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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
The Company believes the following significant accounting policies, among others, affect its more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for annual financial information as established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) including modifications issued under Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Company’s subsidiaries, and investments in which the Company has a controlling interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest through majority ownership or voting rights and variable interest entities whereby the Company is the primary beneficiary. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, the Company considers whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether it is the primary beneficiary. In general, a VIE is a legal entity that (a) has equity investors that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entity to support its activities, (b) does not have equity investors with voting rights, or (c) has equity investors whose votes are disproportionate from their economics and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the investor with disproportionately fewer voting rights. The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE when it has (i) the power to direct the most significant activities impacting the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits significant to the VIE. As part of its VIE considerations, the Company considers any indirect interests and any applicable relationships, including related parties.
Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally considered voting interest entities (“VOEs”) and are evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest model. The Company consolidates VOEs when it controls the entity through a majority voting interest and there is no other interest holder that has substantive participating rights or the power to control through an agreement with other equity holders.
When the requirements for consolidation are not met and the Company has significant influence over the operations of the entity, the investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Equity method investments for which the Company has not elected a fair value option (“FVO”) are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s pro-rata share of net income, contributions and distributions. Equity method investments for which the Company has elected the FVO are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s pro-rata share of the changes in fair value.
The Company consolidates NLT OP under the VIE model and consolidates BORMW Quantum Shore JV LLC (“Quantum JV”) and MACOOH001 JV LLC (“MACOOH001 JV”) under the VOE model. The Company consolidates these entities as it has the ability to direct the most significant activities of the entities such as purchases, dispositions, financings, budgets, and overall operating plans.
For consolidated entities, the non-controlling partner’s share of the assets, liabilities, and operations of each entity is included in non-controlling interests as equity of the Company. The non-controlling partner’s interest is generally computed as the non-controlling interests’ ownership percentage. Any profits interest due to the other owner is reported within non-controlling interests.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect certain reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.
The Company believes the estimates and assumptions underlying its consolidated financial statements are reasonable and supportable based on the information available as of December 31, 2025. Inherent in such estimates and judgments relating to future cash flows, which include the Company’s interpretation of current economic indicators and market valuations, are assumptions about the Company’s strategic plans with regard to its operations. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.
Rental Revenue
The Company’s primary source of revenues is rental revenue, which is accounted for under the lease standard. Rental revenue primarily consists of fixed contractual base rent arising from tenant leases at our properties under operating leases or sales-type leases. Revenue under leases that are deemed probable of collection is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the related leases. The Company begins to recognize revenue upon the acquisition of the related property or when a tenant takes possession of the leased space. Base rent arising from tenant leases at our properties is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease, including any rent steps or abatement provisions. For leases that are deemed not probable of collection, revenue is recorded as the lesser of (i) the amount which would be recognized on a straight-line basis or (ii) cash that has been received from the tenant, with any tenant and deferred rent receivable balances charged as a direct write-off against rental revenue in the period of the change in the collectability determination. Our estimate of collectability includes, but is not limited to, factors such as the tenant’s payment history, financial condition, industry and geographic area. These estimates could differ materially from actual results.
Leases and Finance Receivables
Lessee
The Company accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC 842, Leases (“ASC 842”). We determine if an arrangement is a lease at contract inception. If there is an identified asset in the contract (either explicitly or implicitly) and the Company has control over its use, the contract is (or contains) a lease. Lease assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. Included in the lease liability are future lease payments that are fixed, in-substance fixed, or payments based on an index or rate known at the commencement date of the lease. Variable lease payments are recognized as lease expenses as incurred. The operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) asset also includes any lease payments made prior to commencement, initial direct costs incurred, lease incentives received and reflects the net favorable/unfavorable terms of the leases when compared with market terms (in the case of acquired leases). As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company is the lessee in three and one arrangements, respectively, and the arrangements do not require third-party lease payments. Accordingly, no lease liability has been recognized.
Lessor
The majority of the Company’s properties, consisting of land and buildings, are leased on a long-term triple-net basis with base terms typically ranging from 10 to 25 years with long-term renewal options, which provides that the tenants are responsible for the payment of most, if not all, property operating expenses during the lease term, including, but not limited to, property taxes, repairs and maintenance, insurance and capital expenditures. The Company records such expenses on a net basis. Some contracts may contain non-lease components (e.g., charges for management fees, common area maintenance, and reimbursement of third-party maintenance expenses) in addition to lease components (i.e., monthly rental charges). Services related to non-lease components are provided over the same period of time as, and billed in the same manner as, monthly rental charges. We do not segregate the lease components from the non-lease components when accounting for all asset classes. Since the lease component is the predominant component under each of these leases, combined revenues from both the lease and non-lease components are reported as rental revenues in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Refer to the section titled “Rental Revenue” for policies regarding the assessment of the collectability of rent payments from lessees.
