0001104659-23-059885.txt : 20230512 0001104659-23-059885.hdr.sgml : 20230512 20230512172355 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001104659-23-059885 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: S-11 PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 33 FILED AS OF DATE: 20230512 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20230512 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001942722 STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798] IRS NUMBER: 000000000 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: S-11 SEC ACT: 1933 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 333-271906 FILM NUMBER: 23917137 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: 399 PARK AVENUE STREET 2: 18TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10022 BUSINESS PHONE: 2123597800 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: 399 PARK AVENUE STREET 2: 18TH FLOOR CITY: NEW YORK STATE: NY ZIP: 10022 FORMER COMPANY: FORMER CONFORMED NAME: BentallGreenOak Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. DATE OF NAME CHANGE: 20220812 S-11 1 tm2226053-11_s11.htm S-11 tm2226053-11_s11 - none - 43.8908592s
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on May 12, 2023.
Registration No. 333-    ​
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Form S-11
FOR REGISTRATION
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
OF SECURITIES OF CERTAIN
REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
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BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Governing Instruments)
399 Park Avenue
18th Floor
New York, New York 10022
(212) 359-7800
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)​
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BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership
Michael Glimcher
399 Park Avenue
18th Floor
New York, New York 10022
(212) 359-7800
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)​
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With copies to:
Rajib Chanda
Ryan Bekkerus
Daniel B. Honeycutt
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
900 G Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20001
(202) 636-5500
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) check the following box.   ☒
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ☐
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ☐
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box.   ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
​ Large accelerated filer ​ ​ ☐ ​ ​ Accelerated filer ​ ​ ☐ ​
​ Non-accelerated filer ​ ​ ☒ ​ ​ Smaller reporting company ​ ​ ☒ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Emerging growth company ​ ​ ☒ ​
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.   ☒
The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment that specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the SEC, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
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The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and various states is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED MAY 12, 2023
[MISSING IMAGE: lg_bentallgreenoak-4c.jpg]
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Maximum Offering of $5,000,000,000
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BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. is a newly organized corporation formed to be a pure-play industrial real estate investment trust (“REIT”) through investing primarily in stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties primarily located in the United States. To a lesser extent, we will also invest in real estate-related assets, including real estate debt and real estate-related securities. We are externally managed by our adviser, BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership (the “Adviser”). BGO is a leading, global real estate investment management advisor and a recognized provider of real estate services, with a long-standing track record in the investment and asset management of industrial, office, retail and multi-family property globally. Our objective is to bring the Adviser’s leading institutional-quality real estate investment platform to income-focused investors. We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We are not a mutual fund and do not intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Investment Company Act”).
We are offering on a continuous basis up to $5,000,000,000 in shares of common stock, consisting of up to $4,000,000,000 in shares in our primary offering and up to $1,000,000,000 in shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We are offering to sell any combination of four classes of shares of our common stock, Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares, with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. The share classes have different upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, and different ongoing stockholder servicing fees. In connection with the commencement of this offering, and pursuant to the terms of the Contribution Agreement (as defined below), Sun Life (U.S.) HoldCo 2020, Inc. (“Sun Life”), an affiliate of Sun Life Financial Inc., is expected to contribute its 56.5% interest in a joint venture (the “Seed Joint Venture”) that indirectly owns a portfolio of industrial assets (the “Seed Portfolio”) to us in exchange for 13,000,000 Class E units of the Operating Partnership (as defined below) at a price per unit equal to $10.00 (the “Seed JV Acquisition”). The purchase price of the Seed Joint Venture will be equal to $130 million, which represents the aggregate capital contributions made by Sun Life in respect of the Seed Joint Venture. As of March 31, 2023, the estimated gross asset value of the Seed Portfolio was approximately $948 million (inclusive of cash on hand and the value of certain debt). Following the Seed JV Acquisition, our 56.5% interest in the Seed Joint Venture is expected to represent an indirect 34.2% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio. We will not commence this offering until we have completed the Seed JV Acquisition.
The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined net asset value (“NAV”) per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, the purchase price per share for each class of our common stock will vary and will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such class, as determined monthly, plus any applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. We may offer shares at a price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of such stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month. This is a “best efforts” offering, which means that BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC, the dealer manager for this offering (the “Dealer Manager”), will use its best efforts to sell shares, but is not obligated to purchase or sell any specific amount of shares in this offering; however, there is no escrow arrangement or minimum offering amount.
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This investment involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford the complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 36 for risks to consider before buying our shares, including:
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We have no operating history and there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment objectives.
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This is a “blind pool” offering. Other than the Seed Joint Venture, you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our future investments before we make them.
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Since there is no public trading market for shares of our common stock, repurchase of shares by us will likely be the only way to dispose of your shares. Our share repurchase plan will provide stockholders with the opportunity to request that we repurchase their shares on a monthly basis, but we are not obligated to repurchase any shares and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular month in our discretion. In addition, repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions. Further, our board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend for any period of time or indefinitely our share repurchase plan if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders, such as when repurchase requests would place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on us that would outweigh the benefit of repurchasing our shares. Upon suspension of our share repurchase plan, our share repurchase plan requires our board of directors to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the plan is in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders; however, we are not required to authorize the recommencement of the share repurchase plan within any specified period of time. Our board of directors cannot terminate (but may suspend) our share repurchase plan absent a liquidity event which results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. As a result, our shares should be considered as having only limited liquidity and at times may be illiquid.
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We are a perpetual-life REIT. While we may consider a liquidity event at any time in the future, we are not obligated by our charter or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time.
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We cannot guarantee that we will make distributions, and if we do, we may fund such distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of or repayments under our assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering net proceeds. We have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources.
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The purchase price and repurchase price for shares of our common stock will generally be based on our prior month’s NAV (subject to material changes as described above) and are not based on any public trading market. While there will be independent annual appraisals of our properties, the appraisal of properties is inherently subjective, and our NAV may not accurately reflect the actual price at which our properties could be liquidated on any given day.
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We have no employees and are dependent on the Adviser to conduct our operations. The Adviser will face conflicts of interest as a result of, among other things, the allocation of investment opportunities among us and Other BGO Accounts (as defined herein), the allocation of time of its investment professionals and the substantial fees that we will pay to the Adviser.
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This is a “best efforts” offering. If we are not able to raise a substantial amount of capital in the near term, our ability to achieve our investment objectives could be adversely affected.
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On acquiring shares, you will experience immediate dilution in the net tangible book value of your investment.
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There are limits on the ownership and transferability of our shares. See “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
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If we fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and no relief provisions apply, our NAV and cash available for distribution to our stockholders could materially decrease.
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We do not own the BGO name, but we are permitted to use it as part of our corporate name pursuant to the advisory agreement between us and the Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”). Use of the name by other parties or the termination of our right to use the name may harm our business.
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Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any other state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Securities regulators have not passed upon whether this offering can be sold in compliance with existing or future suitability or conduct standards, including the “Regulation Best Interest” standard, to any or all purchasers.
The use of forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any oral or written predictions about the amount or certainty of any cash benefits or tax consequences that may result from an investment in our common stock is prohibited. No one is authorized to make any statements about this offering inconsistent with those that appear in this prospectus.
It is our intent to conduct a continuous offering for an indefinite period of time, by filing for additional offerings of our shares of common stock, subject to regulatory approval and continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws. This offering will terminate prior to the third anniversary of the date that the SEC initially declares this registration statement effective, unless extended in accordance with applicable SEC rules or earlier terminated in our discretion. We will endeavor to take all reasonable actions to avoid interruptions in the continuous offering of our shares of common stock.
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Price to the Public(1)
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Upfront Selling
Commissions(2)
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Dealer Manager
Fees(2)
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Us, Before Expenses(3)
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Maximum Offering(4)
​ ​ ​ $ 4,000,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 77,580,257 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 4,830,918 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 3,917,588,825 ​ ​
Class T Shares, per Share
​ ​ ​ $ 10.35 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0.30 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0.05 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 10.00 ​ ​
Class S Shares, per Share
​ ​ ​ $ 10.35 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0.35 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 10.00 ​ ​
Class D Shares, per Share
​ ​ ​ $ 10.15 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0.15 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 10.00 ​ ​
Class I Shares, per Share
​ ​ ​ $ 10.00 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 10.00 ​ ​
Maximum Distribution Reinvestment Plan
​ ​ ​ $ 1,000,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 1,000,000,000 ​ ​
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(1)
The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The price per share shown above for each of our classes of common stock assumes that the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit is $10.00, the per unit price at which we will issue units to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition. Shares of each class will be issued on a monthly basis at a price per share generally equal to the prior month’s NAV per share for such class, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The “transaction price” is the then-current offering price per share before applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees.
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(2)
The table assumes that all shares are sold in the primary offering, with 25% of the gross offering proceeds from the sale of each of our Class T, Class S, Class D, and Class I shares. The number of shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from this assumption. For Class T shares sold in the primary offering, investors will pay upfront selling commissions of up to 3.0% of the transaction price and upfront dealer manager fees of up to 0.5% of the transaction price, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers, provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price. For Class S shares sold in the primary offering, investors will pay upfront selling commissions of up to 3.5% of the transaction price and no dealer manager fees. For Class D shares sold in the primary offering, investors will pay upfront selling commissions of up to 1.5% of the transaction price and no dealer manager fees. For Class I shares sold in the primary offering, investors will not pay upfront selling commissions or dealer manager fees. We will also pay the following selling commissions over time as stockholder servicing fees to the Dealer Manager, subject to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class T shares only, an investment professional stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV for the Class T shares, however, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the investment professional stockholder servicing fee and the dealer stockholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares, (b) for Class S shares only, a stockholder servicing fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class S shares and (c) for Class D shares only, a stockholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. No stockholder servicing fees will be paid with respect to the Class I shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will also pay or reimburse certain organization and offering expenses, including, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, certain wholesaling expenses. See “Plan of Distribution,” “Estimated Use of Proceeds” and “Compensation.”
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(3)
Proceeds are calculated before deducting stockholder servicing fees or organization and offering expenses payable by us, which are paid over time.
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(4)
We reserve the right to reallocate shares of common stock between our distribution reinvestment plan and our primary offering.
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The date of this prospectus is                 , 2023

 
SUITABILITY STANDARDS
Shares of our common stock are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means who do not need near-term liquidity from their investment. We do not expect there to be a public market for our shares and thus it may be difficult for you to sell your shares. On a limited basis, you may be able to have your shares repurchased through our share repurchase plan, although we are not obligated to repurchase any shares and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular month in our discretion. You should not purchase shares of our common stock if you need to sell them in the near future. The minimum initial investment in shares of our common stock that we will accept for Class T shares, Class S shares or Class D shares is $2,500 and the minimum subsequent investment (other than investments made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan) is $500 per transaction. The minimum initial investment in shares of our Class I common stock is $1,000,000 and the minimum subsequent investment (other than investments made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan) is $500 per transaction, unless waived by us.
In consideration of these factors, we require that a purchaser of shares of our common stock have either:
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A net worth of at least $250,000; or
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A gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000.
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For purposes of determining whether you satisfy the standards above, your net worth is calculated excluding the value of your home, home furnishings and automobiles. For the purposes of these suitability standards, unless otherwise indicated, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable investments.
Certain states have established suitability standards in addition to the minimum income and net worth standards described above. Shares will be sold to investors in these states only if they meet the additional suitability standards set forth below. Certain broker-dealers selling shares in this offering may impose greater suitability standards than the minimum income and net worth standards described above and the state-specific suitability standards described below.
Alabama Investors.   Investors residing in Alabama may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and in the securities of other public, non-listed REITs sponsored by BGO.
California Investors.   Investors residing in California who are not “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in this offering.
Idaho Investors.   Investors residing in Idaho must have either (a) a net worth of $85,000 and annual gross income of $85,000 or (b) a liquid net worth of $300,000. In addition, investors residing in Idaho may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in shares of our common stock.
Iowa Investors.   Investors residing in Iowa must have either (a) an annual gross income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000, or (b) a liquid net worth of at least $350,000. In addition, investors residing in Iowa who are not “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in shares of our common stock and the common stock of other public, non-listed REITs.
Kansas Investors.   It is recommended by the Office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors limit their aggregate investment in shares of our common stock and the common stock of other public, non-listed REITs to not more than 10% of their liquid net worth. Liquid net worth will be defined as that portion of the investor’s total net worth that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents, and readily marketable securities, as determined in conformity with GAAP.
Kentucky Investors.   Investors residing in Kentucky may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us or in other public, non-listed REITs affiliated with us.
Maine Investors.   The Maine Office of Securities recommends that an investor’s aggregate investment in this offering and other similar direct participation investments not exceed 10% of the investor’s liquid net
 
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worth. For this purpose, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Massachusetts Investors.   Investors residing in Massachusetts must limit their aggregate investment in shares of our common stock and the common stock of other illiquid direct participation programs to not more than 10% of their liquid net worth.
Missouri Investors.   Investors residing in Missouri may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this offering.
Nebraska Investors.   Investors residing in Nebraska who are not “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act must limit their aggregate investment in this offering and in the securities of other public, non-listed REITs to 10% of such investor’s net worth.
New Jersey Investors.   New Jersey investors must have either (a) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $100,000 and a minimum annual gross income of not less than $85,000, or (b) a minimum liquid net worth of $350,000. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles, minus total liability) that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. In addition, a New Jersey investor’s investment in us, our affiliates and other non-publicly traded direct investment programs (including REITs, business development companies, oil and gas programs, equipment leasing programs and commodity pools, but excluding unregistered, federally and state exempt private offerings) may not exceed ten percent (10%) of his or her liquid net worth.
New Mexico Investors.   Investors residing in New Mexico may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in shares of our common stock and the common stock of other public, non-listed REITs.
North Dakota Investors.   Investors residing in North Dakota who are not “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act must have a net worth of at least ten times their investment in our common stock.
Ohio Investors.   Investors residing in Ohio may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in shares of our common stock and the common stock of other public, non-listed REITs.
Oregon Investors.   Investors residing in Oregon may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this offering.
Pennsylvania Investors.   Investors residing in Pennsylvania may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in shares of our common stock. In addition, because there is no minimum offering, you are cautioned to carefully evaluate our ability to fully accomplish our stated objectives, and to inquire as to the current dollar value of our subscriptions and assets.
Puerto Rico Investors.   Investors residing in Puerto Rico may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us, and other public, non-listed REITs. For purposes of Puerto Rico’s suitability standard, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings, and automobiles minus total liabilities) consisting of cash, cash equivalents, and readily marketable securities.
Tennessee Investors.   Investors residing in Tennessee who are not “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in our common stock.
Vermont Investors.   Investors residing in Vermont who are not “accredited investors” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act may not purchase an amount of shares in this offering that exceeds 10% of their liquid net worth.
The SEC’s Regulation Best Interest establishes a standard of conduct for broker-dealers and their associated persons when making a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. A retail customer is any natural person, or the legal representative of such person, who receives a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving
 
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securities from a broker-dealer and uses the recommendation primarily for personal, family, or household purposes. When making such a recommendation, a broker-dealer and its associated persons must act in such customer’s best interest at the time the recommendation is made, without placing their financial or other interest ahead of the retail customer’s interests, and should consider reasonable alternatives in determining whether the broker-dealer and its associated persons have a reasonable basis for making the recommendation. You should ask your broker-dealer or other financial professional about what reasonable alternatives exist for you, and how our offering compares to other types of investments (e.g., listed entities) that may have lower costs, complexities, or risks, and that may be available for lower or no commissions. This standard is different, and may be more restrictive, than the quantitative suitability standards we require for an investment in our shares and enhances the broker-dealer standard of conduct beyond previously existing suitability obligations. Investments such as our common stock may be subject to greater scrutiny under Regulation Best Interest than under the prior suitability obligation. Regulation Best Interest became effective on June 30, 2020, and because no administrative or case law exists regarding the interpretation of its requirements, the full scope of its impact to sales of our shares remains uncertain and subject to evolving regulatory guidance.
Under SEC rules, the broker-dealer must meet four component obligations:
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Disclosure Obligation:   The broker-dealer must provide certain required disclosures before or at the time of the recommendation about the recommendation and the relationship between the broker-dealer and its retail customer. The disclosure generally includes a customer relationship summary on Form CRS, which is intended to summarize key information for you about the participating broker-dealer and your relationship with that broker-dealer. The broker-dealer’s disclosures to you, including those made through their Form CRS, are different and separate from the disclosures we provide to investors in this prospectus, which contains information regarding this offering and our company.
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Care Obligation:   The broker-dealer must exercise reasonable diligence, care, and skill in making the recommendation.
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Conflict of Interest Obligation:   The broker-dealer must establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to address conflicts of interest.
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Compliance Obligation:   The broker-dealer must establish, maintain, and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to achieve compliance with Regulation Best Interest.
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Consistent with the foregoing obligations, each participating broker-dealer and other persons selling shares on our behalf directly to an investor must also, under other applicable regulatory standards, make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares of our common stock is a suitable and appropriate investment for each investor. In making this determination, participating broker-dealers and other persons will rely upon information provided by the investor to the participating broker-dealer or other person as well as the suitability assessment made by each participating broker-dealer or other person. Before you purchase shares of our common stock, your participating broker-dealer, authorized representative or other person placing an order for shares on your behalf will rely on relevant information provided by you to determine that you:
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Meet the minimum income and net worth standards established in your state;
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Are in a financial position appropriate to enable you to realize the potential benefits described in the prospectus; and
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Are able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on your overall financial situation.
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Participating broker-dealers are required to maintain for six years records of the information used to determine that an investment in shares of our common stock is suitable and appropriate for a stockholder.
By signing the subscription agreement required for purchases of our common stock, you represent and warrant to us that you have received a copy of this prospectus and that you meet the net worth and annual gross income requirements described above. By making these representations, you do not waive any rights that you may have under federal or state securities laws.
 
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
Please carefully read the information in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplements, which we refer to collectively as the “prospectus.” You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. This prospectus may only be used where it is legal to sell these securities. You should not assume that the information contained in this prospectus is accurate as of any date later than the date hereof or such other dates as are stated herein or as of the respective dates of any documents or other information incorporated herein by reference.
The words “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” refer to BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership of which we are the general partner, unless the context requires otherwise.
“BGO” refers to, collectively, BentallGreenOak (Canada) Limited Partnership, BGO Holdings (Cayman), LP, and the Adviser. BGO is a part of SLC Management, the institutional asset management business of Sun Life Financial Inc., a globally recognized and publicly traded insurance company.
Unless otherwise noted, numerical information relating to BGO is approximate, is as of December 31, 2022, and includes real estate equity and mortgage investments and other activities of public and private portfolio companies owned by or advised by BGO.
Citations included herein to industry sources are used only to demonstrate third-party support for certain statements made herein to which such citations relate. Information included in such industry sources that do not relate to supporting the related statements made herein are not part of this prospectus and should not be relied upon.
Clarity of the text in this prospectus may be affected by the size of the screen on which it is displayed.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements about our business, including, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and objectives. You can generally identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue” or other similar words or the negatives thereof. These statements include our plans and objectives for future operations, including plans and objectives relating to future growth and availability of funds, and are based on current expectations that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to these statements involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to accurately predict and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe the assumptions underlying the forward-looking statements, and the forward-looking statements themselves, are reasonable, any of the assumptions could be inaccurate and, therefore, there can be no assurance that these forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate and our actual results, performance and achievements may be materially different from that expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in these forward looking statements, the inclusion of this information should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that our objectives and plans, which we consider to be reasonable, will be achieved.
You should carefully review the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus for a discussion of the risks and uncertainties that we believe are material to our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition. Except as otherwise required by federal securities laws, we do not undertake to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
 
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This prospectus summary highlights all material information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This is only a summary and it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. Before deciding to invest in this offering, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section.
Q:
What is BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.?
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A:
We are a Maryland corporation formed on September 7, 2022. We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with our taxable year ending December 31, 2023. We are externally managed by our adviser, BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership.
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Q:
Who is BGO?
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A:
BGO is a leading, global real estate investment management advisor and a recognized provider of real estate services, with a long-standing track record in the investment and asset management of industrial, office, retail and multi-family property globally. BGO provides investment management services to more than 750 institutional investors with approximately $83 billion of assets under management, as of December 31, 2022.
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BGO has offices in 28 cities across 14 countries, which BGO believes provides access to deep local knowledge, experience and extensive networks in the regions where the Adviser invests and manages real estate. Our objective is to bring BGO’s leading institutional-quality real estate investment platform to income-focused investors.
BGO is a part of SLC Management, which is the alternatives asset management business of Sun Life Financial Inc. BGO was established effective July 1, 2019 and resulted from the merger of GreenOak Real Estate with Bentall Kennedy, the real estate investment management firm of Sun Life Financial Inc.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is responsible for sourcing, evaluating and monitoring our investment opportunities and making decisions related to the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of our assets in accordance with our investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by our board of directors. The Adviser is also responsible for oversight over our other service providers. See “Management — The Adviser and BGO” and “Management — The Advisory Agreement.”
Q:
Who is Sun Life Financial Inc.?
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A:
Sun Life Financial Inc. is a leading international financial services organization providing asset management, wealth, insurance and health solutions to individual and institutional clients. Sun Life Financial Inc. has operations in a number of markets worldwide, including Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, India, China, Australia, Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia and Bermuda. As of December 31, 2022, Sun Life Financial Inc. had total assets under management of C$1.33 trillion. Sun Life Financial Inc. trades on the Toronto (TSX), New York (NYSE) and Philippine (PSE) stock exchanges under the ticker symbol “SLF.”
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Q:
What are your investment objectives?
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A:
Our investment objectives are to invest in assets that will enable us to:
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Preserve and protect invested capital;
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Provide attractive current income in the form of regular, stable cash distributions;
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Realize appreciation in NAV from proactive investment management and asset management; and
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Provide an investment alternative for stockholders seeking to allocate a portion of their long-term investment portfolios to commercial real estate with lower volatility than publicly-traded real estate companies.
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We cannot assure you that we will achieve our investment objectives. In particular, we note that our NAV may be subject to volatility related to the values of our assets. See the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus.
Q:
What is your investment strategy?
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A:
We intend to be a pure-play industrial REIT by implementing our investment strategy of acquiring, managing, and/or financing a diversified portfolio of primarily stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties primarily located in the United States. To a lesser extent, and subject to the investment limitations described in this prospectus, we also intend to invest in real estate-related assets, which include (1) debt backed principally by real estate, such as mortgage loans, subordinated mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, real estate-related corporate credit, and commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and (2) real estate-related securities, such as common and preferred stock of publicly traded REITs and other real estate companies (“real estate-related securities”).
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After we have raised substantial proceeds in this offering and acquired a diversified portfolio of real estate investments (the “Ramp-Up Period”), we intend to invest:
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At least 80% of our gross asset value in real estate; and
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Up to 20% of our gross asset value in real estate-related assets.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the actual percentage of our portfolio that is invested in each investment type may from time to time be outside the levels provided above due to factors such as a large inflow of capital over a short period of time, the Adviser’s assessment of the relative attractiveness of opportunities or an increase in anticipated cash requirements or repurchase requests and subject to any limitations or requirements relating to our intention to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Certain investments, such as preferred equity investments, could be characterized as either real estate or real estate debt depending on the terms and characteristics of such investments.
We believe our real estate-related assets can help maintain liquidity to satisfy any stock repurchases we choose to make in any particular month and manage cash before investing subscription proceeds into properties while also seeking attractive current income.
Q:
What types of properties do you intend to acquire?
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A:
We intend to invest primarily in industrial warehouse and logistics properties selected for their location, functionality and potential cash flow characteristics, as well as their stability and their generally low maintenance and capital improvement costs. These properties will primarily consist of institutional-quality, modern bulk distribution warehouses, light industrial buildings, last-mile distribution facilities, temperature-controlled logistics properties and logistics chain properties. We may also acquire assets that require new development or some amount of capital investment to be renovated or repositioned, although this will be a secondary focus.
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To acquire these properties, we intend to focus on locations in the United States and, to a lesser extent, in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. We intend to emphasize locations with high barriers to entry, close proximity to large demographic bases, substantial blue-collar workforces and/or access to major distribution infrastructure, primarily located in the lower 48 states. However, we do not intend to designate specific geography or sector allocations for the portfolio; rather the Adviser intends to invest in regions or property types where it sees the best opportunities that support our investment objectives. See “Investment Objectives and Strategies — Target Market and Submarket Selection.”
We expect that our industrial warehouse and logistics properties will typically be comprised of multiple types of buildings suitable for single or multiple tenants. The types and characteristics of properties that we intend to target include, but are not limited to, the following:
 
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Building Type
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Description
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Bulk distribution ​ ​ Large-scale facilities with a size ranging from 150,000 to 1.5 million square feet that serve single or multitenant users for storing and distributing goods across a wide geographic area, such as e-commerce fulfillment centers. ​
Light industrial ​ ​ Buildings similar in function to bulk distribution centers, but more easily divisible to accommodate tenants distributing to a smaller geographic area. These buildings are usually 150,000 square feet or less and are rented to either single or multitenant users. ​
Last-mile distribution ​ ​ Bulk distribution or light industrial facilities utilized in connection with e-commerce and focused on end-user distribution. ​
Temperature controlled logistics
​ ​ Distribution facilities that include freezer facilities, agriculture production facilities, pre-cooling facilities, and pharmaceutical facilities. ​
Logistics chain investments
​ ​ Industrial outdoor storage, data centers, logistics terminals and other essential components of the logistics supply chain. ​
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Q:
Why industrial warehouse and logistics properties?
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A:
We believe that ownership of industrial warehouse and logistics properties may have certain potential advantages relative to ownership of other types of real estate, including, but not limited to, the following:
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generally exhibiting lower rent volatility and include either predictable fixed rent increases or CPI-based rent escalators, resulting in greater revenue stability;
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limited cost responsibilities for the owner, as tenants typically pay for expenses such as insurance, taxes, utilities, and maintenance due to the “net lease” nature of most industrial property leases;
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exhibits lower operating costs and capital improvement costs;
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our expectation is that demand trends for e-commerce, which relies on industrial warehouse and logistics properties, will remain well above gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth for the foreseeable future. This serves as a major growth catalyst for industrial real estate as we believe e-commerce sales requires ~3x the warehouse space compared to brick and mortar;
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We expect that the incorporation of robotics, automation, and artificial intelligence inside industrial buildings will lead to a significant shift in tenant demand from pre-2000 to post-2000 industrial assets. This may require a significant investment from tenants in their automation buildouts, which in turn increases the chances of lease renewal upon expiration;
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Rent is typically a marginal expense, representing around 5% of logistics costs for most industrial tenants, which allows tenants to increase rental cost to obtain significant operational efficiencies and lower transportation costs resulting from more desirable industrial spaces. This may lead to increased demand for desirable industrial space;
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Our belief is that value in the industrial sector is primarily driven by key factors such as location and access to transportation infrastructure, rather than aesthetics. This helps to significantly slow the pace of building obsolescence, preserving property value over time;
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The industrial sector’s diverse tenant base, which generally reflects the overall economy, enables diversification across various economic sectors, resulting in greater cash flow stability; and
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We believe that growing consumer demand for a broader range of products and more efficient delivery methods, particularly in e-commerce fulfillment, will continue to fuel demand for additional industrial space.
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We believe that based on these factors, among others, cash flows generated by industrial warehouse and logistics properties should exhibit greater stability and certainty than those generated by other types of real estate assets.
Q:
What potential competitive strengths does the Adviser offer?
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A:
We believe our most powerful competitive strength is our affiliation with BGO, which is a leading,
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global real estate investment management adviser and a recognized provider of real estate services that provides investment management services to more than 750 institutional investors with approximately $83 billion of assets under management as of December 31, 2022. BGO has offices in 28 cities across 14 countries, which BGO believes provides access to deep local knowledge, experience, and extensive networks in the regions where the Adviser invests and manages real estate. We believe our long-term success in executing our investment strategy will be supported by BGO’s competitive strengths, which include:
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Experienced Investment Team.   In the United States alone, the Adviser manages $18 billion in assets under management for industrial strategies and will total over 100 million square feet and over 300 properties across its equity funds. These investments were made on behalf of the Adviser’s open-end core and core plus funds, development funds, value add funds and separate accounts. With active strategies across geographies and the risk spectrum, we believe the team can quickly identify relative value and capitalize on pricing imbalances. Globally, the Adviser manages over $30 billion in assets under management for its industrial strategies and will total over 200 million square feet and just below 700 properties across its equity funds. We believe this extensive, global industrial experience provides the Adviser real-time, proprietary data that we expect will enable us to target specific markets and trends with conviction quickly.
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Stability in Sourcing and Execution.   The Adviser’s extensive deal flow will be sourced primarily through the team’s extensive network of relationships with best-in-class operating partners, developers, brokerage firms and tenants both in the United States and globally. These relationships have been derived from the substantial combined experience of the Adviser’s U.S. senior management team, which on average have 25 years of experience. We expect the Adviser will continue to leverage this extensive market presence as well as the Adviser’s extensive market relationships to build our real estate portfolio.
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Physical Presence and Longstanding Relationships in the Target Markets.   BGO has offices and professionals in nine cities covering every major region in the United States. The U.S. Partners, Managing Directors and investment professionals average over 25 years of experience, which we believe translates to deep market knowledge and established, long-term relationships with operating partners, property owners, developers, brokers, tenants and lenders that are difficult to replicate and typically a high barrier to entry in these geographies. The team’s relationships facilitate proprietary deal sourcing as evidenced by the Adviser’s extensive investment activity. We believe that having a physical presence in every major U.S. region enables the Adviser’s investment professionals to easily pursue investment opportunities.
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Leader in Sustainability.   BGO continues to be among the industry leaders in Environmental, Social, and Governance (“ESG”) practices. BGO’s ESG approach is directly tied to our investment strategies and designed to match a range of client and investor risk and return expectations. We approach sustainable investing from both a risk mitigation and a value creation perspective, in order to help enhance the long-term financial and operational resiliency of the asset. With continuously evolving best practices, we believe BGO has achieved cost savings of over $57.7 million from January 2009 through November 2021 as a result of energy efficiency initiatives, specifically our data-driven approach, target setting, and tenant engagement programs. BGO’s ESG initiatives are led by a dedicated, in-house Sustainable Investing team. The Sustainable Investing team partners with our investment and real estate management professionals to help integrate ESG across the asset lifecycle in alignment with client goals.
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Proprietary Research Directed by Industry Leading In-House Team.   The Adviser employs a research driven approach to develop its view of real estate markets. The investment team has developed an in-house methodology that identifies desirable micro locations by using a carefully selected set of demographic and economic variables or “markers.” These markers include population, population growth, population density, knowledge job exposure, educational attainment, patent origination and other live/work/play attributes. Additionally, BGO’s Applied Data Science team uses state-of-the-art AI (machine learning) algorithms to extract information from their proprietary data system that contains over 1.3 billion datapoints — over 35,000 variables that span all commercial real estate submarkets and sectors for the last 30 years. We believe that coupling on-the-ground experienced
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investment teams with top-down research capabilities will allow the Adviser to identify ahead of the curve locations with strong demand attributes.
There is no assurance that we will realize the benefits from the Adviser’s potential competitive strengths or that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment objectives. You should be aware of the potential risks and limitations because of our relationship with the Adviser and Dealer Manager.
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We depend on the Adviser to select our investments and otherwise conduct our business, and any material adverse change in its financial condition or our relationship with the Adviser could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to achieve our investment objectives.
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You will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review by the Dealer Manager in connection with this offering and, if a conflict of interest arises between us and BGO, we may incur additional fees and expenses.
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The success of this offering is dependent, in part, on the ability of the Adviser and Dealer Manager to retain key employees and associated persons and the ability of the Dealer Manager to successfully build and maintain a network of licensed participating broker-dealers.
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The fees we pay in connection with this offering and the agreements entered into with BGO and its affiliates were not determined on an arm’s-length basis and therefore may not be on the same terms we could achieve from a third party.
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In connection with prior programs sponsored by BGO, adverse business developments have occurred, generally as a result of broader economic distress. For example, BGO’s real estate programs have from time to time realized losses on certain investments (including as a result of lender foreclosure), had tenants file for protection from creditors under the bankruptcy code, made partial redemption payouts in accordance with such program’s liquidity provisions, tenants vacate facilities prior to or at the end of, or cease operations during, a lease term, and litigation with tenants involving lease defaults and sales of properties. See ‘‘Risk Factors’’ and ‘‘Prior Performance Summary — Material Adverse Developments on Prior Programs.’’
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The Adviser will face conflicts of interest as a result of, among other things, the allocation of investment opportunities among us and Other BGO Accounts, the allocation of time of its investment professionals and the substantial fees that we will pay to the Adviser.
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For more information regarding the Adviser, the Dealer Manager and the risks associated with our relationship, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to our Relationship with the Adviser and the Dealer Manager” and “Risk Factors — Conflicts of Interest.”
Q:
Are there any risks involved in buying your shares?
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A:
Investing in shares of our common stock involves a high degree of risk. If we are unable to effectively manage the impact of these risks, we may not meet our investment objectives and, therefore, you should purchase our shares only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. An investment in shares of our common stock involves significant risks and is intended only for investors with a long-term investment horizon and who do not require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income. Some of the more significant risks relating to an investment in shares of our common stock include those listed below. The following is only a summary of the principal risks that may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The following should be read in conjunction with the more complete discussion of the risk factors we face, which are set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.
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Risk Factor Summary
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We have no prior operating history and there is no assurance that we will achieve our investment objectives.
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This is a “blind pool” offering. Other than the Seed Joint Venture, you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our future investments before we make them.
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Since there is no public trading market for shares of our common stock, repurchase of shares by us will likely be the only way to dispose of your shares. Our share repurchase plan will provide stockholders with the opportunity to request that we repurchase their shares on a monthly basis, but we are not obligated to repurchase any shares and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular month in our discretion. In addition, repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions. Further, our board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend for any period of time or indefinitely our share repurchase plan if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders, such as when repurchase requests would place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on us that would outweigh the benefit of repurchasing our shares. Upon suspension of our share repurchase plan, our share repurchase plan requires our board of directors to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the plan is in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders; however, we are not required to authorize the recommencement of the share repurchase plan within any specified period of time. Our board of directors cannot terminate (but may suspend) our share repurchase plan absent a liquidity event which results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. As a result, our shares should be considered as having only limited liquidity and at times may be illiquid.
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We cannot guarantee that will make distributions, and if we do, we may fund such distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of or repayments under our assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering net proceeds. We have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources.
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The purchase price and repurchase price for shares of our common stock will be generally based on our prior month’s NAV (subject to material changes as described above) and will not be based on any public trading market. While there will be independent valuations of our properties from time to time, the valuation of properties is inherently subjective and our NAV may not accurately reflect the actual price at which our properties could be liquidated on any given day.
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We have no employees and are dependent on the Adviser to conduct our operations. The Adviser will face conflicts of interest as a result of, among other things, the allocation of investment opportunities among us and Other BGO Accounts, the allocation of time of its investment professionals and the substantial fees that we will pay to the Adviser.
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This is a “best efforts” offering. If we are not able to raise a substantial amount of capital in the near term, our ability to achieve our investment objectives could be adversely affected.
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On acquiring shares, you will experience immediate dilution in the net tangible book value of your investment.
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Principal and interest payments on any borrowings will reduce the amount of funds available for distribution or investment in additional real estate assets.
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There are limits on the ownership and transferability of our shares. See “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
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We do not own the BGO name, but we are permitted to use it as part of our corporate name pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. Use of the name by other parties or the termination of our right to use the name may harm our business.
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While our investment strategy is to invest in stabilized industrial warehouse and logistics real estate with a focus on providing current income to investors, an investment in us is not an investment in fixed income. Fixed income has material differences from an investment in the Company, including those related to vehicle structure, investment objectives and restrictions, risks, fluctuation of principal, safety, guarantees or insurance, fees and expenses, liquidity and tax treatment.
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We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, if we fail to qualify as a REIT and no relief provisions apply, our NAV and cash available for distribution to our stockholders could materially decrease.
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The acquisition of investment properties may be financed in substantial part by borrowing, which increases our exposure to loss. The use of leverage involves a high degree of financial risk and will increase the exposure of the investments to adverse economic factors.
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Investment in commercial real estate assets involves certain risks, including, but not limited to, tenants’ inability to pay rent, increases in interest rates and lack of availability of financing, tenant turnover and vacancies, and changes in supply of or demand for similar properties in a given market.
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COVID-19 has had a negative impact on the economy and business activity globally (including in the markers in which we plan to invest and in which the assets of the Seed Portfolio are located). COVID-19 or other pandemics could adversely affect the performance of our investments.
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See “Risk Factors.”
Q:
Why do you make real estate debt investments in addition to real estate investments?
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A:
Our real estate debt strategy is focused on generating current income, contributing to our overall net returns. These liquidity sources will collectively be used for cash management, satisfying any stock repurchases under our share repurchase plan and other purposes.
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The type of real estate debt investments we seek to acquire are non-distressed public and private real estate debt, including, but not limited to, real estate-related corporate credit, mortgages, loans, mezzanine and other forms of debt, and may also include derivatives. Our investments in real estate debt will be focused in the United States, but may also include investments issued or backed by real estate in countries outside the United States, including North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region and certain other countries.
Q:
Why do you intend to invest in real estate-related securities in addition to industrial warehouse and logistics properties?
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A:
We believe that our real estate-related securities will serve as a cash management strategy before investing offering proceeds into longer-term real estate assets. In addition, we believe that, subject to applicable law, our real estate-related securities could be used, in part, to maintain appropriate liquidity levels in order to provide funds to satisfy repurchase requests under our share repurchase plan that we chose to satisfy in any particular month. Our securities portfolio will focus on agency and non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”), commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”), collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”), collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) and publicly listed equity securities of real estate and real estate-related companies.
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We may invest in securities that are unregistered (but are eligible for purchase and sale by certain qualified institutional buyers) or are held by control persons of the issuer and securities that are subject to contractual restrictions on their resale. However, we may only invest in equity securities if a majority of our directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approves such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.
We do not intend that our investments in real estate-related securities will require us to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, and we intend to generally divest appropriate securities before any such registration would be required.
See “Investment Objectives and Strategies” for a more detailed discussion of real estate-related securities investments we may make.
Q:
What is a real estate investment trust, or REIT?
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A:
We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with our taxable year ending December 31, 2023.
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In general, a REIT is a company that:
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combines the capital of many investors to acquire or provide financing for real estate assets;
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offers the benefits of a real estate portfolio under professional management;
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satisfies the various requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), including a requirement to distribute to stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income each year; and
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is generally not subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxes on its net taxable income that it currently distributes to its stockholders, which substantially eliminates the “double taxation” (i.e., taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels) that generally results from investments in a C corporation.
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Q:
What is a non-listed, perpetual-life REIT?
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A:
A non-listed REIT is a REIT whose shares are not listed for trading on a stock exchange or other securities market. We use the term “perpetual-life REIT” to describe an investment vehicle of indefinite duration, whose shares of common stock are intended to be sold by the REIT monthly on a continuous basis at a price generally equal to the REIT’s prior month’s NAV per share. In our perpetual-life structure, a stockholder may request that we repurchase their shares on a monthly basis, but we are not obligated to repurchase any shares and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular month in our discretion. While we may consider a liquidity event (which is an event that results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for their shares in our company) at any time in the future, we currently do not intend to undertake such a transaction, and we are not obligated by our charter or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time.
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Q:
How will you identify investments and make decisions on whether to acquire properties?
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A:
The Adviser will have the authority to implement our investment strategy, as determined by, and subject to the direction of, our board of directors.
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BGO believes that it sees a high volume of deal flow as a result of its substantial U.S. investment platform defined by its investment teams spread across nine offices including New York, Boston, Chicago, Austin, Washington, D.C., Miami, Seattle, San Francisco and Los Angeles. BGO’s investment opportunities are sourced primarily through the team’s longstanding relationships in their respective local markets, which are founded on their fair and honest treatment of counterparties. BGO employs a proactive sourcing process to create high quality deal flow through an extensive network of relationships with intermediaries, operating partners, developers, banks, owners and other financial institutions, both in the United States and globally. The depth of the platform and BGO’s relationships serve as primary competitive advantages in assessing pricing risk and accessing off-market transactions.
Members of BGO’s global senior investment team have an average of over 30 years of real estate investing experience across multiple market cycles, diverse geographies and all asset types. The management team and investment professionals of BGO have developed a disciplined investment process to (i) source and underwrite compelling investment opportunities, (ii) structure and complete transactions, (iii) execute a focused business plan and (iv) monetize each asset to generate attractive returns. This process emphasizes collaborative communication, rigorous analysis and sound decision-making using the talents and insights of the entire team. Above all, BGO believes that its relationships, reputation and speed of execution allows it to successfully acquire, manage and realize real estate investments across its investment strategies.
Research also plays a key role within the BGO investment process and is fully integrated into its acquisition, asset management functions and disposition. All potential acquisitions are thoroughly analyzed by BGO’s acquisition and asset management teams, incorporating in-depth economic and property market analysis provided by the research team. BGO’s proprietary real estate forecasting models provide an outlook for the potential acquisition’s market and submarket performance.
All potential acquisitions of real estate are reviewed and approved by the Adviser’s investment committee (the “Investment Committee”) before any binding offers are made.
Q:
Do you use leverage?
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A:
Yes. Our target leverage ratio after the Ramp-Up Period is 50% to 60%. Our leverage ratio is measured
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by dividing (i) consolidated property-level debt, entity-level debt and debt on real estate debt or real estate-related investments, net of cash and loan-related restricted cash, by (ii) the asset value of real estate investments (measured using the greater of fair market value and cost) plus the gross value in our real estate debt and real estate-related investments. There is, however, no limit on the amount we may borrow with respect to any individual property or portfolio, and, at times, our leverage ratio may be above or below our targeted range.
We have also placed limits in our charter prohibiting us from borrowing more than 300% of our net assets, which approximates borrowing 75% of the cost of our investments. We may exceed this limit if a majority of our independent directors approves each borrowing in excess of the limit and we disclose the justification for doing so to our stockholders.
Financing a portion of the purchase price of our assets will allow us to broaden our portfolio by increasing the funds available to support our investment activities. Financing a portion, which may be substantial, of the purchase price is not free from risk. Using debt requires us to pay interest and principal, referred to as “debt service,” all of which decreases the amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders or other purposes. We may also be unable to refinance the debt at maturity on favorable or equivalent terms, if at all, exposing us to the potential risk of loss with respect to assets pledged as collateral for loans. Certain of our debt may be floating-rate and the effective interest rates on such debt will increase when the relevant interest benchmark (e.g., SOFR) increases.
Q:
Will your investment guidelines overlap with the objectives or guidelines of any of BGO’s affiliates, and do any Other BGO Accounts receive priority with respect to certain investments?
​
A:
While the Adviser believes our investment objectives, guidelines and strategy are generally distinct from other investment funds, mutual funds, REITs, vehicles, accounts, products and/or other similar arrangements sponsored, advised and/or managed by BGO (“Other BGO Accounts”), our investment objectives, guidelines and strategy may sometimes overlap with those of existing Other BGO Accounts that are actively investing and with future Other BGO Accounts. However, BGO believes there will be sufficient investment opportunities for us within our investment guidelines because of the scale of the real estate market. This overlap will from time to time create conflicts of interest, which the Adviser and its affiliates will seek to manage in a fair and equitable manner in their sole discretion in accordance with their prevailing policies and procedures.
​
With respect to Other BGO Accounts with investment objectives or guidelines that overlap with ours but that do not have priority over us, investment opportunities will be allocated on a rotational basis among us and one or more such Other BGO Accounts in accordance with BGO’s prevailing procedures on a basis that the Adviser and its affiliates believe to be fair and equitable in their sole discretion, subject to the following considerations: (1) any applicable investment objectives of ours and such Other BGO Accounts (which, for us, includes our primary objective of providing attractive current income in the form of regular, stable cash distributions); (2) geographic and product type constraints and/or preferences of us and such Other BGO Accounts (which, for us, includes our strategy to be a pure-play industrial REIT); (3) investment time horizons; (4) investment size or quality constraints and/or preferences of us and such Other BGO Accounts; (5) available cash or borrowing capacity; (6) regulatory considerations (including, without limitation, maintaining our status as a non-investment company exempt from the Investment Company Act); (7) tax and structuring considerations (including, without limitation, maintaining our qualification as a REIT); (8) ability to respond to the required timing; (9) investment concentration and diversification considerations; (10) anticipated capital expenditures; (11) cash flow; (12) occupancy; and (13) relative pricing and risk / reward objectives as between different clients.
Q:
Will you acquire properties in joint ventures, including joint ventures with affiliates?
​
A:
We may acquire properties through one or more joint ventures with affiliates of the Adviser and/or with non-affiliated third parties, including for example, the Seed Joint Venture. Any joint venture with an affiliate of the Adviser must be approved by a majority of our directors (including a majority of our independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and on substantially the same, or more favorable, terms and conditions as those received by other joint venture partners. In many cases, we may not control the management of joint ventures in which we
​
​
 
9

 
invest, but we may have the right to approve major decisions of the joint venture. We will not participate in joint ventures in which we do not have or share control to the extent that we believe such participation would potentially threaten our status as a non-investment company exempt from the Investment Company Act. This may prevent us from receiving an allocation with respect to certain investment opportunities that are suitable for both us and one or more Other BGO Accounts.
Q:
How is an investment in shares of your common stock different from listed REITs?
​
A:
An investment in shares of our common stock generally differs from an investment in listed REITs in a number of ways, including:
​
•
Shares of listed REITs are priced by the trading market, which is influenced generally by numerous factors, not all of which are related to the underlying value of the entity’s real estate assets and liabilities. We use the estimated value of our real estate assets and liabilities to determine our NAV and the purchase price and repurchase price of our common stock will generally be based on our prior month’s NAV and not based on any public trading market. The purchase price per share for each class of our common stock varies and generally equals our prior month’s NAV per share plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, whereas investments in listed REITs often involve nominal to no upfront commissions.
​
•
An investment in our shares has limited or no liquidity and our share repurchase plan may be modified or suspended. In contrast, an investment in a listed REIT is a liquid investment, as shares generally can be sold on an exchange at any time.
​
•
Listed REITs are often self-managed, whereas our investment operations are managed by the Adviser.
​
•
Listed REITs may be reasonable alternatives to an investment in us and may be less costly and less complex with fewer and/or different risks than an investment in us. Transactions for listed securities often involve nominal or no commissions.
​
•
Unlike the offering of a listed REIT, this offering has been registered in every state in which we are offering and selling shares. As a result of state-specific rules governing non-listed REITs, we include certain limits in our governing documents that are not typically provided for in the charter of a listed REIT. For example, our charter limits the fees we may pay to the Adviser and its affiliates, limits our ability to make certain investments, limits the aggregate amount we may borrow, requires our independent directors to approve certain actions and restricts our ability to indemnify our directors, the Adviser and its affiliates. A listed REIT does not typically provide for these restrictions within its charter. A listed REIT is, however, subject to the governance requirements of the exchange on which its stock is traded, including requirements relating to its board of directors, audit committee, independent director oversight of executive compensation and the director nomination process, code of conduct, stockholder meetings, related party transactions, stockholder approvals, and voting rights. Although we expect to follow many of these same governance guidelines, there is no requirement that we do so.
​
Q:
For whom may an investment in your shares be appropriate?
​
A:
An investment in our shares may be appropriate for you if you:
​
•
meet the minimum suitability standards described above under “Suitability Standards;”
​
•
seek to allocate a portion of your investment portfolio to a direct investment vehicle with an income-oriented portfolio of mostly U.S. real estate and real estate-related assets;
​
•
seek to receive current income through regular distribution payments;
​
•
wish to obtain the potential benefit of long-term capital appreciation; and
​
•
are able to hold your shares as a long-term investment and do not need liquidity from your investment quickly in the near future.
​
We cannot assure you that an investment in our shares will allow you to realize any of these objectives. An investment in our shares is only intended for investors who do not need the ability to sell their shares quickly in the future since we are not obligated to repurchase any shares of our common stock
 
10

 
and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular month in our discretion, and the opportunity to have your shares repurchased under our share repurchase plan may not always be available. See “Share Repurchases — Repurchase Limitations.”
Q:
How will you structure the ownership and operation of your assets?
​
A:
We plan to own all or substantially all of our assets through the Operating Partnership (including the Seed Joint Venture). We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP (the “Special Limited Partner”), a Delaware limited partnership, owns a special limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership. In addition, each of the Adviser and the Special Limited Partner may elect to receive units in the Operating Partnership in lieu of cash for its management fee and performance participation interest, respectively. See “Compensation.” The Adviser and the Special Limited Partner may put these units back to the Operating Partnership and receive cash unless our board of directors determines that any such repurchase for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, in which case such Operating Partnership units will be repurchased for shares of our common stock. The use of the Operating Partnership to hold all of our assets is referred to as an Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust (“UPREIT”). Using an UPREIT structure may give us an advantage in acquiring properties from persons who want to defer recognizing a gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
​
The following chart shows our current ownership structure and our relationship with BGO, the Adviser, the Dealer Manager and the Special Limited Partner.
[MISSING IMAGE: fc_ownership-bw.jpg]
​
(1)
In connection with the commencement of this offering, Sun Life is expected to contribute its interest in the Seed Joint Venture that indirectly owns the Seed Portfolio to us in exchange for 13,000,000 Class E units of the Operating Partnership at a price per unit equal to $10.00.
​
(2)
The Class E shares are held by an affiliate of the Adviser.
​
Q:
Do you currently own any investments?
​
A:
In connection with the commencement of this offering, and pursuant to the terms of the contribution agreement, by and between Sun Life and us (the “Contribution Agreement”), Sun Life is expected to contribute its interest in the Seed Joint Venture that indirectly owns the Seed Portfolio to us in exchange for 13,000,000 Class E units of the Operating Partnership at a price per unit equal to $10.00. The purchase price of the Seed Joint Venture will be equal to $130 million, which represents the aggregate capital
​
​
 
11

 
contributions made by Sun Life in respect of the Seed Joint Venture. As of March 31, 2023, the estimated gross asset value of the Seed Portfolio was $948 million (inclusive of cash on hand and the value of certain debt). Following the Seed JV Acquisition, our 56.5% interest in the Seed Joint Venture is expected to represent an indirect 34.2% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio. See “Investment Portfolio.”
Q:
What is the role of our board of directors?
​
A:
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. We have five directors, three of whom have been determined to be independent of us, the Adviser, BGO and its affiliates. Our independent directors are responsible for reviewing the performance of the Adviser and approving the compensation paid to the Adviser and its affiliates. Our directors are elected annually by our stockholders. The names and biographical information of our directors are provided under “Management — Directors and Executive Officers.”
​
For so long as the Advisory Agreement is in effect, the Adviser has the right to designate for nomination, subject to the approval of such nomination by our board of directors, two directors to the slate of directors to be voted on by the stockholders at our annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that such designation right shall be suspended for such period of time as necessary so that a majority of directors are at all times independent directors. Our board of directors must also consult with the Adviser in connection with (i) its selection of each independent director for nomination to the slate of directors to be voted on at the annual meeting of stockholders, and (ii) filling any vacancies created by the removal, resignation, retirement or death of any director. See “Management.”
Q:
What is the difference between the Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I shares of common stock being offered?
​
A:
We are offering to the public four classes of shares of our common stock, Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. The differences among the share classes relate to upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and ongoing stockholder servicing fees. No upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees or stockholder servicing fees are paid with respect to Class I shares. See “Description of Capital Stock” and “Plan of Distribution” for a discussion of the differences between our Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I shares.
​
Assuming a constant net asset value per share of $10.00, maximum applicable upfront selling commissions and upfront dealer manager fees are paid, and assuming applicable stockholder servicing fees are paid until the 8.75% of gross proceeds limit described in “Compensation — Stockholder Servicing Fee — The Dealer Manager” is reached, we expect that a hypothetical one-time investment in 1,000 shares of each class of our shares (representing an aggregate net asset value of $10,000 for each class) would be subject to the following upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees:
​ ​ ​
Upfront Selling
Commissions
​ ​
Dealer
Manager
Fees
​ ​
Annual
Stockholder
Servicing Fees
​ ​
Maximum
Stockholder
Servicing Fees
Over Life of
Investment
(Length of Time)
​ ​
Total
(Length of Time)
​
Class T
​ ​ ​ $ 300 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 50 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 85 ​ ​ ​
$556 (7 years)
​ ​
$906 (7 years)
​
Class S
​ ​ ​ $ 350 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 85 ​ ​ ​
$556 (7 years)
​ ​
$906 (7 years)
​
Class D
​ ​ ​ $ 150 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 25 ​ ​ ​
$738 (30 years)
​ ​
$888 (30 years)(1)
​
Class I
​ ​ ​ $ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 0 ​ ​ ​
$0
​ ​
$0
​
​
(1)
The upfront selling commissions and annual stockholder servicing fees for Class D shares are lower than those of Class T and Class S, so it will take longer for Class D shares to reach the 8.75% limit.
​
Class T shares and Class S shares are available through brokerage and transaction-based accounts. Class D shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class D shares, (2) through participating
 
12

 
broker-dealers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class D shares, (3) through transaction/brokerage platforms at participating broker-dealers, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) through bank trust departments or any other organization or person authorized to act in a fiduciary capacity for its clients or customers or (6) other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. Class I shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class I shares, (2) by endowments, foundations, pension funds and other institutional investors, (3) through participating broker-dealers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class I shares, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) by our executive officers and directors and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of the Adviser, BGO or other affiliates and their immediate family members, and joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers, (6) by Other BGO Accounts, or (7) by other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. In certain cases, where a holder of Class S, Class T or Class D shares exits a relationship with a participating broker-dealer for this offering and does not enter into a new relationship with a participating broker-dealer for this offering, such holder’s shares may be exchanged into an equivalent NAV amount of Class I shares. Before making your investment decision, please consult with your investment professional regarding your account type and the classes of common stock you may be eligible to purchase.
Certain participating broker-dealers may offer volume discounts, which would reduce upfront selling commissions and would therefore increase the length of time required for selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees to reach 8.75% of gross proceeds. In the case of Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, a lower limit than 8.75% of gross proceeds may be used, as set forth in the applicable agreement between the Dealer Manager and a participating broker-dealer at the time such Class T shares were issued. See “— What fees do you pay to the Adviser and its affiliates?” and “Plan of Distribution — Underwriting Compensation — Upfront Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees.”
If you are eligible to purchase all four classes of shares, then you should be aware that Class I shares have no upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees or stockholder servicing fees, which will reduce the NAV or distributions of the other share classes. However, Class I shares will not receive stockholder services. If you are eligible to purchase Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares, but not Class I shares, you should be aware that Class D shares have lower upfront selling commissions, no dealer manager fees and lower annual stockholder servicing fees. Investors should also inquire with their investment professional about what additional fees may be charged with respect to the share class under consideration or with respect to the type of account in which the shares will be held, as that is also an important consideration when selecting a share class. Some investment professionals may offer and sell only one or a limited number of the classes of our common stock being sold in connection with this offering.
Q:
What are the terms of the Class E shares of our common stock?
​
A:
Class E shares are not available for purchase in this offering. Class E shares are only available for purchase by (i) our officers and directors, (ii) affiliates or employees of BGO, (iii) Other BGO Accounts and (iv) Sun Life or its affiliates in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition. Holders of the Class E shares are entitled to receive distributions at the same rate applicable to other classes of our common stock, except with regard to deductions based on class-specific fees and expenses. The Class E shares are not subject to any upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees, management fees payable to the Adviser or the performance participation payable to the Special Limited Partner. Therefore, Class E shares will have a higher NAV and a different distribution amount relative to our other share classes. Holders of the Class E shares are entitled to the same voting rights as holders of other classes of our common stock. The Class E shares issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition are not eligible for repurchase pursuant to our share repurchase plan. For a description of the special repurchase rights with respect to such Class E shares, see “Description of Capital Stock — Class E Shares.”
​
​
 
13

 
Q:
What is the per share purchase price?
​
A:
The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial closing of this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per share for the Class E units issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, the purchase price per share for each class of our common stock will vary and will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such class, as determined monthly, plus any applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. We may offer shares at a price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of such stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month. The NAV per share for the share classes we are offering to the public may differ because stockholder servicing fees, management fees and the performance participation allocable to a specific class of shares are only included in the NAV calculation for that class.
​
Q:
How will your NAV per share be calculated?
​
A:
Our NAV will be calculated by the Adviser monthly based on the net asset values of our investments (including securities investments), the addition of any other assets (such as cash on hand), and the deduction of any liabilities. Altus Group U.S. Inc., a third-party independent valuation advisor, was selected by the Adviser and approved by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, to serve as our independent valuation advisor and review annual third-party appraisals of our properties. In addition, our independent valuation advisor will update the valuations of our properties monthly, based on the most recent annual third-party appraisals and current market data and other relevant information. While the independent valuation advisor reviews for reasonableness the assumptions, methodologies and valuation conclusions applied by third-party appraisers, the independent valuation advisor is not responsible for, and does not calculate, our NAV.
​
Our NAV per share will be calculated by our fund administrator, SS&C GIDS, Inc. (“SS&C”), a third-party firm that provides us with certain administrative and accounting services, and such calculation will be reviewed and confirmed by the Adviser. However, the Adviser is ultimately responsible for the determination of our NAV.
NAV is not a measure used under generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S. (“GAAP”) and the valuations of and certain adjustments made to our assets and liabilities used in the determination of NAV will differ from GAAP. For purposes of calculating our NAV, the organization and offering expenses paid by the Adviser through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering are not recognized as expenses or as a component of equity and reflected in our NAV until we reimburse the Adviser for these expenses in 60 equal monthly installments commencing with the first anniversary of the commencement date. You should not consider NAV to be equivalent to stockholders’ equity or any other GAAP measure. See “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines” for more information regarding the calculation of our NAV per share of each class and how our properties and real estate-related assets will be valued.
Q:
Is there any minimum investment required?
​
A:
The minimum initial investment in Class T, Class S or Class D shares of our common stock is $2,500, and the minimum subsequent investment in such shares is $500 per transaction. The minimum initial investment in Class I shares of our common stock is $1,000,000, and the minimum subsequent investment in such shares is $500 per transaction, unless such minimums are waived by us. The minimum subsequent investment amount does not apply to purchases made under our distribution reinvestment plan. In addition, our board of directors may elect to accept smaller investments in its discretion.
​
​
 
14

 
Q:
What is a “best efforts” offering?
​
A:
This is our initial public offering of common stock on a “best efforts” basis. A “best efforts” offering means that the Dealer Manager and the participating brokers are only required to use their best efforts to sell the shares. When shares are offered to the public on a “best efforts” basis, no underwriter, broker-dealer or other person has a firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that any minimum number of shares will be sold.
​
Q:
What is the expected term of this offering?
​
A:
We have registered $4,000,000,000 in shares of our common stock, in any combination of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares, to be sold in our primary offering and up to $1,000,000,000 in shares to be sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. It is our intent, however, to conduct a continuous offering for an indefinite period of time, by filing for additional offerings of our shares of common stock, subject to regulatory approval and continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws.
​
We will endeavor to take all reasonable actions to avoid interruptions in the continuous offering of our shares of common stock. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not need to suspend our continuous offering while the SEC and, where required, state securities regulators, review such filings for additional offerings of our stock until such filings are declared effective, if at all.
Q:
When may I make purchases of shares and at what price?
​
A:
Subscriptions to purchase our common stock may be made on an ongoing basis, but investors may only purchase our shares of our common stock pursuant to accepted subscription orders as of the first calendar day of each month (based on the prior month’s transaction price), and to be accepted, a subscription request must be received in good order at least five business days prior to the first calendar day of the month (unless waived by the Dealer Manager). The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, the purchase price per share for each class of our common stock will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such class as of the last calendar day of such month, as determined monthly, plus any applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. We may offer shares at a price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of such stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share, including by updating a previously disclosed transaction price, in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month. See “How to Subscribe” for more details.
​
For example, if you wish to subscribe for shares of our common stock in October, your subscription request must be received in good order at least five business days before November 1. Generally, the offering price will equal the NAV per share of the applicable class as of the last calendar day of September, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. If accepted, your subscription will be effective on the first calendar day of November.
Q:
When will the transaction price be available?
​
A:
Generally, within 15 calendar days after the last calendar day of each month, we will determine our NAV per share for each share class as of the last calendar day of the prior month, which will generally be the transaction price for the then-current month for such share class. However, in certain circumstances, the transaction price will not be made available until a later time. We will disclose the transaction price for each month when available on our website at www.bgoireit.com and in prospectus supplements filed with the SEC.
​
Generally, you will not be provided with direct notice of the transaction price when it becomes available. Therefore, if you wish to know the transaction price prior to your subscription being accepted you must check our website or our filings with the SEC prior to the time your subscription is accepted.
 
15

 
However, if the transaction price is not made available on or before the eighth business day before the first calendar day of the month (which is six business days before the earliest date we may accept subscriptions), or a previously disclosed transaction price for that month is changed, then we will provide notice of such transaction price (and the first day on which we may accept subscriptions) directly to subscribing investors when such transaction price is made available. In such cases, you will have at least three business days from delivery of such notice before your subscription is accepted. See “How to Subscribe.”
Q:
May I withdraw my subscription request once I have made it?
​
A:
Yes. Subscribers are not committed to purchase shares at the time their subscription orders are submitted and any subscription may be canceled at any time before the time it has been accepted. You may withdraw your purchase request by notifying the transfer agent, through your financial intermediary or directly on our toll-free, automated telephone line, 1-833-360-5519.
​
Q:
When will my subscription be accepted?
​
A:
Completed subscription requests will not be accepted by us before the later of (i) two business days before the first calendar day of each month and (ii) three business days after we make the transaction price (including any subsequent revised transaction price) publicly available by posting it on our website at www.bgoireit.com and filing a prospectus supplement with the SEC (or in certain cases after we have delivered notice of such price directly to you as discussed above). As a result, you will have a minimum of three business days after the transaction price for that month has been disclosed to withdraw your request before you are committed to purchase the shares.
​
Q:
What are the Class E unit repurchase terms?
​
A:
The Class E units issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition are not eligible for repurchase pursuant to the share repurchase plan adopted by our board of directors in connection with this offering and will only be eligible for repurchase by us following the earlier of (i) the first date that our NAV reaches $1.5 billion and (ii) the date that is the third anniversary of the date of this prospectus. Following such period, Sun Life may request that we repurchase such Class E units on a monthly basis, at a price per unit equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit as of the repurchase date.
​
The aggregate amount of Class E units that we are required to repurchase in any month from Sun Life will be limited to an amount not to exceed 25% of the amount by which net proceeds from this offering and any private offering of our common stock for a given month exceed the amount of repurchases for such month pursuant to our share repurchase plan. In addition, we will not repurchase any Class E units from Sun Life during any period that the full amount of all shares of our common stock requested to be repurchased under our share repurchase plan are not repurchased or our share repurchase plan has been suspended.
Q:
Will I receive distributions and how often?
​
A:
We expect to pay regular monthly distributions commencing with the first full calendar quarter after we commence substantial operations. Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our board of directors, considering factors such as our earnings, cash flow, capital needs and general financial condition and the requirements of Maryland law. As a result, our distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time. Share repurchases under our share repurchase plan are effectuated as of the opening of the last calendar day of each month and we intend to declare monthly distributions with a record date as of the close of business of the last calendar day of each month. You will not be entitled to receive a distribution if your shares are repurchased prior to the applicable time of the record date.
​
Our board of directors’ discretion as to the payment of distributions will be directed, in substantial part, by its determination to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we generally are required to make aggregate annual distributions to our
 
16

 
stockholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gains. See “Description of Capital Stock — Distribution Policy” and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
The per share amount of distributions on Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares will likely differ because of different allocations of class-specific stockholder servicing fees. Specifically, distributions on Class T shares and Class S shares will be lower than Class D shares, and Class D shares will be lower than Class I shares because we are required to pay higher ongoing stockholder servicing fees with respect to the Class T shares and Class S shares (compared to Class D shares and Class I shares) and we are required to pay higher ongoing stockholder servicing fees with respect to Class D shares (compared to Class I shares).
There is no assurance we will pay distributions in any particular amount, if at all. We may fund any distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of or repayments under our assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources. The extent to which we fund distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan, the extent to which the Adviser elects to receive its management fee in Class E shares, Class I shares, Class E units or Class I units and the Special Limited Partner elects to receive distributions on its performance participation interest in Class I units or Class E units, how quickly we invest the proceeds from this and any future offering and the performance of our investments, including our real estate debt portfolio. Funding distributions from borrowings, offering proceeds, the sale of our assets, and repayments of our real estate debt investments will result in us having less funds available to acquire properties or other real estate-related investments. As a result, the return you realize on your investment may be reduced. Doing so may also negatively impact our ability to generate cash flows. Likewise, funding distributions from the sale of additional securities will dilute your interest in us on a percentage basis and may impact the value of your investment especially if we sell these securities at prices less than the price you paid for your shares.
Q:
Will the distributions I receive be taxable as ordinary income?
​
A:
Generally, distributions that you receive, including cash distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Dividends received from REITs are generally not eligible to be taxed at the lower U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to individuals for “qualified dividends” from C corporations (i.e., corporations generally subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax). However, for taxable years ending before January 1, 2026, individual taxpayers may be entitled to claim a deduction in determining their taxable income of 20% of ordinary REIT dividends (dividends other than capital gain dividends and dividends attributable to certain qualified dividend income received by us), which temporarily reduces the effective tax rate on such dividends.
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We may designate a portion of distributions as capital gain dividends taxable at capital gain rates to the extent we recognize net capital gains from sales of assets. In addition, a portion of your distributions may be considered return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Amounts considered a return of capital generally will not be subject to tax, but will instead reduce the tax basis of your investment. This, in effect, defers a portion of your tax until your shares are repurchased, you sell your shares or we are liquidated, at which time you generally will be taxed at capital gains rates. Because each investor’s tax position is different, you should consult with your tax advisor. In particular, non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors regarding potential withholding taxes on distributions that you receive. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Q:
May I reinvest my cash distributions in additional shares?
​
A:
Yes. We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan whereby stockholders (other than Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont and Washington investors and clients of certain participating broker-dealers that do not permit automatic enrollment in our distribution reinvestment plan) will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock unless
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they elect to receive their distributions in cash. Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont and Washington investors and clients of certain participating broker-dealers that do not permit automatic enrollment in our distribution reinvestment plan will automatically receive their distributions in cash unless they elect to have their cash distributions reinvested in additional shares of our common stock. If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, the cash distributions attributable to the class of shares that you own will be automatically invested in additional shares of the same class. The purchase price for shares purchased under our distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the transaction price for such shares at the time the distribution is payable. Stockholders will not pay upfront selling commissions when purchasing shares under our distribution reinvestment plan; however, all outstanding Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares, including those purchased under our distribution reinvestment plan, will be subject to ongoing stockholder servicing fees. Participants may terminate their participation in the distribution reinvestment plan with ten business days’ prior written notice to us. See “Description of Capital Stock — Distribution Reinvestment Plan” for more information regarding the reinvestment of distributions you may receive from us. For the complete terms of the distribution reinvestment plan, see Appendix B to this prospectus.
Q:
Can I request that my shares be repurchased?
​
A:
Yes. However, while stockholders may request on a monthly basis that we repurchase all or any portion of their shares pursuant to our share repurchase plan, we are not obligated to repurchase any shares and may choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular month in our discretion. In addition, our ability to fulfill repurchase requests is subject to a number of limitations. As a result, share repurchases may not be available each month. Under our share repurchase plan, to the extent we choose to repurchase shares in any particular month, we will only repurchase shares as of the opening of the last calendar day of that month (each such date, a “Repurchase Date”). Repurchases will be made at the transaction price in effect on the Repurchase Date, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be repurchased at 95% of the transaction price (an “Early Repurchase Deduction”). The one-year holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. Additionally, stockholders who have received shares of our common stock in exchange for their Operating Partnership units may include the period of time such stockholder held such Operating Partnership units for purposes of calculating the holding period for such shares of our common stock. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death or qualified disability of the holder and in other limited circumstances. To have your shares repurchased, your repurchase request and required documentation must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month. Settlements of share repurchases will be made within three business days of the Repurchase Date. The Early Repurchase Deduction will not apply to shares acquired through our distribution reinvestment plan. An investor may withdraw its repurchase request by notifying the transfer agent before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the last business day of the Repurchase Date. We will begin the share repurchase plan, if at all, in the first month of the first full calendar quarter following the commencement of this offering.
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The aggregate NAV of total repurchases of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class E shares and Class I shares (including repurchases at certain non-U.S. investor access funds primarily created to hold shares of our common stock, if any, but excluding any Early Repurchase Deduction applicable to the repurchased shares) will be limited to no more than 2% of our aggregate NAV per month (measured using the aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding month) and no more than 5% of our aggregate NAV per calendar quarter (measured using the average aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding three months).
In the event that we determine to repurchase some but not all of the shares submitted for repurchase during any month, shares repurchased at the end of the month will be repurchased on a pro rata basis after we have repurchased all shares for which repurchase has been requested due to death, disability or divorce and other limited exceptions. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted after the start of the next month or quarter, or upon the recommencement of the share repurchase plan, as applicable.
 
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Our approach to portfolio construction is to maintain a portfolio consisting predominately of income-oriented, stabilized industrial warehouse and logistics properties and, to a lesser extent, in real estate-related assets, which may include cash, cash equivalents and other short-term investments. The vast majority of our assets will consist of properties that cannot generally be readily liquidated without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition. Therefore, we may not always have sufficient liquid resources to satisfy repurchase requests. In order to provide liquidity for share repurchases, we intend to, subject to any limitations and requirements relating to our intention to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, generally maintain under normal circumstances an allocation to securities, cash, cash equivalents and other short-term investments, which may be up to 20% of our overall NAV. We may fund repurchase requests from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, borrowings, offering net proceeds, the sale of our assets, and return of capital, and we have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources. Should repurchase requests, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real estate or other investments rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Company as a whole, then we may choose to repurchase fewer shares than have been requested to be repurchased, or none at all. Further, our board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend for any period of time or indefinitely our share repurchase plan if it deems in its reasonable judgment such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders. Upon suspension of our share repurchase plan, our share repurchase plan requires our board of directors to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the plan is in the best interest of the Company and its stockholders; however, we are not required to authorize the recommencement of the share repurchase plan within any specified period of time. As a result, your ability to have your shares repurchased by us may be limited and at times you may not be able to liquidate your investment. Our board of directors cannot terminate (but may suspend) our share repurchase plan absent a liquidity event which results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. If the transaction price for the applicable month is not made available by the tenth business day prior to the last business day of the month (or is changed after such date), then no repurchase requests will be accepted for such month and stockholders who wish to have their shares repurchased the following month must resubmit their repurchase requests. See “Share Repurchases — Repurchase Limitations.”
Q:
Will I be notified of how my investment is doing?
​
A:
Yes. We will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment with us, including:
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•
three quarterly financial reports and investor statements;
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an annual report;
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in the case of certain U.S. stockholders, an annual Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 1099-DIV or IRS Form 1099-B, if required, and, in the case of non-U.S. stockholders, an annual IRS Form 1042-S;
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•
confirmation statements (after transactions affecting your balance, except reinvestment of distributions in us and certain transactions through minimum account investment or withdrawal programs); and
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•
a quarterly statement providing material information regarding your participation in the distribution reinvestment plan and an annual statement providing tax information with respect to income earned on shares under the distribution reinvestment plan for the calendar year.
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Depending on legal requirements, we may post this information on our website, www.bgoireit.com, or provide this information to you via U.S. mail or other courier, electronic delivery, or some combination of the foregoing. Information about us will also be available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Our monthly NAV per share for each class will be posted on our website promptly after it has become available.
 
