencement of the COVID-19 vaccination program since 2021.
Total Population and Growth Rate
According to IMF, the population growth in Southeast Asia remained slow from approximately 635.2 million in 2016 to approximately 667.4 million in 2021, representing a CAGR of approximately 1.0%. The population growth is expected to reach approximately 697.5 million by the end of 2026, representing a CAGR of 0.9% from 2022 to 2026.
Internet Users and Growth Rate
The internet users in Southeast Asia have increased from 315.6 million to 483.8 million with a CAGR of 8.9% from 2016 to 2022. In 2020, the internet users have increased by 8.0% as Southeast Asia demonstrated strong resilience in the face of the pandemic when people turned to the internet to meet everyday needs with a new lifestyle online.
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Moreover, the increasing internet penetration rate in 2020 has helped Southeast Asia’s small and medium-enterprises get through the pandemic. After proving resilient in 2020, Southeast Asia’s internet is expected to continue to grow in the future by reaching 602.3 in 2026 with a CAGR of 4.3% from 2022 to 2026.
Overview of Community E-commerce Market in Southeast Asia
Internet Users and Growth Rate in Singapore
In 2021, 5.29 million people were accessing the internet in Singapore. This figure is projected to grow even further in the next few years, driven by the rising popularity of smart phones in Singapore. The number of internet users in Singapore is expected to rise at a CAGR of 1.7% from 2022 to 2026.
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Internet Users and Growth Rate in Indonesia
In 2021, approximately 201.37 million people were accessing the internet in Indonesia. This figure is expected to grow to about 239.03 million by 2026. Indonesia is the biggest online market in Southeast Asia.
Overview of Community E-commerce Market in Southeast Asia
Definition and Classification
Electronic commerce (“e-commerce”) refers to a business or commercial transaction that involves the sale and purchase of products or services over the Internet. It involves the entire scope of online transactions from the sellers to buyers, including supply chain management, electronic funds transfer, internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange, inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems, and others.
Community e-commerce is a form of e-commerce, where social media users with mutual interest and like-minded online behavior are connected, forming a community group within a network through online medium such as social media platforms and communication software including but not limited to Facebook, Instagram, WeChat, WhatsApp, Line, Tiktok or Youtube. It leverages personal interaction and word-of-mouth marketing to create personalized and targeted valuable insights to reach targeted audiences and potential customers. Such networks are generally formed according to the similarity of the members of a group including (i) location proximity amongst social media users in a group; and (ii) online shopping preference and behavior. Besides, a community leader is usually deployed in the community group undertaking responsibilities such as group management, event management and customer services.
Core Competitiveness of Community E-Commerce
| 1. | Timely response and dedicated customer services: Leveraging the feature of instant communication on social media and communication platform, users are able to reflect promptly the concerns and doubts on the products and orders to the store to attain highly engaging interaction. |
| 2. | Personalization and customization: Under community e-commerce model, community leader and merchants ensures customers are able to go through the purchase funnel in either and across channels according to their needs, requirement and preference in a personalized and customized manner, hence elevating the convenience of purchasing and overall consumer journey. |
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| 3. | User-to-user Interaction: Users within the community platform forms interaction through the frequent recommendation of products and sharing of product tips, specifications and evaluation, which potentially translate to positive influences converting user’s awareness to purchase and brand loyalty. |
Value Chain Analysis
The upstream in the value chain of the digital advertising industry consists of merchants that would like to promote their products or services through community e-commerce service providers. As merchants increasingly realize the potential of community e-commerce, they become more willing to spend their marketing budget on such campaigns in recent years. Global brands usually form a partnership with multinational agencies to support the brand’s marketing campaigns and sales channel globally. However, in order to market themselves to the local market effectively, it is common for brands to acquire community e-commerce due to their market know-how on local dynamics and specialized communication knowledge.
The midstream players include community e-commerce service providers, they are the administrator of the community group delegating community host and leaders into managing customer needs in each niche group, forming alliances with merchants and act as retailer to create, aggregate and promote products to reach downstream consumers. Midstream community hosts can also be upstream merchants, controlling the upstream and midstream activities. The community group interaction mostly takes place on social media platforms or communication platforms. In addition, payment, logistics and warehousing agencies handle the transportation and payment of goods to downstream customers.
Downstream customers are internet users that are active users of social media and communication platform. Within the community, people share similar interest or are of close location proximity with each other, where word-of-mouth marketing is adopted.
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Market Size of E-commerce Industry
In 2021, the number of internet users in the Southeast Asia countries has exceeded 420 million, as compared to 250 million in 2016. Attributable to rapid economic development, increasing internet penetration rate as well as the COVID-19 pandemic which entailed the implementation of various pandemic prevention and control policies such as social distancing and quarantine measures which subsequently prompted citizens to switch from brick-and-mortar purchase to e-commerce platform purchase, have collectively propelled the development of the e-commerce industry in the region. The market size of e-commerce industry in the Southeast Asia has increased from approximately US$9.3 billion to approximately US$82.0 billion from 2016 to 2021, representing a CAGR of approximately 54.5%. The thriving development of leading e-commerce platforms such as Bukalapak and Tokopedia in Indonesia, Qoo10 in Singapore, Lelong in Malaysia, Tiki and Sendo in Vietnam and PowerBuy and HomePro in Thailand, serves as impetus to the continuous development of the e-commerce industry. Going forward, the market size of e-commerce industry in the Southeast Asia is expected to attain approximately US$234.5 billion in 2026, representing a CAGR of approximately 19.9%.
Market Size of Community E-commerce
The popularity of community e-commerce in Southeast Asia has been accelerated by high rates of mobile internet penetration, a mobile-first generation that spends a lot of time on social media, and high engagement. Southeast Asians have a strong desire to belong in a community, and building relationships with residents in the same community is more important to them. The market size of community e-commerce increased from US$225.0 million in 2016 to US$4,030.0 million in 2021, at a CAGR of 78.1%.
While Southeast Asians appreciate the value of their traditionally collectivist society, the community e-commerce model leverages community leaders’ connections to generate sales by marketing directly to their friends and family. The market size of community e-commerce in Southeast Asia is expected to reach US$15,503.0 million in 2026, at a CAGR of 31.5% from 2022 to 2026.
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Market Size of Community E-commerce in Singapore
The community e-commerce industry in Singapore is expected to grow steadily over the forecast period, recording a CAGR of 26.8% during 2022 to 2026. The community e-commerce in Singapore is expected to increase from US$332.8 million in 2022 to reach US$859.4 million by 2026.
With the social media platforms and channels offering an avenue for buyers to interact, a shift is taking place towards organized commerce on these platforms and channels in Singapore. Discovery, browsing, and purchasing on the same community is the rising trend.
Market Drivers
Growing consumer spending and thriving economic circumstances
The Southeast Asia’s economy is expanding gradually, and the evolving consumer-driven economy has fueled the region’s digital advertising market. Between 2016 and 2021, Southeast Asia’s nominal GDP grew steadily, from around US$2,598.6 billion to over US$3,125.9 billion, recording a CAGR of approximately 3.8%. According to the Frost & Sullivan report, with continuous urbanization and expedite economic development, the nominal GDP in the region is expected to attain an even higher CAGR of 6.8% between 2022 to 2026, which has contributed to an on-going elevation on consumer spending on a variety of goods and services to improve living standards. With the on-going advancement on internet infrastructure and the elevated convenience of shopping online, it is expected the rising consumption power would contribute to the growth of e-commerce platforms including community e-commerce.
Supportive policies in promoting online eco-system
During 2021, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (“ASEAN”) entered into the ASEAN Agreement on Electronic Commerce, which has established common principles and rules to promote the growth of e-commerce in the region and to strengthen capacity to implement the corresponding policies. This agreement is intended to facilitate cross-border e-commerce transactions in the region and to establish a favorable environment for e-commerce development. Each member state will cooperate in areas such as information technology infrastructure, electronic payment, and settlement and trade facilitation. The favorable policy underpins the landscape of online platforms, thereby propelling the community e-commerce industry.
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Digital transformation
Southeast Asia has been undergoing significant digital transformation during the past few years. In particular, the prevalence of smartphones has boosted the development of the industry. As indicated by the Frost & Sullivan report, there were more than 480 million Internet users in Southeast Asia in 2021, and major economies including Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia have all had internet penetration rates of more than 80%, which is a robust progress from 2016. Internet users are more exposed to online marketing advertisements, augmenting to the usage and reach of the community e-commerce. Besides, the well-developed application of communication and social media platform in the region provide the foundation for users to interact. In turn, the growing number of internet users shall translate into a greater consumer base to community e-commerce platforms.
Rapid development of analytic tools to be deployed during operation
With the growing maturity of software technology, such as cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence community e-commerce service providers are able to generate in-depth insights and execution plans in acquiring potential customers and translate their salience on products into trial, purchase and product loyalty. The machine learning capabilities of advanced systems are able to track customers’ information, such as their demographics, locations, purchasing patterns, and preferences, analyze the information collected, and recommend related content to the end customers. Community e-commerce service providers can differentiate their core competence and precisely shape their strategies accordingly to deliver optimized results.
Market Trend
Growth of Group Leader Marketing
Group Leader marketing has witnessed a growing trend in recent years as more consumers are taking cues from social media about what and where to buy, and Group Leaders are therefore wielding significant influence over customers’ spending behavior. These Group Leaders can utilize their influence to participate in community e-commerce and quickly build relationships, trust and credibility with their fans, followers and friends that respect and value their content and recommendations. Community e-commerce service providers can leverage the latest trend and connect and engage a Group Leader in building a powerful relationship to reach their target audience and further expand their business.
Increasing varieties of marketing, such as content marketing and live streaming
Owing to the growing popularity of social media and communication platforms in Southeast Asia, new marketing strategies are being formulated and implemented to attract, engage, and retain an audience. For instance, content marketing is adopted by creating and sharing relevant articles, videos, podcasts, and other media, and has become increasingly prevalent for community e-commerce providers to engage downstream customers effectively with close engagement and interaction. Moreover, live streaming, which involves a provision of real time customer service and product introduction and promotion session, involves key opinion consumers and is considered increasingly conducive to reach target consumers.
Accelerated network development in augmenting user experience
A 5G network facilitates mobile and computer data processing and exchange at a higher speed, which results in reduction of advertisement-loading times and advertisement delays on mobile devices. Further, the 5G network also promotes the deployment of more appealing advertisements, such as 4K video with higher frame rate, to enhance the promotional effectiveness of mobile advertisement. For community service providers, a continuously improving network offers the opportunity for service providers to enhance value and effectiveness of the content created and serve as a pivotal medium in attracting and retaining existing and potential customers.
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BUSINESS
Overview
We are an emerging Southeast Asian (“SEA”) community-oriented e-commerce retailor (“Community e-Commerce Retailor”) with a focus on grocery and travel. Electronic commerce (“e-commerce”) refers to a commercial transaction that involves the sale and purchase of products or services over the Internet. It involves the entire scope of online transactions from the sellers to buyers, including supply chain management, electronic funds transfer, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange, inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems, and others. Community e-commerce is a form of e-commerce, where social media users with mutual interest and like-minded online behavior are connected, forming a community group within a network through online medium such as social media platforms and communication software including but not limited to Facebook, Instagram, WeChat, WhatsApp, Line, Tiktok or Youtube. It leverages personal interaction and word-of-mouth marketing to create personalized and targeted valuable insights to reach targeted audiences and potential customers. Such networks are generally formed according to the similarity of the members of a group including (i) location proximity amongst social media users in a group; and (ii) online shopping preference and behavior. Besides, a community leader is usually deployed in the community group undertaking responsibilities such as group management, event management and customer services.
Expanding on our recent progress, we officially introduced our Online-to-Offline (O2O) business model in October 2023, utilizing an advanced franchise system. This model represents a significant advancement in retail by integrating our digital capabilities that foster physical interactions and strong customer relationships, and offering distinctive value propositions. The O2O strategy goes beyond an expansion; it elevates the consumers’ e-commerce journey by weaving together our online community strength with offline experiences, as we continue to promote and implement our vision, which vision revolves around a consumer-centric retail environment anchored in trust, engagement, and exceptional service delivery.
We have achieved significant sales and growth since our inception. Despite an increase in revenue due to our growth in business activities, we incurred a net loss of $5,162,454 for the year ended December 31, 2023, and $6,701,203 for the year ended December 31, 2022. This was primarily due to a decrease in our operating expenses, which partially offset the gains from increased revenue. Moving forward, we are committed to managing our expenses effectively and continuing to grow our business in a sustainable and profitable manner. As discussed further in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis — Liquidity and Capital Resources,” our auditors have issued an opinion that there is a substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. There is no assurance that we will be able to obtain further funds required for our continued operations or that additional financing will be available for use when needed or, if available, that it can be obtained on commercially reasonable terms. If we are not able to obtain the additional financing on a timely basis, we will not be able to meet our other obligations as they become due and we will be forced to scale down or perhaps even cease our operations.
Our mission is to make social shopping a new lifestyle for consumers and to empower consumers’ purchases with an efficient cost-saving purchasing model. We are committed to developing a community-oriented e-commerce community platform in the Southeast Asia region and transforming the e-commerce model into a community-driven experience for consumers.
We believe that our ‘group buy’ business model has transformed conventional shopping avenues, as we are able to achieve attractive efficient cost-savings for our customers to enjoy (which are cost savings similar to that enjoyed as a group purchase and bulk order), without having to undertake bulk purchases individually, through a community-centric approach. We believe that this model allows us to offer competitive prices for our customers, which enables us to be a more attractive shopping platform as compared to our competitors. Our business model has also disrupted the traditional supply chain by cutting out intermediaries to provide a “farm-to-table” supply model. This brings about cost savings to both last-mile suppliers as well as end consumers.
We attribute the success of our community-based business model to our low customer acquisition costs (CAC) and high customer retention rates. We consciously build our services around the needs and trends of the local community so as to achieve low customer acquisition costs and high customer retention rates. This is done through our multi-pronged community-centric business model, where group leaders within each community (“Group Leaders”) would be responsible for a group of customers within a geographical location. Group Leaders, who are also our customers, are incentivized with commission rates paid by us, assist us in our customer acquisitions through offline roadshows where they are provided Webuy marketing tools, such as standees as well as free gifts for online and offline giveaways to engage and onboard new customers. Within their respective communities, Group Leaders are also responsible for consolidating orders towards a bulk purchase. We conduct our “group buy” purchases through both our Webuy mobile application, as well as through various social networking channels, such as WhatsApp, WeChat as well as our in-app chat. In each instance, a Group Leader will be assigned to each community group, based on the geographical location.
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The core of our business centers around building a strong community network; our community-based platform enables Group Leaders and customers to engage in interactive shopping experience. By continuing to build a strong customer base and customer loyalty, we are able to transition into other product and service offerings such as travel packages, food delivery services and e-vouchers by leveraging the existing trust and familiarity with our brand.
Our Competitive Strengths
We believe that the following strengths have helped us triumph over our competitors:
A. Strong eco-system of supply chain and distribution capabilities
Integration of upstream and downstream supply chain/retail system
Our business model aims to bring about greater efficiency to the supply chain process through the elimination of intermediaries in the traditional supply chain. This allows us to bring about cost savings to both last-mile suppliers as well as end consumers. We have developed robust supply chain capabilities that empower us to offer competitive prices to our franchisees. This, in turn, enables our franchise partners to deliver products to consumers at attractive and cost-effective rates, enhancing our competitiveness.
Driven by our mission of empowering our consumer’s purchases, we have established an eco-system for community purchases, where we source for the products and suppliers, have control over the sale and purchase process, and have established our own warehouse and logistic solutions. We have also successfully integrated the upstream to downstream supply chain by sourcing directly from, amongst others, farms in provinces of the People’s Republic of China (“China”), such as Sichuan and Yunnan. Our team is cognizant of the importance of secure and steady supplies and are constantly working to expand our network of suppliers in China.
In doing so, our ecosystem connects last-mile suppliers and end customers via a vastly shortened supply chain, offering a more competitive value proposition than products offered through traditional supply chains. Our business model of deploying Group Leaders also allows us to efficiently identify demand for products and place orders on a consolidated bulk purchase basis. We are hence able to offer a wide range of products and services at competitive prices as a result of our ability to eliminate most of the costs associated with a middlemen or agents in a retail ecosystem as well as the economies of scale from bulk buying.
We have also trained our Group Leaders to use our platform efficiently so that they can better manage group purchases. As our Group Leaders are in constant communication with their community, we are able to receive prompt feedback on the needs and wants of our customers and respond quickly to the trends in the respective communities. This reduces the risk of us bringing in products that do not have sufficient demand, and the risk of us having unsold goods in general.
We reap economies of scale from being involved in each step of the product purchase process instead of outsourcing these functions to third party contractors. We handle the entire process of the sale and purchase of merchandise, from the collection of orders, consolidation and submission of purchase orders to sellers and suppliers, ordering fulfilment for direct orders, to shipping to our warehouse and subsequently to Group Leaders or individual customers. This enables us to cut back on handling and commission costs and gives us greater freedom to manage the whole purchase process with no hiccups.
While shortening the length of traditional supply chains, our ecosystem simultaneously aims to broaden the final leg of the distribution chain and focuses on ensuring access and bringing value to both last-mile suppliers as well as end consumers through engaging in both business-to-business (“B2B”) and a direct business-to-consumer (“B2C”) delivery model. While intuitively different distribution streams, our ecosystem is structured such that each delivery channel complements and supports the other where possible. For instance, where we engage in B2B sales for imported goods, we typically offer import level prices to retailers, on the condition that our Webuy logo is made visible on such products which allows us to further build brand awareness. We also maintain an in-house transport management system to ensure smooth operations for last-mile delivery. Our B2C model focuses on both physical stores and online (through our Webuy App). The QR Code in our physical store allows customers to share products they have bought with their friends using the WECHAT mini program. As long as their friends make purchases via the QR Code shared, they will be entitled to referral credits.
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Our business model has also proven to be deployable outside of traditional delivery of goods. Through utilizing the same approach, we have been able to bring cost savings to customers in the travel service industry as well, as elaborated in the sections below.
B. Scalable Business Model
Our strong eco-system of supply chain and distribution chain capabilities provide us with an opportunity to replicate and scale our business model rapidly, whether in new jurisdictions, or in new products or category of products.
Emerging economies market
In relation to replicating and scaling our business in new jurisdictions, we have collaborated with over 500 local stores in Indonesia over the span of a few months to increase our brand awareness by having our brand name and logo displayed at the store premises. Depending on the product, the stores are entitled to 5% to 10% of the revenues in commission. We believe we are well poised to further expand our operations and presence in this key SEA market.
Our unique community-oriented business model has proven to be critical to our success thus far in this market. From a strategic standpoint, we have decided to focus on securing a foothold into this market through the targeting of small mom-and-pop shops known in the local market as “Warung.” Warungs in Indonesia in essence serve as the same purpose as the Group Leaders in Singapore. These set-ups are easily established with minimum licensing requirements. The government allows such businesses to be run even from residential homes and with operators enjoying benefits from a taxation point of view.
While we offer a variety of products in Indonesia, such as fast-moving consumer products and basic household products, we have chosen to focus on products where we have greater sourcing capabilities, in particular fruits. Our relationship with our suppliers from China, who provide us with lower-than-market pricing for the goods for Warungs to import into Indonesia, gives us great value proposition to these Warung as prospective partners, as we can ensure a steady and sufficient supply of goods, greatly shortened supply chain and the greatest impact from a pricing perspective. Moving forward, we will continue to expand our sector focus to other directly sourced imported goods, as compared to products produced locally as our value proposition in terms of pricing and supply volume is less prominent for the latter.
This approach has formed the bedrock to our success in capturing a larger market share in the Indonesian market. In fact, we have recently obtained the necessary licenses from the Indonesian government to supply more than half the volume of products in the Jakarta market. A successful deployment of this business model will lay the foundation for further expansion into other SEA markets with a similar market dynamic as Indonesia and would include large emerging markets such as Vietnam and Thailand.
We have strategically implemented advanced data centralization, seamlessly integrating information from both our online APP and offline franchise shops. This strategic move has enabled us to gain profound insights into our customers, empowering us to offer tailored product recommendations. By synchronizing data across our platforms, we can provide a personalized and enriched shopping experience, enriching our customer engagement.
As part of our continuous evolution, we have expanded the Warung model into a franchise beginning in May 2023. As of the date of this prospectus, each shop has acquired new users each month and illustrated robust user growth within our O2O business. An impressive 85% of offline orders, comprising detailed customer profiles and purchase history, seamlessly integrate into our backend system, creating a comprehensive purchase record in the customer’s APP account. In a remarkable display of innovation, 38% of offline sales are seamlessly processed through facial recognition technology, directly linked to customers’ APP wallet payments. This groundbreaking feature eliminates the need for wallets or mobile phones, elevating the overall shopping experience.
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These achievements underscore the successful synergy between our online and offline operations, resulting in a holistic and integrated shopping experience for our customers. Our franchise model not only drives user acquisition but also bridges the gap between the online and offline realms, delivering cost-effective, community-driven shopping experiences. With this robust foundation firmly in place, we are strategically poised for further expansion into other SEA markets, aligning with the dynamics we’ve observed in Indonesia. This expansion vision includes large emerging markets such as Vietnam and Thailand.
Scalable Business Segments
With our business model, we are able to quickly expand our business segments and expand our product offerings. The core of our business centers around building a strong community network. This allows us to expand our product offerings smoothly by offering them to the same end customers — our community. The community hence provides us with a group of initial target prospects who are already predisposed or conditioned to purchase from our platform. The strong brand loyalty we have cultivated amongst our community enhances the marketability of our new product offerings, as the new product can leverage on our community’s trust in our brand and the high-quality standards we offer.
This was demonstrated through our recent successful expansion of product offerings to include travel packages in the Singapore market. We foresee expanding our offerings to include a whole variety of other services in the future such as insurance policies, healthcare products, lifestyle and entertainment services. The ability to expand our offerings to cover not just products but also services is an important diversification as it allows us to spread business risk and counter seasonal drop in profits due to cyclical demand.
We provide our customers the option of signing up to be a Group Leader, providing them an opportunity to connect with other customers and broaden their own social circles while enjoying an additional source of income through our cash incentives.
Our community e-commerce platform also provides customers with an outlet to express their creative energy and generate video content through the short video review feature. The short video review feature on our social e-commerce community platform leverages on the rising TikTok trend, where users of the TikTok application create and distribute creative and light-hearted short videos featuring a variety of content. The short videos review feature on Webuy similarly allows customers to concentrate their creative energy into filming and editing short videos reviewing their purchases or demonstrating the usage of products.
We believe these out-of-the-box features cultivate a highly engaging and delightful online shopping experience and ensure customer engagement and loyalty.
The in-app chat function also allows our Group Leaders to communicate conveniently and effectively with our community. For instance, Group Leaders can send promotions on seasonal sales to customers and receive direct responses. Overtime, the Group Leaders will understand the preferences of the various customers in their group so as to match and cater content sharing to their preferences.
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Technological Division and Structure
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Customer App (i.e., WeBuy mobile application) functions on IOS, Android, H5 website and WeChat mini-program systems, which enables the customers to place orders. Group Leader web portal runs only on H5 website to allow Group Leaders to manage orders and orders delivery. Merchant web portal allows our merchants to view customers’ orders and arrange order fulfilments. The data from customer App, Group Leader web portal and Merchant portal will feed into our in-house developed backend service for centralized data processing and storage.
Currently, since we have more than a hundred thousand users, it is necessary for us to manage our system in a way that ensures high service reliability and uptime for our users. To prevent our application from crashing due to high traffic, we have implemented NGINX, which is a versatile web server and open source software for web serving, reverse proxying, caching, load balancing, media streaming, among others, and functions as a reverse proxy and a load balancer to manage and distribute incoming client requests across multiple servers. By distributing incoming traffic across multiple servers, NGINX ensures optimal resource utilization, mitigating the risk of server overload and bolstering the availability and reliability of web applications.
All product-related information that listed in our application, such as order placement and fulfillment, is stored inside our MySQL database, which is supported by ShardingSphere, a technology that provides database orchestration services and facilitate user engagement and activities.
We have a search function in the application, ElasticSearch, which enable users to search products in a quicker way. ElasticSearch is a highly scalable, open-source, full-text search and analytics engine built on top of the Apache Lucene library and uses a distributed architecture. It provides us with search engine capabilities across all the products in our database, to return matching products for various queries run by the user.
Right alongside Java Spring Boot is NACOS (i.e., Dynamic Naming and Configuration Service), a software that provides dynamic service discovery, configuration management, and service management for cloud-native applications. This has been designed to make it easier for developers to maintain configuration consistency, coordinate service discovery and registration, and monitor the health of microservices in real-time. NACOS addresses the challenges of managing microservices in large-scale and distributed systems, such as maintaining configuration consistency and coordinating service discovery and registration.
To optimize the experience for returning customers, we rely on our recommendation system to provide the most relevant products to the fore. At present, this system works in two broad domains at (1) the user level and (2) at the platform-wide level. At the user level, we collate the products by recency and frequency, and present them in a page to encourage users to follow up with a repurchase. At the platform-wide level, an analysis is done across all the users, and products, to identify the buyer patterns and user portraits. As a whole, this system is coupled tightly with the suite of services provided by the Apache Software Foundation, including Apache Hadoop, HBase, Hive and Mahout.
“Human Touch”
Notwithstanding our advanced technology, we have also added a “human touch” to the purchase experience by implementing the Group Leader function. Community-based Group Leaders are at the helm of closed transaction loops and is our key to attracting and retaining customers. The Group Leaders know the customers personally, and are therefore able to know their preferences and able to recommend. This process is not automated, which sets us apart from others. We leverage on the existing relationship between Group Leaders and customers, who are usually from the leaders’ social network, so as to keep customer acquisition costs low. Our in-app chat allows Group Leaders to communicate with online customers live and respond promptly.
C. Strong Client Acquisition and Retention
Besides assisting to manage group purchases, our Group Leaders are regularly provided with product samples to test and recommend to other customers or members of their own social network. They can create videos of the product and share their shopping experience, and upload such videos to the product listing page in our mobile applications. The strong customer client acquisition and retention is being achieved through the engagement between the Group Leaders and customers or members. We also encourage our customers to post honest reviews of their purchases to help other customers make an informed purchase decision.