A lease is classified as an operating lease if none of the following criteria are met: (i) ownership transfers to the lessee at the end of the lease term, (ii) the lessee has a purchase option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, (iii) the lease term is for a major part of the economic life of the leased property, (iv) the present value of the future lease payments and any residual value guaranteed by the lessee that is not already reflected in the lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased property, and (v) the leased property is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no future alternative use to the Company at the end of the lease term. If one or more of these criteria are met, the lease will generally be classified as a sales-type lease, unless the lease contains a residual value guarantee from a third party other than the lessee, in which case it would be classified as a direct financing lease under certain circumstances.
The Company executed several sale-leaseback transactions with third-party lessees in which the Company entered into contracts to acquire an asset and then subsequently leased the asset back to the seller. For these transactions, the Company must determine whether control of the asset has transferred to the Company. In instances in which it is determined that control has transferred, the leases from the sale-leaseback transaction are accounted for as operating leases. When sale-leaseback transactions are accounted for as operating leases, the Company evaluates whether an above- or below-market
lease exists. These amounts are then bifurcated on a stand-alone basis and accounted for as a loan receivable or prepaid rent liability. The Company did not recognize any net sale-leaseback gains during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023. In cases whereby it is determined control has not transferred to the Company, we do not recognize the underlying asset but instead recognize a financial asset in accordance with ASC 310 – Receivables (“ASC 310”). The accounting for the financing receivable under ASC 310 is materially consistent with the accounting for a net investment in sales-type lease under ASC 842. We generally invest in facilities that we believe are critical to a tenant’s business and therefore we expect to have a lower risk of tenant default. Interest income on Investment in leases - Financing receivables is recognized under the effective yield method and recorded as Income from investments in leases - Financing receivables. Generally, we would recognize interest income to the extent the tenant is not more than 90 days delinquent on their rental obligations. We have concluded certain leased properties are required to be accounted for as an Investment in leases - Financing receivables, net on our Consolidated Balance Sheet in accordance with ASC 310, since control of the underlying assets was not considered to have transferred to the Company under GAAP.
Investments in Real Estate
In accordance with the guidance for business combinations, the Company determines whether the acquisition of a property qualifies as a business combination, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business. If the property acquired does not constitute a business, the Company accounts for the transaction as an asset acquisition. The guidance for business combinations states that when substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets to be acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the asset or set of assets is not a business. All property acquisitions to date have been accounted for as asset acquisitions.
Whether the acquisition of a property acquired is considered a business combination or asset acquisition, the Company recognizes the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity. In addition, for transactions that are business combinations, the Company evaluates the existence of goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase. The Company expenses acquisition-related costs associated with business combinations as they are incurred. The Company capitalizes acquisition-related costs associated with asset acquisitions.
Upon acquisition of a property, the Company assesses the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings, tenant improvements, “above-market” and “below-market” leases, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities) and allocates the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. The Company assesses and considers fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount and/or capitalization rates that it deems appropriate, as well as other available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. Tangible assets include land and improvements, buildings, and construction in process. The Company records acquired above-market and below-market leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) the Company’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. The Company records acquired in-place lease values based on the Company’s evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, the Company includes real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, the Company considers leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
Intangible lease assets and intangible lease liabilities are recorded as Intangible assets, net and a component of Other liabilities, respectively, on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. The amortization of acquired above and below-market leases, and tenant lease inducements is recorded as an adjustment to Rental Revenue on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations. The amortization of in-place leases and other lease intangibles is recorded as an adjustment to Depreciation and amortization expense on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The cost of buildings and improvements includes the purchase price of the Company’s properties and any acquisition-related costs, along with any subsequent improvements to such properties. The Company’s investments in real estate are stated at cost and are generally depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining useful lives of the assets as follows:
Description Depreciable Life
Buildings
6 - 55 years
Land improvements
1 - 44 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment
5 years
In-place lease intangibles
9 - 24 years
Other lease intangibles (1)
Over lease term
(1)    Other lease intangibles primarily includes above and below market leases, tenant lease inducements, and lease commissions.

