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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and EstimatesThe Company believes the following significant accounting policies, among others, affect its more significant estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information as established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) including modifications issued under Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”). The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company, the Company’s subsidiaries, and investments in which the Company has a controlling interest. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2022, contained in our Registration Statement on Form 10 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on April 5, 2023, as amended.
Principles of Consolidation
The Company consolidates all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest through majority ownership or voting rights and variable interest entities whereby the Company is the primary beneficiary. In determining whether the Company has a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, the Company considers whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether it is the primary beneficiary. The Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE when it has (i) the power to direct the most significant activities impacting the economic performance of the VIE and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits significant to the VIE. Entities that do not qualify as VIEs are generally considered voting interest entities (“VOEs”) and are evaluated for consolidation under the voting interest model. VOEs are consolidated when the Company controls the entity through a majority voting interest or other means.
When the requirements for consolidation are not met and the Company has significant influence over the operations of the entity, the investment is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Equity method investments for which the Company has not elected a fair value option are initially recorded at cost and subsequently adjusted for the Company’s pro-rata share of net income, contributions and distributions. Equity method investments for which the Company has elected a fair value option (“FVO”) are initially recorded at fair value and subsequently the changes in fair value are reported in earnings.
The NLT OP is considered to be a VIE. The Company consolidates this entity as it has the ability to direct the most significant activities of the entity such as purchases, dispositions, financings, budgets, and overall operating plans.
For consolidated entities, the non-controlling partner’s share of the assets, liabilities, and operations of each entity is included in non-controlling interests as equity of the Company. The non-controlling partner’s interest is generally computed as the non-controlling interests’ ownership percentage. Any profits interest due to the other owner is reported within non-controlling interests.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may ultimately differ materially from those estimates.
Rental Revenue
The Company’s primary source of revenues is rental revenue, which is accounted for under the lease standard. Rental revenue primarily consists of fixed contractual base rent arising from tenant leases at our properties under operating leases or sales-type leases. Revenue under leases that are deemed probable of collection is recognized as revenue on a straight-line basis over the non-cancelable term of the related leases. The Company begins to recognize revenue upon the acquisition of the related property or when a tenant takes possession of the leased space. Base rent arising from tenant leases at our properties is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease, including any rent steps or abatement provisions. For leases that are deemed not probable of collection, revenue is recorded as the lesser of (i) the amount which would be recognized on a straight-line basis or (ii) cash that has been received from the tenant, with any tenant and deferred rent receivable balances charged as a direct write-off against rental revenue in the period of the change in the collectability determination. Our estimate of collectability includes, but is not limited to, factors such as the tenant’s payment history, financial condition, industry and geographic area. These estimates could differ materially from actual results.
Investments in Unconsolidated Real Estate Affiliates
The Company evaluates its equity method investments on a periodic basis to determine if there are any indicators that the value of our equity investment may be impaired and whether or not that impairment is other-than-temporary. To the extent an impairment has occurred and is determined to be other-than-temporary, the Company measures the charge as the excess of the carrying value of our investment over its estimated fair value, which is determined by calculating our share of the estimated fair market value of the underlying net assets based on the terms of the applicable partnership or joint-venture agreement. For equity investments in entities that hold real estate, the estimated fair value of the underlying investment’s real estate is calculated based on whether the acquisition of a property qualifies as a business combination or an asset acquisition. The fair value of the underlying investment’s debt, if any, is calculated based on market interest rates and other market information. The fair value of the underlying investment’s other financial assets and liabilities have fair values that generally approximate their carrying values.
The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates and therefore reports these investments at fair value in Investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Changes in the fair value of equity method investments under the FVO are recorded as Income from unconsolidated real estate affiliates in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.
Distributions received from equity method investments are classified using the cumulative earnings approach. In general, distributions received are considered returns on the investment and classified as cash inflows from operating activities. Transaction costs associated with the equity method investments are expensed as incurred. Investments made, including the transaction costs, for equity method investments are classified as cash outflows from investing activities in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Foreign Currency
In the normal course of business, the Company makes investments in real estate outside the United States (“U.S.”) through subsidiaries that have a non-U.S. dollar functional currency. Non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities of these foreign subsidiaries are translated to U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rate at the reporting date and income, expenses, gains, and losses are translated at the average exchange rate over the applicable period. Cumulative translation adjustments arising from the translation of non-U.S. dollar denominated assets and liabilities are recorded in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Fair Value Measurements
The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents and accounts payable and accrued expenses reasonably approximate fair value, in the Company’s judgment, because of their short-term nature.
In accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, the Company defines fair value based on the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or the exit price that would be paid to transfer or settle a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes observable and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value. The fair value hierarchy consists of the three broad levels described below:
Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the entity has the ability to access.
Level 2 — Observable inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities. This includes certain pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques that use significant unobservable inputs.
The Company has estimated the fair value of its financial instruments and non-financial assets using available market information and valuation methodologies we believe to be appropriate for these purposes. Considerable judgment and a high degree of subjectivity are involved in developing these estimates and, accordingly, they are not necessarily indicative of amounts that would be realized upon disposition.
Valuation of assets and liabilities measured at fair value
The Company’s investments in real estate debt and FVO equity method investments are reported at fair value. As of June 30, 2023, the Company’s investments in real estate debt, directly or indirectly, consisted of commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), which are securities backed by one or more mortgage loans secured by real estate assets, as well as a commercial real estate loan. The Company generally determines the fair value of its investments in real estate debt by utilizing third-party pricing service providers whenever available.