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Q:
What fees do you pay to the Adviser and its affiliates?
​
A:
We will pay the Adviser, the Special Limited Partner, the Dealer Manager and their affiliates the fees and expense reimbursements described below in connection with performing services for us.
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We do not intend to pay the Adviser or its affiliates any separate fees for property acquisitions, dispositions, financings (except interest and other payments to the lender in cases where the lender is an affiliate of the Adviser) or development, or adopt a long-term incentive plan, although our charter permits us to do so, subject to certain limitations. We will, however, reimburse the Adviser and its affiliates for out-of-pocket and other expenses related to the foregoing activities to the extent such expenses are paid by the Adviser and its affiliates.
Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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Organization and Offering Activities
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Upfront Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees —  The Dealer Manager ​ ​ The Dealer Manager will be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.0%, and upfront dealer manager fees of 0.5%, of the transaction price of each Class T share sold in the primary offering, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price. The Dealer Manager will be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.5% of the transaction price of each Class S share sold in the primary offering. The Dealer Manager may be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 1.5% of the transaction price of each Class D share sold in the primary offering. The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, the purchase price per share for each class of our common stock will vary and will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such class, as determined monthly, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees ​ ​ The actual amount will depend on the number of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares sold and the transaction price of each Class T share, Class S share and Class D share. Aggregate upfront selling commissions will equal approximately $77.6 million, and aggregate dealer manager fees will equal approximately $4.8 million if we sell the maximum amount, in each case, in our primary offering, assuming 1/4 of our offering proceeds are from the sale of each of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares, respectively, and that the transaction prices of our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares remain constant at $10.00. ​
 
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers.
No upfront selling commissions or dealer manager fees will be paid with respect to purchases of Class I shares or shares of any class sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
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Stockholder Servicing Fees —
The Dealer Manager
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Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we will pay the Dealer Manager selling commissions over time as stockholder servicing fees for ongoing services rendered to stockholders by participating broker-dealers or broker-dealers servicing investors’ accounts, referred to as servicing broker-dealers:
•
 with respect to our outstanding Class T shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class T shares, consisting of an advisor stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class T shares, however, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the investment professional stockholder servicing fee and the dealer stockholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares;
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•
 with respect to our outstanding Class S shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class S shares; and
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•
 with respect to our outstanding Class D shares equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class D shares.
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We will not pay a stockholder servicing fee with respect to our outstanding Class E shares or Class I
​ ​ Actual amounts depend upon the per share NAVs of our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares, the number of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares purchased and when such shares are purchased. For each of Class T shares and Class S shares, the stockholder servicing fees will equal approximately $8.2 million per annum if we sell the maximum amount. For Class D shares, the stockholder servicing fees will equal approximately $2.5 million per annum if we sell the maximum amount. In each case, we are assuming that, in our primary offering, 1/4 of our offering proceeds are from the sale of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares and that the NAV per share of our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares remains constant at $10.00 and none of our stockholders participate in our distribution reinvestment plan. ​
 
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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shares, and as a result, it is a class-specific expense. We will pay stockholder servicing fees with respect to outstanding Class D shares, Class S shares and Class T shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
The stockholder servicing fees will be paid monthly in arrears. The Dealer Manager will reallow (pay) the stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and will waive stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services. Because the stockholder servicing fees are calculated based on our NAV for our Class T, Class S and Class D shares, they will reduce the NAV or, alternatively, the distributions payable, with respect to the shares of each such class, including shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan.
We will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee with respect to any Class T share, Class S share or Class D share held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to the shares held by such stockholder within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% (or, in the case of Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, a lower limit as set forth in the applicable agreement between the Dealer Manager and a participating broker-dealer at the time such Class T shares were issued) of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan with respect thereto) (collectively, the
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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“Fee Limit”). At the end of such month, each such Class T share, Class S share or Class D share will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share (the “Share Conversion”). Although we cannot predict the length of time over which the stockholder servicing fee will be paid due to potential changes in the NAV of our shares, this fee would be paid with respect to a Class T share (in the case of a limit of 8.75% of gross proceeds) or Class S share over approximately 7 years from the date of purchase and with respect to a Class D share over approximately 30 years from the date of purchase, assuming payment of the full upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, opting out of the distribution reinvestment plan and a constant NAV of $10.00 per share. Under these assumptions, if a stockholder holds his or her shares for these time periods, this fee with respect to a Class T share or Class S share would total approximately $0.56 and with respect to a Class D share would total approximately $0.74.
In addition, we will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee on the Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including upfront selling commissions, the stockholder servicing fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering.
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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​ ​ ​ For a description of the services required from the participating broker-dealer or servicing broker-dealer, see the “Plan of Distribution — Underwriting Compensation — Stockholder Servicing Fees — Class T, Class S and Class D Shares. ​ ​ ​ ​
Organization and Offering Expense Reimbursement —  The Adviser ​ ​ The Adviser will advance our organization and offering expenses associated with this offering that it incurs on our behalf (including legal, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses of participating broker-dealers supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of our escrow agent and transfer agent, and expense reimbursements for actual costs incurred by employees of the Dealer Manager in the performance of wholesaling activities, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and the stockholder servicing fee) through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. We will reimburse the Adviser for all such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months following the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. Such reimbursement may be paid, at the Adviser’s election, in cash, Class E shares, Class I shares, Class E units or Class I units, or any combination thereof. If the Adviser elects to receive any portion of such reimbursement in shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units, we may repurchase such shares or units from the Adviser at a later date. Such shares of our common stock and Operating Partnership units that are subsequently converted to shares of our common stock that the Adviser receives in lieu of cash will not be subject to the repurchase limits of our ​ ​ We estimate our organization and offering expenses to be approximately $25.3 million if we sell the maximum offering amount. ​
 
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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share repurchase plan or any Early Repurchase Deduction. Wholesaling compensation expenses of persons associated with the Dealer Manager will be paid by the Adviser without reimbursement from us.
After the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering, we will reimburse the Adviser for any organization and offering expenses that it incurs on our behalf as and when incurred. After the termination of the primary offering and again after termination of the offering under our distribution reinvestment plan, the Adviser has agreed to reimburse us to the extent that the organization and offering expenses that we incur exceed 15% of our gross proceeds from the applicable offering.
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Investment Activities
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Acquisition Expense Reimbursement — The Adviser ​ ​ We do not intend to pay the Adviser any acquisition, financing (except interest payments to the lender in cases where the lender is an affiliate of the Adviser) or other similar fees in connection with making investments. We will, however, reimburse the Adviser for out-of-pocket expenses in connection with the selection and acquisition of properties and real estate-related assets, whether or not such investments are acquired, and make payments to third parties or certain of the Adviser’s affiliates in connection with making investments as described in “— Fees from Other Services — Affiliates of the Adviser” below. ​ ​ Actual amounts are dependent upon actual expenses incurred and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. ​
 
25

 
Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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Operational Activities
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Management Fee — The Adviser ​ ​
We will pay the Adviser a management fee equal to 1.25% of NAV for the Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares per annum payable monthly. Additionally, to the extent that the Operating Partnership issues Operating Partnership units to parties other than us, the Operating Partnership will pay the Adviser a management fee equal to 1.25% of the NAV of the Operating Partnership attributable to such Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I Operating Partnership units not held by us per annum payable monthly. We will not pay the Adviser a management fee with respect to the Class E shares or Class E units and, as a result, it is a class-specific expense.
The management fee may be paid, at the Adviser’s election, in cash, Class E shares, Class I shares, Class E units or Class I units of the Operating Partnership, or a combination thereof. To the extent that the Adviser elects to receive any portion of its management fee in shares of our common stock or units of the Operating Partnership, we may repurchase such shares or units from the Adviser at a later date. Shares of our common stock and units of the Operating Partnership obtained by the Adviser will not be subject to the repurchase limits of our share repurchase plan or any Early Repurchase Deduction.
The Operating Partnership will repurchase any such Operating Partnership units for cash unless our board of directors determines that any such repurchase for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, in which case such Operating Partnership units will be repurchased for shares of our common stock with an equivalent aggregate NAV. The Adviser and the
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Actual amounts of the management fee depend upon our aggregate NAV. The management fee attributed to the shares sold in this offering will equal approximately $49 million per annum if we sell the maximum amount in our primary offering, assuming that the NAV per share of each class of our common stock remains constant at $10.00 and before giving effect to any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan.
Actual amounts of out-of-pocket expenses paid by the Adviser that we reimburse are dependent upon actual expenses incurred and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time.
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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Special Limited Partner will have the option of exchanging any class of shares obtained in respect of its management fee or performance participation allocation for an equivalent aggregate NAV amount of any other class of shares.
In addition to the organization and offering expense and acquisition expense reimbursements described above, we will reimburse the Adviser for out-of-pocket costs and expenses it incurs in connection with the services it provides to us, including, but not limited to, (1) the actual cost of goods and services used by us and obtained from third parties or certain affiliates of the Adviser (subject to approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors), including fees paid to administrators, consultants, attorneys, technology providers and other service providers, and brokerage fees paid in connection with the purchase and sale of investments and securities, (2) expenses of managing and operating our properties, whether payable to an affiliate or a non-affiliated person and (3) expenses related to the personnel of the Adviser performing services for us other than those who provide investment advisory services or serve as our directors or officers. See “Management — The Advisory Agreement — Management Fee, Performance Participation and Expense Reimbursements.”
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Performance Participation Allocation — The Special Limited Partner ​ ​ So long as the Advisory Agreement has not been terminated, the Special Limited Partner holds a performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership that entitles it to receive an allocation from the Operating Partnership equal to 12.5% of the Total Return, subject to a 5% Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark, with a Catch-Up (each term as defined herein). Such allocation will be measured on a calendar year basis, ​ ​ Actual amounts of the performance participation depend upon the Operating Partnership’s actual annual total return and, therefore, cannot be calculated at this time. ​
 
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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made quarterly and accrued monthly. The performance participation interest is not paid on the Class E units, and as a result, it is a class-specific expense.
For a detailed explanation of how the performance participation allocation is calculated, see “Summary of Our Operating Partnership Agreement —  Special Limited Partner Interest.” For a hypothetical calculation of the performance participation calculation, see “Compensation —  Performance Participation Allocation Example.”
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Fees from Other Services —
Affiliates of the Adviser
​ ​ We may retain certain of the Adviser’s affiliates, from time to time, for services relating to our investments (including both our real estate investments and real estate-related assets) or our operations, which may include accounting and audit services (including valuation support services), account management services, corporate secretarial services, data management services, directorship services, information technology services, finance/budget services, human resources, judicial processes, legal services, operational services, risk management services, tax services, treasury services, loan management services, construction management services, property management services, leasing services, property, title and/or other types of insurance and related services, transaction support services, transaction consulting services and other similar investment and operational matters. The Operating Partnership or its subsidiary may also issue equity incentive compensation to certain employees of such affiliates for services provided. Any compensation paid to the Adviser’s affiliates for any such services will not reduce the management fee or performance participation allocation. Any such arrangements will be at or below market rates. For more information ​ ​ Actual amounts depend on to what extent affiliates of the Adviser are actually engaged to perform such services. ​
 
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Type of Compensation and Recipient
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Determination of Amount
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Estimated Amount
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​ ​ ​ about such services, please see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest — The Adviser may face conflicts of interests in choosing our service providers and certain service providers may provide services to the Dealer Manager, the Adviser or BGO on more favorable terms than those provided to us.” ​ ​ ​ ​
In calculating the management fee, we will use our NAV before giving effect to accruals for the management fee, performance participation allocation, stockholder servicing fees or distributions payable on our shares. In calculating our stockholder servicing fee, we will use our NAV before giving effect to accruals for the stockholder servicing fee or distributions payable on our shares.
Commencing with the first four fiscal quarters after the commencement of this offering, our Total Operating Expenses, including any performance participation allocation made to the Special Limited Partner with respect to its performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership, will be limited during any four fiscal quarters to the greater of (a) 2.0% of our Average Invested Assets and (b) 25.0% of our Net Income. This limit may be exceeded only if our independent directors have made a finding that, based on such unusual and non-recurring factors as they deem sufficient, a higher level of expenses is justified, and such finding is recorded in the minutes of a meeting of the independent directors. For purposes of these limits:
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“Total Operating Expenses” are all costs and expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, including the management fee and the performance participation, but excluding: (i) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and listing of our capital stock, (ii)  interest payments, (iii) taxes, (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves, (v) incentive fees paid in compliance with our charter, (vi) acquisition fees and acquisition expenses related to the selection and acquisition of assets, whether or not a property is actually acquired, (vii) real estate commissions on the sale of property and (viii) other fees and expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, mortgage loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property), including property-level expenses incurred at each property.
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“Average Invested Assets” means, for any period, the average of the aggregate book value of our assets, invested, directly or indirectly, in equity interests in and loans secured by real estate, including all properties, mortgages and real estate-related securities and consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures or other partnerships, before deducting depreciation, amortization, impairments, bad debt reserves or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.
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“Net Income” means, for any period, total revenues applicable to such period, less the total expenses applicable to such period other than additions to, or allowances for, non-cash charges such as depreciation, amortization, impairments and reserves for bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves.
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See “Management — The Advisory Agreement — Management Fee, Performance Participation and Expense Reimbursements.”
Q:
What are your policies related to conflicts of interests with BGO and its affiliates?
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A:
Businesses or Services Provided by the Adviser to Others.   The Advisory Agreement provides that it does not (i) prevent the Adviser or any of its affiliates, officers, directors or employees from engaging in other businesses or from rendering services of any kind to any other person or entity, whether or not the investment objectives or guidelines of any such other person or entity are similar to those of ours,
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including, without limitation, the sponsoring, closing and/or managing of any Other BGO Accounts, (ii) in any way bind or restrict the Adviser or any of its affiliates, officers, directors or employees from buying, selling or trading any securities or commodities for their own accounts or for the account of others for whom the Adviser or any of its affiliates, officers, directors or employees may be acting or (iii) prevent the Adviser or any of its affiliates from receiving fees or other compensation or profits from activities described in clauses (i) or (ii) above which will be for the Adviser’s (and/or its affiliates’) sole benefit. In particular, there will be overlap of real estate and real estate debt investment opportunities with certain Other BGO Accounts that are actively investing and similar overlap with future Other BGO Accounts.
Allocation of Future Investment Opportunities.   The Advisory Agreement acknowledges that, while information and recommendations supplied to us shall, in the Adviser’s reasonable and good faith judgment, be appropriate under the circumstances and in light of our investment guidelines, such information and recommendations may be different in certain material respects from the information and recommendations supplied by the Adviser or its affiliates to others (including, for greater certainty, the Other BGO Accounts and their investors, as described below). In addition, as acknowledged in the Advisory Agreement, affiliates of the Adviser advise and/or manage one or more Other BGO Accounts and we expect will in the future sponsor, advise and/or manage additional Other BGO Accounts. This overlap will from time to time create conflicts of interest. Additionally, in certain circumstances investment opportunities suitable for us will not be presented to us and there will be one or more investment opportunities where our participation is restricted.
BGO believes our investment objectives, guidelines and strategy are generally distinct from Other BGO Accounts. Accordingly, we expect there will be sufficient investment opportunities for us within our investment guidelines because of the scale of the real estate market. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, we have acknowledged and/or agreed that (i) as part of BGO’s or its affiliates’ regular businesses, personnel of the Adviser and its affiliates will from time to time work on other projects and matters (including with respect to one or more Other BGO Accounts), and that conflicts may arise with respect to the allocation of personnel between us and one or more Other BGO Accounts and/or the Adviser and such other affiliates, (ii) unless prohibited by our charter, Other BGO Accounts may invest, from time to time, in investments in which we also invest (including at a different level of an issuer’s capital structure (e.g., an investment by an Other BGO Account in a debt or mezzanine interest with respect to the same portfolio entity in which we own an equity interest or vice versa) or in a different tranche of equity or debt with respect to an issuer in which we have an interest) and while BGO and its affiliates will seek to resolve any such conflicts in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among Other BGO Accounts generally, such transactions are not required to be presented to our board of directors or any committee thereof for approval (unless otherwise required by our charter or investment guidelines), and there can be no assurance that any conflicts will be resolved in our favor, (iii) the Adviser’s affiliates may from time to time receive fees from portfolio entities or other issuers for the arranging, underwriting, syndication or refinancing of investments or other additional fees, including fees related to administrative services, construction, special servicing, leasing, development, property oversight and other property management services, as well as services related to mortgage servicing, group purchasing, healthcare, consulting/brokerage, capital markets/credit origination, loan servicing, property, title and other types of insurance, management consulting and other similar operational matters, including with respect to Other BGO Accounts and related portfolio entities, and while such fees may give rise to conflicts of interest we will not receive the benefit of any such fees, and (v) the terms and conditions of the governing agreements of such Other BGO Accounts (including with respect to the economic, reporting, and other rights afforded to investors in such Other BGO Accounts) are materially different from the terms and conditions applicable to us and our stockholders, and neither we nor any of our stockholders (in such capacity) will have the right to receive the benefit of any such different terms applicable to investors in such Other BGO Accounts as a result of an investment in us or otherwise. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is required to keep our board of directors reasonably informed on a periodic basis in connection with the foregoing.
Transactions with any BGO Account or Affiliate.   Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, and subject to applicable law, the Adviser is not permitted to consummate on our behalf any transaction
 
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that involves (i) the sale of any investment to or (ii) the acquisition of any investment from BGO, any BGO Account or any of their affiliates unless such transaction is approved by a majority of our directors, including a majority of independent directors, not otherwise interested in such transaction as being fair and reasonable to us. In addition, for any such acquisition by us, our purchase price will be limited to the cost of the property to the affiliate, including acquisition-related expenses, or if substantial justification exists, the current appraised value of the property as determined by an independent expert. In addition, we may enter into joint ventures with Other BGO Accounts, or with BGO, the Adviser, one or more of our directors, or any of their respective affiliates, only if a majority of our directors (including a majority of our independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and on substantially the same, or more favorable, terms and conditions as those received by other joint venture partners. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, it is agreed that the Adviser will seek to resolve any conflicts of interest in a fair and reasonable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among Other BGO Accounts generally, but only those transactions set forth in this paragraph will be expressly required to be presented for approval to the independent directors of our board of directors or any committee thereof (unless otherwise required by our charter or our investment guidelines).
Corporate Opportunities.   Our board of directors has adopted a resolution that provides, subject to certain exceptions, that none of BGO or its affiliates, any of our directors or any person that any of our directors control will be required to refrain directly or indirectly from engaging in any business opportunity, including any business opportunity in the same or similar business activities or lines of business in which we or any of our affiliates may from time to time be engaged or propose to engage, or from competing with us, and that we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any such business opportunity, unless offered to a person in his or her capacity as one of our directors or officers and intended exclusively for us or any of our subsidiaries.
Q:
Are there any limitations on the level of ownership of shares?
​
A:
Our charter contains restrictions on the number of shares any one person or group may own. Specifically, our charter will not permit any person or group to own more than 9.9% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common stock or of our outstanding capital stock of all classes or series, and attempts to acquire our common stock or our capital stock of all other classes or series in excess of these 9.9% limits would not be effective without an exemption from these limits (prospectively or retroactively) by our board of directors. These limits may be further reduced if our board of directors waives these limits for certain holders. See “Description of Capital Stock —  Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” These restrictions are designed, among other purposes, to enable us to comply with ownership restrictions imposed on REITs by the Code, and may have the effect of preventing a third party from engaging in a business combination or other transaction even if doing so would result in you receiving a “premium” for your shares. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Our Organizational Structure” for additional discussion regarding restrictions on share ownership.
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Q:
Are there any ERISA considerations in connection with an investment in our shares?
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A:
The section in this prospectus captioned “Certain ERISA Considerations” describes certain considerations relating to the purchase of shares by each prospective investor that is, or is acting on behalf of, (i) an “employee benefit plan” ​(within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) that is subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii) a “plan” described in Section 4975 of the Code that is subject to Section 4975 of the Code (including, without limitation, an individual retirement account (“IRA”) and a “Keogh” plan), (iii) a plan, fund, account or other arrangement that is subject to the provisions of any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to the fiduciary responsibility or prohibited transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (collectively, “Similar Laws”), or (iv) an entity whose underlying assets are considered to include the assets of any of the foregoing described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), pursuant to ERISA or otherwise (each of the foregoing described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) we refer to as a “Plan”).
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​
 
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Each prospective investor that is, or is acting on behalf of, a Plan must independently determine whether our shares of common stock are an appropriate investment for the Plan, taking into account the investor’s and the Plan’s obligations under the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and any applicable Similar Laws, and the facts and circumstances of such investing Plan, including for example: (1) whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan; (2) whether the investment satisfies the fiduciary requirements associated with the Plan; (3) whether the investment will generate unrelated business taxable income to the Plan; (4) whether there is sufficient liquidity for that investment in the common stock for the Plan; (5) the need to value the assets of the Plan annually or more frequently; and (6) whether the investment would constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Title I of ERISA or Section the Code, or a similar violation under applicable Similar Laws. See also “Risk Factors — Retirement Plan Risks” and “Certain ERISA Considerations.”
Prospective investors that are, or are acting on behalf of any, Plans should consult with their own legal, tax, financial and other advisors prior to investing to review these implications in light of such investor’s particular circumstances. The sale of our common stock to any Plan is in no respect a representation by us or any other person associated with the offering of our shares of common stock that such an investment meets all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by Plans generally or any particular Plan, or that such an investment is appropriate for Plans generally or any particular Plan.
Q:
Are there any Investment Company Act of 1940 considerations?
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A:
We intend to engage primarily in the business of investing in real estate and to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. A company is an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act:
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•
under Section 3(a)(1)(A), if it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; or
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•
under Section 3(a)(1)(C), if it is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns, or proposes to acquire, “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the “40% test.” The term “investment securities” generally includes all securities except U.S. government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exemption from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.
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We intend to acquire real estate and real estate-related assets directly, primarily by acquiring fee interests in real property. We may also invest in real property indirectly through investments in joint venture entities, including joint venture entities in which we do not own a controlling interest and joint venture entities in which Other BGO Accounts may invest. We plan to conduct our businesses primarily through the Operating Partnership, a majority-owned subsidiary, and expect to establish other direct or indirect majority-owned subsidiaries to hold particular assets.
We intend to conduct our operations so that we and most, if not all, of our wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries will comply with the 40% test. We will continuously monitor our holdings on an ongoing basis to determine compliance with this test. We expect that most, if not all, of our wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be relying on exemptions under either Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. Consequently, interests in these subsidiaries (which are expected to constitute a substantial majority of our assets) generally will not constitute “investment securities.” Accordingly, we believe that we and most, if not all, of our wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be considered investment companies under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
In addition, we believe that neither we nor any of our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries will be considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because they will not engage primarily or hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, we and our subsidiaries will be primarily engaged
 
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in non-investment company businesses related to real estate. Consequently, we expect to be able to conduct our subsidiaries’ respective operations such that none of them will be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
We will determine whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of our Company. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act defines voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat entities in which we own at least 50% of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. We have not requested that the SEC or its staff approve our treatment of any entity as a majority-owned subsidiary, and neither has done so. If the SEC or its staff was to disagree with our treatment of one or more subsidiary entities as majority-owned subsidiaries, we would need to adjust our strategy and our assets in order to continue to pass the 40% test. Any adjustment in our strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
If we or any of our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries would ever inadvertently fall within one of the definitions of “investment company,” we intend to rely on the exemption provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” The SEC staff has taken the position that this exemption, in addition to prohibiting the issuance of certain types of securities, generally requires that at least 55% of an entity’s assets must be comprised of mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate, also known as “qualifying assets,” and at least another 25% of the entity’s assets must be comprised of additional qualifying assets or a broader category of assets that we refer to as “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act (and no more than 20% of the entity’s assets may be comprised of miscellaneous assets).
We will classify our assets for purposes of our 3(c)(5)(C) exemption based upon no-action positions taken by the SEC staff and interpretive guidance provided by the SEC and its staff. These no-action positions are based on specific factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than twenty years ago. No assurance can be given that the SEC or its staff will concur with our classification of our assets. In addition, the SEC or its staff may, in the future, issue further guidance that may require us to re-classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act. If we are required to re-classify our assets, we may no longer be in compliance with the exemption from the definition of an investment company provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
For purposes of determining whether we satisfy the 55%/25% test, based on certain no-action letters issued by the SEC staff, we intend to classify our fee interests in real property, held by us directly or through our wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries, as qualifying assets. In addition, based on no-action letters issued by the SEC staff, we will treat our investments in any joint ventures that in turn invest in qualifying assets such as real property as qualifying assets, but only if we are active in the management and operation of the joint venture and have the right to approve major decisions by the joint venture; otherwise, they will be classified as real estate-related assets. We will not participate in joint ventures in which we do not have or share control to the extent that we believe such participation would potentially threaten our status as a non-investment company exempt from the Investment Company Act. This may prevent us from receiving an allocation with respect to certain investment opportunities that are suitable for both us and one or more Other BGO Accounts. We expect that no less than 55% of our assets will consist of investments in real property, including any joint ventures that we control or in which we share control.
Qualifying for an exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act will limit our ability to make certain investments. For example, these restrictions may limit our and our subsidiaries’ ability to invest directly in mortgage-backed securities that represent less than the entire ownership in a pool of mortgage loans, debt and equity tranches of securitizations and certain asset-backed securities, non-controlling equity interests in real estate companies or in assets not related to real estate.
 
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Although we intend to monitor our portfolio, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this exemption from registration.
A change in the value of any of our assets could negatively affect our ability to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act. To maintain compliance with the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exemption, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to acquire assets that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy.
To the extent that the SEC or its staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the definition of investment company and the exemptions to that definition, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. On August 31, 2011, the SEC issued a concept release and request for comments regarding the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exemption (Release No. IC-29778) in which it contemplated the possibility of issuing new rules or providing new interpretations of the exemption that might, among other things, define the phrase “liens on and other interests in real estate” or consider sources of income in determining a company’s “primary business.” Any additional guidance from the SEC or its staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.
If we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to use borrowings), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act), and portfolio composition, including disclosure requirements and restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration, and other matters. Compliance with the Investment Company Act would, accordingly, limit our ability to make certain investments and require us to significantly restructure our business plan. For additional discussion of the risks that we would face if we were required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Our Organizational Structure — Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.”
Q:
What is the impact of being an “emerging growth company”?
​
A:
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined by the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
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•
have an auditor attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”);
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•
submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes pursuant to the “say on frequency” and “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended (the “Dodd-Frank Act”); or
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•
disclose certain executive compensation related items, such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
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In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means that an emerging growth company can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies.
 
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We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of: (1) the last date of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of $1.07 billion or more; (2) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined under Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
We do not believe that being an emerging growth company will have a significant impact on our business or this offering. Also, because we are not a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer under Section 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and will not be for so long as our shares of common stock are not traded on a securities exchange, we will not be subject to auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act even once we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, so long as we are externally managed by the Adviser and we do not directly compensate our executive officers, or reimburse the Adviser or its affiliates for the salaries, bonuses, benefits and severance payments for persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the Adviser, we do not expect to include disclosures relating to executive compensation in our periodic reports or proxy statements and, as a result, do not expect to be required to seek stockholder approval of executive compensation and golden parachute compensation arrangements pursuant to Section 14A(a) and (b) of the Exchange Act.
Q:
When will I get my detailed tax information?
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A:
In the case of certain U.S. stockholders, we expect your IRS Form 1099-DIV tax information, if required, to be mailed by January 31 of each year.
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Q:
Who can help answer my questions?
​
A:
If you have more questions about this offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your financial adviser or our transfer agent:
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BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
c/o SS&C GIDS
P.O. Box 219378
Kansas City, MO 64121-9378
 
Overnight Address:
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
c/o SS&C GIDS
430 W 7th St. Suite 219378
Kansas City, MO 64105-1407
 
Toll Free Number: 1-833-360-5519
 
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RISK FACTORS
An investment in shares of our common stock involves risks. You should specifically consider the following material risks in addition to the other information contained in this prospectus before you decide to purchase shares of our common stock. The occurrence of any of the following risks might cause you to lose a significant part of your investment. The risks and uncertainties discussed below are not the only ones we face, but do represent all known material risks and uncertainties that we believe are most significant to our business, operating results, financial condition, prospects and forward-looking statements.
Risks Related to This Offering and Our Organizational Structure
We have no operating history and there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment objectives.
We are a newly formed entity with no operating history and may not be able to achieve our investment objectives. Other than our expected acquisition of the Seed Joint Venture, as of the date of this prospectus, we have not made any investments in real estate or otherwise and do not own any properties or have any operations or financing from sources other than from the Adviser or its affiliates. We cannot assure you that the past experiences of affiliates of the Adviser will be sufficient to allow us to successfully achieve our investment objectives. As a result, an investment in our shares of common stock may entail more risk than the shares of common stock of a REIT with a substantial operating history.
This is a blind pool offering and thus you generally will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them, which makes your investment more speculative.
Other than our expected acquisition of the Seed Joint Venture, we have not yet acquired or identified any investments that we may make and thus are not able to provide you with any information to assist you in evaluating the merits of any specific properties or real estate-related assets that we may acquire, except for investments that may be described in one or more supplements to this prospectus. We will seek to invest substantially all of the net offering proceeds from this offering, after the payment of fees and expenses, in the acquisition of and investment in interests in properties or real estate-related assets. However, because you will be unable to evaluate the economic merit of our investments before we make them, you will have to rely entirely on the ability of the Adviser to select suitable and successful investment opportunities. Furthermore, the Adviser will have broad discretion in selecting the types of properties we will invest in and, subject to applicable law, the tenants of those properties. We may be subject to similar risks in relation to investments made by entities in which we acquire an interest but do not control. These factors increase the risk that your investment may not generate returns comparable to other real estate investment alternatives.
This is a best efforts offering and there are no assurances that this offering will raise substantial capital, which may materially adversely affect our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
This offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis, meaning that the Dealer Manager is only required to use its best efforts to sell our shares of common stock and has no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any shares of our common stock. As a result, the amount of net proceeds we raise in this offering may be substantially less than the amount we would need to achieve a broader portfolio of investments. If we are unable to raise substantial funds in this offering, we will make fewer investments, resulting in less breadth in terms of the type, number, geography and size of investments that we make. In that case, the likelihood that any single asset’s performance would adversely affect our profitability will increase. There is also a greater risk that you will lose money in your investment if we have less breadth in our portfolio. Further, we will have certain fixed operating expenses, including expenses of being a public reporting company, regardless of whether we are able to raise substantial funds. Our inability to raise substantial funds would increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross income, reducing our net income and limiting our ability to make distributions to stockholders.
The Adviser manages our portfolio pursuant to very broad investment guidelines and generally is not required to seek the approval of our board of directors for each investment, financing or asset allocation decision made by it, which may result in our making riskier investments and, in turn, may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our board of directors approved very broad investment guidelines that delegate to the Adviser the authority to execute acquisitions and dispositions of real estate and real estate-related assets on our behalf,
 
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in each case, so long as such investments are consistent with the investment guidelines and our charter. The Adviser will implement on our behalf the strategies and discretionary approaches it believes from time to time may be best suited to prevailing market conditions in furtherance of that purpose, subject to the limitations under our investment guidelines and our charter. There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be successful in implementing any particular strategy or discretionary approach to our investment activities. Our board of directors will review our investment guidelines on an annual basis (or more often as it deems appropriate) and investment portfolio periodically. The prior approval of our board of directors or a committee of independent directors will be required only as set forth in our charter (including for transactions with affiliates of the Adviser) or for the acquisition or disposition of assets that are not in accordance with our investment guidelines. In addition, in conducting periodic reviews, our directors will rely primarily on information provided to them by the Adviser. Furthermore, transactions entered into on our behalf by the Adviser may be costly, difficult or impossible to unwind when they are subsequently reviewed by our board of directors.
There is no public trading market for shares of our common stock; therefore, your ability to dispose of your shares will likely be limited to repurchase by us. If you do sell your shares to us, you may receive less than the price you paid.
There is no current public trading market for shares of our common stock, and we do not expect that such a market will ever develop in the future. Therefore, repurchase of shares of our common stock by us will likely be the only way for you to dispose of your shares. We will repurchase shares at a price equal to the transaction price of the class of shares being repurchased on the date of repurchase (which will generally be equal to our prior month’s NAV per share) and not based on the price at which you initially purchased your shares. Subject to limited exceptions, shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be repurchased at 95% of the transaction price. As a result, you may receive less than the price you paid for your shares when you sell them to us pursuant to our share repurchase plan. See “Share Repurchases — Early Repurchase Deduction.”
Your ability to have your shares repurchased through our share repurchase plan is limited. We may choose to repurchase fewer shares than have been requested to be repurchased, or none at all, in our discretion at any time, and the amount of shares we may repurchase is subject to caps. Further, our board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend for any period of time or indefinitely our share repurchase plan if it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders.
We may choose to repurchase fewer shares than have been requested in any particular month to be repurchased under our share repurchase plan, or none at all, in our discretion at any time. We may repurchase fewer shares than have been requested to be repurchased due to, among other reasons, in our board of directors discretion, lack of readily available funds because of adverse market conditions beyond our control, the need to maintain liquidity for our operations or because we have determined that investing in real property or other illiquid investments is a better use of our capital than repurchasing our shares. In addition, the aggregate NAV of total repurchases (including repurchases at certain non-U.S. investor access funds primarily created to hold shares of our common stock but excluding any Early Repurchase Deduction applicable to the repurchased shares) is limited, in any calendar month, to no more than 2% of our aggregate NAV (measured using the aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding month) and, in any calendar quarter, to shares whose aggregate value is no more than 5% of our aggregate NAV (measured using the average aggregate NAV at the end of the immediately preceding three months). Further, our board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend for any period of time or indefinitely our share repurchase plan if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders. Our board of directors cannot terminate (but may suspend) our share repurchase plan absent a liquidity event that results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. If we do not repurchase the full amount of all shares of our common stock requested to be repurchased in any given month, funds will be allocated pro rata based on the total number of shares of common stock being repurchased without regard to class after we have repurchased all shares for which repurchase has been requested due to death, disability or divorce and other limited exceptions. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted after the start of the next month or quarter, or upon the recommencement of the share repurchase plan, as applicable.
 
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The vast majority of our assets will consist of properties that cannot generally be readily liquidated without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition. Therefore, we may not always have a sufficient amount of cash to immediately satisfy repurchase requests. Should repurchase requests, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real properties or other illiquid investments rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Company as a whole, then we may choose to repurchase fewer shares than have been requested to be repurchased, or none at all. Upon suspension of our share repurchase plan, our share repurchase plan requires our board of directors to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the plan is in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders; however, we are not required to authorize the recommencement of the share repurchase plan within any specified period of time. As a result, your ability to have your shares repurchased by us may be limited and at times you may not be able to liquidate your investment. See “Share Repurchases — Repurchase Limitations.”
Economic events that may cause our stockholders to request that we repurchase their shares may materially adversely affect our cash flow and our results of operations and financial condition.
Economic events affecting the U.S. economy, such as the general negative performance of the real estate sector or disruptions in the public securities markets (including as a result of the recent outbreak of hostilities between Russia and Ukraine), could cause our stockholders to seek repurchase of their shares pursuant to our share repurchase plan at a time when such events are adversely affecting the performance of our assets. Even if we decide to satisfy all resulting repurchase requests, our cash flow could be materially adversely affected. In addition, if we determine to sell assets to satisfy repurchase requests, we may not be able to realize the return on such assets that we may have been able to achieve had we sold at a more favorable time, and our results of operations and financial condition, including, without limitation, breadth and diversification of our portfolio, could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, certain broker-dealers may recommend to their clients that they seek repurchase of some or all of the shares of our common stock that they hold. Any such recommendation may result in a significant volume of repurchase requests in a given period, which may use up capacity under the caps of our share repurchase plan and may result in repurchase requests being fulfilled on pro rata basis.
We face risks associated with the deployment of our capital.
In light of the nature of our continuous public offering in relation to our investment strategy and the need to be able to deploy potentially large amounts of capital quickly to capitalize on potential investment opportunities, if we have difficulty identifying and purchasing suitable properties on attractive terms, there could be a delay between the time we receive net proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock and the time we invest such net proceeds. We may also from time to time hold cash pending deployment into investments or have less than our targeted leverage, which cash or shortfall in targeted leverage may at times be significant, particularly at times when we are receiving high amounts of offering proceeds, during the Ramp-Up Period and/or times when there are few attractive investment opportunities. We may hold such cash in money market accounts or other similar temporary investments, each of which are subject to the management fees payable to the Adviser.
In the event we are unable to find suitable investments, such cash may be maintained for longer periods, which would be dilutive to overall investment returns. This could cause a substantial delay in the time it takes for your investment to realize its full potential return and could adversely affect our ability to pay regular distributions of cash flow from operations to you. It is not anticipated that the temporary investment of such cash into money market accounts or other similar temporary investments pending deployment into investments will generate significant interest, and investors should understand that such low interest payments on the temporarily invested cash may materially adversely affect overall returns. In the event we fail to timely invest the net proceeds from sales of our common stock or do not deploy sufficient capital to meet our targeted leverage, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
 
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If we are unable to successfully integrate investments and manage our growth, our results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.
We may be unable to successfully and efficiently integrate acquired investments into our portfolio or otherwise effectively manage our assets or growth. In addition, increases in the size of our investment portfolio and/or changes in our investment focus may place significant demands on the Adviser’s administrative, operational, asset management, financial and other resources, which could lead to decreased efficiency. Any failure to effectively manage such growth or increase in scale could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The amount and source of distributions we may make to our stockholders is uncertain, and we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flows from our operations to make distributions to our stockholders at any time in the future.
We have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be materially adversely affected by a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the risk factors described in this prospectus. Because we currently have no properties (other than our expected acquisition of the Seed Joint Venture) and have not identified any properties to acquire with the net proceeds of this offering, we may not generate sufficient income to make distributions to our stockholders. Our board of directors (or a committee of our board of directors) will make determinations regarding distributions based upon, among other factors, our financial performance, debt service obligations, debt covenants, REIT qualification and tax requirements and capital expenditure requirements. Among the factors that could impair our ability to make distributions to our stockholders are:
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The limited size of our portfolio during the Ramp-Up Period;
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Our inability to invest the net proceeds from sales of our shares of common stock on a timely basis in income-producing properties;
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Our inability to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns on our investments;
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High levels of expenses or reduced revenues that reduce our cash flow or non-cash earnings; and
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Defaults in our investment portfolio or decreases in the value of our investments.
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As a result, we may not be able to make distributions to our stockholders at any time in the future, and the level of any distributions we do make to our stockholders is unknown, may not increase or even be maintained over time, any of which could materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
We may pay distributions from sources other than our cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, borrowings, offering net proceeds and the sale of or repayments under real estate-related assets, and we have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources.
We may not generate sufficient cash flow from operations to fully fund distributions to stockholders, particularly during the Ramp-Up Period. Therefore, particularly in during the Ramp-Up Period, we may fund distributions to our stockholders from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, borrowings, offering net proceeds (including from sales of our common stock or Operating Partnership units) and the sale of or repayments under real estate-related assets. The extent to which we fund distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including, but not limited to, the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan, the extent to which the Adviser elects to receive its management fee in shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership Units (in lieu of cash) and the Special Limited Partner elects to receive distributions on its performance participation interest in Operating Partnership units (in lieu of cash), how quickly we invest the proceeds from this and any future offering and the performance of our investments, including our portfolio of real estate debt and real estate-related securities. Funding distributions from borrowings, offering net proceeds (including from sales of our common stock or Operating Partnership units) and the sale of or repayments under real estate-related assets will result in us having less funds available to acquire real estate or other real estate-related assets. As a result, the return you realize on your investment may be reduced. Doing so may also negatively impact our ability to generate cash flows. Likewise, funding distributions from the sale of additional shares of our common stock (or other securities convertible into shares of our common stock) will
 
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dilute your interest in us on a percentage basis and may impact the value of your investment especially if we sell these securities at prices less than the price you paid for your shares. We may be required to continue to fund our regular distributions from a combination of some of these sources if our investments fail to perform, if expenses are greater than our revenues or due to numerous other factors. We cannot predict when, if ever, distribution payments sourced from borrowings and from offering net proceeds may occur, and an extended period of such payments would likely be unsustainable. We have not established a limit on the amount of our distributions that may be funded from any of these sources.
To the extent we borrow funds to pay distributions, we would incur borrowing costs (including interest) and these borrowings would require a future repayment. The use of these sources for distributions and the ultimate repayment of any liabilities incurred could adversely impact our ability to pay distributions in future periods, decrease our NAV, decrease the amount of cash we have available for operations and new investments and materially adversely impact the value of your investment.
We may also defer expenses or pay expenses (including management fees payable to the Adviser or distributions to the Special Limited Partner) with shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units to preserve cash flow for the payment of distributions. The ultimate repayment of these deferred expenses could materially adversely affect our operations and reduce the future return on your investment. We may repurchase shares or redeem Operating Partnership units from the Adviser or the Special Limited Partner shortly after issuing such share or units as compensation. The payment of expenses in shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units will dilute your ownership interest in us. There is no guarantee any of our operating expenses will be deferred and the Adviser and Special Limited Partner are under no obligation to receive fees or distributions in shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units and may elect to receive such amounts in cash.
Payments to the Adviser or the Special Limited Partner in the form of shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units, which they elect to receive in lieu of cash in respect of management fees or performance participation interest distributions, will dilute future cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
The Adviser or the Special Limited Partner may elect to receive shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units in lieu of cash in respect of management fees or performance participation interest distributions. The holders of all Operating Partnership units will be entitled to receive cash from operations pro rata with the distributions being paid to us and such distributions to the holder of Operating Partnership units will reduce the cash available for distribution to us and, in turn, to our stockholders. Furthermore, such Operating Partnership units received by the Adviser or the Special Limited Partner are required to be repurchased for cash or shares of our common stock, at the holder’s election, subject to limited exceptions, and we may not have sufficient cash to make such a repurchase payment; therefore, we may need to use cash from operations, borrowings, offering net proceeds or other sources to make the payment, which will reduce cash available for distribution to you or for new investments. Although the Special Limited Partner is required to pay a Quarterly Shortfall Obligation with respect to Operating Partnership units received in connection with distributions of Quarterly Allocations, there is no guarantee this Quarterly Shortfall Obligation will adequately offset the dilutive impacts on us. Repurchases of our shares of common stock or Operating Partnership units paid to the Adviser as a management fee are not subject to our share repurchase plan, including the monthly and quarterly volume limitations and the Early Repurchase Deduction), and, therefore, any such repurchases may receive priority over other repurchase requests relating to shares subject to our repurchase program for any period. The amount of Operating Partnership units issued to the Special Limited Partner may be significant, particularly during periods in which the value of our real estate portfolio appreciates, resulting in higher performance participation allocation. Repurchases of our shares or Operating Partnership units from the Special Limited Partner distributed to the Special Limited Partner with respect to its performance participation interest are not subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction, but, in the case of shares of our common stock (but not Operating Partnership units), such repurchases are subject to the monthly and quarterly volume limitations of our share repurchase program and do not receive priority over other shares subject to repurchase requests during such period.
 
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Purchases and repurchases of shares of our common stock will not be made based on the current NAV per share of our common stock.
Generally, our offering price per share and the price at which we make repurchases of our shares of common stock will equal the NAV per share of the applicable class as of the last calendar day of the prior month, plus, in the case of our offering price, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The NAV per share, if calculated as of the date on which you make your subscription request or repurchase request, may be significantly different than the transaction price you pay or the repurchase price you receive. Certain of our investments or liabilities may be subject to high levels of volatility from time to time and could change in value significantly between the end of the prior month as of which our NAV is determined and the date that you acquire or repurchase our shares, however the prior month’s NAV per share will generally continue to be used as the transaction price per share and repurchase price per share. In exceptional circumstances, we may, in our sole discretion, but are not obligated to, offer and repurchase shares at a different price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of our common stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share, including by updating a previously disclosed transaction price, in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month and we believe an updated price is appropriate. In such exceptional cases, the transaction price and the repurchase price will not equal our NAV per share as of any time.
Valuations and appraisals of our real estate and real estate-related assets are estimates of fair value and may not necessarily correspond to realizable value.
For the purposes of calculating our monthly NAV, our properties will generally initially be valued at cost, which we expect to represent fair value at that time. Each property will be valued by an independent third-party appraisal firm annually. Annual appraisals may be delayed for a short period in exceptional circumstances. Thereafter, valuations of properties will generally be determined by the Adviser based in part on appraisals of each of our properties by independent third-party appraisal firms reviewed by our independent valuation advisor at least once per year and subsequent monthly updates provided by our independent valuation advisor, each in accordance with valuation guidelines approved by our board of directors. The Adviser will value our properties monthly, based on current material market data and other information deemed relevant.
Investments in real estate debt and other real estate-related securities with readily available market quotations will be valued monthly at fair market value. Certain investments, such as mortgages, mezzanine loans, preferred equity or private company investments, are unlikely to have market quotations. In the case of loans we acquire, the initial value will generally be the acquisition price of the loan. In the case of loans we originate, the initial value will generally be the par value of the loan. Each such loan investment will then be valued by the Adviser within the first three full months after we make such investment and no less than quarterly thereafter. Additionally, the Adviser may in its discretion consider material market data and other information that becomes available after the end of the applicable month in valuing our assets and liabilities and calculating our NAV for a particular month. For more information regarding our valuation process, see “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines.”
The valuations are based on asset- and portfolio-level information provided by the Adviser, including historical operating revenues and expenses of the properties, lease agreements on the properties, revenues and expenses of the properties, information regarding recent or planned capital expenditures and any other information relevant to valuing the real property, which information will not be independently verified by our independent valuation advisor. The independent valuation advisor is not responsible for, and does not calculate, our NAV, and the Adviser is ultimately and solely responsible for the determination of our NAV.
Within the parameters of our valuation guidelines, the valuation methodologies used to value our properties and certain of our investments will involve subjective judgments and projections and may not be accurate. Valuation methodologies will also involve assumptions and opinions about future events, which may or may not turn out to be correct. Valuations and appraisals of our properties and other real estate-related investments will be only estimates of fair value. Ultimate realization of the value of an asset depends, to a great extent, on economic, market and other conditions beyond our control and the control of the Adviser and our independent valuation advisor. Further, valuations do not necessarily represent the price at which an asset would sell, since market prices of assets can only be determined by negotiation between a
 
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willing buyer and seller. As such, the carrying value of an asset may not reflect the price at which the asset could be sold in the market, and the difference between carrying value and the ultimate sales price could be material. In addition, accurate valuations are more difficult to obtain in times of low transaction volume because there are fewer market transactions that can be considered in the context of the appraisal. There will be no retroactive adjustment in the valuation of such assets, the offering price of our shares of common stock, the price we paid to repurchase shares of our common stock or NAV-based fees we paid to the Adviser and the Dealer Manager to the extent such valuations prove to not accurately reflect the realizable value of our assets. Because the price you will pay for shares of our common stock in this offering, and the price at which your shares may be repurchased by us pursuant to our share repurchase plan are generally based on our prior month’s NAV per share, you may pay more than realizable value or receive less than realizable value for your investment.
Our NAV per share amounts may change materially if the appraised values of our properties materially change from prior appraisals or the actual operating results for a particular month differ from what we originally budgeted for that month.
We anticipate that the annual appraisals of our properties will be conducted on a rolling basis, such that properties may be appraised at different times but each property would be appraised at least once per year. When these appraisals are considered by the Adviser for purposes of valuing the relevant property, there may be a material change in our NAV per share amounts for each class of our common stock from those previously reported. In addition, actual operating results for a given month may differ from what we originally budgeted for that month, which may cause a material increase or decrease in the NAV per share amounts. We will not retroactively adjust the NAV per share of each class reported for the previous month. Therefore, because a new annual appraisal may differ materially from the prior appraisal or the actual results from operations may be better or worse than what we previously budgeted for a particular month, the adjustment to take into consideration the new appraisal or actual operating results may cause the NAV per share for each class of our common stock to increase or decrease, and such increase or decrease will occur in the month the adjustment is made.
It may be difficult to reflect, fully and accurately, material events that may impact our monthly NAV.
The Adviser’s determination of our monthly NAV per share will be based in part on appraisals of each of our properties provided annually by independent third-party appraisal firms in individual appraisal reports reviewed by our independent valuation advisor and quarterly valuations of our real estate debt and other securities for which market prices are not readily available provided by the Adviser and reviewed by our independent valuation advisor, each in accordance with valuation guidelines approved by our board of directors. As a result, our published NAV per share in any given month may not fully reflect any or all changes in value that may have occurred since the most recent appraisal or valuation. The Adviser will review appraisal reports and monitor our real estate and real estate-related assets, and is responsible for notifying the independent valuation advisor of the occurrence of any property-specific or market-driven event it believes may cause a material valuation change in the investment’s valuation, but it may be difficult to reflect fully and accurately rapidly changing market conditions or material events that may impact the value of our real estate and real estate-related assets or liabilities between valuations, or to obtain complete information regarding any such events in a timely manner. For example, an unexpected termination or renewal of a material lease, a material increase or decrease in vacancies or an unanticipated structural or environmental event at a property may cause the value of a property to change materially, yet obtaining sufficient relevant information after the occurrence has come to light and/or analyzing fully the financial impact of such an event may be difficult to do and may require some time. As a result, the NAV per share may not reflect a material event until such time as sufficient information is available and analyzed, and the financial impact is fully evaluated, such that our NAV may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with our valuation guidelines. Depending on the circumstance, the resulting potential disparity in our NAV may be in favor or to the detriment of either stockholders who tender their shares for repurchase by us, or stockholders who buy new shares of our common stock, or existing stockholders.
NAV calculations are not governed by governmental or independent securities, financial or accounting rules or standards.
The methods used by the Adviser and SS&C to calculate our NAV, including the components used in calculating our NAV, is not prescribed by rules of the SEC or any other regulatory agency. Further, there
 
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are no accounting rules or standards that prescribe which components should be used in calculating NAV, and our NAV is not audited by our independent registered public accounting firm. We calculate and publish NAV solely for purposes of establishing the price at which we sell and repurchase shares of our common stock and to calculate certain fees and distributions payable to the Adviser, the Special Limited Partner and the Dealer Manager, and you should not view our NAV as a measure of our historical or future financial condition or performance. The components and methodology used in calculating our NAV may differ from those used by other companies now or in the future.
In addition, calculations of our NAV, to the extent that they incorporate valuations of our assets and liabilities, are not prepared in accordance with GAAP. These valuations may differ from liquidation values that could be realized in the event that we were forced to sell assets.
Additionally, errors may occur in calculating our NAV, which could impact the price at which we sell and repurchase shares of our common stock and the amount of the Adviser’s management fee and the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation interest. The Adviser has implemented certain policies and procedures to address such errors in NAV calculations. If such errors were to occur, the Adviser, depending on the circumstances surrounding each error and the extent of any impact the error has on the price at which shares of our common stock were sold or repurchased or on the amount of the Adviser’s management fee or the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation interest, may determine in its sole discretion to take certain corrective actions in response to such errors, including, subject to the Adviser’s policies and procedures, making adjustments to prior NAV calculations. You should carefully review the disclosure of our valuation policies and how NAV will be calculated under “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines.”
Our board of directors may, in the future, adopt certain measures under Maryland law without stockholder approval that may have the effect of making it less likely that a stockholder would receive a “control premium” for his or her shares.
A corporation organized under Maryland law with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act, and at least three independent directors is permitted to elect to be subject, by a charter or bylaw provision or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary charter or bylaw provision, to any or all of the following five provisions:
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staggering the board of directors into three classes;
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requiring a two-thirds vote of stockholders to remove directors;
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providing that only the board of directors can fix the size of the board;
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providing that all vacancies on the board, regardless of how the vacancy was created, may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and
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providing for a majority requirement for the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders.
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These provisions may discourage an extraordinary transaction, such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, all of which might provide a premium price for stockholders’ shares of our common stock. In our charter, we have elected that vacancies on our board of directors be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Through other provisions in our charter and bylaws, we vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships, provided that the number is not less than three. In addition, for so long as the Advisory Agreement is in effect, the Adviser has the right to designate for nomination, subject to the approval of such nomination by our board of directors, two directors to the slate of directors to be voted on by the stockholders at our annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that such designation right shall be suspended for such period of time as necessary so that a majority of directors are at all times independent directors. Our board of directors must also consult with the Adviser in connection with (i) its selection of each independent director for nomination to the slate of directors to be voted on at the annual meeting of stockholders, and (ii) filling any vacancies created by the removal, resignation, retirement or death of any director. See “Management.” These and other provisions in our charter and bylaws could
 
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make it more difficult for stockholders or potential acquirers to obtain control of our board of directors or initiate actions that are opposed by our then-current board of directors, including a merger, tender offer or proxy contest involving us. We have not elected to be subject to any of the other provisions described above, but our charter does not prohibit our board of directors from opting into any of these provisions in the future without the consent or approval of our stockholders.
Further, under the Maryland Business Combination Act, we may not engage in any merger or other business combination with an “interested stockholder” ​(which is defined as (1) any person who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock and (2) an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding stock) or any affiliate of that interested stockholder for a period of five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder. A person is not an interested stockholder if our board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which such person would otherwise have become an interested stockholder. In approving a transaction, our board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms or conditions determined by our board of directors. After the five-year period ends, any merger or other business combination with the interested stockholder or any affiliate of the interested stockholder must be recommended by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
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80% of all votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of our voting stock; and
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two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of our voting stock other than those shares owned or held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.
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These supermajority voting provisions do not apply if, among other things, our stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”)) for their common stock and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by our board of directors prior to the time the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our board of directors has adopted a resolution exempting any business combination (as defined in Section 3-601(e) of the MGCL) between us or any subsidiary and any person, including BGO, the Dealer Manager and the Adviser, from the provisions of this law, provided that such business combination is first approved by our board of directors.
Our charter permits our board of directors to authorize us to issue preferred stock on terms that may subordinate the rights of the holders of our current common stock or discourage a third party from acquiring us.
Our board of directors is permitted, subject to certain restrictions set forth in our charter, to authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock without stockholder approval. Further, our board of directors may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock into other classes or series of stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications, and terms or conditions of redemption of the stock and may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of any class or series of stock that we have authority to issue without stockholder approval. Thus, our board of directors could authorize us to issue shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could subordinate the rights of the holders of our common stock or have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets, that might provide a premium price for holders of our common stock.
Maryland law limits, in some cases, the ability of a third party to vote shares acquired in a “control share acquisition.”
The Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by stockholders
 
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by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares of stock owned by the acquirer, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation, are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer can exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within specified ranges of voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares. The control share acquisition statute does not apply: (1) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or statutory share exchange if the Maryland corporation is a party to the transaction; or (2) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the Maryland corporation. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future. For a more detailed discussion on the Maryland laws governing control share acquisitions, see “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter and Bylaws — Control Share Acquisitions.”
Maryland law and our organizational documents limit our rights and the rights of our stockholders to recover claims against our directors and officers, which could reduce your and our recovery against them if they cause us to incur losses.
Maryland law provides that a director will not have any liability as a director so long as he or she performs his or her duties in accordance with the applicable standard of conduct. In addition, our charter generally limits the personal liability of our directors and officers for monetary damages, subject to the limitations of the North American Securities Administrators Association’s Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts, as revised and adopted on May 7, 2007 (the “NASAA REIT Guidelines”), and Maryland law. Maryland law and our charter provide that no director or officer shall be liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages unless the director or officer (1) actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (2) was actively and deliberately dishonest as established by a final judgment as material to the cause of action. Moreover, our charter generally requires us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors and officers for losses they may incur by reason of their service in those capacities unless their act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, they actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, they had reasonable cause to believe the act or omission was unlawful. Further, we have entered into separate indemnification agreements with each of our officers and directors. As a result, you and we may have more limited rights against our directors or officers than might otherwise exist under common law, which could reduce your and our recovery from these persons if they act in a manner that causes us to incur losses. In addition, we are obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by these persons in some cases. However, our charter provides that we may not indemnify any of our directors, the Adviser or any of its or our affiliates, for any liability or loss suffered by them or hold any of our directors, the Adviser or any of its or our affiliates harmless for any liability or loss suffered by us, unless they have determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests, they were acting on our behalf or performing services for us, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by any of our non-independent directors, the Adviser or any of its or our affiliates, or gross negligence or willful misconduct by any of our independent directors, and the indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from the stockholders. See “Management — Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, the Adviser and Other Agents.”
Maryland law limits our stockholders’ ability to amend our charter or dissolve us without the approval of our board of directors.
Although the NASAA REIT Guidelines indicate that stockholders are permitted to amend our charter or terminate us without the necessity for concurrence by our board of directors, we are subject to the MGCL, which provides that any amendment to our charter or any dissolution of our company must first be declared advisable by our board of directors and recommended to our stockholders for approval. Therefore, our stockholders may vote to authorize the amendment of our charter or the dissolution of our Company,
 
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but only after such action has been declared advisable by our board of directors. Accordingly, the only proposals to amend our charter or to dissolve our Company that will be presented to our stockholders will be those that have been declared advisable by our board of directors and also require approval by our stockholders.
Your interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional shares. Your interest in our assets will also be diluted if the Operating Partnership issues additional units.
Holders of shares of our common stock will not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. Our charter authorizes us to issue up to 3,100,000,000 shares of capital stock, of which 3,000,000,000 shares are classified as common stock, of which 600,000,000 shares are classified as Class T shares, 600,000,000 shares are classified as Class S shares, 600,000,000 shares are classified as Class D shares and 600,000,000 are classified as Class I shares, and 100,000,000 shares are classified as preferred stock. In addition, our board of directors may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of capital stock or the number of authorized shares of capital stock of any class or series without stockholder approval. After you purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, our board of directors may elect, without stockholder approval, to: (1) sell additional shares of our common stock in this or future public offerings; (2) issue shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units in one or more private offerings; (3) issue shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units upon the exercise of the options we may grant to our independent directors or future employees; (4) issue shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units to the Adviser or the Special Limited Partner, or their successors or assigns, in payment of an outstanding obligation to pay fees for services rendered to us or distribution on the performance participation allocation; (5) issue shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units to sellers of properties we acquire; or (6) issue equity incentive compensation to certain employees of affiliated service providers or to third parties as satisfaction of obligations under incentive compensation arrangements. To the extent we issue additional shares of common stock after your purchase shares in this offering, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. Because we hold all of our assets through the Operating Partnership, to the extent we issue additional Operating Partnership units after you purchase shares in this offering, your percentage ownership interest in our assets will be diluted. Because certain classes of Operating Partnership units may, in the discretion of our board of directors, be exchanged for shares of our common stock, any merger, exchange or conversion between the Operating Partnership and another entity ultimately could result in the issuance of a substantial number of shares of our common stock, thereby diluting the percentage ownership interest of other stockholders. Because of these and other reasons, our stockholders may experience substantial dilution in their percentage ownership of our shares of common stock or their interests in the underlying assets held by the Operating Partnership. Operating Partnership units may have different and preferential rights to the claims of common Operating Partnership units, which correspond to the common stock held by our stockholders. Certain Operating Partnership units may have different and preferential rights to the terms of the common Operating Partnership units that correspond to the common stock held by our stockholders.
We will not be required to comply with certain reporting requirements, including those relating to auditor’s attestation reports on the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting, accounting standards and disclosure about our executive compensation, that apply to other public companies.
The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, relax certain reporting requirements for emerging growth companies, including certain requirements relating to accounting standards and compensation disclosure. We are classified as an emerging growth company. For as long as we are an emerging growth company, which may be up to five full fiscal years, unlike other public companies, we will not be required to (1) provide an auditor’s attestation report on the effectiveness of our system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, (2) comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards applicable to public companies until such standards are also applicable to private companies under Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act, (3) comply with any new requirements adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report in which the auditor would be required to provide additional information about the audit and the financial statements of the issuer, (4) comply with any new audit rules adopted by the PCAOB after April 5, 2012 unless the SEC determines otherwise,
 
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(5) provide certain disclosure regarding executive compensation required of larger public companies or (6) hold stockholder advisory votes on executive compensation.
Once we are no longer an emerging growth company, so long as our shares of common stock are not traded on a securities exchange, we will be deemed to be a “non-accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, and as a non-accelerated filer, we will be exempt from compliance with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In addition, so long as we are externally managed by the Adviser and we do not directly compensate our executive officers, or reimburse the Adviser or its affiliates for salaries, bonuses, benefits and severance payments for persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the Adviser, we do not have any executive compensation, making the exemptions listed in (5) and (6) above generally inapplicable.
We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive because we choose to rely on any of the exemptions discussed above.
As noted above, under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until such time as those standards apply to private companies.
Our UPREIT structure may result in potential conflicts of interest with limited partners in the Operating Partnership whose interests may not be aligned with those of our stockholders.
Our directors and officers have duties to our corporation and our stockholders under Maryland law and our charter in connection with their management of the corporation. At the same time, we, as general partner, will have fiduciary duties under Delaware law to the Operating Partnership and to the limited partners in connection with the management of the Operating Partnership. Our duties as general partner of the Operating Partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to the corporation and our stockholders. Under Delaware law, a general partner of a Delaware limited partnership owes its limited partners the duties of good faith and fair dealing. Other duties, including fiduciary duties, may be modified or eliminated in the partnership’s partnership agreement. The partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership provides that, for so long as we own a controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the limited partners may be resolved in favor of our stockholders.
Additionally, the partnership agreement expressly limits our liability by providing that we and our officers, directors, agents and employees will not be liable or accountable to the Operating Partnership for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived if we or our officers, directors, agents or employees acted in good faith. In addition, the Operating Partnership is required to indemnify us and our officers, directors, employees, agents and designees to the extent permitted by applicable law from and against any and all claims arising from operations of the Operating Partnership, unless it is established that: (1) the act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (2) the indemnified party received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
The provisions of Delaware law that allow the fiduciary duties of a general partner to be modified by a partnership agreement have not been tested in a court of law, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel covering the provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to waive or restrict our fiduciary duties.
Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we, nor the Operating Partnership nor the subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership are investment companies under the Investment Company Act. However, there can be no assurance that we and our subsidiaries will be able to successfully avoid registering as an investment company. See “Prospectus Summary — Are there any Investment Company Act of 1940 considerations?”
 
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A change in the value of any of our assets could negatively affect our ability to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act. To maintain compliance with the applicable exemption under the Investment Company Act, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to acquire assets that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy.
If we were required to register as an investment company but failed to do so, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to use borrowings), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act) and portfolio composition, including disclosure requirements and restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration, and other matters. Compliance with the Investment Company Act would, accordingly, limit our ability to make certain investments and require us to significantly restructure our business plan, which could materially adversely affect our NAV and our ability to pay distributions to our stockholders.
We depend on the Adviser to develop appropriate systems and procedures to control operational risk.
Operational risks arising from mistakes made in the confirmation or settlement of transactions, from transactions not being properly booked, evaluated or accounted for or other similar disruption in our operations may cause us to suffer financial losses, the disruption of our business, liability to third parties, regulatory intervention or damage to our reputation. We depend on the Adviser and its affiliates to develop the appropriate systems and procedures to control operational risk. We rely heavily on our financial, accounting and other data processing systems. The ability of our systems to accommodate transactions could also constrain our ability to properly manage our portfolio. Generally, the Adviser will not be liable for losses incurred due to the occurrence of any such errors.
We are subject to the risk that our trading orders may not be executed in a timely and efficient manner due to various circumstances, including, without limitation, systems failure or human error. As a result, we could be unable to achieve the market position selected by the Adviser or might incur a loss in liquidating our positions. Since some of the markets in which we may effect transactions are over-the-counter or interdealer markets, the participants in such markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation or regulatory oversight comparable to that which members of exchange-based markets are subject. We are also exposed to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions, thereby causing us to suffer a loss.
Cybersecurity risks could result in the loss of data, interruptions in our business, damage to our reputation and subject us to regulatory actions, increased costs and financial losses, each of which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our operations are highly dependent on our information systems and technology and we rely heavily on our and the Adviser’s financial, accounting, treasury, communications and other data processing systems. Such systems may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of tampering or a breach of the network security systems or otherwise. In addition, such systems are from time to time subject to cyberattacks, which may continue to increase in sophistication and frequency in the future. Attacks on the Adviser and its affiliates and their service providers’ systems could involve attempts that are intended to obtain unauthorized access to our proprietary information or personal identifying information of our stockholders, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage our systems, or divert or otherwise steal funds, including through the introduction of computer viruses and other malicious code.
Cyber security incidents and cyber-attacks have been occurring globally at a more frequent and severe level and will likely continue to increase in frequency in the future. Our information and technology systems as well as those of the Adviser and other related parties, such as service providers, may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from cyber security breaches, computer viruses or other malicious code, “phishing” attempts and other forms of social engineering, network failures, computer and telecommunication failures, infiltration by unauthorized persons and other security breaches, usage errors by their respective professionals or service providers, power, communications or other service outages and catastrophic events such as fires, tornadoes, floods, hurricanes and earthquakes. Cyberattacks and other security threats could
 
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originate from a wide variety of external sources, including cyber criminals, nation state hackers, hacktivists and other outside parties. Cyberattacks and other security threats could also originate from the malicious or accidental acts of insiders, such as employees, or third-party agents and consultants of the Company. There has been an increase in the frequency and sophistication of the cyber and security threats the Adviser faces, with attacks ranging from those common to businesses generally to those that are more advanced and persistent, which may target the Adviser because it holds a significant amount of confidential and sensitive information about its investors and potential investments. As a result, the Adviser may face a heightened risk of a security breach or disruption with respect to this information. There can be no assurance that measures the Adviser takes to ensure the integrity of its systems will provide protection, especially because cyberattack techniques used change frequently or are not recognized until successful.
If unauthorized parties gain access to such information and technology systems, they may be able to steal, publish, delete or modify private and sensitive information, including nonpublic personal information related to our shareholders (and their beneficial owners) and material nonpublic information. Although the Adviser has implemented, and its service providers may implement, various measures to manage risks relating to these types of events, such systems could prove to be inadequate and, if compromised, could become inoperable for extended periods of time, cease to function properly or fail to adequately secure private information. The Adviser does not control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by third-party service providers, and such third-party service providers may have limited indemnification obligations to the Adviser and us, each of which could be negatively impacted as a result. Breaches such as those involving covertly introduced malware, impersonation of authorized users and industrial or other espionage may not be identified even with sophisticated prevention and detection systems, potentially resulting in further harm and preventing them from being addressed appropriately. The failure of these systems or of disaster recovery plans for any reason could cause significant interruptions in the Adviser’s, its affiliates’ or our operations and result in a failure to maintain the security, confidentiality or privacy of sensitive data, including personal information relating to our shareholders, material nonpublic information and the intellectual property and trade secrets and other sensitive information in the possession of the Adviser. We or the Adviser could be required to make a significant investment to remedy the effects of any such failures, harm to their reputations, legal claims that they and their respective affiliates may be subjected to, regulatory action or enforcement arising out of applicable privacy and other laws, adverse publicity and other events that may affect their business and financial performance.
The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by other means. In addition, we could also suffer losses in connection with updates to, or the failure to timely update, our information systems and technology. In addition, we have become increasingly reliant on third-party service providers for certain aspects of our business, including for our administration, as well as for certain information systems and technology, including cloud-based services. These third-party service providers could also face ongoing cyber security threats and compromises of their systems and as a result, unauthorized individuals could gain access to certain confidential data.
Cybersecurity has become a top priority for regulators around the world. Many jurisdictions in which the Adviser operates have laws and regulations relating to data privacy, cybersecurity and protection of personal information, including, as examples the General Data Protection Regulation in the European Union that went into effect in May 2018 and the California Consumer Privacy Act that went into effect in January 2020. Some jurisdictions have also enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals and government agencies of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data. Breaches in security, whether malicious in nature or through inadvertent transmittal or other loss of data, could potentially jeopardize the Adviser, its employees’ or our investors’ or counterparties’ confidential, proprietary and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through the Adviser’s computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in its, its employees’, our investors’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ business and operations, which could result in significant financial losses, increased costs, liability to our investors and other counterparties, regulatory intervention and reputational damage. Furthermore, if the Adviser fails to comply with the relevant laws and regulations or fail to provide the appropriate regulatory or other notifications of breach in a timely manner, it could result in regulatory investigations and penalties, which could lead to negative publicity and reputational harm and may cause our investors or the Adviser’s fund investors and clients to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our or the Adviser’s security measures.
 
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Finally, the Adviser’s technology, data and intellectual property are also subject to a heightened risk of theft or compromise to the extent the Adviser or its affiliates engage in operations outside the United States, in particular in those jurisdictions that do not have comparable levels of protection of proprietary information and assets such as intellectual property, trademarks, trade secrets, know-how and customer information and records. In addition, the Adviser may be required to compromise protections or forego rights to technology, data and intellectual property to operate in or access markets in a foreign jurisdiction. Any such direct or indirect compromise of these assets could have a material adverse impact on such businesses.
Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest by participating broker-dealers may negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering, which could harm our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Broker-dealers are required to comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, establishes a new standard of conduct for broker-dealers and their associated persons when making a recommendation of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The full impact of Regulation Best Interest on participating broker-dealers cannot be determined at this time, and it may negatively impact whether participating broker-dealers and their associated persons recommend this offering to certain retail customers. In particular, under SEC guidance concerning Regulation Best Interest, a broker-dealer recommending an investment in our shares of common stock should consider a number of factors, including, but not limited to, cost and complexity of the investment and reasonably available alternatives in determining whether there is a reasonable basis for the recommendation. As a result, high cost, high risk and complex products may be subject to greater scrutiny by broker-dealers. Broker-dealers may recommend a more costly or complex product as long as they have a reasonable basis to believe is in the best interest of a particular retail customer. However, if broker-dealers instead choose alternatives to our shares of common stock, many of which likely exist, our ability to raise capital will be adversely affected. You should ask your broker-dealer or other financial professional about what reasonable alternatives exist for you, and how our offering compares to other types of investments (e.g., listed entities) that may have lower costs, complexities, or risks, and that may be available for lower or no commissions. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it may harm our ability to achieve our objectives.
Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate
Our operating results will be affected by economic and regulatory changes that impact the real estate market in general.
We are subject to risks generally attributable to the ownership of real property, including:
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changes in global, national, regional or local economic, demographic or capital market conditions (including volatility as a result of the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the rapidly evolving measures in response);
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future adverse national real estate trends, including increasing vacancy rates, declining rental rates and general deterioration of market conditions;
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changes in supply of or demand for similar properties in a given market or metropolitan area, which could result in rising vacancy rates or decreasing market rental rates;
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vacancies or inability to lease space on favorable terms;
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increased competition for properties targeted by our investment strategy;
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bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by our tenants;
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increases in interest rates and lack of availability of financing; and
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changes in government rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including increases in property taxes, changes in zoning laws, limitations on rental rates, and increasing costs to comply with environmental laws.
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All of these factors are beyond our control. Any negative changes in these factors could affect our performance and our ability to meet our obligations and make distributions to stockholders.
 