For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, depreciation expense was $96,231, $86,438, and $65,024 respectively.
Land acquired under build-to-suit arrangements in a sale-leaseback transaction is accounted for as an investment in loans receivable as the related lease is not deemed to have commenced until the constructed assets are substantially complete. These investments are included within Investments in real estate debt within the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Other tangible assets acquired under such arrangements are recorded as construction in progress upon acquisition as the Company controls the assets during construction.
Significant improvements to properties are capitalized. Repairs and maintenance are expensed to operations as incurred and are included in Rental property operating expenses on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations.
The Company capitalizes certain costs related to the development of real estate, including pre-construction costs, real estate taxes, insurance, construction costs, and salaries and related costs of personnel directly. Additionally, we capitalize interest costs related to development activities. Capitalization of these costs begins when the activities and related expenditures commence and cease when the project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use at which time the project is placed in service and depreciation commences. Interest costs capitalized for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, was approximately $1,328, $1,101, and $17,346 respectively. Additionally, we make estimates as to the probability of completion of development, and we expense all capitalized costs which are not recoverable.
When assets are sold or retired, their costs and related depreciation are removed from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets with the resulting gain and losses, if any, reflected in net income or loss for the period in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The Company reviews its real estate properties for impairment each quarter or when there is an event or change in circumstances that indicates an impaired value. If the GAAP depreciated cost basis of a real estate investment exceeds the undiscounted cash flows of such real estate investment, the investment is considered impaired and the GAAP depreciated cost basis is reduced to the fair value of the investment. The impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value. The evaluation of anticipated future cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. Since cash flows on real estate properties considered to be “long-lived assets to be held and used” are considered on an undiscounted basis to determine whether an asset has been impaired, the Company’s strategy of holding properties over the long-term directly decreases the likelihood of recording an impairment loss. If the Company’s strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, an impairment loss may be recognized and such loss could be material to the Company’s results. If the Company determines that an impairment has occurred, the affected assets must be reduced to their fair value.
The valuation and possible subsequent impairment of real estate properties is a significant estimate that can and does change based on the Company’s continuous process of analyzing each real estate property’s economic condition at a point in time and reviewing assumptions about uncertain inherent factors, including observable inputs such as contractual revenues and unobservable inputs such as forecasted revenues and expenses, estimated net disposition proceeds, and discount rates. These unobservable inputs are based on a real estate property’s market conditions and expected growth rates. It may be difficult to reflect fully and accurately rapidly changing market conditions or material events that may impact the value of our investments in real estate between valuations, or to obtain complete information regarding any such events in a timely manner. Changes in economic and operating conditions and the Company’s ultimate investment intent that occur subsequent to the impairment analyses could impact these assumptions and result in additional impairment of the real estate properties. The Company did not recognize any impairment charges during the year ended December 31, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized $24,053 of impairment charges related to two tenants, SQRL Holdings and HOF, due to the Company identifying triggering events related to the termination of the leases as a
result of non-payment of rent. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company recognized $9,033 of impairment charges related to one tenant, Mountain Express, for which leases were rejected by the presiding bankruptcy court in August 2023.
Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates, as this election aligns the accounting for GAAP and the calculation of monthly NAV for these investments. The Company therefore reports these investments at fair value in Investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates on the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in the fair value of equity method investments under the FVO are recorded as Income from unconsolidated real estate affiliates in the Consolidated Statement of Operations. Certain of the Company’s investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates include promote structures, put or call options, or other similar rights related to transfers of ownership interests to third parties. Accordingly, the actual returns realized may differ from the carrying value of these investments.
The Company evaluates its equity method investments on a periodic basis to determine if there are any indicators that the value of our equity investment may be impaired and whether or not that impairment is other-than-temporary. To the extent an impairment has occurred and is determined to be other-than-temporary, the Company measures the charge as the excess of the carrying value of our investment over its estimated fair value, which is determined by calculating our share of the estimated fair market value of the underlying net assets based on the terms of the applicable partnership or joint-venture agreement. For equity investments in entities that hold real estate, the estimated fair value of the underlying investment’s real estate is calculated based on whether the acquisition of a property qualifies as a business combination or an asset acquisition. The fair value of the underlying investment’s debt, if any, is calculated based on market interest rates and other market information. The fair value of the underlying investment’s other financial assets and liabilities have fair values that generally approximate their carrying values.