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The videos that our Group Leaders upload to the product listing page in our mobile application will undergo a 3-step vetting process. Firstly, the videos will undergo a technology check — where Tiktok technology is being used to filter short videos for inappropriate content, such as suicide, self-harm and nudity. The videos will then undergo a moderation check, where we use role-based access control and logging control to track anomalies. Lastly, the videos will undergo an algorithm check, where our content team will provide scores to the video. Videos with higher scores will appear to users more frequently.
Leader and Customer Acquisition Cycle
We believe our success in retaining customers and ability to maintain low customer acquisition costs is due to the virtuous cycle of leader and customer acquisition with the assistance of our Group Leaders Our Group Leaders are recruited through various channels, such as word-of-mouth referrals and social media marketing of our Webuy platform. Recruited and trained Group Leaders are responsible for generating short videos to promote our platform and engage prospective customers, as well as promoting our Webuy platform to neighbors and members of their social network. Customers successfully onboarded to the platform can place orders through our Webuy platform and liaise with the Group Leaders. After the purchase process is completed, Group Leaders are responsible for continually rallying customers to perform repeat purchases and provide product feedback. Over time, first-time customers are expected to become our long-term customers. Our Group Leaders are incentivized with attractive commission rates.
Our pool of Group Leaders is a growing force which we strive to nurture through our partnership program. We allow Group Leaders to form their own teams to share experiences, coach each other and grow together. In our partnership program, experienced group leaders can mentor and train up to a maximum of 9 Group Leaders under them (a “Mentor Group Leader”). In order to qualify as a Mentor Group Leader, the Group Leader will have to hit a minimum revenue target each month. This is to ensure that they have sufficient competency and experience to mentor budding new Group Leaders. The partnership program is not restricted by location and a Mentor Group Leader is able to mentor those who do not live around them. The partnership program allows our management to save training and development costs in the training of new Group Leaders. Mentor Group Leaders will be incentivized to train new Group Leaders as they will receive rewards based on the sales contributions of Group Leaders in their team. Under this reward scheme, a Mentor Group Leader will be able to progressively unlock higher and more attractive tiers of rewards as the total revenue of their team increases. Group Leaders themselves are also incentivized to surpass their minimum revenue targets under this reward scheme, as it also takes into account the individual revenue contribution from each member of the team. Accordingly, a new Group Leader may be entitled to higher tiers of rewards than their Mentor Group Leader if the former contributed more revenue during the relevant period. We also provide our Group Leaders with the resources to conduct offline roadshows and be equipped to acquire new customers from their geographical neighborhoods or social network. Such resources include Webuy marketing tools, such as standees as well as free gifts for online and offline giveaways to engage and onboard new customers.
We run seasonal promotions for popular products such as durians, mooncakes, and nectarines when these products are in season. By offering seasonal discounts, we are able to attract new customers to join our community on a regular basis.
Our offline business development team also visits physical stores to build relationships for Webuy to supply them with fresh produce. As we are direct importers of fruits, we are able to offer these stores with attractive prices when they sign on as an affiliate of the Webuy club. As an affiliate, these stores will display the Webuy logo therefore increasing awareness of our brand and assisting to develop a bigger community for the Webuy platform. These stores are incentivized with commission rates paid by us, assist us in our customer acquisitions through customers’ signup at our mobile application to buy fresh produce. As of December 2022, we had 79 shops that signed up to become a member of the Webuy Club, which generated around 5,805 new customers. We expect these numbers to continue to grow in the future.
We have exclusive arrangements with our Group Leaders under which such Group Leaders are only allowed to sell products carried by Webuy on our Webuy platform.
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Engaging Social Shopping Experience
Our platform strives to create the perfect immersive social shopping experience by encouraging customers to share their shopping interests with neighbors and members of their social networks to garner bulk orders.
Our social e-commerce community platform leverages off customers’ own social networks to efficiently expand our customer base. The process of gathering group purchases to make a collective order entails customers sharing the platform with their others and inviting them to utilize its services, in order to take advantage of the bulk purchase discounts. More importantly, the active introduction of our platform to our customers’ social circle helps to rapidly expand our customer base since the inception of our company while maintaining low customer acquisition costs.
Incorporation of technology into our business model
Technology and inventiveness are key tenets of our company growth. We partnered with ByteDance for the inclusion of a video feature on our platform, where Group Leaders can create and share videos about a product. These short videos foster strong customer relationships and increases customer reach through the community. Such videos can be shared on the in-app chat, in addition to WhatsApp/WeChat platforms, and can range from an unboxing review to the sharing of recipes, and product introductions. For example, one of our short videos relates to the introduction of a farm that supplies our fresh produce, so that our customers understand where we source our products from. The target recipient of such videos can be filtered out by the Group Leaders.
Our application is a comprehensive e-commerce system which integrates various portals utilized by (i) the customers (ii) Group Leaders and (iii) merchants with our backend services. Our backend services are integrated seamlessly with our technology platform (including major payment gateway partners such as Stripe) as well as our data platform and algorithm which allows us to gather customer behavior.
Our IT system enables us to (i) enhance the social aspect of our e-commerce platform with the short video review feature and instant messaging channels; (ii) gather data about customers’ purchase history and product preferences to strategically recommend products or brands on our home page, which provides customers with a tailored shopping experience where recommendations are unique to their preferences; (iii) seamlessly coordinate various steps of the purchase and sale process to create what we believe is a perfect user experience and (iv) allows us to use algorithm(s) to accurately predict demand in order to accurately forecast the volume to import.
D. Experienced Management Team with Solid Background in E-Commerce
We believe our rapid growth is owed to a large extent to the expertise and prowess of our senior management team.
Our CEO and co-founder, Mr. Bin Xue, leads our team. In his capacity as CEO, Mr. Xue has spearheaded the overall strategy planning of the Company, including the introduction of the short video review feature, the launch of Webuy club, and the Company’s venture into expanding its product offerings including travel and lifestyle packages. Further, Mr. Xue has helped to build up Webuy’s team in both its headquarters and regional offices by recruiting proficient management personnel, imparting his wealth of experience and fostering a positive corporate culture for its staff. Prior to Webuy, Mr. Xue was the co-founder of Ezbuy Group, a cross-border e-commerce platform that grew to S$200 million of annual revenue spanning 8 countries from scratch. During his tenure at Ezbuy, Mr. Xue set up the operations infrastructure, spearheaded the regional growth plan for Ezbuy and led Ezbuy’s international expansion by hiring and managing Ezbuy’s teams in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan and Pakistan. Mr. Xue has amassed over 10 years of e-commerce experience in all major disciplines, namely business strategy, finance management, product design, marketing, customer service and logistics. Mr. Xue co-founded Webuy and successfully raised US$9 million in Series A financing for Webuy.
Our COO and co-founder, Ms. Michelle Ting Tan, leads our team in Singapore and Indonesia. In her capacity as COO, Ms. Tan has set up the infrastructure and processes for the warehouse, logistic, customer service and group leader management departments. She has achieved a reduced 3% logistic cost, as compared to the industry average of 10-15%. She also helped to us achieve a statistic of 70% of the goods being non-inventory stock and a stock turnover rate of only 1 week. Ms. Tan also has also helped us expand the business to the Indonesia market and achieve a GMV growth of 10 times in 3 months. Ms. Tan was previously a management trainee in Ezbuy and has experience in setting up the infrastructure and processes in warehouse and logistic department.
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Our CTO, Mr. Lei Liu, leads our team in the technology area as the CTO and has built up the application architecture and infrastructure design for Webuy with the support of the IT team he has built-up. In his capacity as CTO, Mr. Liu has 11 years of IT experience in the e-commerce industry. Mr. Liu was previously the Chief Technology Officer of Chang Zheng Group, architect engineer in JD.com Inc., a NASDAQ-listed company (NASDAQ: JD) and technology director at VANCL. Mr. Liu obtained a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science and Technology from the University of North China in 2006.
Our CFO, Ms. Ai Lian Phang, leads our team in finance and human resources. In her capacity as CFO, Ms. Phang has helped to set-up the overall function of the finance and HR department in our company. Ms. Phang has more than 15 years of work experience in the field of accounting and has worked in large accounting firms such as KPMG, various MNCs and startups. She has had extensive exposure to regional markets and possess strong management skills in leading a team across geographical regions.
Our Growth Strategies
A. Utilizing strong supply chain capability to build up the community
Our strong supply chain capability allows us to build up our community offering a more competitive value proposition than products offered through traditional supply chains. Our business model of cutting out intermediaries from a traditional supply chain model and deploying Group Leaders to identify demand for products and place orders on a consolidated bulk purchase basis allows us to offer competitive pricing through the elimination of cost associated with middlemen or agents, as well as diseconomies of scale.
We intend to utilize this strategy to further our community outreach and expand our customer base in both B2B and B2C models.
B. Scalable business model
Our business model provides us with the plasticity to expand our business through (i) product diversification; and (ii) market diversification.
As the core of our business centers around building a strong community network, the brand loyalty and positioning provides us with a strong customer base when we venture into new product offerings and business segments. After our recent successful foray into travel packages in Singapore, we intend to continue our products and services diversification by leveraging on our scalable business model. We intend to diversify into product offerings with higher profit potential or offerings which can allow us to exploit potential synergies, for instance, insurance policies.
Our strong supply and distribution chains also allows us to venture into new markets as we are able to offer the greatest impact from a pricing perspective while providing confidence in a steady and sufficient supply of goods to secure a strong foothold in a new market. Please see section below titled “Overseas expansion” for further elaboration.
C. Overseas expansion
Our recent expansion into the Indonesian market has been a successful one. We have targeted the Warungs which has a dominant presence in the Indonesian market as our key partners, thereby providing us with a large clientele base. While Warungs are easily established, the operators often lose out a significant aspect of profits to middleman or monopoly companies further up the supply chain. By eliminating intermediaries in the traditional supply chain, we are able to offer Warungs an attractive value proposition. This has allowed us to build-up our presence in the Indonesian market within a short duration.
The Indonesian market holds growth potential for our franchise business. With a substantial population, many of whom already own shops and possess the necessary capital, the market has provided a convenient entry point for these individuals to participate in our franchise system. This favorable landscape has expedited the establishment of offline shops, contributing to our rapid growth in the region.
We intend to replicate this business model into other SEA markets with similar market dynamics and economic conditions, such as Vietnam, Thailand and Malaysia in 2023 and 2024. We believe that securing a strong foothold in large emerging markets will further enhance our profitability and business size.
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Our Business Model
A. Group buy Model
The “group buy” model upon which our social e-commerce community platform is built fosters greater customer engagement as they are able to be part of a group purchase and enjoy lower prices, or purchase products and services individually. This allows them to share purchase interests with their social network, strengthen existing connections and meet new acquaintances, and gain meaningful experience and additional shopping perks in the form of e-vouchers and sales commissions.
Specifically, e-vouchers are only available to all users on the platform during the platform sales campaign, including customers and Group Leaders. The e-vouchers are redeemable in purchasing credit only and is not available as cash.
On the other hand, sales commissions are only available to Group Leaders in “Assets” form, which can be used to either offset further purchases or transfer out as cash to their bank accounts. Sales commission earned by Group Leaders are earned through their work in promoting the Webuy products to their community. Group Leaders receive sales commission as a percentage of products sales made by customers in their community. Every product will have different percentage of products sales as sales commission depending on the products margin, usually in the range of 6% to 20%. The Company incurred a sales commission of $868,556 and $2,161,159 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
We value both customers and Group Leaders, who are all users on our platform, and we are cultivate their loyalty by shopping perks, such as Webuy-exclusive promotions and product festivals and brand collaborations. Furthermore, all users can earn coins by performing tasks such as daily check in and uploading product reviews in our Webuy mobile application. The coins can be used as credit for future purchase prices. Unlike assets for Group Leaders, coins are not eligible for cash out from the bank. E-vouchers, on the other hand, can usually be obtained during sales campaign and are valid for 3-5 days. E-vouchers usually grant users a percentage discount and can be used with coins concurrently in the same transaction.
Our “group buy” model embraces a human element manifested in the Group Leader role offered to customers. Webuy and its network of suppliers work closely with its community of Group Leaders, forging a mutually dependent relationship to serve its customers. In helping to arrange for group purchases and delivery pick-up at a single location, these Group Leaders are significant in reducing Webuy’s user acquisition and logistics costs. These Group Leaders are well-equipped to carry out their delegated responsibility, being supported with technology tools, consistent training, marketing materials, and delivery methods. Group Leaders’ houses could also serve as a pickup location for their local customers and reduce the delivery cost. An illustration of this model is below:
“Group buy” allows an individual to purchase products at a price ordinarily only available if he or she were to do a bulk purchase. Our community-based approach has enabled us to offer products to our customers at a low cost, as feedback from our Group Leaders allow us to gain a more accurate understanding of our customer’s immediate needs, wants, and trends. Based on the feedback obtained, we source for the items that we know or can reasonably expect to be in demand, such that the risk of unsold goods is low. Our product offerings are tailored to and decided based on the needs of the community, through feedback received from our Group Leaders.
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Our Group Leaders also help us understand market demand and consumer expectations. When a new product offering is available, we will get the Group Leaders to “guess” the selling price of the new product in order to understand a consumer’s expectation of the respective pricings. The eventual pricing of the product will be influenced by the Group Leader’s guess, as well as amongst other factors, the level of stock available in the inventory.
Through our community-centric business model, we are able to achieve more efficient price-setting and inventory management processes as a result of our constant engagement with the community through our people-centric framework. Our prices are decided based on, among others, feedback from our Group Leaders, and the volume of bulk purchases to be placed based on consumer demand as informed by the Group Leaders. As of the date of this prospectus, we place orders with our suppliers in two ways, (i) fast-in-fast-out and (ii) products that we order and which form our inventory, forming our inventory that can be delivered within 1 day from the date on which a regular order (i.e. orders apart from the pre-orders) is placed. We utilize the fast in fast out method for perishable products, such as fresh produce, chicken and other items with a short expiry date. This is where our suppliers will provide us with a list of products available, we will upload the list into our Webuy App for our customers, and place orders with our suppliers according to the volume of orders received from our customers. For the inventory method, we will either pre-determine the level of stock or gather pre-orders from customers in order to determine the volume of order to be placed with our suppliers.
For each sub-category of products, our platform recommends 1-2 stock keeping units (“SKU”) to our customers so as to provide our customers with the best price based on our inventory levels and customer preferences. The recommendations are derived using a family of algorithms called collaborative filtering.
We believe that one of the distinguishing aspects of our platform is the wide range of products and services offered. As of the date of this prospectus, we have offered 1000 products from 40 different brands and 20 countries. Our services include the following three main categories, namely, (i) the sale of produce, (ii) the sale of associated lifestyle needs, such as the sale of dining vouchers, household items, beauty products and repair services, and (iii) sale of travel packages. Group Leaders also serve as a feedback channel through which we are able to set prices that we think are attractive to our customers.
Purchase Options
In respect of the sale of produce and associated lifestyle needs, we offer “pick-up” and “home delivery” options. Home delivery is free with a minimum purchase, and the pick-up option enables customers to collect their products from a Group Leader’s house nearby at no additional cost regardless of the purchase quantity.
Delivery for bulk purchase orders are consolidated by Group Leaders. With each delivery fulfilling more orders, such economies of scale allow for a lower average delivery cost per item.
However, the community interaction element is retained as the consumers can still raise issues, provide feedback, and seek assistance from the Group Leaders through various communication channels including the in-app chat.
From the Company’s perspective, the process for both the “pick-up” and “home delivery” option is the same, as the Company will in both situations be gathering the purchases and sending a consolidated order to the supplier.
Leader and Customer Acquisition
We believe the key differentiation between our community-centric group buy model and other e-commerce platforms is the low customer acquisition costs and high customer retention. To facilitate the retention of customers, we have engineered a leader and customer acquisition cycle that capitalizes on the Group Leaders’ influence over customers in their social network and the resultant deeper bond customers have with our platform.
First, we acquire Group Leaders through social media channels and through referrals by existing Group Leaders
Following the acquisition of Group Leaders, we equip them with the necessary marketing skills to boost the popularity of our platform to our customers. As Group Leaders are granted access to certain backend processes and functions of our platform, they are required to complete a training phase and an exam on account operations. Their training phase would include exposure to the company background and culture, and training on how to provide customer service, acquire customers, and promote products. For new or additional product offerings, Group Leaders will need to attend training updates to better understand product features and information.
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Subsequent to passing the exam, our Group Leaders are tasked with advertising Webuy to their neighbors and members of their social network through the creation of short videos and spreading awareness of our platform through word of mouth or online messaging. Group Leaders are responsible for onboarding interested customers onto our platform, and are incentivized to do so with attractive commission.
Onboarded customers can order groceries through the Webuy platform, and the Group Leaders coordinate the group purchases via WhatsApp which is integrated with our platform. Group Leaders are incentivized to encourage purchases and repeat orders as they receive commission. Post-purchase, the Group Leaders assist to gather product-related feedback which is communicated to the Webuy team.
Product Delivery Process
We implement a uniform delivery process, starting from receiving product supplies to collection of goods, that ensures orders reach customers speedily at low costs, with delivery speed being as fast as the next day.
First, we enter into supply contracts with the suppliers and importers directly where possible, which enables us to avoid time and cost margins associated with contracting through distributors. We are working towards acquiring all products directly from suppliers rather than wholesalers, as the vertical integration increases profit margins.
Secondly, we store and organize the goods received from suppliers and wholesalers in our warehouses, where they are sorted and marked for delivery.
Thirdly, the goods are transported to the Group Leaders in charge of bulk orders, who will then store the goods in a single location, either their homes or shops, for customers to pick up. Delivering goods to one location, rather than to each customer’s address, cuts down on delivery costs and time. Customers who choose the “home delivery” option will receive their goods directly at the address provided to us. The delivery fee for “home delivery” is waived if a minimum purchase value is reached.
We implement various methods of preserving our goods in order to ensure their quality pending receipt by customers. For instance, we store frozen or cool products in isolated boxes with dry ice or crushed ice, which maintains their condition for 6 hours and up to 8 hours. We also specially arrange for Group Leaders to store these goods in their freezers pending pick up by customers.
B. Incorporation and utilization of technology
Our smart recommendation algorithm allows us to derive accurate data on customers’ preferences and up-to-date shopping trends by gathering information about customers’ purchase trends and purchase history and product reviews. The platform will then generate brand or product recommendations to customers on Webuy’s home page and prioritize customers’ repeat purchases and recent searches at the top of the Webuy webpage.
Our advanced IT infrastructure plays a pivotal role in our O2O transition. It seamlessly integrates offline and online operations, synchronizing data from both channels into a unified backend system. This integration enables the collection of valuable customer data, including gender, age, purchase history, and the use of online app wallet balances for in-store purchases. This technological integration enhances the overall customer experience and operational efficiency.
With our technology, we are able to elevate user experience on our Webuy platform with an added short video review feature that capitalizes on the rising trend of Tiktok short videos and allows users to have fun while generating product reviews. Customers are also able to liaise with Group Leaders to collate and place bulk orders via our linked social networking channel, eliminating the hassle that comes with placing large quantities of orders and ensuring a seamless and efficient purchase. Our platform also integrates online payment service providers namely UnionPay and PayNow, to allow customers to make secure online payment.
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Furthermore, we’ve strategically implemented advanced data centralization, seamlessly integrating information from both our online APP and offline franchise shops. This strategic move has enabled us to gain profound insights into our customers, empowering us to offer tailored product recommendations. By synchronizing data across our platforms, we can provide a personalized and enriched shopping experience, enriching our customer engagement.
C. End-to End Involvement in the Sale and Purchase Process
We strive towards a “fast in fast out” model where inventory management is concerned, to avoid long turn-over periods and wastage of perishable products due to unsold inventory.
By integrating a “pre-order” function on our platform, we have been able to apply a significant portion of each shipment towards pre-orders, while selling the remainder of the shipment fairly quickly. This minimizes the amount of unnecessary inventory stock.
We are able to reap economies of scale by taking over the handling of most steps of the sale and purchase process and eliminating third party contractor arrangements along with their cost margins. Buying directly from suppliers and in bulk helps customers to enjoy cost savings.
We take over the operation of the sale and purchase to ensure a seamless process after the initial steps of the sale and purchase are completed, namely marketing and submission of orders on the Webuy app by Group Leaders. Thereafter we consolidate all the orders on a daily basis (by a cut-off time) for orders to be delivered the next day and submit the purchase orders to the suppliers directly. We also arrange with the suppliers for the subsequent shipment of products to our warehouses, sort and mark the packages for delivery, and arrange for our personnel to ship the products to Group Leaders located island wise or to the customers directly.
For home delivery, customers are able to opt for next-day delivery or up to one (1) week from the date of their order. For pickups from the Group Leaders’ homes, the Group Leaders can decide the dates for pickups, and customers can also discuss with their Group Leaders on which dates they would like the Group Leaders to open up for pickups.
In helping to arrange for group purchases and delivery pick-up at a single location, Group Leaders are significant in reducing Webuy’s user acquisition and logistics costs. Group Leaders are well-equipped to carry out their delegated responsibility, being supported with technology tools, consistent training, marketing materials, and delivery services.
The involvement of Group Leaders substantially reduces last-mile delivery costs since the Group Leaders host the group purchases at their place and liaises with the other customers who make up the collective order to collect their purchases. These features are effective in freeing up Webuy’s resources and lightens its logistics costs and burden, creating space for further research and development to improve the platform and shape its future expansion.
Our Social E-Commerce Community Platform
Our business is primarily conducted through our e-commerce community platform, Webuy, as well as social networking channels such as WhatsApp and WeChat. On our Webuy platform, customers use our platform to browse and purchase attractively priced products and services, peruse short video reviews of merchandise listed on our platform, and connect with Group Leaders to place group orders.
Our Webuy platform offers both “Pick Up” and “Home Delivery” options. The “Home Delivery” option enables a customer to place an order with us, and Webuy will directly deliver to customer’s home address. The “Pick Up” option, on the other hand, enables customers to pick up their products from their Group Leaders’ house, which are usually located in the customers’ vicinity.
To create a seamless shopping experience, our platform works with and integrates WhatsApp, a major social network in the Southeast Asian region, so that our customers can efficiently liaise with “group leaders” or send group purchase invitations to their social network. This social element has cultivated an engaged customer base.
We work with leading third-party online payment service providers, namely UnionPay and PayNow. Customers have the option to select any of these providers, and we do not depend on any particular provider for such services. Upon confirmation of a purchase order, the supplier will liaise with its third party logistics service provider and arrange for delivery of the products or services.
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Our Webuy mobile platform layout is designed to provide a convenient one-stop shopping experience that caters to all types of customer needs, as illustrated below.
New User Onboarding Process
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Payment Procedures — Webuy Assets
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Payment Procedures
At checkout, users can choose from a number of different payment methods, such as PayNow, credit/debit card, or UnionPay. Once the payment method is confirmed, users can click on “confirm” and go to checkout page, where all necessary information, such as credit card numbers, can be provided. Once the payment is made, users will be able to review order details and payment status to see whether the payment was successfully mad. Examples of payment method by PayNow, Credit/Debit Card and UnionPay are shown below:
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Payment and Shipment
Users can manage all their orders under “My Orders” on the “Me” page on our platform. For example, orders of unpaid or failed payment will be shown under To Pay List, and by clicking on the order, the users can proceed to pay or cancel the orders.
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Order Cancellation
Our users are free to cancel unpaid orders or orders that are still under “to-be-shipped” status. After the order is cancelled, the order status will be shown as closed and refund will be transferred to the user’s original method of payment.
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Refund and Return Procedures — Automatic Refund
Our users are able to request for automatic refund(s) or return(s) on the Webuy platform within 48 hours of placing an order. On the “Refund” or “Return” page, users will be able to select a reason for the return or refund, enter description of the unwanted product, and upload photos.
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Refund and Return Procedures — Obtaining Approval
If the user is no longer qualified for an automatic return or refund, users can follow the same steps as above and submit their request, which will be shown as “pending” upon the request has been processed.
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Our Customers
Our platform’s direct customer traffic is mainly generated by word-of-mouth referrals by our existing customers, active promotion of merchandise by the Group Leaders, and our marketing campaigns. A portion of our customer traffic on the Webuy platform also comes from user recommendation, such as the customers’ short video reviews, which customers can share with their social network. Additionally, customers interested in our Webuy travel packages may also patron our physical store in Chinatown, Singapore.
Existing customers’ loyalty is cultivated by shopping perks, such as Webuy-exclusive promotions and product festivals and brand collaborations. Furthermore, all users can earn coins by performing tasks such as daily check in and uploading product reviews in our Webuy mobile application. The coins can be used as credits to offset future purchase prices. Customers who select the “group purchase” option typically enjoy lower purchase prices than the “individual purchase” option due to the large orders. On the other hand, Group Leaders are able to convert the sales commissions they earned into assets, which can be used to either offset further purchases or transfer out as cash to their bank accounts.
In line with our people-centric objectives, Webuy is the first e-commerce player in SEA to offer an instant refund guarantee policy, in that our customers can issue a refund request within 48 hours within receiving their products and receive a refund immediately through the e-wallet. However, despite the flexible refund policy, we have managed to maintain a low refund rate with our Group Leaders acting as “gate keepers”. The Group Leaders will actively monitor if refunds of their community members are reasonable as a high refund rate adversely affects their commission. The Group Leaders will then adopt a personable approach and negotiate with members of their community if the Group Leaders deem the refunds unreasonable.
Our Product Selection
We provide a competitive and comprehensive selection of product and service categories on our platform, including fresh produce, lifestyle daily essential items (including fast-moving consumer goods (“FMCG”), e-vouchers and miscellaneous daily needs products. At present, for the Singapore market, we obtain our fresh produce from importers or farms directly. For FMCG products, we have obtained them directly from importers.
We also offer travel packages such as cruises as well as free and easy packages which would include just the air tickets and hotel bookings. We have direct tie-ups with cruise operators, certain airlines, and one of the business-to-business (B2B) hotel supplier.
We decide what products to source for our platform based on feedback from Group Leaders on market demand as well as recommendations from our existing suppliers. At the same time, Webuy strives to have a range of product offering that covers certain main categories of basic products.