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Our success is dependent on general market and economic conditions.
The real estate industry generally and the success of our investment activities in particular will both be affected by global and national economic and market conditions generally and by the local economic conditions where our properties are located. These factors may affect the level and volatility of real estate prices, which could impair our profitability or result in losses. In addition, general fluctuations in the market prices of securities and interest rates may affect our investment opportunities and the value of our investments. The Adviser’s financial condition may be adversely affected by a significant economic downturn and it may be subject to legal, regulatory, reputational and other unforeseen risks that could have a material adverse effect on the Adviser’s businesses and operations.
A depression, recession or slowdown in the U.S. real estate market or one or more regional real estate markets, and to a lesser extent, the global economy (or any particular segment thereof) would have a pronounced impact on us, the value of our assets and our profitability, impede the ability of our assets to perform under or refinance their existing obligations, and impair our ability to effectively deploy our capital or realize upon investments on favorable terms. We would also be affected by any overall weakening of, or disruptions in, the financial markets. Any of the foregoing events could result in substantial losses to our business, which losses will likely be exacerbated by the presence of leverage in our capital structure or our investments’ capital structures.
Market disruptions in a single country could cause a worsening of conditions on a regional and even global level, and economic problems in a single country are increasingly affecting other markets and economies. A continuation of this trend could result in problems in one country adversely affecting regional and even global economic conditions and markets. For example, concerns about the fiscal stability and growth prospects of certain European countries in the last economic downturn had a negative impact on most economies of the Eurozone and global markets. The occurrence of similar crises in the future could cause increased volatility in the economies and financial markets of countries throughout a region, or even globally.
The Russian Federation invaded Ukraine on February 24, 2022, which has resulted in rising geopolitical tensions. The United States, the United Kingdom, European Union member states and other countries have imposed unprecedented economic sanctions on the Russian Federation, parts of Ukraine and various designated parties. As further military conflicts and economic sanctions continue to evolve, it has become increasingly difficult to predict the impact of these events or how long they will last. Depending on direction and timing, the Russian Federation-Ukraine conflict may exacerbate normal risks associated with the performance of our investments.
For example, as a result of the 2008 financial crisis, the availability of debt financing secured by commercial real estate was significantly restricted as a result of tightened lending standards for a prolonged period. As a result of the uncertainties in the credit market, real estate investors were unable to obtain debt financing on attractive terms, which adversely affected investment returns on acquisitions or their ability to make acquisitions or property improvements. Any future financial market disruptions may force us to use a greater proportion of our offering net proceeds to finance our acquisitions and fund property improvements, reducing the cash available to pay distributions or satisfy repurchase requests and reducing the number of acquisitions we would otherwise make.
Certain countries have been susceptible to epidemics and pandemics, most recently the novel coronavirus known as “COVID-19,” which has been designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The outbreak of such epidemics or pandemics, together with the resulting restrictions on travel or quarantines imposed, have had a negative impact on the economy and business activity globally (including in the markets in which we intend to invest), and thereby could adversely affect the performance of our investments. Furthermore, the rapid development of epidemics or pandemics could preclude prediction as to their ultimate adverse impact on economic and market conditions, and, as a result, present material uncertainty and risk with respect to us and the performance of our investments. These epidemics or pandemics could have particularly adverse impacts on certain industries and may also have particular negative effects on certain regions in which we own investments.
Political tensions between the United States and China have escalated due to, among other things, the imposition of tariffs by both the United States and China, the outbreak of COVID-19 and certain activities
 
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of China relating to Hong Kong. Rising political tensions could reduce levels of trade, investments, technological exchanges and other economic activities between the United States and China, which would materially adversely affect global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets.
COVID-19 has caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economy.
The global impact of the outbreak of COVID-19 has been widespread and many countries reacted to the outbreak by instituting quarantines and restrictions on travel, closing financial markets and restricting trading, and limiting operations of non-essential businesses. While many of these restrictions have been lifted, a surge in new cases could cause these restrictions to be reinstated. The reactions to the pandemic created disruption in global supply chains and adversely impacted many industries. Although vaccines for COVID-19 have been made available to the general public in the United States and in many places around the world, vaccination rates vary, the vaccines may lose effectiveness without boosters and new strains of COVID-19 may emerge that are resistant to the vaccines. The rapid development and fluidity of this situation precludes any prediction as to the ultimate adverse impact of COVID-19 on economic and market conditions, and, as a result, present uncertainty and risk with respect to us. The full extent of the impact and effects of COVID-19 will depend on future developments, including, among other factors, the duration and spread of the outbreak, along with related travel advisories, quarantines and restrictions, the recovery time of the disrupted supply chains and industries, the impact of labor market interruptions, the impact of government interventions, and uncertainty with respect to the duration of the global economic slowdown. COVID-19 and the current financial, economic and capital markets environment, and future developments in these and other areas present uncertainty and risk with respect to our expected performance, results of operations and ability to pay distributions and satisfy repurchase requests.
We may be subject to additional risks from our non-U.S. investments.
We may invest in real estate located outside of the United States and real estate debt and real estate-related securities issued in, and/or backed by real estate in, countries outside the United States, including North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region and certain other countries. Non-U.S. real estate and real estate debt and real estate-related securities involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in such investments in the United States, including risks relating to (i) currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the various non-U.S. currencies in which such investments are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another; (ii) differences in conventions relating to documentation, settlement, corporate actions, stakeholder rights and other matters; (iii) differences between U.S. and non-U.S. real estate markets, including potential price volatility in and relative illiquidity of some non-U.S. markets; (iv) the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements and differences in government supervision and regulation; (v) certain economic, social and political risks, including potential exchange-control regulations, potential restrictions on non-U.S. investment and repatriation of capital, the risks associated with political, economic or social instability, including the risk of sovereign defaults, regulatory change, and the possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation or the imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains, other income or gross sale or disposition proceeds, and adverse economic and political developments; (vi) the possible imposition of non-U.S. taxes on income and gains and gross sales or other proceeds recognized with respect to such investments; (vii) differing and potentially less well-developed or well-tested corporate laws regarding stakeholder rights, creditors’ rights (including the rights of secured parties), fiduciary duties and the protection of investors; (viii) different laws and regulations including differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance; (ix) political hostility to investments by foreign investors; and (x) less publicly available information. Furthermore, while we may have the capacity, but not the obligation, to mitigate such additional risks, including through the utilization of certain foreign exchange hedging instruments, there is no guarantee that we will be successful in mitigating such risks and in turn may introduce additional risks and expenses linked to such efforts.
Our investments will be concentrated in the industrial warehouse and logistics sector and our business would be adversely affected by an economic downturn in that sector. In addition, the Seed Portfolio is geographically concentrated in the Midwest region of the United States, which may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in that region.
Our investments in real estate assets will be concentrated in the industrial warehouse and logistics sector. This concentration may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in this sector to a greater
 
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extent than if our business activities were more diversified. In addition to general, regional, national, and international economic conditions, our operating performance is impacted by the economic conditions of the specific geographic markets in which we have concentrations of properties. For example, the Seed Portfolio is geographically concentrated in the Midwest region of the United States, with properties in the following markets (which accounted for the percentage indicated, based on the appraised value as of March 31, 2023): St. Louis, MO (40%); Kansas City, MO (27%); Cincinnati, OH (26%); and Chicago MSA (7%). This geographic concentration could adversely affect our operating performance if conditions become less favorable in any of the markets in which we have a concentration of properties. While we intend to diversify our portfolio by geography and investments over time, our portfolio may be heavily concentrated at any time, and in particular during the Ramp-Up Period, in only a limited number of geographies or investments, and, as a consequence, our aggregate return may be substantially affected by the unfavorable performance of even a single investment or adverse economic or business conditions affecting a particular geography. Investors have no assurance as to the degree of diversification in our investments by geographic region.
Further, we cannot assure you that any of our target markets will grow or that underlying real estate fundamentals will be favorable to owners and operators of industrial warehouse and logistics properties. Our operations may also be affected if competing properties are built in our target markets. Any adverse economic or real estate developments in our target markets, or any decrease in demand for industrial warehouse and logistics properties resulting from the regulatory environment, business climate or energy or fiscal problems, could materially and adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and our ability to successfully implement our investment strategy.
We may change our investment and operational policies without stockholder consent.
Except for changes to the investment restrictions contained in our charter, which require stockholder consent to amend, we may change our investment and operational policies, including our policies with respect to investments, operations, indebtedness, capitalization and distributions, at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our making investments that are different from, and possibly riskier or more highly leveraged than, the types of investments described in this prospectus. Our board of directors also approved very broad investment guidelines with which we must comply, but these guidelines provide the Adviser with broad discretion and can be changed by our board of directors. A change in our investment strategy may, among other things, increase our exposure to real estate market fluctuations, default risk and interest rate risk, all of which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We may have difficulty selling our properties, which may limit our flexibility and ability to pay distributions.
Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, it could be difficult for us to promptly sell one or more of our properties on favorable terms. Additionally, we may agree to lock-out or other provisions when we acquire a property that materially restrict us from selling such property or our interest in such property for a period of time. This may limit our ability to change our portfolio quickly in response to adverse changes in the performance of any such property or economic or market trends. In addition, U.S. federal tax laws that impose a 100% excise tax on gains from sales of dealer property by a REIT (generally, property held for sale, rather than investment) could limit our ability to sell properties and may affect our ability to sell properties without materially adversely affecting returns to our stockholders. These restrictions could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We face risks associated with property acquisitions.
We intend to acquire properties and portfolios of properties, including large portfolios that could result in changes to our capital structure. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks:
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we may be unable to complete an acquisition after making a non-refundable deposit or guarantee and incurring certain other acquisition-related costs;
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we may be unable to obtain financing for acquisitions on commercially reasonable terms or at all;
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acquired properties may fail to perform as expected;
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acquired properties may be located in new markets in which we may face risks associated with a lack of market knowledge or understanding of the local economy, lack of business relationships in the area and unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures; and
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we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisitions of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations.
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In addition, while we intend to invest primarily in stabilized, income-oriented real estate, we may also acquire assets that require new development or some amount of capital investment to be renovated or repositioned. These investments are generally subject to higher risk of loss than investments in stabilized real estate and there is no guarantee that any renovation or repositioning will be successful, or that the actual costs will not be greater than our estimates.
Certain of our investments may have additional capital requirements.
Certain of our investments, including those that may be in a development phase, are expected to require additional financing to satisfy their working capital requirements or development strategies. The amount of such additional financing needed will depend upon the maturity and objectives of the particular asset, which may be an unfavorable price at such time. Each round of financing (whether from us or other investors) is typically intended to provide enough capital to reach the next major milestone in an asset’s life-cycle. If the funds provided are not sufficient, additional capital may be required to be raised at a price unfavorable to the existing investors, including us. In addition, we may make additional debt and equity investments or exercise warrants, options, convertible securities or other rights that were acquired in the initial investment in such portfolio company in order to preserve our proportionate ownership when a subsequent financing is planned, or to protect our investment when such portfolio company’s performance does not meet expectations. The availability of capital is generally a function of capital market conditions that are beyond the control of us or any portfolio company. There can be no assurance that we or any portfolio company will be able to predict accurately the future capital requirements necessary for success or that additional funds will be available from any source. Failure to provide sufficient additional capital with respect to an investment could adversely affect our performance.
The sale and disposition of real properties carry certain litigation risks at the property level that may reduce our profitability and the return on your investment.
The acquisition, ownership and disposition of real properties carry certain specific litigation risks. Litigation may be commenced with respect to a property acquired by us in relation to activities that took place prior to our acquisition of such property. In addition, at the time of disposition of an individual property, a potential buyer may claim that it should have been afforded the opportunity to purchase the asset or alternatively that such potential buyer should be awarded due diligence expenses incurred or statutory damages for misrepresentation relating to disclosure made, if such buyer is passed over in favor of another as part of our efforts to maximize sale proceeds. Similarly, successful buyers may later sue us under various damage theories, including those sounding in tort, for losses associated with latent defects or other problems not uncovered in due diligence.
Competition for investment opportunities may reduce our profitability and the return on your investment.
We will face competition from various entities for investment opportunities in properties, including other REITs, real estate operating companies, pension funds, insurance companies, investment funds and companies, partnerships and developers, some of which are likely a source of reasonable alternatives under Regulation Best Interest. In addition to third-party competitors, other programs sponsored by the Adviser and its affiliates, particularly those with investment strategies that overlap with ours may seek investment opportunities in accordance with the Adviser’s prevailing policies and procedures. Some of these entities may have greater access to capital to acquire properties than we have. Competition from these entities may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us or increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell. Additionally, disruptions and dislocations in the credit markets could have a material impact on the cost and availability of debt to finance real estate acquisitions, which is a key
 
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component of our acquisition strategy. The lack of available debt on reasonable terms or at all could result in a further reduction of suitable investment opportunities and create a competitive advantage for other entities that have greater financial resources than we do. In addition, over the past several years, a number of real estate funds and publicly traded and public, non-listed REITs have been formed and others have been consolidated (and many such existing funds have grown in size) for the purpose of investing in real estate and/or real estate-related assets. Additional real estate funds, vehicles and REITs with similar investment objectives are expected to be formed in the future by other unrelated parties and further consolidations may occur (resulting in larger funds and vehicles). Consequently, it is expected that increased competition for appropriate investment opportunities would reduce the number of investment opportunities available to us and adversely affect the terms, including price, upon which investments can be made. This competition may cause us to acquire properties and other investments at higher prices or by using less-than-ideal capital structures, and in such case our returns will be lower and the value of our assets may not appreciate or may decrease significantly below the amount we paid for such assets. If such events occur, you may experience a lower return on your investment.
We may make a substantial amount of joint venture investments, including with Other BGO Accounts. Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on the financial condition of our joint venture partners and disputes between us and our joint venture partners.
We have made joint venture investments (including our acquisition of an interest in the Seed Joint Venture) and we expect to make additional joint venture investments in the future. We have entered into, and expect to continue to enter into, joint ventures as part of an acquisition with the seller of the properties. We may acquire non-controlling interests or shared control interests in joint ventures. Even if we have some control in a joint venture, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the joint venture. Investments in joint ventures may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were another party not involved, including the possibility that joint venture partners might become bankrupt or fail to fund their required capital contributions. Joint venture partners may have economic or other business interests or goals that are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the joint venture partner would have full control over the joint venture. Disputes between us and joint venture partners may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with joint venture partners might result in subjecting properties owned by the joint venture to additional risk. In some cases, our joint venture partner may be entitled to property management fees, promote or other incentive fee payments as part of the arrangement of the joint venture. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our joint venture partners.
In addition, in connection with investments in which we participate alongside any Other BGO Accounts, the Adviser may decline to exercise, or delegate to a third party, certain control, foreclosure and similar governance rights relating to such shared investments for legal, tax, regulatory or other reasons. There is no guarantee that we will be able to co-invest with any Other BGO Account in the future. We will not participate in joint ventures in which we do not have or share control to the extent that we believe such participation would potentially threaten our status as a non-investment company exempt from the Investment Company Act. This may prevent us from receiving an allocation with respect to certain investment opportunities that are suitable for both us and one or more Other BGO Accounts.
If we have a right of first refusal to buy out a joint venture partner, we may be unable to finance such a buy-out if it becomes exercisable or we are required to purchase such interest at a time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do so. If our interest is subject to a buy/sell right, we may not have sufficient cash, available borrowing capacity or other capital resources to allow us to elect to purchase an interest of a joint venture partner subject to the buy/sell right, in which case we may be forced to sell our interest as the result of the exercise of such right when we would otherwise prefer to keep our interest. In some joint ventures we may be obligated to buy all or a portion of our joint venture partner’s interest in connection with a crystallization event, and we may be unable to finance such a buy-out when such crystallization event occurs, which may result in interest or other penalties accruing on the purchase price. If we buy our joint venture partner’s interest we will have increased exposure in the underlying investment. The price we use to
 
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buy our joint venture partner’s interest or sell our interest is typically determined by negotiations between us and our joint venture partner and there is no assurance that such price will be representative of the value of the underlying property or equal to our then-current valuation of our interest in the joint venture that is used to calculate our NAV. Finally, we may not be able to sell our interest in a joint venture if we desire to exit the venture for any reason or if our interest is likewise subject to a right of first refusal of our joint venture partner, our ability to sell such interest may be adversely impacted by such right. Joint ownership arrangements with BGO affiliates may also entail further conflicts of interest. Joint venture partners may receive ongoing fees in connection with providing service to the joint venture or its properties, including promote fees, beyond their equity investment, which would reduce the amount of our economic interest.
Some additional risks and conflicts related to our joint venture investments (including joint venture investments with BGO affiliates) include, but are not limited to:
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the joint venture partner could have economic or other interests that are inconsistent with or different from our interests, including interests relating to the financing, management, governance, operation, leasing or sale of the assets purchased by such joint venture;
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our joint venture partners may receive ongoing fees from our joint ventures, including promote payments and potential buyouts of their equity investments, all of which may reduce amounts otherwise payable to us;
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tax, Investment Company Act and other regulatory requirements applicable to the joint venture partner could cause it to want to take actions contrary to our interests. For example, if the joint venture partner conducts its operations so as to not be an investment company by complying with the requirements under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act or seeks to have some or all of its investments in majority-owned subsidiaries that qualify for the exemption pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, such joint venture partner could seek to dispose of or continue to hold joint venture investments for reasons other than the business case of particular assets, which could be at odds with us;
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the joint venture partner could have joint control or joint governance of the joint venture even in cases where its economic stake in the joint venture is significantly less than ours;
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under the joint venture arrangement, it is possible that neither we nor the joint venture partner will be in a position to unilaterally control the joint venture, and deadlocks may occur. Such deadlocks could adversely impact the operations and profitability of the joint venture, including as a result of the inability of the joint venture to act quickly in connection with a potential acquisition or disposition. In addition, depending on the governance structure of such joint venture partner, decisions of such vehicle may be subject to approval by individuals who are independent of BGO;
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under the joint venture arrangement, we and the joint venture partner may have a buy/sell right and, as a result of an impasse that triggers the exercise of such right, we may be forced to sell our investment in the joint venture, or buy the joint venture partner’s share of the joint venture at a time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do so;
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if the joint venture partner charges fees or incentive allocation to the joint venture arrangement, the joint venture partner could have an incentive to hold assets longer or otherwise behave to maximize fees and incentive allocation paid, even when doing so is not in our best interest;
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the joint venture partner could have authority to remove the BGO affiliated investment manager of the joint venture. If such removal were to occur, we would be joint venture partners with a third-party manager, in which case it could be significantly more difficult for us to implement our investment objective with respect to any of our investments held through such joint ventures;
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our participation in investments in which a joint venture partner participates will be less than what our participation would have been had such joint venture partner not participated, and because there may be no limit on the amount of capital that such joint venture partner can raise, the degree of our participation in such investments may decrease over time;
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under the joint venture arrangement, we and the joint venture partner could each have preemptive rights in respect of future issuances by the joint venture, which could limit a joint venture’s ability to attract new third-party capital;
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under the joint venture arrangement, the termination or non-renewal of the Adviser pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement could trigger change of control restrictions that may include buy/​sell rights like those described above, a loss of governance rights in the joint venture or other adverse consequences;
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under the joint venture arrangement, we and the joint venture partner could be subject to lock-ups, which could prevent us from disposing of our interests in the joint venture at a time it determines it would be advantageous to exit; and
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the joint venture partner could have a right of first offer, tag-along rights, drag-along rights, consent rights or other similar rights in respect of any transfers of the ownership interests in the joint venture to third parties, which could have the effect of making such transfers more complicated or limiting or delaying us from selling our interest in the applicable investment.
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Furthermore, we may have conflicting fiduciary obligations if we acquire properties with Other BGO Accounts or other related entities; as a result, in any such transaction we may not have the benefit of arm’s-length negotiations of the type normally conducted between unrelated parties.
Acquiring or attempting to acquire multiple properties in a single transaction may adversely affect our operations.
We may acquire multiple properties in a single transaction. Portfolio acquisitions typically are more complex and expensive than single-property acquisitions, and the risk that a multiple-property acquisition does not close may be greater than in a single-property acquisition. Portfolio acquisitions may also result in us owning investments in geographically dispersed markets, placing additional demands on the Adviser in managing the properties in the portfolio. In addition, a seller may require that a group of properties be purchased as a package and/or also include certain additional investments or transactions even though, were it not part of the overall transaction, we may not want to purchase one or more properties included in such portfolio or participate in additional investments or transactions. In these situations, if we are unable to identify another person or entity to acquire the unwanted properties or investments, or if the seller imposes a lock-out period or other restriction on a subsequent sale, we may be required to operate such properties or attempt to dispose of such properties or investments (if not subject to a lock-out period). We have also shared in the past and may in the future share the acquisition of large portfolios of properties with our affiliates, which can result in conflicts of interest, including as to the allocation of properties within the portfolio and the prices attributable to such properties. See “Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest — We may invest in joint ventures and other co-investment arrangements with Other BGO Accounts or divide a pool of investments among us and Other BGO Accounts.” It may also be difficult for the Adviser to fully analyze each property in a large portfolio, increasing the risk that properties do not perform as anticipated. We also may be required to accumulate a large amount of cash to fund such acquisitions. We would expect the returns that we earn on such cash to be less than the returns on investments in real property. Therefore, acquiring multiple properties in a single transaction may reduce the overall yield on our portfolio.
In the event we obtain options to acquire properties, we may lose the amount paid for such options whether or not the underlying property is purchased.
We may obtain options to acquire certain properties. The amount paid for an option, if any, is normally surrendered if the property is not purchased and may or may not be credited against the purchase price if the property is purchased. Any unreturned option payments will reduce the amount of cash available for further investments or distributions to our stockholders.
In our due diligence review of potential investments, we may rely on third-party consultants and advisors and representations made by sellers of properties, and we may not identify all relevant facts that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating potential investments.
Before making investments, due diligence will typically be conducted in a manner that we deem reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment. Due diligence may entail evaluation of important and complex business, financial, tax, accounting, environmental, social governance, real property and legal issues. Outside consultants, legal advisors, appraisers, accountants,
 
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investment banks and other third parties, including affiliates of the Adviser or BGO, may be involved in the due diligence process to varying degrees depending on the type of investment, the costs of which will be borne by us. Such involvement of third-party advisors or consultants may present a number of risks primarily relating to the Adviser’s reduced control of the functions that are outsourced. Where affiliates of BGO are utilized, the Adviser’s management fee will not be offset for the fees paid or expenses reimbursed to such affiliates. In addition, if the Adviser is unable to timely engage third-party providers, the ability to evaluate and acquire more complex targets could be adversely affected. In the due diligence process and making an assessment regarding a potential investment, the Adviser will rely on the resources available to it, including information provided by the target of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations. The Adviser’s due diligence investigation with respect to any investment opportunity may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity, particularly for large portfolio investments. Moreover, such an investigation will not necessarily result in the investment being successful. There can be no assurance that attempts to provide downside protection with respect to investments, including pursuant to risk management procedures described in this prospectus, will achieve their desired effect and potential investors should regard an investment in us as being speculative and having a high degree of risk.
Certain properties may require an expedited transaction, which may result in limited information being available about the property prior to its acquisition.
Investment analyses and decisions by the Adviser may be required to be undertaken on an expedited basis to take advantage of investment opportunities. In such cases, the information available to the Adviser at the time of making an investment decision may be limited, and the Adviser may not have access to detailed information regarding the investment property or portfolio of properties, such as physical characteristics, environmental matters, zoning regulations or other local conditions affecting such investment. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the Adviser will have knowledge of all circumstances that may adversely affect an investment, and we may make investments which we would not have made if more extensive due diligence had been undertaken. Because large portfolios of properties still generally require diligence to analyze individual properties, these risks are exacerbated in expedited transactions of large portfolios. In addition, the Adviser may use consultants, legal advisors, appraisers, accountants, investment banks and other third parties in connection with its evaluation or diligence of certain investments. No assurance can be given as to the accuracy or completeness of the information provided by such third parties, and we may incur liability as a result of such third parties’ actions.
There can be no assurance that the Adviser will be able to detect or prevent irregular accounting, employee misconduct or other fraudulent practices or material misstatements or omissions by the seller in connection with our property acquisitions during the due diligence phase or during our efforts to monitor and disclose information about the investment on an ongoing basis or that any risk management procedures implemented by us will be adequate.
When conducting due diligence and making an assessment regarding an investment, the Adviser will rely on the resources available to it, including information provided or reported by the seller of the investment and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations. The due diligence investigation that the Adviser carries out with respect to any investment opportunity may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating such investment opportunity. Moreover, such an investigation will not necessarily result in the investment being successful. Conduct occurring at the portfolio property, even activities that occurred prior to our investment therein, could have a material adverse impact us.
In the event of fraud by the seller of a property, we may suffer a partial or total loss of capital invested in that property. An additional concern is the possibility of material misrepresentation or omission on the part of the seller. Such inaccuracy or incompleteness may materially adversely affect the value of our investments in such property. We will rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations made by sellers of properties in the due diligence process to the extent reasonable when we make our investments, but cannot guarantee such accuracy or completeness.
In addition, we rely on information, including financial information and non-GAAP metrics, provided by sellers of our investments for disclosure to our investors about potential acquisitions or current assets
 
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owned by us (including the Seed Joint Venture). Accordingly, although we believe such information to be accurate, such information cannot be independently verified by the Adviser, and in some cases such information has not been independently reviewed or audited while under our ownership or control or at all. We cannot assure you that that the financial statements or metrics of properties we have acquired or will acquire would not be materially different if such statements or metrics had been independently audited or reviewed.
Consultants, legal advisors, appraisers, accountants, investment banks and other third parties may be involved in the due diligence process and/or the ongoing operation of our properties to varying degrees depending on the type of investment. For example, certain asset management and finance functions, such as data entry relating to a property, may be outsourced to a third-party service provider whose fees and expenses will be borne by such property or us. Such involvement of third-party advisors or consultants may present a number of risks primarily relating to our reduced control of the functions that are outsourced.
We will rely on property managers to operate our properties and leasing agents to lease vacancies in our properties.
The Adviser intends to hire property managers to manage our properties and leasing agents to lease vacancies in our properties. These property managers may be our affiliates, subject to applicable law, or partners in joint ventures that we enter into. We may also use portfolio entities owned by us to provide these property management, leasing and similar services. The property managers will have significant decision-making authority with respect to the management of our properties. As a result, our ability to direct and control how our properties are managed on a day-to-day basis may be limited. Thus, the success of our business may depend in large part on the ability of our property managers to manage the day-to-day operations and the ability of our leasing agents to lease vacancies in our properties. In cases where we use one of our portfolio entities to provide property management services, we will directly incur the expenses of property management and the other costs and obligations associated with operating the portfolio entity, including the compensation of our portfolio entity employees. Any adversity experienced by, or problems in our relationship with, our property managers or leasing agents could adversely impact the operation and profitability of our properties.
We depend on tenants for our revenue, and therefore our revenue is dependent on the success and economic viability of our tenants. Our reliance on single or significant tenants in certain buildings may decrease our ability to lease vacated space and could materially adversely affect our revenue and net income, overall performance, results of operations and ability to pay distributions.
We expect that rental income from real property will, directly or indirectly, constitute a significant portion of our income. Delays in collecting accounts receivable from tenants could materially adversely affect our cash flows and financial condition. In addition, the inability of a single major tenant or a number of smaller tenants to meet their rental obligations could materially adversely affect our income. Therefore, our financial success is indirectly dependent on the success of the businesses operated by the tenants in our properties or in the properties securing debts we may own. The weakening of the financial condition of or the bankruptcy or insolvency of a significant tenant or a number of smaller tenants and vacancies caused by defaults of tenants or the expiration of leases may materially adversely affect our results of operations, performance and our ability to pay distributions.
Generally, under U.S. bankruptcy law, a debtor tenant has 120 days to exercise the option of assuming or rejecting the obligations under any unexpired lease for nonresidential real property, which period may be extended once by the bankruptcy court for an additional 90 days. If the tenant assumes its lease, the tenant must cure all defaults under the lease and may be required to provide adequate assurance of its future performance under the lease. If the tenant rejects the lease, we will have a claim against the tenant’s bankruptcy estate. Although rent owing for the period between filing for bankruptcy and rejection of the lease may be afforded administrative expense priority and paid in full, pre-bankruptcy arrears and amounts owing under the remaining term of the lease will be afforded general unsecured claim status (absent collateral securing the claim). Moreover, amounts owing under the remaining term of the lease will be capped. Other than equity and subordinated claims, general unsecured claims are the last claims paid in a bankruptcy and therefore funds may not be available to pay such claims in full.
 
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Some of our properties may be leased to a single or significant tenant and, accordingly, may be suited to the particular or unique needs of such tenant. We may have difficulty replacing such a tenant if the floor plan of the vacant space limits the types of businesses that can use the space without major renovation. In addition, the resale value of the property could be diminished because the market value of a particular property will depend principally upon the value of the leases of such property.
Similarly, certain of our properties, including certain industrial warehouses, may be leased out to single tenants or tenants that are otherwise reliant on a single enterprise to remain in business. Adverse impacts to such tenants, businesses or operators, including as a result of changes in market or economic conditions, natural disasters, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, political events or other factors that may impact the operation of these properties, may have negative effects on our business and financial results. As a result, such tenants or operators may be required to suspend operations for what could be an extended period of time. Further, if such tenants default under their leases or such operators are unable to operate, we may not be able to promptly enter into a new lease or operating arrangement, rental rates or other terms under any new leases or operating arrangement may be less favorable than the terms of the current lease or operating arrangement or we may be required to make capital improvements for a new tenant or operator, any of which could materially adversely impact our operating results.
We may be unable to renew leases as leases expire.
We may not be able to lease properties that are vacant or become vacant because a tenant decides not to renew its lease or by the continued default of a tenant under its lease. In addition, certain of the properties we acquire may have some level of vacancy at the time of acquisition. Certain other properties may be specifically suited to the particular needs of a tenant and may become vacant after we acquire them. Even if a tenant renews its lease or we enter into a lease with a new tenant, the terms of the new lease may be less favorable than the terms of the old lease. In addition, the resale value of the property could be diminished because the market value may depend principally upon the value of the property’s leases. If we are unable to promptly renew or enter into new leases, or if the rental rates are lower than expected, our results of operations and financial condition will be adversely affected. For example, following the termination or expiration of a tenant’s lease there may be a period of time before we will begin receiving rental payments under a replacement lease. During that period, we will continue to bear fixed expenses such as interest, real estate taxes, maintenance, security, repairs and other operating expenses. In addition, declining economic conditions may impair our ability to attract replacement tenants and achieve rental rates equal to or greater than the rents paid under previous leases. Increased competition for tenants may require us to make capital improvements to properties that would not have otherwise been planned. Any unbudgeted capital improvements that we undertake may divert cash that would otherwise be available for distributions or for satisfying repurchase requests. Ultimately, to the extent that we are unable to renew leases or re-let space as leases expire, decreased cash flow from tenants will result, which could materially adversely impact our operating results.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a tenant can be found for a property at an attractive lease rate or an investment in a property can be sold. No assurance can be given that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In acquiring a property, we may agree to lock-out provisions that materially restrict us from selling that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed on that property. These factors and others that could impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our properties will face significant competition.
We will face significant competition from owners, operators and developers of properties. Substantially all of our properties will face competition from similar properties in the same market. This competition may affect our ability to attract and retain tenants and may reduce the rents we are able to charge. These competing properties may have vacancy rates higher than our properties, which may result in their owners being willing to lease available space at lower prices than the space in our properties. If one of our properties
 
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were to lose an anchor tenant, this could impact the leases of other tenants, who may be able to modify or terminate their leases as a result.
Our properties may be leased at below-market rates under long-term leases.
We may seek to negotiate longer-term leases to reduce the cash flow volatility associated with lease rollovers, provided that we expect contractual rent increases would be generally included. In addition, where appropriate, we will seek leases that provide for operating expenses, or expense increases, to be paid by the tenants. These leases may allow tenants to renew the lease with pre-defined rate increases. If we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates (including, for example, as a result of increased inflation), or if our negotiated increases provide for a discount to then-current market rental rates (in exchange for lower volatility), we may set the rental rates of these long-term leases at levels such that even after contractual rental increases, the resulting rental rates are less than then-current market rental rates. Further, we may be unable to terminate those leases or adjust the rent to then-prevailing market rates. As a result, our income and distributions to our stockholders could be lower than if we did not enter into long-term leases.
We may experience material losses or damage related to our properties and such losses may not be covered by insurance.
We may experience material losses related to our properties arising from natural disasters, such as extreme weather events, climate change, earthquakes or floods, and acts of God, vandalism or other crime, faulty construction or accidents, fire, outbreaks of an infectious disease, pandemic or any other serious public health concern, war, acts of terrorism or other catastrophes. We plan to carry insurance covering our properties under policies the Adviser deems appropriate. The Adviser will select policy specifications and insured limits that it believes to be appropriate and adequate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. Insurance policies on our properties may include some coverage for losses that are generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to terrorism, earthquakes and floods, but we cannot assure you that it will be adequate to cover all losses and some of our policies will be insured subject to limitations involving large deductibles or co-payments and policy limits that may not be sufficient to cover losses. In general, losses related to terrorism are becoming harder and more expensive to insure against. In some cases, the insurers exclude terrorism, in others the coverage against terrorist acts is limited, or available only for a significant price. A similar dynamic has been unfolding with respect to certain weather and fire events, with insurers excluding certain investments that have high risk of weather, earthquake or fire events. As the effects of climate change increase, we expect the frequency and impact of weather and climate related events and conditions could increase as well. As a result, not all investments may be insured against terrorism, weather or fire. If we or one or more of our tenants experience a loss that is uninsured or that exceeds policy limits, we could lose the capital invested in the damaged properties as well as the anticipated future cash flows from those properties. In addition, if the damaged properties are subject to recourse indebtedness, we would continue to be liable for the indebtedness, even if these properties were irreparably damaged. Certain of these events, such as war or an outbreak of an infectious disease, could have a broader negative impact on the global or local economy, thereby affecting us or the Adviser.
We will face unique risks related to any development or redevelopment projects we undertake.
We may invest in real estate value creation opportunities that incorporate property refurbishment, redevelopment and development, which will subject us to the risks normally associated with these activities, including risks relating to the availability and timely receipt of zoning, occupancy and other regulatory approvals, required governmental permits and authorizations, the cost and timely completion of construction (including risks beyond our reasonable control, such as weather or labor conditions or material shortages), risks that the properties will not achieve anticipated sales or occupancy levels or sustain anticipated rentals and the availability of both construction and permanent financing on favorable terms. These risks could result in substantial unanticipated delays or expenses and, under certain circumstances, could prevent completion of refurbishment, redevelopment and development activities once undertaken, any of which could have an adverse effect on our performance. Investments undergoing refurbishment, redevelopment and development may receive little or no cash flow from the date of acquisition through the date of completion and may experience operating deficits after the date of completion. In addition, market conditions may change
 
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during the course of the project, which may make such refurbishment, redevelopment or development less attractive than at the time it was commenced.
Our investments in refurbishment, redevelopment and development properties may involve construction. The primary risks associated with new construction are cost overruns and delays. We will generally require developers to meet certain performance benchmarks with respect to construction progress as a condition of our investment. Although such developers may be required to guarantee completion of construction and be responsible for 100% of all cost overruns, delays may be beyond the control of such developers, and hence cannot always be fully mitigated. Additionally, developers may refuse or not be able to meet any previously agreed obligations or suffer financial difficulties, including insolvency. Should delays occur, an investment may be subject to a longer holding period, possibly reducing our returns. Developer guarantees may not include all costs or may not be fulfilled by the developer. Although we will attempt to mitigate some of the construction risk by requiring third-party surety guarantees for the completion of construction in some instances, affiliating only with development companies having significant net worth and cash flow to support completion guarantees, and in many cases requiring the deferral of developer fees and a portion of construction fees, there can be no assurances that we will be successful in so doing. Any increased construction costs could materially and adversely affect the return on our investments. We may enter into certain completion, environmental or non-recourse carve-out guarantees (or indemnify certain third parties, including joint venture partners with respect to such guarantees) with respect to one or more refurbishment, redevelopment and development properties. We may also guarantee the indebtedness or other obligations of any person in which we have made or propose to make such an investment (or one or more investment vehicles that may co-invest with us). As a result of such guarantees and indemnities, our losses with respect to an investment in refurbishment, redevelopment and development properties may exceed the total amount we invest in such investment.
Supply chain disruptions could create unexpected renovation or maintenance costs or delays and/or could impact our tenants’ businesses, any of which could materially adversely our results of operations.
The construction and building industry, similar to many other industries, has recently experienced worldwide supply chain disruptions due to a multitude of factors that are beyond our control, including the COVID-19 pandemic, and such disruptions may continue to occur. Materials, parts and labor have also increased in cost over the recent past, sometimes significantly and over a short period of time. Although we generally do not intend to engage in large-scale development projects, small-scale construction projects, such as building renovations and maintenance or and tenant improvements that may be required under leases may be routine and necessary part of our business. We may incur costs for a property renovation or maintenance that exceeds our original estimates due to increased costs for materials or labor or other costs that are unexpected. We also may be unable to complete renovation of a property or tenant space on schedule due to supply chain disruptions or labor shortages. Some tenants may have the right to terminate their leases if a renovation project is not completed on time. In addition, our tenants’ businesses may also be affected by supply chain issues, which could impact their ability to meet their obligations to us under their leases.
The impacts of climate-related initiatives at the U.S. federal and state levels remain uncertain at this time but could result in increased operating costs.
Government authorities and various interest groups are promoting laws and regulations that could limit greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions due to concerns over contributions to climate change. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (the “EPA”) has moved to regulate GHG emissions from large stationary sources, including electricity producers, and mobile sources, through fuel efficiency and other requirements, using its existing authority under the Clean Air Act. Moreover, certain state and regional programs are being implemented to require reductions in GHG emissions. Any additional taxation or regulation of energy use, including as a result of (i) the regulations that the EPA has proposed or may propose in the future, (ii) state programs and regulations, or (iii) renewed GHG legislative efforts by future Congresses, could result in increased operating costs that we may not be able to effectively pass on to our tenants. In addition, any increased regulation of GHG emissions could impose substantial costs on our industrial tenants. These costs include, for example, an increase in the cost of the fuel and other energy purchased by our industrial tenants and capital costs associated with updating or replacing their trucks
 
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earlier than planned. Any such increased costs could impact the financial condition of our industrial tenants and their ability to meet their lease obligations and to lease or re-lease our properties.
We could become subject to liability for environmental violations, regardless of whether we caused such violations.
We could become subject to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance with environmental laws and regulations. These laws and regulations generally govern wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid hazardous materials, the remediation of contaminated property associated with the disposal of solid and hazardous materials and other health and safety-related concerns. Some of these laws and regulations may impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners or managers for the costs of investigation or remediation of contaminated properties, regardless of fault or the legality of the original disposal. Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances, and regulations, a current or former owner or manager of real property may be liable for the cost to remove or remediate hazardous or toxic substances, wastes, or petroleum products on, under, from, or in such property. These costs could be substantial and liability under these laws may attach whether or not the owner or manager knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such contamination. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each liable party may be held entirely responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred.
In addition, third parties may sue the owner or manager of a property for damages based on personal injury, natural resources, or property damage and/or for other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting from the environmental contamination. The presence of contamination on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination, or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the property or borrow using the property as collateral. In addition, if contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws may impose restrictions on the manner in which the property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures or prevent us from entering into leases with prospective tenants. There can be no assurance that future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability, or that the environmental condition of our properties will not be affected by the operations of the tenants, by the existing condition of the land, by operations in the vicinity of the properties. There can be no assurance that these laws, or changes in these laws, will not have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. We could also suffer losses if reserves or insurance proceeds prove inadequate to cover any such matters. The cost to perform any remediation, and the cost to defend against any related claims, could exceed the value of the relevant investment, and in such cases we could be forced to satisfy the claims from other assets. We may have an indemnity from a third party purporting to cover these liabilities, but there can be no assurance as to the financial viability of any indemnifying party at the time a claim arises. In addition, some environmental laws create a lien on a contaminated asset in favor of governments or government agencies for costs they may incur in connection with the contamination.
Our costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (the “ADA”) may affect cash available for distributions.
Any domestic properties we acquire will generally be subject to the ADA. Under the ADA, all places of public accommodation are required to comply with federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. The ADA has separate compliance requirements for “public accommodations” and “commercial facilities” that generally require that buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. The ADA’s requirements could require removal of access barriers and could result in the imposition of injunctive relief, monetary penalties or, in some cases, an award of damages. We may not acquire properties that comply with the ADA or we may not be able to allocate the burden on the seller or other third party, such as a tenant, to ensure compliance with the ADA in all cases.
The properties we acquire will be subject to property taxes that may increase in the future, which could materially adversely affect our cash flow.
Any properties we acquire will be subject to real and personal property taxes that may increase as property tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Some of our
 
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leases may provide that the property taxes, or increases therein, are charged to the lessees as an expense related to the properties that they occupy. As the owner of the properties, however, we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the government. If property taxes increase, our tenants may be unable (or not obligated) to make the required tax payments, ultimately requiring us to pay the taxes. In addition, we are generally responsible for property taxes related to any vacant space. Consequently, any tax increases may materially adversely affect our results of operations at such properties.
Certain of our investments may be in the form of ground leases, which provide limited rights to the underlying property.
We may in the future invest from time to time in real properties that are subject to ground leases. As a lessee under a ground lease, we may be exposed to the possibility of losing the property upon termination, or an earlier breach by us, of the ground lease, which may adversely impact our investment performance. Furthermore, ground leases generally provide for certain provisions that limit the ability to sell certain properties subject to the lease. To assign or transfer rights and obligations under certain ground leases, we will generally need to obtain consent of the landlord of such property, which, in turn, could adversely impact the price realized from any such sale.
A significant number of our properties may be special use and/or build-to-suit and may be difficult to sell or relet upon tenant defaults or lease terminations.
A significant number of our properties may include special use and/or build-to-suit properties. These types of properties are relatively illiquid compared to other types of real estate and financial assets and this illiquidity will limit our ability to quickly change our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. With such properties, if the current lease is terminated or not renewed, we may be required to renovate the property or to make rent concessions in order to lease the property to another tenant, finance the property or sell the property. In addition, in the event we are forced to sell the property, we may have difficulty selling it to a party other than the tenant or borrower due to the special purpose for which the property may have been designed. These and other limitations may affect our ability to sell or relet our properties and materially adversely affect our results of operations.
We face risks in effecting operating improvements.
In some cases, the success of an investment will depend, in part, on our ability to restructure and effect improvements in the operations of a property. The activity of identifying and implementing restructuring programs and operating improvements at a property entails a high degree of uncertainty. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully identify and implement such restructuring programs and improvements.
Our industrial tenants may be adversely affected by a decline in manufacturing activity in the United States.
Fluctuations in manufacturing activity in the United States may adversely affect our industrial tenants and therefore the demand for and profitability of our properties. Trade agreements with foreign countries have given employers the option to utilize less expensive foreign manufacturing workers. Outsourcing manufacturing activities could reduce the demand for U.S. workers, thereby reducing the profitability of our industrial tenants and the demand for and profitability of our properties.
We intend to invest in commercial properties subject to net leases, which could subject us to losses.
We intend to invest in commercial properties subject to net leases. Typically, net leases require the tenants to pay substantially all of the operating costs associated with the properties. As a result, the value of, and income from, investments in commercial properties subject to net leases will depend, in part, upon the ability of the applicable tenant to meet its obligations to maintain the property under the terms of the net lease. If a tenant fails or becomes unable to so maintain a property, we will be subject to all risks associated with owning the underlying real estate. In addition, we may have limited oversight into the operations or the managers of these properties, subject to the terms of the net leases.
 
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Certain commercial properties subject to net leases in which we may invest may be occupied by a single tenant and, therefore, the success of such investments is largely dependent on the financial stability of each such tenant. A default of any such tenant on its lease payments to us would cause us to lose the revenue from the property and cause us to have to find an alternative source of revenue to meet any mortgage payment and prevent a foreclosure if the property is subject to a mortgage. In the event of a default, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur substantial costs in protecting our investment and re-letting our property. If a lease is terminated, we may also incur significant losses to make the leased premises ready for another tenant and experience difficulty or a significant delay in re-leasing such property.
In addition, net leases typically have longer lease terms and, thus, there is an increased risk that contractual rental increases in future years will fail to result in fair market rental rates during those years.
We may acquire these investments through sale-leaseback transactions, which involve the purchase of a property and the leasing of such property back to the seller thereof. If we enter into a sale-leaseback transaction, we will seek to structure any such sale-leaseback transaction such that the lease will be characterized as a “true lease” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, thereby allowing us to be treated as the owner of the property for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, we cannot assure you that the IRS will not challenge such characterization. In the event that any such sale-leaseback transaction is challenged and recharacterized as a financing transaction or loan for U.S. federal income tax purposes, deductions for depreciation and cost recovery relating to such property would be disallowed, and the timing of our income inclusion could differ from that of the lease payments. If a sale-leaseback transaction were so recharacterized (or otherwise not respected as a lease), we might fail to satisfy the REIT qualification “asset tests” or “income tests” and, consequently, lose our REIT status effective with the year of recharacterization. Alternatively, the amount of our REIT taxable income could be recalculated, which might also cause us to fail to meet the REIT distribution requirement for a taxable year.
If a tenant of a net lease defaults and we are unable to find a replacement tenant, we may attempt to hold and operate the relevant property ourselves through a taxable REIT subsidiary, which would subject income on the property to corporate-level taxation, thereby reducing our funds available for distribution. In certain circumstances, depending on how much capacity we have available of the total value we are permitted to hold in taxable REIT subsidiaries under applicable rules, we may not be able to hold and operate the property in a taxable REIT subsidiary, which could result in the property and the related income not satisfying the REIT qualification asset and income tests and could jeopardize our REIT status.
Technological or other innovations may disrupt the markets and sectors in which we operate and subject us to increased competition or negatively impact the tenants of our properties and the value of our properties.
Current trends in the real estate market generally have been toward disrupting the industry with technological or other innovations, and multiple young companies have been successful in capitalizing on this trend toward disruption. In this period of rapid technological and commercial innovation, new businesses and approaches may be created that could affect us, tenants of our properties or our investments or alter the market practices that help frame our strategy. For example, the value of our future industrial warehouse properties may be affected if supply chains evolve in a way that decreases the need for traditional warehousing. Such new approaches could damage our future investments, significantly disrupt the market in which we operate and subject us to increased competition, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Moreover, given the pace of innovation in recent years, the impact on a particular investment may not have been foreseeable at the time we made the investment. Furthermore, we could base investment decisions on views about the direction or degree of innovation that prove inaccurate and lead to losses.
Rising inflation may materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Inflation in the United States has recently accelerated and is currently expected to continue at an elevated level in the near-term. Rising inflation could have an adverse impact on any floating rate mortgages, credit facility and general and administrative expenses, as these costs could increase at a rate higher than our rental and other revenue. Inflation could also have an adverse effect on consumer spending, which could impact our tenants’ revenues and, in turn, our percentage rents, where applicable.
 
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In addition, leases of long-term duration or which include renewal options that specify a maximum rate increase may result in below-market lease rates over time if we do not accurately estimate inflation or market lease rates. Provisions of our leases designed to mitigate the risk of inflation and unexpected increases in market lease rates, such as periodic rental increases, may not adequately protect us from the impact of inflation or unexpected increases in market lease rates. If we are subject to below-market lease rates on a significant number of our properties pursuant to long-term leases and our operating and other expenses are increasing faster than anticipated, our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations or to pay distributions on shares of our common stock could be materially adversely affected.
Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate-Related Investments
Investments in real estate debt are subject to risks including various creditor risks and early redemption features, which may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The real estate debt and other real estate-related assets in which we may invest may include secured or unsecured debt at various levels of an issuer’s capital structure. The real estate debt in which we may invest may not be protected by financial covenants or limitations upon additional indebtedness, may be illiquid or have limited liquidity, and may not be rated by a credit rating agency. Real estate debt is also subject to other creditor risks, including (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a “fraudulent conveyance” under relevant creditors’ rights laws, (ii) so-called lender liability claims by the issuer of the obligation and (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations. Our investments may be subject to early redemption features, refinancing options, pre-payment options or similar provisions which, in each case, could result in the issuer repaying the principal on an obligation held by us earlier than expected, resulting in a lower return to us than anticipated or reinvesting in a new obligation at a lower return to us.
Our debt investments may face prepayment risk and interest rate fluctuations that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
During periods of declining interest rates, the issuer of a security or borrower under a loan may exercise its option to prepay principal earlier than scheduled, forcing us to reinvest the proceeds from such prepayment in lower yielding securities or loans, which may result in a decline in our return. Debt investments frequently have call features that allow the issuer to redeem the security at dates prior to its stated maturity at a specified price (typically greater than par) only if certain prescribed conditions are met. An issuer may choose to redeem a debt security if, for example, the issuer can refinance the debt at a lower cost due to declining interest rates or an improvement in the credit standing of the issuer. In addition, the market price of our investments will change in response to changes in interest rates and other factors. During periods of declining interest rates, the market price of fixed-rate debt investments generally rises. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the market price of such investments generally declines. The magnitude of these fluctuations in the market price of debt investments is generally greater for securities with longer maturities. If the U.S. Federal Reserve or other relevant central banks increase benchmark interest rates, this could also negatively impact the price of debt instruments and could adversely affect the value of our real estate debt investments and the NAV per share of our common stock.
Reinvestment risk could affect the price for our shares of common stock or their overall returns.
Reinvestment risk is the risk that income from our portfolio will decline if we invest the proceeds from matured, traded or called securities at market interest rates that are below our real estate debt portfolio’s current earnings rate. A decline in income could affect the NAV of our shares of common stock or their overall returns.
Debt-oriented real estate investments face a number of general market-related risks that can affect the creditworthiness of issuers, and modifications to certain loan structures and market terms make it more difficult to monitor and evaluate investments.
Any deterioration of real estate fundamentals generally, and in the United States in particular, could negatively impact our performance by making it more difficult for issuers to satisfy their debt payment
 
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obligations, increasing the default risk applicable to issuers, and/or making it relatively more difficult for us to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns. Changes in general economic conditions will affect the creditworthiness of issuers and/or real estate collateral relating to our investments and may include economic and/or market fluctuations, changes in environmental and zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, regulatory limitations on rents, decreases in property values, changes in the appeal of properties to tenants, changes in supply and demand for competing properties in an area (as a result, for instance, of overbuilding), fluctuations in real estate fundamentals (including average occupancy, operating income and room rates for hotel properties), the financial resources of tenants, changes in availability of debt financing which may render the sale or refinancing of properties difficult or impracticable, changes in building, environmental and other laws, energy and supply shortages, various uninsured or uninsurable risks, natural disasters, political events, trade barriers, currency exchange controls, changes in government regulations (such as rent control), changes in real property tax rates and operating expenses, changes in interest rates, changes in the availability of debt financing and/or mortgage funds which may render the sale or refinancing of properties difficult or impracticable, increased mortgage defaults, increases in borrowing rates, outbreaks of an infectious disease, epidemics/pandemics or other serious public health concerns, negative developments in the economy or political climate that depress travel activity (including restrictions on travel or quarantines imposed), environmental liabilities, contingent liabilities on disposition of assets, acts of God, terrorist attacks, war, demand and/or real estate values generally and other factors that are beyond the control of the Adviser. Such changes may develop rapidly and it may be difficult to determine the comprehensive impact of such changes on our investments, particularly for investments that may have inherently limited liquidity. These changes may also create significant volatility in the markets for our investments which could cause rapid and large fluctuations in the values of such investments. There can be no assurance that there will be a ready market for the resale of our debt investments because such investments may not be liquid. Illiquidity may result from the absence of an established market for the investments, as well as legal or contractual restrictions on their resale by us. The value of securities of companies which service the real estate business sector may also be affected by such risks.
The Adviser cannot predict whether economic conditions generally, and the conditions for real estate debt investing in particular, will deteriorate in the future. Declines in the performance of the U.S. and global economies or in the real estate debt markets could have a material adverse effect on our investment activities. In addition, market conditions relating to real estate debt investments have evolved since the financial crisis, which has resulted in a modification to certain loan structures and market terms. For example, it has become increasingly difficult for real estate debt investors in certain circumstances to receive full transparency with respect to underlying investments because transactions are often effectuated on an indirect basis through pools or conduit vehicles rather than directly with the borrower. These and other similar changes in loan structures or market terms may make it more difficult for us to monitor and evaluate investments.
The operating and financial risks of issuers and the underlying default risk across capital structures may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our real estate debt and other real estate-related investments will involve credit or default risk, which is the risk that an issuer or borrower will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt when due. The risk of default and losses on real estate debt and other real estate-related instruments will be affected by a number of factors, including global, regional and local economic conditions, interest rates, the commercial real estate market in general, an issuer’s equity and the financial circumstances of the issuer, as well as general economic conditions. Such default risk will be heightened to the extent we make relatively junior investments in an issuer’s capital structure since such investments are structurally subordinate to more senior tranches in such issuer’s capital structure, and our overall returns would be adversely affected to the extent one or more issuers is unable to meet its debt payment obligations when due. To the extent we hold an equity or “mezzanine” interest in any issuer that is unable to meet its debt payment obligations, such equity or mezzanine interest could become subordinated to the rights of such issuer’s creditors in a bankruptcy. See “— We may invest in subordinated debt, which is subject to greater credit risk than senior debt” below. Furthermore, the financial performance of one or more issuers could deteriorate as a result of, among other things, adverse developments in their businesses, changes in the competitive environment or an economic downturn. As a result, underlying properties or issuers that we expected to be stable may operate, or expect to operate, at a loss or have significant fluctuations in ongoing operating results,
 
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may otherwise have a weak financial condition or be experiencing financial distress and subject our investments to additional risk of loss and default.
We may invest in high-yield debt, which is generally subject to more risk than higher rated securities.
Debt that is, at the time of purchase, rated below investment grade (below Baa by Moody’s and below BBB by S&P and Fitch), an equivalent rating assigned by another nationally recognized statistical rating organization or unrated but judged by the Adviser to be of comparable quality are commonly referred to as “high-yield” securities.
Investments in high-yield securities generally provide greater income and increased opportunity for capital appreciation than investments in higher quality securities, but they also typically entail greater price volatility and principal and income risk, including the possibility of issuer default and bankruptcy. High-yield securities are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Debt instruments in the lowest investment grade category also may be considered to possess some speculative characteristics by certain rating agencies. In addition, analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high-yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality securities.
High-yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high yield security prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of an issuer to make principal and interest payments on its debt obligations. If an issuer of high yield securities defaults, in addition to risking non-payment of all or a portion of interest and principal, we may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. The market prices of high-yield securities structured as zero-coupon, step-up or payment-in-kind securities will normally be affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and therefore tend to be more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest currently and in cash.
The secondary market on which high-yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for investment grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading market could adversely affect the price at which we could sell a high yield security, and could adversely affect the NAV of our shares. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield securities, especially in a thinly-traded market. When secondary markets for high yield securities are less liquid than the market for investment grade securities, it may be more difficult to value the securities because such valuation may require more research, and elements of judgment may play a greater role in the valuation because there is less reliable, objective data available. During periods of thin trading in these markets, the spread between bid and asked prices is likely to increase significantly and we may have greater difficulty selling our portfolio securities. We will be more dependent on the Adviser’s research and analysis when investing in high-yield securities.
Some of our real estate-related securities investments may become distressed, which securities would have a high risk of default and may be illiquid.
While it is generally anticipated that our real estate-related securities investments will focus primarily on investments in non-distressed real estate-related interests (based on our belief that there is not a low likelihood of repayment), our investments may become distressed following our acquisition thereof. Additionally, we may invest in real estate debt investments that we believe are available to purchase at “discounted” rates or “undervalued” prices. Purchasing real estate debt at what may appear to be “undervalued” or “discounted” levels is no guarantee that these investments will generate attractive returns to us or will not be subject to further reductions in value. There is no assurance that such investments can be acquired at favorable prices, that such investments will not default, or that the market for such interests will improve. In addition, the market conditions for real estate debt investments may deteriorate further, which could have an adverse effect on the performance of our investments.
During an economic downturn or recession, securities of financially troubled or operationally troubled issuers are more likely to go into default than securities of other issuers. Securities of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers are less liquid and more volatile than securities of companies not
 
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experiencing financial difficulties. The market prices of such securities are subject to erratic and abrupt market movements and the spread between bid and asked prices may be greater than normally expected. Investment in the securities of financially troubled issuers and operationally troubled issuers involves a high degree of credit and market risk. There is no assurance that the Adviser will correctly evaluate the value of the assets collateralizing such investments or the prospects for a successful reorganization or similar action.
These financial difficulties may never be overcome and may cause issuers to become subject to bankruptcy or other similar administrative proceedings, or may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations or restructuring, which may entail, among other things, an extension of the term, a substantial reduction in the interest rate, a substantial writedown of the principal of such investment and other concessions which could adversely affect our returns on the investment. There is a possibility that we may incur substantial or total losses on our investments and in certain circumstances, subject us to certain additional potential liabilities that may exceed the value of our original investment therein.
For example, under certain circumstances, a lender who has inappropriately exercised control over the management and policies of a debtor may have its claims subordinated or disallowed or may be found liable for damages suffered by parties as a result of such actions. In any reorganization or liquidation proceeding relating to our investments, we may lose our entire investment, may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than our original investment and/or may be required to accept different terms, including payment over an extended period of time. In addition, under certain circumstances payments to us may be reclaimed if any such payment or distribution is later determined to have been a fraudulent conveyance, preferential payment, or similar transactions under applicable bankruptcy and insolvency laws. Furthermore, bankruptcy laws and similar laws applicable to administrative proceedings may delay our ability to realize on collateral for loan positions we held, or may adversely affect the economic terms and priority of such loans through doctrines such as equitable subordination or may result in a restructure of the debt through principles such as the “cramdown” provisions of the bankruptcy laws.
However, even if a restructuring were successfully accomplished, a risk exists that, upon maturity of such investment, replacement “takeout” financing will not be available, resulting in an inability by the issuer to repay the investment. Although unlikely, it is possible that the Adviser may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on collateral securing one or more real estate debt we acquire. The foreclosure process varies jurisdiction by jurisdiction and can be lengthy and expensive. Issuers often resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against the holder of a real estate loan, including, without limitation, lender liability claims and defenses, even when such assertions may have no basis in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action, which often prolongs and complicates an already difficult and time consuming process. In some states or other jurisdictions, foreclosure actions can take up to several years or more to conclude. During the foreclosure proceedings, an issuer may have the ability to file for bankruptcy, potentially staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the foreclosure process. Foreclosure litigation tends to create a negative public image of the collateral property and may result in disrupting ongoing leasing, management, development and other operations of the property. In the event we foreclose on a debt investment, we will be subject to the risks associated with owning and operating real estate.
Certain risks associated with CMBS may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We may invest a portion of our assets in pools or tranches of CMBS, including horizontal and other risk retention investments. The collateral underlying CMBS generally consists of commercial mortgages on real property that has a multifamily or commercial use, such as retail space, office buildings, warehouse property and hotels, and which from time to time include assets or properties owned directly or indirectly by one or more Other BGO Accounts. CMBS have been issued in a variety of issuances, with varying structures including senior and subordinated classes. The commercial mortgages underlying CMBS generally face the risks described above in “— We may invest in commercial mortgage loans that are non-recourse in nature and include limited options for financial recovery in the event of default; an event of default may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.”
CMBS may also have structural characteristics that distinguish them from other securities. The interest rate payable on these types of securities may be set or effectively capped at the weighted average net coupon of the underlying assets themselves. As a result of this cap, the return to investors in such a security would
 
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be dependent on the relevant timing and rate of delinquencies and prepayments of mortgage loans bearing a higher rate of interest. In general, early prepayments will have a greater impact on the yield to investors. Federal and state law may also affect the return to investors by capping the interest rates payable by certain mortgagors. Certain mortgage-backed securities may provide for the payment of only interest for a stated period of time. In addition, in a bankruptcy or similar proceeding involving the originator or the servicer of the CMBS (often the same entity or an affiliate), the assets of the issuer of such securities could be treated as never having been truly sold to the originator to the issuer and could be substantively consolidated with those of the originator, or the transfer of such assets to the issuer could be voided as a fraudulent transfer.
The credit markets, including the CMBS market, have periodically experienced decreased liquidity on the primary and secondary markets during periods of market volatility. Such market conditions could re-occur and would impact the valuations of our investments and impair our ability to sell such investments if we were required to liquidate all or a portion of our CMBS investments quickly. Additionally, certain of our securities investments, such as horizontal or other risk retention investments in CMBS, may have certain holding period and other restrictions that limit our ability to sell such investments.
Concentrated CMBS investments may pose specific risks beyond the control of the Adviser that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Default risks with respect to CMBS investments may be further pronounced in the case of single-issuer CMBSs or CMBSs secured by a small or less diverse collateral pool. At any one time, a portfolio of CMBS may be backed by commercial mortgage loans disproportionately secured by properties in only a few states, regions or foreign countries. As a result, such investments may be more susceptible to geographic risks relating to such areas, including adverse economic conditions, declining home values, adverse events affecting industries located in such areas and other factors beyond the control of the Adviser relative to investments in multi-issuer CMBS or a pool of mortgage loans having more diverse property locations.
The quality of the CMBS is dependent on the credit quality and selection of the mortgages for each issuance.
CMBS are also affected by the quality of the credit extended. As a result, the quality of the CMBS is dependent upon the selection of the commercial mortgages for each issuance and the cash flow generated by the commercial real estate assets, as well as the relative diversification of the collateral pool underlying such CMBS and other factors such as adverse selection within a particular tranche or issuance.
There are certain risks associated with the insolvency of obligations backing mortgage-backed securities and other investments.
The real estate loans backing the mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and other investments may be subject to various laws enacted in the jurisdiction or state of the borrower for the protection of creditors. If an unpaid creditor files a lawsuit seeking payment, the court may invalidate all or part of the borrower’s debt as a fraudulent conveyance, subordinate such indebtedness to existing or future creditors of the borrower or recover amounts previously paid by the borrower in satisfaction of such indebtedness, based on certain tests for borrower insolvency and other facts and circumstances, which may vary by jurisdiction. There can be no assurance as to what standard a court would apply in order to determine whether the borrower was “insolvent” after giving effect to the incurrence of the indebtedness constituting the mortgage backing the MBS and other investments, or that regardless of the method of valuation, a court would not determine that the borrower was “insolvent” after giving effect to such incurrence. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a borrower, payments made on such mortgage loans could be subject to avoidance as a “preference” if made within a certain period of time (which may be as long as one year and one day) before insolvency.
There are certain risks associated with MBS interest shortfalls.
Our MBS investments may be subject to interest shortfalls due to interest collected from the underlying loans not being sufficient to pay accrued interest to all of the MBS interest holders. Interest shortfalls to the MBS trust will occur when the servicer does not advance full interest payments on defaulted loans. The servicer in a MBS trust is required to advance monthly principal and interest payments due on a delinquent loan. Once a loan is delinquent for a period of time (generally 60 days), the servicer is required to obtain a new appraisal to determine the value of the property securing the loan. The servicer is only required to
 
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advance interest based on the lesser of the loan amount or 90%, generally, of the appraised value. Interest shortfalls occur when 90%, generally, of the appraised value is less than the loan amount and the servicer does not advance interest on the full loan amount. The resulting interest shortfalls impact interest payments on the most junior class in the trust first. As interest shortfalls increase, more senior classes may be impacted. Over time, senior classes may be reimbursed for accumulated shortfalls if the delinquent loans are resolved, but there is no guarantee that shortfalls will be collected. Interest shortfalls to the MBS trust may also occur as a result of accumulated advances and expenses on defaulted loans. When a defaulted loan or foreclosed property is liquidated, the servicer will be reimbursed for accumulated advances and expenses prior to payments to MBS bond holders. If proceeds are insufficient to reimburse the servicer or if a defaulted loan is modified and not foreclosed, the servicer is able to make a claim on interest payments that is senior to the bond holders to cover accumulated advances and expenses. If the claim is greater than interest collected on the loans, interest shortfalls could impact one or more bond classes in a MBS trust until the servicer’s claim is satisfied.
We may acquire MBS affiliated with BGO.
We may acquire MBS whereby mortgages underlying the MBS were issued or acquired by, properties underlying the mortgages in the MBS are owned by, and/or the MBS is serviced or structured by, a BGO affiliate. While we may acquire such MBS from third parties on terms already negotiated by and agreed with third parties and will forgo certain non-economic rights (including voting rights) in such MBS as long as the affiliation persists, which we believe should mostly mitigate any conflicts of interest, there is no assurance that such procedures will adequately address all of the conflicts of interest that may arise or will address such conflicts in a manner that results in the allocation of a particular investment opportunity to us or is otherwise favorable to us. Since certain of our executives are also executives of BGO, the same personnel may determine the price and terms for the investments for both us and these entities and there can be no assurance that any procedural protections, such as obtaining market prices or other reliable indicators of fair value, will prevent the consideration we pay for these investments from exceeding their fair value or ensure that we receive terms for a particular investment opportunity that are as favorable as those available from an independent third party.
Our CMBS investments face risks associated with extensions that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our CMBS and other investments may be subject to extension, resulting in the term of the securities being longer than expected. Extensions are affected by a number of factors, including the general availability of financing in the market, the value of the related mortgaged property, the borrower’s equity in the mortgaged property, the financial circumstances of the borrower, fluctuations in the business operated by the borrower on the mortgaged property, competition, general economic conditions and other factors. Such extensions may also be made without the Adviser’s consent.
There are certain risks associated with the servicers of commercial real estate loans underlying CMBS and other investments.
The exercise of remedies and successful realization of liquidation proceeds relating to commercial real estate loans underlying CMBS and other investments may be highly dependent on the performance of the servicer or special servicer. The servicer may not be appropriately staffed or compensated to immediately address issues or concerns with the underlying loans. Such servicers may exit the business and need to be replaced, which could have a negative impact on the portfolio due to lack of focus during a transition. Special servicers frequently are affiliated with investors who have purchased the most subordinate bond classes, and certain servicing actions, such as a loan extension instead of forcing a borrower pay off, may benefit the subordinate bond classes more so than the senior bonds. While servicers are obligated to service the portfolio subject to a servicing standard and maximize the present value of the loans for all bond classes, servicers with an affiliate investment in the CMBS or other investments may have a conflict of interest. There may be a limited number of special servicers available, particularly those which do not have conflicts of interest. In addition, to the extent any such servicers fail to effectively perform their obligations pursuant to the applicable servicing agreements, such failure may adversely affect our investments.
 
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We may invest in commercial mortgage loans that are non-recourse in nature and include limited options for financial recovery in the event of default; an event of default may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We may invest from time to time in commercial mortgage loans, including mezzanine loans and B-notes, which are secured by residential, commercial or other properties and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure and risks of loss. Commercial real estate loans are generally not fully amortizing, which means that they may have a significant principal balance or balloon payment due on maturity. Full satisfaction of the balloon payment by a commercial borrower is heavily dependent on the availability of subsequent financing or a functioning sales market, as well as other factors such as the value of the property, the level of prevailing mortgage rates, the borrower’s equity in the property and the financial condition and operating history of the property and the borrower. In certain situations, and during periods of credit distress, the unavailability of real estate financing may lead to default by a commercial borrower. In addition, in the absence of any such takeout financing, the ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property will depend upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower. If the net operating income of the property is reduced, the borrower’s ability to repay the loan may be impaired. Furthermore, we may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in commercial mortgage loans, either when investigating a potential investment or after making an investment, as compared to publicly traded securities.
Commercial mortgage loans are usually non-recourse in nature. Therefore, if a commercial borrower defaults on the commercial mortgage loan, then the options for financial recovery are limited in nature. To the extent the underlying default rates with respect to the pool or tranche of commercial real estate loans in which we directly or indirectly invest increase, the performance of our investments related thereto may be adversely affected. Default rates and losses on commercial mortgage loans will be affected by a number of factors, including global, regional and local economic conditions in the area where the mortgage properties are located, the borrower’s equity in the mortgage property, the financial circumstances of the borrower, tenant mix and tenant bankruptcies, property management decisions, including with respect to capital improvements, property location and condition, competition from other properties offering the same or similar services, environmental conditions, real estate tax rates, tax credits and other operating expenses, governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, acts of God, terrorism, social unrest and civil disturbances. A continued decline in specific commercial real estate markets and property valuations may result in higher delinquencies and defaults and potentially foreclosures. In the event of default, the lender will have no right to assets beyond collateral attached to the commercial mortgage loan. The overall level of commercial mortgage loan defaults remains significant and market values of the underlying commercial real estate remain distressed in many cases. It has also become increasingly difficult for lenders to dispose of foreclosed commercial real estate without incurring substantial investment losses, ultimately leading to a decline in the value of such investments.
In the event of any default under a mortgage or real estate loan held directly by us, we will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage or real estate loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our profitability. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage or real estate loan borrower, the mortgage or real estate loan to such borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the mortgage or real estate loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Additionally, in the event of a default under any senior debt, the junior or subordinate lender generally forecloses on the equity, purchases the senior debt or negotiates a forbearance or restructuring arrangement with the senior lender in order to preserve its collateral.
We may invest in structured products or similar products that may include structural and legal risks.
We may invest from time to time in structured products, including pools of mortgages, loans and other real estate-related interests. These investments may include debt securities issued by a private investment fund that invests, on a leveraged basis, in bank loans, high-yield debt or other asset groups, certificates issued by a structured investment vehicle that holds pools of commercial mortgage loans. We may also invest in credit
 
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risk transfer notes that, while not structured products, face similar risks as structured products because they are debt securities issued by governmental agencies but their value depends in part on a pool of mortgage loans. Our investments in structured products will be subject to a number of risks, including risks related to the fact that the structured products will be leveraged, and other structural and legal risks related thereto. Utilization of leverage is a speculative investment technique and will generally magnify the opportunities for gain and risk of loss borne by an investor investing in the subordinated debt securities. Many structured products contain covenants designed to protect the providers of debt financing to such structured products. A failure to satisfy those covenants could result in the untimely liquidation of the structured product and a complete loss of our investment therein. In addition, if the particular structured product is invested in a security in which we are also invested, this would tend to increase our overall exposure to the credit of the issuer of such securities, at least on an absolute, if not on a relative basis. The value of an investment in a structured product will depend on the investment performance of the assets in which the structured product invests and will, therefore, be subject to all of the risks associated with an investment in those assets. These risks include the possibility of a default by, or bankruptcy of, the issuers of such assets or a claim that the pledging of collateral to secure any such asset constituted a fraudulent conveyance or preferential transfer that can be subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuer of such asset or nullified under applicable law.
We may acquire and sell residential credit investments, which may subject us to legal, regulatory and other risks that could adversely impact our business and financial results.
We may invest directly and indirectly in residential credit investments, which may include performing loans, nonperforming loans, residential mortgage loans and RMBS, which represent interests in pools of residential mortgage loans secured by one to four family residential mortgage loans. Investments in residential credit (including RMBS) are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including credit, market, interest rate, structural and legal risk. These risks may be magnified by volatility in the economy and in real estate markets generally. Any downturn in the U.S. or global economies may adversely affect the financial condition of residential owners and tenants, making it more difficult for them to meet their periodic repayment obligations relating to residential real estate. Residential credits are not traded on an exchange and there may be a limited market for the securities, especially when there is a perceived weakness in the mortgage and real estate market sectors. In addition, interest and principal payments for RMBS are made more frequently than traditional debt securities and the principal of any RMBS may often be prepaid at any time because the underlying residential mortgage loans may be prepaid at any time.
Residential mortgage loans are obligations of the borrowers thereunder only and are not typically insured or guaranteed by any other person or entity, although such loans may be securitized by government agencies and the securities issued may be guaranteed. The rate of defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans will be affected by a number of factors, including general economic conditions and those in the geographic area where the mortgaged property is located, the terms of the mortgage loan, the borrower’s equity in the mortgaged property, and the financial circumstances of the borrower. Certain mortgage loans may be of sub-prime credit quality (i.e., do not meet the customary credit standards of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Delinquencies and liquidation proceedings are more likely with sub-prime mortgage loans than with mortgage loans that satisfy customary credit standards. If a residential mortgage loan is in default, foreclosure of such residential mortgage loan may be a lengthy and difficult process, and may involve significant expenses. Furthermore, the market for defaulted residential mortgage loans or foreclosed properties may be very limited.
Residential mortgage loans in an issue of RMBS may also be subject to various U.S. federal and state laws, foreign laws, public policies and principles of equity that protect consumers which, among other things, may regulate interest rates and other fees, require certain disclosures, require licensing of originators, prohibit discriminatory lending practices, regulate the use of consumer credit information, and regulate debt collection practices. In addition, a number of legislative proposals have been introduced in the United States at the federal, state, and municipal level that are designed to discourage predatory lending practices. Violation of such laws, public policies, and principles may limit the servicer’s ability to collect all or part of the principal or interest on a residential mortgage loan, entitle the borrower to a refund of amounts previously paid by it, or subject the servicer to damages and administrative enforcement. Any such violation could also result in cash flow delays and losses on the related issue of RMBS.
 