In determining the fair value of a particular investment, pricing service providers may use broker-dealer quotations, reported trades or valuation estimates from their internal pricing models to determine the reported price. The pricing service providers’ internal models for securities such as real estate debt generally consider the attributes applicable to a particular class of the security (e.g., credit rating, seniority), current market data, and estimated cash flows for each security, and incorporate specific collateral performance, as applicable. Certain of the Company’s investments in real estate debt are unlikely to have readily available market quotations. In such cases, the Company will generally determine the initial value based on the acquisition price of such investment if acquired by the Company or the par value of such investment if originated by the Company. Following the initial measurement, the Company will determine fair value by utilizing or reviewing certain of the following: (i) market yield data, (ii) discounted cash flow modeling, (iii) collateral asset performance, (iv) local or macro real estate performance, (v) capital market conditions, (vi) debt yield or loan-to-value ratios, and (vii) borrower financial condition and performance. Refer to Note 5 for additional details on the Company’s investments in real estate debt.
The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates and therefore, reports these investments at fair value. The Company estimates fair market value of these investments on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3 inputs). The Company’s derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value and consist of interest rate contracts. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate contracts were estimated using advice from a third-party derivative specialist, based on cash flows and observable inputs comprising of yield curves and credit spreads (Level 2 inputs). Fair value information relating to derivative financial instruments is provided in Note 8 - Derivative Financial Instruments.
The following table details the Company’s assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
June 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 2Level 3Total
Assets:
Investments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates$— $377,974 $377,974 $— $— $— 
Investments in real estate debt9,768 50,000 59,768 23,816 50,000 73,816 
Derivatives20,403 — 20,403 11,766 — 11,766 
Total$30,171 $427,974 $458,145 $35,582 $50,000 $85,582 
The following table details the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs:
Investments in real estate debtInvestments in unconsolidated real estate affiliates
Balance as of December 31, 2022$50,000 $— 
Purchases— 366,216 
Sales— — 
Distributions received— (4,928)
Income from unconsolidated real estate affiliates measured at fair value— 16,686 
Balance as of June 30, 2023$50,000 $377,974 
The commercial real estate loan is categorized in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As of June 30, 2023, the change in value of the investment is immaterial.
Valuation of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
Certain of the Company’s assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments, such as when there is evidence of impairment, and therefore such assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. The Company reviews its real estate properties for impairment each quarter and when there is an event or change in circumstances that could indicate the carrying amount of the real estate value may not be recoverable.
Valuation of liabilities not measured at fair value
As of June 30, 2023, the fair value of the Company’s unsecured term loan credit facility, unsecured revolving credit facility, and mortgages payable was $2,531 below carrying value. Fair value of the Company’s indebtedness is estimated by modeling the cash flows required by the Company’s debt agreements and discounting them back to the present value using an estimated market yield. Additionally, the Company considers current market rates and conditions by evaluating similar borrowing agreements with comparable loan-to-value ratios and credit profiles. The inputs used in determining the fair value of the Company’s indebtedness are considered Level 3. Fair value information pertaining to debt is provided in Note 7 – Debt.
Allowance for credit losses
The allowance for credit losses, which is recorded as a reduction to Investment in leases - financing receivables, net on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet was measured, considering the Company’s ownership of the leased asset given the nature of failed sales leaseback transaction accounted for as financing receivables, using a probability of default method based on the lessee’s respective credit ratings, the expected value related to releasing underlying assets or collateral, our historical loss experiences, and other factors related to other sales leasebacks accounted for as financing receivables. Included in our model are factors that incorporate forward-looking information. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are subsequently included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations within General and administrative expenses. As of June 30, 2023, the Company has recorded an allowance for credit losses of $7,973.
Earnings Per Share
Basic net income per common share is determined by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. All classes of common shares are allocated net income/(loss) at the same rate per share and receive the same gross distribution per share.
Share-Based Compensation
We compensate each of our non-employee trustees on the Board who are not affiliated with Blue Owl with an annual retainer of restricted Class I shares as part of their compensation for services on the Board. See Note 11 - Equity and Redeemable Non-controlling Interest for additional information regarding share-based compensation. We recognize compensation expense related to share-based awards to our independent trustees in our condensed consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326). Topic 326 replaces the “incurred loss” model with an “expected loss” model, resulting in the earlier recognition of credit losses even if the risk of loss is remote. This standard applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including loans receivable and net investments in direct financing leases. This standard does not apply to receivables arising from operating leases, which are within the scope of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842).
The Company adopted Topic 326 on January 1, 2023 using the modified retrospective method, which requires applying changes in loss reserves through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a reserve of $7,157, which is reflected as a cumulative net decrease in accumulated earnings (deficit) and cumulative distributions and non-controlling interests within our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity.
In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020-04”). ASU 2020-04 provides relief that, if elected, will provide less accounting analysis and less accounting recognition for modifications related to reference rate reform. ASU
2020-04 was available to be adopted upon issuance. The relief provided by ASU 2020-04 is considered temporary in nature and has been deferred until December 31, 2024 by ASU 2022-06. This is meant to coincide with the period that global financial markets transition away from reference rates that will cease to exist, as the LIBOR is expected to be phased out by the end of 2024. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope (“ASU 2021-01”). ASU 2021-01 clarifies that the practical expedients in ASU 2020-04 apply to derivatives impacted by changes in the interest rate used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment. During the six-months ended June 30, 2023, the Company elected the practical expedient provided under ASU 2020-04 and modified certain of its mortgages and derivative agreements that had terms based on LIBOR to utilize SOFR as the replacement reference rate for LIBOR. As of June 30, 2023, this reference rate transition only impacted our mortgages, as described in Note 7 – Debt. The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
The Company considers the applicability and impact of all accounting standards and pronouncements issued by the FASB. Other than disclosed below, accounting standards and pronouncements not yet adopted were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and cash flows.