Distributions received from equity method investments are classified using the nature of distributions approach. Distributions received are classified based on the nature of the activity or activities that generated the distribution as a return on the investment, which are classified as cash inflows from operating activities, or a return of capital, which are classified as cash inflows from investing activities. Transaction costs associated with the equity method investments are expensed as incurred. Investments made for equity method investments are classified as cash outflows from investing activities in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Investments in Real Estate Debt
The Company’s investments in real estate debt primarily consists of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) and commercial real estate loans. The Company has elected to classify its certain of its CMBS investments as available for sale (“AFS”) and carry such investments at fair value, while certain other of its CMBS investments are classified as held to maturity and presented at amortized cost.
The Company elected the FVO for its investments in loans, as such election aligns the accounting for GAAP and the calculation of monthly NAV for these investments. As such, the resulting unrealized gains and losses of such securities are recorded as a component of Unrealized gain/(loss) on AFS investments in real estate debt on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
The Company uses the specific identification method to determine the cost basis of a debt security sold and to reclassify amounts from Company’s Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for such securities. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments are included within Other income (expense) in our Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Interest income from the Company’s investments in real estate debt is recognized over the life of each investment using the effective interest method and is recorded on the accrual basis. Recognition of premiums and discounts associated with these investments is deferred and recorded over the term of the investment as an adjustment to yield.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents represent cash held in banks and liquid investments. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities at date of purchase of three months or less to be cash equivalents, which are stated at cost and approximates fair value.
Restricted Cash
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the restricted cash balances of $48,521 and $50,069, respectively, primarily consist of loan proceeds held in escrow as construction in process reserves related to mortgages at certain of our properties.
Foreign Currency
In the normal course of business, the Company makes investments in real estate outside the U.S. through subsidiaries that have a non-U.S. dollar functional currency. Non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the reporting date and income, expenses, gains, and losses are translated at the average exchange rate over the applicable period. Cumulative translation adjustments arising from the translation of non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities are recorded within Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Organization and Offering Costs
Organization costs are expensed as incurred and recorded as a component of General and administrative expense on the Company’s Consolidated Statement of Operations and offering costs are charged to equity as such amounts are incurred.
The Adviser agreed to advance certain organization and offering costs on behalf of the Company (including legal, marketing, due diligence, administrative, accounting, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of our escrow agent and transfer agent, and other expenses attributable to the Company’s organization, but excluding ongoing servicing fees) through September 1, 2023. Such costs are recorded as a component of Due to affiliates on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet and are being reimbursed to the Adviser pro rata over 60 months as of September 1, 2023. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had accrued $7,060 and $9,677 of organization and offering costs, respectively, and reimbursed the Adviser $4,326 and $2,491, respectively, for organization and offering costs.
Blue Owl Securities LLC (the “Dealer Manager”), an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the dealer manager for the Private Offering. No upfront selling commission, dealer manager fees, or other similar placement fees (together, the “Upfront Sales Load”) will be paid to the Company or Dealer Manager with respect to the Class S shares. The Dealer Manager will not receive any Upfront Sales Load with respect to Class N, Class D or Class I shares. However, for Class S shares, Class N shares and/or Class D shares that are purchased through certain financial intermediaries, those financial intermediaries may directly charge transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, limited to a percent of the transaction price per share. Certain financial intermediaries may agree that the Dealer Manager will receive an Upfront Sales Load of up to 3.5% with respect to Class S shares sold through such intermediary. The Dealer Manager anticipates that all of or a portion of the applicable Upfront Sales Load received by the Dealer Manager will be reallowed (paid) in whole or in part to such financial intermediary or its affiliates. The Dealer Manager is entitled to receive a shareholder servicing fee of 0.85%, 0.50% and 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Company’s outstanding Class S shares, Class N shares, and Class D shares, respectively. There is no ongoing servicing fee for the Class I shares.
The following details the selling commissions, dealer manager fees, and shareholder servicing fees for each applicable share class as of December 31, 2025:
Class S
Class N
Class DClass I
Transaction fees (% of transaction price)
up to 3.50%
up to 2.00%
up to 1.50%
—%
Shareholder servicing fees (% of NAV)
0.85%
0.50%
0.25%
—%
Income Taxes
The Company operates in a manner to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the year ending December 31, 2022. As a REIT, the Company is entitled to a tax deduction for some or all of its dividends paid to shareholders. Accordingly, the Company generally will not be subject to federal income taxes as long as it currently distributes to shareholders an amount equal to or in excess of the Company’s taxable income. Under the Code, REITs are subject to numerous organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that they distribute each year at least 90% of their REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, without the benefit of certain relief provisions, the Company will be subject to federal and state income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Additionally, the Company would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which the Company ceased to qualify as a REIT. Even if the Company qualifies as a REIT for federal income tax
purposes, it may still be subject to state and local taxes on its income and assets and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income.