On checkout, customers can select either the free delivery option which applies to both pick-ups and home delivery of at least $60, or the option to pay an additional $5 for home delivery below $60.
Our Services and Value to Suppliers
Our suppliers benefit from our wide customer reach and high sales volume on our Webuy platform. We provide additional value-added services such as market analysis, and online marketing services through the short videos review feature.
The large scale of our business enables us to collate comprehensive data to better understand and cater to our customers’ needs and predict sales volume in the near future based on customer preference and recent trends. The in-app communication channel allows customers to communicate their unique preferences and taste, giving suppliers the ability to provide personalized products and services in response to different customers’ needs.
We extended our “group purchase” model beyond conventional merchandise to the travel industry in recognition of the rising trend in travel given the lifting of the COVID-19 travel restrictions. Leveraging on the recent rise in popularity of travel ensures that user traffic will increase alongside this trend as well. The market size of travel and tourism industry in Southeast Asia experienced a steady growth from US$20.2 billion in 2016 to US$24.7 billion in 2019, driven by increasing Chinese travelers. At the same time, the number of outbound travelers from Southeast Asia is also increasing. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a decrease in users and revenue numbers in the travel and tourism market. Widespread uncertainty regarding infection and incidence rates, combined with regional and/or national restrictions, prevented many tourists from selecting international destinations. Both domestic and international travel are again in demand as countries start to open up again. The increasing outbound travel by young population within the region as well as growing inbound travel to the region would support the growth of the market. Encouraged by supportive government policies, such as the ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2016-2025, the travel and tourism industry is expected to reach US$35.8 billion in 2026, at a CAGR of 12.3% in Southeast Asia.
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Data Security and Protection
We operate with a comprehensive security system that covers our platform, data and services. To ensure that customers’ card details are kept confidential and secure and that Webuy does not access or retain their card information, we partner with online payment service provider — Red Dot Payment gateway to handle the payment transactions.
We have a cyber-security policy in place, and rely on various mobile features to enhance cyber security. For instance, we use high-strength encryption algorithms such as AES to encrypt removable disks. As the encrypted removable disk can only be used inside the company, if the employees attempt to bring it outside of the company premises, they be unable to access the disk.
We also have in place hardware and device management system, containing features such as a hardware change alarm, USB port management and disable devices such as FireWire, PCMCIA bus, and disable CD-ROM.
Document and data encryption is also used to enhance data security. For instance, we make use of real-time encryption and decryption to encrypt files created by users in real time, which automatically decrypts during access to prevent it from being accessed externally. Other encryptions include smart encryption to combine sensitive content identification technology with document transparent encryption technology — newly created files will be scanned in real time and sensitive content will be encrypted. We also make use of shear plate control technology, which controls the clipboard usage rights between authorized software users and unauthorized software users. This restricts the right to prohibit ciphertext copying to plaintext, while allowing copying between ciphertexts.
We also conduct sensitive content analysis, with a data classification library which contains classification rules, and sensitive content scanning which allows for a quick analysis of whether the documents contain sensitive data upon scanning the documents.
Our login method for the server is designed to prevent intrusion. It incorporates OpenVPN’s proprietary network authentication and disables direct login by password, replacing it with a 22 port login. We also make use of Alibaba’s cloud backend management system, which uses an enhanced two-step verification.
Marketing
Apart from digital marketing on Facebook, TikTok, Youtube and Google, we have built a large customer base through word-of-mouth referrals by Group Leaders and customers to their social networks and “group buy” chats. To enhance brand reputation, our platform goes beyond just offering competitive pricing by offering e-vouchers and hosts Webuy product festivals, such as the Webuy Durian Festival, which offers exclusive deals on selected products and services. Group Leaders also receive commissions and e-vouchers, enabling their network to shop at attractive prices. We also have a “Super good deal day” every month offering enticing deals and discounts.
Competition
Overall, the community e-commerce industry in Southeast Asia is fragmented and competitive with a large number of service providers. The number of players in the community e-commerce market in Southeast Asia is estimated to be approximately over 300. Community e-commerce as an emerging business model, has been adopted by increasing number of retail establishments in recent years, as the online business landscape has been continuously underpinned by the shifting consumer preference towards community and the expedite development of social media.
The main players in the region’s e-commerce industry are: Shopee, Lazada, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak. As indicated by the report by Frost & Sullivan, the company, Snatch and Fresh4ALL are the main community e-commerce platforms by revenue in Singapore in 2022. Although we are a community based e-commerce platform, we believe that our current or future potential competitors include: (i) major e-commerce companies in the Southeast Asian region; (ii) conventional physical retailers in Southeast Asia region; and (iii) retail companies in Southeast Asia with an emphasis on specific product categories.
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We compete principally on the basis of:
| ● | supply chain capabilities |
| ● | our scalable customer base; |
| ● | our committed suppliers; |
| ● | high-quality and wide-ranging products and services; |
| ● | competitive pricing of the products and services; |
| ● | brand recognition and reputation, especially in Singapore; |
| ● | the enjoyable and holistic online shopping experience; and |
| ● | the experience and expertise of our management. |
We believe we are well-equipped to establish our presence on the basis of the abovementioned factors. However, our competitors may have a longer operating history, larger brand recognition and reputation, longer-term supplier relationships, wider customer bases, higher-quality technological infrastructure, greater financial resources, or more specialized technological resources than we do. These competitors may also offer similar “group buy” models on their platforms.
Seasonality
Overall, our platform has generally not experienced much seasonality since the company’s inception despite our rapid growth. This is in part due to our selective seasonable promotions, which are scheduled based on fresh produce that are in season during different times of the year. As our operating history is very short, the seasonal trends which we have experienced are likely not indicative of future statistics.
Employees
As of December 31, 2023 we had 218 full-time employees. The following table sets forth the numbers of our employees categorized by function as of December 31, 2023.
| Function | Number of Employees | |||
| Management | 12 | |||
| Accounts and Finance | 23 | |||
| Customer Management and Administration | 103 | |||
| Information Technology | 2 | |||
| Warehouse Labor | 37 | |||
| Others | 41 | |||
| Total | 218 | |||
Our success depends on our ability to attract, motivate, train and retain qualified personnel. We are proud to be having a good relationship with our employees and have not been engaged in any labor disputes. Our employees have entered into employment contracts and non-disclosure agreements with us. We provide our employees with medical benefits such as a medical card that covers outpatient fee, as well as medical and outpatient leave in accordance with the employment laws and regulations in Singapore. We have been complying with statutory requirements to provide our employees with Central Provident Fund contributions and Skills Development Levy.
Insurance
We carry public liability insurance, workers injury compensation insurance, and property all risks insurance, including coverage for theft. Where applicable, the above insurance policies are reviewed annually to ensure that our Company has sufficient insurance coverage. As of the date of this prospectus, having considered the risk levels and cost of procuring insurance for certain risks associated with our business, we believe that we have taken up sufficient insurance coverage in line with industry practice and we will conduct annual reviews of such coverage of our Company and will consider taking up additional insurance if necessary.
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Lease Commitments
Our principal executive office is situated in Tampines, Singapore, which also doubles as a warehouse space. We have entered into a lease agreement which will expire on March 31, 2028. The premises is located at 35 Tampines Street 92 Singapore 528880 with floor area of 8,931 square meters. The total of the current monthly rent of this premises is $32,153.
As a part of a segment of our business, we also have an office that serve as travel agency. It is located at 101 Upper Cross Street, People’s Park Centre, #02-27 in Singapore. Its size is 454 square feet with a monthly rent of $2,602. The lease expires on May 9, 2024.
In Indonesia, we recently leased: (i) an approximately 1,340 square meter warehouse premise in March 2023, which is located in Cimanggis District, Depok City, West Java, with a total rental value of IDR 1,005,000,000, which expires on March 31, 2024 and (ii) an approximately 194.94 square meter of space in March 2023, which is located in Graha Sucofindo, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta, with a total rental value of IDR 837,462,240, which expires on March 12, 2025.
We believe that our existing facilities are generally adequate to meet our current needs, but we expect to seek additional space as needed to accommodate future growth. Should we need additional space, we believe we will be able to obtain additional space on commercially reasonable terms.
Domain Name
As of the date of this prospectus, New Retail owns the following domain names:
| Ownership | Domain name | |
| New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | webuy.global | |
| New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | webuyid.com | |
| New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | webuymy.com | |
| New Retail International Pte. Ltd. | webuysg.com |
Intellectual Property
As of the date of this prospectus, we have not registered any intellectual property rights.
As of the date of this prospectus, we were not involved in any proceedings with regard to, and we have not received notice of any claims of infringement of, any intellectual property rights that may be threatened or pending, in which we may be involved either as a claimant or respondent.
Legal Proceedings
From time to time, we are and may become involved in legal proceedings, claims, investigations, and other disputes incidental to the ordinary conduct of our business including, among other things, contract disputes, copyright, trademark and other intellectual property infringement claims, consumer protection claims, employment related cases, disputes between our customers, Group Leaders and third-party sellers or merchants, and disputes concerning other matters incidental to the ordinary course of our business. We may also initiate legal proceedings to protect our rights and interests.
As of the date of this prospectus, we are not a party to, nor are we aware of, any legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have any material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
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REGULATIONS
Due to the geographic diversity of our operations and services, our operations are subject to a variety of rules and regulations. We are subject to all of the local regulations generally applicable to businesses in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including with respect to employment, health and safety, competition, tax and other regulations. We set out below brief descriptions of certain regulations particularly significant for our operations. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Countries Where We Operate — Developments in the social, political, regulatory and economic environment in the countries where we operate, may have a material and adverse impact on us.”
Singapore
Regulation on Personal Data Protection
The Personal Data Protection Act 2012, No. 26 of 2012 of Singapore (the “PDPA”) generally requires organizations to give notice and obtain consents prior to collection, use or disclosure of personal data (being data, whether true or not, about an individual who can be identified from that data or other accessible information), and to provide individuals with the right to access and correct their own personal data. Organizations have mandatory obligations to assess data breaches they suffer, and to notify the Singapore Personal Data Protection Commission (“PDPC”) and the relevant individuals where the data breach is of a certain severity. The PDPA also imposes various baseline obligations on organizations in connection with permitted uses of, accountability for, the protection of, the retention of, and overseas transfers of, personal data. In addition, the PDPA requires organizations to check “Do-Not-Call” registries prior to sending marketing messages addressed to Singapore telephone numbers, through voice calls, fax or text messages, including text messages transmitted over the Internet.
The PDPA creates various offenses in connection with the improper use of personal data, certain methods of collecting personal data and certain failures to comply with the requirements under the PDPA. These offences may be applicable to organizations, their officers and/or their employees. Offenders are liable on conviction to fines and/or imprisonment. The PDPA empowers the PDPC with significant regulatory powers to ensure compliance with the PDPA, including powers to investigate, give directions and impose a financial penalty of up to S$1 million. In addition, the PDPA created a right of private action, pursuant to which the Singapore courts may grant damages, injunctions and relief by way of declaration, to persons who suffer loss or damages directly as a result of contraventions of certain requirements under the PDPA.
The PDPA was last amended by the Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2020, which took effect in phases from 1 February 2021. From 1 October 2022, the maximum financial penalty that the PDPC may impose is 10% of the annual turnover in Singapore of that organisation or S$1 million, whichever is higher. As at the date of this prospectus, a key obligation under the PDPA not yet in force is the requirement for organizations to transfer personal data of an individual to a different organization where requested by the individual (generally referred to as “data portability”).
The Employment of Foreign Manpower Act
The Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1990 of Singapore, provides that no person shall employ a foreign employee unless the foreign employee has a valid work pass. Work passes are issued by the Controller of Work Passes.
The Employment Act 1968 of Singapore, or the Singapore EA, prescribes certain minimum conditions of service that employers are required to provide to their employees, including (i) minimum days of statutory annual and sick leave; (ii) paid public holidays; (iii) statutory protection against wrongful dismissal; (iv) provision of key employment terms in writing; and (v) statutory maternity leave and childcare leave benefits. In addition, certain statutory protections relating to overtime and hours of work are prescribed under the Singapore EA, but only apply to limited categories of employees, such as an employee (other than a workman or a person employed in a managerial or an executive position) who receives a salary of up to S$2,600 a month. Other employment-related benefits which are prescribed by law include (i) contributions to be made by an employer to the Central Provident Fund, under the Central Provident Fund Act 1953 of Singapore in respect of each employee who is a citizen or permanent resident of Singapore; (ii) the provision of statutory maternity, paternity, childcare, adoption, unpaid infant care and shared parental leave benefits (in each case subject to the fulfilment of certain eligibility criteria) under the Child Development Co-savings Act 2001; (iii) statutory protections against dismissal on the grounds of age, and statutory requirements to offer re-employment to an employee who attains the prescribed minimum retirement age, under the Retirement and Re-employment Act 1993 of Singapore; and (iv) statutory requirements relating to work injury compensation, and workplace safety and health, under the Work Injury Compensation Act 2019 and the Workplace Safety and Health Act 2006 of Singapore, respectively.
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There is no minimum statutorily prescribed wage in Singapore. However, employees who are citizens or permanent residents of Singapore and who are employed in the cleaning, security, landscape, lift and escalator, retail, and food services sectors, or who are employed in administrative or driving roles (collectively, “PWM employees”), are covered under the Progressive Wage Model which prescribes minimum wages for PWM employees. From July 2023, employees who are citizens or permanent residents of Singapore and who are employed in the waste management sector will be covered under the Progressive Wage Model. Singapore employment law also does not prescribe any mandatory annual wage supplement, bonus payments or severance payments to be provided by an employer to its employees. Any such payment to be made to an employee (including as to frequency and amount) is at the discretion of the employer. An employer and its employee are generally free to agree on a notice period for termination of employment. If the employment contract does not provide for a notice period, the employer must adhere to the minimum notice periods stipulated in the Singapore EA, which vary from one day to one month depending on the employee’s length of service with the employer. The Singapore EA confers a statutory right on either party to terminate the employment relationship immediately without waiting for the expiry of the notice period by paying salary in lieu of notice.
The Employment of Foreign Manpower Act 1990 of Singapore provides that no person shall employ a foreign employee unless the foreign employee has a valid work pass. Work passes are issued by the Controller of Work Passes.
In relation to the employment of semi-skilled foreign workers in the construction, manufacturing, marine shipyard, process or services sectors, employers must ensure that such persons apply for a “Work Permit”. In relation to the employment of foreign mid-level skilled workers with a monthly fixed salary of at least S$3,000 (or S$3,500 for “S Pass” applicants in the financial services sector), employers must ensure that such persons apply for an “S Pass”. From 1 September 2023, the minimum monthly salary requirement for “S Pass” applicants will be raised to S$3,150, with a higher minimum qualifying salary requirement of S$3,650 for “S Pass” applicants in the financial services sector. In relation to the employment of foreign professionals, managers and executives earning a monthly fixed salary of at least S$5,000 (or S$5,500 for “Employment Pass” applicants in the financial services sector), employers must ensure that such persons apply for an “Employment Pass”. From 1 September 2023, in addition to meeting the minimum qualifying salary, “Employment Pass” applicants must also pass a points-based Complementarity Assessment Framework (“COMPASS”), with certain exceptions.
Regulations on Safety and Health of Our Employees and Contractors
The Workplace Safety and Health Act 2006 of Singapore (the “WSHA”) is the principal legislation governing the safety, health and welfare of persons at work in workplaces. Among other things, the WSHA imposes a duty on every employer and every principal (which would include us) to take, so far as is reasonably practicable, such measures as are necessary to ensure the safety and health of its employees, and any contractor, any direct or indirect subcontractor, and any employee employed by such contractor or subcontractor, when at work.
The general penalties for non-compliance with the WSHA include the imposition of fines up to the amount of S$500,000 in the case of a body corporate. Further or other penalties may apply in the case of repeat offences or specific offences under the WSHA or its subsidiary legislation.
Regulations on Financial Services
The MAS regulates the provision of payment services in Singapore under the Payment Services Act 2019 which came into force on January 28, 2020 (the “PS Act”). Unless excluded or exempt, an entity must obtain the relevant license to provide regulated payment services under the PS Act, which include account issuance service, e-money issuance service, domestic money transfer service, cross-border money transfer service, merchant acquisition service, digital payment token service, and money-changing service.
Under the PS Act, licensees may generally be subject to obligations relating to general approval requirements for changes of control, appointment and removal of CEOs and directors, general notification and record-keeping requirements, audit requirements, base capital requirements, anti-money laundering requirements (see below), the requirement to furnish security (for a major payment institution), the requirement to safeguard customer monies (for a major payment institution), and other applicable requirements. Licensees are expected to implement certain systems, processes and controls in line with MAS’ Guidelines on Risk Management Practices applicable to financial institutions in Singapore. Non-compliance with the above could potentially result in penalties under the PS Act including loss of or restriction on the license, civil damages claims, and criminal penalties for the respective company and/or its officers up to and including fines of SGD250,000 with potential for additional amounts for ongoing non-compliance, for the duration of the non-compliance, and (in the case of officers) imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, for each offense.
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Broadcasting Act
All internet content providers (which includes all persons who maintain websites), including us, are governed by an automatic class license, pursuant to the Broadcasting Act 1994 of Singapore and the Broadcasting (Class License) Notification. Internet content providers must further comply with the Internet Code of Practice issued by the Infocomm Media Development Authority, or the IMDA. All internet content providers must use best efforts to ensure that prohibited material (which refers to material that is objectionable on the grounds of public interest, public morality, public security, national harmony, offends good taste or decency, or is otherwise prohibited by applicable Singapore laws) are not broadcast via the internet to users in Singapore. Internet content providers also have obligations to assist certain investigations of the IMDA and remove or deny access to any prohibited material if directed to do so by the IMDA.
The Online Safety (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2022, which amends, inter alia, the Broadcasting Act 1994 to enhance online safety for users in Singapore, came into operation on 1 February 2023. A new Part 10A was introduced to the Broadcasting Act 1994 to regulate certain providers of online communication services (“OCS”). At present the list of OCS subject to Part 10A is limited to social media services (which carries the meaning of “an electronic service that satisfies all the following characteristics: (a) the sole or primary purpose of the service is to enable online interaction or linking between 2 or more end-users (including enabling end-users to share content for social purposes); (b) the service allows end-users to communicate content on the service; and (c) any other characteristics that are prescribed by Part 10A regulations”). Part 10A allows the IMDA to issue blocking directions to require a social media service to disable access by Singapore users to egregious content on the service, which includes content advocating or instructing on suicide or self-harm, physical or sexual violence and terrorism; content depicting child sexual exploitation; content posing public health risks in Singapore; and content likely to cause racial and religious disharmony in Singapore.
In conjunction with the foregoing, as at the date of this prospectus, the IMDA is in the process of finalizing the Code of Practice for Online Safety, which when issued will set out measures for designated social media services to enhance online safety for Singapore end-users and curb the spread of harmful content on their service. The Code of Practice for Online Safety is expected to be finalized and issued by the IMDA in the second half of 2023.
Regulations on Consumers
The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 of Singapore, or the UCTA, provides that exclusion clauses in standard terms of business or where one of the contracting parties is a consumer are subject to a condition of “reasonableness.” Also, when a business deals with a consumer, the business cannot render contractual performance substantially different from what was reasonably expected of it, or render no performance at all in respect of the whole or part of any contractual obligation. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 of Singapore, or the SOGA, regulates the sale of goods in Singapore. The SOGA implies certain terms into contracts of sale of goods, which include implied conditions that the seller has or will have the right to sell the goods and that goods supplied are of satisfactory quality. The SOGA also provides that where a seller wrongfully neglects or refuses to deliver goods, the buyer may sue for non-delivery. The damages available are the estimated loss directly and naturally resulting from the seller’s breach of contract in the ordinary course of events. Rights, liabilities and implied conditions arising under a contract of sale pursuant to SOGA may be excluded or varied by contract, subject to the requirements of the UCTA.
The Consumer Protection (Fair Trading) Act 2003 of Singapore, or the CPFTA, provides a buyer who has entered into a transaction involving an unfair practice with the right to bring an action against the supplier. This right to bring an action does not apply where the remedy or relief sought exceeds S$30,000. Unfair practices include situations where the supplier does or says anything which reasonably would result in the consumer being deceived or misled, or where the supplier makes false claims as to origin, performance characteristics or method of manufacture of the product.
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The CPFTA also provides that if goods do not conform to the applicable contract at the time of delivery, the buyer would have the right to require the seller to repair or replace the goods, reduce the amount to be paid for the sale by an appropriate amount or to rescind the contract with regard to the goods in question. Goods which do not conform to the applicable contract at any time within the period of six months from the date on which the goods were delivered will be regarded as not having conformed to the applicable contract at the time of delivery.
Regulation on Electronic Transactions
The Electronic Transactions Act 2010 of Singapore, or the ETA, makes clear that, in general, transactions conducted using paper documents and transactions conducted using electronic communications will be treated equally by the law. There are certain matters which may not be transacted using electronic communications (“Excluded Matters”), namely (i) the creation or execution of a will; (ii) the creation, performance or enforcement of an indenture, declaration of trust or power of attorney (excluding implied, constructive and resulting trusts and a lasting power of attorney); (iii) any contract for the sale or other disposition of immovable property, or any interest in such property; and (iv) the conveyance of immovable property or the transfer of any interest in immovable property.
None of the transactions on our website or platform in Singapore relates to the Excluded Matters above, and the ETA generally facilitates the operation of our website and platform in Singapore and the communications and transactions made therein.
Regulation on Intellectual Property
The Intellectual Property Office of Singapore or IPOS administers the intellectual property legislative framework in Singapore, which includes copyrights, trademarks and patents. Singapore is a member of the main international conventions regulating intellectual property matters, including the World Trade Organisation’s Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
Copyright
The Copyright Act 2021 of Singapore provides exclusive rights to authors of protected works such as reproduction and communication of the protected works to the public. Copyright protection is automatically granted to authors who create and express an original work in a tangible form. Authors and performers also have the right to be identified when their works or performances are used in public, unless exceptions apply. For commissioned works, the author will own the copyright by default, unless otherwise agreed upon by contract. On the other hand, employers by default own the copyright in all content created by their employees during such employees’ employment, unless otherwise specified in a contract.
There is no need to file for registration to obtain copyright protection. Copyright works transmitted over the internet or stored on web servers receive the same protection as copyright works in other media.
Trademark
Singapore operates a first-to-file system in respect of registered trademarks under the Trade Marks Act 1998, or the TMA. The TMA establishes the law for trademarks in Singapore, including infringement of registered trademarks and the position of parallel-imported luxury goods. There are civil reliefs (such as injunction or damages) and criminal sanctions (such as fines) stipulated in the TMA for the import, sale or other commercial dealings in goods that infringe or counterfeit the registered trademarks belonging to brand owners.
Patents
The Patents Act 1994 of Singapore confers protection on patentable inventions on a first-to-file basis in Singapore, provided that the invention satisfies the requirements of novelty, having an inventive step and industrial applicability. Patents are valid for 20 years from the date of filing, subject to the payment of annual renewal fees. During the life of the patent, the owner will have the exclusive right to exploit the invention that is the subject of the patent.
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Indonesia
Regulations on Foreign Investment and Foreign Ownership Restrictions
Foreign investment in Indonesia, including our investments, is primarily governed under Law No. 25 of 2007 regarding Investment, issued on April 26, 2007 (“Law No. 25/2007”) as amended Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation as stipulated to become a Law based on Law No. 6 of 2023 concerning Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation to become Law (the “Omnibus Law,” and together with Law No. 25/2007, the “Investment Law”). The Investment Law provides that all business sectors or business lines in Indonesia are open to foreign investment, except those which are expressly closed to or restricted from foreign investment, or those business sectors or business lines that can only be carried out by the central government. The Investment Law also stipulates that foreign direct investment in Indonesia must be in the form of a limited liability company, established by virtue of the laws of and domiciled in the Republic of Indonesia, unless otherwise stipulated by law.
The Indonesian government from time to time provides a list of business activities that are either open to foreign investment, subject to certain conditions or closed to foreign investment, which is known as the “Investment List.” The current Investment List is set forth in Presidential Regulation (“PR”) No. 10 of 2021 regarding Investment Business Activities, dated February 2, 2021 as amended by PR No. 49 of 2021 dated May 24, 2021 (“PR 10/2021”). Foreign investors wishing to invest in Indonesia must structure their investment in accordance with the restrictions or requirements applicable to their intended business activities under PR 10/2021. They must also determine whether the foreign investment company can be wholly or partially owned by foreign shareholders before setting up the company.
In addition, the Investment Law strictly prohibits domestic and foreign investors from entering into agreements and/or statements stating that the share ownership in a company is held for and on behalf of another person. Under Investment Law, any such agreements and/or statements shall be deemed void by law.
Regulations Related to Business Activities of the Indonesian Subsidiaries
Regulations on Wholesale Business Activity
Trading business activities in Indonesia, including wholesale trading business activities, is primarily governed under Government Regulation No. 29 of 2021 regarding the Organization of the Trade Sector, issued on February 2, 2021 (“GR No. 29/2021”). In general, the distribution of goods in Indonesia may be carried out through direct distribution of goods or indirect distribution of goods. Direct distribution of goods allows the goods to be distributed directly to consumers, whereas indirect distribution of goods requires distribution business actors, such as distributors, wholesalers, or retailers, to distribute goods to consumers through a distribution chain.
GR No. 29/2021 provides that to carry out wholesale trading business activities, wholesalers must obtain business licensing as a wholesaler and form a cooperation with producers, distributors, or importers of goods under a written agreement. There are restrictions for wholesalers in carrying out wholesale trading business activities, such as (i) prohibited from distributing goods at retail to consumers and (ii) distributing goods marketed by the direct selling system.
In addition to GR No. 29/2021, wholesalers who are also foreign investment companies must comply with Minister of Trade (“MOT”) Regulation No. 24 of 2021 regarding Agreements for the Distribution of Goods by Distributors or Agents, issued on 1 April 2021 (“MOTR No. 24/2021”). The MOTR No. 24/2021 provides that foreign investment trading companies, including but not limited to wholesalers, shall appoint domestic investment companies as distributors, sole distributors, agents, or sole agents. PR 10/2021 also provides that other than wholesale trading on fishery products, foreign investment companies/wholesalers may carry out wholesale trading business activities on any goods without any foreign investment restriction.