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To the extent we invest in RMBS, which may include government mortgage pass-through securities and non-agency RMBS, we will be subject to certain other risks which may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
To the extent we invest in RMBS, our investments will be subject to the risks of defaults, foreclosure timeline extension, fraud, home price depreciation and unfavorable modification of loan principal amount, interest rate and amortization of principal accompanying the underlying residential mortgage loans. To the extent that assets underlying our investments are concentrated geographically, by property type or in certain other respects, we may be subject to certain of the foregoing risks to a greater extent. In the event of defaults on the residential mortgage loans that underlie our investments in RMBS and the exhaustion of any underlying or any additional credit support, we may not realize our anticipated return on our investments and we may incur a loss on these investments. At any one time, a portfolio of RMBS may be backed by residential mortgage loans with disproportionately large aggregate principal amounts secured by properties in only a few states or regions in the United States or in only a few foreign countries. As a result, the residential mortgage loans may be more susceptible to geographic risks relating to such areas, such as adverse economic conditions, adverse political changes, adverse events affecting industries located in such areas and natural hazards affecting such areas, than would be the case for a pool of mortgage loans having more diverse property locations. We may also acquire non-agency RMBS, which are backed by residential property but, in contrast to agency RMBS, their principal and interest are not guaranteed by federally chartered entities such as the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac and, in the case of the Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”), the U.S. government. In addition, we may invest in government mortgage pass-through securities, which represent participation interests in pools of residential mortgage loans purchased from individual lenders by a federal agency or originated by private lenders and guaranteed by a federal agency, including those issued or guaranteed by Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Ginnie Mae certificates are direct obligations of the U.S. Government and, as such, are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the United States. Fannie Mae is a federally chartered, privately owned corporation and Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States but the issuing agency or instrumentality has the right to borrow, to meet its obligations, from an existing line of credit with the U.S. Treasury. The U.S. Treasury has no legal obligation to provide such line of credit and may choose not to do so.
We will face risks related to our investments in collateralized debt obligations.
We may also invest from time to time in collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”). CDOs include, among other things, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. CDOs may charge a management fee and administrative expenses. For CLOs, the cash flows from the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in all but the most severe circumstances. Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CLO trust typically has higher ratings and lower yields than the underlying securities, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults and aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral and the class of the CDO in which we invest.
Normally, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, certain investments in CDOs may be characterized as illiquid securities and volatility in CLO and CDO trading markets may cause the value of these investments to decline. Moreover, if the underlying mortgage portfolio has been overvalued by the originator, or if the values subsequently decline and, as a result, less collateral value is available to satisfy interest and principal payments and any other fees in connection with the trust or other conduit arrangement for such securities, we may incur significant losses. Also, with respect to the CLOs and CDOs in which we may invest, control over the related underlying loans will be exercised through a special servicer or collateral manager designated by a “directing certificate
 
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holder” or a “controlling class representative,” or otherwise pursuant to the related securitization documents. We may acquire classes of CLOs or CDOs for which we may not have the right to appoint the directing certificate holder or otherwise direct the special servicing or collateral management. With respect to the management and servicing of those loans, the related special servicer or collateral manager may take actions that could adversely affect our interests. In addition to the risks associated with debt instruments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that we may invest in CDOs that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
We may invest in subordinated debt, which is subject to greater credit risk than senior debt.
We may from time to time invest in debt instruments, including junior tranches of CMBS and “mezzanine” or junior mortgage loans (e.g., B-Notes), that are subordinated in an issuer’s capital structure. To the extent we invest in subordinated debt of an issuer’s capital structure, including subordinated CMBS bonds or other “mezzanine” debt, such investments and our remedies with respect thereto, including the ability to foreclose on any collateral securing such investments, will be subject to the rights of holders of more senior tranches in an issuer’s capital structure and, to the extent applicable, contractual inter-creditor, co‑lender and participation agreement provisions.
Investments in subordinated debt involve greater credit risk of default and loss than the more senior classes or tranches of debt in an issuer’s capital structure. Subordinated tranches of debt instruments (including mortgage-backed securities) absorb losses from default before other more senior tranches of such instruments, which creates a risk particularly if such instruments (or securities) have been issued with little or no credit enhancement or equity. As a result, to the extent we invest in subordinate debt instruments (including mortgage-backed securities), we would likely receive payments or interest distributions after, and must bear the effects of losses or defaults on, the senior debt (including underlying mortgage loans, senior mezzanine debt or senior CMBS bonds) before, the holders of other more senior tranches of debt instruments with respect to such issuer.
We will face risks related to our investments in mezzanine loans.
Although not directly secured by the underlying real estate, mezzanine loans are also subject to risk of subordination and share certain characteristics of subordinate loan interests described above. As with commercial mortgage loans, repayment of a mezzanine loan is dependent on the successful operation of the underlying commercial properties and, therefore, is subject to similar considerations and risks. Mezzanine loans may also be affected by the successful operation of other properties, but mezzanine loans are not secured by interests in the underlying commercial properties.
With most mezzanine loans, the bulk of the loan balance is payable at maturity with a one-time “balloon payment.” Full satisfaction of the balloon payment by a borrower is heavily dependent on the availability of subsequent financing or a functioning sales market, and full satisfaction of a loan will be affected by a borrower’s access to credit or a functioning sales market. In certain situations, and during periods of credit distress, the unavailability of real estate financing may lead to default by a borrower. In addition, in the absence of any such takeout financing, the ability of a borrower to repay a loan may be impaired. Moreover, mezzanine loans are usually non-recourse in nature. Therefore, if a borrower defaults on the loan, then the options for financial recovery are limited in nature. To the extent the underlying default rates with respect to the pool or tranche of commercial real estate loans in which we directly or indirectly invests increase, the performance of our investments related thereto may be adversely affected.
B-Notes and A/B Structures may pose additional risks that may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We may invest in B-notes, which are mortgage loans typically (i) secured by a first mortgage on a commercial property or group of related properties and (ii) subordinated to an A-note portion of the same first mortgage secured by the same collateral (which we would not expect to hold). As a result, if a borrower
 
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defaults, there may not be sufficient funds remaining to repay B-note holders after payment to the A-note holders. Since each transaction is privately negotiated, B-notes can vary in their structural characteristics and risks. In addition to the risks described above, certain additional risks apply to B-note investments, including those described herein. The B-note portion of a loan is typically small relative to the overall loan, and is in the first loss position. As a means to protect against the holder of the A-note from taking certain actions or, receiving certain benefits to the detriment of the holder of the B-note, the holder of the B-note often (but not always) has the right to purchase the A-note from its holder. If available, this right may not be meaningful to us. For example, we may not have the capital available to protect our B-note interest or purchasing the A-note may alter our overall portfolio and risk/return profile to the detriment of our stockholders. In addition, a B-note may be in the form of a “rake bond.” A “rake bond” is a CMBS backed solely by a single promissory note secured by a mortgaged property, which promissory note is subordinate in right of payment to one or more separate promissory notes secured by the same mortgaged property.
We may invest in a wide range of real estate debt and real estate-related securities pursuant to our broad investment guidelines.
Pursuant to our broad investment guidelines, our real estate debt and real estate-related securities investments may include, but are not limited to, commercial mortgage loans, bank loans, mezzanine loans, other interests relating to real estate, debt of companies in the business of owning and/or operating real estate-related businesses, agency and non-agency RMBS, CMBS, CLOs, CDOs and publicly listed equity securities of real estate and real estate-related companies. The Adviser may also employ new investment techniques or invest in new instruments that it believes will help achieve our investment objectives, whether or not such investment techniques or instruments are specifically defined herein, so long as such investments are consistent with the investment guidelines and our charter. New investment techniques or instruments may not be thoroughly tested in the market before being employed and may have operational or theoretical shortcomings which could result in unsuccessful investments and, ultimately, losses to us. In addition, any new investment technique or instrument developed by us may be more speculative than earlier investment techniques or instruments and may involve material and unanticipated risks. Our board of directors may also change our investment guidelines without the consent of our stockholders.
We may invest in real estate-related equity, which is subordinate to any indebtedness, but involves different rights.
We may invest from time to time in non-controlling preferred equity positions, common equity and other real estate-related interests. Preferred equity investments generally rank junior to all existing and future indebtedness, including commercial mezzanine and mortgage loans, but rank senior to the owners’ common equity. Preferred equity investments typically pay a dividend rather than interest payments and often have the right for such dividends to accrue if there is insufficient cash flow to pay currently. These interests are not secured by the underlying real estate, but upon the occurrence of a default, the preferred equity provider typically has the right to effectuate a change of control with respect to the ownership of the property. In addition, equity investments may be illiquid or have limited liquidity due to lock-out periods, limited trading volume or other limitations or prohibitions against their transfer, sale, pledge or disposition, including any necessary registration with the SEC requiring coordination with the issuer for the sale of such securities. Our investments in real estate-related equity securities will involve risks relating to the particular issuer of the equity securities, including the financial condition and business outlook of the issuer. Issuers of real estate-related equity securities are subject to their own operating and other expenses and may be subject to a management fee and/or performance-based compensation (e.g., promote), which we as equity holders will indirectly bear. Issuers of real estate-related common equity securities generally invest in real estate or real estate-related assets and are subject to the inherent risks associated with real estate discussed in “— Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate.”
We may invest in real estate corporate debt, which consists of secured and unsecured obligations issued by companies in the business of owning and/or operating real estate-related businesses.
We may invest in corporate debt obligations of varying maturities issued by U.S. and foreign corporations and other business entities, which may include loans, corporate bonds, debentures, notes and other similar corporate debt instruments, including convertible securities. Bonds are fixed or variable rate debt
 
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obligations, including bills, notes, debentures, money market instruments and similar instruments and securities. Corporate debt is generally used by corporations and other issuers to borrow money from investors. The issuer pays the investor a rate of interest and normally must repay the amount borrowed on or before maturity. The rate of interest on corporate debt may be fixed, floating or variable, and may vary inversely with respect to a reference rate. The rate of return or return of principal on some debt obligations may be linked or indexed to the level of exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a foreign currency or currencies. Debt instruments may be acquired with warrants attached. Certain bonds are “perpetual” in that they have no maturity date.
Our investments in real estate-related corporate credit are subject to a number of risks, including interest rate risk, credit risk, high yield risk, issuer risk, foreign (non-U.S.) investment risk, inflation/​deflation risk, liquidity risk, smaller company risk and management risk. We generally will not have direct recourse to real estate assets owned or operated by the issuers of the corporate debt obligations that we invest in and the value of such corporate debt obligations may be impacted by numerous factors and may not be closely tied to the value of the real estate held by the corporate issuer.
We may invest in equity of other REITs that invest in real estate or real estate debt as one of their core businesses and other real estate-related companies, which subjects us to certain risks including those risks associated with an investment in our own common stock.
REITs that invest primarily in real estate or real estate debt are subject to the risks of the real estate market, the real estate debt market and the securities market.
REITs may be subject to a management fees and other expenses, and so when we invest in REITs we will bear our proportionate share of the costs of the REITs’ operations. Investing in REITs and real estate-related companies involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. The market value of REIT shares and the ability of the REIT to distribute income may be adversely affected by several factors, including the risks described herein that relate to an investment in our common stock. REITs depend generally on their ability to generate cash flow to make distributions to stockholders, and distributions received by us from REITs may consist of dividends, capital gains and/or return of capital. Generally, dividends received by us from REIT shares and distributed to our stockholders will not constitute “qualified dividend income” eligible for the reduced tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income. In addition, the performance of a REIT may be affected by changes in the tax laws or by its failure to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income.
REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risk. Rising interest rates may cause REIT investors to demand a higher annual yield, which may, in turn, cause a decline in the market price of the equity securities issued by a REIT.
Investing in certain REITs and real estate-related companies, which often have small market capitalizations, may also involve the same risks as investing in other small capitalization companies. REITs and real estate-related companies may have limited financial resources and their securities may trade less frequently and in limited volume and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than larger company securities.
We will face “spread widening” risk related to our investment in securities.
For reasons not necessarily attributable to any of the risks set forth herein (for example, supply/​demand imbalances or other market forces), the market spreads of the securities in which we invest may increase substantially causing the securities prices to fall. It may not be possible to predict, or to hedge against, such “spread widening” risk. The perceived discount in pricing described under “— Some of our real estate-related securities investments may become distressed, which securities would have a high risk of default and may be illiquid.” may still not reflect the true value of the real estate assets underlying such real estate debt in which we may invest, and therefore further deterioration in value with respect thereto may occur following our investment therein. In addition, mark-to-market accounting of our investments will have an interim effect on the reported value prior to realization of an investment.
 
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We may invest in derivatives, which involve numerous risks.
Subject to our compliance with the Code provisions related to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may enter into derivatives transactions including, but not limited to, options contracts, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, forward contracts, interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps and other swap agreements for investment, hedging or leverage purposes. Derivative instruments, especially when purchased in large amounts, may not be liquid in all circumstances, so that in volatile markets we may not be able to close out a position without incurring a loss. Our use of derivative instruments may be particularly speculative and involves investment risks and transaction costs to which we would not be subject absent the use of these instruments, and use of derivatives generally involves leverage in the sense that the investment exposure created by the derivatives may be significantly greater than our initial investment in the derivative. Leverage magnifies investment, market and certain other risks. Thus, the use of derivatives may result in losses in excess of principal and greater than if they had not been used. The value of such derivatives also depends upon the price of the underlying instrument or commodity. Such derivatives and other customized instruments also are subject to the risk of non-performance by the relevant counterparty. In addition, actual or implied daily limits on price fluctuations and speculative position limits on the exchanges or over-the-counter markets in which we may conduct our transactions in derivative instruments may prevent prompt liquidation of positions, subjecting us to the potential of greater losses. Derivative instruments that may be purchased or sold by us may include instruments not traded over-the-counter or on an exchange. The risk of nonperformance by the obligor on such an instrument may be greater and the ease with which we can dispose of or enter into closing transactions with respect to such an instrument may be less than in the case of an exchange-traded instrument. In addition, significant disparities may exist between “bid” and “asked” prices for derivative instruments that are traded over-the-counter and not on an exchange. Such over-the-counter derivatives are also subject to types and levels of investor protections or governmental regulation that may differ from exchange traded instruments.
Our ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Adviser. The skills needed to employ derivatives strategies are different from those needed to select portfolio investments and, in connection with such strategies, the Adviser must make predictions with respect to market conditions, liquidity, market values, interest rates or other applicable factors, which may be inaccurate. The use of derivative investments may require us to sell or purchase portfolio investments at inopportune times or for prices below or above the current market values, may limit the amount of appreciation we can realize on an investment or may cause us to hold a security that we might otherwise want to sell. We will also be subject to credit risk with respect to the counterparties to our derivatives contracts (whether a clearing corporation in the case of exchange-traded instruments or another third party in the case of over-the-counter instruments). In addition, the use of derivatives will be subject to additional unique risks associated with such instruments including a lack of sufficient asset correlation, heightened volatility in reference to interest rates or prices of reference instruments and duration/term mismatch, each of which may create additional risk of loss.
Absent our ability to rely upon available guidance from the CFTC that we are not a commodity pool, we, our board of directors or the Adviser, would be subject to additional regulation and required to comply with applicable CFTC disclosure, reporting, and recordkeeping requirements.
Registration with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) as a “commodity pool operator” or any change in our operations (including, without limitation, any change that causes us to be subject to certain specified covered statutory disqualifications) necessary to maintain our ability to rely upon CFTC Letter No. 12-13 or other exclusion from the definition of, or exemption from being regulated as a “commodity pool operator” with the CFTC could adversely affect our ability to implement our investment program, conduct our operations and/or achieve our objectives and subject us to certain additional costs, expenses and administrative burdens. Furthermore, any determination by us to cease or to limit trading in interests that may be treated as “commodity interests” in order to comply with the regulations of the CFTC may have an adverse effect on our ability to implement our investment objectives and to hedge risks associated with our operations.
We may make open market purchases or invest in traded securities.
We may invest in securities that are traded (publicly or through other active markets (including through private transactions)) and are, therefore, subject to the risks inherent in investing in traded securities. When
 
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investing in traded securities, we may be unable to obtain financial covenants or other contractual governance rights, including management rights that it might otherwise be able to obtain in making privately negotiated investments. Moreover, we may not have the same access to information in connection with investments in traded securities, either when investigating a potential investment or after making the investment, as compared to privately negotiated investments. Furthermore, we may be limited in our ability to make investments, and to sell existing investments, in traded securities because BGO may be deemed to have material, non-public information regarding the issuers of those securities or as a result of other internal policies or requirements. The inability to sell traded securities in these circumstances could materially adversely affect the investment results. In addition, securities acquired of a public company may, depending on the circumstances and securities laws of the relevant jurisdiction, be subject to lock-up periods.
Political changes may affect the real estate debt markets.
The current regulatory environment in the United States may be impacted by future legislative developments and the regulatory agenda of the then-current U.S. President. The U.S. Department of the Treasury has issued a series of recommendations in several reports for streamlining banking regulation and changing key features of the Dodd-Frank Act and other measures taken by regulators following the 2008 financial crisis.
The outcome of congressional and other elections creates uncertainty with respect to legal, tax and regulatory regimes in which we and our investments, as well as the Adviser and its affiliates, will operate. Any significant changes in, among other things, economic policy (including with respect to interest rates and foreign trade), the regulation of the investment management industry, tax law, immigration policy and/or government entitlement programs could have a material adverse impact on us and our investments.
We may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on certain of the loans or CMBS we acquire, and the foreclosure process may be lengthy and expensive.
We may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on certain of the loans or CMBS we acquire, and the foreclosure process may be lengthy and expensive. The protection of the terms of the applicable loan, including the validity or enforceability of the loan and the maintenance of the anticipated priority and perfection of the applicable security interests may not be adequate. Furthermore, claims may be asserted by lenders or borrowers that might interfere with enforcement of our rights. Borrowers may resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses against us, including, without limitation, lender liability claims and defenses, even when the assertions may have no basis in fact, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action and seek to force the lender into a modification of the loan or a favorable buy-out of the borrower’s position in the loan. In some states, foreclosure actions can take several years or more to litigate. At any time prior to or during the foreclosure proceedings, the borrower may file for bankruptcy or its equivalent, which would have the effect of staying the foreclosure actions and further delaying the foreclosure process and potentially result in a reduction or discharge of a borrower’s debt. Foreclosure may create a negative public perception of the related property, resulting in a diminution of its value, and in the event of any such foreclosure or other similar real estate owned-proceeding, we would also become the subject to the various risks associated with direct ownership of real estate, including environmental liabilities. Even if we are successful in foreclosing on a loan, the liquidation proceeds upon sale of the underlying real estate may not be sufficient to recover our cost basis in the loan, resulting in a loss to us. Furthermore, any costs or delays involved in the foreclosure of the loan or a liquidation of the underlying property will further reduce the net proceeds and, thus, increase the loss.
Risks Related to Debt Financing
We will incur mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings, which may increase our business risks, could hinder our ability to make distributions and could decrease the value of your investment.
The acquisition of investment properties may be financed in substantial part by borrowing, which increases our exposure to loss. Under our charter, we have a limitation that precludes us from borrowing in excess of 300% of our net assets, which approximates borrowing 75% of the cost of our investments (unless a majority of our independent directors approves any borrowing in excess of the limit and we disclose the
 
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justification for doing so to our stockholders in our next quarterly report), but such restriction does not restrict the amount of indebtedness we may incur with respect to any single investment. Our target leverage ratio after the Ramp-Up Period is 50% to 60%. Our leverage ratio is measured by dividing (i) consolidated property-level debt, entity-level debt and debt on real estate debt or real estate-related investments, net of cash and loan-related restricted cash, by (ii) the asset value of real estate investments (measured using the greater of fair market value and cost) plus the gross value in our real estate debt and real estate-related investments. See “Investment Objectives and Strategies — Borrowing Policies.” We may exceed our target leverage ratio, particularly during the Ramp-Up Period, a market downturn or in connection with a large acquisition. The use of leverage involves a high degree of financial risk and will increase the exposure of the investments to adverse economic factors such as rising interest rates, downturns in the economy or deteriorations in the condition of the investments. Principal and interest payments on indebtedness (including mortgages having “balloon” payments) will have to be made regardless of the sufficiency of cash flow from the properties. Our investments will be impaired by a smaller decline in the value of the properties than is the case where properties are owned with a proportionately smaller amount of debt.
We may incur or increase our mortgage debt by obtaining loans secured by a portfolio of some or all of the real estate acquired and may borrow under mortgages on properties after they are acquired. Depending on the level of leverage and decline in value, if mortgage payments are not made when due, one or more of the properties may be lost (and our investment therein rendered valueless) as a result of foreclosure by the mortgagee(s). A foreclosure may also have substantial adverse tax consequences for us.
Many of these same issues also apply to credit facilities which are expected to be in place at various times as well. For example, the loan documents for such facilities may include various coverage ratios, the continued compliance with which may not be completely within our control. If such coverage ratios are not met, the lenders under such credit facilities may declare any unfunded commitments to be terminated and declare any amounts outstanding to be due and payable. We may also rely on short-term financing that would be especially exposed to changes in availability.
Although borrowings by us have the potential to enhance overall returns that exceed our cost of funds, they will further diminish returns (or increase losses on capital) to the extent overall returns are less than our cost of funds. As a result, the possibilities of profit and loss are increased. Borrowing money to purchase properties provides us with the advantages of leverage, but exposes us to greater market risks and higher current expenses.
We may encounter adverse changes in the credit markets.
Any adverse changes in the global credit markets could make it more difficult for us to obtain favorable financing. Our ability to generate attractive investment returns for its shareholders will be adversely affected to the extent we are unable to obtain favorable financing terms. If we are unable to obtain favorable financing terms, it may not be able to adequately leverage our portfolio, may face increased financing expenses or may face increased restrictions on its investment activities, any of which would negatively impact our performance.
Inability to access funding could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and business.
Our results of operations, financial condition and business may be impacted by our ability to secure bank credit facilities (including term loans and revolving facilities), warehouse facilities and structured financing arrangements, public and private debt or bond issuances (including through securitizations), repurchase agreements and derivative instruments, in addition to transaction or asset specific funding arrangements and additional repurchase agreements on acceptable terms. We may also rely on short-term financing that would be especially exposed to changes in availability. Our access to sources of financing will depend upon a number of factors, over which we have little or no control, including:
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general economic or market conditions;
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the market’s view of the quality of our assets;
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the market’s perception of our growth potential; and
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our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions.
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We may need to periodically access the capital markets to, among other things, raise cash to fund new loans and investments. Unfavorable economic conditions, such as those caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, or capital market conditions may increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or could result in a decision by our potential lenders not to extend credit. An inability to successfully access the capital markets could limit our ability to grow our business and fully execute our business strategy and could decrease our earnings and liquidity. In addition, any dislocation or weakness in the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our lenders and could cause one or more of our lenders to be unwilling or unable to provide us with financing or to increase the costs of that financing. In addition, as regulatory capital requirements imposed on our lenders are increased, they may be required to limit, or increase the cost of, financing they provide to us. In general, this could potentially increase our financing costs and reduce our liquidity or require us to sell assets at an inopportune time or price. We cannot make assurances that we will be able to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all.
In certain cases, financings for our properties may be recourse to us.
Generally, commercial real estate financings are structured as non-recourse to the borrower, which limits a lender’s recourse to the property pledged as collateral for the loan, and not the other assets of the borrower or to any parent of borrower, in the event of a loan default. However, lenders customarily will require that a creditworthy parent entity enter into so-called “recourse carveout” guarantees to protect the lender against certain bad-faith or other intentional acts of the borrower in violation of the loan documents. A “bad boy” guarantee typically provides that the lender can recover losses from the guarantors for certain bad acts, such as fraud or intentional misrepresentation, intentional waste, willful misconduct, criminal acts, misappropriation of funds, voluntary incurrence of prohibited debt and environmental losses sustained by lender. In addition, “bad boy” guarantees typically provide that the loan will be a full personal recourse obligation of the guarantor, for certain actions, such as prohibited transfers of the collateral or changes of control and voluntary bankruptcy of the borrower. These financing arrangements with respect to our investments generally require “bad boy” guarantees from us and/or the Operating Partnership and in the event that such a guarantee is called, our assets could be adversely affected. Moreover, our “bad boy” guarantees could apply to actions of the joint venture partners associated with our investments. While the Adviser expects to negotiate indemnities from such joint venture partners to protect against such risks, there remains the possibility that the acts of such joint venture partner could result in liability to us under such guarantees. We may provide “bad boy” guarantees on behalf of Other BGO Accounts investing alongside us and as such guarantees are not for borrowed money, they will typically not be included under our leverage limitations.
If we draw on a line of credit to fund repurchases or for any other reason, our financial leverage ratio could increase beyond our target.
We may seek to obtain one or more lines of credit in an effort to provide for a ready source of liquidity for any business purpose, including to fund repurchases of shares of our common stock in the event that repurchase requests exceed our operating cash flow and/or net proceeds from our continuous offering. There can be no assurances that we will be able to obtain one or more lines of credit on financially reasonable terms or at all. In addition, we may not be able to obtain lines of credit of an appropriate size for our business. If we borrow under a line of credit to fund repurchases of shares of our common stock, our financial leverage will increase and may exceed our target leverage ratio. Our leverage may remain at the higher level until we receive additional net proceeds from our continuous offering or generate sufficient operating cash flow or proceeds from asset sales to repay outstanding indebtedness. In connection with a line of credit, distributions may be subordinated to payments required in connection with any indebtedness contemplated thereby. We may utilize a line of credit for the benefit of Other BGO Accounts that may invest alongside us in one or more investments. In such circumstances, we generally intend to disclose such arrangements as part of our reporting and enter into arrangements to cause any Other BGO Accounts to bear (or reimburse us for) their pro rata share of any costs and expenses (including interest payments) allocable to such extensions of credit.
 
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Increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our loan payments and adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Interest we pay on our loan obligations will reduce cash available for distributions. We may obtain variable rate loans, and as a result, increases in interest rates could increase our interest costs, which could reduce our cash flows and our ability to make distributions to you. In addition, if we need to repay loans during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments at times that may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments.
Volatility in the financial markets and challenging economic conditions could adversely affect our ability to secure debt financing on attractive terms and our ability to service or refinance any future indebtedness that we may incur.
The volatility of the global credit markets could make it more difficult to obtain favorable financing for investments. During periods of volatility, which often occur during economic downturns, generally credit spreads widen, interest rates rise, and investor demand for high yield debt declines. These trends result in reduced willingness by investment banks and other lenders to finance new investments and deterioration of available terms. If the overall cost of borrowing increases, either by increases in the index rates or by increases in lender spreads, the increased costs may result in future acquisitions generating lower overall economic returns and potentially reducing future cash flow available for distribution. Disruptions in the debt markets negatively impact our ability to borrow monies to finance the purchase of, or other activities related to, real estate assets. If we are unable to borrow monies on terms and conditions that we find acceptable, we likely will have to reduce the number of properties we can purchase, and the return on the properties we do purchase may be lower. In addition, we may find it difficult, costly or impossible to refinance indebtedness that is maturing. Moreover, to the extent that such marketplace events are not temporary, they could have an adverse impact on the availability of credit to businesses generally and could lead to an overall weakening of the U.S. economy.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to obtain additional loans. Loan documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage or dispose of the property or discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, loan documents may limit our ability to enter into or terminate certain operating or lease agreements related to the property. Loan documents may also require lender approval of certain actions and as a result of the lender’s failure to grant such approval, we may not be able to take a course of action we deem most profitable. These or other limitations may adversely affect our flexibility and our ability to make distributions to you and the value of your investment.
If we enter into financing arrangements involving balloon payment obligations, it may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
Some of our financing arrangements may require us to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. Our ability to make a balloon payment is uncertain and may depend upon our ability to obtain replacement financing or our ability to sell particular properties. At the time the balloon payment is due, we may or may not be able to refinance the balloon payment on terms as favorable as the original loan or sell the particular property at a price sufficient to make the balloon payment. Such a refinancing would be dependent upon interest rates and lenders’ policies at the time of refinancing, economic conditions in general and the value of the underlying properties in particular. The effect of a refinancing or sale could affect the rate of return to stockholders and the projected time of disposition of our assets.
We may use reverse repurchase agreements to finance our real estate-related securities investments, which may expose us to risks that could result in losses.
We may use reverse repurchase agreements as a form of leverage to finance our real estate-related securities investments, and the proceeds from reverse repurchase agreements are generally invested in additional securities. There is a risk that the market value of the securities acquired from the proceeds received
 
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in connection with a reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities underlying the reverse repurchase agreement that we have sold but remain obligated to repurchase. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the counterparty liquidates the securities we delivered to it under the reverse repurchase agreements following the occurrence of an event of default under the applicable repurchase agreement by us. In addition, there is a risk that the market value of the securities we retain may decline. If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement were to file for bankruptcy or experiences insolvency, we may be adversely affected. Furthermore, our counterparty may require us to provide additional margin in the form of cash, securities or other forms of collateral under the terms of the derivative contract. Also, in entering into reverse repurchase agreements, we bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the underlying securities. In addition, the interest costs associated with reverse repurchase agreements transactions may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition, and, in some cases, we may be worse off than if we had not used such instruments.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Subject to any limitations required to maintain qualification as a REIT, we may seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements, such as interest rate cap or collar agreements and interest rate swap agreements. These agreements involve risks, such as the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements and that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes. These interest rate hedging arrangements may create additional assets or liabilities from time to time that may be held or liquidated separately from the underlying property or loan for which they were originally established. Hedging may reduce the overall returns on our investments. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Changes to, or the elimination of, LIBOR may adversely affect interest expense related to borrowings under any future line of credit and real estate-related investments.
The London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”) is intended to represent the rate at which contributing banks may obtain short-term borrowings from each other in the London interbank market. On March 5, 2021, the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) publicly announced that (i) immediately after December 31, 2021, publication of the 1-week and 2-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings will permanently cease; (ii) immediately after June 30, 2023, publication of the overnight and 12-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings will permanently cease; and (iii) immediately after June 30, 2023, the 1-month, 3-month and 6-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be provided or, subject to the FCA’s consideration of the case, be provided on a synthetic basis and no longer be representative of the underlying market and economic reality they are intended to measure and that representativeness will not be restored. There is no assurance that the dates announced by the FCA will not change or that the administrator of LIBOR and/or regulators will not take further action that could impact the availability, composition or characteristics of LIBOR or the currencies and/or tenors for which LIBOR is published, and we recommend that you consult your advisors to stay informed of any such developments. In addition, certain regulated entities ceased entering into most new LIBOR contracts in connection with regulatory guidance or prohibitions. Public and private sector industry initiatives are currently underway to implement new or alternative reference rates to be used in place of LIBOR. There is no assurance that any such alternative reference rate will be similar to or produce the same value or economic equivalence as LIBOR or that it will have the same volume or liquidity as did LIBOR prior to its discontinuance, or unavailability or replacement, all of which may affect the value, volatility, or liquidity or return on a company’s loans, notes, derivatives and other instruments or investments comprising some or all its investments and result in costs incurred in connection with changing reference rates used for positions, closing out positions and entering into new trades. Certain of our investments may transition from LIBOR prior to the dates announced by the FCA. The transition from LIBOR to alternative reference rates may result in operational issues for us or our investments. No assurances can be given as to the impact of the LIBOR transition (and the timing of any such impact) on us and our investments.
 
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Risks Related to our Relationship with the Adviser and the Dealer Manager
We depend on the Adviser to select our investments and otherwise conduct our business, and any material adverse change in its financial condition or our relationship with the Adviser could have a material adverse effect on our business and ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Our success is dependent upon our relationship with, and the performance of, the Adviser in the acquisition and management of our investment and our corporate operations, as well as the persons and firms the Adviser retains to provide services on our behalf. The Adviser may suffer or become distracted by adverse financial or operational problems in connection with the Adviser’s business and activities unrelated to us and over which we have no control. Should the Adviser fail to allocate sufficient resources to perform its responsibilities to us for any reason, we may be unable to achieve our investment objectives or to pay distributions to our stockholders.
The termination or replacement of the Adviser could trigger a repayment event under our mortgage loans for some of our properties, the credit agreement governing any line of credit and repurchase agreements.
Lenders for certain of our properties may request provisions in the mortgage loan documentation that would make the termination or replacement of the Adviser an event requiring the immediate repayment of the full outstanding balance of the loan. If we elect to obtain a line of credit and are able to do so, the termination or replacement of the Adviser could trigger repayment of outstanding amounts under the credit agreement governing such line of credit or under the repurchase agreements that we may enter into in the future. If a repayment event occurs with respect to any of our properties, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.
The Adviser’s inability to retain the services of key real estate professionals could hurt our performance.
The Adviser’s power to approve the acquisition of a particular investment, finance or refinance any new or existing investment or dispose of an existing investment rests with the Investment Committee. Accordingly, our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of certain key real estate professionals employed by the Adviser, each of whom would be difficult to replace. There is ever increasing competition among alternative asset firms, financial institutions, private equity firms, investment advisors, investment managers, real estate investment companies, real estate investment trusts and other industry participants for hiring and retaining qualified investment professionals and there can be no assurance that such professionals will continue to be associated with the us or the Adviser, particularly in light of our perpetual-life nature, or that replacements will perform well. Neither we nor the Adviser have employment agreements with these individuals and they may not remain associated with us. We also do not carry key person life insurance with respect to the Adviser’s key real estate professionals. If any of these persons were to cease their association with us, our operating results could suffer. Although there are key real estate professionals employed by the Adviser, we believe the “key person” concept to be inapplicable to our structure as a perpetual-life REIT and do not maintain key person life insurance on any person. Our future success depends, in large part, upon the Adviser’s ability to attract and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing professionals. If the Adviser loses or is unable to obtain the services of highly skilled professionals, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered.
The success of this offering is dependent, in part, on the ability of the Dealer Manager to retain key employees and associated persons and to successfully build and maintain a network of licensed participating broker-dealers.
The dealer manager for this offering is BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC. The success of this offering and our ability to implement our business strategy is dependent upon the ability of the Dealer Manager to retain key employees and associated persons and to build and maintain a network of licensed securities broker-dealers and other agents. If the Dealer Manager is unable to do either, we may not be able to raise adequate proceeds through this offering to implement our investment strategy. The Dealer Manager’s associated persons may experience conflicts of interest in allocating their time between this offering and other investment products, which could adversely affect our ability to raise adequate proceeds through this offering and implement our investment strategy. Further, the participating broker-dealers retained by the
 
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Dealer Manager may have numerous competing investment products, some with similar or identical investment strategies and areas of focus as us, which they may elect to emphasize to their retail clients.
You will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review by the Dealer Manager in connection with this offering and, if a conflict of interest arises between us and BGO, we may incur additional fees and expenses.
Because the Adviser and the Dealer Manager are affiliates of BGO, you will not have the benefit of an independent due diligence review and investigation of the type normally performed by an unaffiliated, independent underwriter and its counsel in connection with a securities offering. Accordingly, unless your investment professional is affiliated with a broker-dealer that conducts an independent due diligence review and investigation of us and this offering, you will not have the benefit of such a review. In addition, if any situation arises in which our interests are in conflict with those of the Adviser, the Dealer Manager or its affiliates, and we are required to retain independent counsel, we will incur additional fees and expenses.
The fees we pay in connection with this offering and the agreements entered into with BGO and its affiliates were not determined on an arm’s-length basis and therefore may not be on the same terms we could achieve from a third party.
The compensation paid to the Adviser, the Dealer Manager and other BGO affiliates for services they provide us was not determined on an arm’s-length basis. All service agreements, contracts or arrangements between or among BGO and its affiliates, including the Adviser and us, were not negotiated at arm’s-length. Such agreements include the Advisory Agreement, the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, our dealer manager agreement (the “Dealer Manager Agreement”), and any property management and other agreements we may enter into with affiliates of the Adviser from time to time.
We do not own the BGO name, but we may use it as part of our corporate name pursuant to the Advisory Agreement. Use of the name by other parties or the termination of our right to use the name may harm our business.
The Adviser has granted us a fully paid-up, royalty-free, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the name “BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.” We have a right to use this name for so long as the Adviser serves as our advisor. BGO will retain the right to continue using the “BGO” name. In addition, under the terms of the license, we are not able to preclude BGO from licensing or transferring the ownership of the “BGO” name to third parties, some of whom may compete with us. Consequently, we will be unable to prevent any damage to goodwill that may occur as a result of the activities of BGO or others. Furthermore, in the event that the Advisory Agreement is terminated, we will be required to, among other things, change our name. Any of these events could disrupt our recognition in the market place, damage any goodwill we may have generated and otherwise harm our business.
Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
Various potential and actual conflicts of interest will arise, and these conflicts may not be identified or resolved in a manner favorable to us.
We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with BGO and its affiliates, including the Adviser, which has a fiduciary responsibility to the Company and our stockholders. The Adviser faces a conflict of interest between its fiduciary duty to act in our best interests, on the one hand, and any benefit that could result to it or its affiliates from our operation, on the other hand. If and to the extent that our interests and those of the Adviser are not aligned due to such conflicts of interests, the execution of our business plan and our results of operations could be adversely affected, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. BGO and our board of directors have adopted policies and procedures reasonably designed to appropriately prevent, limit or mitigate conflicts of interest. In addition, certain activities that could create conflicts of interest are limited or prohibited by applicable law. However, there is no guarantee that the policies and procedures adopted by us, the Adviser, BGO and its affiliates, the terms and conditions of our charter and the Advisory Agreement or the restrictions imposed by applicable law will enable us to adequately identify, address or mitigate these conflicts of interest. In an
 
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effort to mitigate certain potential conflicts of interest, transactions between us and the Adviser or its affiliates will be subject to approval by a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, in accordance with the terms of our charter. Not all potential, apparent and actual conflicts of interest are discussed herein, and additional conflicts of interest could arise as a result of new activities, transactions or relationships commenced in the future. For additional discussion, see “Conflicts of Interest.”
The Adviser will face a conflict of interest because the management fees it will receive are payable regardless of the performance of our portfolio and were not determined by arms’ length negotiations.
We (and, to the extent that the Operating Partnership issues Operating Partnership units to parties other than us, the Operating Partnership) will pay the Adviser a management fee based on our NAV, excluding the NAV of the Class E shares, which are not subject to the management fee, regardless of the performance of our portfolio. We will be required to pay the Adviser a management fee in a particular period despite experiencing a net loss or a decline in the value of our portfolio during that period. The Adviser’s entitlement to a management fee, which is not based or conditioned upon the achievement of performance metrics or goals, might reduce the Adviser’s incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns for our portfolio. Because the management fee is based on our NAV, the Adviser may also be motivated to accelerate acquisitions to increase our NAV or, similarly, delay or curtail repurchases of shares to maintain a higher NAV. The Adviser may benefit by us retaining ownership of our assets at times when our stockholders may be better served by the sale or disposition of our assets to avoid a reduction in our NAV. In addition, the management fee that the Adviser is entitled to receive has not been determined by “arm’s-length” negotiations and could be higher than the fees that another unaffiliated adviser might receive.
While it is not currently expected to be the case, the Adviser may, from time to time, voluntarily waive all or a portion of the management fees to which it is entitled. The Adviser may have an incentive to voluntarily waive fees as such waivers would make our performance more favorable than otherwise and prospective investors’ investment decisions are likely influenced by our performance. If the Adviser did elect to waive receipt of management fees with respect to any period, there is no guarantee that the Adviser would do so in any subsequent period.
The Adviser will face a conflict of interest due to the nature of the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership.
The Special Limited Partner, an affiliate of BGO, is entitled to receive distributions on its performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership each quarter based on the Operating Partnership’s annualized total return, which is calculated based upon our total distributions paid plus the change in the Operating Partnership’s NAV, excluding the NAV attributable to the Class E units, which are not subject to the performance participation. The existence of the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership may create an incentive for the Adviser to make riskier or more speculative investments on our behalf, cause us to incur more leverage, or sell an asset prematurely in an effort to increase the distributions to which the Special Limited Partner is entitled on its performance participation interest. Because the distributions the Special Limited Partner is entitled to receive are based in part on the Operating Partnership’s NAV, the Adviser may also be motivated to accelerate acquisitions to increase the Operating Partnership’s NAV or, similarly, delay or curtail repurchases of our shares to maintain the Operating Partnership’s NAV. Except as noted herein with respect to Quarterly Allocations, the Special Limited Partner will not be obligated to return any portion of performance participation allocation due to the subsequent negative performance.
The Adviser will face a conflict of interest because the fees it will receive for services performed are based in part on our NAV, which the Adviser is ultimately responsible for determining.
The Adviser is ultimately responsible for reviewing and confirming our NAV and overseeing the process surrounding the calculation of our NAV. The Adviser faces an inherent conflict of interest because the Adviser is entitled to receive a management fee based on our NAV (excluding the NAV attributable to our Class E shares, which are not subject to the management fee) and the Special Limited Partner is entitled to
 
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receive distributions on its performance participation interest based in part on the Operating Partnership’s NAV (excluding the NAV attributable to the Class E units, which are not subject to the performance participation). The valuation of our investments and our NAV will affect the amount and timing of the management fee paid to the Adviser and the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation interest. As a result, there may be circumstances where the Adviser is incentivized to determine valuations that are higher than the actual fair value of our investments or manage the NAV calculation process in a manner that results in a higher NAV. If our NAV is calculated in a way that is not reflective of our actual NAV, then the purchase price of shares of our common stock or the price paid for the repurchase of your shares of common stock on a given date may not accurately reflect the value of our portfolio, and your shares may be worth less than the purchase price or more than the repurchase price.
BGO personnel will work on other projects and conflicts may arise in the allocation of personnel between us and other projects.
The Adviser and its affiliates will devote such time as they determine to be necessary to conduct our business affairs in an appropriate manner. The Adviser has rendered in the past and will continue to render in the future investment advisory and other services to other clients (including investment vehicles and accounts which have the same or similar investment strategy as we do and which may compete with us for investment opportunities) and perform a variety of other functions that are unrelated to our operations. The directors, officers and employees of the Adviser and its affiliates are not required to devote all or any specific portion of their working time to our affairs and potential conflicts of interest will arise in allocating management time, services or functions among us and such other clients, including clients that have the same or a similar type of investment strategy as we do. As a result of these conflicts, we may not receive the level of support and assistance that we otherwise might receive if we were internally managed. The Adviser and its affiliates are not restricted from entering other investment advisory relationships or from engaging in other business activities.
BGO and its affiliates will face various conflicts of interest as a result of its relationship with us.
The Adviser is a member of BGO’s asset management businesses. To the extent permitted under applicable law, we may engage from time to time in “principal transactions” with BGO, provided that any such transactions will be approved by a majority of our independent directors in accordance with the terms of our charter. A principal transaction occurs when an investment adviser arranges for a security to be purchased from or sold to a client from its own account (which can include a fund in which the investment adviser or its personnel have a substantial ownership interest). BGO may also act as our counterparty in connection with swaps, options, forward contracts, currency and interest rate hedging, other derivatives and other transactions, in all cases subject to applicable law and the related party transaction approval requirements in our charter.
BGO may also execute from time to time “agency cross transactions” between us and other persons and will receive commissions from both parties to such transactions, in all cases subject to applicable law and the related party transaction approval requirements in our charter. An agency cross transaction occurs when an investment adviser, acting as a broker for a person other than the advisory client, knowingly makes a sale or purchase of any security for the account of that client. Moreover, the Adviser may cause or recommend that we execute the purchase or the sale of investments through BGO as agent or select or recommend the selection of BGO as executing broker in our transactions, and BGO will receive fees or commissions in connection with such transactions. These principal and agency cross transactions create a conflict of interest between the Adviser’s interest in seeking that we receive best execution on all transactions and in limiting or reducing the fees that we pay, and its interest in generating additional profits and fees for BGO.
Sales of securities for our account may be bunched or aggregated with orders for other accounts of BGO or its clients, including other investment funds. Due to prevailing trading activity, it is frequently not possible to receive the same price or execution on the entire volume of securities bought or sold. When this occurs, the various prices may be averaged, which could be disadvantageous to us. In addition, from time to time, the Adviser may use electronic communication networks (“ECNs”) or other alternative trading systems in which BGO has an ownership interest. BGO typically receives compensation based upon its ownership percentage in relation to the transaction fees charged by the ECNs.
 
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From time to time, BGO’s affiliates will introduce to us a client who has a real estate or real estate-related investment (such as interests in loans or equity related to real estate assets) that it wishes to sell, or who wishes to acquire a real estate or real estate-related investment owned by us. If we pursue the resulting transaction, BGO will have a conflict in its representation of the client over the price and terms of our investment or disposal. In addition, BGO could provide real estate, investment banking, advisory or other services to our competitors with respect to our existing investments or with respect to certain real estate or real estate related investments that we are considering. Such activities will present BGO with a conflict of interest vis-à-vis our investment and may also result in a conflict with respect to the allocation of resources to those entities.
Subject to applicable law (including, without limitation, ERISA), from time to time certain Other BGO Accounts or discretionary clients of BGO (collectively, “Other BGO Clients”) may invest in our shares. Such investment may give rise to a conflict of interest for the Adviser and its affiliates between acting in our best interests and Other BGO Clients, as Other BGO Clients will have certain interests in the way in which we are operated which may conflict with the interests of other stockholders. This may create an incentive for the Adviser or its affiliates to take, or not to take, certain actions that it would not otherwise take. Such investments by Other BGO Clients present a potential conflict of interest as the Adviser and its affiliates may have the incentive to favor Other BGO Clients. For example, the Adviser and its affiliates may face a challenge in balancing the respective duties to the Other BGO Clients, us and our other stockholders, and the Adviser and its affiliates acting on behalf of an Other BGO Client may have access to information that may not be available to other stockholders. In the event that we elect to satisfy a large repurchase request pursuant to our share repurchase plan for shares held by an Other BGO Client, we may determine to dispose of assets when we otherwise would not have done so to fund the repurchase. A large share repurchase could also cause us to incur additional expenses related to funding the repurchase. However, the Adviser and its affiliates have established policies, including information barriers, reasonably designed to mitigate the foregoing and other conflicts of interest that may arise in connection with the investment in us by Other BGO Clients, in an effort to ensure that the Adviser and its affiliates act in accordance with applicable law and their respective fiduciary obligations with respect to us and Other BGO Clients.
In addition, BGO may, subject to applicable law, be involved in the provision of a subscription line, a credit facility, property-level debt or other financing to us in various capacities. This may present conflicts of interest for BGO and the Adviser in the event that BGO or the lender is required to take an action under such a facility which is adverse to us.
The Adviser will face various conflicts of interest related to the allocation of investment opportunities between us and Other BGO Accounts.
The Adviser may face conflicts of interest in determining whether an investment opportunity should be allocated to us or an Other BGO Account BGO is actively engaged in investment advisory and management services for the Other BGO Accounts. BGO expects to sponsor or manage additional investment vehicles, funds, products and accounts in the future, including those that employ investment strategies that are substantially similar to our investment strategy and that may compete with us for the allocation of investment opportunities. Investment opportunities that are appropriate for us may also be appropriate for Other BGO Accounts and there is no assurance that we will be allocated those investments we wish to pursue or that our stockholders would otherwise wish for us to pursue. When the Adviser manages or advises Other BGO Accounts that pay or could potentially pay higher fees or other compensation and follow the same or similar investment strategy as we do, the Adviser will be incentivized to favor the other account paying it the potentially higher fees or other compensation. Investment opportunities or any portion thereof that we do not participate in will likely be offered to Other BGO Accounts or such other persons or entities as determined by the Adviser in its sole discretion, and we will not receive any compensation related to such opportunities. The results of our investment activities will likely differ significantly from the results achieved by Other BGO Accounts that implement the same or similar investment strategies as we do. There is no specific limit as to the number of Other BGO Accounts that may be managed or advised by the Adviser or its affiliates.
The Adviser will allocate investment opportunities between us and Other BGO Accounts in accordance with the Adviser’s investment allocation policy and accompanying procedures, which provide that the Adviser
 
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will allocate investment opportunities in a manner that it considers, in its sole discretion and consistent with its fiduciary obligations, to be reasonable. The Adviser’s allocation decisions will be based upon the Adviser’s good faith assessment of various factors, including (i) the allocation queue, (ii) the timing constraints of the transaction and (iii) the investment objectives, remaining investment periods, targeted rates of return, available capital, available financing and composition of the applicable Other BGO Accounts and us. The allocation queue is managed primarily on a rotational basis. The order among the eligible accounts is based upon the amount of time elapsed since each account’s most recent allocation.
The Adviser calculates available capital, weighs the other factors described above (which will not be weighted equally) and makes other investment allocation decisions in accordance with its allocation policies and procedures in its sole discretion. The manner in which our available capital is determined may differ from, or subsequently change with respect to, Other BGO Accounts. The amounts and forms of leverage utilized for investments will also be determined by the Adviser and its affiliates in their sole discretion. Any differences or adjustments with respect to the manner in which available capital is determined with respect to us or Other BGO Accounts may adversely impact our allocation of particular investment opportunities. The Adviser is entitled to amend its investment allocation policies and procedures at any time without prior notice or our consent.
Other BGO Accounts with similar investment objectives to ours engage in numerous material real estate transactions each year. There are currently two discretionary Other BGO Accounts with similar U.S. real estate investment objectives to ours that may seek to pursue similar investment opportunities. Total equity investments in the United States by such Other BGO Accounts in 2020, 2021 and 2022 were approximately, $4.3 billion, $4.5 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively. These Other BGO Accounts have a combined net asset value of approximately $10 billion as of December 31, 2022. At times, additional Other BGO Accounts, may seek to pursue similar investment opportunities.
In addition to allocating investment opportunities suitable for us to Other BGO Accounts, BGO may also grant Other BGO Accounts exclusive rights to certain investment opportunities. As a result, in certain cases we will not be afforded the chance to participate in attractive investment opportunities in which Other BGO Accounts are given the opportunity to participate, or in some cases will be allocated a small part of an investment opportunity within our investment strategy when Other BGO Accounts are allocated a larger portion. We may also at times be prohibited (due to, for example, exclusivity rights granted to other investment funds or regulatory limitations) from pursuing certain investment opportunities and our ability to participate in any particular opportunity may be substantially limited. Further, BGO often represents participants on all aspects of real estate and real estate-related investment transactions including potential purchasers, sellers, borrowers, lenders and tenants. In such cases, BGO’s clients may seek to prohibit BGO affiliates or clients (including us) from investing in certain real estate or real estate-related investments.
For additional discussion, see “Conflicts of Interest.”
BGO may raise or manage Other BGO Accounts which could result in the reallocation of BGO personnel and the direction of potential investments to such Other BGO Accounts.
BGO reserves the right to raise capital for and manage capital for Other BGO Accounts, including opportunistic and stabilized and substantially stabilized real estate funds or separate accounts, dedicated managed accounts, investments suitable for lower risk, lower return funds or higher risk, higher return funds, real estate-related securities obligation and trading investment vehicles, real estate funds primarily making investments in a single sector of the real estate investment space (e.g., office, industrial, retail or multifamily) or making non- controlling investments globally, in a particular region outside of the United States in public and private debt and equity securities and investment funds that may have the same or similar investment objectives or guidelines as us or investments, including those raised by us and one or more managed accounts (or other similar arrangements structured through an entity) for the benefit of one or more specific investors (or related group of investors) which, in each case, may have investment objectives or guidelines that overlap with ours. In particular, we expect that there will be overlap of real property and real estate-related securities investment opportunities with certain Other BGO Accounts that are actively investing and similar overlap with future Other BGO Accounts. The closing of an Other BGO Account could result in the reallocation of BGO personnel, including reallocation of existing real estate professionals,
 
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to such Other BGO Account. In addition, potential investments that may be suitable for us may be directed toward such Other BGO Account.
We may invest in joint ventures and other co-investment arrangements with Other BGO Accounts or divide a pool of investments among us and Other BGO Accounts.
We may acquire properties and other assets through joint ventures and other co-investment arrangements with affiliates of the Adviser, including Other BGO Accounts, such as the Seed Joint Venture. Any joint venture with an affiliate of the Adviser must be approved by a majority of our independent directors in accordance with our charter. We may acquire non-controlling interests or shared control interests in such joint ventures. Even if we have some control in such a joint venture, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the joint venture. Investments in joint ventures with affiliates of the Adviser will present the same inherent risks as all such transactions, including the possibility that joint venture partners might become bankrupt or fail to fund their required capital contributions. Our interests and the interests of a joint venture partner or co-investor may conflict in certain specific situations such as differences in investment strategy, exit strategy or level of leverage. In addition, in connection with investments in which we participate alongside any Other BGO Accounts, the Adviser may decline to exercise, or delegate to a third party, certain control, foreclosure and similar governance rights relating to such shared investments for legal, tax, regulatory or other reasons. There is no guarantee that we will be able to co-invest with any Other BGO Account in the future. We will not participate in joint ventures in which we do not have or share control to the extent that we believe such participation would potentially threaten our status as a non-investment company exempt from the Investment Company Act. This may prevent us from receiving an allocation with respect to certain investment opportunities that are suitable for both us and one or more Other BGO Accounts. See “— Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate — We may make a substantial amount of joint venture investments, including with Other BGO Accounts. Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on the financial condition of our joint venture partners and disputes between us and our joint venture partners.”
The terms on which affiliates of the Adviser, including Other BGO Accounts, co-invest in an investment opportunity could be substantially different, and potentially more favorable, then the terms on which we invest.
In such cases, conflicts could arise between BGO or such Other BGO Accounts, on the one side, and us, on the other side, with respect to investment strategy, growth and financing alternatives and with respect to the manner and timing of our exit from the investment compared to BGO’s or such Other BGO Accounts’ exit. BGO or Other BGO Accounts may also have short positions in the same security or instrument or a different security or instrument in the same issuer as a security or instrument purchased by us, which will likely present additional conflicts, particularly if the issuer experiences financial difficulties.
In some cases, the Adviser will invite strategic investors to co-invest with us because, for example, co-investing with a strategic investor provides us or the portfolio company in which we are investing with certain benefits. Strategic investors include investors or entities controlled by or affiliated with BGO or investors with large or long-standing relationships with the Adviser. In such cases, the amount available for investment by us will be correspondingly reduced to permit a strategic investor the opportunity to co-invest.
For additional discussion, see “Conflicts of Interest.”
We may co-invest with BGO affiliates in real estate-related securities and such investments may be in different parts of the capital structure of an issuer and may otherwise involve conflicts of interest.
Conflict of interests could arise when we and the Other BGO Accounts directly or indirectly make investments at different levels of an issuer’s or borrower’s capital structure or otherwise in different classes of the same issuer’s securities. In certain circumstances, Other BGO Accounts may have different investment objectives or could pursue or enforce rights with respect to a particular issuer in which we have invested, and those activities could have an adverse effect on us. For example, if we hold debt instruments of an issuer and Other BGO Accounts hold equity securities of the same issuer, then if the issuer experiences financial or operational challenges, we (as holder of the debt instrument) may seek a liquidation of the issuer, whereas the Other BGO Accounts (which hold the equity securities) may prefer a reorganization of the issuer, and
 
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vice versa. In addition, an issuer in which we invest may use the proceeds of our investment to refinance or reorganize its capital structure, which could result in repayment of debt held by Other BGO Accounts. If the issuer performs poorly following such refinancing or reorganization, our results will suffer, whereas the Other BGO Accounts’ performance will not be affected because the Other BGO Accounts no longer have an investment in the issuer.
In addition, we, along with the Other BGO Accounts, may pursue or enforce rights with respect to a particular issuer, or the Adviser or BGO may pursue or enforce rights with respect to a particular issuer on our behalf and on behalf of Other BGO Accounts. We could be negatively impacted by the activities by or on behalf of such Other BGO Accounts, and our transactions could be impaired or effected at prices or terms that are less favorable than would otherwise have been the case had a particular course of action with respect to the issuer of the securities not been pursued with respect to such Other BGO Accounts.
These conflicts are magnified with respect to issuers that become insolvent. Furthermore, it is possible that in connection with an insolvency, bankruptcy, reorganization or similar proceeding we will be limited (by applicable law, courts or otherwise) in the positions or actions we will be permitted to take due to other interests held or actions or positions taken by BGO and its affiliates, Other BGO Accounts and the Adviser. Finally, in certain instances, personnel of BGO may obtain information about an issuer that is material to the management of Other BGO Accounts and that will at times limit the ability of personnel of the Adviser to buy or sell, or to recommend the buying or selling of, securities of that issuer on our behalf. The results of our investment activities may differ significantly from the results achieved by BGO for Other BGO Accounts or for its own account. The Adviser will manage us and the Other BGO Accounts it advises or manages in accordance with their respective investment strategies and guidelines; however, BGO will from time to time give advice and take action with respect to any current or future Other BGO Account that competes or conflicts with the advice the Adviser gives to, or actions taken for, us, including with respect to the timing or nature of actions relating to certain investments (including, without limitation, advising or having Other BGO Accounts engage in short sales of securities or instruments issued by companies in which we have invested). Future investment activities by the Adviser on behalf of other clients will likely give rise to additional conflicts of interest and demands on the Adviser’s time and resources. While BGO will seek to resolve any such conflicts in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among us and the Other BGO Accounts, such transactions are not required to be presented to our board of directors for approval (unless otherwise required by our charter or investment guidelines), and there can be no assurance that any conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
The Adviser may face conflicts of interests in choosing our service providers and certain service providers may provide services to the Dealer Manager, the Adviser or BGO on more favorable terms than those provided to us.
Certain third-party service providers (including accountants, administrators, lenders, bankers, brokers, attorneys, consultants, property managers and investment or commercial banking firms) that provide goods or services to us, BGO or certain entities in which we have an investment may also provide goods or services to or have business, personal, financial or other relationships with BGO and its other businesses. Such advisors and service providers may be investors in us, affiliates of the Dealer Manager or the Adviser, sources of investment opportunities or co-investors or commercial counterparties or entities in which BGO or Other BGO Accounts have an investment, and payments by us may indirectly benefit BGO or such Other BGO Accounts. Additionally, certain employees of BGO or the Adviser may have family members or relatives employed by such advisors and service providers. These relationships could have the appearance of affecting or potentially influencing the Adviser in deciding whether to select or recommend such service providers to perform services for us. In addition, in instances where multiple BGO businesses may be exploring a potential individual investment, certain of these service providers may choose to be engaged by other BGO affiliates rather than us.
Employees of these affiliates may also receive performance-based compensation in respect of our investments. The fees and expenses of such BGO-affiliated service providers (and, if applicable, their employees) will be borne by our investments and there will be no related offset to the management fee we pay to the Adviser. While BGO believes that any such affiliated service providers, when engaged, generally
 
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provide (or will provide) services at rates equal to or better than those provided by third parties, there is an inherent conflict of interest that may incentivize BGO to engage its affiliated service provider over a third party.
We expect to have a diverse stockholder group and the interests of our stockholders may conflict with one another and may conflict with the interests of investors in other vehicles that we co-invest with.
We expect to have a diverse stockholder group. As a result, our stockholders may have conflicting investment, tax and other interests with respect to their investments in us and with respect to the interests of investors in other investment vehicles managed or advised by the Adviser or its affiliates that participate in the same investments as us. The conflicting interests of individual stockholders with respect to other stockholders and relative to investors in other investment vehicles relate to, among other things, the nature, structuring, financing, tax profile and timing of disposition of investments. As a consequence, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with decisions made by the Adviser, including with respect to the nature or structuring of investments, which may be more beneficial for one stockholder than for another stockholder, especially with respect to stockholders’ individual tax situations. In addition, we may make investments that may have a negative impact on related investments made by our stockholders in separate transactions. In selecting and structuring investments appropriate for us, the Adviser considers the investment, tax and other objectives of us (including our qualification as a REIT) and our stockholders (and those of investors in other investment vehicles managed or advised by the Adviser or its affiliates) that participate in the same investments as us, not the investment, tax or other objectives of any stockholder individually. In addition, certain of our stockholders may also be investors in Other BGO Accounts, including supplemental capital vehicles and co-investment vehicles that invest alongside us in one or more investments, which could create conflicts for the Adviser in the treatment of different investors.
The Adviser may face potential conflicts of interest related to access to and flow of certain information, including material, non-public information.
We, directly or through BGO, the Adviser or certain of their respective affiliates may come into possession of material non-public information with respect to an issuer in which we have invested or may invest. Should this occur, the Adviser may be restricted from buying or selling securities, derivatives or loans of the issuer on our behalf until such time as the information becomes public or is no longer deemed material. Such restrictions could materially adversely affect our investment results.
BGO’s internal information barriers that are designed to prevent the flow of certain types of information, including material, non-public, confidential information, from one area or part of BGO to another area or group thereof, may restrict the Adviser’s ability to access information even when such information would be relevant to our potential investments. Due to such barriers, disclosure of such information to the personnel responsible for management of our business may be on a need-to-know basis only, and we may not be free to act upon any such information, even if another area or group of BGO may trade on such information. Therefore, we or the Adviser may not have access to material non-public information in the possession of BGO that might be relevant to an investment decision to be made by the Adviser on our behalf, and the Adviser may initiate a transaction or purchase or sell an investment which, if such information had been known to it, may not have been undertaken. Further, the Adviser may not be able to initiate a transaction on our behalf that it otherwise might have initiated and may not be able to purchase or sell an investment that it otherwise might have purchased or sold, which could negatively affect our operations.
Our board of directors has adopted a resolution that renounces our interest or expectancy with respect to business opportunities and competitive activities.
Our board of directors has adopted a resolution that provides that none of BGO or its affiliates, our directors or any person our directors control will be required to refrain directly or indirectly from engaging in any business opportunities, including any business opportunities in the same or similar business activities or lines of business in which we or any of our affiliates may from time to time be engaged or propose to engage, or from competing with us, and that we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered
 
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an opportunity to participate in, any such business opportunities, unless offered to a person in his or her capacity as one of our directors or officers and intended exclusively for us or any of our subsidiaries.
We may source, sell or purchase assets either to or from the Adviser and its affiliates, and such transactions may cause conflicts of interest.
We may directly or indirectly source, sell or purchase all or any portion of an asset (or portfolio of assets/​investments) to or from the Adviser and its affiliates or their respective related parties, including parties which such affiliates or related parties, or Other BGO Accounts, own or have invested in. Such transactions will be subject to the approval of a majority of directors (including a majority of our independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction pursuant to our charter. We may also source, sell to or purchase from third parties interests in or assets issued by affiliates of the Adviser or their respective related parties and such transactions would not require approval by our independent directors or an offset of any fees we otherwise owe to the Adviser or its affiliates. The transactions described above involve conflicts of interest, as our sponsor and its affiliates may receive fees and other benefits, directly or indirectly, from or otherwise have interests in both parties to the transaction.
BGO, including the Adviser, may face conflicts of interest associated with Sun Life’s investments in us and the related share repurchase arrangement.
In connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, has approved an arrangement to repurchase the Class E units held by Sun Life. Pursuant to such arrangement, the Class E units issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition will only be eligible for repurchase by us following the earlier of (i) the first date that our NAV reaches $1.5 billion and (ii) the date that is the third anniversary of the date of this prospectus. Following such period, Sun Life may request that we repurchase such Class E units on a monthly basis, at a price per unit equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit as of the repurchase date. The aggregate amount of Class E units that we are required to repurchase from Sun Life in any month will be limited to an amount not to exceed 25% of the amount by which net proceeds from this offering and any private offering of our common stock for a given month exceed the amount of repurchases for such month pursuant to our share repurchase plan. In addition, we will not repurchase any Class E units from Sun Life during any period that the full amount of all shares of our common stock requested to be repurchased under our share repurchase plan are not repurchased or our share repurchase plan has been suspended.
Because this arrangement is with Sun Life, an affiliate of BGO, the terms were not negotiated at arm’s length. As a result, the Adviser may face conflicts of interest in conducting the share repurchase arrangement.
We are subject to potential conflicts of interest related to tenants.
Certain properties owned by us or an Other BGO Account will, in certain circumstances, be leased out to tenants that are affiliates of BGO, including but not limited to Other BGO Accounts or their respective portfolio companies, which would give rise to a conflict of interest. In such events, the Adviser will seek to resolve any conflicts of interest in a fair and reasonable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures, subject to applicable oversight of the board of directors.
The personnel of the Dealer Manager, the Adviser and their affiliates may trade in securities for their own accounts, subject to restrictions applicable to BGO personnel.
The officers, directors, members, managers, employees and associated persons (as applicable) of the Dealer Manager, the Adviser and their affiliates may trade in securities and make personal investments for their own accounts, subject to restrictions and reporting requirements as may be required by law and BGO policies, or otherwise determined from time to time by the Dealer Manager or the Adviser. Such personal securities transactions and investments will, in certain circumstances, result in conflicts of interest, including to the extent they relate to (i) a company in which we hold or acquire an interest (either directly through a privately negotiated investment or indirectly through the purchase of securities or other traded instruments related thereto) and (ii) entities that have interests which are adverse to ours or pursue similar investment opportunities as us.
 
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BGO may structure certain investments such that BGO will face conflicting fiduciary duties to us and certain debt funds.
BGO may structure certain investments such that one or more mezzanine or other investment funds, structured vehicles or other collective investment vehicles primarily investing in senior secured loans, distressed debt, subordinated debt, high-yield securities, CMBS and other similar debt instruments managed by affiliates of BGO (collectively, “Debt Funds”) are offered the opportunity to participate in the debt tranche of an investment owned by us or allocated to us. The Adviser and its affiliates owe fiduciary duties to the Debt Funds as well as to us. If the Debt Funds purchase high-yield securities or other debt instruments related to a property or real estate company that we hold an investment in (or if we make or have an investment in or, through the purchase of debt obligations become a lender to, a company or property in which a Debt Fund or an Other BGO Account has a mezzanine or other debt investment), the Adviser and its affiliates will face a conflict of interest in respect of the advice given to, or the decisions made with regard to, the Debt Funds, such Other BGO Accounts and us (e.g., with respect to the terms of such high-yield securities or other debt instruments, the enforcement of covenants, the terms of recapitalizations and the resolution of workouts or bankruptcies). Similarly, certain Other BGO Accounts can be expected to invest in securities of publicly traded companies that are actual or potential investments of ours. The trading activities of Other BGO Accounts may differ from or be inconsistent with activities that are undertaken for our account in any such securities. In addition, we may not pursue an investment otherwise within our investment objectives and guidelines as a result of such trading activities by Other BGO Accounts.
BGO’s potential involvement in financing a third party’s purchase of assets from us could lead to potential or actual conflicts of interest.
We may from time to time dispose of all or a portion of an investment by way of a third-party purchaser’s bid where BGO or one or more Other BGO Accounts is providing financing as part of such bid or acquisition of the investment or underlying assets thereof. This may include the circumstance where BGO or one or more Other BGO Accounts is making commitments to provide financing at or prior to the time such third-party purchaser commits to purchase such investments or assets from us. Such involvement of BGO or one or more Other BGO Accounts as such a provider of debt financing in connection with the potential acquisition of portfolio investments by third parties from us may give rise to potential or actual conflicts of interest.
We may provide debt financing in connection with acquisitions by third parties of assets owned by Other BGO Accounts.
We may provide financing as part of a third-party purchaser’s bid or acquisition of (or investment in) a portfolio entity (or the underlying assets of) owned by one or more Other BGO Accounts (or in connection with the acquisitions by one or more Other BGO Accounts or their affiliates of assets or interests (or portfolios thereof) owned by a third party). This may include making commitments to provide financing at, prior to or around the time that any such purchaser commits to or makes such investments. We may make investments and provide debt financing with respect to portfolio entities in which Other BGO Accounts or affiliates hold or subsequently acquire an interest. While the terms and conditions of any such arrangements will generally be on market terms, the involvement of the Other BGO Accounts or affiliates in such transactions may affect credit decisions and the terms of such transactions or arrangements or may otherwise influence the Adviser’s decisions, which will give rise to potential or actual conflicts of interest and which may adversely impact us. For example, such transactions may involve the partial or complete payoff of such loans (with related proceeds being received by the applicable Other BGO Accounts) or otherwise result in restructurings of terms and pricing relating to such existing loans with the borrowers thereof in respect of which such Other BGO Accounts may receive refinancing proceeds or a retained interest in such loans in accordance with such restructuring arrangements. Additionally, in certain situations we may not commit to provide financing until a third party has committed to make a deposit in connection with the acquisition of an investment from an Other BGO Account, which may result in us being disadvantaged in the overall bid process or potentially not consummating the investment.
 
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Certain principals and employees may be involved in and have a greater financial interest in the performance of other BGO funds or accounts, and such activities may create conflicts of interest in making investment decisions on our behalf.
Certain of the principals and employees of the Adviser or the Dealer Manager may be subject to a variety of conflicts of interest relating to their responsibilities to us and the management of our real estate portfolio. Such individuals may serve in an advisory capacity to other managed accounts or investment vehicles, as members of an investment or advisory committee or a board of directors (or similar such capacity) for one or more investment funds, corporations, foundations or other organizations. Such positions may create a conflict between the services and advice provided to such entities and the responsibilities owed to us. The other managed accounts or investment funds in which such individuals may become involved may have investment objectives that overlap with ours. Furthermore, certain principals and employees of the Adviser may have a greater financial interest in the performance of such other funds or accounts than our performance. Such involvement may create conflicts of interest in making investments on our behalf and such other funds and accounts and other entities. Such principals and employees will seek to limit any such conflicts in a manner that is in accordance with their fiduciary duties to us and such organizations. Although the Adviser will generally seek to minimize the impact of any such conflicts, there can be no assurance they will be resolved favorably for us. Also, BGO personnel are generally permitted to invest in alternative investment funds, private equity funds, real estate funds, hedge funds and other investment vehicles, as well as engage in other personal trading activities relating to companies, assets, securities or instruments (subject to BGO’s Code of Ethics requirements), some of which will involve conflicts of interests. Such personal securities transactions will, in certain circumstances, relate to securities or instruments, which can be expected to also be held or acquired by us or Other BGO Accounts, or otherwise relate to companies or issuers in which we have or acquire a different principal investment (including, for example, with respect to seniority). There can be no assurance that conflicts of interest arising out of such activities will be resolved in our favor. Investors will not receive any benefit from any such investments, and the financial incentives of BGO personnel in such other investments could be greater than their financial incentives in relation to us.
We, Other BGO Accounts and their portfolio entities may engage in permissible political activities with the intent of furthering our or their business interests or otherwise.
We, Other BGO Accounts and their portfolio entities may, in the ordinary course of our or their respective businesses, make political contributions to elected officials, candidates for elected office or political organizations, hire lobbyists or engage in other permissible political activities with the intent of furthering our or their business interests or otherwise. In certain circumstances, there may be initiatives where such activities are coordinated by BGO for the benefit of us, Other BGO Accounts or their portfolio entities. The interests advanced by a portfolio entity through such activities may, in certain circumstances, not align with or be adverse to our interests, the interests of our stockholders or the interests of Other BGO Accounts or their other portfolio entities. The costs of such activities may be allocated among us, Other BGO Accounts and their portfolio entities (and borne indirectly by our stockholders). While the costs of such activities will typically be borne by the entity undertaking such activities, such activities may also directly or indirectly benefit us, Other BGO Accounts, their portfolio entities or BGO. There can be no assurance that any such activities will be successful in advancing our interests or the interests of an Other BGO Accounts or a portfolio entity or otherwise benefit such entities.
Additional potential conflicts of interest may arise in the future due to possible future activities.
The Adviser and its affiliates may expand the range of services that they provide over time. Except as and to the extent expressly provided in the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser and its affiliates will not be restricted in the scope of its business or in the performance of any such services (whether now offered or undertaken in the future) even if such activities could give rise to conflicts of interest, and whether or not such conflicts are described herein. The Adviser, BGO and their affiliates continue to develop relationships with a significant number of companies, financial sponsors and their senior managers, including relationships with clients who may hold or may have held investments similar to those intended to be made by us. These clients may themselves represent appropriate investment opportunities for us or may compete with us for investment opportunities. Additional conflicts of interest could arise as a result of new activities, transactions or relationships commenced in the future. If any matter arises that we and our affiliates (including the
 
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Adviser) determine in our good faith judgment constitutes an actual and material conflict of interest, we and our affiliates (including the Adviser) will take such actions as we determine appropriate to mitigate the conflict.
Risks Related to our REIT Status and Certain Other Tax Items
If we do not qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we will be subject to tax as a regular corporation and could face a substantial tax liability.
We expect to operate so as to qualify to be taxed as a REIT under the Code. However, qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only a limited number of judicial or administrative interpretations exist. Notwithstanding the availability of cure provisions in the Code, various compliance requirements could be failed, which could jeopardize our REIT status. Furthermore, new tax legislation, administrative guidance or court decisions, in each instance potentially with retroactive effect, could make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify to be taxed as a REIT. If we fail to qualify to be taxed as a REIT in any tax year, then:
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we would be taxed as a regular domestic corporation, which under current laws, among other things, means being unable to deduct distributions to stockholders in computing taxable income and being subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates;
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any resulting tax liability could be substantial and could have a material adverse effect on our book value;
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unless we were entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we would be required to pay taxes, and therefore, our cash available for distribution to stockholders would be reduced for each of the years during which we did not qualify to be taxed as a REIT and for which we had taxable income; and
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we generally would not be eligible to requalify to be taxed as a REIT for the subsequent four full taxable years.
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To maintain our REIT status, we may have to borrow funds on a short-term basis during unfavorable market conditions.
To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute annually to our stockholders a minimum of 90% of our net taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gains. We will be subject to regular corporate income taxes on any undistributed REIT taxable income each year. Additionally, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions paid by us in any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from previous years. Payments we make to our stockholders under our share repurchase plan will not be taken into account for purposes of these distribution requirements. If we do not have sufficient cash to make distributions necessary to preserve our REIT status for any year or to avoid taxation, we may be forced to borrow funds or sell assets even if the market conditions at that time are not favorable for these borrowings or sales. These options could increase our costs or reduce our equity.
Compliance with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities, which may hinder or delay our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce your overall return.
To qualify as a REIT, we are required at all times to satisfy tests relating to, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the ownership of our stock and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. Compliance with the REIT requirements may impair our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits. For example, we may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution.
Compliance with REIT asset test requirements may force us to liquidate or restructure otherwise attractive investments.
To qualify as a REIT, at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our
 
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investments in securities (other than qualified real estate assets and government securities) generally cannot include more than 10% of the voting securities (other than securities that qualify for the straight debt safe harbor) of any one issuer or more than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities of more than any one issuer unless we and such issuer jointly elect for such issuer to be treated as a “taxable REIT subsidiary” under the Code. Debt will generally meet the “straight debt” safe harbor if the debt is a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a certain sum of money, the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and the interest rate and the interest payment dates of the debt are not contingent on the profits, the borrower’s discretion, or similar factors. Additionally, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our assets may be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must dispose of a portion of our assets within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions in order to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. In order to satisfy these requirements and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to liquidate assets from our portfolio or not make otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our stockholders.
Our charter does not permit any person or group to own more than 9.9% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common stock or of our outstanding capital stock of all classes or series, and attempts to acquire our common stock or our capital stock of all other classes or series in excess of these 9.9% limits would not be effective without an exemption (prospectively or retroactively) from these limits by our board of directors.
For us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% of the value of our outstanding stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (including certain entities treated as individuals for this purpose) during the last half of a taxable year. For the purpose of assisting our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, among other purposes, our charter prohibits beneficial or constructive ownership by any person or group of more than 9.9%, in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our outstanding common stock, or 9.9% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding capital stock of all classes or series, which we refer to as the “Ownership Limit.” The constructive ownership rules under the Code and our charter are complex and may cause shares of the outstanding common stock owned by a group of related persons to be deemed to be constructively owned by one person. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.9% of our outstanding common stock or our capital stock by a person could cause another person to constructively own in excess of 9.9% of our outstanding common stock or our capital stock, respectively, and thus violate the Ownership Limit. There can be no assurance that our board of directors, as permitted in the charter, will not decrease this Ownership Limit in the future. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our common stock or capital stock in excess of the Ownership Limit without the consent of our board of directors will result either in the shares in excess of the limit being transferred by operation of our charter to a charitable trust, and the person who attempted to acquire such excess shares not having any rights in such excess shares, or in the transfer being void.
The Ownership Limit may have the effect of precluding a change in control of us by a third party, even if such change in control would be in the best interests of our stockholders or would result in receipt of a premium to the price of our common stock (and even if such change in control would not reasonably jeopardize our REIT status). The exemptions to the ownership limit granted to date may limit our board of directors’ power to increase the ownership limit or grant further exemptions in the future.
Non-U.S. holders may be subject to U.S. federal income tax upon their disposition of shares of our common stock or upon their receipt of certain distributions from us.
In addition to any potential withholding tax on ordinary dividends, a non-U.S. holder (as such term is defined below under “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock”), other than a “qualified shareholder” or a “qualified foreign pension fund,” that disposes of a “U.S. real property interest” ​(“USRPI”) (which includes shares of stock of a U.S. corporation whose assets consist principally of USRPIs), is generally subject to U.S. federal income tax under the
 
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Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, as amended (“FIRPTA”), on the amount received from such disposition and therefore, may be treated as recognizing income effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business. Such tax does not apply, however, to the disposition of stock in a REIT that is “domestically controlled.” Generally, a REIT is domestically controlled if less than 50% of its stock, by value, has been owned directly or indirectly by non-U.S. persons during a continuous five-year period ending on the date of disposition or, if shorter, during the entire period of the REIT’s existence. Proposed Treasury regulations issued on December 29, 2022 modify the existing criteria for qualification as a domestically controlled REIT and provide that the ownership by non-U.S. persons will be determined by looking through pass-through entities and certain U.S. corporations, among other rules. We cannot assure you that we will qualify as a domestically controlled REIT under current rules or the proposed regulations or final rules, if and when enacted, and we have no obligation to qualify as such under our governing documents. If we were to fail to so qualify, amounts received by a non-U.S. holder on certain dispositions of shares of our common stock (including a redemption) would be subject to tax under FIRPTA, unless (i) our shares of common stock were regularly traded on an established securities market and (ii) the non-U.S. holder did not, at any time during a specified testing period, hold more than 10% of our common stock. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock — Sales of Our Common Stock.”
A non-U.S. holder other than a “qualified shareholder” or a “qualified foreign pension fund,” that receives a distribution from a REIT that is attributable to gains from the disposition of a USRPI as described above, including in connection with a repurchase of our common stock, is generally subject to U.S. federal income tax under FIRPTA to the extent such distribution is attributable to gains from such disposition, regardless of whether the difference between the fair market value and the tax basis of the USRPI giving rise to such gains is attributable to periods prior to or during such non-U.S. holder’s ownership of our common stock. In addition, a repurchase of our common stock, to the extent not treated as a sale or exchange, may be subject to withholding as an ordinary dividend. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock — Distributions, and —  Repurchases of our Common Stock.”
We seek to act in the best interests of the Company as a whole and not in consideration of the particular tax consequences to any specific holder of our stock. Potential non-U.S. holders should inform themselves as to the U.S. tax consequences, and the tax consequences within the countries of their citizenship, residence, domicile, and place of business, with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of shares of our common stock.
Investments outside the United States may subject us to additional taxes and could present additional complications to our ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.
Non-U.S. investments may subject us to various non-U.S. tax liabilities, including withholding taxes. In addition, operating in functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar and in environments in which real estate transactions are typically structured differently than they are in the United States or are subject to different legal rules may present complications to our ability to structure non-U.S. investments in a manner that enables us to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.
We may incur tax liabilities that would reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may become subject to U.S. federal income taxes and related state and local taxes. For example, net income from the sale of properties that are “dealer” properties sold by a REIT (a “prohibited transaction” under the Code) will be subject to a 100% tax. In addition, we may not make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. Similarly, if we were to fail an income test (and did not lose our REIT status because such failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect) we would be subject to tax on the income that does not meet the income test requirements. We also may decide to retain net capital gain we earn from the sale or other disposition of our investments and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability unless they file U.S. federal income tax returns and thereon seek a refund of such tax. We also may
 
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be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, including franchise, payroll, mortgage recording and transfer taxes, either directly or at the level of the other companies through which we indirectly own our assets, such as our taxable REIT subsidiaries, which are subject to full U.S. federal, state, local and foreign corporate-level income taxes. Any taxes we pay directly or indirectly will reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Our board of directors is authorized to revoke our REIT election without stockholder approval, which may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that changes to U.S. federal income tax laws and regulations or other considerations mean it is no longer in our best interests to qualify as a REIT. Our board of directors has fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders and could only cause such changes in our tax treatment if it determines in good faith that such changes are in our best interests and in the best interests of our stockholders. In this event, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and we would no longer be required to distribute most of our net income to our stockholders, which may cause a reduction in the total return to our stockholders.
You may have current tax liability on distributions you elect to reinvest in our common stock.
If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, you will be deemed to have received, and for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be taxed on, the amount reinvested in shares of our common stock to the extent the amount reinvested was not a tax-free return of capital. Therefore, unless you are a tax-exempt entity, you may be forced to use funds from other sources to pay your tax liability on the reinvested dividends.
Generally, ordinary dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for reduced U.S. federal income tax rates.
Currently, the maximum tax rate applicable to qualified dividend income payable to certain non-corporate U.S. stockholders is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rate. Although this does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause certain non-corporate investors to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock. However, for taxable years ending before January 1, 2026, individual taxpayers may be entitled to claim a deduction in determining their taxable income of 20% of ordinary REIT dividends (dividends other than capital gain dividends and dividends attributable to certain qualified dividend income received by us), which temporarily reduces the effective tax rate on such dividends. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock — Distributions Generally.” You are urged to consult with your tax advisor regarding the effect of this change on your effective tax rate with respect to REIT dividends.
We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could increase our tax liability, reduce our operating flexibility and reduce the price of our common stock.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made in the provisions of U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in shares of our common stock. Additional changes to the tax laws are likely to continue to occur, and we cannot assure you that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of our stockholders. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our shares or on the market value or the resale potential of our assets. You are urged to consult with your tax advisor with respect to the impact of the recent legislation on your investment in our shares and the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in our shares. Although REITs generally receive certain tax advantages compared to entities taxed as regular corporations, it is possible that future legislation would result in a REIT having fewer tax advantages, and it could become more advantageous for a company that invests in real estate to elect to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a corporation. As a result, our charter authorizes our board of directors to revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that changes to U.S. federal income tax
 
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laws and regulations or other considerations mean it is no longer in our best interests to qualify as a REIT. The impact of tax reform on an investment in shares of our common stock is uncertain. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding changes in tax laws.
On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed into law the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IR Act”). The IR Act includes numerous tax provisions that impact corporations, including the implementation of a corporate alternative minimum tax as well as a 1% excise tax on certain stock repurchases and economically similar transactions. However, REITs are excluded from the definition of an “applicable corporation” and therefore are not subject to the corporate alternative minimum tax. Additionally, stock repurchases by REITs are specifically excepted from the 1% excise tax. A taxable REIT subsidiary would operate as a standalone corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes and therefore could be adversely affected by the IR Act. We will continue to analyze and monitor the application of the IR Act to our business; however, the effect of these changes on the value of our assets, shares of common stock or market conditions generally, is uncertain.
The failure of a mezzanine loan to qualify as a real estate asset could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We may acquire mezzanine loans, for which the IRS has provided a safe harbor but not rules of substantive law. Pursuant to the safe harbor, if a mezzanine loan meets certain requirements, it will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, and interest derived from the mezzanine loan will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT 75% income test. We may acquire mezzanine loans that do not meet all of the requirements of this safe harbor. In the event we own a mezzanine loan that does not meet the safe harbor, the IRS could challenge such loan’s treatment as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests and, if such a challenge were sustained, we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
If the Operating Partnership failed to qualify as a partnership or is not otherwise disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT.
If the IRS were to successfully challenge the status of the Operating Partnership as a partnership or disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation. In the event that this occurs, it would reduce the amount of distributions that the Operating Partnership could make to us. This would also result in our failing to qualify as a REIT and becoming subject to a corporate-level tax on our income, which would substantially reduce our cash available to pay distributions and the yield on your investment.
Retirement Plan Risks
If the fiduciary of an employee benefit plan or plan subject to the Code or ERISA fails to meet the fiduciary and other standards under ERISA, the Code or common law as a result of an investment in our common stock, the fiduciary could be subject to civil penalties.
There are special considerations that apply to investing in shares of our common stock on behalf of a pension, profit sharing, 401(k) or other employer-sponsored retirement plans, health or welfare plan, trust, individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) or Keogh plans that are subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. If you are investing the assets of any of the entities identified in the prior sentence in our common stock, you should satisfy yourself that:
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the investment is consistent with your fiduciary obligations under applicable law, including common law, ERISA and the Code;
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the investment is made in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the trust, plan or IRA, including a plan’s investment policy;
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the investment satisfies the prudence and diversification requirements of Sections 404(a)(1)(B) and 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA (to the extent such entity is subject to ERISA) and other applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code;
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the investment will not impair the liquidity of the trust, plan or IRA;
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the investment will not produce “unrelated business taxable income” for the trust plan or IRA;
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our stockholders will be able to value the assets of the plan annually in accordance with ERISA requirements and applicable provisions of the plan or IRA; and
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the investment will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code.
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Failure to satisfy the fiduciary standards of conduct and other applicable requirements of ERISA, the Code, or other applicable statutory or common law may result in the imposition of civil penalties, and can subject the fiduciary to equitable remedies. In addition, if an investment in shares of our common stock constitutes a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 4975 of the Code, the fiduciary that authorized or directed the investment may be subject to the imposition of excise taxes with respect to the amount invested.
If our assets at any time are deemed to constitute “plan assets” under ERISA and the Plan Asset Regulations, that may lead to the rescission of certain transactions, tax or fiduciary liability and our being held in violation of certain ERISA and Code requirements.
As discussed under “Certain ERISA Considerations,” we will use reasonable efforts to conduct our affairs so that our assets should not be deemed to constitute “plan assets” of any stockholder that is a “benefit plan investor” ​(each within the meaning of ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder by the U.S. Department of Labor, as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA, as amended from time to time (the “Plan Asset Regulations”)). If, notwithstanding our intent, our assets were deemed to constitute “plan assets” of any stockholder that is a “benefit plan investor” under ERISA or the Plan Asset Regulations, this would result, among other things, in (i) the application of the prudence and other fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA to investments made by us; (ii) the possibility that certain transactions in which we have entered into in the ordinary course of business constitute non-exempt “prohibited transactions” under Title I of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, and may have to be rescinded; (iii) our management, as well as various providers of fiduciary or other services to us (including the Adviser), and any other parties with authority or control with respect to us or our assets, may be considered fiduciaries or otherwise “parties in interest” ​(within the meaning of ERISA) or “disqualified persons” ​(within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code) for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code; and (iv) the fiduciaries of stockholders that are “benefit plan investors” would not be protected from “co-fiduciary liability” resulting from our decisions and could be in violation of certain ERISA requirements.
If a prohibited transaction occurs for which no exemption is available, the Adviser and/or any other fiduciary that has engaged in the prohibited transaction could be required to (i) restore to the “benefit plan investor” any profit realized on the transaction and (ii) reimburse the “benefit plan investor” for any losses suffered by the “benefit plan investor” as a result of the investment. In addition, each “disqualified person” ​(within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code) involved could be subject to an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved in the prohibited transaction for each year the transaction continues and, unless the transaction is corrected within statutorily required periods, to an additional tax of 100%. The fiduciary of a “benefit plan investor” who decides to invest in us could, under certain circumstances, be liable for prohibited transactions or other violations as a result of their investment in us or as co-fiduciaries for actions taken by or on behalf of us or the Adviser. With respect to a “benefit plan investor” that is an IRA that invests in us, the occurrence of a prohibited transaction involving the individual who established the IRA, or his or her beneficiaries, could cause the IRA to lose its tax-exempt status.
Prospective investors that are Plans should consult with their own legal, tax, financial and other advisors prior to investing to review these implications in light of such investor’s particular circumstances. The sale of our common stock to any Plan is in no respect a representation by us or any other person associated with the offering of our shares of common stock that such an investment meets all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by Plans generally or any particular Plan, or that such an investment is appropriate for Plans generally or any particular Plan.
 