The Company operates its DST Program through a wholly owned taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). The TRS is subject to taxation at the federal, state and local levels, as applicable. Fees earned by the Company’s subsidiaries through the program are recorded in the TRS along with any corresponding expenses. The Company’s foreign subsidiaries are also subject to taxation at their respective foreign jurisdictions, as applicable.
We account for deferred income taxes using the asset and liability method and recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in our financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, we determine deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Any increase or decrease in the deferred tax liability that results from a change in circumstances, and that causes us to change our judgment about expected future tax consequences of events, is included in the tax provision when such changes occur. Deferred income taxes also reflect the impact of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. A valuation allowance is provided if we believe it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Any increase or decrease in the valuation allowance that results from a change in circumstances, and that causes us to change our judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset, is included in the tax provision when such changes occur. As of December 31, 2025, a valuation allowance of $1,640 is provided against deferred tax assets. As of December 31, 2024, no valuation allowance is provided against the deferred tax assets as we believe it is more-likely than-not that the Company will realize the benefits of these deductible differences.
We recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize interest and penalties, if applicable, related to uncertain tax positions as part of income tax benefit or expense in our Consolidated Statements of Income. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company did not record any adjustments related to its accounting for uncertain tax provisions.
Derivatives and Hedging Activities
The Company uses derivative financial instruments to limit cash flow variability caused by changes in interest rates, primarily on variable interest rate unsecured loans and loans secured by the Company’s real estate, and fixed rate investments in real estate debt where the Company is the lender, as well as the impact of foreign currency exchange rates on our foreign operations. We do not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet within Other assets and Other liabilities, as applicable.
The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative varies based on the intended use of the derivative, whether the election has been made to designate a derivative as a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the necessary criteria.
Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable and accrued expenses reasonably approximate fair value, in the Company’s judgment, because of their short-term nature.
In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, the Company defines fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer or settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy consists of the three broad levels described below:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.
Level 2 — Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, these values may differ materially from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these investments existed.
The Company has estimated the fair value of its financial instruments and non-financial assets using available market information and valuation methodologies we believe to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they are not necessarily indicative of amounts that would be realized upon disposition.
Valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value
Certain of the Company’s investments in real estate debt and FVO equity method investments are reported at fair value. As of December 31, 2025, the Company’s investments in real estate debt reported at fair value, directly or indirectly, consisted of CMBS, which are securities backed by one or more mortgage loans secured by real estate assets, as well as term, revolver, and mezzanine loans secured by real estate assets, presented as commercial real estate loans. The Company generally determines the fair value of its investments in real estate debt by utilizing third-party pricing service providers whenever available.
In determining the fair value of a particular investment, pricing service providers may use broker-dealer quotations, reported trades or valuation estimates from their internal pricing models to determine the reported price. The pricing service providers’ internal models for securities such as real estate debt generally consider the attributes applicable to a particular class of the security (e.g., credit rating, seniority), current market data, and estimated cash flows for each security, and incorporate specific collateral performance, as applicable. Certain of the Company’s investments in real estate debt are unlikely to have readily available market quotations. In such cases, the Company will generally determine the initial value based on the acquisition price of such investment if acquired by the Company or the par value of such investment if originated by the Company. Following the initial measurement, the Company will determine fair value by utilizing or reviewing certain of the following: (i) market yield data, (ii) discounted cash flow modeling, (iii) collateral asset performance, (iv) local or macro real estate performance, (v) capital market conditions, (vi) debt yield or loan-to-value ratios, and (vii) borrower financial condition and performance. Refer to Note 6 - Investments in Real Estate Debt for additional details on the Company’s investments in real estate debt.