PTWB has obtained the required license to comply with the prevailing regulations.
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Regulations on Electronic Systems Provider Registration
In October 2019, the Government of Indonesia enacted Government Regulation No. 71 of 2019 on the Implementation of Electronic System and Transactions (the “Electronic System Regulation”) which requires that all electronic system operators register themselves with Ministry of Communications & Information Technology (“MOCIT”) to obtain an Electronic System Provider Registration Certificate (Surat Tanda Terdaftar Penyelenggara Sistem Elektronik) (“Registration Certificate”). Such Registration Certificate will be issued once the registration process with MOCIT has been completed. The Electronic System Regulation requires the registration of any Electronic System Provider which owns an internet-based portal, website, or an application, that is used to:
| a. | provide, manage, and/or operate offering and/or trade goods and/or services; |
| b. | provide, manage, and/or operate financial transaction services; |
| c. | deliver material or paid digital content through data network by downloading through a portal, website, emails, or other applications to users’ devices; |
| d. | provide, manage, and/or operate communication services in the form of short text messages, voice call, video call, electronic mail, and digital chat room, networking services and social media; |
| e. | be used as search engine services, or to provide electronic information in the form of text, voice, picture, animation, music, video, film, and games or combination of it; and/or |
| f. | process personal data for electronic transactions. |
Further, based on Indonesian Minister of Communications and Information Technology Regulation No. 5 of 2020, as amended by Minister of Communications and Information Technology Regulation No. 10 of 2021 regarding Private Electronic System Operator, all private electronic system operators, including offshore private operators, have to register themselves to the MOCIT. Violation of this provision may be subject to administrative sanction, namely access blocking.
PTWB conduct its business activities through an electronic system (application) owned by New Retail as the shareholder of PTWB, where New Retail has obtained the required Registration Certificate.
Regulations on Competition
Business competition and monopolistic practices in Indonesia are generally regulated under Law No. 5 of 1999 regarding Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition, dated March 5, 1999, as amended by the Omnibus Law (the “Competition Law”). Pursuant to the Competition Law, business actors in Indonesia are prohibited from, among other things, (i) entering into anti-competitive agreements or engaging in conduct that results in oligopoly and/or oligopsony, price-fixing and resale price maintenance, market allocations, boycotts, cartel, trust, vertical integration or closed agreements; (ii) engaging in actions such as monopoly, monopsony, market control, or conspiracy; and (iii) abusing dominant positions. There are two types of standards of proof recognized under the Competition Law, depending on the provision thereof, namely the “rule of reason” and “illegal per se.” The “rule of reason” requires the assessment of the anti-competitive effects of the business activity, while “illegal per se” provides that a violation exists insofar as all elements provided under the Competition Law are met.
The Business Competition Supervisory Commission (Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (“KPPU”)) has the authority to supervise the implementation of the Competition Law. The KPPU is an independent institution that reports to the President of the Republic of Indonesia. Further, transactions that meet certain thresholds set forth in the Competition Law and KPPU regulations must be reported post factum to the KPPU within 30 business days of the date the transaction is legally effective. The KPPU has the authority to substantively review whether the transaction is in violation of the Competition Law, which may then be subjected to certain structural and/or behavioral remedies.
Pursuant to the Competition Law, and as further elaborated by Government Regulation No. 44 of 2021 regarding Implementation of Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition, dated February 2, 2021, non-compliance with the Competition Law could subject the offending party to administrative sanctions imposed by the KPPU. These administrative sanctions are partial or entire annulment of the relevant agreement, order of cessation of the prohibited action, unwinding of the relevant transaction, payment of compensation, and administrative fine. The administrative fine is a minimum of IDR1 billion (approximately $69,000) and a maximum of (i) 50% of the net profit received by the perpetrator in the relevant market during the period in which the non-compliance persists, (ii) 10% of the total sales in the relevant market during the period in which the non-compliance persists or (iii) IDR25 billion (approximately $1.7 million), which applies only for failure to report a notifiable transaction to the KPPU in a timely manner.
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MANAGEMENT
Executive Officers and Directors
The following table provides information regarding our executive officers and directors as of the date of this prospectus:
| Name | Age | Position(s) | ||
| Bin Xue | 42 | Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and Director | ||
| Ai Lian Phang | 41 | Chief Financial Officer | ||
| Lei Liu | 42 | Chief Technology Officer | ||
| Michelle Ting Ting Tan | 30 | Chief Operating Officer, Director | ||
| William Tat-Nin Chang(1)(2)(3) | 68 | Independent Director, Chair of Nominating and Compensation Committee | ||
| Ms. Fangqin Lin(1)(2)(3) | 54 | Independent Director, Chair of Audit Committee | ||
| Lizhi Qiao(1)(2)(3) | 41 | Independent Director |
| (1) | Member of the Audit Committee |
| (2) | Member of the Compensation Committee |
| (3) | Member of the Nominating Committee |
Bin Xue, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and Director
Mr. Bin Xue is the founder of the Company and has been its chief executive officer since August 2019; Mr. Xue is also the chairman of our board of directors. Mr. Xue started his career as an engineer at SMIC Thermal Couple (TC) Lab from 2004 to 2006, where he conducted TC research. Between March 2006 and May 2012, Mr. Xue served as a senior engineer at Global Founderies where he was in charge of 65nm & 45nm SRAM low power and generic process development, poly module and reliability issue. Between May 2012 and August 2019 and prior to founding the Company, Mr. Xue served as the co-founder and the chief strategy officer of Ezbuy Group, which later merged with Lightinthebox Holding Litb, a New York Stock Exchange listed company, where he was responsible for setting up the operations infrastructure, spearheading the regional growth plan and leading the company’s international expansion, which included building up teams in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Taiwan, and Pakistan. At Ezbuy, Mr. Xue accumulated over 7 years of e-commerce experience across all major disciplines such as business strategy, finance management, product design, marketing, customer service and logistics. Mr. Xue obtained Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanics and Engineering Science from Fudan University degree in 2004, and Master of Science degree in Microelectronics from the National University of Singapore in 2008.
Ai Lian Phang, Chief Financial Officer
Ms. Ai Lian Catherine Phang has been the chief financial officer of the Company since October 2020. Having worked at a number of prestigious firms throughout her career, Ms. Phang possesses rich experience in accounting. From November 2010 to May 2011, Ms. Phang served as a senior associate at KPMG LLP, where she was responsible for planning and performing audit procedures, leading and managing multiple audit engagement teams. Her industry services spans from trading in power transmission and control equipment, research and development, to healthcare, aviation, and investment holding companies. From June 2011 to October 2012, Ms. Phang served as the group financial controller at Vikudha Singapore Pte Ltd, where she oversaw the finance department, ensured compliance with statutory, audit, taxation and regulatory requirements for the company, coordinated and prepared budget reports such as OPEX and CAPEX, and monitored cash flow projections. At Vikudha Singapore Pte Ltd, Ms. Phang was successful in helping establish BVI companies and develop new businesses. From November 2012 to November 2013, Ms. Phang worked as a financial analyst at HP Asia Pte Ltd., where she supported the finance department by resolving a variety of problems within established guidelines, recommending alternatives, performing detailed analysis on foreign currency revaluation on monthly basis, and ensuring compliance with SOX internal controls and guidelines. From November 2013 to October 2020, Ms. Phang served as Group Financial Controller at Mattenplant Pte Ltd., where she managed and administered full spectrums of Regional Human Resource, Administration and Finance functions and supported corporate governance and compliance matters, ensuring the company’s compliance with all relevant regional laws and regulations. Ms. Phang obtained her Bachelor of commerce degree in accounting and finance from Curtin University of Technology, Australia.
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Lei Liu, Chief Technology Officer
Mr. Lei Liu has been the chief technology officer of the Company since December 2020. Mr. Liu started his career at IBM China Development Center as an R&D engineer, where he was responsible for system development of the IBM solution platform project such as the front-end JQuery and back-end Java, and the BVT script development of High-scale low-touch cloud computing project. From August 2011 to September 2014, Mr. Liu worked at JD.com as a system architect, where his main responsibilities included the development of JD commodity search client website, which involve hundreds of millions of visits, writing of high-quality code for high concurrent access, optimizing the algorithm to improve system program performance and stability, managing PHP underlying virtual machine technology HHVM, and Hiphop PGP architecture performance optimization research. From October 2014 to September 2017, Mr. Liu worked as a technical director for Vancl (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., where he was responsible for organizing and formulating the product development plan of the company’s e-commerce system, planning the technical framework of products, organizing research on the latest technology development in mobile internet, the front-end and back-end system architecture, and carrying out echelon construction of the company’s technical team, including professional training, technical guidance, and performance evaluation. Mr. Liu obtained his Bachelor’s degree in computer science from Beihua University in Jilin, China, in 2006.
Michelle Ting Ting Tan, Chief Operating Officer and Director
Ms. Ting Ting Michelle Tan has served as a director of the Company since January 2019 and the chief operating officer since January 2022, and her responsibilities included analyzing systems and implementation of sales, setting up systems for customer service department, managing digital marketing, formulating and executing plans for remarketing to increase revenue, setting up marketing communication channels, and developing the Indonesian market. From December 2012 to January 2017, Ms. Tan served as a team leader of Alfestco Ptd Ltd., where she conducted interviewed and trained new sellers, handled stock taking, oversaw the daily operations of the Little Christmas Hat project, which included managing a group of 30 people daily, scrutinized stocks and ensured proper documentation of the project. From July 2017 to May 2018, Ms. Tan was a management trainee of Ezbuy, where she planned and supported daily operations in logistics department, organized and assisted in various warehouse sales, and crafted plans to improve operation systems and efficiency. Ms. Tan obtained her Bachelor of engineering degree with honors from National University of Singapore in 2017.
William Tat-Nin Chang, Independent Director and Chair of Compensation Committee and Nominating Committee
Mr. Chang serves as our independent director and chairman of the compensation committee and nominating committee and as a member of the audit committee.
Before joining the Company, Mr. Chang had over 25 years of experience in the telecommunication industry. Mr. Chang worked as a regional director in Nortel (Asia Pacific) from 1997 to 2002. He then performed as the CEO at TG-Nortel/3D from 2002 to 2005. From 2005 to 2007, he was a managing director of Nokia (Malaysia) and a regional director of Nortel (Asia Pacific). From 2007 to 2009, he was the CEO of Nokia Siemens Multimedia/APAC and the country director of Nokia Siemens (Malaysia). From 2009 to 2010, he was the head of the indirect channel business at Nokia Siemens (Asia North Sub-region). From 2010 to 2013, he was the Chief Planning & Strategy Officer of U Mobile (Malaysia), and from 2013 to the present, he is the managing partner of e-Tel Consulting LLP (Singapore/Asia Pacific region). Mr. Chang has extensive business management, operations, and business development experiences with an excellent track record for start-ups, business transformation and sustainable business growth, with proven track records and a network of executive contacts in the Asia Pacific region and Canada/USA.
Mr. Chang obtained a bachelor’s degree of Applied Science (BASc) in the University of British Columbia and a master’s degree of Business Administration (MBA) from the National University of Singapore.
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Fangqin Lin, Independent Director and Chair of Audit Committee
Ms. Fangqin Lin serves as our independent director and chairwoman of the audit committee and member of the nomination committee and audit committee.
Ms. Fangqin Lin has over 20 years of experience in finance planning & analysis (“FP&A”) and financial control. Ms. Lin started her career in 1993 with Hongcheng Trading Co. in Xiamen China as a financial officer, where she was responsible for maintaining full sets of accounts, preparing monthly reports, and monitoring cash accounts. She would thereafter spend two decades at Citibank Singapore. From July 2009 to February 2019, Ms. Lin served as the head of finance and FP&A and senior vice president, where she was in charge of facilitating the monthly management meeting and ensuring follow-up with stakeholders for action items, overseeing transformation projects, and designing sales incentive program design and tracking, performance management, and ensuring the effectiveness of client experience programs. From November 2017 to October 2022, Ms. Lin was in charge of supervising FP&A activities that supported IPB, GCB Retail Bank, Citibusiness, GCB Expense, and overall GCB coverage, and overseeing finance model and ICAAP Model attestation. Ms. Lin obtained a degree of Master of Science in Management from the National University of Singapore and a Master of Economics from Xiamen University.
Lizhi Qiao, Independent Director
Mr. Qiao serves as our independent director and a member of the compensation, nominating, and audit committees.
Before joining the Company, Mr. Qiao had over 14 years of experience in the tech hardware and e-commerce industry. Mr. Qiao worked as a product engineer at Global Founders Singapore from 2008 to 2010. He then performed as the co-founder of EZBUY from 2010 to 2019. From 2019 to the present, he is a vice president of global expansion of Light in the Box (NYSE: LITB). Mr. Qiao has extensive experience in B2C e-commerce, especially in market operations, customer relations, and product design and execution.
Mr. Qiao obtained a bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering from the National University of Singapore.
Family Relationships
There are no family relationships among any of our directors, director nominees or executive officers as defined in Item 401 of Regulation S-K.
Employment Agreements and Director Offer Letters
We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers pursuant to which such individuals agreed to serve as our executive officers. Pursuant to these agreements, we will be entitled to terminate an executive officer’s employment for cause at any time. Each executive officer will agree not to, directly or indirectly, provide the same or substantially the same services that he/she provides to the Company to any other business in certain area.
We have also entered into director offer letters with each of our independent director nominees which agreements set forth the terms and provisions of their engagement.
Election of Officers
Our executive officers are appointed by, and serve at the discretion of, our board of directors.
Board Diversity
The Board of Directors does not have a formal policy with respect to Board nominee diversity. In recommending proposed nominees to the Board of Directors, the Nominating Committee is charged with building and maintaining a board that has an ideal mix of talent and experience to achieve our business objectives in the current environment. In particular, the Nominating Committee is focused on relevant subject matter expertise, depth of knowledge in key areas that are important to us, and diversity of thought, background, perspective and experience so as to facilitate robust debate and broad thinking on strategies and tactics pursued by us.
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The following table provides certain information regarding the diversity of our Board of Directors as of the date of this annual report.
Board Diversity Matrix (As of the date of this prospectus)
| Country of Principal Executive Offices: | Singapore | |||
| Foreign Private Issuer | Yes | |||
| Disclosure Prohibited Under Home Country Law | No | |||
| Total Number of Directors | 5 |
| Female | Male | Non-Binary | Did Not Disclose Gender | |||||||||||||
| Part I: Gender Identity | ||||||||||||||||
| Directors | 2 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||||||
| Part II: Demographic Background | ||||||||||||||||
| Underrepresented Individual in Home Country Jurisdiction | — | |||||||||||||||
| LGBTQ+ | — | |||||||||||||||
Board of Directors
We expect our board of directors to consist of five directors, three of whom are independent as such term is defined by the Nasdaq Capital Market. We expect that all current directors will continue to serve after this offering.
Pursuant to the second amended and restated articles of association of the Company, at each annual general meeting of the Company one third of the directors for the time being (or, if their number is not a multiple of three (3), the number nearest to but not greater than one third) shall retire from office by rotation, provided that every director shall be subject to retirement at an annual general meeting at least once every three years. A retiring director shall be eligible for re-election by ordinary resolution of the members of the Company.
Under the second amended and restated articles of association of the Company, a director’s office shall be vacated if the director (i) becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors; (ii) becomes of unsound mind or dies; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to the Company; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board of directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the board of directors and the board of directors resolves that his office be vacated; (v) is prohibited by law from being a director; or (vi) is removed from office pursuant to the laws of the Cayman Islands or any other provisions of the articles of association of the Company.
A director who to his knowledge is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement with the Company shall declare the nature of his interest at the meeting of our board of directors at which the question of entering into the contract or arrangement is first considered, if he knows his interest then exists, or in any other case at the first meeting of our board of directors after he knows that he is or has become so interested. For this purpose, a general notice to our board of directors by a director to the effect that:
| (a) | he is a member or officer of a specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the notice be made with that company or firm; or |
| (b) | he is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the notice be made with a specified person, who is connected with him, |
shall be deemed to be a sufficient declaration of interest under the articles of association of the Company in relation to any such contract or arrangement, provided that no such notice shall be effective unless either it is given at a meeting of the board of directors or the director takes reasonable steps to secure that it is brought up and read at the next board of directors meeting after it is given.
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Following a declaration being made pursuant to the above, subject to any separate requirement for Audit Committee approval under applicable law or the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, and unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, a director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which such director is interested and may be counted in the quorum at such meeting.
Board Committees
We have established three committees under the board of directors: an audit committee, a compensation committee and a nominating committee. We have adopted a charter for each of the three committees. Copies of our committee charters will be posted on our corporate investor relations website prior to our listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market.
Each committee’s members and functions are described below.
Audit Committee. Our audit committee consists of William Tat-Nin Chang, Fangqin Lin and Lizhi Qiao. Fangqin Linis the chair of our audit committee. The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:
| ● | appointing the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response; |
| ● | discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors; |
| ● | reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our accounting and internal control policies and procedures and any steps taken to monitor and control major financial risk exposures; |
| ● | reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions; |
| ● | meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors; and |
| ● | monitoring compliance with our code of business conduct and ethics, including reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of our procedures to ensure proper compliance. |
Compensation Committee. Our compensation committee consists of William Tat-Nin Chang, Fangqin Lin and Lizhi Qiao. William Tat-Nin Chang us the chair of our compensation committee. The compensation committee is responsible for, among other things:
| ● | reviewing and approving, or recommending to the board for its approval, the compensation for our chief executive officer and other executive officers; |
| ● | reviewing and recommending to the shareholders for determination with respect to the compensation of our directors; |
| ● | reviewing periodically and approving any incentive compensation or equity plans, programs or similar arrangements; and |
| ● | selecting compensation consultant, legal counsel or other adviser only after taking into consideration all factors relevant to that person’s independence from management. |
Nominating Committee. Our nominating committee consists of William Tat-Nin Chang, Fangqin Lin and Lizhi Qiao. William Tat-Nin Chang serves as the chair of our nominating committee. The nominating committee assists the board of directors in selecting individuals qualified to become our directors and in determining the composition of the board and its committees. The nominating committee is responsible for, among other things:
| ● | selecting and recommending to the board nominees for election by the shareholders or appointment by the board; |
| ● | reviewing annually with the board the current composition of the board with regards to characteristics such as independence, knowledge, skills, experience and diversity; |
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| ● | making recommendations on the frequency and structure of board meetings and monitoring the functioning of the committees of the board; and |
| ● | advising the board periodically with regards to significant developments in the law and practice of corporate governance as well as our compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and making recommendations to the board on all matters of corporate governance and on any remedial action to be taken. |
Duties of Directors
Under Cayman Islands law, our board of directors has the powers necessary for managing, and for directing and supervising, our business affairs. The functions and powers of our board of directors include, among others:
| ● | convening shareholders’ annual and extraordinary general meetings and reporting its work to shareholders at such meetings; |
| ● | declaring dividends and distributions; |
| ● | appointing officers and determining the term of office of the officers; |
| ● | exercising the borrowing powers of our company and mortgaging the property of our company; and |
| ● | approving the transfer of shares in our company, including the registration of such shares in our share register. |
Under Cayman Islands law, our directors owe fiduciary duties to our company, including: (i) a duty to act in good faith in what the director believes to be in the best interests of the company as a whole; (ii) a duty to exercise powers for the purposes for which those powers were conferred and not for a collateral purpose; (iii) directors should not improperly fetter the exercise of future discretion; (iv) a duty not to put themselves in a position in which there is a conflict between their duty to the company and their personal interests; and (v) a duty to exercise independent judgment. In addition to the above, directors also owe a duty to act with skill, care and diligence. This duty has been defined as a requirement to act as a reasonably diligent person having both the general knowledge, skill and experience that may reasonably be expected of a person carrying out the same functions as are carried out by that director in relation to the company and the general knowledge, skill and experience which that director has. As set out above, directors have a duty not to put themselves in a position of conflict and this includes a duty not to engage in self-dealing, or to otherwise benefit as a result of their position. However, following a declaration being made pursuant to the articles of association of the Company, subject to any separate requirement for Audit Committee approval under applicable law or the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, and unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, a director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which such director is interested and may be counted in the quorum at such meeting. You should refer to “Description of Share Capital — Differences in Corporate Law” for additional information on our standard of corporate governance under Cayman Islands law.
Interested Transactions
A director who to his knowledge is in any way, whether directly or indirectly, interested in a contract or arrangement or proposed contract or arrangement with the Company shall declare the nature of his interest at the meeting of our board of directors at which the question of entering into the contract or arrangement is first considered, if he knows his interest then exists, or in any other case at the first meeting of our board of directors after he knows that he is or has become so interested. For this purpose, a general notice to our board of directors by a director to the effect that:
| (a) | he is a member or officer of a specified company or firm and is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the notice be made with that company or firm; or |
| (b) | he is to be regarded as interested in any contract or arrangement which may after the date of the notice be made with a specified person who is connected with him, shall be deemed to be a sufficient declaration of interest under the articles of association of the Company in relation to any such contract or arrangement, provided that no such notice shall be effective unless either it is given at a meeting of the board of directors or the director takes reasonable steps to secure that it is brought up and read at the next board of directors meeting after it is given. |
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Following a declaration being made pursuant to the above, subject to any separate requirement for Audit Committee approval under applicable law or the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, and unless disqualified by the chairman of the relevant board meeting, a director may vote in respect of any contract or proposed contract or arrangement in which such director is interested and may be counted in the quorum at such meeting.
Foreign Private Issuer Exemption
We are a “foreign private issuer,” as defined by the SEC. As a result, in accordance with the rules and regulations of Nasdaq, we may choose to comply with home country governance requirements and certain exemptions thereunder rather than complying with Nasdaq corporate governance standards. We may choose to take advantage of the following exemptions afforded to foreign private issuers:
| ● | Exemption from filing quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, from filing proxy solicitation materials on Schedule 14A or 14C in connection with annual or special meetings of shareholders, from providing current reports on Form 8-K disclosing significant events within four days of their occurrence, and from the disclosure requirements of Regulation FD. |
| ● | Exemption from Section 16 rules regarding sales of ordinary shares by insiders, which will provide less data in this regard than shareholders of U.S. companies that are subject to the Exchange Act. |
| ● | Exemption from the Nasdaq rules applicable to domestic issuers requiring disclosure within four business days of any determination to grant a waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics to directors and officers. Although we will require board approval of any such waiver, we may choose not to disclose the waiver in the manner set forth in the Nasdaq rules, as permitted by the foreign private issuer exemption. |
| ● | Exemption from the requirement that our board of directors have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities. |
| ● | Exemption from the requirements that director nominees are selected, or recommended for selection by our board of directors, either by (1) independent directors constituting a majority of our board of directors’ independent directors in a vote in which only independent directors participate, or (2) a committee comprised solely of independent directors, and that a formal written charter or board resolution, as applicable, addressing the nominations process is adopted. |
Furthermore, Nasdaq Rule 5615(a)(3) provides that a foreign private issuer, such as us, may rely on our home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain of the rules in the Nasdaq Rule 5600 Series and Rule 5250(d), provided that we nevertheless comply with Nasdaq’s Notification of Noncompliance requirement (Rule 5625), the Voting Rights requirement (Rule 5640) and that we intend to have an audit committee that satisfies Rule 5605(c)(3), consisting of committee members that meet the independence requirements of Rule 5605(c)(2)(A)(ii). If we rely on our home country corporate governance practices in lieu of certain of the rules of Nasdaq, our shareholders may not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. If we choose to do so, we may utilize these exemptions for as long as we continue to qualify as a foreign private issuer.
Although we are permitted to follow certain corporate governance rules that conform to Cayman Islands requirements in lieu of many of the Nasdaq corporate governance rules, we intend to comply with the Nasdaq corporate governance rules applicable to foreign private issuers.
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Other Corporate Governance Matters
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as related rules subsequently implemented by the SEC, requires foreign private issuers, including us, to comply with various corporate governance practices. In addition, Nasdaq rules provide that foreign private issuers may follow home country practices in lieu of the Nasdaq corporate governance standards, subject to certain exceptions and except to the extent that such exemptions would be contrary to U.S. federal securities laws.
Because we are a foreign private issuer, our members of our board of directors, executive board members and senior management are not subject to short-swing profit and insider trading reporting obligations under section 16 of the Exchange Act. They will, however, be subject to the obligations to report changes in share ownership under section 13 of the Exchange Act and related SEC rules.
Remuneration and Borrowing
The directors may receive such remuneration as our board of directors may determine from time to time. Each director is entitled to be repaid or prepaid all traveling, hotel and incidental expenses reasonably incurred or expected to be incurred in attending meetings of our board of directors or committees of our board of directors or shareholder meetings or otherwise in connection with the discharge of his or her duties as a director. The compensation committee will assist the directors in reviewing and approving the compensation structure for the directors.
Qualification
There are no membership qualifications for directors. Further, there are no share ownership qualifications for directors unless so fixed by us in a general meeting. There are no other arrangements or understandings pursuant to which our directors are selected or nominated.
Director Compensation
All directors hold office until the next annual meeting of shareholders at which they are re-elected and until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors. Employee directors are entitled receive compensation for their services. Non-employee directors are entitled to receive a set amount of cash fee for serving as directors. In addition, non-employee directors are entitled to receive compensation for their actual travel expenses for each Board of Directors meeting attended, and any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with their services provided in such capacity. We have entered into agreements with our directors Bin Xue, Michelle Ting Ting Tan, William Tat-Nin Chang, Lixia Tu, Fangqin Lin and Lizhi Qiao. In addition, our chairman Bin Xue receives compensation for his service as an officer of the Company. He has not received and will not receive compensation as a director of the Company.