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Risk Arising from Potential Control Group Liability.
Under ERISA, upon the termination of a tax-qualified single employer defined benefit pension plan, the sponsoring employer and all members of its “controlled group” will be jointly and severally liable for 100% of the plan’s unfunded benefit liabilities whether or not the controlled group members have ever maintained or participated in the plan. In addition, the U.S. Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (the “PBGC”) may assert a lien with respect to such liability against any member of the controlled group on up to 30% of the collective net worth of all members of the controlled group. Similarly, in the event a participating employer partially or completely withdraws from a multiemployer (union) defined benefit pension plan, any withdrawal liability incurred under ERISA will represent a joint and several liability of the withdrawing employer and each member of its controlled group.
A “controlled group” includes all “trades or businesses” under 80% or greater common ownership. This common ownership test is broadly applied to include both “parent-subsidiary groups” and “brother-sister groups” applying complex exclusion and constructive ownership rules. However, regardless of the percentage ownership that the Company holds in one or more of its portfolio companies, the Company itself cannot be considered part of an ERISA controlled group unless the Company is considered to be a “trade or business.”
While there are a number of cases that have held that managing investments is not a “trade or business” for tax purposes, the PBGC Appeals Board ruled that a private equity fund was a “trade or business” for ERISA controlled group liability purposes and at least one Federal Circuit Court has similarly concluded that a private equity fund could be a trade or business for these purposes based upon a number of factors including the fund’s level of involvement in the management of its portfolio companies and the nature of any management fee arrangements.
If the Company were determined to be a trade or business for purposes of ERISA, it is possible, depending upon the structure of the portfolio companies by the Company and/or its affiliates and other co-investors in a portfolio company and their respective ownership interests in the portfolio company, that any tax-qualified single employer defined benefit pension plan liabilities and/or multiemployer plan withdrawal liabilities incurred by the portfolio entity could result in liability being incurred by the Company, with a resulting appropriation of Company assets to satisfy such pension liabilities and/or the imposition of a lien by the PBGC on certain Company assets. Moreover, regardless of whether or not the Company were determined to be a trade or business for purposes of ERISA, a court might hold that one of the portfolio company in which we are investing could become jointly and severally liable for another portfolio company’s unfunded pension liabilities pursuant to the ERISA “controlled group” rules, depending upon the relevant investment structures and ownership interests as noted above.
General Risk Factors
We depend on the availability of public utilities and services, especially for water and electric power. Any reduction, interruption or cancellation of these services may adversely affect us.
Public utilities, especially those that provide water and electric power, are fundamental for the sound operation of our assets. The delayed delivery or any material reduction or prolonged interruption of these services could allow tenants to terminate their leases or result in an increase in our costs, as we may be forced to use backup generators or other replacements for the reduced or interrupted utilities, which also could be insufficient to fully operate our facilities and could result in our inability to provide services.
Certain properties may require permits or licenses.
A license, approval or permit may be required to acquire certain investments and their direct or indirect holding companies (or registration may be required before an acquisition can be completed). There can be no guarantee of when and if such a license, approval or permit will be obtained or if the registration will be effected.
We face legal risks when making investments.
Investments are usually governed by a complex series of legal documents and contracts. As a result, the risk of dispute over interpretation or enforceability of the documentation may be higher than for other
 
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investments. In addition, it is not uncommon for investments to be exposed to a variety of other legal risks. These can include, but are not limited to, environmental issues, land expropriation and other property-related claims, industrial action and legal action from special interest groups.
We may face risks associated with short sales.
Our use of short sales for investment and/or risk management purposes subjects us to risks associated with selling short. We may engage in short sales where we do not own or have the right to acquire the security sold short at no additional cost. Our loss on a short sale theoretically could be unlimited in a case where we are unable, for whatever reason, to close out a short position.
Our short selling strategies may limit our ability to benefit from increases in the markets. Short selling also involves a form of financial leverage that may exaggerate any losses. Also, there is the risk that the counterparty to a short sale may fail to honor its contractual terms, causing a loss to us. Finally, SEC, FINRA or other regulations relating to short selling may restrict our ability to engage in short selling.
We may incur contingent liabilities in connection with the disposition of investments.
In connection with the disposition of an investment, we may be required to make certain representations about the business, financial affairs and other aspects (such as environmental, property, tax, insurance, and litigation) of such investment typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business or other investment comparable to the investment being sold. We may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations are inaccurate or with respect to certain potential liabilities. These arrangements may result in the incurrence of contingent liabilities for which the Adviser may establish reserves or escrow accounts.
We will face risks associated with hedging transactions.
We may utilize a wide variety of derivative and other hedging instruments for risk management purposes, the use of which is a highly specialized activity that may entail greater than ordinary investment risks. Any such derivatives and other hedging transactions may not be effective in mitigating risk in all market conditions or against all types of risk (including unidentified or unanticipated risks), thereby resulting in losses to us. Engaging in derivatives and other hedging transactions may result in a poorer overall performance for us than if we had not engaged in any such transaction, and the Adviser may not be able to effectively hedge against, or accurately anticipate, certain risks that may adversely affect our investment portfolio. In addition, our investment portfolio will always be exposed to certain risks that cannot be fully or effectively hedged, such as credit risk relating both to particular securities and counterparties as well as interest rate risks. See “— We may invest in derivatives, which involve numerous risks” above.
 
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ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS
The following tables present information about the net proceeds raised in this offering for each class, assuming that we sell the maximum primary offering amount of $4,000,000,000 and no shares under our distribution reinvestment plan. The tables assume that 1/4 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class T shares, 1/4 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class S shares, 1/4 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class D shares and 1/4 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class I shares. The number of shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from what is shown in the tables below. We may reallocate the shares of our common stock we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. We will only use the proceeds raised in this offering for the purposes set forth in this prospectus and in a manner within the investment guidelines approved by our board of directors, who serve as fiduciaries to our stockholders.
The estimated amount of upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees reflected in the table below related to our Class T shares is calculated based on the Class T share purchase price of $10.00 plus $0.30 maximum upfront selling commissions and $0.05 dealer manager fees. The estimated amount of upfront selling commissions reflected in the table below related to our Class S shares is calculated based on the Class S share purchase price of $10.00 plus $0.35 maximum upfront selling commissions. The estimated amount of upfront selling commissions reflected in the table below related to our Class D shares is calculated based on the Class D share purchase price of $10.00 plus $0.15 maximum upfront selling commissions. The actual amount of upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, however, will vary from the estimated amounts shown because (1) our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares will be sold at a price that varies monthly generally based on our prior month’s NAV per share for that class of shares and actual upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees per Class T share, Class S share and Class D share will be a percentage of the transaction price and (2) the upfront selling commission and dealer manager fees may be reduced in connection with certain categories of sales of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares. Any reduction in upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees will be accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the per Class T share, per Class S share and per Class D share purchase price to the applicable stockholder, but will not affect the amounts available to us for investment. Because amounts in this table are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or use of the offering proceeds.
We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering to (1) make investments in accordance with our investment strategy and policies, (2) reduce borrowings and repay indebtedness incurred under various financing agreements we may enter into and (3) fund repurchases under our share repurchase plan. Generally, our policy will be to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. However, subject to Maryland law and the discretion of our board of directors, particularly during the Ramp-Up Period, we may choose to use cash flows from borrowings, offering net proceeds, the sale of our assets and repayments of our real estate debt investments, or other sources to fund distributions to our stockholders.
The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class T shares.
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Maximum Offering
of $1,000,000,000 in
Class T Shares
​
Gross Proceeds(1)
​ ​ ​ $ 1,000,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Upfront Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees(2)
​ ​ ​ $ 33,816,425 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.38% ​ ​
Organization and Offering Expenses(3)
​ ​ ​ $ 6,331,625 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0.63% ​ ​
Net Proceeds Available for Investment
​ ​ ​ $ 959,851,950 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 95.99% ​ ​
 
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The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class S shares.
​ ​ ​
Maximum Offering
of $1,000,000,000 in
Class S Shares
​
Gross Proceeds(1)
​ ​ ​ $ 1,000,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Upfront Selling Commissions(2)
​ ​ ​ $ 33,816,425 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.38% ​ ​
Organization and Offering Expenses(3)
​ ​ ​ $ 6,331,625 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0.63% ​ ​
Net Proceeds Available for Investment
​ ​ ​ $ 959,851,950 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 95.99% ​ ​
The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class D shares.
​ ​ ​
Maximum Offering
of $1,000,000,000 in
Class D Shares
​
Gross Proceeds(1)
​ ​ ​ $ 1,000,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Upfront Selling Commissions(2)
​ ​ ​ $ 14,778,325 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1.48% ​ ​
Organization and Offering Expenses(3)
​ ​ ​ $ 6,331,625 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0.63% ​ ​
Net Proceeds Available for Investment
​ ​ ​ $ 978,890,050 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 97.89% ​ ​
The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class I shares.
​ ​ ​
Maximum Offering
of $1,000,000,000 in
Class I Shares
​
Gross Proceeds(1)
​ ​ ​ $ 1,000,000,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Upfront Selling Commissions(2)
​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ —% ​ ​
Organization and Offering Expenses(3)
​ ​ ​ $ 6,331,625 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0.63% ​ ​
Net Proceeds Available for Investment
​ ​ ​ $ 993,668,375 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 99.37% ​ ​
​
(1)
Gross offering proceeds include upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees that the Dealer Manager is entitled to receive (including any amounts that may be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers). We intend to conduct a continuous offering of an unlimited number of shares of our common stock over an unlimited time period by filing a new registration statement prior to the end of the three-year period described in Rule 415 under the Securities Act; however, in certain states this offering is subject to annual extensions.
​
(2)
For Class T shares only, includes upfront selling commissions of 3.0% of the transaction price and dealer manager fees of up to 0.5% of the transaction price. For Class S shares only, includes upfront selling commissions of 3.5% of the transaction price. Amounts presented in the tables are less than 3.5% and 1.5%, as applicable, of gross proceeds because upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees are calculated as 3.5% and 1.5%, as applicable, of the transaction price (which excludes upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees), which means that upfront selling commissions expressed as a percentage of the total investment (including upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees) are less than 3.5% and 1.5% as applicable. We also pay the following selling commissions over time as stockholder servicing fees to the Dealer Manager, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class T shares only, an investment professional stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV for the Class T shares, however, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the investment professional stockholder servicing fee and the dealer stockholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares, (b) for Class S shares only, a stockholder servicing fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class S shares and (c) for Class D shares only, a stockholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV for the Class D shares, in each case, payable monthly. The total amount that will be paid over time for stockholder servicing fees depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments, and is not expected to be paid from offering proceeds. See “Plan of Distribution — Underwriting Compensation — Upfront Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees” and “Compensation — Stockholder Servicing Fees.”
​
 
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(3)
The Adviser will advance our organization and offering expenses (other than upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees) on our behalf through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. We will reimburse the Adviser for such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months following the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. We will reimburse the Adviser for any subsequent organization and offering expenses it incurs on our behalf as and when incurred. The organization and offering expense numbers shown above represent our estimates of expenses to be incurred by us in connection with this offering and include estimated wholesaling expenses reimbursable by us. See “Compensation — Organization and Offering Expense Reimbursement” for examples of the types of organization and offering expenses we may incur.
​
In the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources, including upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees and other underwriting compensation, will not exceed 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering.
 
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES
Investment Objectives
Our investment objectives are to invest in assets that will enable us to:
•
Preserve and protect invested capital;
​
•
Provide attractive current income in the form of regular, stable cash distributions;
​
•
Realize appreciation in NAV from proactive investment management and asset management; and
​
•
Provide an investment alternative for stockholders seeking to allocate a portion of their long-term investment portfolios to commercial real estate with lower volatility than publicly-traded real estate companies.
​
We cannot assure you that we will achieve our investment objectives. In particular, we note that our NAV may be subject to volatility related to the values of our assets. See the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus.
Investment Strategy
BGO is a leading, global real estate investment management advisor and a recognized provider of real estate services, with a long-standing track record in the investment and asset management of industrial, office, retail and multi-family property globally. BGO provides investment management services to more than 750 institutional investors with approximately $83 billion of assets under management, as of December 31, 2022.
We are a pure-play industrial REIT, with an investment strategy of acquiring, managing and/or financing a diversified portfolio of primarily stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties primarily located in the United States. To a lesser extent, and subject to the investment limitations described in this prospectus, we also intend to invest in real estate-related assets, which include:
•
Debt backed principally by real estate, such as mortgage loans, subordinated mortgage loans, mezzanine loans, real estate-related corporate credit, and commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities; and
​
•
Real estate-related securities, such as common and preferred stock of publicly traded REITs and other real estate companies (“real estate-related securities”).
​
Our real estate investments will primarily consist of institutional-quality, modern bulk distribution warehouses, light industrial buildings, last-mile distribution facilities, temperature-controlled logistics properties, and logistics chain properties. We may also acquire assets that require new development or some amount of capital investment to be renovated or repositioned, although this will be a secondary focus.
We believe our real estate-related assets can help maintain liquidity to satisfy any stock repurchases we choose to make in any particular month and manage cash before investing subscription proceeds into properties while also seeking attractive current income.
Our structure as a perpetual-life REIT will allow us to acquire and manage our investment portfolio in an active and flexible manner. We believe the structure is advantageous to stockholders, as we are not limited by a pre-determined operational period and the need to liquidate assets, potentially in an unfavorable market, to satisfy a liquidity event at the end of that period.
Potential Competitive Strengths
We believe our most powerful competitive strength is our affiliation with BGO, which is a leading, global real estate investment management adviser and a recognized provider of real estate services that provides investment management services to more than 750 institutional investors with approximately $83 billion of assets under management as of December 31, 2022. BGO has offices in 28 cities across 14 countries, which BGO believes provides access to deep local knowledge, experience, and extensive networks
 
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in the regions where the Adviser invests and manages real estate. We believe our long-term success in executing our investment strategy will be supported by BGO’s competitive strengths, which include:
•
Experienced Investment Team.   The Adviser’s U.S. team manages over $37 billion of assets consisting of industrial, office, multifamily, retail and hotel properties throughout all major regions of the United States. These investments were made on behalf of the Adviser’s open-end core and core plus funds, development funds, value add funds and separate accounts. With active strategies across geographies and the risk spectrum, we believe the team can quickly identify relative value and capitalize on pricing imbalances. Additionally, since 2010, BentallGreenOak has acquired approximately $20 billion of industrial properties globally consisting of 528 properties and 153 million square feet. In the United States alone, the Adviser has acquired 216 industrial assets for a total of over 67 million square feet and a gross asset value of approximately $11 billion. We believe this extensive, global industrial experience provides the Adviser real-time, proprietary data that we expect will enable us to target specific markets and trends with conviction quickly.
​
•
Stability in Sourcing and Execution.   The Adviser’s extensive deal flow will be sourced primarily through the team’s extensive network of relationships with best-in-class operating partners, developers, brokerage firms and tenants both in the United States and globally. These relationships have been derived from the substantial combined experience of the Adviser’s U.S. senior management team, which on average have 25 years of experience. We expect the Adviser will continue to leverage this extensive market presence as well as the Adviser’s extensive market relationships to build our real estate portfolio.
​
•
Physical Presence and Longstanding Relationships in the Target Markets.   BGO has offices and professionals in nine cities covering every major region in the United States. The U.S. Partners, Managing Directors and investment professionals average over 25 years of experience, which we believe translates to deep market knowledge and established, long-term relationships with operating partners, property owners, developers, brokers, tenants and lenders that are difficult to replicate and typically a high barrier to entry in these geographies. The team’s relationships facilitate proprietary deal sourcing as evidenced by the Adviser’s extensive investment activity. We believe that having a physical presence in every major U.S. region enables the Adviser’s investment professionals to easily pursue investment opportunities.
​
•
Leader in Sustainability.   BGO continues to be among the industry leaders in ESG practices. BGO’s ESG approach is directly tied to our investment strategies and designed to match a range of client and investor risk and return expectations. We approach sustainable investing from both a risk mitigation and a value creation perspective, in order to help enhance the long-term financial and operational resiliency of the asset. With continuously evolving best practices, we believe BGO has achieved cost savings of over $57.7 million from January 2009 through November 2021 as a result of energy efficiency initiatives, specifically our data-driven approach, target setting, and tenant engagement programs. BGO’s ESG initiatives are led by a dedicated, in-house Sustainable Investing team. The Sustainable Investing team partners with our investment and real estate management professionals to help integrate ESG across the asset lifecycle in alignment with client goals.
​
•
Proprietary Research Directed by Industry Leading In-House Team.   The Adviser employs a research driven approach to develop its view of real estate markets. The investment team has developed an in-house methodology that identifies desirable micro locations by using a carefully selected set of demographic and economic variables or “markers.” These markers include population, population growth, population density, knowledge job exposure, educational attainment, patent origination and other live/work/play attributes. Additionally, BGO’s Applied Data Science team uses state-of-the-art AI (machine learning) algorithms to extract information from their proprietary data system that contains over 1.3 billion datapoints — over 35,000 variables that span all commercial real estate submarkets and sectors for the last 30 years. We believe that coupling on-the-ground experienced investment teams with top-down research capabilities will allow the Adviser to identify ahead of the curve locations with strong demand attributes.
​
There is no assurance that we will realize the benefits from the Adviser’s potential competitive strengths or that we will be able to successfully achieve our investment objectives. In connection with prior programs sponsored by BGO, adverse business developments have occurred, generally as a result of broader economic
 
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distress and in most cases were temporary in nature. For example, BGO’s real estate programs have from time to time realized losses on certain investments (including as a result of lender foreclosure), had tenants file for protection from creditors under the bankruptcy code, made partial redemption payouts in accordance with such program’s liquidity provisions, tenants vacate facilities prior to or at the end of, or cease operations during, a lease term, and litigation with tenants involving lease defaults and sales of properties. Further, the Adviser will face conflicts of interest as a result of, among other things, the allocation of investment opportunities among us and Other BGO Accounts, the allocation of time of its investment professionals and the substantial fees that we will pay to the Adviser. See “Risk Factors” and “Prior Performance Summary — Material Adverse Developments on Prior Programs.” For more information regarding the Adviser and BGO’s investment management business, see “Management — The Adviser and BGO.”
Investment Guidelines and Portfolio Allocation
Our board of directors, including our independent directors, reviews our investment portfolio not less than quarterly. In addition, our board of directors has adopted investment guidelines which set forth, among other things, guidelines for investing in our targeted property types and certain investment policies restricting certain types of investments that we describe in more detail below. Our board of directors, including our independent directors, will review the investment guidelines on an annual basis or more frequently as it deems appropriate. Changes to our investment guidelines must be approved by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors. Our board of directors may revise our investment guidelines without the concurrence of our stockholders. However, our board of directors will not amend our charter, including any investment policies that are provided in our charter and described under “Charter-Imposed Investment Limitations” below, without the concurrence of holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote, except for amendments that do not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of our stockholders and do not require stockholder approval under Maryland law.
Our investment guidelines delegate to the Adviser authority to execute acquisitions and dispositions of investments in real estate and real estate-related assets, in each case so long as such acquisitions and dispositions are consistent with the investment guidelines adopted by our board of directors. Our board of directors will at all times have oversight over our investments and may change from time to time the scope of authority delegated to the Adviser with respect to acquisition and disposition transactions. In addition, under our investment guidelines our board of directors is required to approve any acquisition of a single property or portfolio of properties with a purchase price exceeding the greater of (i) $250 million and (ii) 10% of our most recent month-end total asset value (as measured under GAAP) plus the proceeds expected in good faith to be raised in our public offering over the next 12 months. The consideration paid for property we acquire will ordinarily be based on the fair market value of the property, as determined by a majority of our board of directors. If a majority of our independent directors determines, or if the property is acquired from the Adviser, a director, BGO or any of their affiliates, such fair market value shall be determined by a qualified independent appraiser selected by our independent directors.
After we have raised substantial proceeds in this offering and acquired a diversified portfolio of real estate investments (the “Ramp-Up Period”), we intend to invest:
•
At least 80% of our gross asset value in real estate; and
​
•
Up to 20% of our gross asset value in real estate-related assets.
​
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the actual percentage of our portfolio that is invested in each investment type may from time to time be outside the levels provided above due to factors such as a large inflow of capital over a short period of time, the Adviser’s assessment of the relative attractiveness of opportunities or an increase in anticipated cash requirements or repurchase requests and subject to any limitations or requirements relating to our intention to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Certain investments, such as preferred equity investments, could be characterized as either real estate or real estate debt depending on the terms and characteristics of such investments.
Further, although our investment strategy focuses primarily on industrial warehouse and logistics properties, our charter, bylaws and investment guidelines will not preclude us from investing in other types of real estate. However, we do not intend to invest more than 25% of our gross real estate portfolio in other types of real estate.
 
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Identification of Investments and BGO’s Investment Process
BGO believes that it sees a high volume of deal flow as a result of its substantial U.S. investment platform defined by its investment teams spread across nine offices including New York, Boston, Chicago, Austin, Washington, D.C., Miami, Seattle, San Francisco and Los Angeles. BGO’s investment opportunities are sourced primarily through the team’s longstanding relationships in their respective local markets, which are founded on their fair and honest treatment of counterparties. BGO employs a proactive sourcing process to create high quality deal flow through an extensive network of relationships with intermediaries, operating partners, developers, banks, owners and other financial institutions, both in the United States and globally. The depth of the platform and BGO’s relationships serve as primary competitive advantages in assessing pricing risk and accessing off-market transactions.
Members of BGO’s global senior investment team have an average of over 30 years of real estate investing experience across multiple market cycles, diverse geographies and all asset types. The management team and investment professionals of BGO have developed a disciplined investment process to (i) source and underwrite compelling investment opportunities, (ii) structure and complete transactions, (iii) execute a focused business plan and (iv) monetize each asset to generate attractive returns. This process emphasizes collaborative communication, rigorous analysis and sound decision-making using the talents and insights of the entire team. Above all, BGO believes that its relationships, reputation and speed of execution allows it to successfully acquire, manage and realize real estate investments across its investment strategies.
[MISSING IMAGE: tm2226053d1-fc_invest4c.jpg]
Investments in Real Estate
Our investment strategy is centered around building a diversified portfolio of primarily stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties. These properties will primarily consist of institutional-quality, modern bulk distribution warehouses, light industrial buildings, last-mile distribution facilities, temperature-controlled logistics properties, and logistics chain properties. We may also acquire assets that require new development or some amount of capital investment to be renovated or repositioned, although this will be a secondary focus.
To acquire these properties, we intend to focus on locations in the United States and, to a lesser extent, in North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region. We intend to emphasize locations with high barriers to entry, close proximity to large demographic bases, substantial blue-collar workforces and/or access to major distribution infrastructure, primarily located in the lower 48 states. However, we do not intend to designate specific geography or sector allocations for the portfolio; rather the Adviser intends to invest in regions or property types where it sees the best opportunities that support our investment objectives. See “—​Target Market and Submarket Selection.”
 
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All potential acquisitions of real estate are reviewed and approved by the Adviser’s investment committee (the “Investment Committee”) before any binding offers are made. Potential investments are introduced to the Investment Committee by a senior acquisition officer at a weekly screening meeting, at which time the Investment Committee considers suitability, risk profile and estimated rates of return. We believe this methodology ensures that investment selection is a deliberate and thorough process that provides for efficient and comprehensive review and approval of potential transactions. If there is a material variance from the original Investment Committee approval, further Investment Committee review and approval may be required before any deposits are funded and/or before an acquisition is closed. See “Management — The Adviser and BGO.”
Institutional-Quality, Modern Industrial Warehouse and Logistics Properties
Our investment strategy focuses on industrial warehouse and logistics properties that are selected for their location, functionality, potential cash flow characteristics, stability, and generally low maintenance and capital improvement costs. We believe that the majority of industrial space built pre-2000 is increasingly obsolete and, therefore, intend to primarily focus on the acquisition, and to a lesser extent, the development of new construction.
We anticipate that industrial tenants will desire to relocate from older, outdated properties to more efficient, modern facilities in order to improve their profit margins. We believe that new, modern buildings with sufficient height and power will enable tenants to deliver more volume effectively, resulting in meaningfully greater profitability for the tenant's business. Furthermore, we believe that this formula allows tenants the flexibility to pay higher rents for modern buildings, in a strong labor market with ample transportation connectivity, without sacrificing the tenant's profitability.
We expect that our industrial warehouse and logistics properties will typically be comprised of multiple types of buildings suitable for single or multiple tenants. The types and characteristics of properties that we intend to target include, but are not limited to, the following:
Building Type
​ ​
Description
​
Bulk distribution ​ ​ Large-scale facilities with a size ranging from 150,000 to 1.5 million square feet that serve single or multitenant users for storing and distributing goods across a wide geographic area, such as e-commerce fulfillment centers. ​
Light industrial ​ ​ Buildings similar in function to bulk distribution centers, but more easily divisible to accommodate tenants distributing to a smaller geographic area. These buildings are usually 150,000 square feet or less and are rented to either single or multitenant users. ​
Last-mile distribution ​ ​ Bulk distribution or light industrial facilities utilized in connection with e-commerce and focused on end-user distribution. ​
Temperature controlled logistics
​ ​ Distribution facilities that include freezer facilities, agriculture production facilities, pre-cooling facilities, and pharmaceutical facilities. ​
Logistics chain investments ​ ​ Industrial outdoor storage, data centers, logistics terminals and other essential components of the logistics supply chain. ​
We believe that ownership of industrial warehouse and logistics properties may have certain potential advantages relative to ownership of other types of real estate, including, but not limited to, the following:
•
generally exhibiting lower rent volatility and include either predictable fixed rent increases or CPI-based rent escalators, resulting in greater revenue stability;
​
•
limited cost responsibilities for the owner, as tenants typically pay for expenses such as insurance, taxes, utilities, and maintenance due to the “net lease” nature of most industrial property leases;
​
•
exhibits lower operating costs and capital improvement costs;
​
•
our expectation is that demand trends for e-commerce, which relies on industrial warehouse and logistics properties, will remain well above GDP growth for the foreseeable future. This serves as a
​
 
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major growth catalyst for industrial real estate as we believe ecommerce sales requires ~3x the warehouse space compared to brick and mortar;
•
We expect that the incorporation of robotics, automation, and artificial intelligence inside industrial buildings will lead to a significant shift in tenant demand from pre-2000 to post-2000 industrial assets. This may require a significant investment from tenants in their automation buildouts, which in turn increases the chances of lease renewal upon expiration;
​
•
Rent is typically a marginal expense, representing around 5% of logistics costs for most industrial tenants, which allows tenants to increase rental cost to obtain significant operational efficiencies and lower transportation costs resulting from more desirable industrial spaces. This may lead to increased demand for desirable industrial space;
​
•
Our belief is that value in the industrial sector is primarily driven by key factors such as location and access to transportation infrastructure, rather than aesthetics. This helps to significantly slow the pace of building obsolescence, preserving property value over time;
​
•
The industrial sector’s diverse tenant base, which generally reflects the overall economy, enables diversification across various economic sectors, resulting in greater cash flow stability; and
​
•
We believe that growing consumer demand for a broader range of products and more efficient delivery methods, particularly in e-commerce fulfillment, will continue to fuel demand for additional industrial space.
​
We believe that based on these factors, among others, cash flows generated by industrial warehouse and logistics properties should exhibit greater stability and certainty than those generated by other types of real estate assets.
Portfolio Diversification
While we intend to be a pure-play industrial REIT, our objective is to build a diversified portfolio of industrial warehouse and logistics properties. Although there can be no assurance that we will achieve this objective, after the Ramp-Up Period and over time, we intend to diversify our portfolio in the following ways:
•
Markets:   We will generally seek to avoid concentrating our portfolio in a single market or submarket based on our annual aggregate net rental income. See “— Target Market and Submarket Selection.”
​
•
Tenants:   We will generally seek to avoid having any single tenant account for a significant portion of our annual aggregate net rental income.
​
•
Industry Exposure:   We will generally seek broad based exposure to multiple industries within our customer base.
​
•
Lease Rollovers:   To the extent reasonably possible, we intend to manage our portfolio over time to avoid an excessive level of lease rollover and/or expirations in any given year.
​
Target Market and Submarket Selection
Through a blend of deep investment and development experience, proprietary data science and in-house research, we intend to build a strong income producing portfolio of industrial assets. Our strategy will take advantage of secular tailwinds in the industrial sector, including consumers’ shift to e-commerce, increased supply-chain resiliency and the onshoring of manufacturing. We expect to enhance our ability to successfully invest around these trends by selecting markets and submarkets that demonstrate moderate to high barriers to entry, proximity to large and or growing population centers, access to major distribution infrastructure and/or adjacency to food or goods production.
•
Access to Blue-Collar Labor:    Availability of labor is a major concern for industrial tenants, as low unemployment and rapid growth in industrial supply have led to a shortage of blue-collar workers in some areas. In order to mitigate this risk, we will consider both the availability and cost of potential workers in proximity to our target investments, which we expect will lead us to markets such as Charlotte, Cincinnati, San Antonio, and St. Louis, where labor availability is relatively robust.
​
 
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•
Supply Constraints:   High population density and land costs, difficult local approval processes and challenging topography can all contribute to a shortfall of modern industrial product in locations highly desired by space users. We believe this enhances the value of existing industrial facilities. Target markets with these attributes include New England, New York/New Jersey, Southeast Florida, Southern California and the Bay Area.
​
•
Undersupplied Locations with Large, Growing Population:   Many strong demographic markets have historically lacked the manufacturing base to warrant large amounts of industrial space, leaving them with limited space per capita. With e-commerce and onshoring changing the nature of demand, these markets are experiencing an upswing in the need for space to serve expanding local and regional populations. Target markets include Austin/San Antonio, Raleigh/Durham, the I-4 Corridor in Florida (Tampa/Orlando) and Sacramento.
​
•
Proximity to Large Demographic Base and/or Substantial Distribution Infrastructure:   We believe access to population, nearby goods production and the distribution networks necessary to move goods locally, regionally or globally are key aspects of industrial users’ location selection process. Population, interstate highway infrastructure, rail and intermodal access, proximity to airports and seaports, nearby manufacturing and food processing and geographic centrality are all potential benefits of these markets. Target investment locations include: Atlanta, Savannah, Dallas, Chicago, Central Pennsylvania, Memphis, Kansas City, Phoenix, Northern New Jersey and Southern California.
​
Our portfolio construction efforts will reflect the need for geographic and tenant diversification and we intend to cultivate a portfolio in markets with a desirable blend of the attributes above. We believe this strategy will lead us to additional markets such as Houston, Louisville, Greensboro-Winston-Salem, Denver, Nashville, Las Vegas, Reno, Seattle/Tacoma and Nashville. In all cases, we intend to prioritize submarkets with favorable location attributes in terms of access to distribution infrastructure, labor and consumers, healthy supply/demand fundamentals, scale of existing inventory and the presence of national distribution tenants. In addition, we may target certain markets outside the United States where there are opportunities to further diversify our portfolio and where consistent with our investment objectives.
Ownership Interests
The Operating Partnership or one or more subsidiary entities controlled by the Operating Partnership will acquire properties on our behalf. In many cases, we will acquire the entire equity ownership interest in properties and exercise control over such properties. However, we may also enter into joint ventures, general partnerships, co-tenancies and other participation arrangements with other investors, including affiliates of the Adviser (including Other BGO Accounts), to acquire properties. We generally will acquire fee simple interests for the properties (in which we own both the land and the building improvements), but may invest in leased fee and leasehold interests if we believe the investment is consistent with our investment strategy and objectives.
Joint Ventures and Other Co-Ownership Arrangements
Subject to limitations in our charter, we may enter into joint ventures, partnerships, tenant-in-common investments or other co-ownership arrangements with entities affiliated with the Adviser (including Other BGO Accounts), as well as third parties for the acquisition, improvement or development of properties, including, for example, our ownership interest in the Seed Joint Venture. In certain cases, we may not control the management of the affairs of the joint venture. A joint venture creates an alignment of interest with a source of capital for the benefit of our stockholders. In determining whether to invest in a particular joint venture, the Adviser will evaluate the real property that such joint venture owns or is being formed to own under the same criteria described elsewhere in this prospectus for our selection of real property investments.
The terms of any particular joint venture will be established on a case-by-case basis considering all relevant facts, including the nature and attributes of the potential joint venture partner, the proposed structure of the joint venture, the nature of the operations, the liabilities and assets associated with the proposed joint venture and the size of our interest in the venture. Other factors we will consider include: (1) our ability to manage and control the joint venture; (2) our ability to exit the joint venture; and (3) our ability to control transfers of interests held by other partners to the venture. Our interests may not be totally
 
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aligned with those of our partner. See “Risks Related to This Offering and Our Organizational Structure — We may make a substantial amount of joint venture investments, including with Other BGO Accounts. Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on the financial condition of our joint venture partners and disputes between us and our joint venture partners.”
In the event that the joint venture partner elects to sell property held in any such joint venture, we may lack sufficient funds to exercise any right of first refusal or other purchase right that we may have. Entering into joint ventures with other BGO-sponsored programs will result in certain conflicts of interest. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest” and “Conflicts of Interest.”
We may enter into joint ventures with BGO, one or more of our directors or any of their affiliates, including other BGO-sponsored programs, only if a majority of our directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and on substantially the same, or more favorable, terms and conditions as those received by other affiliate joint venture partners.
Co-Investments
We may co-invest with third parties or Other BGO Accounts, including by dividing a portfolio of assets among us and such co-investor.
Due Diligence
Comprehensive due diligence is conducted on each property that the Adviser proposes to purchase on our behalf, which typically includes:
•
Examination of an asset’s historical operating performance and capital investment;
​
•
Market analysis;
​
•
Competitive property review;
​
•
Tenant retention and credit review;
​
•
Physical/engineering condition assessment;
​
•
Environmental assessment;
​
•
Insurable risk assessment;
​
•
Replacement cost analysis;
​
•
Identification of legal, tax and regulatory considerations;
​
•
Identification of optimal capital structure and financing;
​
•
Review of potential exit strategies; and
​
•
Assessment of transaction risks with related mitigants.
​
BGO uses the results of its due diligence to create what it believes to be conservative underwriting assumptions and formulate asset pricing. Attorneys and other third-party advisors are engaged as appropriate to analyze legal issues and assess the environmental and physical condition of a prospective asset. During the due diligence process, a detailed asset management plan is developed for each investment.
BGO Research and Data Science
Proprietary research and data science play a critical role in all stages of the investment process at BGO. BGO’s in-house Research & Strategy and Applied Data Science Teams are key partners in both formulating portfolio strategies and executing those strategies through the identification and evaluation of specific property investments.
The Research & Strategy Team is tasked with keeping the firm apprised of market trends and helping cultivate the house view that guides all investments at the firm. Through extensive primary and secondary
 
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research, this team develops the insights and thought leadership that have helped BGO invest successfully across a broad set of markets, property sectors, and business cycle conditions. This work is supported by a significant investment in best-in-class, third-party research and data. The Research & Strategy Team collaborates closely with BGO’s Applied Data Science Team helping to answer critical investment questions through innovative, data-driven frameworks.
BGO’s Center of Excellence in Applied Data Science represents the firm’s commitment to maintaining a competitive edge and staying at the forefront of the technology and data best practices that successful real estate investment strategies will increasingly rely on. The Applied Data Science Team manages the infrastructure that allows the firm to analyze traditional and non-traditional data on a massive scale and helps streamline and automate many of BGO’s analytical processes. This team also develops proprietary models using advanced machine learning algorithms that allow us to identify target markets at a scale and level of efficiency unachievable through commonly used research methods.
By integrating these innovative data insights with BGO’s research and real time investment experiences, BGO can achieve the best possible investment outcomes for its clients. All potential acquisitions are evaluated in the context of their market’s performance in BGO’s proprietary models, third party rankings, and BGO’s evaluation of submarket and micro-market supply and demand conditions. Locations are evaluated with ring and drive-time studies to better understand characteristics such as population level and growth, walk scores, household incomes, worker education and occupation profiles, access to jobs (e.g. commute times), housing costs, and consumer buying power.
Once an asset has been acquired the Research & Strategy and Applied Data Science Teams continue to evaluate market trends and model rankings and keep asset and portfolio managers apprised of material changes in current or expected performance. The Research & Strategy Team contributes to quarterly and annual reporting processes for each investment, continually providing analysis of the market factors that influence investment performance.
Collectively, these teams work closely with BGO’s portfolio and asset management teams to provide regular evaluations of and updates to investment strategies, which will guide business plan execution, including buy/sell/hold decisions.
Exit Strategies
A key component of every initial investment decision is the identification of the investment’s potential exit options. We believe BGO’s team and platform possess significant capital markets, financial structuring and transaction experience that is expected to enable the investment team, in certain cases, to underwrite multiple exit strategies for our investments. We anticipate that we will hold most of our properties for five to ten years, though holding periods may be shorter or longer than such range.
The Adviser’s portfolio managers dedicated to our investment strategy as well as the balance of the Investment Committee continuously monitor both purchased and developed assets for potential liquidity. The hold/sell process is inter-functional and incorporates transactions, asset management and portfolio management through the investment life cycle. Investment Committee approval is required before an asset’s disposition. When determining whether to sell a particular asset, the Adviser takes the following steps:
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Evaluate Property:   The process of identifying assets in the portfolio for sale begins with a formal hold/​sell analysis that is conducted annually by asset management and portfolio management teams, and coincides with the completion of an annual budget and business plan; however, it may also be initiated in connection with an asset review for a quarterly report or a weekly portfolio meeting.
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Monitor Market Conditions:   Potential exits are determined by assessing the prospects for a readily available disposition or recapitalization based on the ongoing performance of specific investments and changing market conditions.
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Assess Property Performance and Reinvestment Opportunities:   Many of the factors that influence the Adviser’s hold/sell recommendation are directly related to the determination of an asset’s potential to contribute to future performance. Property-level and portfolio-level analytics are updated regularly and are considered in determining disposition targets. We intend to balance the decision to
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sell an asset with our ability to reinvest the sale proceeds into assets that have greater potential to realize stronger performance. In addition to this liquidity analysis, the timing of the asset’s ultimate disposition is initially reviewed during the investment decision and continually reassessed thereafter.
We believe that holding our target assets for a long period of time will enable us to execute our business plan, generate favorable cash-on-cash returns and drive long-term cash flow and NAV growth.
Generally, we will reinvest proceeds from the sale, financing or disposition of properties in a manner consistent with our investment strategy, although we may be required to distribute such proceeds to the stockholders in order to comply with REIT requirements.
Investments in Real Estate-Related Assets
Real Estate Debt
Our real estate debt strategy is focused on generating current income and contributing to our overall net returns. The type of real estate debt investments we seek to acquire are non-distressed public and private real estate debt, including, but not limited to, real estate-related corporate credit, mortgages, loans, mezzanine and other forms of debt, and may also include derivatives. Our investments in real estate debt will be focused in the United States, but may also include investments issued or backed by real estate in North America, Europe, the Asia-Pacific region and certain other countries.
Our loan investments may include commercial mortgage loans, bank loans, mezzanine loans, other interests relating to real estate and debt of companies in the business of owning and/or operating real estate-related businesses. Commercial mortgage loans are typically secured by single-family, multifamily or commercial property and are subject to risks of delinquency and foreclosure. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by an income-producing property typically is dependent primarily upon the successful operation of such property rather than upon the existence of independent income or assets of the borrower.
We may also invest in real estate-related derivatives, including, without limitation, total return swaps and credit default swaps that have real estate debt as reference assets. See “— Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities.”
We do not intend to make loans to other persons or to engage in the purchase and sale of any types of investments other than those related to real estate.
Mezzanine loans may take the form of subordinated loans secured by a pledge of the ownership interests of either the entity owning the real property or an entity that owns (directly or indirectly) the interest in the entity owning the real property. These types of investments may involve a higher degree of risk than mortgage lending because the investment may become unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender.
Although our investments in real estate debt investments will be primarily in non-distressed debt investments (based on our belief that there is not a low likelihood of repayment), we may nonetheless invest in instruments of any credit quality at various levels of an issuer’s capital structure. Debt securities of below investment grade quality are regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and to repay principal, and are commonly referred to as “high yield” securities. Securities rated Caa or below and CCC or below are considered vulnerable to nonpayment and their issuers to be dependent on favorable business, financial and economic conditions to meet their financial commitments. Securities rated below Caa/CCC may include obligations already in default. Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category will likely possess speculative characteristics. Additionally, some of our investments may be structured as investments in real estate debt securities or loans but are intended to provide us with returns based on the performance of the related real estate. As such, these debt securities or loans may have risks that are similar to that which a real estate equity investment would possess.
Real Estate-Related Securities
Our real estate-related securities will serve as a cash management strategy before investing offering proceeds into longer-term real estate assets. In addition, we believe that, subject to applicable law, our real
 
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estate-related securities could be used, in part, to maintain appropriate liquidity levels to provide cash to satisfy repurchase requests under our share repurchase plan that we chose to satisfy in any particular month. Our securities portfolio will primarily focus on agency and non-agency RMBS, CMBS, CLOs, CDOs and publicly listed equity securities of real estate and real estate-related companies.
CMBS may include multi-issuer CMBS, single-issuer CMBS and “rake bonds,” in each case, relating to real estate-related companies or assets. In a typical multi-issuer CMBS issuance, one or more mortgage loans of varying size, asset type (including, but not limited to, office, retail, multifamily, hospitality, industrial and single-family rental), and geography are pooled and transferred to a trust. The trust then issues a series of bonds that vary in duration, payment priority and yield. Then rating agencies (such as Moody’s, S&P or Fitch) assign credit ratings to the various bond classes ranging from investment grade to below investment grade.
We may also invests in RMBS. In a typical RMBS issuance, residential mortgages of varying size and geographic location are pooled and transferred to a trust. The trust then issues a series of bonds that vary in duration, payment priority, and yield. Then rating agencies (such as S&P’s, Moody’s, or Fitch) assign credit ratings to the various bond classes ranging from investment grade to below investment grade.
We may invest in securities that are unregistered (but are eligible for purchase and sale by certain qualified institutional buyers) or are held by control persons of the issuer and securities that are subject to contractual restrictions on their resale. However, we may only invest in equity securities if a majority of our directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction approves such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.
We do not intend that our investments in real estate-related securities will require us to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, and we intend to generally divest appropriate securities before any such registration would be required.
Issuing Securities for Property
Subject to limitations contained in our charter, we may issue, or cause to be issued, shares of our stock or limited partnership units in the Operating Partnership in any manner (and on such terms and for such consideration) in exchange for real estate. Our stockholders have no preemptive rights to purchase any such shares of our stock or limited partnership units, and any such issuance might cause a dilution of a stockholder’s investment. We may enter into additional contractual arrangements with contributors of property under which we would agree to repurchase a contributor’s units for shares of our common stock or cash, at the option of the contributor, at specified times.
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities
We may use derivatives for hedging purposes and, subject to maintaining our status as a REIT and compliance with any applicable exemption from being regulated as a commodity pool operator, we may also use derivatives for investment purposes and as a form of effective leverage. Our principal investments in derivative instruments may include investments in interest rate swaps, total return swaps, credit default swaps and indices thereon, and short sales (typically related to treasuries), but we may also invest in futures transactions, options and options on futures. See “Risk Factors — We may invest in derivatives, which involve numerous risks.”
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Other Short-Term Investments
We intend to hold cash, cash equivalents and other short-term investments. These types of investments may include the following, to the extent consistent with our intended qualification as a REIT:
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Money market instruments, cash and other cash equivalents (such as high-quality short-term debt instruments, including commercial paper, certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances, repurchase agreements, interest-bearing time deposits and credit rated corporate debt securities);
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•
U.S. government or government agency securities; and
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•
Credit-rated corporate debt or asset-backed securities of U.S. or foreign entities, or credit-rated debt securities of foreign governments or multi-national organizations.
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Other Investments
We may, subject to any required approvals from our board of directors, but do not presently intend to, make investments other than as described above. At all times, we intend to make investments in such a manner consistent with maintaining our qualification as a REIT under the Code and maintaining our status as a non-investment company under the Investment Company Act. We do not intend to underwrite securities of other issuers.
Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG)
Our investment strategies and objectives will be consistent with sustainability initiatives that BGO, as a firm, has adopted consistently across its platform. BGO maintains an internal sustainability team that works closely with the investment and asset management teams, including the Adviser, to facilitate the holistic adoption of sustainability principles into the investment process. BGO approaches ESG through a business lens and does not view a trade-off between corporate responsibility and profitability. BGO intends to implement ESG best practices with a view to achieving not only significant expense savings but also enhanced revenues and improved capital market desirability of an asset.
Borrowing Policies
We intend to use financial leverage to provide additional funds to support our investment activities. This allows us to make more investments than would otherwise be possible, resulting in a broader portfolio. Subject to the limitation on indebtedness for money borrowed in our charter described below, our target leverage ratio after the Ramp-Up Period is 50% to 60%. Our leverage ratio is measured by dividing (i) consolidated property-level debt, entity-level debt and debt on real estate debt or real estate-related investments, net of cash and loan-related restricted cash, by (ii) the asset value of real estate investments (measured using the greater of fair market value and cost) plus the gross value in our real estate debt and real estate-related investments. Indebtedness incurred in connection with funding a deposit in advance of the closing of an investment or as other working capital advances, will not be included as part of the calculation above. Our real estate debt portfolio may have embedded leverage through the use of reverse repurchase agreements and derivatives, including, but not limited to, total return swaps, securities lending arrangements and credit default swaps.
During the Ramp-Up Period and/or times of increased investment and capital market activity, but subject to the limitation on indebtedness for money borrowed in our charter described below, we may employ greater leverage to quickly build a broader portfolio of assets. We may leverage our portfolio by assuming or incurring secured or unsecured property-level or entity-level debt. An example of property-level debt is a mortgage loan secured by an individual property or portfolio of properties incurred or assumed in connection with our acquisition of such property or portfolio of properties. An example of entity-level debt is a line of credit obtained by us or the Operating Partnership. We may in the future procure financing from the Adviser or its affiliates; provided, that any such financing will be approved by a majority our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction as fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances. We may decide to reserve borrowing capacity under any future lines of credit to be used to fund repurchases of shares of our common stock in the event that repurchase requests exceed our operating cash flows and net proceeds from our continuous public offering, to fund acquisitions or for any other corporate purpose.
Our actual leverage level will be affected by a number of factors, some of which are outside our control. Significant inflows of proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock generally will cause our leverage as a percentage of our net assets, or our leverage ratio, to decrease, at least temporarily. Significant outflows of equity as a result of repurchases of shares of our common stock generally will cause our leverage ratio to increase, at least temporarily. Our leverage ratio will also increase or decrease with decreases or increases, respectively, in the value of our portfolio. If we borrow under a line of credit to fund
 
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repurchases of shares of our common stock or for other purposes, our leverage would increase and may exceed our target leverage. In such cases, our leverage may remain at the higher level until we receive additional net proceeds from our continuous offering or sell some of our assets to repay outstanding indebtedness.
Our board of directors will review our aggregate borrowings at least quarterly. In connection with such review, our board of directors may determine to modify our target leverage ratio in light of then-current economic conditions, relative costs of debt and equity capital, fair values of our properties, general conditions in the market for debt and equity securities, growth and investment opportunities or other factors. We may exceed our target leverage ratio at times if the Adviser deems it advisable for us. For example, if we fund repurchases under a line of credit, we will consider actual borrowings when determining whether we are at our leverage target, but not unused borrowing capacity. If, therefore, we are at a leverage ratio of 50% to 60% and we borrow additional amounts under a line of credit, or if the value of our portfolio decreases, our leverage could exceed 60% of our gross real estate assets. In the event that our leverage ratio exceeds our target, regardless of the reason, we will thereafter endeavor to manage our leverage back down to our target.
There is no limit on the amount we may borrow with respect to any individual property or portfolio. However, under our charter we may not incur indebtedness for money borrowed in an amount exceeding 300% of the cost of our net assets, which approximates borrowing 75% of the cost of our investments, unless any excess over this limit is approved by a majority of our independent directors, and disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report, along with justification for such excess. This limitation includes indebtedness for money borrowed with respect to our real estate-related asset portfolio. “Net assets” is defined as our total assets other than intangibles valued at cost (prior to deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts and other non-cash reserves) less total liabilities.
Our charter prohibits us from obtaining loans from any of our directors, the Adviser or any of their affiliates, unless approved by a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of our independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction as fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and on terms and conditions not less favorable than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties under the same or similar circumstances.
Temporary Strategies
During the Ramp-Up Period and/or periods in which the Adviser determines that economic or market conditions are unfavorable to investors and a defensive strategy would benefit us, we may temporarily depart from our investment strategy. During these periods, subject to compliance with the Investment Company Act, we may deviate from our target allocations and invest less than 80% of our gross asset value in real estate and/or greater than 20% of our gross asset value in real estate-related assets, or invest all or any portion of our assets in U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities; non-U.S. government securities that have received the highest investment grade credit rating; certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association; commercial paper; bankers’ acceptances; fixed time deposits; shares of money market funds; credit-linked notes; repurchase agreements with respect to any of the foregoing; or any other fixed income securities that the Adviser considers consistent with this strategy. During these periods, we may also determine to pay down certain of our indebtedness and have indebtedness below our target leverage or we may borrow more to provide for additional liquidity causing us to exceed our target leverage. It is impossible to predict when, or for how long, the Adviser will use these alternative strategies. There can be no assurance that such strategies will be successful.
Charter-Imposed Investment Limitations
Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds, including the following:
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We will not make investments in unimproved real property or indebtedness secured by a deed of trust or mortgage loans on unimproved real property in excess of 10% of our total assets. Unimproved real property means a property in which we have an equity interest that was not acquired for the
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purpose of producing rental or other income, that has no development or construction in process and for which no development or construction is planned, in good faith, to commence within one year;
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We will not invest in commodities or commodity futures contracts (which term does not include derivatives related to non-commodity investments, including futures contracts when used solely for the purpose of hedging in connection with our ordinary business of investing in real estate, real estate debt and real estate-related securities);
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•
We will not invest in real estate contracts of sale, otherwise known as land sale contracts, unless the contract is in recordable form and is appropriately recorded in the chain of title;
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We will not make or invest in individual mortgage loans unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property except for mortgage loans insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency. In cases where a majority of our independent directors determines and in all cases in which a mortgage loan transaction is with the Adviser, our sponsor, any of our directors or any of their affiliates, the appraisal shall be obtained from an independent appraiser. We will maintain the appraisal in our records for at least five years and it will be available for inspection and duplication by our common stockholders. We will also obtain a mortgagee’s or owner’s title insurance policy as to the priority of the mortgage or condition of the title;
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We will not make or invest in mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one real property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans on such real property would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of such real property as determined by appraisal unless substantial justification exists because of the presence of other underwriting criteria;
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We will not make or invest in mortgage loans that are subordinate to any lien or other indebtedness or equity interest of any of our directors, our sponsor, the Adviser or any of their affiliates;
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We will not issue (1) equity securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder (except that stockholders may offer their shares of our common stock to us pursuant to our share repurchase plan), (2) debt securities unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most recently completed fiscal year) as adjusted for known changes is anticipated to be sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt, (3) equity securities on a deferred payment basis or under similar arrangements or (4) options or warrants to any of our directors, our sponsor, the Adviser, or any of their affiliates, except on the same terms as such options or warrants, if any, are sold to the general public. Options or warrants may be issued to persons other than any of our directors, our sponsor, the Adviser, or any of their affiliates, but not at exercise prices less than the fair value of the underlying securities on the date of grant and not for consideration (which may include services) that in the judgment of the independent directors has a fair value less than the value of the option or warrant on the date of grant;
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We will not engage in the business of underwriting or the agency distribution of securities issued by other persons;
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We will not acquire interests or equity securities in any entity holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by our charter except for investments in which we hold a non-controlling interest or investments in any entity having securities listed on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on an interdealer quotation system; and
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We will not acquire equity securities unless a majority of the board of directors (including a majority of the independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approves such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.
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In addition, our charter includes many other investment limitations in connection with transactions with affiliated entities or persons. Our charter also includes restrictions on roll-up transactions, which are described under “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Roll-Up Transactions.”
 
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Investment Company Act Considerations
We intend to engage primarily in the business of investing in real estate and to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries is required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Under the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, a company is an “investment company” if:
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Under Section 3(a)(1)(A), it is, or holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; or
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Under Section 3(a)(1)(C), it is engaged, or proposes to engage, in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns, or proposes to acquire, “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the “40% test.” The term “investment securities” generally includes all securities except U.S. government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exemption from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act.
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We intend to acquire real estate and real estate-related assets directly, primarily by acquiring fee interests in real property. We may also invest in real property indirectly through investments in joint venture entities, including joint venture entities in which we do not own a controlling interest. We anticipate that our assets generally will be held in our wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries, each formed to hold a particular asset. A smaller portion of our assets are anticipated to be real estate debt.
We intend to conduct our operations so that we and most of our wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries will comply with the 40% test. We will continuously monitor our holdings on an ongoing basis to determine compliance with this test. We expect that most, if not all, of our wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be relying on exemptions under either Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. Consequently, interests in these subsidiaries (which are expected to constitute a substantial majority of our assets) generally will not constitute “investment securities.” Accordingly, we believe that we and most, if not all, of our wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries will not be considered investment companies under Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
In addition, we believe that neither we nor any of our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries will be considered an investment company under Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act because they will not engage primarily or hold themselves out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Rather, we and our subsidiaries will be primarily engaged in non-investment company businesses related to real estate. Consequently, we and our subsidiaries expect to be able to conduct their respective operations such that none of them will be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.
We will determine whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of our Company. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act defines voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We treat entities in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. We have not requested that the SEC or its staff approve our treatment of any entity as a majority-owned subsidiary, and neither has done so. If the SEC or its staff was to disagree with our treatment of one or more subsidiary entities as majority-owned subsidiaries, we would need to adjust our strategy and our assets in order to continue to pass the 40% test. Any adjustment in our strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
If we or any of our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries would ever inadvertently fall within one of the definitions of “investment company,” we intend to rely on the exemption provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” The SEC staff has taken the position that this exemption, in addition to prohibiting the issuance of certain types of securities,
 
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generally requires that at least 55% of an entity’s assets must be comprised of mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate, also known as “qualifying assets,” and at least another 25% of the entity’s assets must be comprised of additional qualifying assets or a broader category of assets that we refer to as “real estate-related assets” under the Investment Company Act (and no more than 20% of the entity’s assets may be comprised of miscellaneous assets).
We will classify our assets for purposes of our 3(c)(5)(C) exemption based upon no-action positions taken by the SEC staff and interpretive guidance provided by the SEC and its staff. These no-action positions are based on specific factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than twenty years ago. No assurance can be given that the SEC or its staff will concur with our classification of our assets. In addition, the SEC or its staff may, in the future, issue further guidance that may require us to re-classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act. If we are required to re-classify our assets, we may no longer be in compliance with the exemption from the definition of an investment company provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act.
For purposes of determining whether we satisfy the 55%/25% test, based on the no-action letters issued by the SEC staff, we intend to classify our fee interests in real property, held by us directly or through our wholly owned subsidiaries or controlled subsidiaries as qualifying assets. In addition, based on no-action letters issued by the SEC staff, we will treat our investments in joint ventures, which in turn invest in qualifying assets such as real property, as qualifying assets only if we have the right to approve major decisions by the joint venture; otherwise, they will be classified as real estate-related assets. We will not participate in joint ventures in which we do not have or share control to the extent that we believe such participation would potentially threaten our status as a non-investment company exempt from the Investment Company Act. This may prevent us from receiving an allocation with respect to certain investment opportunities that are suitable for both us and one or more Other BGO Accounts. We expect that no less than 55% of our assets will consist of investments in real property, including any joint ventures that we control.
Qualifying for an exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act will limit our ability to make certain investments. For example, these restrictions may limit our and our subsidiaries’ ability to invest directly in mortgage-backed securities that represent less than the entire ownership in a pool of mortgage loans, debt and equity tranches of securitizations and certain asset-backed securities, non-controlling equity interests in real estate companies or in assets not related to real estate, however, we and our subsidiaries may invest in such securities to a certain extent.
Although we intend to monitor our portfolio, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this exemption from registration.
A change in the value of any of our assets could negatively affect our ability to maintain our exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act. To maintain compliance with the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exemption, we may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we may have to acquire additional assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to acquire assets that we would otherwise want to acquire and would be important to our investment strategy.
To the extent that the SEC or its staff provide more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon the definition of investment company and the exemptions to that definition, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. On August 31, 2011, the SEC issued a concept release and request for comments regarding the Section 3(c)(5)(C) exemption (Release No. IC-29778) in which it contemplated the possibility of issuing new rules or providing new interpretations of the exemption that might, among other things, define the phrase “liens on and other interests in real estate” or consider sources of income in determining a company’s “primary business.” Any additional guidance from the SEC or its staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.
 
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If we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, we would become subject to substantial regulation with respect to our capital structure (including our ability to use borrowings), management, operations, transactions with affiliated persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act) and portfolio composition, including disclosure requirements and restrictions with respect to diversification and industry concentration and other matters. Compliance with the Investment Company Act would, accordingly, limit our ability to make certain investments and require us to significantly restructure our business plan. For additional discussion of the risks that we would face if we were required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to This Offering and Our Organizational Structure — Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act.”
 
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INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO
In connection with the commencement of this offering, and pursuant to the terms of the Contribution Agreement, Sun Life is expected to contribute its interest in the Seed Joint Venture that indirectly owns the Seed Portfolio to us in exchange for 13,000,000 Class E units of the Operating Partnership at a price per unit equal to $10.00. The purchase price of the Seed Joint Venture will be equal to $130 million, which represents the aggregate capital contributions made by Sun Life in respect of the Seed Joint Venture. As of March 31, 2023, the estimated gross asset value of the Seed Portfolio was $948 million (inclusive of cash on hand and the value of certain debt). Following the Seed JV Acquisition, our 56.5% interest in the Seed Joint Venture is expected to represent an indirect 34.2% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio.
Seed Portfolio
The Seed Portfolio consists of approximately 9,417,333 square feet in 29 separate industrial buildings located throughout the United States Midwest. The Seed Portfolio is divided into four assets that consist of three regional portfolios in St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Kansas City, and one stand-alone industrial property in Kenosha, which is located in the Chicago metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”). The Seed Portfolio was developed in partnership between NorthPoint Development (“NorthPoint”) and Northwestern Mutual between 2012 and 2023.
We expect to own the Seed Portfolio through a 56.5% ownership interest in the Seed Joint Venture between us and a BGO advised state pension client (“BGO Client”). The Seed Joint Venture holds a 60.5% ownership interest in a joint venture (the “NorthPoint Joint Venture”) with NP NTR Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and affiliate of NorthPoint, the original developer of the underlying assets that encompass the Seed Portfolio. The existing partners, NorthPoint, Sun Life, and BGO Client, recapitalized the Seed Portfolio (the “Recapitalization”), acquiring it from a partnership between NorthPoint and Northwestern Mutual on September 29, 2022. The Seed Portfolio was financed with a senior loan of $560.4 million (60% loan to value ratio) at an interest rate of 4.0% in two tranches consisting of 4- and 5-year terms.
The table below sets forth certain summary information regarding the Seed Portfolio as of April 30, 2023.
Property
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Market
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Sector
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Number of
Buildings
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Total
Square Feet
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Real Estate
Value(1)
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Allocated
Value Per
Square Foot
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Year Built
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Occupied
Rate(2)
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Hazelwood Tradeport(3)
​ ​ St. Louis ​ ​ ​ ​ Industrial ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,796,011 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 362,400,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 95 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2018 – 2023 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 75% ​ ​
West Chester Trade Center
​ ​ Cincinnati ​ ​ ​ ​ Industrial ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,343,109 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 240,600,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 103 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2019 – 2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Horizons Industrial
​ ​ Kansas City ​ ​ ​ ​ Industrial ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,520,932 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 246,300,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 98 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2012 – 2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Heartland 94
​ ​
Chicago MSA
​ ​ ​ ​ Industrial ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 757,281 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 68,100,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 90 ​ ​ ​
2022
​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Total/Average ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 29 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,417,333 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 917,400,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 97 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 90% ​ ​
​
(1)
Real Estate Value represents the appraised value of each property included in the Seed Portfolio as of March 31, 2023.
​
(2)
Occupied Rate includes all leased square footage as of April 30, 2023.
​
(3)
The remaining square footage at Hazelwood Transport was delivered in February 2023.
​
 
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As of April 30, 2023, no tenants individually represented more than 10.0% of total occupied square feet of our portfolio (inclusive of all leased square footage) and no tenants individually represented more than 10.0% of total annualized base rent of our portfolio. Please see footnote 2 below regarding how we define annualized base rent.
The table below sets forth summary information regarding the lease expiration schedule for the Seed Portfolio as of April 30, 2023:
Year
​ ​
Number of
Expiring
Leases
​ ​
Expiring
Square
Feet(1)
​ ​
Percent
of Seed
Portfolio
(based on
Total Square
Footage)
​ ​
Annualized
Base Rent
(in dollars)(2)
​ ​
Percent
of Seed
Portfolio
(based on
Annualized
Base Rent)
​
2023 (remaining)
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ —% ​ ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ —% ​ ​
2024
​ ​ ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 696,842 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,849,720 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9% ​ ​
2025
​ ​ ​ ​ 8 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 613,745 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,268,305 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8% ​ ​
2026
​ ​ ​ ​ 13 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,232,082 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 15% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6,008,148 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14% ​ ​
2027
​ ​ ​ ​ 19 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,582,657 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 19% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,272,418 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 19% ​ ​
2028
​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 772,286 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4,157,857 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10% ​ ​
2029
​ ​ ​ ​ 4 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 341,892 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,772,653 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4% ​ ​
2030
​ ​ ​ ​ 4 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,140,840 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,184,992 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12% ​ ​
2031
​ ​ ​ ​ 5 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 361,759 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,832,662 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4% ​ ​
2032
​ ​ ​ ​ 3 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 597,990 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,029,417 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7% ​ ​
Thereafter ​ ​ ​ ​ 6 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,128,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6,065,442 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14% ​ ​
Total ​ ​ ​ ​ 79 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,468,093 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 90% ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 43,441,616 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
​
(1)
Expiring Square Feet includes square footage attributable to all leased space as of April 30, 2023.
​
(2)
Annualized base rent is calculated as the monthly base rent per the terms of the lease as of April 30, 2023, multiplied by 12, excluding the impact of any concessions.
​
Description of Properties
All rental metrics below reflect the annualized base rent, defined as monthly base rent per the terms of the lease as of April 30, 2023, multiplied by 12, excluding the impact of any concessions. Weighted average lease term metrics are as of April 30, 2023 and are calculated on the basis of occupied square footage of the Seed Portfolio.
Hazelwood Tradeport
On September 29, 2022, the NorthPoint Joint Venture acquired the Hazelwood Tradeport portfolio (“Hazelwood Tradeport”), an industrial park consisting of nine assets, as part of the Seed Portfolio for an allocated value of $380 million, exclusive of closing costs. The nine assets were constructed between 2018 and 2023, with the final asset (Hazelwood 7) delivered in February 2023. As of April 30, 2023, in-place rents at Hazelwood Tradeport were approximately $5.26 per square foot. As of April 30, 2023, Hazelwood Tradeport leases had a weighted average lease term of 7.1 years.
We believe Hazelwood Tradeport’s proximity to I-70 and the I-270 ring, two main highways in the St. Louis metro, provide logistics users excellent access to the local population base. Hazelwood’s central U.S. location also gives users good access to the approximately 71 million people within an 8-hour drive, reaching from Oklahoma City to Nashville up to Green Bay, WI. Major national tenants, such as Lowe’s, Ryder, and Post Consumer Brands (dba 8th Ave Foods), have chosen Hazelwood for operations.
Hazelwood Tradeport also benefits from excellent access to a strong warehouse worker labor pool. The local market warehouse worker labor pool is comprised of over 56,000 people (6% of the local population).
 