The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates and therefore, reports these investments at fair value. The Company estimates the fair market value of these investments based on its pro rata share of the investments’ equity at fair value. The investments’ underlying real estate holdings, debt investments, and debt are valued on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). The fair value of the underlying real estate holdings is generally determined using the income capitalization valuation method. As of December 31, 2025, the weighted average capitalization rate utilized to value the underlying real estate held in unconsolidated joint ventures, excluding real estate under development, was 7.0%. The fair value of the underlying debt investments and debt is determined by discounting the future contractual cash flows to the present value using current market interest rates. As of December 31, 2025, the weighted average interest rate utilized to value the underlying debt investments was 6.6% and the weighted average interest rate utilized to value debt was 5.4%.
The Company’s derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value and consist of interest rate and foreign currency contracts. The calculation of the fair value of derivative instruments is complex and different inputs in the model can result in significant changes to the fair value of derivative instruments and the related gain or loss on derivative instruments included in our financial statements. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate and foreign currency contracts were estimated using advice from a third-party derivative specialist, based on cash flows and observable inputs consisting primarily of yield curves, foreign currency rates, and credit spreads (Level 2 inputs). Fair value information relating to derivative financial instruments is provided in Note 10 - Derivative Financial Instruments.
The Company has elected to account for the DST financing obligation arising from repurchase option on the sale of DST interests to third parties through the Company’s DST Program at fair value. The fair value of the Company’s DST Program obligation is determined based on changes in fair value of the underlying assets held by the DST interests as well as undistributed earnings related to DST interests owned by third parties.
The following table details the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates$— $3,801,703 $3,801,703 $— $1,742,086 $1,742,086 
Investments in real estate debt853,531 852,355 1,705,886 505,537 113,939 619,476 
Interest rate hedging derivatives (1)
725 — 725 13,546 — 13,546 
Foreign currency hedging derivatives (1)
8,174 — 8,174 3,661 — 3,661 
Total$862,430 $4,654,058 $5,516,488 $522,744 $1,856,025 $2,378,769 
Liabilities:
Interest rate hedging derivatives (2)
$10,572 $— $10,572 $1,922 $— $1,922 
Foreign currency hedging derivatives (2)
14,633 — 14,633 2,630 — 2,630 
DST financing obligation (2)
— 350,125 350,125 — 52,123 52,123 
Total$25,205 $350,125 $375,330 $4,552 $52,123 $56,675 
(1) Included within Other assets within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
(2) Included within Other liabilities within the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table details the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:
Investments in real estate debtInvestments in unconsolidated real estate affiliatesTotal AssetsDST Financing Obligation
Balance as of December 31, 2024$113,939 $1,742,086 $1,856,025 $52,123 
Purchases938,386 2,508,457 3,446,843 — 
Sales(211,380)(636,234)(847,614)— 
Distributions received— (362,102)(362,102)— 
Capitalized interest income3,786 — 3,786 — 
DST Program proceeds— — — 298,001 
Included in net income
Net gain on fair value of DST financing obligation— — — 
Gain on fair value of investments in real estate debt7,624 — 7,624 — 
Income from unconsolidated real estate affiliates at fair value— 549,496 549,496 — 
Balance as of December 31, 2025$852,355 $3,801,703 $4,654,058 $350,125 
Valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Certain of the Company’s assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments, such as when there is evidence of impairment, and therefore such assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company reviews its real estate properties for impairment each quarter and when there is an event or change in circumstances that could indicate the carrying amount of the real estate value may not be recoverable.
Valuation of liabilities not measured at fair value
As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the fair value of the Company’s unsecured term loan credit facility, unsecured revolving credit facility, mortgages payable, unsecured senior notes, and other borrowings was $1,136 above carrying value and $910 below carrying value, respectively. Fair value of the Company’s indebtedness is estimated by modeling the cash flows required by the Company’s debt agreements and discounting them back to the present value using an estimated market yield. Additionally, the Company considers current market rates and conditions by evaluating similar borrowing
agreements with comparable loan-to-value ratios and credit profiles. The inputs used in determining the fair value of the Company’s indebtedness are considered Level 3. Fair value information pertaining to debt is provided in Note 9 – Debt.