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The table below indicates the compensations we paid to our Board of Directors in their capacity as directors for fiscal years 2023 and 2022:
| Name | Fiscal Year or Period | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Share Awards ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bin Xue | 2023 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chairman of the Board(1) | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Michelle Ting Ting Tan | 2023 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Director | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fangqin Lin(2) | 2023 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Independent Director and Chairwoman of Audit Committee | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| William Tat-Nin Chang | 2023 | 4,486 | — | — | — | 4,486 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Independent Director and Chairman of Compensation and Nominating Committee | 2022 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lizhi Qiao | 2023 | 2,990 | — | — | — | 2,990 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Independent Director | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lixia Tu(3) | 2023 | 3,738 | — | — | — | 3,738 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Former Independent Director | 2022 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| (1) | Bin Xue has been the Chief Executive Officer and the Chairman of the Board since inception. Mr. Xue received an annual salary for his service as the CEO and does not receive any compensation as a director. |
| (2) | Fangqin Lin was appointed as an Independent Director, effective February 1, 2024. |
| (3) | Lixia Tu was appointed as an independent director, the chairwoman of the Audit Committee, and a member of the Nominating Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Company, effective October 17, 2023. Ms. Tu resigned as an independent director, the chairwoman of the Audit Committee, and a member of the Nominating Committee and the Compensation Committee, effective December 14, 2023. |
Involvement in Certain Legal Proceedings
To the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or officers has been convicted in a criminal proceeding, excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors, nor has any been a party to any judicial or administrative proceeding during the past five years that resulted in a judgment, decree or final order enjoining the person from future violations of, or prohibiting activities subject to, federal or state securities laws, or a finding of any violation of federal or state securities laws, except for matters that were dismissed without sanction or settlement. Except as set forth in our discussion below in “Related Party Transactions,” our directors and officers have not been involved in any transactions with us or any of our affiliates or associates which are required to be disclosed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
We adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that will be applicable to all of our directors, executive officers and employees.
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EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Executive Compensation
The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors determined the compensation to be paid to our executive officers based on our financial and operating performance and prospects, and contributions made by the officers to our success. And our compensation committee approved our salary and benefit plans. Each of the named officers will be measured by a series of performance criteria by the Board of Directors, or the compensation committee on a yearly basis. Such criteria will be set forth based on certain objective parameters such as job characteristics, required professionalism, management skills, interpersonal skills, related experience, personal performance and overall corporate performance.
Our employment agreements with our officers generally provide for employment for a specific term and pay annual salary, health insurance, pension insurance, and paid vacation and family leave time. The agreement may be terminated by either party as permitted by law. In the event of a breach or termination of the agreement by our company, we may be obligated to pay the employee twice the ordinary statutory rate. In the event of a breach or termination causing loss to our company by the employee, the employee may be required to indemnify us against loss. We have executed employment agreements with Mr. Bin Xue Mr. Lei Liu and Ms. Ai Lian Phang.
The following table presents summary information regarding the total compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to each of the named executive officers for services rendered to us for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
| Name and Principal Position | Fiscal Year or Period | Salary ($) | Bonus ($) | Share Awards ($) | All Other Compensation ($) | Total ($) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bin Xue | 2023 | 67,032 | — | — | — | 67,032 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Executive Officer | 2022 | 63,964 | — | — | — | 63,964 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ai Lian Phang | 2023 | 73,363 | — | — | 804 | 74,167 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | 2022 | 69,620 | — | — | — | 69,620 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lei Liu | 2023 | 51,123 | — | — | — | 51,123 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Technology Officer | 2022 | 55,435 | — | — | — | 55,435 | ||||||||||||||||||
Compensation Recovery Policy
On December 1, 2023, our board of directors adopted an executive compensation recovery policy (the “Compensation Recovery Policy”), providing for the recovery of certain incentive-based compensation from current and former executive officers of the Company in the event the Company is required to restate any of its financial statements filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act in order to correct an error that is material to the previously-issued financial statements, or that would result in a material misstatement if the error were corrected in the current period or left uncorrected in the current period. Adoption of the Compensation Recovery Policy was mandated by new Nasdaq listing standards introduced pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 10D-1. The Compensation Recovery Policy is in addition to Section 304 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 which permits the SEC to order the disgorgement of bonuses and incentive-based compensation earned by a registrant issuer’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer in the year following the filing of any financial statement that the issuer is required to restate because of misconduct, and the reimbursement of those funds to the issuer. A copy of the Compensation Recovery Policy has been filed herewith as Exhibit 97.1.
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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
The following table sets forth information with respect to beneficial ownership of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares as of the date of this prospectus by:
| ● | Each person who is known by us to beneficially own more than 5% of our outstanding Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares; |
| ● | Each of our director, director nominees and named executive officers; and |
| ● | All directors and named executive officers as a group. |
Our company is authorized to issue 259,950,000,000 Class A ordinary shares of $0.000000385 par value per share and 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of $0.000000385 par value per share. The number and percentage of ordinary shares beneficially owned are based on 30,986,200 Class A ordinary shares of $0.000000385 par value per share and 21,395,400 Class B ordinary shares of $0.000000385 par value per share issued and outstanding as of the date of this report. Information with respect to beneficial ownership has been furnished by each director, officer or beneficial owner of more than 5% of our Class A ordinary shares and/or Class B ordinary shares. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally requires that such person have voting or investment power with respect to securities. As of the date hereof, we have 23 registered shareholders of record of Class A ordinary shares and 3 registered shareholders of record of Class B ordinary shares.
| Named Executive Officers and Directors | Amount of Beneficial Ownership (Class A) | Percentage Ownership (Class A) | Amount of Beneficial Ownership (Class B) | Percentage Ownership (Class B) | Pre-Offering
Combined Voting Power of Class A and Class B Shares(3) | Post Offering Combined Voting Power of Class A and Class B Shares | ||||||||||||||||||
| Directors and Named Executive Officers: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bin Xue, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman(1) | — | 0 | % | 16,989,462 | 79.41 | % | 69.36 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Ai Lian Phang, Chief Financial Officer | — | 0 | % | — | 0 | % | 0 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Lei Liu, Chief Technology Officer(1) | — | 0 | % | — | 0 | % | 0 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Michelle Ting Ting Tan, Director(2) | — | 0 | % | 718,839 | 3.36 | % | 2.93 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Fangqin Lin, Independent Director and Chairwoman of Audit Committee | — | 0 | % | — | 0 | % | 0 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| William Tat-Nin Chang, Independent Director and Chairman of Compensation and Nominating Committees | — | 0 | % | — | 0 | % | 0 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Lizhi Qiao, Independent Director | — | 0 | % | — | 0 | % | 0 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| All directors and executive officers as a group (7 persons) | — | 0 | % | 17,708,301 | 82.77 | % | 72.30 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| 5% Beneficial Owners: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| GBUY GLOBAL LTD(3) | — | 0 | % | 17,056,000 | 71.42 | % | 25.90 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| TLCW VENTURES PTE. LTD(4) | 6,276,400 | 20.26 | % | — | 0 | % | 2.56 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| WEBUY TALENT LTD(5) | — | 0 | % | 4,269,200 | 17.43 | % | % | |||||||||||||||||
| Wavemaker Pacific 3, L.P.(6) | 4,071,600 | 13.14 | % | — | 0 | % | 1.67 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| Rocket Internet Capital Partners ii Scs(7) | 3,663,400 | 11.82 | % | — | 0 | % | 1.50 | % | % | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | Bin Xue holds 12,650,062 and 4,269,200 Class B ordinary shares and 74.17% and 100% equity interest, through GBUY GLOBAL LTD and WEBUY TALENT LTD, respectively. Bin Xue is the sole director of GBUY GLOBAL LTD and WEBUY TALENT LTD, has the power to direct the voting and disposition of the ordinary shares held by GBUY GLOBAL LTD and WEBUY TALENT LTD, and may be deemed the beneficial owner of all ordinary shares held by GBUY GLOBAL LTD and WEBUY TALENT LTD. |
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| (2) | Michelle Ting Ting Tan holds 718,839 shares and 4.21% equity interest in GBUY GLOBAL LTD. |
| (3) | Represents 17,056,000 Class B ordinary shares held by GBUY GLOBAL LTD, which is beneficially owned and controlled by Bin Xue and its current registered address located at Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands. |
| (4) | Represents 6,276,400 Class A ordinary shares held by TLCW VENTURES PTE. LTD, which is beneficially owned and controlled by Tan Chuu Si and its current registered address is located at 21 Sampan Place, #13-04 Riveredge, Singapore 436593. |
| (5) | Represents 4,269,200 Class B ordinary shares held by WEBUY TALENT LTD, which is beneficially owned and controlled by Bin Xue and its current registered address is located at Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands. |
| (6) | Represents 4,071,600 Class A ordinary shares held by Wavemaker Pacific 3, L.P., which is incorporated in the Cayman Islands with a registered address located at Cayman Corporate Center, 27 Hospital Road, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-9008, Cayman Islands. There are three board members of Wavemaker Pacific 3, L.P., namely, Santos Benjamin Paul Bustamante, Hwang Andrew, Hong Chun Shion, who have voting and dispositive power over Wavemaker Pacific 3, L.P. and approval of a majority of directors is required to approve an action. Under the “rule of three,” if voting and dispositive decisions regarding an entity’s securities are made by three or more individuals, and voting and dispositive decisions require approval of a majority of those individuals, then none of the individuals is deemed a beneficial owner of the entity’s securities. Therefore, none of the individual members of the board of directors of Wavemaker Pacific 3, L.P. is a beneficial owner and each such member disclaims beneficial ownership of Wavemaker Pacific 3, L.P. |
| (7) | Represents 3,633,400 Class A ordinary shares held by Rocket Internet Capital Partners ii Scs, which is incorporated in Luxembourg with a registered address located at 12, Rue des Merovingiens, L-8070 Bertrange, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. There are three managers of Rocket Internet Capital Partners ii Scs, namely, Julien De Mayer, Selma Belmejdoub and Thomas Pire, who have voting and dispositive power over Rocket Internet Capital Partners ii Scs. Under the “rule of three,” if voting and dispositive decisions regarding an entity’s securities are made by three or more individuals, and voting and dispositive decisions require approval of a majority of those individuals, then none of the individuals is deemed a beneficial owner of the entity’s securities. Therefore, none of the individual members of the board of directors of Rocket Internet Capital Partners ii Scs is a beneficial owner and each such member disclaims beneficial ownership of Rocket Internet Capital Partners ii Scs. |
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The transactions amount due to directors are as of the following:
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Beginning of the years January 1 | $ | 25,336 | $ | 68,786 | $ | 7,783 | ||||||
| Advances for operation and administration expenses | — | 13,724 | 1,671,801 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange loss | 593 | — | — | |||||||||
| Payments made to a director | 25,929 | (25,009 | ) | (1,610,798 | ) | |||||||
| Reversal of a related party payable due to disposal of a subsidiary | — | (32,165 | ) | — | ||||||||
| Years ended December 31 | $ | 25,929 | $ | 25,336 | $ | 68,786 | ||||||
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SECURITIES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, once we have been subject to public company reporting requirements for at least 90 days, a person who is not deemed to have been one of our affiliates for purposes of the Securities Act at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale and who has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least six months, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, is entitled to sell those shares without complying with the manner of sale, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144, subject to compliance with the public information requirements of Rule 144. If such a person has beneficially owned the shares proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than our affiliates, then that person is entitled to sell those shares without complying with any of the requirements of Rule 144.
In general, under Rule 144, as currently in effect, our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are entitled to sell within any three-month period beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:
| ● | 1% of the number of ordinary shares; or |
| ● | the average weekly trading volume of the ordinary shares during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice on Form 144 with respect to such sale. |
Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about us.
Rule 701
In general, under Rule 701 of the Securities Act as currently in effect, each of our employees, consultants, or advisors who purchases our ordinary shares from us in connection with a compensatory stock plan or other written agreement executed prior to the completion of this offering is eligible to resell those ordinary shares in reliance on Rule 144, but without compliance with some of the restrictions, including the holding period, contained in Rule 144. However, the Rule 701 shares would remain subject to lock-up arrangements and would only become eligible for sale when the lock-up period expires.
Regulation S
Regulation S provides generally that sales made in offshore transactions are not subject to the registration or prospectus-delivery requirements of the Securities Act.
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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL
We are a Cayman Islands exempted company and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, as amended from time to time, and the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, which we refer to as the Companies Act below, and the common law of Cayman Islands.
As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital is US$100,100 divided into 259,950,000,000 Class A Shares, and 50,000,000 Class B Shares, par value of $0.000000385 each. As of the date of this prospectus, 30,986,200 Class A Shares and 21,395,400 Class B Shares are issued and outstanding.
Immediately prior to the completion of this offering, we will have 30,986,200 Class A Shares, par value US$0.000000385 each, issued and outstanding. All of our shares issued and outstanding prior to the completion of the offering are and will be fully paid, and all of our Class A Shares to be issued in the offering will be issued as fully paid.
Our Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association
We have adopted a second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on March 8, 2024. The following are summaries of certain material provisions of our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association adopted on March 8, 2024 (referred to below as our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association) and of the Companies Act, insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares.
Objects of Our Company. Under our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, the objects of our company are unrestricted, and we are capable of exercising all the functions of a natural person of full capacity irrespective of any question of corporate benefit, as provided by section 27(2) of the Companies Act.
Ordinary Shares. Our ordinary shares are issued in registered form and are issued when registered in our register of members. We may not issue shares to bearer. No Class B Shares may be allotted, issued or granted by our company to any person other than the Founders or an Affiliate (as defined in the second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association) of any Founder. Our shareholders who are non-residents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.
Dividends. The holders of our Class A Shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors. The holders of our Class B Shares are not entitled to any dividend or distribution made by our company, save for any distribution to shareholders in the event of the liquidation of our company. Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that dividends may be declared and paid out of the funds of our company lawfully available therefor. Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, our company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account; provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid out of our share premium if this would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business.
Voting Rights. Voting at any meeting of shareholders is by way of a poll save that in the case of a physical meeting, the chairman of the meeting may decide that a vote be on a show of hands unless a poll is demanded by:
| ● | at least three shareholders present in person or by proxy or (in the case of a shareholder being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative for the time being entitled to vote at the meeting; |
| ● | shareholder(s) present in person or by proxy or (in the case of a shareholder being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative representing not less than one-tenth of the total voting rights of all shareholders having the right to vote at the meeting; and |
| ● | shareholder(s) present in person or by proxy or (in the case of a shareholder being a corporation) by its duly authorised representative and holding shares in us conferring a right to vote at the meeting being shares on which an aggregate sum has been paid up equal to not less than one-tenth of the total sum paid up on all shares conferring that right. |
Each Class A Share shall be entitled to one (1) vote on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company, and each Class B Share shall be entitled to ten (10) votes on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of our company.
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An ordinary resolution to be passed at a meeting by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the issued and outstanding ordinary shares at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as a change of name, making changes to our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, a reduction of our share capital and the winding up of our company. Our shareholders may, among other things, divide or combine their shares by ordinary resolution.
General Meetings of Shareholders. As a Cayman Islands exempted company, we are not obliged by the Companies Act to call shareholders’ annual general meetings. Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that we shall, if required by the Companies Act, in each year hold a general meeting as its annual general meeting, and shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it, and the annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as may be determined by our directors. All general meetings (including an annual general meeting, any adjourned general meeting or postponed meeting) may be held as a physical meeting at such times and in any part of the world and at one or more locations, as a hybrid meeting or as an electronic meeting, as may be determined by our board of directors in its absolute discretion.
Shareholders’ general meetings may be convened by the chairperson of our board of directors or by a majority of our board of directors. Advance notice of not less than ten clear days is required for the convening of our annual general shareholders’ meeting (if any) and any other general meeting of our shareholders. A quorum required for any general meeting of shareholders consists of, at the time when the meeting proceeds to business, two shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate (or representing by proxy) not less than one-third of all votes attaching to issued and outstanding shares in our company entitled to vote at such general meeting.
The Companies Act does not provide shareholders with any right to requisition a general meeting or to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association provide that upon the requisition of any one or more of our shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings, our board will convene an extraordinary general meeting and put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. However, our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any right to put any proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings not called by such shareholders.
Transfer of Ordinary Shares. Subject to the restrictions set out below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or in a form prescribed by the relevant stock exchange or any other form approved by our board of directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing, ordinary shares may also be transferred in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the relevant stock exchange.
Upon any direct or indirect sale, transfer, assignment or disposal of any Class B Shares by the holder thereof or the direct or indirect transfer or assignment of the voting power attached to such number of Class B Shares through a voting proxy or otherwise by the holder thereof to any person or entity which is neither ultimately controlled by any Founder nor another holder of Class B Shares or an Affiliate of any Founder or such other holder, all Class B Shares held by such holder shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A Shares.
Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our board of directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless:
| ● | the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of ordinary shares; |
| ● | the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; |
| ● | in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four; and |
| ● | a fee of such maximum sum as the relevant stock exchange may determine to be payable or such lesser sum as our directors may from time to time require is paid to us in respect thereof. |
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If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal.
The registration of transfers may, after compliance with any notice required in accordance with the rules of the relevant stock exchange, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine; provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year as our board may determine.
Liquidation. On the winding up of our company, if the assets available for distribution amongst our shareholders shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the share capital at the commencement of the winding up, the surplus shall be distributed amongst our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them at the commencement of the winding up, subject to a deduction from those shares in respect of which there are monies due, of all monies payable to our company for unpaid calls or otherwise. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, such the assets will be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses are borne by our shareholders in proportion to the par value of the shares held by them.
Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid are subject to forfeiture.
Redemption, Repurchase and Surrender of Shares. We may issue shares on terms that such shares are subject to redemption, at our option or at the option of the holders of these shares, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our board of directors. Our company may also repurchase any of our shares on such terms and in such manner as have been approved by our board of directors. Under the Companies Act, the redemption or repurchase of any share may be paid out of our company’s profits, share premium account or out of the proceeds of a new issue of shares made for the purpose of such redemption or repurchase, or out of capital if our company can, immediately following such payment, pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. In addition, under the Companies Act no such share may be redeemed or repurchased (a) unless it is fully paid up, (b) if such redemption or repurchase would result in there being no shares outstanding or (c) if the company has commenced liquidation. In addition, our company may accept the surrender of any fully paid share for no consideration.
Variations of Rights of Shares. Whenever the capital of our company is divided into different classes the rights attached to any such class may, subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class, only be varied with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation, allotment or issue of further shares ranking pari passu with such existing class of shares.
Issuance of Additional Shares. Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association authorizes our board of directors to issue additional ordinary shares from time to time as our board of directors shall determine, to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares. No further Class B Shares may be allotted, issued or granted by our company, except with the prior written consent of at least one of the Founders.
Our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association also authorizes our board of directors to establish from time to time one or more series of preference shares and to determine, with respect to any series of preference shares, the terms and rights of that series, including, among other things:
| ● | the designation of the series; |
| ● | the number of shares of the series; |
| ● | the dividend rights, dividend rates, conversion rights and voting rights; and |
| ● | the rights and terms of redemption and liquidation preferences. |
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Our board of directors may issue preference shares without action by our shareholders to the extent of available authorized but unissued shares. Issuance of these shares may dilute the voting power of holders of ordinary shares.
Subject to the provisions of the second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association and to compliance with the Companies Act and all other laws and regulations applicable thereto, a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares shall have the right to convert all or any of his/its Class B Shares into Class A Shares. Each Class B Share held by the Founders may be converted at the option of the holder, at any time after issue and without the payment of any additional sum, into one fully paid Class A Share. A holder of Class A Shares shall have no right to convert their Class A Shares into Class B Shares.
Inspection of Books and Records. Holders of our ordinary shares will have no general right under Cayman Islands law to inspect or obtain copies of our list of shareholders or our corporate records. However, our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association have provisions that provide our shareholders the right to inspect our register of shareholders without charge, and to receive our annual audited financial statements. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”
Anti-Takeover Provisions. Some provisions of our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable, including provisions that:
| ● | authorize our board of directors to issue preference shares in one or more series and to designate the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions of such preference shares without any further vote or action by our shareholders; and |
| ● | limit the ability of shareholders to requisition and convene general meetings of shareholders. |
However, under Cayman Islands law, our directors may only exercise the rights and powers granted to them under our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association for a proper purpose and for what they believe in good faith to be in the best interests of our company.
Exempted Company. We are an exempted company with limited liability under the Companies Act. The Companies Act distinguishes between ordinary resident companies and exempted companies. Any company that is registered in the Cayman Islands but conducts business mainly outside of the Cayman Islands may apply to be registered as an exempted company. The requirements for an exempted company are essentially the same as for an ordinary company except that an exempted company:
| ● | does not have to file an annual return of its shareholders with the Registrar of Companies; |
| ● | is not required to open its register of members for inspection; |
| ● | does not have to hold an annual general meeting; |
| ● | may issue shares with no par value; |
| ● | may obtain an undertaking against the imposition of any future taxation (such undertakings are usually given for 20 years in the first instance); |
| ● | may register by way of continuation in another jurisdiction and be deregistered in the Cayman Islands; |
| ● | may register as an exempted limited duration company; and |
| ● | may register as a segregated portfolio company. |
“Limited liability” means that the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount unpaid by the shareholder on that shareholder’s shares of the company (except in exceptional circumstances, such as involving fraud, the establishment of an agency relationship or an illegal or improper purpose or other circumstances in which a court may be prepared to pierce or lift the corporate veil).
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Differences in Corporate Law
The Companies Act is derived, to a large extent, from the older Companies Acts of England but does not follow recent English statutory enactments and accordingly there are significant differences between the Companies Act and the current Companies Act of England. In addition, the Companies Act differs from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Act applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware in the United States and their shareholders.
Mergers and Similar Arrangements. The Companies Act permits mergers and consolidations between Cayman Islands companies and between Cayman Islands companies and non-Cayman Islands companies. For these purposes, (a) “merger” means the merging of two or more constituent companies and the vesting of their undertaking, property and liabilities in one of such companies as the surviving company, and (b) a “consolidation” means the combination of two or more constituent companies into a consolidated company and the vesting of the undertaking, property and liabilities of such companies to the consolidated company. In order to effect such a merger or consolidation, the directors of each constituent company must approve a written plan of merger or consolidation, which must then be authorized by (a) a special resolution of the shareholders of each constituent company, and (b) such other authorization, if any, as may be specified in such constituent company’s articles of association. The plan must be filed with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands together with a declaration as to the solvency of the consolidated or surviving company, a list of the assets and liabilities of each constituent company and an undertaking that a copy of the certificate of merger or consolidation will be given to the members and creditors of each constituent company and that notification of the merger or consolidation will be published in the Cayman Islands Gazette. Court approval is not required for a merger or consolidation which is effected in compliance with these statutory procedures.
A merger between a Cayman parent company and its Cayman subsidiary or subsidiaries does not require authorization by a resolution of shareholders of that Cayman subsidiary if a copy of the plan of merger is given to every member of that Cayman subsidiary to be merged unless that member agrees otherwise. For this purpose, a company is a “parent” of a subsidiary if it holds issued shares that together represent at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes at a general meeting of the subsidiary.
The consent of each holder of a fixed or floating security interest over a constituent company is required unless this requirement is waived by a court in the Cayman Islands.
Save in certain limited circumstances, a shareholder of a Cayman constituent company who dissents from the merger or consolidation is entitled to payment of the fair value of his shares (which, if not agreed between the parties, will be determined by the Cayman Islands court) upon dissenting to the merger or consolidation, provided the dissenting shareholder complies strictly with the procedures set out in the Companies Act. The exercise of dissenter rights will preclude the exercise by the dissenting shareholder of any other rights to which he or she might otherwise be entitled by virtue of holding shares, save for the right to seek relief on the grounds that the merger or consolidation is void or unlawful.
Separate from the statutory provisions relating to mergers and consolidations, the Companies Act also contains statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies by way of schemes of arrangement, provided that the arrangement is approved by seventy-five per cent in value of the members or class of members, as the case may be, with whom the arrangement is to be made and a majority in number of each class of creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent seventy-five per cent in value of each such class of creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:
| ● | the statutory provisions as to the required majority vote have been met; |
| ● | the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question and the statutory majority are acting bona fide without coercion of the minority to promote interests adverse to those of the class; |
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| ● | the arrangement is such that may be reasonably approved by an intelligent and honest man of that class acting in respect of his interest; and |
| ● | the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Act. |
The Companies Act also contains a statutory power of compulsory acquisition which may facilitate the “squeeze out” of a dissentient minority shareholder upon a tender offer. When a tender offer is made and accepted by holders of 90% of the shares affected within four months, the offeror may, within a two-month period commencing on the expiration of such four-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares to the offeror on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed in the case of an offer which has been so approved unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.
If an arrangement and reconstruction by way of scheme of arrangement is thus approved and sanctioned, or if a tender offer is made and accepted, in accordance with the foregoing statutory procedures, a dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, save that objectors to a takeover offer may apply to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for various orders that the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands has a broad discretion to make, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of Delaware corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.
The Companies Act also contains statutory provisions which provide that a company may present a petition to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands for the appointment of a restructuring officer on the grounds that the company (a) is or is likely to become unable to pay its debts within the meaning of section 93 of the Companies Act; and (b) intends to present a compromise or arrangement to its creditors (or classes thereof) either, pursuant to the Companies Act, the law of a foreign country or by way of a consensual restructuring. The petition may be presented by a company acting by its directors, without a resolution of its members or an express power in its articles of association. On hearing such a petition, the Cayman Islands court may, among other things, make an order appointing a restructuring officer or make any other order as the court thinks fit.
Shareholders’ Suits. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and as a general rule a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, the Cayman Islands courts can be expected to follow and apply the common law principles (namely the rule in Foss v. Harbottle and the exceptions thereto) so that a non-controlling shareholder may be permitted to commence a class action against or derivative actions in the name of the company to challenge actions where:
| ● | a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires; |
| ● | the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could only be effected duly if authorized by more than the number of votes which have actually been obtained; and |
| ● | those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.” |
A shareholder may have a direct right of action against us where the individual rights of that shareholder have been infringed or are about to be infringed. Our post-offering articles of association contain a provision by virtue of which our shareholders waive any claim or right of action that they have, both individually and on our behalf, against any director in relation to any action or failure to take action by such director in the performance of his or her duties with or for our company, except in respect of any fraud, willful default or dishonesty of such director.
Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability. Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s memorandum and articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our post-offering memorandum and articles of association provide that that we shall indemnify our directors and officers, and their personal representatives, against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such persons, other than by reason of such person’s dishonesty, wilful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation.
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In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our second amended and restatedmemorandum and articles of association.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Directors’ Fiduciary Duties. Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director acts in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self-dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, the director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.