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We believe that tenants will continue to choose St. Louis and Hazelwood specifically for operations given its strategic central location and access to labor.
The Saint Louis market has a vacancy rate of approximately 4.4% and market rent in this market has increased approximately 8.1% year-over-year.
West Chester Trade Center
On September 29, 2022, the NorthPoint Joint Venture acquired the West Chester Trade Center portfolio (“West Chester Trade Center”), an industrial park consisting of nine assets as part of the Seed Portfolio for an allocated value of $240 million, exclusive of closing costs. The nine assets were constructed between 2019 and 2022. As of April 30, 2023, in-place rents at West Chester Trade Center were approximately $5.08 per square foot. As of April 30, 2023, West Chester Trade Center leases had a weighted average lease term of 5.3 years.
We believe West Chester Trade Center’s location offers industrial users convenient access to the Cincinnati region’s labor pool and population centers as well as last mile distribution capabilities to the region’s urban core and surrounding suburbs. West Chester Township is situated approximately 22 miles north of downtown Cincinnati, which is home to Fortune 500 companies Kroger, Proctor & Gamble and Johnson & Johnson. The property has proximate access to the area’s primary transportation demand drivers such as I-75, I-71, and the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International airport. Accessibility to the interstate allows industrial tenants to reach Columbus, OH, Indianapolis, IN, and Louisville, KY all within a 2-hour drive from the property. In total, tenants can service approximately 91 million people from the location within an 8-hour drive. These locational demand drivers have led to strong tenant demand and leasing activity in the submarket.
West Chester Township has been the beneficiary of a combination of white-collar population growth and the availability of blue-collar labor. The local market warehouse worker labor pool is comprised of over 51,000 people (7% of the local population). Despite the high concentration of warehouse labor, West Chester Township is a relatively affluent submarket of the Cincinnati MSA. The median household income of West Chester Township is $102,065, which outpaces the $70,818 median household income of the broader Cincinnati MSA.
Overall, the Adviser believes that West Chester Trade Center is well-positioned to continue to capitalize on the rental growth and tenant demand entering the submarket due to the industrial park’s location at the crux of executive housing, blue collar housing, available labor, and the region’s population growth.
The Cincinnati market has a vacancy rate of approximately 3.1% and market rent in this market has increased approximately 12.9% year-over-year.
Horizons Industrial
On September 29, 2022, the NorthPoint Joint Venture acquired the Horizons Industrial portfolio (“Horizons Industrial”), an industrial park consisting of ten assets as part of the Seed Portfolio for an allocated value of $255 million, exclusive of closing costs. The ten assets were constructed between 2012 and 2021. As of April 30, 2023, in-place rents at Horizons Industrial were approximately $5.29 per square foot. As of April 30, 2023, Horizons Industrial leases had a weighted average lease term of 4.1 years.
Horizons is an infill industrial park located in northern Kansas City. The location benefits from immediate access to the I-635 and K-9 highways which allows tenants to easily distribute products in both a last-mile and regional distribution capacity. The site can distribute to 2.4 million people within a 1-hour drive and can reach 52 million people within an 8-hour drive. Tenants are further drawn to the site as it benefits from a local market warehouse worker labor pool of over 61,000 people (7% of the local population) and offers convenient access to the metro’s more affordable housing options. We believe the project’s infill and well-connected location has led to consistent leasing velocity and tenant demand, and the Adviser believes that the lack of comparable raw land in the metro will continue to drive demand in the future.
The Kansas City market has a vacancy rate of approximately 3.6% and market rent in this market has increased approximately 5.2% year-over-year.
 
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Heartland 94
On September 29, 2022, the NorthPoint Joint Venture acquired Heartland 94 (“Heartland 94”), a single-tenant industrial warehouse, as part of the Seed Portfolio for an allocated value of $59 million, exclusive of closing costs. The warehouse was constructed in 2022 and is fully leased to a single tenant (Uline, Inc. or “Uline”). As of April 30, 2023, in-place rent at Heartland 94 was approximately $4.25 per square foot and the lease at Heartland 94 had a remaining term of 7.2 years.
Heartland 94 is a 757,281 square foot bulk warehouse asset in Kenosha, WI along I-94, bridging the Chicago and Milwaukee MSAs. Kenosha is situated approximately 34 miles from Milwaukee and 63 miles from Downtown Chicago. Heartland 94’s SE Wisconsin location gives users great access to reliable warehouse labor and 84 million people within a 10-hour drive, which is a major reason why Uline has called Pleasant Prairie/Kenosha home for 40 years. The local market warehouse worker labor pool is comprised of over 18,000 people (8% of the local population). More national tenants are relocating from existing locations in Illinois to call SE Wisconsin home due to rising property taxes and labor costs.
This heightened user interest is reflected in the Kenosha East submarket’s 4.6 million square feet of net absorption over the past 12 months. The Adviser believes Uline’s commitment to the area and long-term commitment to the asset, combined with strong user interest in the submarket make Heartland 94 an attractive asset well positioned for the long term.
Kenosha is part of the broader Chicago market. The Chicago market has a vacancy rate of approximately 3.8% and market rent in this market has increased approximately 8.6% year-over-year.
Description of Developer
NorthPoint developed the Seed Portfolio in partnership with Northwestern Mutual. NorthPoint was ranked the #1 industrial developer over the last five years by Real Capital Analytics by total square feet delivered as of July 2022. NorthPoint is also an existing strategic partner of the Adviser, as the two parties have closed on and started construction on approximately 12.1 million square feet of development in 12 markets across the United States in the last two years. The two parties’ portfolio, inclusive of existing square footage, square footage under development, and planned square footage, will total approximately 37.8 million square feet.
As of December 31, 2022, NorthPoint had an industrial portfolio of 147.4 million square feet, with an additional 47.5 million square feet under construction. NorthPoint leased approximately 29.3 million square feet in 2021, approximately 27.2 million square feet in 2022, and as of the end of February 2023 had leased approximately 1.1 million square feet year-to-date. Major tenants across NorthPoint’s portfolio include Amazon, Walmart, FedEx, Target, Chewy, Home Depot and Adidas.
Since inception, NorthPoint has raised approximately $6 billion in equity.
 
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MANAGEMENT
Board of Directors
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. Our board of directors has retained the Adviser to manage the acquisition and dispositions of our investments, subject to the board of directors’ supervision.
We have a five-member board. Our board of directors may change the number of directors, but not to fewer than three directors nor, unless we amend our bylaws, more than 15. Our charter provides that a majority of our directors must be independent directors, except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, removal or resignation of an independent director pending the election of a successor independent director. Our charter defines an independent director as a director who is not and has not for the last two years been associated, directly or indirectly, with BGO or the Adviser. Pursuant to our charter, a director is deemed to be associated with BGO or the Adviser if he or she owns any interest in, is employed by, is an officer or director of, or has any material business or professional relationship with BGO, the Adviser or any of their affiliates, performs services (other than as a director) for us, or serves as a director or trustee for more than three REITs sponsored by BGO or advised by the Adviser. A business or professional relationship will be deemed material per se if the gross income derived by the director from BGO, the Adviser or any of their affiliates exceeds 5% of (1) the director’s annual gross income derived from all sources during either of the last two years or (2) the director’s net worth on a fair market value basis. An indirect association is defined to include circumstances in which the director’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mothers- or fathers-in-law, sons- or daughters-in-law or brothers- or sisters-in-law is or has been associated with us, BGO, the Adviser or any of their affiliates. Our charter requires that a director have at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets that we intend to acquire. Our charter also requires that at all times at least one of our independent directors must have at least three years of relevant real estate experience. Our charter and bylaws will be ratified by our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors.
For so long as the Advisory Agreement is in effect, the Adviser has the right to designate for nomination, subject to the approval of such nomination by our board of directors, two directors to the slate of directors to be voted on by the stockholders at our annual meeting of stockholders; provided, however, that such designation right shall be suspended for such period of time as necessary so that a majority of directors are at all times independent directors. Our board of directors must also consult with the Adviser in connection with (i) its selection of each independent director for nomination to the slate of directors to be voted on at the annual meeting of stockholders, and (ii) filling any vacancies created by the removal, resignation, retirement or death of any director.
Each director will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Although the number of directors may be increased or decreased, a decrease may not shorten the term of any incumbent director. Any director may resign at any time or may be removed with or without cause by the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. The notice of a special meeting called to remove a director must indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director will be removed. A vacancy on our board of directors may be filled only by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors, or in the case of election of an independent director, after nomination by a majority of the remaining independent directors (if any remaining directors are independent directors). Any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred.
Our board of directors will generally meet quarterly or more frequently if necessary, in addition to meetings of any committees of the board of directors described below. Our directors are not required to devote all of their time to our business and are only required to devote the time to our business as their duties may require. Consequently, in the exercise of their fiduciary responsibilities, our directors will rely heavily on the Adviser and on information provided by the Adviser. Our directors have a fiduciary duty to our stockholders to supervise the relationship between us and the Adviser. Our board of directors is empowered to fix the compensation of all officers and approve the payment of compensation to directors for services rendered to us.
 
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Our board of directors has adopted written policies on investments and borrowings, the general terms of which are set forth in this prospectus. The board of directors may revise these policies or establish further written policies on investments and borrowings and will monitor our administrative procedures, investment operations and performance to ensure that the policies are fulfilled and are in the best interests of our stockholders. Our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, will review our investment policies with sufficient frequency, and at least annually, to determine that they are in the best interest of our stockholders.
Directors and Executive Officers
Our directors and executive officers are set forth below.
Name
​ ​
Age
​ ​
Position
​
John Carrafiell
​ ​
58
​ ​ Chairman of the Board ​
Michael Glimcher
​ ​
55
​ ​ President, Chief Executive Officer and Director ​
Lori Biancamano
​ ​
50
​ ​ Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer ​
Matthew Gorman
​ ​
36
​ ​ Chief Investment Officer ​
Matthew Campbell
​ ​
51
​ ​ Secretary ​
Edgar Alvarado
​ ​
65
​ ​ Independent Director ​
Timothy Callahan
​ ​
72
​ ​ Independent Director ​
Lizanne Galbreath
​ ​
65
​ ​ Independent Director ​
John Carrafiell has served as Chairman of the Board since March 2023. Mr. Carrafiell also has served as the Co-Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of BGO, a global investment management firm with over $83 billion in assets under management and 28 cities in 14 countries, since July 2021. John was a co-Founder of GreenOak Real Estate in May 2010 and together with the team built the business organically to $12 billion of assets under management in 10 countries with over 100 employees prior to its 2019 merger with Bentall Kennedy (owned by Canada headquartered leading financial institution, Sun Life Financial Inc.). John and his co-Founder (along with their other Partners and senior colleagues) own 49% of BGO; with Sun Life Financial Inc. owning the balance. Based in BGO’s Miami, Florida office, John has joint oversight responsibility for BGO’s global business and is a senior member of the firm’s Investment Committees globally since GreenOak’s formation.
John has been a member of the board and audit committee of publicly-traded Klepierre, one of Europe’s largest REITs, since January 2015 and has served as the Chairman of the audit committee since July 2018. He has served as a member of the board of privately-held Lineage since March 2021, the world’s largest global temperature-controlled logistics company. He has also served on the board of Bulk Infrastructure since December 2020, the leading Nordic Green Energy Data Center Company. BGO owns significant minority stakes in both companies. From June 2004 to March 2009, John was a member of the board and Chairman of both the audit committee and the operating committee of Canary Wharf, the leading developer and owner of the London District, where John led the $10 billion take private of the company and oversaw the successful investment through the GFC. From December 2011 to February 2019, John advised the New York State Common Retirement Fund (“NYSCRF”) in its largest international investment in Shurgard, the leading European Self Storage Company, and served as NYSCRF’s Board representative from October 2018 to February 2020.
John is a former Trustee of the Urban Land Institute (ULI) and a member of its Finance and Endowment Committee. He is a former Executive Member of the Board of the European Public Real Estate Association (EPRA, equivalent to NAREIT). John was previously a member of the Board of numerous publicly-traded European companies including Holland-based Corio, Germany-based DIC, as well as numerous privately-held companies, including Spain-based Grupo LAR. John joined Morgan Stanley in 1987 and was based in Europe from September 1989 to December 2009, as Head of European Real Estate from January 1995, and Global Head of Real Estate and a member of the Investment Bank’s six person Global Operating Management Committee from December 2005 to March 2007. John currently serves as co-Chairman of both the Yale University School of Architecture Dean’s Council and the
 
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Chelsea & Westminster Hospital’s Development Board. He is a member of the Board of Overseers of the University of Pennsylvania’s School of Design & Architecture. John graduated from Yale with a B.A. in Philosophy in 1987.
Mr. Carrafiell is a valuable member of our board of directors because of his extensive real estate, investment and public company experience.
Michael Glimcher has served as our President and Chief Executive Officer and a member of our board of directors since September 2022. He also has served as Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer, Retail Strategies at BGO since June 2022. From November 2020 to March 2022, he previously served as Donahue Schriber’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer until the company was sold in March 2022. Mr. Glimcher also served as Chief Executive Officer of Starwood Retail Partners, working with its parent company, Starwood Capital Group, from September 2017 until October 2020. Mr. Glimcher began his career in the real estate industry nearly 30 years ago at Glimcher Realty Trust, where he ultimately served as Chief Executive Officer from 2005 to 2015 and as Chairman from 2007 to 2015. At Glimcher Realty Trust, he successfully repositioned the portfolio from strip center/small market malls to a highly productive portfolio of larger market and outlet malls as well as open air and lifestyle centers. During his tenure, Mr. Glimcher developed Scottsdale Quarter and pioneered experiential retail as demonstrated at this premier mixed-use development in North Scottsdale. In 2015, Glimcher Realty Trust merged with Washington Prime Group to create WP Glimcher where Mr. Glimcher served as Chief Executive Officer and Vice Chairman until June 2016. Mr. Glimcher has served on the Executive Board of Governors and the Governing Committee of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, and is a former Trustee of the International Council of Shopping Centers and a former member of the Real Estate Roundtable. He was a 2013 Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year and named a Midwest Real Estate Icon by Real Estate Forum Magazine. Mr. Glimcher also has served as board member of M/I Homes, a publicly traded builder of single family homes (NYSE: MHO), since January 2013. Mr. Glimcher holds a B.S. degree from Arizona State University.
Mr. Glimcher is a valuable member of our board of directors because of his extensive real estate, investment and corporate governance experience.
Lori Biancamano has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since February 2023. Ms. Biancamano also serves as a Managing Partner and Head of New Product Development for BGO and is responsible for set-up, creation, formation and standardization of all new strategic funds, products and companies for BGO globally, as well as assisting with strategic matters across the BGO platform. Ms. Biancamano served as the Chief Financial Officer at GreenOak, a predecessor firm to BGO, since its inception in 2010 overseeing global finance in Asia, US and Europe. GreenOak merged with Bentall Kennedy to become BGO in 2019. Prior to joining the company, Ms. Biancamano was an Executive Director at Morgan Stanley in the real estate division responsible for investor, financial and management reporting on a global basis, as well as the strategic technology platform for the global Morgan Stanley Real Estate Funds. Prior to joining Morgan Stanley, Ms. Biancamano was a Vice President in the real estate tax group of Goldman Sachs focusing on investor and fund tax reporting and structuring for the Whitehall Funds and as a tax consultant at Ernst & Young. Lori is a graduate of Holy Cross College with a degree in economics and accounting and holds an MBA from the University of Connecticut.
Matthew Gorman has served as our Chief Investment Officer since September 2022. Mr. Gorman also serves as a Managing Director for BGO and is based in Los Angeles, previously spending time in the Advisor’s New York office. Since joining BGO in September 2011, Mr. Gorman has played an integral role in growing the firm’s global assets under management from $0 to over $10 billion, prior to a merger with Bentall Kennedy in July 2019. Mr. Gorman has been actively involved in all facets of the business including fund formation and strategy, acquisition of over $5 billion in assets and asset management of BGO’s investments across all major asset classes and regions throughout the United States. Prior to joining BGO, Mr. Gorman worked in investment banking within the real estate investment banking group at Barclays Capital, where he focused primarily on corporate M&A and public capital raising assignments. Mr. Gorman received a Bachelor of Science degree with Highest Distinction in Finance from Indiana University’s Kelley School of Business in 2010.
 
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Matthew Campbell has served as our Secretary since March 2023. Mr. Campbell is General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Risk Officer for BGO, and has been with BGO and Bentall Kennedy, a predecessor to BGO, since 2013. In these roles, he advises on all global legal and regulatory matters impacting BGO’s business. From July 2019 to September 2020, he was Co-General Counsel, Chief Compliance Officer and Chief Risk Officer for BGO. Prior to that, he held various roles with Bentall Kennedy, including Canadian General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer from June 2016 to July 2019. Mr. Campbell was Chief Legal Counsel and Compliance Officer of IA Clarington Investments Inc. from December 2009 until he joined Bentall Kennedy in 2013. From April 2005 until 2009, Mr. Campbell was Chief Legal Counsel of IA Clarington Investments Inc. and General Counsel of its predecessor, Clarington Corporation. IA Clarington is a mutual fund manager and as general counsel Mr. Campbell oversaw all legal aspects of its business. Mr. Campbell articled and practiced as a lawyer at Borden Ladner Gervais LLP from 1998 to 2005. He holds a B.A. from McGill University and a L.L.B. from the University of Toronto.
Edgar Alvarado has served as an Independent Director since March 2023. Mr. Alvarado has 35 years of corporate experience with large financial institutions and extensive experience in creative strategy development, investment trending, organizational design, relationship management and tactical execution of complex investment programs. Between 1993 and 2016, Mr. Alvarado has held progressively responsible positions at Allstate Investments and was responsible for all real estate equity investment for Allstate on a global basis as well as being part of the Senior Management team that had overall responsibility for Allstate’s $90 billion investment portfolio. Mr. Alvarado established TAS Investments, LLC as his family office to invest across all public equity and fixed income sectors. Mr. Alvarado has also served as a Senior Advisor to Oderoche (2018-2021), a capital raising and capital structuring firm based in New York, Sundial Park Group (2018-2020), a real estate advisory and consulting firm based in Denver, Co, and Aldea Capital Partners (2016-2020), a private equity firm based in Los Angeles. Mr. Alvarado has also served on the Pension Real Estate Association Board of Directors as Chair of the Institutional Investors Council from 2014 to 2016, served on the Board of Advisors of the University of Wisconsin-Graaskamp Center for Real Estate from 2014 to 2016 and was a member of the Editorial Board of The Institutional Real Estate Letter from 2010 to 2016. Mr. Alvarado has his MBA from Northwestern University’s Kellogg Graduate School of Management; a Bachelor of Science in Finance from the University of Illinois; his RPA designation in commercial real estate and has completed leadership coursework at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University.
Mr. Alvarado is a valuable member of our board of directors because of his extensive experience in the real estate industry.
Timothy Callahan has served as an Independent Director since March 2023. Mr. Callahan is the Chief Executive Officer of Callahan Capital Partners (“CCP”). Prior to founding CCP’s predecessor company in 2006, Mr. Callahan served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Trizec Properties, Inc. (NYSE: TRZ), a 40 million square foot, publicly traded national office REIT. Upon joining Trizec in 2002, Mr. Callahan led a significant portfolio repositioning strategy that culminated in its sale to Brookfield Properties and Blackstone. Previously, Mr. Callahan served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Equity Office Properties Trust (NYSE: EOP). Under Mr. Callahan’s leadership, beginning in 1996, EOP grew from 32 million square feet to approximately 125 million square feet, transforming EOP into the largest public U.S. office REIT. He also served in various executive level positions, including CFO, at Equity Group Investments (EGI), Sam Zell’s holding company, where he coordinated all real estate and corporate financing and capital markets activities. Earlier in his career, Mr. Callahan held the positions of Northeast Director of Development for The Edward J. DeBartolo Corporation and as Senior Vice President at Chemical Realty Corporation, a division of Chemical Bank where he had responsibilities over real estate lending and investment banking. A long-time member of the Real Estate Roundtable and a founding Board member of the UCLA Ziman Center for Real Estate, he received a B.A. in pre-professional studies from the University of Notre Dame and attended the New York University School of Business.
Mr. Callahan is a valuable member of our board of directors because of his extensive experience in the real estate industry.
Lizanne Galbreath has served as an Independent Director since March 2023. Ms. Galbreath has served as the Managing Partner of Galbreath & Company, a real estate investment firm, since 1999. From April 1997 to 1999, she was Managing Director of LaSalle Partners/Jones Lang LaSalle (NYSE: JLL), a real estate
 
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services and investment management firm, where she also served as a director. From 1984 to 1997, Ms. Galbreath served in a variety of leadership positions including as Managing Director, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of The Galbreath Company, the predecessor of Galbreath & Company. She currently serves on the boards of Marriott Vacations Worldwide, Rare, The Nature Conservancy’s Montana state chapter, and the Urban Land Institute. Ms. Galbreath formerly served on the boards of Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (NYSE: HOT), Paramount Group, Inc, ILG, Inc. (2014-2020) (until its merger with Marriott Vacations Worldwide), the Fairfield County Community Foundation where she chaired the board, Grosvenor, North America (The Duke of Westminster’s North American real estate investment company), Stew Leonard’s (a regional food and wine company in third generation of ownership) and was the past chair of The Wharton School’s Real Estate Advisory Board. Ms. Galbreath received an MBA from The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania and a Bachelor of Arts from Dartmouth College.
Ms. Galbreath is a valuable member of our board of directors because of her extensive experience in the real estate industry.
Although most of the services provided to us by the individuals who are executive officers are in their respective roles as executive officers of the Adviser, they have certain duties as executive officers of our company arising from Maryland law, our charter and our bylaws. These duties include executing contracts and other instruments in our name and on our behalf and such other duties as may be prescribed by our board of directors from time to time.
Our executive officers will act as our agents, execute contracts and other instruments in our name and on our behalf, and in general perform all duties incident to their offices and such other duties as may be prescribed by our board of directors from time to time. Our officers will devote such portion of their time to our affairs as is required for the performance of their duties, but they are not required to devote all of their time to us.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our entire board of directors is responsible for supervising our business. However, pursuant to our charter, our board of directors may delegate some of its powers to one or more committees as deemed appropriate by the board of directors, provided that each committee consists of at least a majority of independent directors.
Audit Committee.   Our board of directors has established an audit committee, and appointed Messrs. Alvarado and Callahan and Ms. Galbreath to serve thereon. Mr. Alvarado serves as the chairperson of the audit committee and qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as that term is defined by the SEC. The SEC has determined that the audit committee financial expert designation does not impose on a person with that designation any duties, obligations or liability that are greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the audit committee of the board of directors in the absence of such designation. The audit committee assists the board of directors in overseeing:
•
our accounting and financial reporting processes,
​
•
the integrity and audits of our financial statements,
​
•
our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements,
​
•
the qualifications and independence of our independent auditors and
​
•
the performance of our internal and independent auditors.
​
In addition, the audit committee selects the independent auditors to audit our annual financial statements and reviews with the independent auditors the plans and results of the audit engagement. The audit committee also approves the audit and non-audit services provided by the independent public accountants and the fees we pay for these services.
The audit committee has adopted procedures for the processing of complaints relating to accounting, internal control and auditing matters. The audit committee oversees the review and handling of any complaints submitted pursuant to the forgoing procedures and of any whistleblower complaints subject to Section 21F of the Exchange Act.
 
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Corporate Governance
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.   We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all of our directors, officers and employees (if any), and to all of the officers and employees of the Adviser, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, as it relates to those also covered by BGO’s code of conduct, operates in conjunction with, and in addition to, BGO’s code of conduct. Our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics is designed to comply with SEC regulations relating to codes of conduct and ethics.
Corporate Governance Guidelines.   We have also adopted corporate governance guidelines to advance the functioning of our board of directors and its committees and to set forth our board of directors’ expectations as to how it and they should perform its and their respective functions.
Compensation of Directors
Prior to this offering, the members of our board received no compensation for their service as directors. Following the commencement of this offering through the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, we will compensate each of our non-employee directors who are not affiliated with the Adviser or BGO with an initial grant of 15,000 restricted stock units, plus an additional 1,000 restricted stock units to the chairperson of the audit committee. The restricted stock units will vest one year from the date of grant and will be settled and paid in Class E shares, at the non-employee director’s election, on the vesting date or on the earlier of a set date in the future or upon the director’s separation from our board of directors. Following the 2024 annual meeting of stockholders, we intend to compensate each of our non-employee directors who are not affiliated with the Adviser or BGO with an annual retainer of $150,000, plus an additional retainer of $10,000 to the chairperson of our audit committee. We intend to pay in quarterly installments 50% of this compensation in cash or Class E shares based on the most recent prior month’s NAV, or a combination thereof, at the election of the director, and the remaining 50% in an annual grant of restricted stock based on the most recent prior month’s NAV. The restricted stock will generally vest one year from the date of grant. We do not intend to pay our directors additional fees for attending board meetings, but we intend to reimburse each of our directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in attending board and committee meetings (including, but not limited to, airfare, hotel and food). Our directors who are affiliated with the Adviser or BGO will not receive additional compensation for serving on the board of directors or committees thereof.
Independent Director Stock Ownership Policy
Our board of directors adopted a stock ownership policy for our independent directors in order to align our independent directors’ financial interests with those of our stockholders by requiring such directors to own a minimum level of our stock. Each of our independent directors is required to own shares of our common stock and/or restricted stock units in an amount equal to 2.5 times his or her annual cash retainer within five years of becoming subject to the policy.
Executive Compensation
We are externally managed and currently have no employees. Our executive officers serve as officers of the Adviser and are employees of the Adviser or one or more of its affiliates. The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser is responsible for managing our investment activities, as such our executive officers do not receive any cash compensation from us or any of our subsidiaries for serving as our executive officers but, instead, receive compensation from the Adviser. In addition, we do not reimburse the Adviser for compensation it pays to our executive officers. The Advisory Agreement does not require our executive officers to dedicate a specific amount of time to fulfilling the Adviser’s obligations to us under the Advisory Agreement. Accordingly, the Adviser has informed us that it cannot identify the portion of the compensation it awards to our executive officers that relates solely to such executives’ services to us, as the Adviser does not compensate its employees specifically for such services. Furthermore, we do not have employment agreements with our executive officers, we do not provide pension or retirement benefits, perquisites or other personal benefits to our executive officers, our executive officers have not received any nonqualified
 
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deferred compensation and we do not have arrangements to make payments to our executive officers upon their termination or in the event of a change in control of us.
Although we do not pay our executive officers any cash compensation, we pay the Adviser the fees described under the heading “— The Advisory Agreement.”
The Adviser and BGO
We are externally managed by our adviser, BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership. The Adviser is an affiliate of BGO, our sponsor.
BGO is a leading, global real estate investment management advisor and a recognized provider of real estate services, with a long-standing track record in the investment and asset management of industrial, office, retail and multi-family property globally. The Adviser provides investment management services to more than 750 institutional investors with approximately $83 billion of assets under management, as of December 31, 2022. BGO has offices in 28 cities across 14 countries, which BGO believes provides access to deep local knowledge, experience, and extensive networks in the regions where the Adviser invests and manages real estate. See “Investment Objectives and Strategies — Potential Competitive Strengths.”
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser has contractual and fiduciary responsibilities to us and our stockholders and is responsible for sourcing, evaluating and monitoring our investment opportunities and making decisions related to the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of our assets, in accordance with our investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by our board of directors. We or the Adviser may retain other service providers in connection with our operations, including, without limitation, administration, legal and accounting support. The Adviser will leverage the global resources of BGO to achieve our investment goals and objectives.
All potential acquisitions of real estate are reviewed and approved by the Investment Committee. The high level of interaction between the Investment Committee and investment professionals from the inception of a transaction to closing helps identify potential issues early and enables the team to more effectively streamline resources and workflows. The Investment Committee process emphasizes a consensus-based approach to decision making among the members. The current members of the Investment Committee are as follows:
Name
​ ​
Position
​
John Carrafiell ​ ​ Co-Chief Executive Officer of BGO ​
Sonny Kalsi ​ ​ Co-Chief Executive Officer of BGO ​
Christopher Niehaus ​ ​ Managing Partner and Head of U.S. Business of BGO ​
Amy Price ​ ​ President of BGO ​
Andrew Yoon ​ ​ Managing Partner and Chief Operating Officer of BGO ​
Michael Glimcher ​ ​ Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Retail Strategies of BGO ​
Matthew Gorman ​ ​ Managing Director of BGO ​
For information concerning the background of Messrs. Carrafiell, Glimcher and Gorman, see “— Directors and Executive Officers” above. Information concerning the background of the remainder of the individuals named in the chart above is set forth below.
Sonny Kalsi serves as the Co-Chief Executive Officer of BGO and is based in Miami, Florida. Mr. Kalsi previously was a Founder of GreenOak Real Estate from 2010 and together with the team built the business organically to $12 billion of assets under management in 10 countries with over 100 employees. Before GreenOak, Mr. Kalsi was Global Co-Head of Morgan Stanley’s Real Estate Investing business and President of the Morgan Stanley Real Estate Funds until 2009. At its peak, the platform had approximately $100 billion of assets under management in 33 countries. During his 18-year career at Morgan Stanley, Mr. Kalsi spent almost 10 years in Asia and has lived and worked in six different locations around the world. He has been cited by Private Equity Real Estate magazine as one of the “30 Most Influential” people in private equity real estate globally. Mr. Kalsi is on the board of several charitable organizations including Teaching Matters, Room to Read, SparkYouth NYC, Asia Society, and the Hirshhorn Museum. He is a
 
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Trustee of the Spence School, board member of Oberoi Realty, and Georgetown University. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University in the Master of Real Estate Program. Mr. Kalsi is a graduate of Georgetown University.
Christopher Niehaus serves as a Managing Partner and Head of the U.S. business for BGO and is based in New York City. Mr. Niehaus is a member of the Global Management Committee and is a member of the various BGO U.S., Canada, Europe, and Asia Investment committees. Mr. Niehaus previously was a partner and Head of the US at GreenOak Real Estate, a predecessor firm to BGO. Before GreenOak, Mr. Niehaus spent 28 years at Morgan Stanley where he helped build and run one of the leading global real estate banking, lending, and investing businesses. He became co-head of global real estate investment banking in 1994 and vice chairman of investment banking in 2006. He served as the portfolio manager for Morgan Stanley Real Estate Fund VI International from 2009 to 2010 and led the restructuring and stabilization of that fund, which had over $33 billion of assets across 71 investments in over 20 countries. Mr. Niehaus was an Investment Committee member for the Morgan Stanley Real Estate and Special Situations Funds from 1994 until he left in 2010. He served as lead director or board member of a number of Morgan Stanley Real Estate Investing investment companies. Mr. Niehaus serves as non-Executive Chairman of WP Carey, Inc., an approximately $25 billion enterprise value NYSE REIT. He has been a trustee and member of the executive committee of the International Council of Shopping Centers since 1995 and a full member of the Urban Land Institute for over 30 years. Mr. Niehaus has chaired the board of Student Sponsor Partners (“SSP”) for the past 8 years. SSP addresses the education inequities in New York City by providing underserved students access to a quality high school education by providing financial support and one-to-one mentoring throughout all four years of their high school career. Mr. Niehaus is a summa cum laude graduate of Dartmouth College, where he chaired the Real Estate Advisory Council for over 15 years and serves on the Presidential Leadership Council for the past 10 years. He received his MBA from Harvard Business School in 1985.
Amy Price serves as President of BGO. In her role, Amy oversees BGO’s U.S. and Canadian businesses, and works closely with BGO’s Capital Raising team. Amy is a member of the Global Executive Team, the Management Committee, and the U.S. Investment Committees. Amy also leads BGO’s equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) initiatives globally and chairs the firm’s EDI Leadership Council. Prior to joining the firm in 2012, Amy was a managing director and head of real estate investing for the western U.S. at Morgan Stanley, where she was an Investment Committee member, and built the real estate investment management business in San Francisco. Amy also spent time in Morgan Stanley’s New York and Hong Kong offices. Amy is a member of the Global Board of Directors of Urban Land Institute (ULI), and a member of the Executive Committee and Board of Directors of AFIRE. She is also involved in philanthropic endeavors, as a member of the Board of Directors of the YMCA of San Francisco, the National Charity League with her daughter, and Service Corp with her son. Amy holds an MBA with distinction from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School and graduated magna cum laude from Colgate University.
Andrew Yoon serves as a Managing Partner and the Chief Operating Officer at BGO responsible for day-to-day operations of the global business. In this role, Mr. Yoon leads a team of executives responsible for the BGO’s human resources, information technology, new products and innovation, M&A and change management activity, PR & communications, marketing, and corporate philanthropy. Mr. Yoon is a member of BGO’s management committee and investment committees for various BGO managed funds. Mr. Yoon was a Partner and served as Chief Operating Officer at GreenOak Real Estate, a predecessor firm to BGO, since its inception in 2010. Prior to joining GreenOak, he was a managing director, chief operating officer, and chief financial officer for Morgan Stanley Real Estate Investing in Asia. Mr. Yoon was responsible for capital markets and strategic business growth during his tenure in Asia from 2001 through 2010. Prior to Morgan Stanley, Mr. Yoon worked as an investment banker in leveraged finance at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette/Credit Suisse. Mr. Yoon holds a bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Los Angeles and an MBA from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School.
The Advisory Agreement
Our board of directors will at all times have ultimate oversight and policy-making authority, including responsibility for governance, financial controls, compliance and disclosure with respect to our company and the Operating Partnership. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, our board of directors has delegated
 
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to the Adviser the authority to source, evaluate and monitor our investment opportunities and make decisions related to the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of our assets, in accordance with our investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by our board of directors. We believe that the Adviser currently has sufficient staff and resources so as to be capable of fulfilling the duties set forth in the Advisory Agreement.
Services
Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is responsible for, among other things:
•
serving as an advisor to us and the Operating Partnership with respect to the establishment and periodic review of our investment guidelines and our and the Operating Partnership’s investments, financing activities and operations;
​
•
sourcing, evaluating and monitoring our and the Operating Partnership’s investment opportunities and executing the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of our and the Operating Partnership’s assets, in accordance with our investment guidelines, policies and objectives and limitations, subject to oversight by our board of directors;
​
•
with respect to prospective acquisitions, purchases, sales, exchanges or other dispositions of investments, conducting negotiations on our and the Operating Partnership’s behalf with sellers, purchasers, and other counterparties and, if applicable, their respective agents, advisors and representatives, and determining the structure and terms of such transactions;
​
•
providing us with portfolio management and other related services;
​
•
serving as our advisor with respect to decisions regarding any of our financings, hedging activities or borrowings; and
​
•
engaging and supervising, on our and the Operating Partnership’s behalf and at our and the Operating Partnership’s expense, various service providers.
​
The above summary is provided to illustrate the material functions which the Adviser will perform for us and it is not intended to include all of the services which may be provided to us by the Adviser or third parties.
Term and Termination Rights
The term of the Advisory Agreement is for one year from the commencement of this offering, subject to renewals by our board of directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods. Our independent directors will evaluate the performance of the Adviser before renewing the Advisory Agreement. The Advisory Agreement may be terminated:
•
immediately by us (1) for “cause,” ​(2) upon the bankruptcy of the Adviser or (3) upon a material breach of the Advisory Agreement by the Adviser;
​
•
upon 60 days’ written notice by us without cause or penalty upon the vote of a majority of our independent directors; or
​
•
upon 60 days’ written notice by the Adviser.
​
“Cause” is defined in the Advisory Agreement to mean fraud, criminal conduct, willful misconduct or willful or negligent breach of fiduciary duty by the Adviser under the Advisory Agreement.
In the event the Advisory Agreement is terminated, the Adviser will be entitled to receive its prorated management fee through the date of termination. In addition, upon the termination or expiration of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser will cooperate with us and take all reasonable steps requested to assist our board of directors in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.
Management Fee, Performance Participation and Expense Reimbursements
Management Fee.   As compensation for its services provided pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, we will pay the Adviser a management fee of 1.25% of NAV for the Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares
 
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and Class I shares per annum payable monthly. Additionally, to the extent that the Operating Partnership issues Operating Partnership units to parties other than us, the Operating Partnership will pay the Adviser a management fee equal to 1.25% of the NAV of the Operating Partnership attributable to such Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I Operating Partnership units not held by us per annum payable monthly. In calculating our management fee, we will use our NAV before giving effect to accruals for the management fee, performance participation allocation, stockholder servicing fees or distributions payable on our shares. We do not pay the Adviser a management fee with respect to the Class E shares or Class E units and as a result, it is a class-specific expense.
The management fee may be paid, at the Adviser’s election, in cash, Class I shares, Class E shares, Class I units or Class E units. The Adviser’s ability to elect to receive shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units serves as a benefit to our Company for cash management purposes and further align the Adviser’s interests with our stockholders. Any requests by the Adviser for repurchase of its shares or units will be consistent with the Adviser’s fiduciary duties to us and our stockholders.
Performance Participation.   So long as the Advisory Agreement has not been terminated, the Special Limited Partner will hold a performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership that entitles it to receive an allocation from the Operating Partnership equal to 12.5% of the Total Return, subject to a 5% Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark, with a Catch-Up (each term as defined under “Summary of our Operating Partnership Agreement — Special Limited Partner Interest”). Such allocation will be measured on a calendar year basis, made quarterly and accrued monthly. The performance participation interest is not paid on the Class E units, and as a result, it is a class-specific expense.
Expense Reimbursement.   Under the Advisory Agreement, and subject to the limitations described below under “— Reimbursement by the Adviser,” the Adviser is entitled to reimbursement of all costs and expenses incurred by it or its affiliates on our behalf, provided that the Adviser is responsible for the expenses related to any and all personnel of the Adviser who provide investment advisory services to us pursuant to the Advisory Agreement (including, without limitation, each of our executive officers and any directors who are also directors, officers or employees of the Adviser or any of its affiliates), including, without limitation, salaries, bonus and other wages, payroll taxes and the cost of employee benefit plans of such personnel, and costs of insurance with respect to such personnel. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, costs eligible for reimbursement include for out-of-pocket costs and expenses the Adviser incurs in connection with the services it provides to us related to (1) legal, accounting, printing, mailing and subscription processing fees and other expenses attributable to our organization, preparation of the registration statement, registration and qualification of our common stock for sale with the SEC and in the various states and filing fees incurred by the Adviser (as described further below), (2) the actual cost of goods and services used by us and obtained from third parties, or certain affiliates of the Adviser (subject to approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors) including fees paid to administrators, consultants, attorneys, technology providers and other services providers, and brokerage fees paid in connection with the purchase and sale of investments and securities, (3) expenses of managing and operating our properties, whether payable to an affiliate or a non-affiliated person, and (4) out-of-pocket expenses in connection with the selection and acquisition of properties and real estate-related assets, whether or not such investments are acquired. Such out-of-pocket costs and expenses will include expenses relating to compliance-related matters and regulatory filings relating to our activities (including, without limitation, expenses relating to the preparation and filing of Form ADV, reports to be filed with the CFTC, reports, disclosures, and/or other regulatory filings of the Adviser and its affiliates relating to our activities (including our pro rata share of the costs of the Adviser and its affiliates of regulatory expenses that relate to us and Other BGO Accounts)).
We reimburse the Adviser for any organization and offering expenses associated with this offering that it incurs on our behalf (including legal, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses of participating broker-dealers supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of our escrow agent and transfer agent, and expense reimbursements for actual costs incurred by employees of the Dealer Manager in the performance of wholesaling activities, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and the stockholder servicing fee) as and when incurred. The Adviser currently pays wholesaling compensation expenses and certain related expenses of persons
 
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associated with the Dealer Manager without reimbursement from us. After the termination of the primary offering and again after termination of the offering under our distribution reinvestment plan, the Adviser has agreed to reimburse us to the extent that the organization and offering expenses that we incur exceed 15% of our gross proceeds from the applicable offering.
The Adviser will advance our organization and offering expenses on our behalf through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. We will reimburse the Adviser for all such advanced expenses ratably in 60 equal monthly installments following the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. After the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering, we will reimburse the Adviser for any organization and offering expenses that it incurs on our behalf as and when incurred.
Reimbursement by the Adviser.   Commencing with the first four fiscal quarters after the commencement of this offering, the Adviser will reimburse us for any expenses that cause our Total Operating Expenses in any four consecutive fiscal quarters to exceed the greater of: (1) 2% of our Average Invested Assets and (2) 25% of our Net Income.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent that our Total Operating Expenses exceed these limits and the independent directors determine that the excess expenses were justified based on unusual and nonrecurring factors that they deem sufficient, the Adviser would not be required to reimburse us. Within 60 days after the end of any fiscal quarter for which our Total Operating Expenses for the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended exceed these limits and our independent directors approve such excess amount, we will send our stockholders a written disclosure of such fact, or will include such information in our next quarterly report on Form 10-Q or in a current report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC, together with an explanation of the factors our independent directors considered in arriving at the conclusion that such excess expenses were justified. In addition, our independent directors will review at least annually the total fees and expense reimbursements for operating expenses paid to the Adviser and the Special Limited Partner to determine if they are reasonable in light of our performance, our net assets and our net income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs. Each such determination will be recorded in the minutes of a meeting of the independent directors.
Independent Directors’ Review of Compensation.   Our independent directors will evaluate at least annually whether the compensation that we contract to pay to the Adviser is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and that such compensation is within the limits prescribed by our charter. Our independent directors will supervise the performance of the Adviser and the compensation we pay to it to determine that the provisions of the Advisory Agreement are being carried out. This evaluation will be based on the factors set forth below, as well as any other factors deemed relevant by the independent directors:
•
the amount of fees paid to the Adviser in relation to the size, composition and performance of our investments;
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•
the success of the Adviser in generating investments that meet our investment objectives;
​
•
rates charged to other externally advised REITs and other similar investment entities by advisors performing similar services;
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•
additional revenues realized by the Adviser and its affiliates through their advisory relationship with us (including the performance participation allocation paid to the Special Limited Partner);
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•
the quality and extent of the services and advice furnished by the Adviser;
​
•
the performance of the assets, including income, conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem investments and competence in dealing with distress situations; and
​
•
the quality of our portfolio in relationship to the investments generated by the Adviser for its own account.
​
In addition to the management fee, performance participation and expense reimbursements, we have agreed to indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser and its affiliates performing services for us from specific claims and liabilities arising out of the performance of their obligations under the Advisory Agreement,
 
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subject to certain limitations. See “— Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, the Adviser and Other Agents” below.
Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, the Adviser and Other Agents
Our organizational documents generally limit the personal liability of our stockholders, directors and officers for monetary damages and require us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, officers and the Adviser and any of its affiliates acting as our agents subject to the limitations of the NASAA REIT Guidelines and Maryland law. Maryland law permits a corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL allows directors and officers to be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with a proceeding unless the following can be established:
•
an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding, and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;
​
•
the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or
​
•
with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her act or omission was unlawful.
​
A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by the corporation or in its right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses. The MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
In addition to the above limitations of the MGCL, our charter provides that our directors, the Adviser and its affiliates may be indemnified for losses or liability suffered by them or held harmless for losses or liability suffered by us only if all of the following conditions are met:
•
the indemnitee determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in our best interest;
​
•
the indemnitee was acting on our behalf or performing services for us;
​
•
in the case of affiliated directors, the Adviser or its affiliates, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the party seeking indemnification; and
​
•
in the case of our independent directors, the liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the party seeking indemnification.
​
In addition, any indemnification or any agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from our stockholders.
Our charter also provides that we may not provide indemnification to a director, the Adviser or any affiliate of the Adviser and any persons acting as a broker-dealer for any loss, liability or expense arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
 
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•
there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the party seeking indemnification;
​
•
such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to such party; or
​
•
a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against such party and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which our securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
​
Finally, our charter provides that we may pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by our directors, the Adviser and its affiliates in advance of final disposition of a proceeding only if all of the following are satisfied:
•
the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on our behalf;
​
•
the indemnitee provides us with written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification;
​
•
the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or, if by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement; and
​
•
the indemnitee provides us with a written agreement to repay the amount paid or reimbursed, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that he or she did not comply with the requisite standard of conduct and is not entitled to indemnification.
​
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Pursuant to the terms of these indemnification agreements, we would indemnify and advance expenses and costs incurred by our directors and executive officers in connection with any claims, suits or proceedings brought against such directors and executive officers as a result of his or her service. However, our indemnification obligation is subject to the limitations set forth in the indemnification agreements and in our charter. We also maintain a directors and officers insurance policy.
The general effect to investors of any arrangement under which any of our controlling persons, directors or officers are insured or indemnified against liability is a potential reduction in distributions resulting from our payment of premiums, deductibles and other costs associated with such insurance or, to the extent any such loss is not covered by insurance, our payment of indemnified losses. In addition, indemnification could reduce the legal remedies available to us and our stockholders against the indemnified individuals; however, this provision does not reduce the exposure of our directors and officers to liability under federal or state securities laws, nor does it limit our stockholder’s ability to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a violation of a director’s or an officer’s duties to us or our stockholders, although the equitable remedies may not be an effective remedy in some circumstances.
The SEC and certain state securities regulators take the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act and state securities laws is against public policy and unenforceable.
The Operating Partnership must also indemnify us and our directors and officers and other persons we may designate against damages and other liabilities in our capacity as general partner.
Legal Proceedings
Neither we nor the Adviser is currently involved in any material litigation. As a registered investment advisor, the Adviser may be examined periodically by the SEC.
 
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COMPENSATION
We will pay the Adviser, the Special Limited Partner, the Dealer Manager and their affiliates the fees and expense reimbursements described below in connection with performing services for us.
We do not intend to pay the Adviser or its affiliates any separate fees for property acquisitions, dispositions, financings (except interest and other payments to the lender in cases where the lender is an affiliate of the Adviser) or development, or adopt a long-term incentive plan, although our charter permits us to do so, subject to certain limitations. We will, however, reimburse the Adviser and its affiliates for out-of-pocket and other expenses related to the foregoing activities to the extent such expenses are paid by the Adviser.
Type of
Compensation
and
Recipient
​ ​
Determination of Amount
​ ​
Estimated Amount
​
Organization and Offering Activities
​
Upfront Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees(1)(2) — The Dealer Manager ​ ​ The Dealer Manager will be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.0%, and upfront dealer manager fees of 0.5%, of the transaction price of each Class T share sold in the primary offering, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price. The Dealer Manager will be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.5% of the transaction price of each Class S share sold in the primary offering. The Dealer Manager may be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 1.5% of the transaction price of each Class D share sold in the primary offering. The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, the purchase price per share for each class of our common stock will vary and will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such class, as determined monthly, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. The Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the upfront ​ ​ The actual amount will depend on the number of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares sold and the transaction price of each Class T share, Class S share and Class D share. Aggregate upfront selling commissions will equal approximately $77.6 million, and aggregate dealer manager fees will equal approximately $4.8 million if we sell the maximum amount, in each case, in our primary offering, assuming 1/4 of our offering proceeds are from the sale of each of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares, respectively, and that the transaction prices of our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares remain constant at $10.00. ​
 
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selling commissions and dealer manager fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers.
No upfront selling commissions or dealer manager fees will be paid with respect to purchases of Class I shares or shares of any class sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
​ ​ ​ ​
Stockholder Servicing Fees(2)(3) — The Dealer Manager ​ ​
Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we will pay the Dealer Manager selling commissions over time as stockholder servicing fees for ongoing services rendered to stockholders by participating broker-dealers or broker-dealers servicing investors’ accounts, referred to as servicing broker-dealers:
•
 with respect to our outstanding Class T shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class T shares, consisting of an advisor stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class T shares, however, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the investment professional stockholder servicing fee and the dealer stockholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares;
​
•
 with respect to our outstanding Class S shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class S shares; and
​
•
 with respect to our outstanding Class D shares equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class D shares.
​
We will not pay a stockholder servicing fee with respect to our outstanding Class E shares or Class I shares, and as a result, it is a class-specific expense. We will pay stockholder servicing fees with
​ ​ Actual amounts depend upon the per share NAVs of our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares, the number of Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares purchased and when such shares are purchased. For each of Class T shares and Class S shares, the stockholder servicing fees will equal approximately $8.2 million per annum if we sell the maximum amount. For Class D shares, the stockholder servicing fees will equal $2.5 million per annum if we sell the maximum amount. In each case, we are assuming that, in our primary offering, 1/4 of our offering proceeds are from the sale of Class T shares, 1/4 of our offering proceeds are from the sale of Class S shares and 1/4 of our offering proceeds are from the sale of Class D shares, that the NAV per share of our Class S shares and Class D shares remains constant at $10.00 and none of our stockholders participate in our distribution reinvestment plan. ​
 
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respect to outstanding Class D shares, Class S shares and Class T shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
The stockholder servicing fees will be paid monthly in arrears. The Dealer Manager will reallow (pay) the stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and will waive stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services. Because the stockholder servicing fees are calculated based on our NAV for our Class T, Class S and Class D shares, they will reduce the NAV or, alternatively, the distributions payable, with respect to the shares of each such class, including shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan.
We will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee with respect to any Class T share, Class S share or Class D share held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to the shares held by such stockholder within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% (or, in the case of Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, a lower limit as set forth in the applicable agreement between the Dealer Manager and a participating broker-dealer at the time such Class T shares were issued) of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan with respect thereto) (collectively, the “Fee Limit”). At the end of such month, each such Class T share, Class S share or Class D share will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any
​ ​ ​ ​
 
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fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share (the “Share Conversion”). Although we cannot predict the length of time over which the stockholder servicing fee will be paid due to potential changes in the NAV of our shares, this fee would be paid with respect to a Class T share (in the case of a limit of 8.75% of gross proceeds) or Class S share over approximately 7 years from the date of purchase and with respect to a Class D share over approximately 30 years from the date of purchase, assuming payment of the full upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, opting out of the distribution reinvestment plan and a constant NAV of $10.00 per share. Under these assumptions, if a stockholder holds his or her shares for these time periods, this fee with respect to a Class T share or Class S share would total approximately $0.56 and with respect to a Class D share would total approximately $0.74.
In addition, we will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee on the Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including upfront selling commissions, the stockholder servicing fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering.
For a description of the services required from the participating broker-dealer or servicing broker-dealer, see the “Plan of Distribution — Underwriting Compensation — Stockholder Servicing Fees — Class T, Class S and Class D Shares.
​ ​ ​ ​
 
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Organization and Offering Expense Reimbursement
(2)(4) — The Adviser
​ ​
The Adviser will advance our organization and offering expenses associated with this offering that it incurs on our behalf (including legal, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses, reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses of participating broker-dealers supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of our escrow agent and transfer agent, and expense reimbursements for actual costs incurred by employees of the Dealer Manager in the performance of wholesaling activities, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and the stockholder servicing fee) through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. We will reimburse the Adviser for all such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months following the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. Such reimbursement may be paid, at the Adviser’s election, in cash, Class E shares, Class I shares, Class E units or Class I units, or any combination thereof. If the Adviser elects to receive any portion of such reimbursement in shares of our common stock or Operating Partnership units, we may repurchase such shares or units from the Adviser at a later date. Such shares of our common stock and Operating Partnership units that are subsequently converted to shares of our common stock that the Adviser receives in lieu of cash will not be subject to the repurchase limits of our share repurchase plan or any Early Repurchase Deduction. Wholesaling compensation expenses of persons associated with the Dealer Manager will be paid by the Adviser without reimbursement from us.
After the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering, we will reimburse the Adviser for any
​ ​ We estimate our organization and offering expenses to be approximately $25.3 million if we sell the maximum offering amount. ​
 
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​ ​ ​ organization and offering expenses that it incurs on our behalf as and when incurred. After the termination of the primary offering and again after termination of the offering under our distribution reinvestment plan, the Adviser has agreed to reimburse us to the extent that the organization and offering expenses that we incur exceed 15% of our gross proceeds from the applicable offering. ​ ​ ​ ​
Investment Activities
​
Acquisition Expense Reimbursement
(5) — The Adviser
​ ​ We do not intend to pay the Adviser any acquisition, financing (except interest payments to the lender in cases where the lender is an affiliate of the Adviser) or other similar fees in connection with making investments. We will, however, reimburse the Adviser for out-of-pocket expenses in connection with the selection and acquisition of properties and real estate-related assets, whether or not such investments are acquired, and make payments to third parties or certain of the Adviser’s affiliates in connection with making investments as described in “— Fees from Other Services — Affiliates of the Adviser” below. ​ ​ Actual amounts are dependent upon actual expenses incurred and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time. ​
Operational Activities
​
Management Fee — The Adviser(6)(7) ​ ​
We will pay the Adviser a management fee equal to 1.25% of NAV for the Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares per annum payable monthly. Additionally, to the extent that the Operating Partnership issues Operating Partnership units to parties other than us, the Operating Partnership will pay the Adviser a management fee equal to 1.25% of the NAV of the Operating Partnership attributable to such Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I Operating Partnership units not held by us per annum payable monthly. We will not pay the Adviser a management fee with respect to the Class E shares or Class E units and, as a result, it is a class-specific expense.
The management fee may be paid, at the
​ ​
Actual amounts of the management fee depend upon our aggregate NAV. The management fee attributed to the shares sold in this offering will equal approximately $49 million per annum if we sell the maximum amount in our primary offering, assuming that the NAV per share of each class of our common stock remains constant at $10.00 and before giving effect to any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan.
Actual amounts of out-of-pocket expenses paid by the Adviser that we reimburse are dependent upon actual expenses incurred and, therefore, cannot be determined at this time.
​
 
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Adviser’s election, in cash, Class E shares, Class I shares, Class E units or Class I units of the Operating Partnership, or any combination thereof. To the extent that the Adviser elects to receive any portion of its management fee in shares of our common stock or units of the Operating Partnership, we may repurchase such shares or units from the Adviser at a later date. Shares of our common stock and units of the Operating Partnership obtained by the Adviser will not be subject to the repurchase limits of our share repurchase plan or any Early Repurchase Deduction.
The Operating Partnership will repurchase any such Operating Partnership units for cash unless our board of directors determines that any such repurchase for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, in which case such Operating Partnership units will be repurchased for shares of our common stock with an equivalent aggregate NAV. The Adviser and the Special Limited Partner will have the option of exchanging any class of shares obtained in respect of its management fee or performance participation allocation for an equivalent aggregate NAV amount of any other class of shares.
In addition to the organization and offering expense and acquisition expense reimbursements described above, we will reimburse the Adviser for out-of-pocket costs and expenses it incurs in connection with the services it provides to us, including, but not limited to, (1) the actual cost of goods and services used by us and obtained from third parties or certain affiliates of the Adviser (subject to approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors), including fees paid to administrators, consultants, attorneys, technology providers and other service providers, and brokerage
​ ​ ​ ​
 
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​ ​ ​ fees paid in connection with the purchase and sale of investments and securities, and (2) expenses of managing and operating our properties, whether payable to an affiliate or a non-affiliated person and (3) expenses related to the personnel of the Adviser performing services for us other than those who provide investment advisory services or serve as our directors or officers. See “Management — The Advisory Agreement — Management Fee, Performance Participation and Expense Reimbursements.” ​ ​ ​ ​
Performance Participation Allocation — The Special Limited Partner ​ ​ So long as the Advisory Agreement has not been terminated (including by means of non-renewal), the Special Limited Partner will hold a performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership that entitles it to receive an allocation from the Operating Partnership equal to 12.5% of the Total Return, subject to a 5% Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark, with a Catch-Up (each term as defined below). Such allocation will be measured on a calendar year basis, made quarterly and accrued monthly. The performance participation interest is not paid on the Class E units, and as a result, it is a class-specific expense. ​ ​ Actual amounts of the performance participation depend upon the Operating Partnership’s actual annual total return and, therefore, cannot be calculated at this time. ​
​ ​ ​ Promptly following the end of each calendar quarter that is not also the end of a calendar year, the Special Limited Partner will be entitled to a performance participation allocation as described above calculated in respect of the portion of the year to date, less any performance participation allocation received with respect to prior quarters in that year (the “Quarterly Allocation”). The performance participation allocation that the Special Limited Partner is entitled to receive at the end of each calendar year will be reduced by the cumulative amount of Quarterly Allocations that year. ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ Specifically, the Special Limited Partner will be allocated a performance participation in an amount equal to: ​ ​ ​ ​
 
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•
First, if the Total Return for the applicable period exceeds the sum of (i) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (ii) the Loss Carryforward Amount (any such excess, “Excess Profits”), 100% of such annual Excess Profits until the total amount allocated to the Special Limited Partner equals 12.5% of the sum of (x) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (y) any amount allocated to the Special Limited Partner pursuant to this clause (this is commonly referred to as a “Catch-Up”); and
​
•
Second, to the extent there are remaining Excess Profits, 12.5% of such remaining Excess Profits.
​
“Total Return” for any period since the end of the prior calendar year will equal the sum of:
(i)
all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) on the Class T units, Class S units, Class D units and Class I units (collectively referred to as, the “Performance Participation OP Units”) outstanding at the end of such period since the beginning of the then-current calendar year plus
​
(ii)
the change in aggregate NAV of the Performance Participation OP Units since the beginning of the year, before giving effect to (x) changes resulting solely from the proceeds of issuances of Performance Participation OP Units, (y) any allocation/accrual to the performance participation interest and (z) applicable stockholder servicing fee expenses (including any payments made to us for payment of such expenses).
​
For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of Total Return will (i) include any appreciation or depreciation in the NAV of units issued during the then-current calendar year but (ii) exclude the proceeds from the initial issuance of such units.
​ ​ ​ ​
 
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“Hurdle Amount” for any period during a calendar year means that amount that results in a 5% annualized internal rate of return on the NAV of the Performance Participation OP Units outstanding at the beginning of the then-current calendar year and all Performance Participation OP Units issued since the beginning of the then-current calendar year, taking into account the timing and amount of all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) on all such units and all issuances of Performance Participation OP Units over the period and calculated in accordance with recognized industry practices. The ending NAV of the Performance Participation OP Units used in calculating the internal rate of return will be calculated before giving effect to any allocation/accrual to the performance participation interest and applicable stockholder servicing fee expenses. For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of the Hurdle Amount for any period will exclude any Performance Participation OP Units repurchased during such period, which units will be subject to the performance participation allocation upon repurchase as described below.
Except as described in Loss Carryforward below, any amount by which Total Return falls below the Hurdle Amount will not be carried forward to subsequent periods.
“Loss Carryforward Amount” will initially equal zero and will cumulatively increase by the absolute value of any negative annual Total Return and decrease by any positive annual Total Return, provided that the Loss Carryforward Amount will at no time be less than zero and provided further that the calculation of the Loss Carryforward Amount will exclude the Total Return related to any Performance Participation OP Units repurchased during such year, which units will be subject to the performance participation allocation upon repurchase as described below. The
​ ​ ​ ​
 
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effect of the Loss Carryforward Amount is that the recoupment of past annual Total Return losses will offset the positive annual Total Return for purposes of the calculation of the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation. This is referred to as a “High Water Mark.”
The Special Limited Partner will also be allocated a performance participation with respect to all Performance Participation OP Units that are repurchased at the end of any month (in connection with repurchases of our shares in our share repurchase plan) in an amount calculated as described above with the relevant period being the portion of the year for which such unit was outstanding, and proceeds for any such unit repurchase will be reduced by the amount of any such performance participation.
If a Quarterly Allocation is made and at the end of a subsequent calendar quarter in the same calendar year the Special Limited Partner is entitled to less than the previously received Quarterly Allocation(s) (a “Quarterly Shortfall”), then subsequent distributions of any Quarterly Allocations or year-end performance participation allocations in that calendar year will be reduced by an amount equal to such Quarterly Shortfall, until such time as no Quarterly Shortfall remains. If all or any portion of a Quarterly Shortfall is not applied pursuant to the previous sentence by the end of such calendar year, distributions of any Quarterly Allocations and year-end performance participation allocations in the subsequent four calendar years will be reduced by (i) the remaining Quarterly Shortfall plus (ii) an annual rate of 5% on the remaining Quarterly Shortfall measured from the first day of the calendar year following the year in which the Quarterly Shortfall arose and compounded quarterly (collectively, the “Quarterly Shortfall Obligation”) until such time as no Quarterly Shortfall Obligation remains;
​ ​ ​ ​
 
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provided, that the Special Limited Partner (or its affiliate) may make a full or partial cash payment to reduce the Quarterly Shortfall Obligation at any time; provided, further, that if any Quarterly Shortfall Obligation remains following such subsequent four calendar years, then the Special Limited Partner (or its affiliate) will promptly pay the Operating Partnership the remaining Quarterly Shortfall Obligation in cash.
Distributions on the performance participation interest may be payable in cash, Class E units or Class I units at the election of the Special Limited Partner. If the Special Limited Partner elects to receive such distributions in Class E units or Class I units, the Special Limited Partner may request the Operating Partnership to repurchase such units from the Special Limited Partner at a later date. The Operating Partnership will repurchase any such Class I units or Class E units for Class I shares or Class E shares or cash (at the Special Limited Partner’s election) unless our board of directors determines that any such repurchase for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, in which case, such Class E units or Class I units will be repurchased for Class E shares or Class I shares with an aggregate NAV equivalent to the aggregate NAV of such Class E units or Class I units. Any such repurchase requests will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction, but, if such units are redeemed for shares of our common stock, such shares of common stock will be subject to the same repurchase limits that exist under our share repurchase plan.
See “Summary of Our Operating Partnership Agreement — Special Limited Partner Interest.”
​ ​ ​ ​
Fees from Other Services — Affiliates of the Adviser ​ ​ We may retain certain of the Adviser’s affiliates, from time to time, for services relating to our investments (including ​ ​ Actual amounts depend on to what extent affiliates of the Adviser are actually engaged to perform such ​
 
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​ ​ ​ both our real estate investments and real estate-related assets) or our operations, which may include accounting and audit services (including valuation support services), account management services, corporate secretarial services, data management services, directorship services, information technology services, finance/budget services, human resources, judicial processes, legal services, operational services, risk management services, tax services, treasury services, loan management services, construction management services, property management services, leasing services, property, title and/or other types of insurance and related services, transaction support services, transaction consulting services and other similar investment and operational matters. The Operating Partnership or its subsidiary may also issue equity incentive compensation to certain employees of such affiliates for services provided. Any compensation paid to the Adviser’s affiliates for any such services will not reduce the management fee or performance participation allocation. Any such arrangements will be at or below market rates. For more information about such services, please see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest — The Adviser may face conflicts of interests in choosing our service providers and certain service providers may provide services to the Dealer Manager, the Adviser or BGO on more favorable terms than those provided to us.” ​ ​ services. ​
​
(1)
Upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees for sales of Class T and Class S shares may be reduced or waived in connection with volume or other discounts, other fee arrangements or for sales to certain categories of purchasers. See “Plan of Distribution — Underwriting Compensation — Upfront Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees.” If all shares sold in this offering are Class S shares, our total upfront selling commissions would be approximately $135 million if we raise the maximum offering, assuming that the maximum upfront selling commission is paid for each share sold in our primary offering, the NAV per Class S share is $10.00 and we do not reallocate any shares between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
​
(2)
We will cease paying stockholder servicing fees at the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering at which total underwriting compensation from any source in connection with this offering equals 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering (i.e., excluding proceeds from sales pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan). This limitation is intended to ensure that we satisfy the FINRA requirement that total underwriting compensation paid in connection with this offering does not exceed 10% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering.
​
 
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(3)
In calculating stockholder servicing fees, we will use our NAV before giving effect to accruals for stockholder servicing fees or distributions payable on our shares. If all shares sold in this offering are Class S shares, our total annual stockholder servicing fees would be approximately $33 million if we raise the maximum offering, assuming that our NAV per share for Class S shares is $10.00 and no shares are issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
​
(4)
These amounts represent estimated expenses incurred in connection with our organization and this offering. Under no circumstances may our total organization and offering expenses (including upfront selling commissions, stockholder servicing fees and due diligence expenses) exceed 15% of the gross proceeds from this offering.
​
(5)
We will pay all expenses incurred in connection with the acquisition of our investments, including legal and accounting fees and expenses, brokerage commissions payable to unaffiliated third parties, travel expenses, costs of appraisals (including independent appraisals), nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, engineering, due diligence, title insurance and other expenses related to the selection and acquisition of investments, whether or not acquired. While most of the acquisition expenses are expected to be paid to third parties, a portion of the out-of-pocket acquisition expenses may be paid or reimbursed to the Adviser or its affiliates. Acquisition expenses, together with any acquisition fees for a particular real estate-related asset, will in no event exceed 6% of the gross purchase price of the property.
​
(6)
In calculating our management fee, we will use our NAV and the NAV of the Operating Partnership before giving effect to accruals for the management fee, performance participation allocation, stockholder servicing fees or distributions payable on our shares.
​
(7)
We may incur (or the Adviser may also incur and we will reimburse the Adviser), without limitation, the following: (i) expenses related to being a public company; (ii) expenses incurred in connection with our investments and the ownership, sale, disposition or financing thereof, including out-of-pocket expenses incurred by any property manager, developer or construction manager and sales, leasing, brokerage, underwriting or similar commissions incurred, and any closing costs incurred, in respect of any investment, and costs and expenses associated with research in furtherance of our investment activities (including engaging consultants, participation in conferences, membership in trade organizations and other activities that promote deal pipeline development); (iii) costs associated with the formation, negotiation, structuring, financing, documentation and operation of any joint venture, special purpose vehicle or any co-investment, including charitable or political contributions, or costs associated with hiring lobbyists, made by or for any such joint venture, vehicle or co-investment that could, directly or indirectly, enhance the value of the investment or otherwise serve a business purpose for, or be beneficial to, such joint venture, vehicle or co-investment; (iv) any fees or expenses incurred in respect of any subscription line, credit facility or other financing facility; (v) the costs, fees and expenses incurred in threatening, making, defending, investigating or settling any claim, counterclaim, demand, action, suit or proceeding of any kind or nature (including legal and accounting fees and expenses, costs of investigation incurred in making, defending or settling any of the same); (vi) insurance premiums (including for director and officer insurance and professional indemnity insurance in respect of any director, officer or employee of us or the Adviser or our respective affiliates in relation to such a person acting as a director, officer or employee of any of the foregoing in relation to, or in connection with, any investment) and indemnification expenses, including the advancement of any claims and expenses and legal fees, disbursements and governmental fees and charges associated therewith; and (vii) any costs or expenses incurred in connection with filings with any governmental or regulatory authority (including compliance with or filings related to the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) and related regulations), including any related legal expenses and any filings made on behalf of an investor.
​
Commencing with the first four fiscal quarters after the commencement of this offering, our Total Operating Expenses, including any performance participation allocation made to the Special Limited Partner with respect to its performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership, will be limited during any four fiscal quarters to the greater of (a) 2.0% of our Average Invested Assets and (b) 25.0% of our Net Income. This limit may be exceeded only if our independent directors have made a finding that, based on such unusual and non-recurring factors as they deem sufficient, a higher level of expenses is justified, and such finding is recorded in the minutes of a meeting of the independent directors. For purposes of these limits:
•
“Total Operating Expenses” are all costs and expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under GAAP, including the management fee and the performance participation, but excluding: (i) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing, and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and listing of our capital stock, (ii) interest payments, (iii) taxes, (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves, (v) incentive fees paid in compliance with our charter, (vi) acquisition fees and acquisition expenses related to the selection and acquisition of assets, whether or not a property is actually acquired, (vii) real estate commissions on the sale of property and (viii) other fees and expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, mortgage loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property), including property-level expenses incurred at each property.
​
•
“Average Invested Assets” means, for any period, the average of the aggregate book value of our assets, invested, directly or indirectly, in equity interests in and loans secured by real estate, including
​
 
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all properties, mortgages and real estate-related securities and consolidated and unconsolidated joint ventures or other partnerships, before deducting depreciation, amortization, impairments, bad debt reserves or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.
•
“Net Income” means, for any period, total revenues applicable to such period, less the total expenses applicable to such period other than additions to, or allowances for, non-cash charges such as depreciation, amortization, impairments and reserves for bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves.
​
See “Management — The Advisory Agreement — Management Fee, Performance Participation and Expense Reimbursements.”
Performance Participation Allocation Example
The following example illustrates how we would calculate our Special Limited Partner’s performance participation allocation at the end of the year based on the assumptions set forth in rows A through E of the table below. All amounts are with respect to the units outstanding at the end of the year. Actual results may differ materially from the following example.
​
A. Beginning NAV
​ ​ ​ $ 500,000,000 ​ ​
​
B. Loss Carryforward Amount
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
​
C. Net proceeds from new issuances
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
​
D. Distributions paid (in four equal quarterly installments)
​ ​ ​ $ 20,000,000 ​ ​
​
E. Change in NAV required to meet 5% annualized internal rate of return(1)
​ ​ ​ $ 4,700,000 ​ ​
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F. Hurdle Amount(1) (D plus E)
​ ​ ​ $ 24,700,000 ​ ​
​
G. Actual change in NAV
​ ​ ​ $ 25,000,000 ​ ​
​
H. Annual Total Return prior to performance participation allocation (D plus G)
​ ​ ​ $ 45,000,000 ​ ​
​
I. Excess Proceeds (H minus the sum of B and F)
​ ​ ​ $ 20,300,000 ​ ​
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J. Performance participation allocation is equal to 12.5% of annual Total Return (H) because the annual Total Return exceeds the Hurdle Rate (F) plus loss carryforward account balance (B) with enough Excess Proceeds (I) to achieve the full Catch-Up
​ ​ ​ $ 5,625,000 ​ ​
​
(1)
Amounts rounded to the nearest $100,000. The Hurdle Amount for any period is that amount that results in a 5% annualized internal rate of return on the NAV of the units outstanding at the end of the period. There is no guarantee that we will provide a 5% rate of return. This is a hypothetical example. An internal rate of return reflects the timing and amount of all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) and any issuances of such units during the period. Internal rate of return is a metric used in business and asset management to measure the profitability of an investment, and is calculated according to a standard formula that determines the total return provided by gains on an investment over time. Requiring that a minimum internal rate of return be achieved before the advisor is entitled to any performance allocation is typical in the institutional fee structure that we would like to bring to the non-exchange traded REIT industry.
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CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
We pay the Adviser a management fee regardless of the performance of our portfolio. The Adviser’s entitlement to a management fee, which is not based upon performance metrics or goals, might reduce its incentive to devote its time and effort to seeking investments that provide attractive risk-adjusted returns for our portfolio. We will be required to pay the Adviser a management fee in a particular period despite experiencing a net loss or a decline in the value of our portfolio during that period.
In addition, the Special Limited Partner has the ability to earn distributions on its performance participation interest each year based on the total return of the Operating Partnership, which may create an incentive for the Adviser to invest in assets with higher yield potential, which are generally riskier or more speculative, or sell an asset prematurely for a gain, in an effort to increase short-term net income and thereby increase the distributions on performance participation interest to which the Special Limited Partner is entitled. If our interests and those of the Adviser are not aligned, the execution of our business plan and our results of operations could be adversely affected, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We are subject to conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with BGO, including the Adviser and its affiliates. Three members of our board of directors (one of whom serves as executive chairman of our board of directors), and our chief executive officer, chief financial officer, and our other executive officers are also executives of BGO and/or one or more of its affiliates. There is no guarantee that the policies and procedures adopted by us, the terms of our charter, the terms and conditions of the Advisory Agreement or the policies and procedures adopted by the Adviser, BGO and their affiliates, will enable us to identify, adequately address or mitigate these conflicts of interest. Notwithstanding the foregoing, we believe our directors, officers, and the Adviser’s personnel will devote a sufficient amount of time to our business to fulfill their responsibilities to us.
See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest.”
Some examples of conflicts of interest that may arise by virtue of our relationship with the Adviser and BGO include:
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Broad and Wide-Ranging Activities.   The Adviser, BGO and their affiliates engage in a broad spectrum of activities, including a broad range of activities relating to investments in the real estate industry, and have invested or committed billions of dollars in capital through various investment funds, managed accounts and other vehicles affiliated with BGO. In the ordinary course of their business activities, the Adviser, BGO and their affiliates may engage in activities where the interests of certain divisions of BGO and its affiliates, including the Adviser, or the interests of their clients may conflict with the interests of our stockholders. Certain of these divisions and entities affiliated with the Adviser have or may have investment objectives or guidelines similar to our investment guidelines and therefore may compete with us. In particular, BGO invests in a broad range of real estate and real estate debt investments via numerous different investment funds, managed accounts and other vehicles.
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BGO’s Policies and Procedures.   Specified policies and procedures implemented by BGO and its affiliates, including the Adviser, to mitigate potential conflicts of interest and address certain regulatory requirements and contractual restrictions may reduce the advantages across BGO’s and its affiliates’ various businesses that BGO expects to draw on for purposes of pursuing attractive investment opportunities. Because BGO has multiple business lines, it is subject to a number of actual and potential conflicts of interest, greater regulatory oversight and more legal and contractual restrictions than that to which it would otherwise be subject if it had just one line of business. In addressing these conflicts and regulatory, legal and contractual requirements across its various businesses, BGO has implemented certain policies and procedures (e.g., BGO’s information wall policy) that may reduce the benefits that BGO could otherwise expect to utilize for the Adviser for purposes of identifying and managing our investments. For example, BGO may come into possession of material non-public information with respect to companies that are BGO’s and its affiliates’ advisory clients in which the Adviser may be considering making an investment. As a consequence, that information, which could be of benefit to the Adviser, might become restricted to those other businesses and otherwise be unavailable to the Adviser, and could also restrict the Adviser’s activities. Additionally,
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the terms of confidentiality or other agreements with or related to companies in which any investment vehicle of BGO has or has considered making an investment or which is otherwise an advisory client of BGO and its affiliates may restrict or otherwise limit the ability of BGO or its affiliates, including the Adviser, to engage in businesses or activities competitive with such companies.
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Allocation of Investment Opportunities.   The Advisory Agreement acknowledges that, while information and recommendations supplied to us shall, in the Adviser’s reasonable and good faith judgment, be appropriate under the circumstances and in light of our investment guidelines, such information and recommendations may be different in certain material respects from the information and recommendations supplied by the Adviser or its affiliates to others (including, for greater certainty, the Other BGO Accounts and their investors, as described below). In addition, as acknowledged in the Advisory Agreement, affiliates of the Adviser advise and/or manage one or more Other BGO Accounts and we expect will in the future sponsor, advise and/or manage additional Other BGO Accounts. This overlap will from time to time create conflicts of interest. Additionally, in certain circumstances investment opportunities suitable for us will not be presented to us and there will be one or more investment opportunities where our participation is restricted.
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BGO believes our investment objectives, guidelines and strategy are generally distinct from Other BGO Accounts. Accordingly, we expect there will be sufficient investment opportunities for us within our investment guidelines because of the scale of the real estate market.
Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, we have acknowledged and/or agreed that (i) as part of BGO’s or its affiliates’ regular businesses, personnel of the Adviser and its affiliates will from time to time work on other projects and matters (including with respect to one or more Other BGO Accounts), and that conflicts may arise with respect to the allocation of personnel between us and one or more Other BGO Accounts and/or the Adviser and such other affiliates, (ii) unless prohibited by our charter, Other BGO Accounts may invest, from time to time, in investments in which we also invest (including at a different level of an issuer’s capital structure (e.g., an investment by an Other BGO Account in a debt or mezzanine interest with respect to the same portfolio entity in which we own an equity interest or vice versa) or in a different tranche of equity or debt with respect to an issuer in which we have an interest) and while BGO and its affiliates will seek to resolve any such conflicts in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among Other BGO Accounts generally, such transactions are not required to be presented to our board of directors or any committee thereof for approval (unless otherwise required by our charter or investment guidelines), and there can be no assurance that any conflicts will be resolved in our favor, (iii) the Adviser’s affiliates may from time to time receive fees from portfolio entities or other issuers for the arranging, underwriting, syndication or refinancing of investments or other additional fees, including fees related to administrative services, construction, special servicing, leasing, development, property oversight and other property management services, as well as services related to mortgage servicing, group purchasing, healthcare, consulting/brokerage, capital markets/credit origination, loan servicing, property, title and other types of insurance, management consulting and other similar operational matters, including with respect to Other BGO Accounts and related portfolio entities, and while such fees may give rise to conflicts of interest we will not receive the benefit of any such fees, and (v) the terms and conditions of the governing agreements of such Other BGO Accounts (including with respect to the economic, reporting, and other rights afforded to investors in such Other BGO Accounts) are materially different from the terms and conditions applicable to us and our stockholders, and neither we nor any of our stockholders (in such capacity) will have the right to receive the benefit of any such different terms applicable to investors in such Other BGO Accounts as a result of an investment in us or otherwise. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser is required to keep our board of directors reasonably informed on a periodic basis in connection with the foregoing.
•
Corporate Opportunities.   Our board of directors has adopted a resolution that provides, subject to certain exceptions, that none of BGO or its affiliates, any of our directors or any person that any of our director control will be required to refrain directly or indirectly from engaging in any business opportunity, including any business opportunity in the same or similar business activities or lines of business in which we or any of our affiliates may from time to time be engaged or propose to engage, or from competing with us, and that we renounce any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any such business opportunity, unless offered to a person in his or her capacity as one of our directors or officers and intended exclusively for us or any of our subsidiaries.
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•
Investments in Different Levels or Classes of an Issuer’s Securities.   From time to time, to the extent permitted by our charter, we and the Other BGO Accounts may make investments at different levels of an issuer’s or borrower’s capital structure or otherwise in different classes of the same issuer’s securities. We may make investments that are senior or junior to, or have rights and interests different from or adverse to, the investments made by the Other BGO Accounts. Such investments may conflict with the interests of such Other BGO Accounts in related investments, and the potential for any such conflicts of interests may be heightened in the event of a default or restructuring of any such investments. While BGO will seek to resolve any such conflicts in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among the Other BGO Accounts, such transactions are not required to be presented to our board of directors for approval (unless otherwise required by our charter or investment guidelines), and there can be no assurance that any conflicts will be resolved in our favor.
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•
Minority Investments of Other BGO Accounts.   Certain Other BGO Accounts may also make minority investments in third-party investment managers or their investment vehicles with which we may engage in various transactions from time to time, including purchases or sales of assets or borrowing or lending transactions. Although these third-party investees may not be deemed to be affiliates of BGO due to the limited voting rights or other terms of the investments made by such Other BGO Accounts, such Other BGO Accounts would have an indirect economic interest in any transactions between us and such third-party investees. Our stockholders will not share in any of the economic interest of such Other BGO Accounts in such transactions. There can be no assurance that any conflict will be resolved in our favor and BGO may be required to take action where it will have conflicting loyalties between its duties to us and to Other BGO Accounts, which may adversely impact us.
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•
Pursuit of Differing Strategies.   At times, the investment professionals employed by the Adviser or its affiliates and other investment vehicles affiliated with the Adviser and/or BGO may determine that an investment opportunity may be appropriate for only some of the accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles for which he or she exercises investment responsibility, or may decide that certain of the accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles should take differing positions with respect to a particular security. In these cases, the investment professionals may place separate transactions for one or more accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles which may affect the market price of the security or the execution of the transaction, or both, to the detriment or benefit of one or more other accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles. For example, an investment professional may determine that it would be in the interest of another account to sell a security that we hold long, potentially resulting in a decrease in the market value of the security held by us.
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•
Variation in Financial and Other Benefits.   A conflict of interest arises where the financial or other benefits available to the Adviser or its affiliates differ among the accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles that it manages. If the amount or structure of the management fee, the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation interest and/or the Adviser’s or its affiliates’ compensation differs among accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles (such as where certain funds or accounts pay higher base management fees, incentive fees, performance-based management fees or other fees), the Adviser might be motivated to help certain accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles over others. Similarly, the desire to maintain assets under management or to enhance the Adviser’s performance record or to derive other rewards, financial or otherwise, could influence the Adviser or its affiliates in affording preferential treatment to those accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles that could most significantly benefit the Adviser or its affiliates. The Adviser may, for example, have an incentive to allocate favorable or limited opportunity investments or structure the timing of investments to favor such accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles. Additionally, the Adviser or its affiliates might be motivated to favor accounts, clients, entities, funds and/or investment vehicles in which it has an ownership interest or in which BGO and/or its affiliates have ownership interests. Conversely, if an investment professional at the Adviser or its affiliates does not personally hold an investment in the fund but holds investments in other BGO affiliated vehicles, such investment professional’s conflicts of interest with respect to us may be more acute.
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•
Investment Banking, Underwriting and Other Relationships.   BGO is under no obligation to decline any engagements or investments in order to make an investment opportunity available to us. In connection with its investment banking and other businesses, BGO may come into possession of information that limits its ability to engage in potential transactions. Our activities may be constrained as a result of the inability of BGO personnel to use such information. For example, employees of BGO not serving as employees of the Adviser or its affiliates may be prohibited by law or contract from sharing information with members of BGO. We may be forced to sell or hold existing investments as a result of investment banking relationships or other relationships that BGO may have or transactions or investments BGO and its affiliates may make or have made. Additionally, there may be circumstances in which one or more individuals associated with BGO will be precluded from providing services to the Adviser because of certain confidential information available to those individuals or to other parts of BGO. In addition, in connection with selling investments by way of a public offering, a BGO broker-dealer may act as the managing underwriter or a member of the underwriting syndicate on a firm commitment basis and purchase securities on that basis. BGO may retain any commissions, remuneration, or other profits and receive compensation from such underwriting activities, which have the potential to create conflicts of interest. BGO may also participate in underwriting syndicates from time to time with respect to us or portfolio companies of Other BGO Accounts, or may otherwise be involved in the private placement of debt or equity securities issued by us or such portfolio companies, or otherwise in arranging financings with respect thereto. Subject to applicable law, BGO may receive underwriting fees, placement commissions, or other compensation with respect to such activities, which will not be shared with us or our stockholders. Where BGO serves as underwriter with respect to a portfolio company’s securities, we or the applicable Other BGO Account holding such securities may be subject to a “lock-up” period following the offering under applicable regulations during which time our ability to sell any securities that we continue to hold is restricted. This may prejudice our ability to dispose of such securities at an opportune time.
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BGO has long-term relationships with a significant number of corporations and their senior management. In determining whether to invest in a particular transaction on our behalf, the Adviser may consider those relationships (subject to its obligations under our charter and the Advisory Agreement), which may result in certain transactions that the Adviser will not undertake on our behalf in view of such relationships.
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Service Providers.   Certain of our service providers (including lenders, brokers, attorneys, investment banking firms and property managers) may be sources of investment opportunities, counterparties therein or advisors with respect thereto. This may influence the Adviser in deciding whether to select such a service provider. In addition, in instances where multiple BGO businesses may be exploring a potential individual investment, certain of these service providers may choose to be engaged by other BGO affiliates rather than us.
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Material, Non-Public Information.   We, directly or through BGO, the Adviser or certain of their respective affiliates may come into possession of material non-public information with respect to an issuer or borrower in which we have invested or may invest. Should this occur, the Adviser may be restricted from buying or selling securities, derivatives or loans of the issuer or borrower on our behalf until such time as the information becomes public or is no longer deemed material. Disclosure of such information to the personnel responsible for management of our business may be on a need-to-know basis only, and we may not be free to act upon any such information. Therefore, we and/or the Adviser may not have access to material non-public information in the possession of BGO which might be relevant to an investment decision to be made by the Adviser on our behalf, and the Adviser may initiate a transaction or purchase or sell an investment which, if such information had been known to it, may not have been undertaken. Due to these restrictions, the Adviser may not be able to initiate a transaction on our behalf that it otherwise might have initiated and may not be able to purchase or sell an investment that it otherwise might have purchased or sold, which could negatively affect our operations.
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Possible Future Activities.   The Adviser and its affiliates may expand the range of services that they provide over time. Except as and to the extent expressly provided in the Advisory Agreement, the
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Adviser and its affiliates will not be restricted in the scope of its business or in the performance of any such services (whether now offered or undertaken in the future) even if such activities could give rise to conflicts of interest, and whether or not such conflicts are described herein. The Adviser, BGO and their affiliates continue to develop relationships with a significant number of companies, financial sponsors and their senior managers, including relationships with clients who may hold or may have held investments similar to those intended to be made by us. These clients may themselves represent appropriate investment opportunities for us or may compete with us for investment opportunities.
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Transactions with Other BGO Accounts and Other Affiliates.   Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, and subject to applicable law, the Adviser is not permitted to consummate on our behalf any transaction that involves (i) the sale of any investment to or (ii) the acquisition of any investment from BGO, any BGO Account or any of their affiliates unless such transaction is approved by a majority of our directors, including a majority of independent directors, not otherwise interested in such transaction as being fair and reasonable to us. In addition, for any such acquisition by us, our purchase price will be limited to the cost of the property to the affiliate, including acquisition-related expenses, or if substantial justification exists, the current appraised value of the property as determined by an independent expert. In addition, we may enter into joint ventures with Other BGO Accounts, or with BGO, the Adviser, one or more of our directors, or any of their respective affiliates, only if a majority of our directors (including a majority of our independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to us and on substantially the same, or more favorable, terms and conditions as those received by other joint venture partners. Pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement, it is agreed that the Adviser will seek to resolve any conflicts of interest in a fair and reasonable manner (subject to any priorities of Other BGO Accounts) in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among Other BGO Accounts generally, but only those transactions set forth in this paragraph will be expressly required to be presented for approval to the independent directors of our board of directors or any committee thereof (unless otherwise required by our charter or our investment guidelines).
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Other Affiliate Transactions.   In connection with investments in which we participate alongside Other BGO Accounts, we may from time to time share certain rights with such Other BGO Accounts relating to such investments for legal, tax, regulatory or other similar reasons, including, in certain instances, certain control-related rights with respect to jointly held investments. When making any decisions related to such investments, there may be conflicting interests. There can be no assurance that the return on our investment will be equivalent to or better than the returns obtained by BGO or its other affiliates.
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Further conflicts could arise once we and BGO or its affiliates have made our respective investments. For example, if we enter into a joint venture with an Other BGO Account, our interests and the interests of such Other BGO Account may conflict, for example when one joint venture partner seeks to sell the property in the joint venture but the other joint venture partner does not. In such situations, the ability of the Adviser to recommend actions in our best interests might be impaired.
 