Allowance for credit losses
The Company analyzes its Investment in leases - Financing receivables, net, certain of its investments in real estate debt which are held-to-maturity and its investment in loans receivable, which are included within Investments in real estate debt in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets, for potential credit losses under the current expected credit losses (“CECL”) model. The allowance for credit losses is measured, considering the Company’s ownership of the leased asset, using a probability of default method based on the lessee’s and borrower’s respective credit ratings, the expected value related to releasing underlying assets or collateral, our historical loss experiences, and other factors related to other sale-leasebacks accounted for as financing receivables and our investments in real estate debt. Included in our model are factors that incorporate forward-looking information. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are subsequently included in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations within General and administrative expenses and as a reduction to Investment in leases - Financing receivables, net and Investments in real estate debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses of $22,515 and $22,934, respectively, related to its Investment in leases - Financing receivables, net. As of December 31, 2025, the Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses of $2,829 related to its investments in real estate debt designated as held-to-maturity. The Company did not record an allowance for credit losses related to its investments in real estate debt designated as held-to-maturity as of December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company has not recorded an allowance for credit losses related to its investments in loans receivable. Refer to Note 6 - Investments in Real Estate Debt.
Deferred Financing Fees
In accordance with ASC 835, Interest, the Company defers fees and direct costs incurred to obtain financing. Deferred financing costs include legal, structuring and other loan costs incurred by the Company and are amortized to expense using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the term of the loan to which they apply. Unamortized deferred financing costs are charged to interest expense when the related financing is repaid prior to its scheduled maturity date.
Earnings Per Share
Basic net income per common share is determined by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. All classes of common shares are allocated net income/(loss) at the same rate per share and receive the same gross distribution per share.
The impact of vested restricted stock grants of Class I shares held by our directors is included in our calculation of basic earnings per share. Redeemable Class I shares issued to the Adviser as payment for management fees and interest on the affiliate line of credit and incentive compensation awards of OP Units to certain employees of the Adviser are included in our calculation of diluted earnings per share.
Share-Based Compensation
We compensate each of our non-employee trustees on the Board of Trustees who are not affiliated with Blue Owl with an annual retainer of restricted Class I shares as part of their compensation for services on the Board of Trustees. See Note 14 - Equity and Non-Controlling Interest for additional information regarding share-based compensation. We recognize compensation expense related to share-based awards to our independent trustees in our consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, Business Combinations (Topic 805), Joint Venture Formations, under which an entity that qualifies as a joint venture is required to apply a new basis of accounting upon the formation of the joint venture. The amendments in ASU 2023-05 require that a joint venture must initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value on the formation date. ASU 2023-05 is effective for all joint ventures that are formed on or after January 1, 2025 and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-05 as of January 1, 2025 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated results of operations or financial position.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires the disclosure of tax rate reconciliations, amount of income taxes separate by federal and individual jurisdiction, and the amount of income (loss) from operations before income tax expense (benefit) disaggregated
between federal, state and foreign. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 apply to all entities subject to Topic 740. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Entities may elect to apply the amendments either prospectively or retrospectively. Early adoption is permitted. Entities may elect to apply the amendments either prospectively or retrospectively. As of December 31, 2025, the Company adopted ASU 2023-09 on a prospective basis. The Company concluded that its reconciling items for individual jurisdictions and other disaggregation are immaterial, and therefore, the amendments requiring further disaggregation do not have an impact on the Company's disclosures. Refer to Note 18 - Income Taxes.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards and pronouncements issued by the FASB. Accounting standards and pronouncements not yet adopted were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (Subtopic 220-40), which requires disaggregated disclosure of income statement expenses for public business entities (“PBEs”). The ASU does not change the expense caption an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. The amendments in ASU 2024-03 apply to all PBEs, including entities that file or furnish financial statements with the SEC, inclusive of brokers and dealers in securities and voluntary filers. The ASU should be adopted prospectively, however, retrospective adoption is permitted. In January 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-01, Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which clarified the effective date of ASU 2024-03. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods with annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. Entities may elect to apply the amendments either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the standard on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.
In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03 Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (810): Determining the Accounting Acquired in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity, which revises guidance in ASC 805 on identifying the accounting acquired in a business combination in which the legal acquiree is a variable interest entity (VIE). The ASU is intended to improve comparability between business combinations that involve VIEs and those that do not. Under ASU 2025-03, a reporting entity involved in a business combination effected primarily by the exchange of equity interests must consider the factors in ASC 805-10-55-12 through 55-15 to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer regardless of whether the legal acquiree is a VIE. More specifically, when considering those factors, the reporting entity can determine that a transaction in which the legal acquiree is a VIE represents a reverse acquisition (in which the legal acquirer is identified as the acquiree for accounting purposes). As a result, comparability is increased with business combinations in which the legal acquiree is a VOE. ASU 2025-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in ASU 2025-03 must be applied prospectively to any business combination that occurs after the adoption date. The Company is currently assessing the impact of adopting the standard on the Company’s financial statement disclosures.