As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company — a duty to act in good faith in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a personal profit based on his position as director (unless the company permits him to do so), a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party and a duty to exercise powers for the purpose for which such powers were intended. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.
Shareholder Action by Written Consent. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent by amendment to its certificate of incorporation. Cayman Islands law permits us to eliminate the right of shareholders to act by written consent and our post-offering amended and restated articles of association provide that any action required or permitted to be taken at any general meetings may be taken upon the vote of shareholders at a general meeting duly noticed and convened in accordance with our second amended and restated articles of association and may not be taken by written consent of the shareholders without a meeting.
Shareholder Proposals. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a shareholder has the right to put any proposal before the annual meeting of shareholders, provided it complies with the notice provisions in the governing documents. A special meeting may be called by the board of directors or any other person authorized to do so in the governing documents, but shareholders may be precluded from calling special meetings.
The Companies Act does not provide shareholders with any right to requisition a general meeting or to put any proposal before a general meeting. However, these rights may be provided in a company’s articles of association. Our second amended and restated articles of association allow our shareholders holding shares which carry in aggregate not less than one-third of all votes attaching to the issued and outstanding shares of our company entitled to vote at general meetings to requisition an extraordinary general meeting of our shareholders, in which case our board is obliged to convene an extraordinary general meeting and to put the resolutions so requisitioned to a vote at such meeting. Other than this right to requisition a shareholders’ meeting, our post-offering amended and restated articles of association do not provide our shareholders with any other right to put proposals before annual general meetings or extraordinary general meetings. As an exempted Cayman Islands company, we are not obliged by law to call shareholders’ annual general meetings.
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Cumulative Voting. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, cumulative voting for elections of directors is not permitted unless the corporation’s certificate of incorporation specifically provides for it. Cumulative voting potentially facilitates the representation of minority shareholders on a board of directors since it permits the minority shareholder to cast all the votes to which the shareholder is entitled on a single director, which increases the shareholder’s voting power with respect to electing such director. There are no prohibitions in relation to cumulative voting under the laws of the Cayman Islands but our second amended and restated articles of association do not provide for cumulative voting. As a result, our shareholders are not afforded any less protections or rights on this issue than shareholders of a Delaware corporation.
Removal of Directors. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a director of a corporation with a classified board may be removed only for cause with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our second amended and restated articles of association, subject to certain restrictions as contained therein, directors may be removed with or without cause, by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. An appointment of a director may be on terms that the director shall automatically retire from office (unless he has sooner vacated office) at the next or a subsequent annual general meeting or upon any specified event or after any specified period in a written agreement between the company and the director, if any; but no such term shall be implied in the absence of express provision. Under our second amended and restated articles of association, a director’s office shall be vacated if the director (i) becomes bankrupt or has a receiving order made against him or suspends payment or compounds with his creditors; (ii) is found to be or becomes of unsound mind or dies; (iii) resigns his office by notice in writing to the company; (iv) without special leave of absence from our board of directors, is absent from three consecutive meetings of the board and the board resolves that his office be vacated; (v) is prohibited by law from being a director or; (vi) is removed from office pursuant to the laws of the Cayman Islands or any other provisions of our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.
Transactions with Interested Shareholders. The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or a group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting share within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.
Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.
Dissolution; Winding up. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board.
Under Cayman Islands law, a company may be wound up by either an order of the courts of the Cayman Islands or by a special resolution of its members or, if the company is unable to pay its debts, by an ordinary resolution of its members. The court has authority to order winding up in a number of specified circumstances including where it is, in the opinion of the court, just and equitable to do so.
Variation of Rights of Shares. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation may vary the rights of a class of shares with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under our second amended and restated articles of association, if our share capital is divided into more than one class of shares, the rights attached to any such class may only be varied with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority of two-thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.
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Amendment of Governing Documents. Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, a corporation’s governing documents may be amended with the approval of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, unless the certificate of incorporation provides otherwise. Under Cayman Islands law, our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association may only be amended with a special resolution of our shareholders.
Rights of Non-resident or Foreign Shareholders. There are no limitations imposed by our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association on the rights of non-resident or foreign shareholders to hold or exercise voting rights on our shares. In addition, there are no provisions in our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association governing the ownership threshold above which shareholder ownership must be disclosed.
Anti-money Laundering — Cayman Islands
In order to comply with legislation or regulations aimed at the prevention of money laundering, we may be required to adopt and maintain anti-money laundering procedures and may require subscribers to provide evidence to verify their identity. Where permitted, and subject to certain conditions, we may also delegate the maintenance of our anti-money laundering procedures (including the acquisition of due diligence information) to a suitable person.
We reserve the right to request such information as is necessary to verify the identity of a subscriber. In the event of delay or failure on the part of the subscriber in producing any information required for verification purposes, we may refuse to accept the application, in which case any funds received will be returned without interest to the account from which they were originally debited.
We also reserve the right to refuse to make any redemption payment to a shareholder if our directors or officers suspect or are advised that the payment of redemption proceeds to such shareholder might result in a breach of applicable anti-money laundering or other laws or regulations by any person in any relevant jurisdiction, or if such refusal is considered necessary or appropriate to ensure our compliance with any such laws or regulations in any applicable jurisdiction.
If any person resident in the Cayman Islands knows or suspects or has reason for knowing or suspecting that another person is engaged in criminal conduct or is involved with terrorism or terrorist property and the information for that knowledge or suspicion came to their attention in the course of their business in the regulated sector, or other trade, profession, business or employment, the person will be required to report such knowledge or suspicion to (i) a nominated officer (appointed in accordance with the Proceeds of Crime Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands) or the Financial Reporting Authority of the Cayman Islands, pursuant to the Proceeds of Crime Act (Revised), if the disclosure relates to criminal conduct or money laundering or (ii) to a police constable or a nominated officer (pursuant to the Terrorism Act (Revised) of the Cayman Islands) or the Financial Reporting Authority, pursuant to the Terrorism Act (Revised), if the disclosure relates to involvement with terrorism or terrorist financing and terrorist property. Such a report shall not be treated as a breach of confidence or of any restriction upon the disclosure of information imposed by any enactment or otherwise.
Data Protection in the Cayman Islands — Privacy Notice
This privacy notice explains the manner in which we collect, process, and maintain personal data about investors of the Company pursuant to the Data Protection Act (2021 Revision) of the Cayman Islands, as amended from time to time and any regulations, codes of practice, or orders promulgated pursuant thereto (the “DPL”).
We are committed to processing personal data in accordance with the DPL. In our use of personal data, we will be characterized under the DPL as a “data controller,” whilst certain of our service providers, affiliates, and delegates may act as “data processors” under the DPL. These service providers may process personal information for their own lawful purposes in connection with services provided to us.
By virtue of your investment in the Company, we and certain of our service providers may collect, record, store, transfer, and otherwise process personal data by which individuals may be directly or indirectly identified.
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Your personal data will be processed fairly and for lawful purposes, including (a) where the processing is necessary for us to perform a contract to which you are a party or for taking pre-contractual steps at your request, (b) where the processing is necessary for compliance with any legal, tax, or regulatory obligation to which we are subject, or (c) where the processing is for the purposes of legitimate interests pursued by us or by a service provider to whom the data are disclosed. As a data controller, we will only use your personal data for the purposes for which we collected it. If we need to use your personal data for an unrelated purpose, we will contact you.
We anticipate that we will share your personal data with our service providers for the purposes set out in this privacy notice. We may also share relevant personal data where it is lawful to do so and necessary to comply with our contractual obligations or your instructions or where it is necessary or desirable to do so in connection with any regulatory reporting obligations. In exceptional circumstances, we will share your personal data with regulatory, prosecuting, and other governmental agencies or departments, and parties to litigation (whether pending or threatened), in any country or territory including to any other person where we have a public or legal duty to do so (e.g. to assist with detecting and preventing fraud, tax evasion, and financial crime or compliance with a court order).
Your personal data shall not be held by the Company for longer than necessary with regard to the purposes of the data processing.
We will not sell your personal data. Any transfer of personal data outside of the Cayman Islands shall be in accordance with the requirements of the DPL. Where necessary, we will ensure that separate and appropriate legal agreements are put in place with the recipient of that data.
We will only transfer personal data in accordance with the requirements of the DPL, and will apply appropriate technical and organizational information security measures designed to protect against unauthorized or unlawful processing of the personal data and against the accidental loss, destruction, or damage to the personal data.
If you are a natural person, this will affect you directly. If you are a corporate investor (including, for these purposes, legal arrangements such as trusts or exempted limited partnerships) that provides us with personal data on individuals connected to you for any reason in relation to your investment into the Company, this will be relevant for those individuals and you should inform such individuals of the content.
You have certain rights under the DPL, including (a) the right to be informed as to how we collect and use your personal data (and this privacy notice fulfils our obligation in this respect), (b) the right to obtain a copy of your personal data, (c) the right to require us to stop direct marketing, (d) the right to have inaccurate or incomplete personal data corrected, (e) the right to withdraw your consent and require us to stop processing or restrict the processing, or not begin the processing of your personal data, (f) the right to be notified of a data breach (unless the breach is unlikely to be prejudicial), (g) the right to obtain information as to any countries or territories outside the Cayman Islands to which we, whether directly or indirectly, transfer, intend to transfer, or wish to transfer your personal data, general measures we take to ensure the security of personal data, and any information available to us as to the source of your personal data, (h) the right to complain to the Office of the Ombudsman of the Cayman Islands, and (i) the right to require us to delete your personal data in some limited circumstances.
If you consider that your personal data has not been handled correctly, or you are not satisfied with our responses to any requests you have made regarding the use of your personal data, you have the right to complain to the Cayman Islands’ Ombudsman. The Ombudsman can be contacted by calling +1 (345) 946-6283 or by email at info@ombudsman.ky.
History of Share Issuances
The following is a summary of our share issuances since incorporation.
As part of the Reorganization, we undertook the following corporate actions:
On August 29, 2022, we issued an aggregate of 18,466 ordinary shares to 27 founding shareholders.
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MATERIAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATION
Material United States Federal Income Tax Considerations
The following is a discussion of certain material United States federal income tax considerations relating to the acquisition, ownership, and disposition of our Class A Shares by a U.S. Holder, as defined below, that acquires our Class A Shares in this offering and holds our Class A Shares as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment) under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). This discussion is based on existing United States federal income tax law, which is subject to differing interpretations or change, possibly with retroactive effect. No ruling has been sought from the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) with respect to any United States federal income tax consequences described below, and there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not take a contrary position. This discussion does not address all aspects of United States federal income taxation that may be important to particular investors in light of their individual circumstances, including investors subject to special tax rules (such as, for example, certain financial institutions, insurance companies, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, broker-dealers, traders in securities that elect mark-to-market treatment, partnerships (or other entities treated as partnerships for United States federal income tax purposes) and their partners, tax-exempt organizations (including private foundations)), investors who are not U.S. Holders, investors that own (directly, indirectly, or constructively) 5% or more of our voting shares, investors that hold their Class A Shares as part of a straddle, hedge, conversion, constructive sale or other integrated transaction), or investors that have a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar, all of whom may be subject to tax rules that differ significantly from those summarized below. In addition, this discussion does not address any tax laws other than the United States federal income tax laws, including any state, local, alternative minimum tax or non-United States tax considerations, or the Medicare tax on unearned income. Each potential investor is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the United States federal, state, local and non-United States income and other tax considerations of an investment in our Class A Shares.
U.S. Federal Income Taxation
The following does not address the tax consequences to any particular investor or to persons in special tax situations such as:
| ● | banks; |
| ● | financial institutions; |
| ● | insurance companies; |
| ● | regulated investment companies; |
| ● | real estate investment trusts; |
| ● | broker-dealers; |
| ● | persons that elect to mark their securities to market; |
| ● | U.S. expatriates or former long-term residents of the U.S.; |
| ● | governments or agencies or instrumentalities thereof; |
| ● | tax-exempt entities; |
| ● | persons liable for alternative minimum tax; |
| ● | persons holding our Class A Shares as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction; |
| ● | persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting power or value (including by reason of owning our Class A Shares); |
| ● | persons who acquired our Class A Shares pursuant to the exercise of any employee share option or otherwise as compensation; |
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| ● | persons holding our Class A Shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities; |
| ● | beneficiaries of a Trust holding our Class A Shares; or |
| ● | persons holding our Class A Shares through a Trust. |
Thus, the discussion set forth below is addressed only to U.S. Holders that purchase Class A Shares in this offering. Prospective purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors about the application of the U.S. federal income tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Class A Shares.
General
For purposes of this discussion, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our Class A Shares that is, for United States federal income tax purposes, (i) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (ii) a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) created in, or organized under the laws of, the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia, (iii) an estate the income of which is includible in gross income for United States federal income tax purposes regardless of its source, or (iv) a trust (A) the administration of which is subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and which has one or more United States persons who have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (B) that has otherwise elected to be treated as a United States person under the Code.
The brief description below of the U.S. federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply to you if you are a beneficial owner of Class A Shares and you are, for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
| ● | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the U.S.; |
| ● | a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the U.S., any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| ● | an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or |
| ● | a trust that (1) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the U.S. and the control of one or more U.S. persons for all substantial decisions or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person. |
If a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of our Class A Shares, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Partnerships and partners of a partnership holding our Class A Shares are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding an investment in our Class A Shares.
An individual is considered a resident of the U.S. for federal income tax purposes if he or she meets either the “Green Card Test” or the “Substantial Presence Test” described as follows:
The Green Card Test: You are a lawful permanent resident of the United States, at any time, if you have been given the privilege, according to the immigration laws of the United States, of residing permanently in the United States as an immigrant. You generally have this status if the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services issued you an alien registration card, Form I-551, also known as a “green card.”
The Substantial Presence Test: If an alien is present in the United States on at least 31 days of the current calendar year, he or she will (absent an applicable exception) be classified as a resident alien if the sum of the following equals 183 days or more (See §7701(b)(3)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code and related Treasury Regulations):
| 1. | The actual days in the United States in the current year; plus |
| 2. | One-third of his or her days in the United States in the immediately preceding year; plus |
| 3. | One-sixth of his or her days in the United States in the second preceding year. |
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The discussion set forth below is addressed only to U.S. Holders that purchase Class A Shares in this offering. Prospective purchasers are urged to consult their own tax advisors about the application of U.S. federal income tax law to their particular circumstances as well as the state, local, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our Class A Shares.
Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Class A Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, distributions of cash or other property made by us to you with respect to the Class A Shares (including the amount of any taxes withheld therefrom) will generally be includable in your gross income as dividend income on the date of receipt by you, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles). With respect to corporate U.S. Holders, the dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other U.S. corporations.
With respect to non-corporate U.S. Holders, including individual U.S. Holders, dividends will be taxed at the lower capital gains rate applicable to qualified dividend income, provided that (1) the Class A Shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, or we are eligible for the benefits of an approved qualifying income tax treaty with the United States that includes an exchange of information program, (2) we are not a passive foreign investment company (as discussed below) for either our taxable year in which the dividend is paid or the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our Class A Shares, including the effects of any change in law after the date of this prospectus.
To the extent that the amount of the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in your Class A Shares, and to the extent the amount of the distribution exceeds your tax basis, the excess will be taxed as capital gain. We do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. Holder should expect that a distribution will be treated as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above.
Taxation of Dispositions of Class A Shares
Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of a share equal to the difference between the amount realized (in U.S. dollars) for the share and your tax basis (in U.S. dollars) in the Class A Shares. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. Holder, who has held the Class A Shares for more than one year, you may be eligible for reduced tax rates on any such capital gains. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.
Passive Foreign Investment Company
A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:
| ● | at least 75% of its gross income for such taxable year is passive income; or |
| ● | at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). |
Passive income generally includes dividends, interest, rents and royalties (other than rents or royalties derived from the active conduct of a trade or business) and gains from the disposition of passive assets. We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the stock. In determining the value and composition of our assets for purposes of the PFIC asset test, (1) the cash we raise in this offering will generally be considered to be held for the production of passive income and (2) the value of our assets must be determined based on the market value of our Class A Shares from time to time, which could cause the value of our non-passive assets to be less than 50% of the value of all of our assets (including the cash raised in this offering) on any particular quarterly testing date for purposes of the asset test.
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Based on our operations and the composition of our assets we do not expect to be treated as a PFIC under the current PFIC rules. We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. Depending on the amount of cash we raise in this offering, together with any other assets held for the production of passive income, it is possible that, for our current taxable year or for any subsequent taxable year, more than 50% of our assets may be assets held for the production of passive income. We will make this determination following the end of any particular tax year. Although the law in this regard is unclear, we treat our consolidated affiliated entities as being owned by us for United States federal income tax purposes, not only because we exercise effective control over the operation of such entities but also because we are entitled to substantially all of their economic benefits, and, as a result, we consolidate their operating results in our combined and consolidated financial statements. In particular, because the value of our assets for purposes of the asset test will generally be determined based on the market price of our Class A Shares and because cash is generally considered to be an asset held for the production of passive income, our PFIC status will depend in large part on the market price of our Class A Shares and the amount of cash we raise in this offering. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the Class A Shares may cause us to become a PFIC. In addition, the application of the PFIC rules is subject to uncertainty in several respects and the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in this offering. We are under no obligation to take steps to reduce the risk of our being classified as a PFIC, and as stated above, the determination of the value of our assets will depend upon material facts (including the market price of our Class A Shares from time to time and the amount of cash we raise in this offering) that may not be within our control. If we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold Class A Shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC for all succeeding years during which you hold Class A Shares. However, if we cease to be a PFIC and you did not previously make a timely “mark-to-market” election as described below, you may avoid some of the adverse effects of the PFIC regime by making a “purging election” (as described below) with respect to the Class A Shares.
If we are a PFIC for your taxable year(s) during which you hold Class A Shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the Class A Shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. Distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the Class A Shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:
| ● | the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the Class A Shares; |
| ● | the amount allocated to your current taxable year, and any amount allocated to any of your taxable year(s) prior to the first taxable year in which we were a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income; and |
| ● | the amount allocated to each of your other taxable year(s) will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such year. |
The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the Class A Shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the Class A Shares as capital assets.
A U.S. Holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. If you make a mark-to-market election for the first taxable year during which you hold (or are deemed to hold) Class A Shares and for which we are determined to be a PFIC, you will include in your income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the Class A Shares as of the close of such taxable year over your adjusted basis in such Class A Shares, which excess will be treated as ordinary income and not capital gain. You are allowed an ordinary loss for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the Class A Shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, such ordinary loss is allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the Class A Shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the Class A Shares, are treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment also applies to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the Class A Shares, to the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such Class A Shares. Your basis in the Class A Shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a valid mark-to-market election, the tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us, except that the lower applicable capital gains rate for qualified dividend income discussed above under “— Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on our Class A Shares” generally would not apply.
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The mark-to-market election is available only for “marketable stock”, which is stock that is traded in other than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter (“regularly traded”) on a qualified exchange or other market (as defined in applicable U.S. Treasury regulations). If the Class A Shares are regularly traded on a qualified stock exchange or other market, and if you are a holder of Class A Shares, the mark-to-market election would be available to you were we to be or become a PFIC.
Alternatively, a U.S. Holder of stock in a PFIC may make a “qualified electing fund” election with respect to such PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed above. A U.S. Holder who makes a valid qualified electing fund election with respect to a PFIC will generally include in gross income for a taxable year such holder’s pro rata share of the corporation’s earnings and profits for the taxable year. However, the qualified electing fund election is available only if such PFIC provides such U.S. Holder with certain information regarding its earnings and profits as required under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations. We do not currently intend to prepare or provide the information that would enable you to make a qualified electing fund election. If you hold Class A Shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file IRS Form 8621 in each such year and provide certain annual information regarding such Class A Shares, including regarding distributions received on the Class A Shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the Class A Shares.
If you do not make a timely “mark-to-market” election (as described above), and if we were a PFIC at any time during the period you hold our Class A Shares, then such Class A Shares will continue to be treated as stock of a PFIC with respect to you even if we cease to be a PFIC in a future year, unless you make a “purging election” for the year we cease to be a PFIC. A “purging election” creates a deemed sale of such Class A Shares at their fair market value on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC. The gain recognized by the purging election will be subject to the special tax and interest charge rules treating the gain as an excess distribution, as described above. As a result of the purging election, you will have a new basis (equal to the fair market value of the Class A Shares on the last day of the last year in which we are treated as a PFIC) and holding period (which new holding period will begin the day after such last day) in your Class A Shares for tax purposes.
IRC Section 1014(a) provides for a step-up in basis to the fair market value for our Class A Shares when inherited from a decedent that was previously a holder of our Class A Shares. However, if we are determined to be a PFIC and a decedent that was a U.S. Holder did not make either a timely qualified electing fund election for our first taxable year as a PFIC in which the U.S. Holder held (or was deemed to hold) our Class A Shares, or a mark-to-market election and ownership of those Class A Shares are inherited, a special provision in IRC Section 1291(e) provides that the new U.S. Holder’s basis should be reduced by an amount equal to the Section 1014 basis minus the decedent’s adjusted basis just before death. As such if we are determined to be a PFIC at any time prior to a decedent’s passing, the PFIC rules will cause any new U.S. Holder that inherits our Class A Shares from a U.S. Holder to not get a step-up in basis under Section 1014 and instead will receive a carryover basis in those Class A Shares.
You are urged to consult your tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in our Class A Shares and the elections discussed above.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Dividend payments with respect to our Class A Shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of our Class A Shares may be subject to information reporting to the IRS and possible U.S. backup withholding. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification on IRS Form W-9 or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status generally must provide such certification on IRS Form W-9. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the U.S. information reporting and backup withholding rules.
Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the IRS and furnishing any required information.
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We do not intend to withhold taxes for individual shareholders. However, transactions effected through certain brokers or other intermediaries may be subject to withholding taxes (including backup withholding), and such brokers or intermediaries may be required by law to withhold such taxes.
Under the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment Act of 2010, certain U.S. Holders are required to report information relating to our Class A Shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for Class A Shares held in accounts maintained by certain financial institutions), by attaching a complete Internal Revenue Service Form 8938, Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets, with their tax return for each year in which they hold Class A Shares. Failure to report such information could result in substantial penalties. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your obligation to file a Form 8938.
Cayman Islands Taxation
The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or, after execution, brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties that are applicable to any payments made to or by our Company. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.
We have received an undertaking from the Governor in Cabinet of the Cayman Islands to the effect that, for a period of 20 years from the date of the undertaking, no law that thereafter is enacted in the Cayman Islands imposing any tax or duty to be levied on profits, income or on gains or appreciation shall apply to our Company or its operations; and that no tax to be levied on profits, income, gains or appreciations or which is in the nature of estate duty or inheritance tax shall be payable (a) on or in respect of the shares, debentures or other obligations of our Company; or (b) by way of the withholding in whole or in part of any relevant payment as defined in the Tax Concessions Act of the Cayman Islands.
Payments of dividends and capital in respect of our Ordinary Shares will not be subject to taxation in the Cayman Islands and no withholding will be required on the payment of a dividend or capital to any holder of our Ordinary Shares, nor will gains derived from the disposal of our Ordinary Shares be subject to Cayman Islands income or corporation tax.
No stamp duty is payable in respect of the issue of our Ordinary Shares or on an instrument of transfer in respect of our Ordinary Shares.
Singapore Taxation
Dividend Distributions
All Singapore-tax resident companies are currently under the one-tier corporate tax system, or one-tier system.
Under the one-tier system, the income tax paid by a tax resident company is a final tax and its distributable profits can be distributed to shareholders as tax exempt (one-tier) dividends. Such dividends are tax exempt in the hands of a shareholder, regardless of the tax residence status, shareholding level or legal form of the shareholder.
Accordingly, dividends received in respect of the ordinary shares by either a resident or non-resident of Singapore are not subject to Singapore income tax (whether by withholding or otherwise), on the basis that we are a tax resident of Singapore and under the one-tier system.
Foreign shareholders are advised to consult their own tax advisers to take into account the tax laws of their respective countries of residence and the existence of any agreement for the avoidance of double taxation which their country of residence may have with Singapore.
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Indonesia Tax Considerations
This overview focuses on some of the more common taxes, but this should not be considered an exhaustive list of all potentially relevant tax considerations.
This section is based on Law Number 7 Year 1983 on Income Tax, as amended several times and most recently by Law Number 6 Year 2023 on Stipulation of Government Regulation In Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation in to Law (“Indonesian Income Tax Law”), Law Number 8 Year 1983 on Value-Added Tax and Luxury Goods Sales Tax, as amended several times and most recently by Law Number 6 Year 2023 on Stipulation of Government Regulation In Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 on Job Creation in to Law (“Indonesian VAT Law”) and their implementing regulations, all of which are in effect on the date of this prospectus. These regulations are subject to differing interpretations and may be amended at any time.
Corporate Income Tax
A company is regarded as an Indonesian tax resident if it is established or domiciled in Indonesia. (Article 2 paragraph 3 letter b of Indonesian Income Tax Law).
Generally, a flat corporate income tax rate of 22% applies on taxable business profit. However, a tax cut of 3% from the standard rate, so that the effective tax rate will be 19%, is available for certain qualifying public companies provided that at least 40% of its paid-up shares are traded in the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) and the public shareholders of such companies consist of at least 300 parties and each holding less than 5% of the paid-up shares, as well as certain other conditions. Small-scale enterprises with an annual gross turnover up to IDR 50 billion are entitled to 50% tax cut or the effective tax rate will be 11%, which is imposed proportionally to the taxable income on the part of gross turnover up to IDR 4.8 billion. (Article 17 paragraph 1 letter b, Article 17 paragraph 2b and Article 31E of Indonesian Income Tax Law and Article 65 of Government Regulation Number 55 Year 2022 on Adjustment of Regulation in the Field of Income Tax (“GR 55/2022”)).
Value-Added Tax
A general Value-Added Tax (VAT) rate of 11% is applied to deliveries of taxable goods and taxable services within Indonesian customs area, imports of taxable goods, and the utilization of intangible taxable goods and taxable services from outside Indonesian customs area to within Indonesian customs area. The VAT on export of taxable goods and certain taxable services is at rate of 0%. The general VAT rate will be increased to 12%, starting from, by the latest on 1 January 2025. (Article 7 paragraph 1 of Indonesian VAT Law).