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NET ASSET VALUE CALCULATION AND VALUATION GUIDELINES
Our NAV for each class of shares is determined by the Adviser based on the net asset values of our investments (including real estate-related assets), the addition of any other assets (such as cash on hand), and the deduction of any liabilities, including the allocation/accrual of any performance participation to the Special Limited Partner, and will also include the deduction of any stockholder servicing fees specifically applicable to such class of shares, in all cases as described below.
General
Our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, has adopted valuation guidelines that contain a comprehensive set of methodologies to be used by the Adviser and our independent valuation advisor in connection with estimating the values of our assets and liabilities for purposes of our NAV calculation. These guidelines are designed to produce a valuation that represents a fair and accurate estimate of the value of our investments or the price that would be received for our investments in an arm’s-length transaction between a willing buyer and a willing seller in possession of all material information about our investments. These valuation guidelines are largely based upon standard industry practices used by private, open-end real estate funds and other public, non-trade REITs, and are administered by the Adviser.
Our board of directors monitors compliance with our valuation guidelines on an ongoing basis. The calculation of our NAV is intended to be a calculation of fair value of our assets less our outstanding liabilities as described below and will likely differ from the book value of our equity reflected in our financial statements. As a public company, we are required to issue financial statements based on historical cost in accordance with GAAP. To calculate our NAV for the purpose of establishing a purchase and repurchase price for our shares, we have adopted a model, as explained below, that adjusts the value of our assets and liabilities from historical cost to fair value generally in accordance with the GAAP principles set forth in FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements. The Adviser will calculate the fair value of our real estate properties based in part on values provided by independent third-party appraisers and our independent valuation advisor. The Adviser may retain additional third-parties to assist with our valuations of certain investments. Because these fair value calculations will involve significant professional judgment in the application of both observable and unobservable attributes, the calculated fair value of our assets may differ from their actual realizable value or future fair value. While we believe our NAV calculation methodologies are consistent with standard industry practices, there is no rule or regulation that requires we calculate NAV in a certain way. As a result, other public REITs may use different methodologies or assumptions to determine NAV. In addition, NAV is not a measure used under GAAP and the valuations of and certain adjustments made to our assets and liabilities used in the determination of NAV will differ from GAAP. You should not consider NAV to be equivalent to stockholders’ equity or any other GAAP measure.
Our Independent Valuation Advisor
With the approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, we have engaged Altus Group U.S. Inc., to serve as our independent valuation advisor with respect to our real properties, which will review annual third-party appraisals and prepare monthly update appraisals of any properties for which an annual appraisal was not completed by a third-party appraiser in that month. The Adviser, with the approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may engage additional independent valuation advisors in the future as our portfolio grows. While our independent valuation advisor reviews for reasonableness the assumptions, methodologies and valuation conclusions applied by the Adviser for our property, our independent valuation advisor is not responsible for, and does not calculate, our NAV. The Adviser is ultimately and solely responsible for the determination of our NAV.
Our independent valuation advisor may be replaced at any time, in accordance with agreed-upon notice requirements, by a majority vote of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors. We will promptly disclose any changes to the identity or role of our independent valuation advisor in reports we publicly file with the SEC.
 
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Our independent valuation advisor will discharge its responsibilities in accordance with our valuation guidelines. Our board of directors will not be involved in the monthly valuation of our assets and liabilities, but will periodically receive and review such information about the valuation of our assets and liabilities prepared by the Adviser as it deems necessary to exercise its oversight responsibility. Our NAV per share for each class of shares will be calculated by our fund administrator, and such calculation will be reviewed and confirmed by the Adviser. Pursuant to our valuation services agreement with our independent valuation advisor, the Adviser will receive appraisal reports for our property investments from third-party appraisal firms that have been reviewed by our independent valuation advisor along with the Adviser’s own valuation. Based in part on these appraisals, the Adviser will render a final valuation in order for our fund administrator to calculate our NAV. The appraisals for our property investments performed by independent third-party appraisal firms and reviewed by our independent valuation advisor will be one of several components considered by the Adviser in determining the value of our properties that will be used when our fund administrator calculates our NAV per share for each class of shares.
We have agreed to pay fees to our independent valuation advisor upon its delivery to us of its review reports. We have also agreed to indemnify our independent valuation advisor against certain liabilities arising out of this engagement. The compensation we pay to our independent valuation advisor will not be based on the estimated values of our properties.
Our independent valuation advisor and certain of the independent third-party appraisers have provided, and are expected to continue to provide, real estate appraisal, appraisal management and real estate valuation advisory services to BGO and its affiliates and have received, and are expected to continue to receive, fees in connection with such services. Our independent valuation advisor and certain of the independent third-party appraisers and their respective affiliates may from time to time in the future perform other commercial real estate and financial advisory services for BGO and its affiliates, or in transactions related to the properties that are the subjects of the valuations being performed for us, or otherwise, so long as such other services do not adversely affect the independence of the independent valuation advisor or the applicable appraiser as certified in the applicable appraisal report.
Valuation of Investments
Consolidated Properties
For the purposes of calculating our monthly NAV, our properties will initially be valued at cost, which we expect to represent fair value at that time, subject to any variation pursuant to our valuation guidelines. In accordance with GAAP, we determine whether the acquisition of a property qualifies as an asset acquisition or business combination. We capitalize acquisition-related costs associated with asset acquisitions and expense such costs associated with business combinations.
Each property will be valued by an independent third-party appraisal firm annually. Annual appraisals may be delayed for a short period in exceptional circumstances. Properties purchased or treated as a portfolio may be valued as a single asset. Each third-party appraisal is performed in accordance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice, or the similar industry standard for the country where the property appraisal is conducted, and reviewed by our independent valuation advisor for reasonableness. Upon conclusion of the appraisal, the independent third-party appraisal firm prepares a written report with an estimated gross market value of the property. For any month in which an independent third-party appraisal is not obtained, our independent valuation advisor will provide the Adviser with an updated valuation of such property. Each appraisal must be reviewed, approved and signed by an individual with the professional designation of MAI (a Designated Member of the Appraisal Institute) or similar designation or, for international appraisals, a public or other certified expert for real estate valuations. We believe our policy of obtaining appraisals by independent third parties will meaningfully enhance the accuracy of our NAV calculation. Any appraisal provided by an independent third-party appraisal firm will be performed in accordance with our valuation guidelines and will not be considered in the Adviser’s valuation of the applicable property until our independent valuation advisor has reviewed the reasonableness of such appraisal.
Concurrent with the appraisal process, the Adviser values each property. In any month where a third-party appraisal firm prepares a written report with an estimated gross market value of a property, the Adviser will use such value in determining the Company’s NAV in such month. In all other months where
 
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no third-party appraisal firm prepares a written report with an estimated gross market value of a property or where our independent valuation advisor provides an updated valuation of a property, the Adviser values each such property and, taking into account the most recent appraisal of such property and the updated valuation by our independent valuation advisor of such property, among other factors, determines the appropriate valuation of such property in determining the Company’s NAV. Our independent valuation advisor is not responsible for, and does not review, valuations by the Adviser.
The Adviser will value our properties monthly, based on current material market data and other information deemed relevant. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Adviser will value certain investments quarterly in limited circumstances where a monthly valuation is not practicable, including, without limitation, circumstances in which monthly valuation information is not available. When an annual appraisal is received, our valuations will not deviate from the third-party appraisal; however, updates to valuations thereafter may differ from the value provided in the most recent third-party appraisal or updated value received from our independent valuation advisor. Although monthly reviews of each of our real property valuations will be performed by our independent valuation advisor, such reviews are based on asset and portfolio level information provided by the Adviser, including historical or forecasted operating revenues and expenses of the properties, lease agreements on the properties, revenues and expenses of the properties, information regarding recent or planned estimated capital expenditures, the then-most recent annual third-party appraisals, and any other information relevant to valuing the real estate property, which information will not be independently verified by our independent valuation advisor. In cases in which our net equity interests in certain properties have no net asset value due to factors such as cash flow performance or marketability, as reasonably determined by the Adviser, the Adviser may exclude such properties from the review by our independent valuation advisor.
The Adviser will monitor our properties for significant events that the Adviser believes may be expected to have a material impact on the most recent estimated values of such property, and will notify our independent valuation advisor of such events. If, in the opinion of the Adviser, an event becomes known to the Adviser (including through communication with our independent valuation advisor) that is likely to have any material impact on previously provided estimated values of the affected properties, the Adviser will adjust the valuation of such properties. If deemed appropriate by the Adviser, any necessary adjustment will be determined as soon as practicable. Annual appraisals may also trigger an adjustment in the value of a property when received.
For example, a valuation adjustment may be appropriate to reflect the occurrence of an unexpected property-specific event such as a termination or renewal of a material lease, a material change in vacancies, an unanticipated structural or environmental event at a property or a significant capital market event that may cause the value of a wholly-owned property to change materially. Valuation adjustments may also be appropriate to reflect the occurrence of broader market-driven events identified by the Adviser or our independent valuation advisor which may impact more than a specific property. Any such adjustments will be estimates of the market impact of specific events as they occur, based on assumptions and judgments that may or may not prove to be correct, and may also be based on the limited information readily available at that time.
In general, we expect that any adjustments to appraised values will be calculated promptly after a determination that a material change has occurred and the financial effects of such change are quantifiable by the Adviser. However, rapidly changing market conditions or material events may not be immediately reflected in our monthly NAV. The resulting potential disparity in our NAV may be detrimental to stockholders whose shares are repurchased or new purchasers of our common stock, depending on whether our published NAV per share for such class is overstated or understated.
Real estate appraisals will be reported on a free and clear basis (for example, without taking into consideration any mortgage on the property), irrespective of any property level financing that may be in place. We expect to use the discounted cash flow methodology (income approach) as the primary methodology to value properties, whereby a property’s value is calculated by discounting the estimated cash flows and the anticipated terminal value of the subject property by the assumed new buyer’s normalized weighted average cost of capital for the subject property. Consistent with industry practices, the income approach also incorporates subjective judgments regarding comparable rental and operating expense data, capitalization or discount rate, and projections of future rent and expenses based on appropriate evidence as well as the
 
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residual value of the asset as components in determining value. Other methodologies that may also be used to value properties include sales comparisons and replacement cost approaches. Under the sales comparison approach, the independent third-party appraiser develops an opinion of value by comparing the subject property to similar, recently sold properties in the surrounding or competing area.
The replacement cost approach relies on the principle of substitution, which holds that when a property is replaceable in the market, its value tends to be set at the cost of acquiring an equally desirable substitute property, assuming that no costly delay is encountered in making the substitution. Because the appraisals performed by the independent third-party appraisal firms and reviewed by our independent valuation advisor, the Adviser’s determination of the appropriate valuations for our properties based on the values provided in such reports and any subsequent updates to the valuation of our properties made by the Adviser involve subjective judgments, the estimated fair value of our assets that will be included in our NAV may not reflect the liquidation value or net realizable value of our properties.
In conducting their investigations and analyses, our independent valuation advisor and other independent third-party appraisal firms will take into account customary and accepted financial and commercial procedures and considerations as they deem relevant, which may include, without limitation, the review of documents, materials and information relevant to valuing the property that are provided by us, such as (i) historical or forecasted operating revenues and expenses of the property; (ii) lease agreements on the property; (iii) the revenues and expenses of the property; (iv) information regarding recent or planned estimated capital expenditures; and (v) any other information relevant to valuing the real estate property. Although our independent valuation advisor may review information supplied or otherwise made available by us for reasonableness, it will assume and rely upon the accuracy and completeness of all such information and of all information supplied or otherwise made available to it by any other party, and will not undertake any duty or responsibility to verify independently any of such information. Our independent valuation advisor will not make or obtain an independent valuation or appraisal of any of our other assets or liabilities (contingent or otherwise) other than our real properties. With respect to operating or financial forecasts and other information and data to be provided to or otherwise to be reviewed by or discussed with our independent valuation advisor, our independent valuation advisor will assume that such forecasts and other information and data were reasonably prepared in good faith on bases reflecting currently available estimates and judgments of our management and the Adviser, and will rely upon the Adviser to advise our independent valuation advisor promptly if any material information previously provided becomes inaccurate or was required to be updated during the period of review.
In performing their analyses, the Adviser, our independent valuation advisor and other independent third-party appraisal firms will make numerous other assumptions with respect to industry performance, general business, economic and regulatory conditions and other matters, many of which are beyond its control and our control, as well as certain factual matters. For example, our independent valuation advisor and other independent third-party appraisal firms will assume that we have clear and marketable title to each real estate property valued, that no title defects exist unless specifically informed to the contrary, that improvements were made in accordance with law, that no hazardous materials are present or were present previously, that no deed restrictions exist, and that no changes to zoning ordinances or regulations governing use, density or shape are pending or being considered. Furthermore, our independent valuation advisor’s review, opinions and conclusions will necessarily be based upon market, economic, financial and other circumstances and conditions existing prior to the valuation, and any material change in such circumstances and conditions may affect our independent valuation advisor’s review and conclusions. Our independent valuation advisor’s review reports may contain other assumptions, qualifications and limitations set forth in the respective appraisal reports that qualify the review, opinions and conclusions set forth therein. As such, the carrying values of our real properties may not reflect the price at which the properties could be sold in the market, and the difference between carrying values and the ultimate sales prices could be material. In addition, accurate valuations are more difficult to obtain in times of low transaction volume because there are fewer market transactions that can be considered in the context of the appraisal.
Pursuant to our valuation services agreement with our independent valuation advisor, each individual appraisal report for our assets will be addressed solely to us to assist the Adviser in calculating our NAV. The appraisal reports relating to our properties will not be addressed to the public, will not contain any conclusion regarding our NAV and may not be relied upon by any other person to establish an estimated value
 
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of our common stock and will not constitute a recommendation to any person to purchase or sell any shares of our common stock. In preparing appraisal reports, independent third-party appraisal firms will not, and will not be requested to, solicit third-party indications of interest for our common stock or any of our properties in connection with possible purchases thereof or the acquisition of all or any part of us.
The Adviser’s valuation of each investment’s liabilities, including any third-party incentive fee payments or investment level debt, deal terms and structure will not be reviewed by our independent valuation advisor or appraised. Our fund administrator will then incorporate such adjusted valuations into our NAV, which will then be reviewed and confirmed by the Adviser.
Unconsolidated Properties Held Through Joint Ventures
Unconsolidated properties held through joint ventures generally will be valued in a manner that is consistent with the guidelines described above for consolidated properties. Once the value of a property held by the joint venture is determined by an independent appraisal and we determine the fair value of any other assets and liabilities of the joint venture, the value of our interest in the joint venture would then be determined by the Adviser using a hypothetical liquidation calculation to value our interest in the joint venture, which would be a percentage of the joint venture’s NAV. Unconsolidated properties held in a joint venture that acquires multiple properties over time may be valued as a single investment.
Valuation of Real Estate Debt and Other Securities
In general, real estate debt and other securities will be valued by the Adviser based on market quotations or at fair value determined in accordance with GAAP. GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or be paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The Adviser may, from time to time, also engage one or more third-parties to assist with the valuation of our real estate debt and other securities.
Readily available market quotations
Market quotations may be obtained from third-party pricing service providers or, if not available from third-party pricing service providers, broker-dealers for certain of our real estate debt and other securities. When reliable market quotations for real estate debt and other securities are available from multiple sources, the Adviser will use commercially reasonable efforts to use two or more quotations and will value such investments based on the average of the quotations obtained. However, to the extent that one or more of the quotations received is determined in good faith by the Adviser to not be reliable, the Adviser may disregard such quotation if the average of the remaining quotations is determined in good faith to be reliable by the Adviser. Securities that are traded publicly on an exchange or other public market (stocks, exchange traded derivatives and securities convertible into publicly-traded securities, such as warrants) will be valued at the closing price of such securities in the principal market in which the security trades.
No readily available market quotations
If market quotations are not readily available (or are otherwise not reliable for a particular investment), the fair value will be determined in good faith by the Adviser. Due to the inherent uncertainty of these estimates, estimates of fair value may differ from the values that would have been used had a ready market for these investments existed and the differences could be material. Market quotes are considered not readily available in circumstances where there is an absence of current or reliable market-based data (e.g., trade information, bid/ask information, or broker-dealer quotations).
Certain investments, such as mortgages, mezzanine loans, preferred equity or private company investments, are unlikely to have market quotations.
In the case of loans acquired by us, such initial value will generally be the acquisition price of such loan. In the case of loans originated by us, such initial value will generally be the par value of such loan. Each such investment will then be valued by the Adviser within the first three full months after we make such investment and no less frequently than quarterly thereafter in accordance with the procedures set forth in the immediately following paragraph.
 
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To conduct its initial quarterly valuation and subsequent quarterly revaluations of such loan investments, the Adviser will initially determine if there is adequate collateral real estate value supporting such investments and whether the investment’s yield approximates market yield. If the market yield is estimated to approximate the investment’s yield, then such investment is valued at its par value. If the market yield is not estimated to approximate the investment’s yield, the Adviser will project the expected cash flows of the investment based on its contractual terms and discount such cash flows back to the valuation date based on an estimated market yield.
Market yield is estimated as of each quarterly valuation date based on a variety of inputs regarding the collateral asset(s) performance, local/macro real estate performance, and capital market conditions, in each case as determined in good faith by the Adviser. These factors may include, but are not limited to: purchase price/par value of such real estate debt or other difficult to value securities; debt yield, capitalization rates, loan-to-value ratio, and replacement cost of the collateral asset(s); borrower financial condition, reputation, and indications of intent (e.g., pending repayments, extensions, defaults, etc.); and known transactions or other price discovery for comparable debt investments. In the absence of collateral real estate value supporting such securities, the Adviser will consider the residual value to its securities, following repayment of any senior debt or other obligations of the collateral asset(s). For each month that the Adviser does not perform a valuation of such investments, it will review such investment to confirm that there have been no significant events that would cause a material change in value of such investment. Our independent valuation advisor will generally review the reasonableness of the valuation of our real estate debt investments without readily available market quotations upon the Adviser’s initial quarterly valuation of such investment and each month thereafter.
Our board of directors has delegated to the Adviser the responsibility for monitoring significant events that may materially affect the values of our real estate debt and other securities investments and for determining whether the value of the applicable investments should be re-evaluated in light of such significant events. Except as otherwise provided in our valuation guidelines, the valuation of our real estate debt and other securities will not be reviewed by our independent valuation advisor or appraised.
The initial value of preferred equity and private company investments will generally be the acquisition price of such investment. Each such investment will then be valued by the Adviser within the first three full months after we make such investment and no less frequently than quarterly thereafter. The Adviser may utilize generally accepted valuation methodologies, which may include, but are not limited to, the market approach, cost approach and income approach, to value such preferred equity or private company investments. These methodologies generally include inputs such as the multiples of comparable companies, the value and performance of underlying assets, select financial statement metrics, the stock price of the investment, volatility, strike price, risk-free interest rate, dividend yield and expected term, as applicable. For each month that the Adviser does not perform a valuation of such investments, it will review such investment to confirm that there have been no significant events that would cause a material change in value of such investment. Our independent valuation advisor will generally review the reasonableness of the valuation of our private company investments without readily available market quotations upon the Adviser’s initial quarterly valuation of such investment and each month thereafter.
Liabilities
We will include the fair value of our liabilities as part of our NAV calculation. We expect that these liabilities will include the fees payable to the Adviser and the Dealer Manager, any accrued performance participation allocation to the Special Limited Partner, accounts payable, accrued operating expenses, property-level mortgages, any portfolio-level credit facilities and other liabilities. All liabilities will be valued using widely accepted methodologies specific to each type of liability. Liabilities related to stockholder servicing fees will be allocable to a specific class of shares and will only be included in the NAV calculation for that class, as described below. Our debt will be valued at fair value in accordance with GAAP. The Adviser has advanced, and will continue to advance, our organization and offering expenses on our behalf (other than upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees) through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. We will reimburse the Adviser for such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months following the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, our Adviser will value certain debt quarterly in limited
 
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circumstances where a monthly valuation is not practicable, including, without limitation, circumstances in which monthly valuation information is not available. For purposes of calculating our NAV, the organization and offering expenses paid by the Adviser through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering are not recognized as expenses or as a component of equity and reflected in our NAV until we reimburse the Adviser for these expenses. For purposes of calculating a monthly NAV, the stockholder servicing fee for each applicable class of shares will be calculated by multiplying the accrued monthly stockholder servicing fee rate (1/12th of the total annual stockholder servicing fee rate for each applicable class of shares) by the aggregate NAV of such class of shares for that month, after adjustment for any net realized gains or losses on assets and liabilities, management fee expense and performance participation allocation accrual. The Adviser’s valuation of each investment’s liabilities, including any third-party incentive fee payments or investment level debt, deal terms and structure will not be reviewed by our independent valuation advisor or appraised.
Review of and Changes to Our Valuation Guidelines
The Adviser reviews our valuation guidelines and methodologies with our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, at least annually. From time to time, our board of directors may adopt changes to the valuation guidelines if it (1) determines that such changes are likely to result in a more accurate reflection of NAV or a more efficient or less costly procedure for the determination of NAV without having a material adverse effect on the accuracy of such determination or (2) otherwise reasonably believes a change is appropriate for the determination of NAV. Any changes to our valuation guidelines require the approval of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors.
NAV and NAV Per Share Calculation
We are offering to the public four classes of shares of our common stock: Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. In accordance with the valuation guidelines, our fund administrator calculates our NAV per share for each class monthly. The fund administrator uses the same methodology as set forth below to calculate our NAV for each of our share classes. Our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, may replace SS&C with another party, including the Adviser, if it is deemed appropriate to do so. The Adviser is responsible for reviewing and confirming our NAV per share for each of our share classes and overseeing the process around the calculation of our NAV per share for each of our share classes, in each case, as performed by SS&C.
Each class of our common stock, including the Class E shares which we are not offering to the public, has an undivided interest in our assets and liabilities, other than class-specific liabilities (including the management fee paid to the Adviser and the performance participation paid to the Special Limited Partner). In accordance with the valuation guidelines, our fund administrator calculates our NAV per share for each class as of the last calendar day of each month, using a process that reflects several components (each as described above), including the estimated fair value of (1) each of our properties based in part upon individual appraisal reports provided periodically by third-party independent valuation firms and reviewed by our independent valuation advisor, and updated monthly by the independent valuation advisor, (2) our real estate debt and other securities for which third-party market quotes are available, (3) our other real estate debt and other securities, if any, and (4) our other assets and liabilities. Because stockholder servicing fees allocable to a specific class of shares will only be included in the NAV calculation for that class, the NAV per share for our share classes may differ. Operating Partnership units will be valued in the same fashion. Our valuation procedures include the following methodology to determine the monthly NAV of the Operating Partnership and the units. The Operating Partnership has classes of units that are each economically equivalent to our corresponding classes of shares.
Accordingly, on the last day of each month, the NAV per Operating Partnership unit of such units equals the NAV per share of the corresponding class. To the extent the Operating Partnership has classes of units that do not correspond to a class of our shares, such units will be valued in a manner consistent with these guidelines. The NAV of the Operating Partnership on the last day of each month equals the sum of the NAVs of each outstanding Operating Partnership unit on such day.
Our NAV for each class of shares will be based on the net asset values of our investments (including real estate debt and other securities), the addition of any other assets (such as cash on hand), and the
 
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deduction of any liabilities (including the allocation/accrual of any performance participation to the Special Limited Partner and the deduction of any stockholder servicing fees specifically applicable to such class of shares). At the end of each month, before taking into consideration repurchases or class-specific expense accruals for that month, any change in our aggregate NAV (whether an increase or decrease) is allocated among each class of shares based on each class’s relative percentage of the previous aggregate NAV plus issuances of shares that were effective on the first calendar day of such month. The NAV calculation is available generally within 15 calendar days after the end of the applicable month.
Changes in our monthly NAV include, without limitation, accruals of our net portfolio income, interest expense, the management fee, any accrued performance participation, distributions, unrealized/realized gains and losses on assets, any applicable organization and offering costs and any expense reimbursements. Changes in our monthly NAV also include material non-recurring events, such as capital expenditures and material property acquisitions and dispositions occurring during the month. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Adviser may in its discretion consider material market data and other information that becomes available after the end of the applicable month in valuing our assets and liabilities and calculating our NAV for a particular month. On an ongoing basis, the Adviser will adjust the accruals to reflect actual operating results and the outstanding receivable, payable and other account balances resulting from the accumulation of monthly accruals for which financial information is available.
Following the aggregation of the net asset values of our investments, the addition of any other assets (such as cash on hand), and the deduction of any other liabilities, our fund administrator incorporates any class-specific adjustments to our NAV, including additional issuances and repurchases of our common stock and accruals of class-specific stockholder servicing fees. For each applicable class of shares, the stockholder servicing fee is calculated as a percentage of the aggregate NAV for such class of shares. At the close of business on the date that is one business day after each record date for any declared distribution, our NAV for each class will be reduced to reflect the accrual of our liability to pay any distribution to our stockholders of record of each class as of the record date. NAV per share for each class is calculated by dividing such class’s NAV at the end of each month by the number of shares outstanding for that class at the end of such month.
The combination of the Class T NAV, Class S NAV, Class D NAV and Class I NAV equals the aggregate net asset value of our assets, which will consist almost entirely of the value of our interest in the Operating Partnership, less our liabilities, including liabilities related to class-specific stockholder servicing fees. The value of our interest in the Operating Partnership is equal to the excess of the aggregate NAV of the Operating Partnership over the portion thereof that would be distributed to any limited partners other than us if the Operating Partnership were liquidated. The aggregate NAV of the Operating Partnership is the excess of the value of the Operating Partnership’s assets (including the fair value of its properties, real estate debt and other securities, cash and other investments) over its liabilities (including the fair value of its debt, any declared and accrued unpaid distributions, any accrued performance participation allocation and the expenses attributable to its operations). The Adviser calculates the fair value of the assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership as directed by our valuation guidelines based upon values received from various sources, as described in more detail above.
Net portfolio income and unrealized/realized gains on assets and liabilities for any month is allocated proportionately among the share classes according to the NAV of the classes at the beginning of the month.
Relationship between NAV and Our Transaction Price
The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, our transaction price per share for each share class will vary and will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such share class. The transaction price is the price at which we repurchase shares and the price, together with applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, at which we offer shares for purchase. Although the transaction price is generally based on our prior month’s NAV per share, such prior month’s NAV may be significantly different from the current NAV per share of the applicable class of stock as of the date on which your purchase or repurchase occurs.
 
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In addition, we may offer shares at a price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of such stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share (including by updating a previously disclosed offering price) or suspend our offering and/or our share repurchase plan in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month. In cases where our transaction price is not based on the prior month’s NAV per share, the offering price and repurchase price will not equal our NAV per share as of any time. The Adviser may determine whether a material change has occurred to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month and whether to set a transaction price that differs from the previous month’s NAV per share, and in such cases, has discretion over what such transaction price will be.
Our transaction price will be made publicly available by posting it on our website at www.bgoireit.com and filing a prospectus supplement with the SEC and in certain cases delivered directly to subscribers. Please see the “How to Subscribe” section of this prospectus for additional information on how we communicate a change in our transaction price and the timing of when we accept subscription requests.
As our upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees are a percentage of the transaction price, any increase or decrease in our transaction price will have a corresponding impact on the absolute amount of fees paid in connection with your purchase and thus the number of shares you would be able to purchase for the same aggregate amount. For example, an increase in the transaction price after your subscription was submitted would result in fewer shares purchased for the same aggregate amount (inclusive of upfront costs).
Limits on the Calculation of Our NAV Per Share
The overarching principle of our valuation guidelines is to produce reasonable estimated values for each of our investments (and other assets and liabilities), or the price that would be received for that investment in orderly transactions between market participants. However, the majority of our assets will consist of real estate properties and, as with any real estate valuation protocol and as described above, the valuation of our properties (and other assets and liabilities) is based on a number of judgments, assumptions and opinions about future events that may or may not prove to be correct. The use of different judgments, assumptions or opinions would likely result in a different estimate of the value of our real estate properties (and other assets and liabilities). Any resulting potential disparity in our NAV per share may be in favor of stockholders whose shares are repurchased, existing stockholders or new purchasers of our common stock, as the case may be, depending on the circumstances at the time (for cases in which our transaction price is based on NAV). See “Risk Factors — Valuations and appraisals of our real estate and real estate debt are estimates of fair value and may not necessarily correspond to realizable value,” “— Our NAV per share amounts may change materially if the appraised values of our properties materially change from prior appraisals or the actual operating results for a particular month differ from what we originally budgeted for that month” and “— It may be difficult to reflect, fully and accurately, material events that may impact our monthly NAV.”
Additionally, while the methodologies contained in our valuation guidelines are designed to operate reliably within a wide variety of circumstances, it is possible that in certain unanticipated situations or after the occurrence of certain extraordinary events (such as a significant disruption in relevant markets, a terrorist attack or an act of nature), our ability to calculate NAV may be impaired or delayed, including, without limitation, circumstances where there is a delay in accessing or receiving information from vendors or other reporting agents upon which we may rely upon in determining the monthly value of our NAV. In these circumstances, a more accurate valuation of our NAV could be obtained by using different assumptions or methodologies. Accordingly, in special situations when, in the Adviser’s reasonable judgment, the administration of the valuation guidelines would result in a valuation that does not represent a fair and accurate estimate of the value of our investment, alternative methodologies may be applied, provided that the Adviser must notify our board of directors at the next scheduled board meeting of any alternative methodologies utilized and their impact on the overall valuation of our investment. Notwithstanding the foregoing, our board of directors may suspend the offering and/or our share repurchase plan if it determines that the calculation of our NAV is materially incorrect or unreliable or there is a condition that restricts the valuation of a material portion of our assets.
 
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We include no discounts to our NAV for the illiquid nature of our shares, including the limitations on your ability to sell shares under our share repurchase plan and our ability to modify or suspend our share repurchase plan at any time. Our NAV generally does not consider exit costs (e.g., selling costs and commissions and debt prepayment penalties related to the sale of a property) that would likely be incurred if our assets and liabilities were liquidated or sold. While we may use market pricing concepts to value individual components of our NAV, our per share NAV is not derived from the market pricing information of open-end real estate funds listed on stock exchanges.
Our NAV per share does not represent the amount of our assets less our liabilities in accordance with GAAP. We do not represent, warrant or guarantee that:
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a stockholder would be able to realize the NAV per share for the class of shares a stockholder owns if the stockholder attempts to sell its shares;
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a stockholder would ultimately realize distributions per share equal to the NAV per share for the class of shares it owns upon liquidation of our assets and settlement of our liabilities or a sale of our company;
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shares of our common stock would trade at their NAV per share on a national securities exchange;
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a third party would offer the NAV per share for each class of shares in an arm’s-length transaction to purchase all or substantially all of our shares; or
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•
the NAV per share would equate to a market price of an open-ended real estate fund.
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PLAN OF OPERATION
Overview
We are a Maryland corporation formed on September 7, 2022. We were formed to invest primarily in stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties. We are an externally advised, perpetual-life REIT formed to pursue the investment objectives and strategies described elsewhere in this prospectus. We intend to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We plan to own all or substantially all of our assets through the Operating Partnership, of which we are the sole general partner.
Our board of directors will at all times have ultimate oversight and policy-making authority over us, including responsibility for governance, financial controls, compliance and disclosure. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, however, we have delegated to the Adviser the authority to source, evaluate and monitor our investment opportunities and make decisions related to the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of our assets, in accordance with our investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by our board of directors.
We have neither engaged in any operations nor generated any revenues to date. Our entire activity since inception has been to prepare for our proposed fundraising through our initial public offering of our common stock.
We intend to contribute the net proceeds from this offering which are not used or retained to pay the fees and expenses attributable to our operations to the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership will use the net proceeds received from us to make investments in accordance with our investment strategy and policies. We will use the net proceeds only for the purposes set forth in this prospectus and in the manner approved by our board of directors, the members of which serve as fiduciaries to our stockholders. See “Estimated Use of Proceeds.”
We have not entered into any arrangements to acquire any properties or real estate-related investments with the net proceeds from this offering. The number and type of properties or real estate-related investments that we acquire will depend upon real estate market conditions, the amount of proceeds we raise in this offering and other circumstances existing at the time we are acquiring such assets.
We are not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, favorable or unfavorable, other than national economic conditions affecting real estate generally, that may be reasonably anticipated to have a material impact on either capital resources or the revenues or income to be derived from acquiring properties or real estate-related securities, other than those referred to in this prospectus.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our primary needs for liquidity and capital resources are to fund our investments, to make distributions to our stockholders, to repurchase shares of our common stock pursuant to our share repurchase plan, to pay our offering and operating fees and expenses and to pay interest on any outstanding indebtedness we may incur. We anticipate our offering and operating fees and expenses will include, among other things, the management fee we will pay to the Adviser, the performance participation allocation that the Operating Partnership will pay to the Special Limited Partner, stockholder servicing fees we will pay to the Dealer Manager, legal, audit and valuation expenses, federal and state filing fees, printing expenses, administrative fees, transfer agent fees, marketing and distribution expenses and fees related to acquiring, financing, appraising and managing our properties. We do not have any office or personnel expenses as we do not have any employees. We will reimburse the Adviser for certain out-of-pocket expenses in connection with our operations. See “Compensation — Management Fee.” The Adviser will advance our organization and offering expenses on our behalf (other than upfront selling commissions and stockholder servicing fees) through the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. We will reimburse the Adviser for such advanced expenses ratably over the 60 months following the first anniversary of the commencement of this offering. As of April 30, 2023, the Adviser had accrued approximately $3.8 million of organization and offering expenses on our behalf.
 
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We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, beginning with our taxable year ending December 31, 2023. In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to, among other things, distribute as dividends at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders and meet certain tests regarding the nature of our income and assets.
Over time, we generally intend to fund our cash needs for items other than asset acquisitions from operations. Our cash needs for acquisitions will be funded primarily from the sale of shares of our common stock and through the assumption or incurrence of debt.
Although we have not received any commitments from lenders to fund a line of credit to date, we may decide to obtain a line of credit to fund acquisitions, to repurchase shares pursuant to our share repurchase plan and for any other corporate purpose. If we decide to obtain a line of credit, we expect that it would afford us borrowing availability to fund repurchases pursuant to our share repurchase plan. As our assets increase, however, it may not be commercially feasible or we may not be able to secure an adequate line of credit to fund share repurchases. Moreover, actual availability may be reduced at any given time if we use borrowings under the line of credit to fund share repurchases or for other corporate purposes.
Other potential future sources of capital include secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders and proceeds from the sale of assets. If necessary, we may use financings or other sources of capital in the event of unforeseen significant capital expenditures. We have not yet identified any sources for these types of financings.
Results of Operations
As of the date of this prospectus, we are in our organizational period and have not commenced significant operations.
Critical Accounting Policies
Below is a discussion of the accounting policies that management believes will be critical once we commence operations. We consider these policies critical because they involve significant judgments and assumptions and require estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain and because they are important for understanding and evaluating our reported financial results. Our accounting policies have been established to conform with GAAP. The preparation of the financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to use judgments in the application of such policies. These judgments will affect our reported amounts of assets and liabilities and our disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods. With different estimates or assumptions, materially different amounts could be reported in our financial statements. Additionally, other companies may utilize different estimates that may impact the comparability of our results of operations to those of companies in similar businesses.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties. Our most critical accounting policies will involve decisions and assessments that could affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We believe, however, that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our consolidated financial statements will be based will be reasonable at the time made, based upon information available to us at that time, and subject to well controlled processes and reviews. Our critical accounting policies and accounting estimates will be expanded over time as we fully implement our business strategy. The material accounting policies and estimates that we initially expect to be most critical to an investor’s understanding of our financial results and condition and require complex management judgment are discussed below.
 
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Principles of Consolidation and Variable Interest Entities
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 810 — Consolidation, provides guidance on the identification of entities for which control is achieved through means other than voting rights (“variable interest entities” or “VIEs”) and the determination of which business enterprise, if any, should consolidate the VIEs. Generally, the consideration of whether an entity is a VIE applies when either: (1) the equity investors (if any) lack one or more of the essential characteristics of a controlling financial interest; (2) the equity investment at risk is insufficient to finance that entity’s activities without additional subordinated financial support; or (3) the equity investors have voting rights that are not proportionate to their economic interests and the activities of the entity involve or are conducted on behalf of an investor with a disproportionately small voting interest. We consolidate VIEs in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the entity that has both of the following characteristics: (1) the power to direct the activities that, when taken together, most significantly impact the VIE’s performance; and (2) the obligation to absorb losses and right to receive the returns from the VIE that would be significant to the VIE.
Investments in Real Estate
In accordance with the guidance for business combinations, we will determine whether the acquisition of a property qualifies as a business combination, which requires that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business. If the property acquired is not a business, we will account for the transaction as an asset acquisition. Whether the acquisition of a property acquired is considered a business combination or asset acquisition, we will recognize the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquired entity. In addition, for transactions that will be considered business combinations, we will evaluate the existence of goodwill or a gain from a bargain purchase. We would expense acquisition-related costs associated with business combinations as they are incurred. We will capitalize acquisition-related costs associated with asset acquisitions.
Upon acquisition of a property, we will assess the fair value of acquired tangible and intangible assets (including land, buildings, tenant improvements, above-market and below-market leases, acquired in-place leases, other identified intangible assets and assumed liabilities) and allocate the purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities. We will assess and consider fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize discount or capitalization rates that we deem appropriate, as well as other available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.
The fair value of the tangible assets of an acquired property considers the value of the property as if it were vacant. We also consider an allocation of purchase price of other acquired intangibles, including acquired in-place leases that may have a customer relationship intangible value, including but not limited to the nature and extent of the existing relationship with the tenants, the tenants’ credit quality and expectations of lease renewals.
We will record acquired above-market and below-market leases at their fair values (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) equal to the difference between (1) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to each in-place lease and (2) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for each corresponding in-place lease, measured over a period equal to the remaining term of the lease for above-market leases and the initial term plus the term of any below-market fixed rate renewal options for below-market leases. Other intangible assets acquired include amounts for in-place lease values that are based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. Factors to be considered include estimates of carrying costs during hypothetical expected lease-up periods considering current market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, we include real estate taxes, insurance and other operating expenses and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, depending on local market conditions. In estimating costs to execute similar leases, we consider leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses.
Our management will review our real estate properties for impairment each quarter or when there is an event or change in circumstances that indicates an impaired value. If the carrying amount of the real estate investment is no longer recoverable and exceeds the fair value such investment, an impairment loss is
 
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recognized. The impairment loss is recognized based on the excess of the carrying amount of the asset over its fair value if held for use, or fair value, less cost to sell if classified as held for sale. If our strategy changes or market conditions otherwise dictate an earlier sale date, an impairment loss may be recognized and such loss could be material to our results.
Real Estate Joint Ventures and Partnerships
We will account for our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures under the equity method of accounting. We will apply the equity method by initially recording these investments at cost, as investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. Generally, we would discontinue applying the equity method when the investment (and any advances) is reduced to zero and would not provide for additional losses unless the we have guaranteed obligations of the venture or are otherwise committed to providing further financial support for the investee. If the venture subsequently generates income, we only recognize our share of such income to the extent it exceeds our share of previously unrecognized losses. We expect to classify distributions received from our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures using the nature of the distribution approach.
On a periodic basis, management will assess whether there are any indicators that the value of our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures may be impaired. An investment is impaired only if management’s estimate of the value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment, and such decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss will be measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the value of the investment. Our estimates of value for each investment (particularly in commercial real estate joint ventures) will be based on a number of assumptions that are subject to economic and market uncertainties including, among others, demand for space, competition for tenants, changes in market rental rates, and operating costs. As these factors are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter management’s assumptions, the values estimated by management in its impairment analyses may not be realized, and actual losses or impairment may be realized in the future.
Real Estate Securities
We will classify our real estate securities investments on the date of acquisition of the investment. Real estate securities that we do not hold for the purpose of selling in the near-term, but may dispose of prior to maturity, are designated as available-for-sale and are carried at estimated fair value with the net unrealized gains or losses on all securities, except for Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”) interest-only and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corp (“FHLMC”) interest-only securities (collectively, “Agency interest-only securities”) and equity securities, recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) in shareholders’ equity.
Agency interest-only securities will be considered to be hybrid financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives. As a result, we anticipate accounting for them as hybrid instruments in their entirety at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in earnings in the consolidated statements of income in accordance with ASC Topic 815 — Derivatives and Hedging. Our recognition of interest income from our Agency interest-only securities and all other securities, including effective interest from amortization of premiums, will follow our revenue recognition policy for recognizing interest income on its securities. The interest income recognized from our Agency interest-only securities will be recorded in interest income on the consolidated statements of income. We will use the specific identification method when determining the cost of securities sold and the amount of gain (loss) on securities recognized in earnings. We will account for the changes in the fair value of the unfunded portion of our GNMA securities, which are included in real estate securities, available-for-sale, on the consolidated balance sheet, as available for sale securities. Unrealized losses on securities that, in the judgment of management, are other than temporary will be charged against earnings as a loss in the consolidated statements of income.
Equity securities will be classified as available-for-sale. We may elect the fair market value option for accounting for these equity securities and changes in fair value would be recorded in current period earnings.
When the estimated fair value of an available-for-sale security is less than amortized cost, we will consider whether there is an other-than-temporary impairment in the value of the security.
 
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Mortgage Loan Receivables Held for Investment
Loans for which we have the intention and ability to hold for the foreseeable future, or until maturity or payoff, will be reported at their outstanding principal balances net of any unearned income, unamortized deferred fees or costs, premiums or discounts and an allowance for credit losses. Loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs will be deferred and recognized in interest income over the estimated life of the loans using the effective interest method, adjusted for actual prepayments. Upon the decision to sell such loans, we will transfer the loan from mortgage loan receivables held for investment to mortgage loan receivables held for sale at the lower of carrying value or fair value on the consolidated balance sheets.
Provision for Loan Losses
We will evaluate each loan for impairment at least quarterly. Impairment occurs when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. If the loan is considered to be impaired, an allowance will be recorded to reduce the carrying value of the loan to the present value of the expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate or the fair value of the collateral, less the estimated costs to sell, if recovery of our investment is expected solely from the collateral. We may use the direct capitalization rate valuation methodology or the sales comparison approach to estimate the fair value of the collateral for such loans and in certain cases will obtain external appraisals and take into account potential sale bids. Determining fair value of the collateral may take into account a number of assumptions including, but not limited to, cash flow projections, market capitalization rates, discount rates and data regarding recent comparable sales of similar properties. Such assumptions are generally based on current market conditions and are subject to economic and market uncertainties. We expect to use a credit loss model (“CECL”) for estimating the provision for loan losses on our loan portfolio. The CECL model requires the consideration of possible credit losses over the life of an instrument and includes a portfolio-based component and an asset-specific component.
We anticipate that our loans will be typically collateralized by real estate directly or indirectly. As a result, we will regularly evaluate the extent and impact of any credit deterioration associated with the performance or value of the underlying collateral property as well as the financial and operating capability of the borrower/sponsor on a loan-by-loan basis. Specifically, a property’s operating results and any cash reserves are analyzed and used to assess (i) whether cash flow from operations is sufficient to cover the debt service requirements currently and into the future, (ii) the ability of the borrower to refinance the loan at maturity, and (iii) the property’s liquidation value. We will also evaluate the financial wherewithal of any loan guarantors as well as the borrower’s competency in managing and operating the properties. In addition, we will consider the overall economic environment, real estate sector, and geographic submarket in which the collateral property is located. Such impairment analyses will be completed and reviewed by asset management and underwriting personnel, who utilize various data sources, including (i) periodic financial data such as property occupancy, tenant profile, rental rates, operating expenses, the borrowers’ business plan, and capitalization and discount rates, (ii) site inspections, and (iii) current credit spreads and other market data and ultimately presented to management for approval.
A loan is also considered impaired if its terms are modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”). A TDR occurs when a concession is granted and the debtor is experiencing financial difficulties. Impairments on TDR loans are generally measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate of the original loans. Generally, when granting concessions, we will seek to protect our position by requiring incremental pay downs, additional collateral or guarantees and, in some cases, lookback features or equity interests to offset concessions granted should conditions impacting the loan improve. Our determination of credit losses is impacted by TDRs whereby loans that have gone through TDRs are considered impaired and are assessed for specific reserves. Loans previously restructured under TDRs that subsequently default are reassessed to incorporate our current assumptions on expected cash flows and additional provision expense is recorded to the extent necessary.
We will designate non-accrual loans generally when (i) the principal or coupon interest components of loan payments become 90-days past due or (ii) in our opinion, it is doubtful we will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan. Interest income on non-accrual loans in which we reasonably expect a full recovery of the loan’s outstanding principal balance is recognized when received in cash. Otherwise, income recognition will be suspended and any cash received will be applied as a reduction
 
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to the amortized cost. A non-accrual loan is returned to accrual status at such time as the loan becomes contractually current and future principal and coupon interest are reasonably assured to be received in accordance with the contractual loan terms. A loan will be written off when management has determined it is no longer realizable and deemed non-recoverable.
Derivative Instruments
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to the effect of interest rate changes and may undertake a strategy to limit these risks through the use of derivatives. To address exposure to interest rates, we anticipate using derivatives primarily to economically hedge the fair value variability of fixed rate assets caused by interest rate fluctuations and overall portfolio market risk. We may use a variety of derivative instruments that are considered conventional, or “plain vanilla” derivatives, including interest rate swaps, futures, caps, collars and floors, to manage interest rate risk.
To determine the fair value of derivative instruments, we will use a variety of methods and assumptions that are based on market conditions and risks existing at each balance sheet date. Standard market conventions and techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis, option-pricing models, and termination cost may be used to determine fair value. All such methods of measuring fair value for derivative instruments will result in an estimate of fair value, and such value may never actually be realized.
We will recognize all derivatives on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. We will evaluate whether derivatives as hedges qualify for hedge accounting for financial reporting purposes and therefore any net payments under, or fluctuations in the fair value of, these derivatives will be recognized in net result from derivative transactions in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. We will record derivative asset and liability positions on a gross basis with any collateral posted with or received from counterparties recorded separately on our consolidated balance sheets.
Revenue Recognition
Our expected sources of revenue arising from leasing arrangements and the related revenue recognition policies are as follows:
Rental revenue will consist primarily of base rent arising from tenant operating leases at our properties. Rental revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease, including any rent steps or abatement provisions. We begin to recognize revenue when a tenant takes possession of the leased space. We include its tenant reimbursement income in rental revenue that consist of amounts due from tenants for costs related to common area maintenance, real estate taxes and other recoverable costs included in lease agreements. We recognize acquired in-place “above-” and “below-market” leases at their fair values and the amortization of these leases is recognized over the original term of the respective leases as an adjustment to rental revenue.
We will derive revenue pursuant to lease agreements. At the inception of a contract, we assess whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. At the lease inception, we determine whether each lease is a sales-type, direct financing or operating lease. Such classification is based on whether the lessee gains control of the underlying asset and the lessor therefore relinquishes control to the lessee under certain criteria (sales-type or direct-financing); or all other leases that do not meet the criteria as sales-type or direct financing leases (operating).
Lease revenue (including straight-line lease revenue) is only recognized when deemed probable of collection. Collectability is assessed for each tenant receivable using various criteria including credit ratings , guarantees, past collection issues, and the current economic and business environment affecting the tenant. If collectability of the contractual rent stream is not deemed probable, receivables will be written off through revenue and revenue will only be recognized upon receipt of cash from the tenant.
Interest Income
Income from commercial mortgage loans will consist of income from interest earned and recognized as operating income based upon the principal amount outstanding and the contracted interest rate along with
 
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origination fees. The accrual of interest income on mortgage loans is discontinued when in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due (“nonaccrual mortgage loans”), unless the loan is well-secured and is in the process of collection. Interest income on nonaccrual mortgage loans is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payment are received until the loans are returned to accrual status.
Income Taxes
As a REIT, we will not be subject to federal income tax with respect to the portion of our income that meets certain criteria and is distributed annually to stockholders. We intend to operate in a manner that allows us to meet the requirements for taxation as a REIT. Many of these requirements, however, are highly technical and complex. We will monitor the business and transactions that may potentially impact our REIT status. If we were to fail to meet these requirements, we could be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We would not be able to deduct distributions paid to stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT. We would also be disqualified for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost unless we were entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions.
We may elect to form wholly-owned subsidiaries to function as “taxable REIT subsidiaries.” In general, a taxable REIT subsidiary may perform additional services for our tenants and generally may engage in any real estate or non-real estate-related business other than management or operation of a lodging facility or a health care facility. Taxable REIT subsidiaries are subject to taxation at regular federal corporate tax rates. We account for applicable income taxes by utilizing the asset and liability method. As such, we record deferred tax assets and liabilities for the future tax consequences resulting from the difference between the carrying value of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is provided if we believe all or some portion of the deferred tax asset may not be realized.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
We may be exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of long-term debt used to maintain liquidity, fund capital expenditures and expand our investment portfolio and operations. Market fluctuations in real estate financing may affect the availability and cost of funds needed to expand our investment portfolio. In addition, restrictions upon the availability of real estate financing or high interest rates for real estate loans could adversely affect our ability to dispose of real estate in the future. We will seek to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to changes in interest rates on loans secured by our assets. Also, we will be exposed to both credit risk and market risk.
Credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty will owe us, which creates credit risk for us. If the fair value of a derivative contract is negative, we will owe the counterparty and, therefore, do not have credit risk. We will seek to minimize the credit risk in derivative instruments by entering into transactions with high-quality counterparties.
Market risk is the adverse effect on the value of a financial instrument that results from a change in interest rates. The market risk associated with interest-rate contracts is managed by establishing and monitoring parameters that limit the types and degree of market risk that may be undertaken. With regard to variable rate financing, we will assess our interest rate cash flow risk by continually identifying and monitoring changes in interest rate exposures that may adversely impact expected future cash flows and by evaluating hedging opportunities. We will maintain risk management control systems to monitor interest rate cash flow risk attributable to both our outstanding and forecasted debt obligations as well as our potential offsetting hedge positions. While this hedging strategy will be designed to minimize the impact on our net income and funds from operations from changes in interest rates, the overall returns on your investment may be reduced. Our board of directors has not yet established policies and procedures regarding our use of derivative financial instruments for hedging or other purposes.
 
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PRIOR PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
The information presented in this section presents the historical experience of real estate investment programs (excluding separately managed accounts and co-investment accounts unless otherwise noted) sponsored in the last ten years by BGO and its affiliates. Our structure and investment strategy are different from these prior programs and our performance will depend on factors that may not be applicable to or affect the performance of these other programs. Further, all of the prior programs discussed in this section were conducted through privately-held entities that were not subject to all of the laws and regulations that will apply to us as a publicly offered REIT. Investors should not assume that they will experience returns, if any, that are comparable to those experienced by investors in the prior programs. The Prior Performance Tables included in this prospectus, beginning on page A-1, include further information regarding certain prior programs. References herein to BGO include its affiliates.
Capital Raising
BGO has programs that invest primarily in real property and programs that invest primarily in real estate-related debt. During the ten year period ended December 31, 2022, BGO sponsored 28 real estate programs, consisting of: (1) 19 private programs that invest primarily in real property and (2) nine programs that invest primarily in real estate-related debt. We refer to these 27 programs as the “prior programs.” BGO also raised capital for numerous separately managed accounts and co-investment accounts during this period. In the aggregate, during this period BGO raised approximately $26 billion from approximately 1,000 investors from its prior programs.
Excluded from the prior programs described herein are certain separately managed accounts, funds and joint ventures for which BGO raised capital but did not have discretion over the selection of investments for such accounts, including the Sun Life Financial Inc. General Account, the Adviser’s majority shareholder and a regulated insurance company. Also excluded is the BGO Strategic Capital Partners fund programs and separately managed accounts which BGO acquired in April 2021.
Please see “Appendix A: Prior Performance Tables — Table I” for more detailed information about fund raising for certain prior BGO real estate programs during the three-year period ended December 31, 2022.
Investments
During the ten years ended December 31, 2022, prior BGO real estate programs made investments in approximately 750 real estate properties with an aggregate investment amount of approximately $39 billion, with approximately 9%, 68% and 23% in new, used and construction/development properties, respectively. The table below provides details about the location and aggregate dollar amount of these properties.
​ ​ ​
Property Investments
​
Location
​ ​
Number
​ ​
Cost(*)
​
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(In millions)
​
United States
​ ​ ​ ​ 291 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 18,062 ​ ​
Europe
​ ​ ​ ​ 283 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,663 ​ ​
Asia Pacific
​ ​ ​ ​ 121 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,026 ​ ​
Canada
​ ​ ​ ​ 55 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,690 ​ ​
Total
​ ​ ​ ​ 750 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 39,441 ​ ​
​
(*)
Represents the programs’ equity investments.
​
The table above and the immediately preceding paragraph do not include approximately $4 billion of investments in the prior programs focused on real estate-related debt.
 
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The following table gives a breakdown of the aggregate investments (based on dollar amount of investments) made by the prior BGO real estate programs, categorized by property type, as of December 31, 2022.
Type of Property
​ ​
Total
​
Industrial/Logistics
​ ​ ​ ​ 34% ​ ​
Office
​ ​ ​ ​ 28% ​ ​
Residential
​ ​ ​ ​ 19% ​ ​
Hospitality
​ ​ ​ ​ 5% ​ ​
Retail
​ ​ ​ ​ 5% ​ ​
Mixed Use
​ ​ ​ ​ 1% ​ ​
Other
​ ​ ​ ​ 8% ​ ​
Total
​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
Sales and Dispositions
Approximately 500 investments in real property have been disposed of by BGO real estate prior programs during the 10 years ended December 31, 2022. The aggregate net sales proceeds of such properties was approximately $21 billion and the aggregate original cost was approximately $15 billion.
Please see “Appendix A: Prior Performance Tables — Table III” for information about the operating results of certain BGO real estate prior programs, the offerings of which are open or closed in the five years ended December 31, 2022.
Investment Objectives
We consider a program to have an investment objective similar to that of our real estate portfolio if the program seeks steady income and potential capital appreciation by investing primarily in stabilized and/or substantially stabilized real estate.
We consider a program to have an investment objective similar to that of our real estate-related portfolio if the program invests primarily in liquid public and private real estate-related debt securities, including, but not limited to, CMBS, mortgages, loans, mezzanine or other forms of debt.
Prior Program Summary
Below is a description of all of the BGO real estate prior programs that were in their investment and/or operational phases in the last ten years. As noted under “— Investment Objectives,” not all of the prior programs have investment objectives similar to ours.
Real Property Programs
BGO has sponsored and managed 19 prior programs that invest primarily in real property (in addition to separately managed accounts and co-investment accounts and taking into account any related parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles) during the ten years ended December 31, 2022. Each of these programs primarily made or make control-oriented privately-negotiated real estate-related equity investments.
These 19 programs (including related parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles) are as follows:
•
GreenOak US II (“GO US II”) launched in May 2013 and closed in September 2014 with a total of $756 million of capital commitments. GO US II pursued an investment strategy focused on office, residential, retail and hospitality investments within the United States.
​
•
GreenOak US III (“GO US III”) launched in March 2016 and closed in May 2018 with a total of $1.5 billion of capital commitments. GO US III pursued an investment strategy focused on office, residential, retail and hospitality investments within the United States.
​
 
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•
BentallGreenOak US IV (“GO US IV”) launched in August 2021 and as of December 31, 2022 has closed $351 million of capital commitments and continues to raise capital for the program. GO US IV’s investment strategy is focused on industrial, multifamily and selectively makes the majority of its investments in the United States, although it is permitted to make investments in Canada, subject to investment limitations.
​
•
BentallGreenOak US Cold Storage (“BGO Cold Storage”) launched in January 2021 and closed in February 2022 with a total of approximately $1.2 billion of capital commitments. BGO Cold Storage’s investment strategy is focused on investing in real estate and real estate-related assets related to the temperature-controlled warehouse industry primarily in the United States, although it is permitted to make investments in Canada, subject to investment limitations.
​
•
MC GreenOak Core Plus Fund (“MCGO I”) launched in December 2015 and closed in August 2018 with a total of approximately $200 million of capital commitments. MCGO I pursued an investment strategy focused on “core+” real estate in the office and residential sectors all of which were in the United States.
​
•
BentallGreenOak US Core Plus (“BGO Core Plus”) launched in July 2020 and as of December 31, 2022 has $1 billion of capital commitments. BGO Core Plus invests in “core+” real estate and real estate-related assets in the United States (which are generally substantially stabilized assets generating relatively stable cash flow), with a focus on multifamily and industrial assets in major U.S. markets.
​
•
BentallGreenOak Diversified US Property Fund (“BGO-D”) had a net asset value of $9 billion as of December 31, 2022. BGO-D invests in core real estate and real-estate related assets in the United States.
​
•
GreenOak Japan (“GO Japan”) launched in January 2012 and closed in July 2013 with a total of $260 million of capital commitments. GO Japan pursued an investment strategy focused on office investments in Japan.
​
•
GreenOak Asia II (“GO Asia II”) launched in September 2014 and closed in February 2016 with a total of $654 million of capital commitments. GO Asia II pursued an investment strategy focused on office, residential, logistics and hospitality investments in Japan and Korea.
​
•
GreenOak Asia III (“GO Asia III”) launched in February 2019 and closed in October 2020 with a total of $1.6 billion of capital commitments. GO Asia III pursued an investment strategy focused on office, residential, logistics and hospitality investments in mainly Japan and Korea, although it is permitted to make investments in Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore, subject to investment limitations.
​
•
GreenOak Spain (“GO Spain”) launched in November 2014 and closed in July 2015 with a total of €260 million of capital commitments. GO Spain pursued an investment strategy focused primarily on office and logistics investments in Spain, although it was permitted to make investments in certain other European countries.
​
•
GreenOak Europe II (“GO EU II”) launched in February 2016 and closed in April 2018 with a total of €656 million of capital commitments. GO Europe II pursued an investment strategy focused primarily on office and logistics investments in Spain, Italy, France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
​
•
GreenOak Europe III (“GO EU III”) launched in October 2018 and closed in March 2021 with a total of €1.5 billion of capital commitments. GO Europe III pursued an investment strategy focused primarily on logistics in investments mainly in Spain, Italy, France, Germany as well as other major European economies.
​
•
BentallGreenOak Europe IV (“BGO EU IV”) launched in October 2021 and as of December 31, 2021 has total capital commitments of €1.3 billion of capital commitments and continues to raise capital for the program. GO Europe IV will focus on invests throughout Europe.
​
•
GreenOak Europe Core Plus Logistics I (“GO EUL”) launched in November 2017 and closed in April 2018 with a total of €656 million of capital commitments. GO EUL invested in logistics assets throughout Europe.
​
 
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•
BentallGreenOak Europe Core Plus Logistics (“BGO EUL”) launched in October 2021 and as of December 31, 2021 has a total of €215 million of capital commitments. BGO EUL will invest in logistics assets throughout Europe.
​
•
BentallGreenOak China Real Estate Fund II (“China II”) closed in 2015 with total capital commitments of $262 million. China II pursued an investment strategy focused on real estate and real-estate related investments in Greater China.
​
•
BentallGreenOak China Real Estate Fund III (“China III”) launched in May 2018 and closed in February 2020 with total capital commitments of $205 million. China III pursues an investment strategy focused on real estate and real-estate related investments in Greater China.
​
•
BentallGreenOak Canadian Prime Property Fund (“BGO Prime”) is an opened ended fund with a net asset value of CAD$7.2 billion. BGO Prime invests in a diversified mix of office, industrial, retail, multifamily residential, land and other income-producing properties, which produce stable cash returns, combined with value appreciation potential throughout Canada.
​
Real Estate-Related Debt Programs
BGO has sponsored and managed seven private commercial real estate debt funds (in addition to separately managed accounts and co-investment accounts and taking into account related parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles) during the ten years ended December 31, 2022.
These nine programs (including related parallel funds and alternative investment vehicles) are as follows:
•
GreenOak UK Secured Lending Fund (“GOUKI”) launched in July 2013 and closed in June 2015 £224 million of capital commitments. GOUKI’s investment objective is to originate whole loans secured against commercial real estate in the United Kingdom.
​
•
GreenOak UK Secured Lending Fund II (“GOUKII”) launched in March 2016 and closed in July 2017 with £625 million of capital commitments. GOUKII’s investment objective is to originate whole loans secured against commercial real estate in the United Kingdom.
​
•
GreenOak UK Secured Lending Fund III (“GOUKIII”) launched in April 2020 and has closed commitments as of December 31, 2021 of £975 million of capital commitments and continues to raise capital for the program. GOUKIII’s investment objective is to originate whole loans secured against commercial real estate in the United Kingdom.
​
•
GreenOak Europe Secured Lending Fund (“GOEUSEC”) launched in October 2015 and closed in October 2017 with €698 million of capital commitments. GOEUSEC’s investment objective is to originate loans secured against commercial real estate in the Europe, with a specific focus on Germany, the Netherlands, the Nordics (including Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland) and Ireland.
​
•
GreenOak Europe Secured Lending Fund II (“GOEUSECII”) launched in October 2015 and closed in October 2017 with €1.1 billion of capital commitments. GOEUSEC’s investment objective is to originate loans secured against commercial real estate in Europe, with a specific focus on Germany, the Netherlands, the Nordics (including Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland) and Ireland.
​
•
BentallGreenOak Europe Secured Lending Fund III (“BGOEUSECIII”) launched in June 2022 with €1.3 billion of capital commitments closed through December 31, 2022. BGOEUSECIII’s investment objective is to originate loans secured against commercial real estate in Europe, with a specific focus on Germany, the Netherlands, the Nordics (including Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland) and Ireland.
​
•
BentallGreenOak High Yield Canadian Property Fund I (“BGO High Yield”) was closed launched in October 2016 with a final closing in July 2017 of CAD$330.6 million of capital commitments. BGO High Yield’s investment objective includes investing in direct investments in, or loans secured against, real property in Canada.
​
•
GreenOak Europe Tactical Lending Fund (“GOTactical”) launched in December 2018 and closed in December 2019 with €231.4 million of capital commitments. GOTactical’s investment objective is to
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originate loans secured against commercial real estate in Europe, with a specific focus on Germany, the Netherlands, the Nordics (including Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland) and Ireland.
•
BentallGreenOak US Lending LP (“BGO US Lending”) held its first closings in November and December 2022 with $165 million of capital commitments closed. BGO US Lending’s investment objective is to invest and originate a portfolio of whole loans and mezzanine loans secured by commercial real estate assets in primary and secondary U.S. markets.
​
Material Adverse Developments on Prior Programs
BGO has sponsored and managed real estate private funds through various economic cycles and through periods of disruption, including most recently, the COVID-19 pandemic. Adverse business developments in prior programs were generally the result of broader economic distress and, in most cases, were, or are expected to be temporary in nature. The recent global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted global commercial activity and has contributed to significant volatility in financial markets. As such, the COVID-19 pandemic presents material uncertainty and risk with respect to the performance and financial results of certain BGO programs.
Additionally, the real estate programs have from time to time realized losses on certain investments, had tenants file for protection from creditors under the bankruptcy code, tenants vacate facilities prior to or at the end of, or cease operations during, a lease term, and litigation with tenants involving lease defaults and sales of properties. These developments caused a reduction in cash flow and an increase in administrative expenses during certain periods.
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, one prior program gave back to a lender via a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure one property, resulting in a loss of $50 million. The property was in retail and most of the loss was a result of conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.
During the 10-year period ended December 31, 2022, BGO-D and BGO Prime made partial redemption payouts based on investors’ withdrawal requests. At no time during that period were the redemption provisions of these programs fully closed. BGO-D and Canadian Prime have different liquidity provisions/repurchase programs than our company.
 