Other Taxes
Other taxes such as luxury-goods sales tax, tax on land and/or buildings transfer, duty on the acquisition of land and/or buildings rights, import duties, excise duties, and stamp duties may apply.
POTENTIAL PURCHASERS OF OUR CLASS A SHARES ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS TO DETERMINE THE U.S. FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, AND NON-U.S. INCOME, GIFT, ESTATE OR GENERATION-SKIPPING TRANSFER, AND OTHER TAX AND TAX TREATY CONSIDERATIONS OF PURCHASING, OWNING AND DISPOSING OF OUR CLASS A SHARES.
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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES
We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We were incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands because of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of foreign exchange control or currency restrictions, and the availability of professional and support services. The Cayman Islands, however, has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the U.S. and provides significantly less protection for investors than the U.S. Additionally, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue in the federal courts of the U.S.
Most of our operations are conducted in Singapore and a majority of our consolidated assets are located outside of the United States. In addition, all of our directors and officers are nationals or residents of countries other than the United States, and all or a substantial portion of their assets are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process within the U.S. upon us or these persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in U.S. courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or securities laws of any U.S. state.
Although we are incorporated outside the United States, we have appointed Cogency Global Inc. as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the U.S. federal securities laws or securities laws of any U.S. state or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.
Cayman Islands
Conyers Dill & Pearman Pte. Ltd., our counsel with respect to the laws of the Cayman Islands, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws or securities laws of any U.S. state or (ii) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the U.S. federal securities laws or securities laws of any U.S. state.
We have been advised by Conyers Dill & Pearman Pte. Ltd. that, although there is no statutory enforcement in the Cayman Islands of judgments obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States (and the Cayman Islands are not a party to any treaties for the reciprocal enforcement or recognition of such judgments with the United States), the courts of the Cayman Islands may recognize as a valid judgment, a final and conclusive judgment in personam obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States against the Company under which a sum of money is payable (other than a sum of money payable in respect of multiple damages, taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalty) or, in certain circumstances, an in personam judgment for non-monetary relief, and may give a judgment based thereon, provided that (a) such courts had proper jurisdiction over the parties subject to such judgment; (b) such courts did not contravene the rules of natural justice of the Cayman Islands; (c) such judgment was not obtained by fraud; (d) the enforcement of the judgment would not be contrary to the public policy of the Cayman Islands; (e)no new admissible evidence relevant to the action is submitted prior to the rendering of the judgment by the courts of the Cayman Islands; and (f) there is due compliance with the correct procedures under the laws of the Cayman Islands. However, the Cayman Islands courts are unlikely to enforce a judgment obtained from United States courts under civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities law if such judgment is determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands to give rise to obligations to make payments that are penal or punitive in nature. Because such a determination has not yet been made by a court of the Cayman Islands, it is uncertain whether such civil liability judgments from U.S. courts would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. A Cayman Islands court may stay enforcement proceedings if concurrent proceedings are being brought elsewhere.
Singapore
There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of Singapore would (i) recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our Directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States or (ii) entertain original actions brought in Singapore against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States.
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In making a determination as to enforceability of a judgment of the courts of the United States, the Singapore courts would have regard to whether the judgment was final and conclusive and on the merits of the case, given by a court of law of competent jurisdiction, and was expressed to be for a fixed sum of money. In general, a foreign judgment would be enforceable in Singapore unless procured by fraud, or the proceedings in which such judgments were obtained were not conducted in accordance with principles of natural justice, or the enforcement thereof would be contrary to public policy, or if the judgment would conflict with earlier judgment(s) from Singapore or earlier foreign judgment(s) recognized in Singapore, or if the judgment would amount to the direct or indirect enforcement of foreign penal, revenue or other public laws. Civil liability provisions of the federal and state securities law of the United States permit the award of punitive damages against us, our directors and officers. Singapore courts would not recognize or enforce judgments against us, our directors and officers to the extent that doing so would amount to the direct or indirect enforcement of foreign penal, revenue or other public laws. It is uncertain as to whether a judgment of the courts of the United States under civil liability provisions of the federal securities law of the United States would be regarded by the Singapore courts as being pursuant to foreign, penal, revenue or other public laws. Such a determination has yet to be made by a Singapore court in a reported decision.
In addition, holders of book-entry interests in our shares will be required to exchange such interests for certificated shares and to be registered as shareholders in our shareholder register in order to have standing to bring a shareholder suit and, if successful, to enforce a foreign judgment against us, our directors or our executive officers in the Singapore courts.
A holder of book-entry interests in our shares may become a registered shareholder of our Company by exchanging such holder’s interest in our shares for certificated shares and being registered in our shareholder register. The administrative process of becoming a registered shareholder could result in delays prejudicial to any legal proceeding or enforcement action.
Indonesia
The judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our Directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States are not enforceable in Indonesian Courts.
A foreign court judgment could be offered and accepted into evidence in a proceeding on the underlying claim in an Indonesian court and may be given such evidentiary weight as the Indonesian court may deem appropriate in its sole discretion. A claimant may be required to pursue claims in Indonesian courts on the basis of Indonesian law. A purchaser of the shares may not be able to enforce judgments against the Indonesian subsidiary obtained in the United States based upon certain of the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any states thereof in Indonesian courts, and Indonesian courts may not enter judgments in original actions brought in Indonesian courts based solely upon the civil liability provision of the securities laws of the United States or any state thereof. Re-examination of the underlying claim would be required before the Indonesian court. We cannot assure you that the claims or remedies available under Indonesian law will be the same, or as extensive as those available in other jurisdictions. We cannot assure you that the claims or remedies available under Indonesian law will be the same, or as extensive as those available in other jurisdictions.
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
This is a self-underwritten offering. This prospectus is part of a registration statement that permits our officers and directors to sell the shares directly to the public, with no commission or other remuneration payable to any of them for any shares that are sold by them. We have not entered into any underwriting agreement, arrangement or understanding for the sale of the shares being offered. In the event we retain a broker who may be deemed an underwriter, we will file a prospectus with the SEC. This offering is intended to be made solely by the delivery of this prospectus and the accompanying subscription agreement to prospective investors. Our officers and directors will sell the shares and intend to offer them to friends, family members, business acquaintances, and interested parties. In offering the securities on our behalf, our directors and officers will rely on the safe harbor from broker dealer registration set out in Rule 3a4-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Rule 3a4-1 sets forth those conditions under which a person associated with an issuer may participate in the offering of the issuer’s securities and not be deemed to be a broker-dealer. Those conditions are as follows:
| a. | Our officers and directors are not subject to a statutory disqualification, as that term is defined in Section 3(a)(39) of the Act, at the time of their participation; |
| b. | Our officers and directors will not be compensated in connection with their participation by the payment of commissions or other remuneration based either directly or indirectly on transactions in securities; and |
| c. | Our officers and directors are not, nor will they be at the time of their participation in the offering, an associated person of a broker-dealer; and |
| d. | Our officers and directors meet the conditions of paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of Rule 3a4-1 of the Exchange Act, in that they (A) primarily perform, or intend primarily to perform at the end of the offering, substantial duties for or on behalf of our Company, other than in connection with transactions in securities; and (B) are not a broker or dealer, or been associated person of a broker or dealer, within the preceding twelve months; and (C) have not participated in selling and offering securities for any Issuer more than once every twelve months other than in reliance on Paragraphs (a)(4)(i) and (a)(4)(iii). |
Our officers, directors, control persons and affiliates of same do not intend to purchase any shares in this offering.
Deposit of Offering Proceeds
The proceeds from the sale of the Class A Shares in this offering will be deposited in a separate (limited to funds received on behalf of us) non-interest bearing bank account established by the Escrow Agent, or the Escrow Account. The purpose of the Escrow Account is for (i) the holding of amounts of subscription monies which are collected through the banking system and (ii) the disbursement of collected funds.
If you decide to purchase any shares in this offering, you will be required to execute a purchase Agreement and tender all funds in the form of checks, drafts, money orders or wire transfers to the Escrow Agent. Upon the Escrow Agent’s receipt of such monies, they shall be credited to the Escrow Account. All checks delivered to the Escrow Agent shall be made payable to the bank account of the Escrow Agent to be appointed. The Escrow Agent shall not be required to accept for credit to the Escrow Account or for deposit into the Escrow Account checks which are not accompanied by the appropriate subscription information. Wire transfers representing payments by prospective purchasers shall not be deemed deposited in the Escrow Account until the Escrow Agent has received in writing the subscription information required with respect to such payments.
No interest will be available for payment to either us or the investors (since the funds are being held in a non-interest bearing account). We intend to complete one closing of this offering, but may undertake one or more closings on a rolling basis. Therefore, investor funds that are held in escrow will be released to us in our sole discretion at any time, and without regard to meeting any particular contingency. Any such funds that the Escrow Agent receives shall be held in escrow until the applicable closing of the offering, and then used to complete securities purchases, or returned if this offering fails to close. Release of the funds to us is based upon the Escrow Agent reviewing the records of the depository institution holding the escrow to verify that the funds received have cleared the banking system prior to releasing the funds to us. All purchase information and purchase funds through checks or wire transfers should be delivered to the Escrow Agent. Failure to do so will result in subscription funds being returned to the investor. In the event that the offering is terminated, all subscription funds from the escrow account will be returned to investors by noon of the next business day after the termination of the offering.
Selling Restrictions
No action has been taken in any jurisdiction (except in the United States) that would permit a public offering of the Class A Shares, or the possession, circulation or distribution of this prospectus or any other material relating to us or the Class A Shares, where action for that purpose is required. Accordingly, the Class A Shares may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, and neither this prospectus nor any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the Class A Shares may be distributed or published, in or from any country or jurisdiction except in compliance with any applicable rules and regulations of any such country or jurisdiction.
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for the Class A Shares is Transhare Corporation, 15500 Roosevelt Blvd., Suite 301.
Listing
Our Class A Shares are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the trading symbol “WBUY.”
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EXPENSES RELATING TO THIS OFFERING
Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding non-accountable expense allowance that we expect to incur in connection with this offering. With the exception of the SEC registration fee all amounts are estimates.
| Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee | $ | 428 | ||
| Legal Fees and Expenses | $ | 120,000 | ||
| Accounting Fees and Expenses | $ | 0 | ||
| Printing Expenses | $ | 2,000 | ||
| Miscellaneous Expenses | $ | 100,000 | ||
| Total Expenses | $ | 222,428 |
These expenses will be borne by us.
LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the ordinary shares offered hereby and certain legal matters as to Cayman Islands law will be passed upon for us by Conyers Dill & Pearman Pte. Ltd.. Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP is acting as counsel to our company regarding U.S. securities law matters. The current address of Conyers Dill & Pearman Pte. Ltd. is 9 Battery Road, #20-01 MYP Centre, Singapore 049910. The current address of Ortoli Rosenstadt LLP is 366 Madison Avenue, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10017.
EXPERTS
The financial statements of WEBUY GLOBAL LTD as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 and for the years respectively then ended included in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the report of OneStop Assurance PAC, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing. OneStop Assurance PAC has offices at 10 Anson Rd, #06-15 International Plaza, Singapore 079903. Their telephone number is +65 96449531.
INTERESTS OF EXPERTS AND COUNSEL
None of the named experts or legal counsel was employed on a contingent basis, owns an amount of shares in our company which is material to that person, or has a material, direct or indirect economic interest in our company or that depends on the success of the offering.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form F-1, including relevant exhibits and schedules under the Securities Act, covering the Class A Shares offered by this prospectus. You should refer to our registration statements and their exhibits and schedules if you would like to find out more about us and about the Class A Shares. This prospectus summarizes material provisions of contracts and other documents that we refer you to. Since the prospectus may not contain all the information that you may find important, you should review the full text of these documents.
Immediately upon the completion of this offering, we will be subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act, as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders under the federal proxy rules contained in Sections 14(a), (b) and (c) of the Exchange Act, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act.
You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. The SEC also maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements and other information about issuers, such as us, who file electronically with the SEC. The address of that website is http://www.sec.gov. The information on that website is not a part of this prospectus.
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WEBUY GLOBAL LTD
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the board of directors of Webuy Global Ltd
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Webuy Global Ltd and subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ deficit, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial positions of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Going Concern Uncertainty
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the Company has incurred losses from operations, net cash used in operating activities and has a deficit on total equity that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern. Management’s plans regarding these matters are also described in Note 1. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ OneStop Assurance PAC
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2022.
Singapore
April 15, 2024
F-2
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares and par value)
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Assets | ||||||||
| Current assets | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable | ||||||||
| Inventories | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ||||||||
| Note receivable | ||||||||
| Amount due from related parties | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Right of use assets – operating lease | ||||||||
| Intangible assets | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Liabilities and Shareholders’ (Deficit) Equity | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred revenue | ||||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Amount due to a related party | ||||||||
| Loans payable – current | ||||||||
| Convertible notes payable | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability – current | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Loans payable – non-current | ||||||||
| Operating lease liability – non-current | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) | ||||||||
| Ordinary stock ( | $ | $ | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) to shareholders of Webuy Global Ltd | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deficit attributable to non-controlling interests | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Revenues | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cost of revenues | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gross profit | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | ||||||||||||
| Selling and distribution expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| General administrative expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Share-based compensation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Loss from operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other (expense) income | ||||||||||||
| Other income | ||||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | ||||||||||||
| Finance costs | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total other (expense) income, net | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Income taxes | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to shareholders of Webuy Global Ltd | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Foreign currency translation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests | ||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to shareholders of Webuy Global Ltd | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | )* | $ | ( | )* | ||||
| * | * | |||||||||||
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-4
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
| Ordinary Shares | Additional | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Equity (Deficit) to | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of Shares* | Amount ($0.000000385 par*) | Paid-in Capital | Accumulated Deficit | (loss) Income | Ordinary Shareholders | Non-controlling Interests | (Equity Deficit) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as at December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in a subsidiary (Note) | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as at December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares through convertible notes conversion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares through SAFE note conversion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares under a subscription agreement | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares to Webuy Global Ltd.’s shareholders | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Disposal of a subsidiary (Note) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as at December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||
| Issuance of ordinary shares for the initial public offering (“IPO”) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation | — | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance as at December 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Note: | On August 7, 2021, the Company increased its equity interest in Webuy Sdn Bhd (“Webuy Malaysia”) from 60% to 71.4% through the acquisition of 400,000 new shares issued by Webuy Malaysia for the purchase consideration of $88,000 ($0.22 per share). On July 27, 2022 the Company fully disposed Webuy Malaysia. |
| * |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-5
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”)
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash Flows From Operating Activities: | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation of leasehold improvements and equipment and right of use assets | ||||||||||||
| Gain on disposal of subsidiaries | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Provision for expected credit loss on accounts receivable | ||||||||||||
| Impairment losses of other assets | ||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation | ||||||||||||
| Non-cash lease costs | ||||||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating lease liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable | ||||||||||||
| Deferred revenue | ||||||||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Amount due from/to related parties | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net Cash used in Operating Activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash Flows From Investing Activities: | ||||||||||||
| Purchase of intangible assets | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of leasehold improvements and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Purchase of a promissory note | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Net Cash used in Investing Activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash Flows From Financing Activities | ||||||||||||
| Disposal of subsidiaries | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of ordinary shares | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of convertible notes | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of SAFE note | ||||||||||||
| Increase in investment in subsidiary | ||||||||||||
| Investment in subsidiaries by non-controlling interest | ||||||||||||
| Proceeds from term loan | ||||||||||||
| Repayment of loan payables | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net Cash provided by Financing Activities | ||||||||||||
| Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Net changes in cash | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Cash at beginning of the year | ||||||||||||
| Cash at end of the year | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information: | ||||||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Cash paid for taxes | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Financing Activities: | ||||||||||||
| Conversion of convertible notes into ordinary shares | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Conversion of SAFE note into ordinary shares | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 1. Organization, Description of Business and Going Concern
Webuy Global Ltd (“Webuy”) was incorporated on August 29, 2022 in the Cayman Islands as a company limited by shares.
Webuy Global Ltd and subsidiaries (“we”, “our”, “us” or collectively known as the “Company”) is an emerging Southeast Asian (“SEA”) community-oriented e-Commerce retailor (“Community E-Commerce Retailor”) with a focus on grocery and travel. Community e-commerce is a deepened extension form of e-commerce, where social media users with mutual interest and like-minded behavior are connected, forming a community group within a network through online medium. Our mission is to make social shopping a new lifestyle for consumers and to empower consumers’ purchases with an efficient cost-saving purchasing model.
Share Swap Agreement
On August 29, 2022, the Company closed a
share swap agreement (the “Share Swap”) between New Retail International Pte Ltd. (“New Retail”), which
is a private company with limited liability under Singapore law and its shareholders. Under the Share Swap, the Company acquired
Reorganization
The Share Swap between Webuy and New Retail is considered as a merger of entities under common control. Under the guidance in ASC 805, for transactions between entities under common control, the assets, liabilities and results of operations, are recognized at their carrying amounts on the date of the Share Swap, which required retrospective combination of Webuy and New Retail for all periods presented. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the existing corporate structure had been in existence throughout all periods. This includes a retrospective presentation for all equity related disclosures, including issued shares and earnings per share, which have been revised to reflect the effects of the reorganization, as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
Corporate Structure
| Name | Incorporation Date | Percentage of effective ownership | Place of Incorporation | Fiscal Year | Principal Activities | |||||
| Webuy Global Ltd | ||||||||||
| New Retail International Pte Ltd | ||||||||||
| PT Webuy Social Indonesia | ||||||||||
| The Shopaholic Bear Pte Ltd | ||||||||||
| Bear Bear Pte Ltd | ||||||||||
| Webuy Travel Pte. Ltd. | ||||||||||
| PT Webuy Travel Indonesia | ||||||||||
| PT Buah Kita Retail | ||||||||||
| Webuy Advisory Pte Ltd |
F-7
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 1. Organization, Description of Business and Going Concern (cont.)
Going concern
As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s operating losses raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. In assessing the going concern, management and the Board has considered the following:
| ● | Management expects to see improved cash flows including liquidity and borrowings from future fund-raising activities. The Company’s principal uses of cash have been, and management expects will continue to be, for working capital to support a reasonable increase in our scale of operations as well as for business expansion investments. |
No assurance can be provided that these additional financings will be available on acceptable terms or at all. If management is unable to execute this plan, there would likely be a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which assumes that the Company will be able to continue in operation for the foreseeable future and will be able to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business.
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation and consolidation
The consolidated financial statements are prepared on the basis as if the reorganization became effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”).
The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and all its majority-owned subsidiaries from the dates they were incorporated. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management of the Company to make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period. Significant accounting estimates reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to estimates and judgments applied in the allowance for receivables, accounting for share-based compensation arrangements, estimated useful lives of leasehold improvements and equipment, impairment of long-lived assets, and going concern. Actual results could differ from those estimates and judgments.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash is carried at cost and represent cash on hand and bank deposits. Cash equivalents consist of funds received from customers, which funds were held at the third-party platform’s fund account, and which are unrestricted and immediately available for withdrawal and use.
Periodically, the Company may carry cash balances
at financial institutions more than the respective subsidiaries’ government insured limits in Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia (subsidiary
in Malaysia was disposed on July 27, 2022) and China (subsidiary in China was disposed on June 29, 2022) ranging from approximately
$ to $
F-8
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
Foreign currencies translation and transactions
The reporting currency of the Company is United States Dollar (“US$”) and the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been expressed in “$”. In addition, the Company’s subsidiaries are operating in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and People Republic of China and maintains its books and records in its local currency, Singapore Dollar (“SGD”), Malaysia Ringgit (“MYR”), Indonesia Rupiah (“IDR”) and Chinese Yuan (“CNY”), respectively, which are the functional currency as being the primary currency of the economic environment in which their operations are conducted. In general, for consolidation purposes, assets and liabilities of its subsidiaries whose functional currency is not US$ are translated into US$, in accordance with ASC Topic 830-30, “Translation of Financial Statement”, using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Shareholders’ equity is translated using the historical rates. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates prevailing during the year. The gains and losses resulting from translation of financial statements of foreign subsidiary are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income within the statements of changes in shareholders’ equity.
Accounts receivable
Accounts receivable are recorded in accordance
with ASC 310, “Receivables.” Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The allowance
for doubtful accounts is the Company’s best estimate of the amount of probable credit losses in its existing accounts receivable
and other receivables. The Company determines the allowance based on aging data, historical collection experience, customer specific
facts and economic conditions. Account balances are charged off against the allowance after all means of collection have been exhausted
and the potential for recovery is considered remote. The Company did not have any off-balance-sheet credit exposure relating to its customers,
suppliers or others. For the years ended December 31, 2023, the Company recorded a provision for expected credit loss of $
Share-based compensation
ASC 718 “Compensation — Stock Compensation” prescribes accounting and reporting standards for all share-based payment transactions in which employee services are acquired. Transactions include incurring liabilities, or issuing or offering to issue shares, options, and other equity instruments such as employee stock ownership plans and stock appreciation rights. Share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, are recognized as compensation expense in the financial statements based on their fair values. That expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide services in exchange for the award, known as the requisite service period (usually the vesting period).
Share-based compensation amounted to approximately
$, $
Inventory
Inventories which comprise mainly of merchandise products sold through the Company’s e-commerce business platform are primarily accounted for using the first-in-first-out (“FIFO”) method of accounting. Inventories are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The Company estimates the net realizable value of inventories based on an assessment of expected sales prices. Demand levels and pricing competition could change from time to time. If such factors result in an adverse effect on the Company’s products, the Company might be required to reduce the value of its inventories. There is no allowance of obsolete stocks recognized for the financial years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
F-9
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
Intangible assets
The cost of intangible assets with determinable useful lives is amortized to reflect the pattern of economic benefits consumed on a straight-line basis over the estimated periods benefited. Software, technology, and other intangibles with contractual terms are generally amortized over their respective legal or contractual lives. When certain events or changes in operating conditions occur, an impairment assessment is performed and lives of intangible assets with determinable lives may be adjusted.
| Types of intangible assets | The estimated useful lives of the intangible assets | |
| Applications development | ||
| Software |
Leasehold improvements and equipment, net
Leasehold improvements and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost represents the purchase price of the asset and other costs incurred to bring the asset into its existing use. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense; major additions to physical properties are capitalized.
Depreciation of leasehold improvements is provided
using the straight-line method over the shorter of the remaining lease term or their estimated useful lives. Except for leasehold improvements,
depreciation of equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets with no residual value.
| Useful life | ||
| Motor vehicles | ||
| Office equipment | ||
| Furniture and fittings | ||
| Computer | ||
| Warehouse equipment | ||
| Machinery equipment | ||
| Leasehold improvements |
Impairment of Intangible and Long-Lived Assets
The Company tests its intangible and long-lived assets for impairment at least annually and whenever events or circumstances change that indicate impairment may have occurred. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include, among others and without limitation: a significant decline in the Company’s expected future cash flows; a sustained, significant decline in the Company’s stock price and market capitalization; a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate of the Company’s segments; unanticipated competition; and slower growth rates.
Leases
A lease for which substantially all the benefits and risks incidental to ownership remain with the lessor is classified by the lessee as an operating lease. The Company records the lease expenses on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
F-10
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, operating lease liabilities — current and operating lease liabilities — non-current on the balance sheets. Finance leases are included in leasehold improvements and equipment, loan payable — current and loan payable — non-current in the balance sheets.
Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. ROU assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Generally, the implicit rate of interest (“discount rate”) in arrangements is not readily determinable and the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of lease payments. The Company’s incremental borrowing rate is a hypothetical rate based on its understanding of what its credit rating would be. The operating lease ROU asset includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives.
Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company accounts for the lease and non-lease components of its leases as a single lease component. Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Accounts payables and other current liabilities
Accounts payable and other current liabilities are liabilities for goods and services provided to the Company prior to the end of the financial year which are unpaid. They are recognized initially at their fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. They are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.
Convertible notes payable
Upon adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06 on January 1, 2022, the elimination of the beneficial conversion feature (“BCF”) and cash conversion models in ASC 470-20 that requires separate accounting for embedded conversion features in convertible instruments results in the convertible debt instruments being recorded as a single liability (i.e., there is no separation of the conversion feature, and all proceeds are allocated to the convertible debt instruments as a single unit of account). Unless conversion features are derivatives that must be bifurcated from the host contracts in accordance with ASC 815-15 or, in the case of convertible debt, if the instruments are issued with a substantial premium, in the latter case, ASC 470-20-25-13 requires the substantial premium to be attributable to the conversion feature and recorded in additional paid-in capital (APIC).
The Company accounted for these Notes as a single liability-classified instrument measured at amortized cost due to the adoption of ASU 2020-06. ASC Subtopic 470-20 “Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options” and ASC subtopic 815-40 “Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity”. The Company has presented these Notes in current liabilities in the accompanying balance sheets. On November 27, 2023, these Note bearers signed another agreement with the Company to provide a waiver of the right of conversion of the Note into conversion shares (Note 1).
SAFE Notes Payable
The Company evaluates the Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) notes in accordance with ASC 480-10 and determined that the SAFEs represented an obligation that the Company must settle by issuing a variable number of its equity shares, the monetary value of which is known when entering into the SAFE. This provision requires the SAFE notes to be classified as marked-to-market liabilities. The SAFE notes are recorded as a liability at their estimated fair value.
F-11
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
Fair value measurements
The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs, when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:
| ● | Level 1 — Observable inputs that reflect quoted market prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; |
| ● | Level 2 — Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly in the marketplace for identical or similar assets and liabilities; and |
| ● | Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market data, which require the Company to develop its own assumptions. |
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the carrying values of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, accounts receivable and other assets, accounts payable and other current liabilities and loan payables, approximate their fair values due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
Revenue recognition
We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606) for all periods presented. The core principle underlying the revenue recognition of this ASU allows the Company to recognize revenue that represents the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled in such exchange. This will require the Company to identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer.
To achieve that core principle, we apply five-step model to recognize revenue from customer contracts. The five-step model requires that we (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.
Product revenues
— Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time
The Company primarily sells goods through group orders directly through the Company’s mobile application. The Company accounts for the revenues generated from sales on a gross basis as the Company is acting as a principal in these transactions and is responsible for fulfilling the promise to provide the specified goods, which the Company has control of the goods and has the ability to direct the use of goods to obtain substantially all the benefits. Revenues are measured based on the amount of consideration that the Company expects to receive reduced by sales return and discount. In making this determination, the Company also assesses whether the Company is primarily obligated, subject to inventory risk, has latitude in establishing prices, or has met several but not all of these indicators in accordance with ASC 606-10-55-36 through 40. The Company recognizes the sales of goods when the control of the specified goods is transferred to customers which is upon delivery of goods to customers. Revenues also exclude any amounts collected on behalf of the third parties, including sales taxes and indirect taxes.
The Company sells goods to customers and the revenues are earned from the cash payment made by customers or customers settle their balances with “Assets”. The Company grants “Assets” upon (i) Cash collected from customers via Webuy mobile APP to top up their e-wallet balance; (ii) Refund to customers’ e-wallet due to order cancellation or products returned from customers; (iii) Commissions payable to Group Leaders for the provision of services to the Company. These “Assets” entitle the holders to offset future purchases. As such, “Assets” are initially recognized and recorded as “Advances from customers” upon the grant and when customers have yet placed the purchase orders to create an underlying sales agreement with the Company. The Company uses the term “Assets” to represent the payment procedures and balances of customers’ user accounts on the Company’s Webuy mobile APP platform.
F-12
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
Until “Assets” are used at the time when customers have placed the purchase orders, “Assets” of customers’ user accounts in the Company’s Webuy mobile APP will be reduced; as for the Company’s book-keeping, the Company reclassifies the “Advance from customers” balance to “Deferred revenue”. “Deferred revenue” is a contract liability that the Company is obligated to transfer goods to customers for which the Company has received consideration (or the amount is due) from customers in the form of cash or “Assets”. The balance of “Deferred revenue” represents unfulfilled performance obligations in the sales agreement, i.e. products that have not yet been delivered. Once the related products have been delivered, the amount in “Deferred revenue” account is shifted to a revenue account.
The revenue deferred from the previous year was
fully recognized as income in the current year amounting to $
Packaged-tour revenue
— Performance obligations satisfied at a point in time
Within each contract, the Company identify whether it is principal or agent at the performance obligation level. In arrangements where the Company has substantive control over the service before transferring it to the customer, and is primarily responsible for integrating the services into the final deliverables, the Company acts as principal. The Company’s revenue on the sale of packaged-tour is reported as a gross basis, that is, the amounts billed to the customer are recorded as revenues, and amounts paid to travel supplier (such as airlines, hotels, travel buses, etc.) are recorded as cost of revenues. The Company is principal in accordance with ASC paragraphs 606-10-55-36 through 55-40 because the Company controls the packaged-tour including the underlying travel services before the services are transferred to the customer. The control is evidenced by the Company being primarily responsible to its customer and is having a level of discretion in establishing pricing.
The Company operates as a single operating segment
including product revenue from the sale of goods, which represent
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product/Service Type | 2023 | Percentage of Total Revenue | 2022 | Percentage of Total Revenue | 2021 | Percentage of Total Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||
| Food and beverage | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fresh produce | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Lifestyle and other personal care items | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Packaged-tour | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||
F-13
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Product/Service Type | 2023 | Percentage of Total Revenue | 2022 | Percentage of Total Revenue | 2021 | Percentage of Total Revenue | ||||||||||||||||||
| Singapore | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Indonesia | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Malaysia | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | % | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||
During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, all revenues were generated from third parties.
Cost of revenue
Costs are recognized when incurred. Cost of revenue consists of direct labor, materials, freight charges and other direct costs.
Net Loss Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed based on the weighted average number of ordinary shares plus the effect of dilutive potential ordinary shares outstanding during the period using the treasury stock method and as if converted method. Dilutive potential ordinary shares include outstanding restricted stock units.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, the restricted stock units were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the result was anti-dilutive.
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using an asset and liability approach which allows for the recognition and measurement of deferred tax assets based upon the likelihood of realization of tax benefits in future years. Deferred tax assets are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilized. Deferred tax is calculated using tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realized, or the liability is settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Current income taxes are provided for in accordance with the laws of the relevant taxing authorities.
The Company conducts its businesses in Singapore and Indonesia, and is subject to tax in these jurisdictions. As a result of its business activities, the Company will file separate tax returns in those countries that are subject to examination by the foreign tax authorities.
Related Parties
The Company follows ASC 850, “Related Party Disclosures,” for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions and balances.
F-14
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326), Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This standard requires a financial asset (or group of financial assets) measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The allowance for credit losses is a valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. This standard is effective for the Company on January 1, 2023.
In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which adds a new Topic 326 to the Codification and removes the thresholds that companies apply to measure credit losses on financial instruments measured at amortized cost, such as loans, receivables, and held-to-maturity debt securities. Under current U.S. GAAP, companies generally recognize credit losses when it is probable that the loss has been incurred. The revised guidance will remove all recognition thresholds and will require companies to recognize an allowance for credit losses for the difference between the amortized cost basis of a financial instrument and the amount of amortized cost that the company expects to collect over the instrument’s contractual life. ASU 2016-13 also amends the credit loss measurement guidance for available-for-sale debt securities and beneficial interests in securitized financial assets. In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04 which clarified the treatment of accrued interest when measuring credit losses. Entities may: (1) measure the allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable balances separately from other components of the amortized cost basis of associated financial assets; (2) make various accounting policy elections regarding the treatment of accrued interest receivable; or (3) elect a practical expedient to disclose separately the total amount of accrued interest included in the amortized cost basis as a single balance to meet certain disclosure requirements. ASU 2019-04 also clarified that expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off should be included in the valuation account and should not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off by the entity. In addition, for collateral dependent financial assets, the amendments clarify that an allowance for credit losses that is added to the amortized cost basis of the financial asset(s) should not exceed amounts previously written off. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-10, which delayed the effective date of ASU 2016-13 to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022 for smaller reporting companies, although early adoption is permitted.In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses” which clarified or addressed specific issues about certain aspects of the amendments in ASU 2016-13. The amendments in ASU 2019-11 clarified the following: (1) The allowance for credit losses (ACL) for purchased financial assets with credit deterioration should include expected recoveries of amounts previously written off and expected to be written off by the entity and should not exceed the aggregate of amounts of the amortized cost basis previously written off and expected to be written off by an entity. In addition, the amendments clarify that when a method other than a discounted cash flow method is used to estimate expected credit losses, expected recoveries should not include any amounts that result in an acceleration of the noncredit discount. An entity may include increases in expected cashflows after acquisition; (2) Transition relief will be provided by permitting entities an accounting policy election to adjust the effective interest rate on existing troubled debt restructurings using prepayment assumptions on the date of adoption of Topic 326 rather than the prepayment assumptions in effect immediately before the restructuring; (3) Disclosure relief will be extended for accrued interest receivable balances to additional relevant disclosures involving amortized cost basis; (4) An entity should assess whether it reasonably expects the borrower will be able to continually replenish collateral securing the financial asset to apply the practical expedient. The amendments clarify that an entity applying the practical expedient should estimate expected credit losses for any difference between the amount of the amortized cost basis that is greater than the fair value of the collateral securing the financial asset (that is, the unsecured portion of the amortized cost basis). An entity may determine that the expectation of nonpayment for the amount of the amortized cost basis equal to the fair value of the collateral securing the financial asset is zero. In March 2022, the FASB issued
F-15
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 2. Summary of Signification Accounting Policies (cont.)
ASU 2022-02 which clarified the treatment of accrued interest when measuring credit losses. The amendments in this Update eliminate the TDR recognition and measurement guidance and, instead, require that an entity evaluate (consistent with the accounting for other loan modifications) whether the modification represents a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. The amendments enhance existing disclosure requirements and introduce new requirements related to certain modifications of receivables made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For public business entities, the amendments in this Update require that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investment in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2023.
All new standards and amendments that are effective for annual reporting period commencing January 1, 2023 have been applied by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023. The adoption of these new and amended standards did not have material impact on the unaudited interim consolidated financial statements of the Company. A number of new standards and amendments to standards have not come into effect for the year beginning January 1, 2023, and they have not been early adopted by the Company in preparing these consolidated financial statements. None of these new standards and amendments to standards is expected to have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements of the Company.
Note 3. Accounts receivable
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Trade receivables | $ | $ | ||||||
| Provision for expected credit loss | ( | ) | ||||||
| Exchange rate difference | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Note 4. Prepaid expenses and other assets
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Prepayment | $ | $ | ||||||
| Advance to suppliers | ||||||||
| Deposits | ||||||||
| Other receivables | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
The prepayment includes payments of IT services,
advertisement expenses, insurance premiums, rental expenses, travel package costs and professional fees. The deposits are mainly
related to equipment, office and warehouse refundable security deposit and payment service provider rolling reserves. During the year
ended December 31, 2023, deposits also include an earnest deposit of $
F-16
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 5. Note receivable
On November 9, 2023, a third party issued
an unsecured promissory note to the Company, pursuant to which the Company lent a principal amount of $
Note 6. Leasehold improvements and Equipment
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Motor vehicles | $ | $ | ||||||
| Office equipment | ||||||||
| Furniture and fittings | ||||||||
| Computer | ||||||||
| Warehouse equipment | ||||||||
| Machinery equipment | ||||||||
| Leasehold improvements | ||||||||
| Accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Leasehold improvements and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation expense of leasehold improvements
and equipment for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $
During the years ended December 31,
2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company purchased assets of $
The motor vehicles with a net carrying amount
of $
Note 7. Right of use assets and operating lease liability
Operating lease
The Company has entered into commercial operating
leases for the use of offices and warehouses as lessee. These leases have varying terms, escalation clauses and renewal rights. On February 28,
2023, the Company entered into a new lease agreement for a lease term of five years for a four-story office and warehouse facility
in Singapore. The Company is committed to pay a total rental fee of approximately $
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Leasehold buildings | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| ROU assets, net of accumulated amortization | $ | $ | ||||||
F-17
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 7. Right of use assets and operating lease liability (cont.)
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Operating lease cost: | ||||||||||||
| Operating lease costs | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Short-term lease costs | ||||||||||||
| $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||
| Supplemental cash flow information: | ||||||||||||
| Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Right-of-use obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | ||||||||||||
| Weighted-average remaining lease term (years): | ||||||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||||||||||
| Operating leases | ||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||
| 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Total operating lease payment | ||||
| Less: Imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of operating lease liabilities | ||||
| Operating lease liabilities – current | $ | |||
| Operating lease liabilities – non-current | $ | |||
Note 8. Intangible assets
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Software | $ | $ | ||||||
| Application development | ||||||||
| Accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization | $ | $ | ||||||
F-18
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 8. Intangible assets (cont.)
| Amortization expense | ||||
| Years Ended December 31, | ||||
| 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| Total amortization expense | $ | |||
Amortization expense of intangible assets for
the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $
During the years ended December 31,
2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company acquired intangible assets of $
Note 9. Other current liabilities
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses | $ | $ | ||||||
| Advance from customers | ||||||||
| Other payables | ||||||||
| $ | $ | |||||||
Accrued expenses mainly relate to staff-related expenses as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Advance payments from customers primarily refer to the prepayment made by customers for goods before their delivery. This arrangement involves customers paying upfront, ensuring a commitment to the purchase prior to receiving the products.
Other payables mainly include outstanding amounts owed to various non-trade vendors and value added tax (“VAT”) payables as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Note 10. Loans payable
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Hire purchases – Motor Vehicle | $ | $ | ||||||
| Term loan I | ||||||||
| Term loan II | ||||||||
| Short-term loan | ||||||||
| Less current portion | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Long-term loans payable | $ | $ | ||||||
On August 27, 2020, the Company acquired a motor vehicle pursuant to a hire purchase financing arrangement.
F-19
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 10. Loans payable (cont.)
The Company has booked interest expense on the
loans of $
On September 23, 2021, the Company entered
into an unsecured term loan agreement (“Term loan I”) with a third party and obtained a loan facility in the amount
of $
On January 6, 2022, the Company entered
into an unsecured term loan agreement (“Term loan II”) with a third party and obtained a loan facility in the amount
of $
On December 12, 2022, the Company entered
into a loan agreement (“Short-term loan”) with a third party whereby the Company borrowed $
Hire Purchases
| Finance leases | ||||
| Year Ended December 31, | ||||
| 2024 | $ | |||
| 2025 | ||||
| 2026 | ||||
| 2027 | ||||
| 2028 | ||||
| Thereafter | ||||
| Less: Imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Hire purchases liabilities | ||||
| Hire purchases liabilities – current | $ | |||
| Hire purchases liabilities – non-current | $ | |||
Note 11. Related Party Transactions
Amount due from related parties
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company
recorded amount due from GBuy Global Pte Ltd, a shareholder of the Company of $
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company
recorded amount due from Webuy Talent Ltd (“Webuy Talent”) of $
F-20
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 11. Related Party Transactions (cont.)
Amount due to a related party
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Beginning of the years January 1 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Advances for operation and administration expenses | ||||||||||||
| Payments made to a director | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Reversal of a related party payable due to disposal of a subsidiary | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Exchange difference | ||||||||||||
| Years ended December 31 | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company
recorded amount due to Mr. Bin Xue, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of Director of the Company of $
Upon the completion of the disposal of Webuy
Sdn Bhd on July 27, 2022, Webuy Sdn Bhd was ceased to be accounted as a subsidiary of the Company. As a result of the disposal,
the Company reversed a related party payable to a director of Webuy Sdn Bhd of $
Note 12. Convertible Notes Payables
During the year ended December 31, 2022,
the Company issued a series of Convertible Loan Note (“Note”) in aggregate principal amount of $
During the year ended December 31, 2023,
the Company issued a series of Convertible Loan Note (“Note”) in aggregate principal amount of $
Pursuant to the terms in the Note agreements,
these Note will mature in 12 months to 18 months from the funding date and bear interest at a rate of
F-21
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 13. SAFE Notes Payable
During the year ended December 31, 2022,
the Company entered into a series of Simple Agreement for Future Equity (“SAFE”) in the aggregate amount of $
Note 14. Equity
On May 2, 2023,
The share forward split was consummated under Cayman Islands law on May 2, 2023. Below is a reconciliation of the effect of the retroactive adjustments.
| Pre-share
forward split | Adjustments | Post-share
forward split | ||||||||||
| (Deficit) Equity | ||||||||||||
| Number of ordinary shares – authorized | ||||||||||||
| Par value | $ | $ | $ | |||||||||
| Pre-share
forward split | Adjustments | Post-share
forward split | ||||||||||
| Loss per share | ||||||||||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average number of shares used in computation: | ||||||||||||
| Pre-share forward split | Adjustments | Post-share forward split | ||||||||||
| Loss per share | ||||||||||||
| $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| Weighted average number of shares used in computation: | ||||||||||||
Authorized Shares
As
of December 31, 2023, the Company has
F-22
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 14. Equity (cont.)
Ordinary Shares
A series of Convertible Loan Notes (see Note 12)
has been converted by the investors, for
A series of SAFE Notes (see Note 13) has
been converted by the investors, for
On August 29, 2022, the Company entered
into a subscription agreement with an investor to issue and sell
On August 29, 2022, the Company issued
As of December 31, 2022,
The Company completed its initial public offering
of
On November 3, 2023, the Representative
exercised the Over-Allotment Option partially to purchase an additional
As of December 31, 2023, the total issued
and outstanding number of ordinary shares was
Restricted Share Units
On January 1, 2021, the Company granted
F-23
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 15. Income tax
On June 29, 2022, the Company completed
the disposal of its
On July 27, 2022, the Company completed
the disposal of its
Income tax expense comprises current and deferred taxes. Current taxes and deferred taxes are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that it relates to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in other comprehensive loss.
Enterprise income tax
Cayman Islands
The Company is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to income or capital gains taxes. In addition, dividend payments are not subject to withholdings tax in the Cayman Islands.
Singapore
Subsidiaries incorporated in Singapore are subject
to the Singapore Corporate Tax rate of
Indonesia
Domestic statutory corporate income tax rate
in Indonesia is
Malaysia
Domestic statutory corporate income tax rate
in Malaysia is subject to the Malaysia enterprise income tax rate of
China
Domestic statutory corporate income tax rate
in China is subject to the China corporate income tax rate of
Current taxes are the expected tax receivable or payable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax receivable or payable in respect of previous years. Deferred taxes are recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.
F-24
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 15. Income tax (cont.)
Deferred taxes are not recognized for the following temporary differences: the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss, and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries and jointly controlled entities to the extent that it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future.
A deferred tax asset is recognized for unused tax losses, tax credits and deductible temporary differences, to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be utilized. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized.
The Company considers positive and negative evidence to determine whether some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will more likely than not be realized. This assessment considers, among other matters, the nature, frequency and severity of recent losses, forecasts of future profitability, the duration of statutory carry forward periods, the Company’s experience with tax attributes expiring unused and tax planning alternatives. Valuation allowances have been established for deferred tax assets based on a more-likely-than-not threshold. The Company’s ability to realize deferred tax assets depends on its ability to generate sufficient taxable income within the carry forward periods provided for in the tax law.
| For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Net loss before income taxes | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | |||
| Income tax expenses attributable to net income at Singapore statutory rate of | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Effect of different tax rates in other jurisdictions | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Non-deductible expenses | ||||||||||||
| Singapore tax exemption or non-taxable income | — | — | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Unrecognized deferred tax asset | ||||||||||||
| Total tax provision | $ | $ | $ | — | ||||||||
| (*) |
| As of December 31, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Tax loss carry forwards | $ | $ | ||||||
| Deferred tax assets | ||||||||
| Valuation allowance | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total deferred tax assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
According to Singapore Income Tax Act, due to
change of ownership in New Retail, the tax losses carry forwards of $
F-25
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 16. Government Grants
Under The Wage Credit Scheme (“WCS”)
introduced by the Singapore government, the Singapore government will co-fund
Under The Jobs Support Scheme (“JSS”)
introduced by the Singapore government, depending on the business sectors, employers that are entitled to JSS will be subsidized from
Under The Jobs Growth Incentive (“JGI”)
is a salary support scheme introduced by the Singapore government that provides eligible employers with
Under enterprise transformation programmes introduced
by the Singapore government, eligible employers can receive a one-off SGD
During the year ended December 31, 2023,
2022 and 2021, these government grants in aggregate amount of $
Note 17. Concentrations and Risks
Concentrations
Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of accounts receivable. The Company conducts credit evaluations of its customers, and generally does not require collateral or other security from them. The Company evaluates its collection experience and long outstanding balances to determine the need for an allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company conducts periodic reviews of the financial condition and payment practices of its customers to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.
There was no single customer who represent 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue for financial years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.
There were two suppliers who represent
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | % accounts payable | 2022 | % accounts payable | |||||||||||||
| Company A | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||
| Company B | % | |||||||||||||||
| Company C | ||||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||
F-26
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 17. Concentrations and Risks (cont.)
| As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2023 | % accounts receivable | 2022 | % accounts receivable | |||||||||||||
| Company A | $ | % | $ | % | ||||||||||||
| Company B | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| Company C | % | % | ||||||||||||||
| $ | % | $ | % | |||||||||||||
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the potential financial loss to the Company resulting from the failure of a customer or a counterparty to settle its financial and contractual obligations to the Company, as and when they fall due. As the Company does not hold any collateral, the maximum exposure to credit risk is the carrying amounts of trade and other receivables (exclude prepayments) and cash and bank deposits presented on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company has no other financial assets which carry significant exposure to credit risk.
Foreign Currency Risk
The Company operates in multiple markets, which exposes it to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates as it reports its financials and key operational metrics in USD. The Company earns revenue denominated in local currencies of Southeast Asia. The Company generally incur expenses for employee compensation and other operating expenses in the local currencies in the markets in which it operates. Fluctuations in the exchange rates among the various currencies that the Company uses could cause fluctuations in its operational and financial results.
Note 18. Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business, we are subject to loss contingencies, such as legal proceedings and claims arising out of our business, that cover a wide range of matters, including, among others, government investigations and tax matters. In accordance with ASC No. 450-20, “Loss Contingencies”, we will record accruals for such loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of December 31, 2023 and through the date of this report.
F-27
WEBUY GLOBAL LTD AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2023, 2022 AND 2021
(Amounts expressed in US dollars (“$”) except for numbers of shares)
Note 19. Subsequent Events
Subsequent events have been reviewed through the date these consolidated financial statements were issued and required no adjustments or disclosures other than the following:
On March 8, 2024, the shareholders of the Company approved:
| (i) | all the authorized and issued and outstanding ordinary shares of a par value of US$ |
| (ii) | the |
| (iii) |
| (iv) | re-designate |
On January 5, 2024, a third party issued
an unsecured promissory note to the Company, pursuant to which the Company lent a principal amount of $
The Company incorporated Webuy Advisory Pte. Ltd. on February 2, 2024.
F-28
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 6. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.
Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our amended and restated articles of association provide to the extent permitted by law, we shall indemnify our directors and officers, and their personal representatives, against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, expenses, losses, damages or liabilities incurred or sustained by such persons, other than by reason of such person’s dishonesty, willful default or fraud, in or about the conduct of our company’s business or affairs (including as a result of any mistake of judgment) or in the execution or discharge of his duties, powers, authorities or discretions, including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing, any costs, expenses, losses or liabilities incurred by such director or officer in defending (whether successfully or otherwise) any civil proceedings concerning our company or its affairs in any court whether in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere.
To the extent permitted by law, we may make a payment, or agree to make a payment, whether by way of advance, loan or otherwise, for any legal costs incurred by an existing or former secretary or any of our officers in respect of any matter identified in above on condition that the secretary or officer must repay the amount paid by us to the extent that it is ultimately found not liable to indemnify the secretary or that officer for those legal costs.
The Underwriting Agreement, the form of which has been filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this Registration Statement, will also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
ITEM 7. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.
Upon the incorporation of the Company on August 29, 2022, we have an authorized share capital of $100,000. On August 29, 2022, in connection with NRI Share Swap Agreement, the Company acquired 100% of the issued shares of New Retail (being 16,644 shares comprising (a) 8,202 ordinary shares denominated in SGD, (b) 3,440 preference shares denominated in SGD, and (c) 5,002 preference shares denominated in USD) through the Share Swap. Following the Share Swap, New Retail became a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and the former shareholders, holders of warrants, convertible notes and SAFE of New Retail held 100% of the issued ordinary shares of the Company. These shares were issued in reliance on the exemption under Regulation S of the Securities Act.
On May 2, 2023, we amended and restated our Memorandum and Articles of Association, increased the authorized share capital of the Company from US$100,000 divided into 100,000,000 shares of a par value of US$0.001 each to US$100,100 divided into 100,100,000 shares of a par value of US$0.001 each and subdivided every issued and unissued share of par value of US$0.001 each to 2,600 shares of a par value of US$0.000000385 each (the “Share Subdivision”). We had 18,466 ordinary shares of par value of US$0.001 each issued and outstanding before the Share Subdivision. After the Share Subdivision, the authorized share capital of the Company was US$100,100 divided into 260,000,000,000 shares of a par value of US$0.000000385 each and there were 48,011,600 ordinary shares of a par value of US$0.000000385 each issued and outstanding.
On March 8, 2024, the Company held an extraordinary general shareholder meeting (the “EGM”) and effected and amendment to its amended and restated memorandum and articles of association, under which the authorized share capital , which was US$100,100 divided into 260,000,000,000 ordinary shares, of a par value of US$0.000000385 each, was redesignated into (a) 259,950,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and (b) 50,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, among which the 21,395,400 authorized and issued and outstanding ordinary shares held by BIN XUE, GBUY GLOBAL LTD, and WEBUY TALENT LTD were re-designated and re-classified as 21,395,400 class B ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.000000385 each.
II-1
ITEM 8. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES.
(a) Exhibits
See Exhibit Index beginning on page II-5 of this registration statement.
(b) Financial Statement Schedules
Schedules have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes thereto.
ITEM 9. UNDERTAKINGS.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the provisions described in Item 6, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:
| (1) | For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant under Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective. |
| (2) | For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
| (3) | For the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use. |
| (4) | For the purpose of determining any liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
| (i) | Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
| (ii) | Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
| (iii) | The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
| (iv) | Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
II-2
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Singapore on April 29, 2024.
| WEBUY GLOBAL LTD | ||
| By: | /s/ Bin Xue | |
| Bin Xue | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Bin Xue as attorney-in-fact with full power of substitution, for him in any and all capacities, to do any and all acts and all things and to execute any and all instruments which said attorney and agent may deem necessary or desirable to enable the registrant to comply with the Securities Act, and any rules, regulations, and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, in connection with the registration under the Securities Act of the ordinary shares of the registrant, including, without limitation, the power and authority to sign the name of each of the undersigned in the capacities indicated below to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 (the “Registration Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to such Shares, to any and all amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement, whether such amendments or supplements are filed before or after the effective date of such Registration Statement, to any related Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and to any and all instruments or documents filed as part of or in connection with such Registration Statement or any and all amendments thereto, whether such amendments are filed before or after the effective date of such Registration Statement; and each of the undersigned hereby ratifies and confirms all that such attorney and agent shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
| /s/ Bin Xue | Chief Executive Officer and | April 29, 2024 | ||
| Name: Bin Xue | Chairman of the Board of Director | |||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||||
| /s/ Ai Lian Phang | Chief Financial Officer | April 29, 2024 | ||
| Name: Ai Lian Phang | (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer) | |||
| /s/ Michelle Ting Ting Tan | Director | April 29, 2024 | ||
| Name: Michelle Ting Ting Tan | ||||
| /s/ William Tat-Nin Chang | Independent Director | April 29, 2024 | ||
| Name: William Tat-Nin Chang | ||||
| /s/ Fangqin Lin | Independent Director | April 29, 2024 | ||
| Name: Fangqin Lin | ||||
| /s/ Lizhi Qiao | Independent Director | April 29, 2024 | ||
| Name: Lizhi Qiao |
II-3
SIGNATURE OF AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE UNITED STATES
Pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933 as amended, the undersigned, the duly authorized representative in the United States of America, has signed this registration statement thereto in New York, NY on April 29, 2024.
| By: | /s/ Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Name: | Colleen A. De Vries | |
| Title: | Senior Vice President |
II-4
EXHIBIT INDEX
| + | Filed herewith. |
| * | Previously filed. |
II-5