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STOCK OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT
The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, information regarding the number and percentage of shares of our common stock owned by each director, our named executive officers, all directors and executive officers as a group, and any person known to us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of outstanding shares of our common stock. Beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and includes securities that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days. The address for each of the persons named below is in care of our principal executive offices at 399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10022.
Name of Beneficial Owner
​ ​
Number of Shares
Beneficially
Owned
​ ​
Percent of Shares
Beneficially
Owned
​
Directors and Named Executive Officers: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
John Carrafiell
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
Michael Glimcher
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
Lori Biancamano
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
Matthew Gorman
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
Matthew Campbell
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
Edgar Alvarado
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
Timothy Callahan
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
Lizanne Galbreath
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
All current executive officers and directors as a group
(8 persons)
​ ​ ​ ​ 0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0% ​ ​
5% Stockholders ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership
​ ​ ​ ​ 200,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100% ​ ​
 
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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
We were formed under the laws of the State of Maryland. The rights of our stockholders are governed by Maryland law as well as our charter and bylaws. The following summary of the terms of our stock is a summary of all material provisions concerning our stock and you should refer to the MGCL and our charter and bylaws. The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information contained in our charter and bylaws. Copies of our charter and bylaws are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. You can obtain copies of our charter and bylaws and every other exhibit to our registration statement. See the “Where You Can Find More Information; Incorporation by Reference” section below.
Under our charter, we have authority to issue a total of 3,100,000,000 shares of capital stock. Of the total shares of stock authorized, 3,000,000,000 shares are classified as common stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class T shares, 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class S shares, 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class D shares, 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class I shares, 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class E shares, and 100,000,000 shares are classified as preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. In addition, our board of directors may amend our charter from time to time, without stockholder approval, to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue.
Common Stock
Subject to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock set forth in our charter and except as may otherwise be specified in our charter, the holders of common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters voted on by stockholders, including election of our directors. Our charter does not provide for cumulative voting in the election of our directors. Consistent with the NASAA guidelines, our bylaws provide that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect our entire board of directors. Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding class or series of shares of stock and to the provisions in our charter regarding the restriction on ownership and transfer of stock, the holders of common stock are entitled to such distributions as may be authorized from time to time by our board of directors (or a committee of the board of directors) and declared by us out of legally available funds and, upon liquidation, are entitled to receive all assets available for distribution to our stockholders. Upon issuance for full payment in accordance with the terms of this offering, all shares of our common stock issued in the offering will be fully paid and non-assessable. Holders of common stock will not have preemptive rights, which means that you will not have an automatic option to purchase any new shares of stock that we issue.
Our charter also contains a provision permitting our board of directors, without any action by our stockholders, to classify or reclassify any unissued common stock into one or more classes or series by setting or changing the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of repurchase of any new class or series of shares of stock.
We will generally not issue certificates for shares of our common stock. Shares of our common stock will be held in “uncertificated” form, which will eliminate the physical handling and safekeeping responsibilities inherent in owning transferable stock certificates and eliminate the need to return a duly executed stock certificate to effect a transfer. SS&C acts as our registrar and as the transfer agent for our shares. Transfers can be effected simply by mailing to our transfer agent a transfer and assignment form, which we will provide to you at no charge upon written request.
Class T Shares
Each Class T share issued in the primary offering will be subject to an upfront selling commission of up to 3.0%, and an upfront dealer manager fee of 0.5%, of the transaction price of each Class T share sold in the offering on the date of the purchase, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price. The Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers.
 
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We will pay the Dealer Manager selling commissions over time as a stockholder servicing fee with respect to our outstanding Class T shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class T shares. For each Class T share, this stockholder servicing fee consists of an advisor stockholder servicing fee and a dealer stockholder servicing fee. We expect that generally the advisor stockholder servicing fee will equal 0.65% per annum and the dealer stockholder servicing fee will equal 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV for each Class T share. However, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the advisor stockholder servicing fee and the dealer stockholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares. The stockholder servicing fees will be paid monthly in arrears. The Dealer Manager will reallow (pay) all or a portion of the stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and will waive stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services.
The upfront selling commission and dealer manager fee will not be payable in respect of any Class T shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, but such shares will be charged the stockholder servicing fee payable with respect to all our outstanding Class T shares.
We will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee with respect to any Class T share held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to the shares held by such stockholder within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% (or a lower limit as set forth in the applicable agreement between the Dealer Manager and a participating broker-dealer at the time such Class T shares were issued) of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan with respect thereto). At the end of such month, such Class T share will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares) with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share. Although we cannot predict the length of time over which the stockholder servicing fee will be paid due to potential changes in the NAV of our shares, this fee would be paid with respect to a Class T share (in the case of a limit of 8.75% of gross proceeds) over approximately 7 years from the date of purchase, assuming payment of the full upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, opting out of the distribution reinvestment plan and a constant NAV of $10.00 per share. Under these assumptions, if a stockholder holds his or her shares for this time period, this fee with respect to a Class T share would total approximately $0.56.
Class S Shares
Each Class S share issued in the primary offering will be subject to an upfront selling commission of up to 3.5% of the transaction price of each Class S share sold in the offering on the date of the purchase. The Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the upfront selling commissions will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers. No upfront dealer manager fees are paid for sales of any Class S shares.
We will pay the Dealer Manager selling commissions over time as a stockholder servicing fee with respect to our outstanding Class S shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class S shares. The stockholder servicing fees will be paid monthly in arrears. The Dealer Manager will reallow (pay) all or a portion of the stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and will waive stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services.
The upfront selling commission will not be payable in respect of any Class S shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, but such shares will be charged the stockholder servicing fee payable with respect to all our outstanding Class S shares.
We will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee with respect to any Class S share held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total upfront selling commissions and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to the shares held by such stockholder within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan with respect thereto). At the end of such month, such Class S share will convert into a
 
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number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares) with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share. Although we cannot predict the length of time over which the stockholder servicing fee will be paid due to potential changes in the NAV of our shares, this fee would be paid with respect to a Class S share over approximately 7 years from the date of purchase, assuming payment of the full upfront selling commissions, opting out of the distribution reinvestment plan and a constant NAV of $10.00 per share. Under these assumptions, if a stockholder holds his or her shares for this time period, this fee with respect to a Class S share would total approximately $0.74.
Class D Shares
Each Class D share issued in the primary offering will be subject to an upfront selling commission of up to 1.5% of the transaction price of each Class D share sold in the offering on the date of the purchase. The Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the upfront selling commissions will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers. No upfront dealer manager fees are paid for sales of any Class D shares.
We will pay the Dealer Manager selling commissions over time as a stockholder servicing fee with respect to our outstanding Class D shares equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of all our outstanding Class D shares, including any Class D shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. The stockholder servicing fees are paid monthly in arrears. The Dealer Manager will reallow (pay) all or a portion of the stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and will waive stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services.
No upfront selling commissions are payable in respect of any Class D shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, but such shares will be charged the stockholder servicing fee payable with respect to all our outstanding Class D shares.
Class D shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class D shares, (2) through participating broker-dealers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class D shares, (3) through transaction/brokerage platforms at participating broker-dealers, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) through bank trust departments or any other organization or person authorized to act in a fiduciary capacity for its clients or customers or (6) by other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus.
We will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee with respect to any Class D share held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total upfront selling commissions and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to the shares held by such stockholder within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan with respect thereto). At the end of such month, such Class D share will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares) with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share. Although we cannot predict the length of time over which the stockholder servicing fee will be paid due to potential changes in the NAV of our shares, this fee would be paid with respect to a Class D share over approximately 30 years from the date of purchase, assuming opting out of the distribution reinvestment plan and a constant NAV of $10.00 per share. Under these assumptions, if a stockholder holds his or her shares for this time period, this fee with respect to a Class D share would total approximately $0.74.
Class I Shares
No upfront selling commissions or dealer manager fees or stockholder servicing fees will be paid for sales of any Class I shares.
Class I shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class I shares, (2) by endowments, foundations, pension funds and other institutional investors, (3) through participating broker-dealers that have alternative fee
 
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arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class I shares, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) by our executive officers and directors and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of the Adviser, BGO or other affiliates and their immediate family members, and joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers (6) by Other BGO Accounts or (7) by other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. In certain cases, where a holder of Class S, Class T or Class D shares exits a relationship with a participating broker-dealer for this offering and does not enter into a new relationship with a participating broker-dealer for this offering, such holder’s shares may be exchanged into an equivalent NAV amount of Class I shares.
Class E Shares
No upfront selling commissions or dealer manager fees or stockholder servicing fees will be paid for sales of any Class E shares. In addition, we do not pay the Adviser a management fee with respect to the Class E shares.
Class E shares are available for purchase through a private offering only by (i) our officers and directors, (ii) affiliates or employees of BGO, (iii) Other BGO Accounts and (iv) Sun Life or its affiliates in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition.
Sun Life Repurchase Rights
The Class E units issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition are not eligible for repurchase pursuant to the share repurchase plan adopted by our board of directors in connection with this offering and will only be eligible for repurchase by us following the earlier of (i) the first date that our NAV reaches $1.5 billion and (ii) the date that is the third anniversary of the date of this prospectus. Following such period, Sun Life may request that we repurchase such Class E units on a monthly basis, at a price per unit equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit as of the repurchase date.
The aggregate amount of Class E units that we are required to repurchase from Sun Life in any month will be limited to an amount not to exceed 25% of the amount by which net proceeds from this offering and any private offering of our common stock for a given month exceed the amount of repurchases for such month pursuant to our share repurchase plan. In addition, we will not repurchase any Class E units from Sun Life during any period that the full amount of all shares of our common stock requested to be repurchased under our share repurchase plan are not repurchased or our share repurchase plan has been suspended.
However, the Class E shares issued to our independent directors in connection with their compensation are eligible for repurchase pursuant to our share repurchase plan.
Other Terms of Common Stock
If not already converted into Class I shares upon a determination that total upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to such shares would exceed the applicable limit as described in the “— Class T Shares,” “— Class S Shares” and “— Class D Shares” sections above, each Class T share, Class S share, Class E share and Class D share (including any fractional share) held in a stockholder’s account will automatically and without any action on the part of the holder thereof convert into a number of Class I shares (or fraction thereof) with an equivalent NAV as such share on the earliest of (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) after termination of the primary portion of the offering in which such Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares were sold, the end of the month in which we, with the assistance of the Dealer Manager, determine that all underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with the offering, including upfront selling commissions, the stockholder servicing fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds of the primary portion of the offering. In addition, immediately before any liquidation, dissolution or winding up, each Class T share, Class S share, Class E share and Class D share (including any fractional share) will automatically convert into a number of Class I shares (or fraction thereof) with an equivalent NAV as such share.
Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to designate and issue one or more classes or series of preferred stock without stockholder approval, and to establish the preferences, conversion or other rights,
 
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voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of repurchase of each class or series of preferred stock so issued. Because our board of directors has the power to establish the preferences and rights of each class or series of preferred stock, it may afford the holders of any series or class of preferred stock preferences, powers and rights senior to the rights of holders of common stock.
However, the voting rights per share of any series or class of preferred stock sold in a private offering may not exceed voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held share as the consideration paid to us for each privately-held preferred share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held share. If we ever created and issued preferred stock with a distribution preference over common stock, payment of any distribution preferences of outstanding preferred stock would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on the common stock. Further, holders of preferred stock are normally entitled to receive a liquidation preference in the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind up before any payment is made to the common stockholders, likely reducing the amount common stockholders would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred stock may render more difficult or tend to discourage a merger, offer or proxy contest, the assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our securities, or the removal of incumbent management. Our board of directors has no present plans to issue any preferred stock, but may do so at any time in the future without stockholder approval.
Meetings and Special Voting Requirements
An annual meeting of the stockholders will be held each year, commencing in 2024, upon reasonable notice to our stockholders, but no sooner than 30 days after delivery of our annual report to stockholders. Special meetings of stockholders may be called only upon the request of a majority of our directors, a majority of our independent directors or our chief executive officer, president or chairperson of the board of directors and must be called by our secretary to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of stockholders upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast at least 10% of the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at the meeting. Upon receipt of a written request stating the purpose of any such special meeting, our secretary will provide a written notice to our stockholders within 10 days of receipt of such written request, stating the purpose of the meeting and setting a meeting date not less than 15 nor more than 60 days after the delivery of such notice. The presence either in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at the meeting on any matter will constitute a quorum. Generally, the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes cast is necessary to take stockholder action, except as described in the next paragraph and except that the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares represented in person or by proxy at a meeting at which a quorum is present is required to elect a director.
Under the MGCL and our charter, stockholders generally are entitled to vote at a duly held meeting at which a quorum is present on (1) amendments to our charter, (2) our liquidation and dissolution, (3) a merger, consolidation, conversion, statutory share exchange or sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets, (4) election or removal of our directors, and (5) such other matters that our board of directors have declared advisable and directed that the matter be submitted to our stockholders for approval or ratification. Except with respect to the election of directors or as otherwise provided in the MGCL or our charter, the vote of stockholders holding a majority of the outstanding shares of our stock entitled to vote is required to approve any such action, and no such action can be taken by our board of directors without such majority vote of our stockholders. In addition, although the NASAA REIT Guidelines indicate that stockholders are permitted to amend our charter or dissolve us without the necessity for concurrence by our board of directors, we are required to comply with the MGCL, which provides that any amendment to our charter or any dissolution of our company must first be declared advisable by our board of directors. Therefore, except with respect to the election or removal of our directors, prior to a stockholder vote, our board of directors must first adopt a resolution that the proposed action is advisable and directing the matter to be submitted to the stockholders. Accordingly, the only proposals to amend our charter or to dissolve our company that will be presented to our stockholders will be those that have been declared advisable by our board of directors. Stockholders are not entitled to exercise any of the rights of an objecting stockholder provided for in Title 3, Subtitle 2 or Title 3, Subtitle 7 of the MGCL unless our board of directors determines that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions
 
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occurring after the date of the determination in connection with which stockholders would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights. Stockholders have the power, without the concurrence of the directors, to remove a director from our board of directors with or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.
Stockholders are entitled to receive a copy of our stockholder list upon request. The list provided by us will include each stockholder’s name, address and telephone number and number of shares of stock owned by each stockholder and will be sent within 10 days of our receipt of the request. The stockholder list will be maintained as part of our books and records and will be available for inspection by any stockholder or the stockholder’s designated agent at our corporate offices upon the request of a stockholder. The stockholder list will be updated at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein. The copy of the stockholder list will be printed in alphabetical order, on white paper, and in a readily readable type size (in no event smaller than ten-point type). A stockholder requesting a list will be required to pay reasonable costs of postage and duplication. The purposes for which a stockholder may request a copy of the stockholder list include, but are not limited to, matters relating to stockholders’ voting rights, the exercise of stockholder rights under federal proxy laws and any other proper purpose. If the Adviser or our board of directors neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of our stockholder list as requested, the Adviser and/or our board of directors, as the case may be, will be liable to any stockholder requesting our stockholder list for the costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by that stockholder for compelling the production of our stockholder list, and for actual damages suffered by any such stockholder by reason of such refusal or neglect. It will be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of our stockholder list is to secure such list or other information for the purpose of selling our stockholder list or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a stockholder relative to our affairs. We have the right to request that a requesting stockholder represent to us that the list will not be used to pursue commercial interests unrelated to such stockholder’s interest in us. The remedies provided by our charter to stockholders requesting copies of our stockholder list are in addition to, and will not in any way limit, other remedies available to stockholders under federal law, or the laws of any state.
In addition to the foregoing, stockholders have rights under Rule 14a-7 under the Exchange Act, which provides that, upon the request of a stockholder and the payment of the expenses of the distribution, we are required to distribute specific materials to stockholders in the context of the solicitation of proxies by a stockholder for voting on matters presented to stockholders or, at our option, provide requesting stockholders with a copy of the list of stockholders so that the requesting stockholder may make the distribution of such materials.
Furthermore, pursuant to our charter, any stockholder and any designated representative thereof will be permitted access to our corporate records to which such stockholder is entitled under applicable law at all reasonable times, and may inspect and copy any of them for a reasonable charge. Under Maryland law, stockholders are entitled to inspect and copy only our bylaws, minutes of stockholder proceedings, annual statements of affairs, voting trust agreements and statements of stock and securities issued by us during the period specified by the requesting stockholder, which period may not be longer than 12 months prior to the date of the stockholder’s request. Additionally, one or more persons, who for at least six months have held at least 5% of the shares of any class, are entitled to inspect the “books of account” of a Maryland corporation. Because our stockholders are entitled to inspect only those corporate records that stockholders are entitled to inspect and copy under Maryland law, our stockholders will not be entitled to inspect and copy the minutes of the meetings of our board of directors, which are records that certain states other than Maryland allow corporate stockholders to inspect and copy. Requests to inspect and/or copy our corporate records must be made in writing to: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., 399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 1022. It is the policy of our board of directors to comply with all proper requests for access to our corporate records in conformity with our charter and Maryland law.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
Our charter contains restrictions on the number of shares of our stock that a person or group may own. No person or group may acquire or hold, directly or indirectly through application of constructive ownership rules, in excess of 9.9% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our
 
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outstanding common stock or 9.9% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding stock of all classes or series unless they receive an exemption (prospectively or retroactively) from our board of directors.
Subject to certain limitations, our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt a person prospectively or retroactively from, or modify, these limits, subject to such terms, conditions, representations and undertakings as required by our charter and as our board of directors may determine. Our board of directors has granted limited exemptions to certain persons who directly or indirectly own our stock, including directors, officers and stockholders controlled by them or trusts for the benefit of their families.
Our charter further prohibits any person from beneficially or constructively owning shares of our stock that would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT and any person from transferring shares of our stock if the transfer would result in our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons. Any person who acquires or intends to acquire shares of our stock that may violate any of these restrictions, or who is the intended transferee of shares of our stock which are transferred to the trust, as described below, is required to give us immediate written notice, or in the case of a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least 15 days prior written notice, and provide us with such information as we may request in order to determine the effect of the transfer on our status as a REIT. The above restrictions will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with such restrictions is no longer required for us to qualify as a REIT.
Any attempted transfer of our stock which, if effective, would result in violation of the above limitations, except for a transfer which results in shares being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons, in which case such transfer will be void and of no force and effect and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares, will cause the number of shares causing the violation, rounded to the nearest whole share, to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries designated by us and the proposed transferee will not acquire any rights in the shares. The automatic transfer will be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day, as defined in our charter, prior to the date of the transfer. Shares of our stock held in the trust will be issued and outstanding shares. The proposed transferee will not benefit economically from ownership of any shares of stock held in the trust, will have no rights to dividends and no rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares of stock held in the trust. The trustee of the trust will have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held in the trust. These rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiaries. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to our discovery that shares of stock have been transferred to the trust will be paid by the recipient to the trustee upon demand. Any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. Any dividend or distribution paid to the trustee will be held in trust for the charitable beneficiaries. Subject to Maryland law, the trustee will have the authority to rescind as void any vote cast by the proposed transferee prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trust and to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable beneficiaries. However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee will not have the authority to rescind and recast the vote.
Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee will sell the shares to a person designated by the trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above ownership limitations. Upon the sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiaries in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee and to the charitable beneficiaries as follows. The proposed transferee will receive the lesser of (i) the price paid by the proposed transferee for the shares or, if the proposed transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the trust, such as a gift, devise or other similar transaction, the market price, as defined in our charter, of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the trust and (ii) the price per share received by the trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares. The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the proposed transferee by the amount of dividends and other distributions which have been paid to the proposed transferee and are owed by the proposed transferor to the transferee. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable per share to the proposed transferee will be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiaries. If, prior to our discovery that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the shares are sold by the proposed
 
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transferee, then the shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and, to the extent that the proposed transferee received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount he was entitled to receive, the excess will be paid to the trustee upon demand.
In addition, shares of our stock held in the trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the trust, or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of the devise or gift and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer. We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiaries in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee. We may reduce the amount payable to the proposed transferee by the amount of dividends and other distributions which have been paid to the proposed transferor and are owed to the proposed transferor to the trustee. We may pay the amount of such reduction to the trustee for the benefit of the charitable beneficiaries.
If the transfer to the trust as described above is not automatically effective for any reason to prevent violation of the above limitations or our failing to qualify as a REIT, then the transfer of the number of shares that otherwise cause any person to violate the above limitations will be void and the intended transferee will acquire no rights in such shares.
All certificates, if any, representing shares of our stock issued in the future will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
Every owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our stock during any taxable year, or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder or as otherwise required by our board of directors, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, is required to give us written notice, stating his or her name and address, the number of shares of each class and series of our stock which he or she beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each such owner will provide us with such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of its beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limits. In addition, each stockholder shall, upon demand, be required to provide us with such information as we may request in good faith in order to determine our status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.
Any subsequent transferee to whom you transfer any of your shares of our stock must also comply with the suitability standards we have established for our stockholders. See the “Suitability Standards” section of this prospectus.
Distribution Policy
We intend to declare distributions based on record dates established by our board of directors and to pay such distributions on a monthly basis commencing with the first full calendar quarter after the commencement of this offering. Our distribution policy will be set by our board of directors and is subject to change based on available cash flows. We cannot guarantee the amount of distributions paid, if any. You will not be entitled to receive a distribution if your shares are repurchased prior to the applicable time of the record date. In connection with a distribution to our stockholders, our board of directors approves a monthly distribution for a certain dollar amount per share for each class of our common stock.
Distributions will be made on all classes of our common stock at the same time. The per share amount of distributions on Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class E shares and Class I shares will likely differ because of different class-specific stockholder servicing fees that are deducted from the gross distributions for each share class. We expect to use the “record share” method of determining the per share amount of distributions on Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares, although our board of directors may choose any other method. The “record share” method is one of several distribution calculation methods for multiple-class funds recommended, but not required, by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Under this method, the amount to be distributed on shares of our common stock will be increased by the sum of all class-specific stockholder servicing fees for such period. Such amount will be divided by the number of shares of our common stock outstanding on the record date. Such per
 
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share amount will be reduced for each class of common stock by the per share amount of any class-specific stockholder servicing fees allocable to such class.
To qualify to be taxed as a REIT, we are required to pay distributions sufficient to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT for tax purposes. We intend to distribute sufficient income so that we satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT. In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders. See the “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of REITs in General — Requirements for Qualification as a REIT” and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Annual Distribution Requirements Applicable to REITs” sections of this prospectus. Generally, income distributed to stockholders will not be taxable to us under the Code if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends-paid deduction and excluding net capital gains.
Distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board of directors, in accordance with our earnings, cash flows and general financial condition. Our board of directors’ discretion is directed, in substantial part, by its obligation to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements. Because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year, distributions may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period but may be made in anticipation of cash flows which we expect to receive during a later quarter and may be made in advance of actual receipt of funds in an attempt to make distributions relatively uniform. Due to these timing differences, we may be required to borrow money, use proceeds from the issuance of securities (in this offering or subsequent offerings, if any) or sell assets in order to distribute amounts sufficient to satisfy the requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income in order to qualify as a REIT. We have not established any limit on the amount of proceeds from this offering that may be used to fund distributions other than those limits imposed by our organizational documents and Maryland law. See the “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” section of this prospectus for information concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of distributions paid by us.
In addition, under Maryland law, a dividend may not be declared if, after giving effect to its the payment, the corporation would not be able to pay its debts as they become due in normal course or if its assets would not exceed its liabilities.
There is no assurance we will pay distributions in any particular amount, if at all. We may fund any distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of or repayments under our assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources. The extent to which we fund distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan, the extent to which the Adviser elects to receive its management fee in Class I shares or Class I units and the Special Limited Partner elects to receive distributions on its performance participation interest in Class I units or Class E units, how quickly we invest the proceeds from this and any future offering and the performance of our investments, including our real estate debt portfolio. Funding distributions from borrowings, offering proceeds, the sale of our assets, and repayments of our real estate debt investments will result in us having less funds available to acquire properties or other real estate-related investments. As a result, the return you realize on your investment may be reduced. Doing so may also negatively impact our ability to generate cash flows. Likewise, funding distributions from the sale of additional securities will dilute your interest in us on a percentage basis and may impact the value of your investment especially if we sell these securities at prices less than the price you paid for your shares. We believe the likelihood that we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will be higher in the early stages of the offering.
Under the MGCL, our board of directors may delegate to a committee of directors the power to fix the amount and other terms of a distribution. In addition, if our board of directors gives general authorization for a distribution and provides for or establishes a method or procedure for determining the maximum amount of the distribution, our board of directors may delegate to one of our officers the power, in accordance with the general authorization, to fix the amount and other terms of the distribution.
 
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Distributions in kind will not be permitted, except for distributions of readily marketable securities, distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for our dissolution and the liquidation of our assets in accordance with the terms of our charter or distributions in which (a) our board of directors advises each stockholder of the risks associated with direct ownership of the property, (b) our board of directors offers each stockholder the election of receiving such in-kind distributions, and (c) in-kind distributions are made only to those stockholders that accept such offer. Our stockholders who receive distributions in kind of marketable securities may incur transaction expenses in liquidating the securities.
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan. Holders of shares of our common stock will have the cash distributions attributable to the shares they own reinvested in additional shares; provided, however, that clients of certain participating broker-dealers that do not permit automatic enrollment in our distribution reinvestment plan and stockholder that are residents of certain states that do not permit automatic enrollment in our distribution reinvestment plan will automatically receive their distributions in cash unless they elect to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan. Any cash distributions attributable to the shares of our common stock owned by participants in the distribution reinvestment plan will be immediately reinvested in additional shares of the same class on behalf of the participants on the business day such distribution would have been paid to such stockholder. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” for information concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences of participating in the distribution reinvestment plan.
The per share purchase price for shares of our common stock purchased pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the transaction price for the applicable class of shares at the time the distribution is payable. Stockholders will not pay upfront selling commissions or dealer manager fees when purchasing shares of our common stock pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan. The stockholder servicing fees with respect to our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares are calculated based on our NAV for those shares and may reduce the NAV or, alternatively, the distributions payable with respect to shares of each such class, including shares issued in respect of distributions on such shares under the distribution reinvestment plan. Shares acquired under the distribution reinvestment plan will entitle the participant to the same rights and be treated in the same manner as shares purchased in this offering.
We reserve the right to amend any aspect of our distribution reinvestment plan without the consent of our stockholders, provided that notice of any material amendment is sent to participants at least ten business days prior to the effective date of that amendment. In addition, we may suspend or terminate the distribution reinvestment plan for any reason at any time upon ten business days’ prior written notice to participants. A stockholder’s participation in the distribution reinvestment plan will be terminated to the extent that a reinvestment of such stockholder’s distributions would cause the percentage ownership or other limitations contained in our charter to be violated. Participants may terminate their participation in the distribution reinvestment plan with ten business days’ prior written notice to us.
Account Statements
Our transfer agent will provide on a quarterly basis to each participant in the distribution reinvestment plan a statement of account describing, as to such participant, (1) the distributions reinvested during the quarter, (2) the number of shares of our common stock purchased during the quarter, (3) the per share purchase price for such shares and (4) the total number of shares of common stock purchased on behalf of the participant under the plan. On an annual basis, tax information with respect to income earned on shares under the distribution reinvestment plan for the calendar year will be provided to each applicable participant.
Restrictions on Roll-Up Transactions
In accordance with our charter, in connection with any proposed transaction considered a “Roll-up Transaction” involving us and the issuance of securities of an entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of the Roll-up Transaction, an appraisal of all of our assets must be obtained from a competent independent appraiser. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of the roll-up entity, the appraisal must be filed with the SEC and the states. The assets will
 
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be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal will be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and must indicate the value of the assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed Roll-up Transaction. The appraisal will assume an orderly liquidation of assets over a 12-month period. The terms of the engagement of the independent appraiser must clearly state that the engagement is for our benefit and the benefit of our stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, will be included in a report to stockholders in connection with any proposed Roll-up Transaction.
A “Roll-up Transaction” is a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation, directly or indirectly, of us and the issuance of securities of another entity, or a “Roll-up Entity,” that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of such transaction. The term Roll-up Transaction does not include:
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a transaction involving our securities that have been for at least 12 months listed on a national securities exchange; or
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a transaction involving our conversion to a corporate, trust, or association form if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following: stockholder voting rights; the term of our existence; compensation to the Adviser; or our investment objectives.
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In connection with a proposed Roll-up Transaction, the person sponsoring the Roll-up Transaction must offer to common stockholders who vote “against” the Roll-up Transaction the choice of:
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accepting the securities of a Roll-up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-up Transaction; or
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one of the following:
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remaining as holders of our stock and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or
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receiving cash in an amount equal to the stockholder’s pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets.
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We are prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-up Transaction:
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that would result in the common stockholders having democracy rights in a Roll-up Entity that are less than those provided in our charter and bylaws and described elsewhere in this prospectus, including rights with respect to the election of directors, the removal of the Adviser, the directors or any of their affiliates, any transaction between the Company and the Adviser, the directors or any of their affiliates, annual reports, annual and special meetings, amendment of our charter, and our dissolution;
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that includes provisions that would operate to materially impede or frustrate the accumulation of shares of stock by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-up Entity, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-up Entity, or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-up Entity on the basis of the number of shares of stock held by that investor;
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in which investor’s rights to access of records of the Roll-up Entity will be less than those provided in the “— Meetings and Special Voting Requirements” section above; or
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in which any of the costs of the Roll-up Transaction would be borne by us if the Roll-up Transaction is rejected by our common stockholders.
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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following description of the terms of certain provisions of Maryland law and our charter and bylaws is only a summary. For a complete description, we refer you to the MGCL, our charter and our bylaws. We have filed our charter and bylaws as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Business Combinations
Under the MGCL, business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
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any person (other than the corporation or any subsidiary) who beneficially owns, directly or indirectly, 10.0% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock after the date on which the corporation had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock; or
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an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question and after the date on which the corporation had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock, was the beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, of 10.0% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation.
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A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which he otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors.
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
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80.0% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and
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two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares of stock held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.
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These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if, among other things, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under the MGCL, for their shares of our common stock and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder.
The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Our board of directors has adopted a resolution providing that any business combination (as defined in Section 3-601(e) of the MGCL) between us or any subsidiary and any other person, including BGO, the Dealer Manager and the Adviser, is exempted from this statute, provided that such business combination is first approved by our board of directors. This resolution, however, may be altered or repealed in whole or in part at any time. If this resolution is repealed or our board of directors fails to first approve the business combination, the statute may discourage others from trying to acquire control of us and increase the difficulty of consummating any offer.
Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that a holder of control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition has no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of stockholders entitled to cast two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares of stock owned by the acquiror, by officers or by employees who are directors of the corporation are excluded from shares of stock entitled to vote on
 
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the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
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one-tenth or more but less than one-third;
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one-third or more but less than a majority; or
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a majority or more of all voting power.
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Control shares do not include shares of stock the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval or shares acquired directly from the corporation. A control share acquisition means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares of stock. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders’ meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares of stock are considered and not approved or, if no such meeting is held, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders’ meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares of stock entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares of stock as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (1) to shares of stock acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction, or (2) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions of our stock by any person. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
Subtitle 8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act, and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:
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a classified board of directors;
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a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;
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a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors;
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a requirement that a vacancy on the board of directors be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and
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a majority requirement for the calling of a stockholder-requested special meeting of stockholders.
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Pursuant to our charter, we have elected that vacancies on our board of directors be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred.
 
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Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships, provided that the number is not less than three. We have not elected to be subject to any of the other provisions of Subtitle 8.
Vacancies on Board of Directors; Removal of Directors
Any vacancy on our board of directors may be filled only by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum. Any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies. Our independent directors will choose the nominees to fill vacancies in our independent director positions.
Any director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause by our stockholders upon the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. The notice of any special meeting called for the purpose of the proposed removal will indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director will be removed.
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by our stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of our board of directors or (3) by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the record date set by our board of directors for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting, at the time of giving the advance notice required by the bylaws and at the time of the meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof), who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual nominated or on such other business and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of the bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors at a special meeting may be made only (1) by or at the direction of our board of directors or (2) provided that the meeting has been called for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record at the record date set by our board of directors for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to vote at the special meeting, at the time of giving the advance notice required by the bylaws and at the time of the meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof), who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual nominated and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.
Tender Offers
Our charter provides that any tender offer made by any person, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with the provisions of Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, including the notice and disclosure requirements. Among other things, the offeror must provide us notice of such tender offer at least ten business days before initiating the tender offer. If a person makes a tender offer that does not comply with such provisions, we may elect to grant tendering stockholders a rescission right with respect to their tendered shares. In addition, the non-complying offeror will be responsible for all of our expenses in connection with that offeror’s noncompliance.
Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of our Charter and Bylaws
The business combination provisions and the control share acquisition provisions of Maryland law, the provision of our charter electing to be subject to a provision of Subtitle 8, the Adviser’s right to designate for nomination two directors and the requirement for the board of directors to consult with the Adviser under certain circumstances involving directors and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws and the restrictions upon the ownership and transfer of our stock included in our charter could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for stockholders or otherwise be in their best interests.
 
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Determinations by Our Board of Directors
Our charter contains a provision that clarifies the authority of our board of directors to manage our business and affairs. This provision enumerates certain matters and states that the determination as to any such enumerated matters made by or pursuant to the direction of our board of directors (consistent with our charter) is final and conclusive and binding upon us and our stockholders. This provision does not alter the statutory standard of conduct imposed on our board of directors under the Maryland General Corporation Law to act in good faith, in a manner reasonably believed to be in the best interests of the corporation and its stockholders, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Further, it would not restrict the ability of a stockholder to challenge an action by our board of directors, which was alleged to have been taken in a manner that is inconsistent with Maryland’s statutory standard of conduct or that did not comply with the requirements of the standard of conduct, for example if the director was alleged not to have acted with the necessary requirements of care and deliberation, or where the director is alleged to have put his personal interest ahead of the interest of the corporation and its stockholders.
 
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SUMMARY OF OUR OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
We have summarized the material terms and provisions of the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, which we refer to as the “partnership agreement.”
Management of the Operating Partnership
BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP was formed on September 8, 2022 to acquire and hold assets on our behalf.
We intend to hold substantially all of our assets in the Operating Partnership or in subsidiary entities in which the Operating Partnership owns an interest. For purposes of satisfying the asset and gross income tests for qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our proportionate share of the assets and income of the Operating Partnership will be deemed to be our assets and income.
We are and expect to continue to be the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of the date of this prospectus, the only limited partners of the Operating Partnership are us and BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LLC, the Special Limited Partner.
As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the Operating Partnership. A general partner is accountable to a limited partnership as a fiduciary and consequently must exercise good faith and integrity in handling partnership affairs. No limited partner of the Operating Partnership may transact business for the Operating Partnership, or participate in management activities or decisions, except as provided in the partnership agreement and as required by applicable law. We may not be removed as general partner by the limited partners. Our board of directors will at all times have oversight and policy-making authority, including responsibility for governance, financial controls, compliance and disclosure with respect to the Operating Partnership. However, pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, we have delegated to the Adviser authority to make decisions related to the management of our and the Operating Partnership’s assets, including sourcing, evaluating and monitoring our investment opportunities and making decisions related to the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of our assets, in accordance with our investment objectives, guidelines, policies and limitations, subject to oversight by our board of directors.
The Special Limited Partner has expressly acknowledged and any future limited partners of the Operating Partnership will expressly acknowledge that we, as general partner, are acting on behalf of the Operating Partnership, ourselves and our stockholders collectively. Neither we nor our board of directors is under any obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners of the Operating Partnership or our stockholders in deciding whether to cause the Operating Partnership to take or decline to take any actions. If there is a conflict between the interests of our stockholders on the one hand and the Operating Partnership’s limited partners on the other, we will endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the Operating Partnership’s limited partners, provided, however, that for so long as we own a controlling interest in the Operating Partnership, any conflict that cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either our stockholders or the Operating Partnership’s limited partners may be resolved in favor of our stockholders. We are not liable under the partnership agreement to the Operating Partnership or to any of its limited partners for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by such limited partners in connection with such decisions, provided that we have acted in good faith.
The partnership agreement requires that the Operating Partnership be operated in a manner that will enable us to (1) satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, unless we otherwise cease to qualify as a REIT, (2) avoid any U.S. federal income or excise tax liability and (3) ensure that the Operating Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” that is taxable as a corporation. See “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Capital Contributions
We intend to contribute the net proceeds from this offering, after payment of fees and expenses attributable to our offering and operations, to the Operating Partnership as capital contributions. However,
 
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we will be deemed to have made capital contributions in the amount of the gross offering proceeds received from investors, and the Operating Partnership will be deemed to have simultaneously paid the fees, commissions and other costs associated with this offering and our operations.
If the Operating Partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of capital contributions made by us, the Operating Partnership may borrow funds from a financial institution or other lenders or we or any of our affiliates may provide such additional funds through loans, purchase of additional partnership interests or otherwise (which we or such affiliates will have the option, but not the obligation, of providing). In addition, the Operating Partnership may admit additional limited partners whose investments may be subject to a different management fee and repurchase limitations if our board of directors concludes in good faith that such admittance is in our best interest.
Limited Partnership Units Generally
Limited partnership units represent an interest as a limited partner in the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership may issue additional partnership units and classes of partnership units with rights different from, and superior to, those of limited partnership units of any class, without the consent of the limited partners or our stockholders. Holders of limited partnership units do not have any preemptive rights with respect to the issuance of additional units.
Limited partners of any class do not have the right to participate in the management of the Operating Partnership. Limited partners of any class who do not participate in the management of the Operating Partnership, by virtue of their status as limited partners, generally are not liable for the debts and liabilities of the Operating Partnership beyond the amount of their capital contributions. The voting rights of the limited partners of any class are generally limited to approval of specific types of amendments to the partnership agreement.
Class T Units, Class S Units, Class D Units, Class I Units and Class E Units
Partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, other than the special limited partner interest and general partner interest, are currently divided into five classes of units: Class T units; Class S units; Class D units; Class I units; and Class E units.
In general, the Class T units, Class S units, Class D units Class E units and Class I units are intended to correspond on a one-for-one basis with our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class E shares and Class I shares. When we receive proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock, we will contribute such proceeds to the Operating Partnership and receive Operating Partnership units that correspond to the classes of our shares sold.
In general, each Class T unit, Class S unit, Class D unit, Class E unit and Class I unit will share in distributions from the Operating Partnership when such distributions are declared by us, the general partner, which decision will be made in our sole discretion. Upon the Operating Partnership’s liquidation, Class T units, Class S units, Class E units and Class D units will automatically convert to Class I units, in each case in proportion to the NAV per unit of each class, and the resulting Class I units will share on a unit-by-unit basis in the assets of the operating partnership that are available for distribution, after payment of all liabilities, establishment of reserves and after payment of any preferred return owed to holders of any limited partnership preferred units and payment of the portion distributable to the holder of the special limited partner interest. In addition, a portion of the items of income, gain, loss and deduction of the operating partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes will be allocated to each limited partnership unit, regardless of whether any distributions are made by the Operating Partnership.
For each Class T unit, Class S unit, Class D unit, Class E unit or Class I unit, investors generally will be required to contribute money or property, with a net equity value determined by the general partner. Holders of Operating Partnership units will not be obligated to make additional capital contributions to the Operating Partnership. Further, these holders will not have the right to make additional capital contributions to the Operating Partnership or to purchase additional Operating Partnership units without our consent as general partner.
 
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The Adviser may elect to receive its management fee in cash, Class E shares, Class I shares, Class E units or Class I units, and distributions on the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation allocation may be payable in cash, Class E units or Class I units at the election of the Special Limited Partner. See “Compensation — Management Fee” and “— Special Limited Partner Interest” below.
For holders other than us, the Adviser or the Special Limited Partner, after owning an Operating Partnership unit for one year, Operating Partnership unitholders generally may, subject to certain restrictions, exchange Operating Partnership units for a corresponding number of shares of our common stock. The Adviser and the Special Limited Partner may exchange Class I units for a corresponding number of Class I shares at any time. The Adviser and the Special Limited Partner will have the option of exchanging shares of any class of our common stock for a number of shares of any other class with equivalent aggregate NAV.
Special Limited Partner Interest
So long as the Advisory Agreement has not been terminated (including by means of non-renewal), the Special Limited Partner will hold a performance participation interest in the Operating Partnership that entitles it to receive an allocation from the Operating Partnership equal to 12.5% of the Total Return, subject to a 5% Hurdle Amount and a High Water Mark, with a Catch-Up (each term as defined below). Such allocation will be measured on a calendar year basis, made quarterly and accrued monthly. The performance participation interest is not paid on the Class E units, and as a result, it is a class-specific expense.
Promptly following the end of each calendar quarter that is not also the end of a calendar year, the Special Limited Partner will be entitled to the Quarterly Allocation as described above calculated in respect of the portion of the year to date. The performance participation allocation that the Special Limited Partner is entitled to receive at the end of each calendar year will be reduced by the cumulative amount of Quarterly Allocations that year.
Specifically, the Special Limited Partner will be allocated a performance participation in an amount equal to:
•
First, if the Total Return for the applicable period exceeds the sum of (i) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (ii) the Loss Carryforward Amount (any such excess, “Excess Profits”), 100% of such Excess Profits until the total amount allocated to the Special Limited Partner equals 12.5% of the sum of (x) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (y) any amount allocated to the Special Limited Partner pursuant to this clause (this is commonly referred to as a “Catch-Up”); and
​
•
Second, to the extent there are remaining Excess Profits, 12.5% of such remaining Excess Profits.
​
“Total Return” for any period since the end of the prior calendar year will equal the sum of:
(i)
all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) on the Class T units, Class S units, Class D units and Class I units (collectively referred to as, the “Performance Participation OP Units”) outstanding at the end of such period since the beginning of the then-current calendar year plus
​
(ii)
the change in aggregate NAV of such units since the beginning of the year, before giving effect to (x) changes resulting solely from the proceeds of issuances of Performance Participation OP Units, (y) any allocation/accrual to the performance participation interest and (z) applicable stockholder servicing fee expenses (including any payments made to us for payment of such expenses).
​
For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of Total Return will (i) include any appreciation or depreciation in the NAV of units issued during the then-current calendar year but (ii) exclude the proceeds from the initial issuance of such units.
“Hurdle Amount” for any period during a calendar year means that amount that results in a 5% annualized internal rate of return on the NAV of the Performance Participation OP Units outstanding at the beginning of the then-current calendar year and all Performance Participation OP Units issued since the beginning of the then-current calendar year, taking into account the timing and amount of all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) on all such units and all issuances of Performance Participation OP Units over the period and calculated in accordance with recognized industry practices. The ending NAV of the Performance Participation OP Units used in calculating the internal rate of return will be calculated before
 
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giving effect to any allocation/accrual to the performance participation interest and applicable stockholder servicing fee expenses, provided that the calculation of the Hurdle Amount for any period will exclude any Performance Participation OP Units repurchased during such period, which units will be subject to the performance participation allocation upon repurchase as described below.
Except as described in Loss Carryforward below, any amount by which Total Return falls below the Hurdle Amount will not be carried forward to subsequent periods.
“Loss Carryforward Amount” will initially equal zero and will cumulatively increase by the absolute value of any negative annual Total Return and decrease by any positive annual Total Return, provided that the Loss Carryforward Amount will at no time be less than zero and provided further that the calculation of the Loss Carryforward Amount will exclude the Total Return related to any Performance Participation OP Units repurchased during such year, which units will be subject to the performance participation allocation upon repurchase as described below. The effect of the Loss Carryforward Amount is that the recoupment of past annual Total Return losses will offset the positive annual Total Return for purposes of the calculation of the Special Limited Partner’s performance participation. This is referred to as a “High Water Mark.”
The Special Limited Partner will also be allocated a performance participation with respect to all Performance Participation OP Units that are repurchased at the end of any month (in connection with repurchases of our shares in our share repurchase plan) in an amount calculated as described above with the relevant period being the portion of the year for which such unit was outstanding, and proceeds for any such unit repurchase will be reduced by the amount of any such performance participation.
If a Quarterly Allocation is made and at the end of a subsequent calendar quarter in the same calendar year the Special Limited Partner is entitled to less than the previously received Quarterly Allocation(s) (a “Quarterly Shortfall”), then subsequent distributions of any Quarterly Allocations or year-end performance participation allocations in that calendar year will be reduced by an amount equal to such Quarterly Shortfall, until such time as no Quarterly Shortfall remains. If all or any portion of a Quarterly Shortfall is not applied pursuant to the previous sentence by the end of such calendar year, distributions of any Quarterly Allocations and year-end performance participation allocations in the subsequent four calendar years will be reduced by (i) the remaining Quarterly Shortfall plus (ii) an annual rate of 5% on the remaining Quarterly Shortfall measured from the first day of the calendar year following the year in which the Quarterly Shortfall arose and compounded quarterly (collectively, the “Quarterly Shortfall Obligation”) until such time as no Quarterly Shortfall Obligation remains; provided, that the Special Limited Partner (or its affiliate) may make a full or partial cash payment to reduce the Quarterly Shortfall Obligation at any time; provided, further, that if any Quarterly Shortfall Obligation remains following such subsequent four calendar years, then the Special Limited Partner (or its affiliate) will promptly pay the Operating Partnership the remaining Quarterly Shortfall Obligation in cash.
Distributions on the performance participation interest may be payable in cash, Class E units or Class I units at the election of the Special Limited Partner. If the Special Limited Partner elects to receive such distributions in Class E units or Class I units, the Special Limited Partner may request the Operating Partnership to repurchase such Class E units or Class I units from the Special Limited Partner at a later date. Any such repurchase requests will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction but will be subject to similar repurchase limits that exist under our share repurchase plan. The Operating Partnership will repurchase any such Class E units or Class I units for Class E shares or Class I shares of our common stock or cash (at the Special Limited Partner’s election) unless our board of directors determines that any such repurchase for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, in which case such Class E units or Class I units will be repurchased for Class E shares or Class I shares with an aggregate NAV equivalent to the aggregate NAV of such Class E units or Class I units. Any such repurchase requests will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction, but, if such units are redeemed for shares of common stock, such shares of common stock will be subject to the same repurchase limits that exist under our share repurchase plan.
The NAV of the Operating Partnership calculated on the last trading day of a calendar year will be the amount against which changes in NAV is measured during the subsequent calendar year. In our first calendar year of operations, the performance participation will be prorated for the portion of the calendar year.
 
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The measurement of the foregoing net assets change is also subject to adjustment by our board of directors to account for any unit dividend, unit split, recapitalization or any other similar change in the Operating Partnership’s capital structure or any distributions made after the commencement of this offering that the board of directors deems to be a return of capital (if such changes are not already reflected in the Operating Partnership’s net assets).
Except as noted above with respect to Quarterly Allocations, the Special Limited Partner will not be obligated to return any portion of performance participation paid based on our subsequent performance.
Changes in the Operating Partnership’s NAV per unit of each class will generally correspond to changes in our NAV per share of the corresponding class of our common stock. Distributions with respect to the performance participation interest are calculated from the Operating Partnership’s Total Return over a calendar year. As a result, the Special Limited Partner may be entitled to receive compensation under the performance participation for a given year even if some of our stockholders who purchased shares during such year experienced a decline in NAV per share. Similarly, stockholders whose shares are repurchased during a given year may have their shares repurchased at a lower NAV per share as a result of an accrual for the estimated performance participation at such time, even if no performance participation allocation for such year are ultimately payable to the Special Limited Partner at the end of such calendar year.
In the event the Advisory Agreement is terminated, the Special Limited Partner will be allocated any accrued performance participation with respect to all Operating Partnership units as of the date of such termination.
Issuance of Additional Limited Partnership Interests
As sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, we will have the ability to cause the Operating Partnership to issue additional limited partnership interests (including Operating Partnership units), preferred partnership interests or convertible securities. We have issued Operating Partnership units, and may issue more in the future.
The Operating Partnership allows us to be organized as an UPREIT. A sale of property directly to a REIT is generally a taxable transaction to the selling property owner. In an UPREIT structure, a seller of appreciated property who desires to defer taxable gain on the transfer of such property may, subject to meeting applicable tax requirements, transfer the property to the Operating Partnership in exchange for limited partnership interests (including Operating Partnership units) on a tax-free basis. Being able to offer a seller the opportunity to defer taxation of gain until the seller disposes of its interest in the Operating Partnership may give us a competitive advantage in acquiring desired properties relative to buyers who cannot offer this opportunity.
In addition, investing in the Operating Partnership, rather than in shares of our common stock, may be more attractive to certain institutional or other investors due to their business or tax structure.
Transferability of Interests
Without the consent of a majority in interest of the limited partners of the Operating Partnership, other than interests held by us, we may not voluntarily withdraw as the general partner of the Operating Partnership, engage in any merger, consolidation or other business combination or transfer our general partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (except to a wholly owned subsidiary), unless: (1) the transaction in which such withdrawal, business combination or transfer occurs results in the limited partners of the Operating Partnership receiving or having the right to receive an amount of cash, securities or other property equal in value to the amount they would have received if they had exercised their exchange rights immediately prior to such transaction or (2) in the case of a merger or other business combination, the successor entity contributes substantially all of its assets to the Operating Partnership in return for an interest in the Operating Partnership and agrees to assume all obligations of the general partner of the Operating Partnership.
With certain exceptions, the limited partners may not transfer their interests in the Operating Partnership, in whole or in part, without our written consent, as general partner.
 
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Exculpation
We, as general partner, will not be liable to the Operating Partnership or limited partners for errors in judgment or other acts or omissions not amounting to willful misconduct or gross negligence since provision has been made in the partnership agreement for exculpation of the general partner. Therefore, purchasers of interests in the Operating Partnership have a more limited right of action than they would have absent the limitation in the partnership agreement.
Indemnification
The partnership agreement provides for the indemnification of us, as general partner, by the Operating Partnership for liabilities we incur in dealings with third parties on behalf of the Operating Partnership. To the extent that the indemnification provisions purport to include indemnification of liabilities arising under the Securities Act, in the opinion of the SEC and certain state securities regulators, such indemnification is contrary to public policy and therefore unenforceable.
Tax Matters
We are the Operating Partnership’s partnership representative and have the authority to make tax elections under the Code on the Operating Partnership’s behalf.
 
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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following summary describes the material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership of our common stock as of the date hereof by U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders, each as defined below. Except where noted, this summary deals only with common stock held as a capital asset and does not deal with special situations, such as those of dealers in securities or currencies, financial institutions, regulated investment companies, tax-exempt entities (except as described in “— Taxation of Tax-Exempt Holders of Our Common Stock” below), insurance companies, persons holding common stock as a part of a hedging, integrated, conversion or constructive sale transaction or a straddle, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings, persons liable for alternative minimum tax, persons who are eligible for the benefits of Section 892 of the Code, “qualified foreign pension funds” within the meaning of Section 897(l) of the Code (except as described in “— Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock” below), investors in pass-through entities or U.S. holders of common stock whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar. Furthermore, the discussion below is based upon the provisions of the Code and regulations, rulings and judicial decisions thereunder as of the date hereof, and such authorities may be repealed, revoked or modified, possibly with retroactive effect, so as to result in U.S. federal income tax consequences different from those discussed below. No ruling on the U.S. federal, state, or local tax considerations relevant to our operation or to the purchase, ownership or disposition of our common stock has been requested from the IRS or other tax authority. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. The summary is also based upon the assumption that we and our subsidiaries and affiliated entities will operate in accordance with our and their applicable organizational documents.
The U.S. federal income tax treatment of holders of our common stock depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. In addition, the tax consequences to any particular stockholder of holding our common stock will depend on the stockholder’s particular tax circumstances. You are urged to consult your own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal income tax consequences in light of your particular situation as well as consequences arising under the laws of any other taxing jurisdiction.
Our Taxation as a REIT
We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT under the Code commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2023. We believe that we have been organized and have operated and will continue to operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the applicable provisions of the Code so long as our board of directors determines that REIT qualification remains in our best interest.
In connection with this offering, Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP is expected to render an opinion that, commencing with our first taxable year for which we make an election to be taxed as a REIT, we will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code, and our actual and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. Investors should be aware that the opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP will be based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets, income, organizational documents, stockholder ownership, and the present and future conduct of our business and will not be binding upon the IRS or any court. We have not received, and do not intend to seek, any rulings from the IRS regarding our status as a REIT or our satisfaction of the REIT requirements. The IRS may challenge our status as a REIT, and a court could sustain any such challenge. In addition, the opinion of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP will be based on U.S. federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT in effect as of the date thereof, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the U.S. federal income tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories, the diversity of the ownership of our shares, and the percentage of our taxable income that we distribute. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of
 
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operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see “— Failure to Qualify.”
The sections of the Code and the corresponding regulations that govern the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders are highly technical and complex. The following discussion is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative interpretations thereof.
Taxation of REITs in General
As indicated above, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Code. The material qualification requirements are summarized below under “— Requirements for Qualification as a REIT.” While we intend to operate so that we qualify as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification, or that we will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future. See “— Failure to Qualify.”
Provided that we qualify as a REIT, generally we will be entitled to a deduction for dividends that we pay and therefore will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our net taxable income that is currently distributed to our stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” at the corporate and stockholder levels that generally results from an investment in a C corporation (i.e., a corporation generally subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax). Double taxation means taxation once at the corporate level when income is earned and once again at the stockholder level when the income is distributed. In general, the income that we generate, to the extent declared as a dividend and subsequently paid to our stockholders, is taxed only at the stockholder level.
If we qualify as a REIT, we will nonetheless be subject to U.S. federal tax in the following circumstances:
•
We will pay U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders during, or within a specified time after, the calendar year in which the income is earned.
​
•
If we have net income from “prohibited transactions,” which are, in general, sales or other dispositions of property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property, such income will be subject to a 100% tax.
​
•
If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or from certain leasehold terminations as “foreclosure property,” we may thereby avoid (a) the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction) and (b) the inclusion of any income from such property not qualifying for purposes of the REIT gross income tests discussed below, but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to U.S. corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate.
​
•
If (i) due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect we fail to satisfy either the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test discussed below, but nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, and (ii) we file a schedule with the IRS with a description of each item of gross income that does not satisfy either or both of the 75% gross income test or 95% gross income test, we will be subject to a 100% tax on the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, multiplied in either case by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
​
•
If (i) we fail to satisfy the asset tests (other than a de minimis failure of the 5% asset test or the 10% vote or value test, as described below under “— Asset Tests”) due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, (ii) we dispose of the assets or otherwise comply with such asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure and (iii) we file a schedule with the IRS describing the assets that caused such failure, we will pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy such asset tests multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate.
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•
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, and the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.
​
•
We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet recordkeeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REIT’s stockholders, as described below in “— Requirements for Qualification as a REIT.”
​
•
If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of:
​
•
85% of our ordinary income for such calendar year;
​
•
95% of our capital gain net income for such calendar year; and
​
•
any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years,
​
we will pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the amount we actually distributed, plus any retained amounts on which income tax has been paid at the corporate level.
•
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a U.S. holder would include its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent we make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) in its income, and would receive a credit or a refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid.
​
•
We will be subject to a 100% excise tax on certain amounts received by us from a taxable REIT subsidiary (or on certain expenses deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary) if certain arrangements between us and a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours, as further described below, are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties.
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•
If we acquire any assets from a non-REIT C corporation in a carry-over basis transaction, we could be liable for specified tax liabilities inherited from that non-REIT C corporation with respect to that corporation’s “built-in gain” in its assets. Built-in gain is the amount by which an asset’s fair market value exceeds its adjusted tax basis at the time we acquire the asset. Applicable Treasury regulations, however, allow us to avoid the recognition of gain and the imposition of corporate-level tax with respect to a built-in gain asset acquired in a carry-over basis transaction from a non-REIT C corporation unless and until we dispose of that built-in gain asset during the 5-year period following its acquisition, at which time we would recognize, and would be subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate on, the built-in gain.
​
In addition, notwithstanding our status as a REIT, we may also have to pay certain state and local income taxes, because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner that they are treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Moreover, as further described below, any domestic taxable REIT subsidiary in which we own an interest will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on its net income.
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT.   The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
(1)
that is managed by one or more trustees or directors;
​
(2)
the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;
​
(3)
that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for its election to be taxable as a REIT;
​
(4)
that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain provisions of the Code;
​
(5)
the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons;
​
(6)
of which not more than 50% in value of the outstanding shares are owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) after applying certain attribution rules;
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(7)
that makes an election to be a REIT for the current taxable year or has made such an election for a previous taxable year, which has not been terminated or revoked; and
​
(8)
that meets other tests described below regarding the nature of its income and assets.
​
Conditions (1) through (4) must be met during the entire taxable year. Condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months other than the first taxable year for which an election to become a REIT is made. Condition (6) must be met during the last half of each taxable year, but neither conditions (5) nor (6) apply to the first taxable year for which an election to be taxable as a REIT is made. We believe that we will maintain sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy conditions (5) and (6) above. In addition, our charter contains restrictions regarding the ownership and transfer of our stock that are intended to assist us in continuing to satisfy the share ownership requirements described in (5) and (6) above. The provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer of our stock are described in “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will be able to satisfy these share ownership requirements. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, we will fail to qualify as a REIT.
To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, we generally are required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our shares. To do so, we must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of our stock pursuant to which the record holders must disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons required to include our dividends in their gross income). We must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand as part of our records. We could be subject to monetary penalties if we fail to comply with these record-keeping requirements. If you fail or refuse to comply with the demands, you will be required by Treasury regulations to submit a statement with your tax return disclosing your actual ownership of our shares and other information. If we comply with regulatory rules pursuant to which we are required to send annual letters to holders of our stock requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our stock (as discussed below), and we do not know, or exercising reasonable diligence would not have known, whether we failed to meet requirement (6) above, we will be treated as having met the requirement. In addition, we must satisfy all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS to elect and maintain REIT status, use a calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and comply with the record keeping requirements of the Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder.
Ownership of Partnership Interests.   In the case of a REIT that is a partner in an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations provide that the REIT is deemed to own its proportionate share of the partnership’s assets and to earn its proportionate share of the partnership’s gross income based on its pro rata share of capital interests in the partnership for purposes of the asset and gross income tests applicable to REITs, as described below. However, solely for purposes of the 10% value test described below (see “— Asset Tests”), the determination of a REIT’s interest in a partnership’s assets will be based on the REIT’s proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership, excluding for these purposes, certain excluded securities as described in the Code. In addition, the assets and gross income of the partnership generally are deemed to retain the same character in the hands of the REIT. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets and items of income of partnerships in which we own an equity interest is treated as assets and items of income of our company for purposes of applying the REIT requirements described below. Consequently, to the extent that we directly or indirectly hold a preferred or other equity interest in a partnership, the partnership’s assets and operations may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT, even though we may have no control or only limited influence over the partnership.
Disregarded Subsidiaries.   If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary,” the separate existence of that subsidiary is disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Generally, a qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, all of the stock of which is owned directly or indirectly by the REIT. Other entities that are wholly-owned by us, including single member limited liability companies that have not elected to be taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are also generally disregarded as separate entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. All assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of qualified REIT subsidiaries and disregarded subsidiaries will be treated as assets, liabilities and items
 
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of income, deduction and credit of the REIT itself. A qualified REIT subsidiary of ours is not subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxation, although it may be subject to state and local taxation in some states.
In the event that a qualified REIT subsidiary or a disregarded subsidiary ceases to be wholly owned by us (for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary of us), the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, it would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income tests applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the value or voting power of the outstanding securities of another corporation. See “— Asset Tests” and “— Income Tests.”
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries.   A “taxable REIT subsidiary” is an entity that is taxable as a corporation in which we directly or indirectly own stock and that elects with us to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. The separate existence of a taxable REIT subsidiary is not ignored for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a domestic taxable REIT subsidiary generally is subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow that we and our subsidiaries generate in the aggregate, and may reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, if a taxable REIT subsidiary owns, directly or indirectly, securities representing 35% or more of the vote or value of a subsidiary corporation, that subsidiary will also be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. However, an entity will not qualify as a taxable REIT subsidiary if it directly or indirectly operates or manages a lodging or health care facility or, generally, provides to another person, under a franchise, license or otherwise, rights to any brand name under which any lodging facility or health care facility is operated. We generally may not own more than 10%, as measured by voting power or value, of the securities of a corporation that is not a qualified REIT subsidiary unless we and such corporation elect to treat such corporation as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Overall, no more than 20% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Income earned by a taxable REIT subsidiary is not attributable to the REIT. Rather, the stock issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat dividends paid to us from such taxable REIT subsidiary, if any, as income. This income can affect our income and asset tests calculations, as described below. As a result, income that might not be qualifying income for purposes of the income tests applicable to REITs could be earned by a taxable REIT subsidiary without affecting our status as a REIT. For example, we may use taxable REIT subsidiaries to perform services or conduct activities that give rise to certain categories of income such as management fees, or to conduct activities that, if conducted by us directly, would be treated in our hands as prohibited transactions.
Several provisions of the Code regarding the arrangements between a REIT and its taxable REIT subsidiaries ensure that a taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to an appropriate level of U.S. federal income taxation. For example, a taxable REIT subsidiary is limited in its ability to deduct interest payments made to affiliated REITs. In addition, we would be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments that we receive from, or on certain expenses deducted by, a taxable REIT subsidiary if the IRS were to assert successfully that the economic arrangements between us and a taxable REIT subsidiary are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties.
Deductions are disallowed for business interest expense (even if paid to third parties) in excess of the sum of a taxpayer’s business interest income and 30% of the adjusted taxable income of the business, which is its taxable income computed without regard to business interest income or expense, net operating losses or the pass-through income deduction. Such limitations may also impact the amount of U.S. federal income tax paid by any of our taxable REIT subsidiaries.
Income Tests
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income requirements, each of which is applied on an annual basis. First, at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging and foreign currency transactions, for each taxable year generally must be derived directly or indirectly from:
 
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rents from real property;
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interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property;
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dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, stock in other REITs;
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gain from the sale of real property or mortgage loans;
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abatements and refunds of taxes on real property;
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income and gain derived from foreclosure property (as described below);
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amounts (other than amounts the determination of which depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person) received or accrued as consideration for entering into agreements (i) to make loans secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property or (ii) to purchase or lease real property (including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property); and
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interest or dividend income from investments in stock or debt instruments attributable to the temporary investment of new capital during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or public offerings of debt obligations with at least a five-year term.
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Second, at least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions and certain hedging transactions, for each taxable year must be derived from sources that qualify for purposes of the 75% test, and from (i) dividends, (ii) interest and (iii) gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, which need not have any relation to real property.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% and 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for that year if we are entitled to relief under the Code. These relief provisions generally will be available if our failure to meet the tests is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and we attach a schedule of the sources of our income to our U.S. federal income tax return. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. For example, if we fail to satisfy the gross income tests because nonqualifying income that we intentionally recognize exceeds the limits on nonqualifying income, the IRS could conclude that the failure to satisfy the tests was not due to reasonable cause. If these relief provisions are inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances, we will fail to qualify as a REIT. Even if these relief provisions apply, a penalty tax would be imposed based on the amount of nonqualifying income. See “— Taxation of REITs in General.”
Gross income from our sale of property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is excluded from both the numerator and denominator in both gross income tests. In addition, certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. We will monitor the amount of our nonqualifying income, and we intend to manage our portfolio to comply at all times with the gross income tests. The following paragraphs discuss some of the specific applications of the gross income tests to us.
Dividends.   We may directly or indirectly receive distributions from taxable REIT subsidiaries or other corporations that are not REITs or qualified REIT subsidiaries. These distributions generally are treated as dividend income to the extent of earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Our dividend income from stock in any corporation (other than any REIT), including any taxable REIT subsidiary, will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test. Dividends that we receive from any REITs in which we own stock and our gain on the sale of the stock in those REITs will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests. However, if a REIT in which we own stock fails to qualify as a REIT in any year, our income from such REIT would be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not the 75% gross income test.
Interest.   The term “interest,” as defined for purposes of both gross income tests, generally excludes any amount that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person; however, it generally includes the following: (i) an amount that is received or accrued based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales, and (ii) an amount that is based on the income or profits of a debtor, as long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from the real property securing the debt by leasing substantially all of its interest in the property, and only to the extent that the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying “rents from real property” if received directly by a REIT.
 
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Interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property (including, for this purpose, prepayment penalties, loan assumption fees and late payment charges that are not compensation for services) generally is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, if the highest principal amount of a loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan as of the date we agreed to originate or acquire the loan, a portion of the interest income from such loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. The portion of the interest income that will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test will be equal to the portion of the principal amount of the loan that is not secured by real property — that is, the amount by which the loan exceeds the value of the real estate that is security for the loan.
We expect that the CMBS and RMBS in which we invest generally will be treated either as interests in a grantor trust or as interests in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (“REMIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes and that all interest income from such CMBS and RMBS will be qualifying income for the 95% gross income test. In the case of CMBS and RMBS treated as interests in grantor trusts, we would be treated as owning an undivided beneficial ownership interest in the mortgage loans held by the grantor trust. The interest on such mortgage loans would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test to the extent that the obligation is secured by real property, as discussed above. In the case of CMBS and RMBS treated as interests in a REMIC, income derived from REMIC interests will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. If less than 95% of the assets of the REMIC are real estate assets, however, then only a proportionate part of our interest in the REMIC and income derived from the interest will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test. In addition, some REMIC securitizations include imbedded interest swap or cap contracts or other derivative instruments that potentially could produce nonqualifying income for the holder of the related REMIC securities.
Interest, original issue discount and market discount income that we receive or accrue from mortgage-related assets generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
Hedging Transactions.   We and our subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including interest rate swap agreements, interest rate cap agreements, options, futures contracts, forward rate agreements or similar financial instruments. Except to the extent provided by Treasury regulations, any income from a hedging transaction we enter into (i) in the normal course of our business primarily to manage risk of interest rate or price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets, which is clearly identified as a hedge along with the risk that it hedges within prescribed time periods specified in Treasury regulations, (ii) primarily to manage risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% income tests which is clearly identified as a hedge along with the risk that it hedges within prescribed time periods, or (iii) in connection with the effective termination of certain hedging transactions described above will be excluded from gross income for purposes of both the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as nonqualifying income for purposes of both of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Moreover, to the extent that a position in a hedging transaction has positive value at any particular point in time, it may be treated as an asset that does not qualify for purposes of the asset tests described below. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT. No assurance can be given, however, that our hedging activities will not give rise to income or assets that do not qualify for purposes of the REIT tests, or that our hedging will not adversely affect our ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.
We may conduct some or all of our hedging activities through a taxable REIT subsidiary or other corporate entity, the income of which may be subject to U.S. federal income tax, rather than by participating in the arrangements directly or through pass-through subsidiaries.
Fee Income.   Any fee income that we earn will generally not be qualifying income for purposes of either gross income test. Any fees earned by a taxable REIT subsidiary will not be included for purposes of the gross income tests.
 
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Rents from Real Property.   Rents we receive will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if several conditions described below are met. These conditions relate to the identity of the tenant, the computation of the rent payable, and the nature of the property leased and any services provided in connection with the property. First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from rents from real property solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. Second, rents we receive from a “related party tenant” will not qualify as rents from real property in satisfying the gross income tests unless the tenant is a taxable REIT subsidiary, at least 90% of the property is leased to unrelated tenants, the rent paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary is substantially comparable to the rent paid by the unrelated tenants for comparable space and the rent is not attributable to an increase in rent due to a modification of a lease with a “controlled taxable REIT subsidiary” ​(i.e., a taxable REIT subsidiary in which we own directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock). Whether rents paid by a taxable REIT subsidiary are substantially comparable to rents paid by other tenants is determined at the time the lease with the taxable REIT subsidiary is entered into, extended, or modified, if such modification increases the rents due under such lease. A tenant is a related party tenant if the REIT, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of the REIT, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the tenant. Third, if rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to the personal property will not qualify as rents from real property. Finally, for rents to qualify as “rents from real property” for purposes of the gross income tests, we are only allowed to provide services that are both usually or “customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of real property and not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant” of the property. Examples of these permitted services include the provision of light, heat, or other utilities, trash removal and general maintenance of common areas. We may, however, render services to our tenants through an “independent contractor” who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive revenue if certain requirements are satisfied. We may also own an interest in a taxable REIT subsidiary which provides non-customary services to tenants without tainting our rental income from the related properties.
Even if a REIT furnishes or renders services that are non-customary with respect to a property, if the greater of (i) the amounts received or accrued, directly or indirectly, or deemed received by the REIT with respect to such services, or (ii) 150% of our direct cost in furnishing or rendering the services during a taxable year is not more than 1% of all amounts received or accrued, directly or indirectly, by the REIT with respect to the property during the same taxable year, then only the amounts with respect to such non-customary services are not treated as rent for purposes of the REIT gross income tests.
We intend to cause any services that are not usually or “customarily rendered,” or that are for the benefit of a particular tenant in connection with the rental of real property, to be provided through a taxable REIT subsidiary or through an “independent contractor” who is adequately compensated and from which we do not derive revenue, and which meets certain other requirements. However, no assurance can be given that the IRS will concur with our determination as to whether a particular service is usual or customary, or otherwise in this regard.
Prohibited Transactions Tax.   A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Whether a REIT holds an asset primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends, however, on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular asset. Nevertheless, we intend to conduct our operations so that no asset that we own (or are treated as owning) will be treated as, or as having been, held for sale to customers, and that a sale of any such asset will not be treated as having been in the ordinary course of our business. We cannot assure you that we will comply with certain safe harbor provisions or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a taxable REIT subsidiary or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of such corporation at regular corporate income tax rates. We intend to structure our activities to avoid prohibited transaction characterization.
 
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Foreclosure Property.   Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property:
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that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid in such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a lease of such property or on indebtedness that such property secured;
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for which the related loan was acquired by the REIT at a time when the default was not imminent or anticipated; and
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for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property.
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However, a REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor.
Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury. This grace period terminates and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:
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on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test;
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on which any construction takes place on the property, other than completion of a building or any other improvement, if more than 10% of the construction was completed before default became imminent; or
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which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or business that is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income.
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We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure property, including gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of that income. However, net income from foreclosure property, including gain from the sale of foreclosure property held for sale in the ordinary course of a trade or business, will qualify for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property.
Phantom Income.   Due to the nature of the assets in which we will invest, we may be required to recognize taxable income from certain assets in advance of our receipt of cash flow from or proceeds from disposition of such assets, and may be required to report taxable income that exceeds the economic income ultimately realized on such assets.
We may acquire debt instruments in the secondary market for less than their face amount. The amount of such discount generally will be treated as “market discount” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accrued market discount is reported as income when, and to the extent that, any payment of principal of the debt instrument is made, unless we elect to include accrued market discount in income as it accrues. Principal payments on certain debt instruments may be made monthly, and consequently accrued market discount may have to be included in income each month as if the debt instrument were assured of ultimately being collected in full. If we collect less on the debt instrument than our purchase price plus the market discount we had previously reported as income, we may not be able to benefit from any offsetting loss deductions.
The terms of the debt instruments that we hold may be modified under certain circumstances. These modifications may be considered “significant modifications” for U.S. federal income tax purposes that give
 
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rise to a deemed debt-for-debt exchange upon which we may recognize taxable income or gain without a corresponding receipt of cash.
Some of the debt securities that we acquire may have been issued with original issue discount. In general, we will be required to accrue non-de minimis original issue discount based on the constant yield to maturity of such debt securities, and to treat it as taxable income in accordance with applicable U.S. federal income tax rules even though such yield may exceed cash payments, if any, received on such debt instrument.
In addition, in the event that any debt instruments or debt securities acquired by us are delinquent as to mandatory principal and interest payments, or in the event payments with respect to a particular debt instrument are not made when due, we may nonetheless be required to continue to recognize the unpaid interest as taxable income. Similarly, we may be required to accrue interest income with respect to subordinated mortgage-backed securities at the stated rate regardless of whether corresponding cash payments are received.
Finally, we may be required under the terms of indebtedness that we incur to use cash received from interest payments to make principal payments on that indebtedness, with the effect of recognizing income but not having a corresponding amount of cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
As a result of each of these potential timing differences between income recognition or expense deduction and cash receipts or disbursements, there is a risk that we may have taxable income in excess of cash available for distribution. In that event, we may need to borrow funds or take other action to satisfy the REIT distribution requirements for the taxable year in which this “phantom income” is recognized. See “— Annual Distribution Requirements Applicable to REITs.”
Asset Tests
At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must satisfy the following tests relating to the nature of our assets:
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At least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by the following:
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interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds;
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interests in mortgages on real property;
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stock in other REITs and debt instruments issued by publicly offered REITs;
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cash and cash items (including certain receivables);
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government securities;
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investments in stock or debt instruments attributable to the temporary investment of new capital during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or public offerings of debt obligations with at least a five-year term; and
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regular or residual interests in a REMIC. However, if less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consists of assets that are qualifying real estate-related assets under U.S. federal income tax laws, determined as if we held such assets directly, we will be treated as holding directly our proportionate share of the assets of such REMIC.
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Not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities, other than those in the 75% asset class described above.
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Except for securities in taxable REIT subsidiaries and the securities in the 75% asset class described in the first bullet point above, the value of any one issuer’s securities owned by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.
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Except for securities in taxable REIT subsidiaries and the securities in the 75% asset class described in the first bullet point above, we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding voting securities.
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Except for securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries and the securities in the 75% asset class described in the first bullet point above, we may not own more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding
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securities of any one issuer, other than securities that qualify for the “straight debt” exception or other exceptions discussed below.
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Not more than 20% of the value of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.
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Not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by nonqualified publicly offered REIT debt instruments.
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Notwithstanding the general rule, as noted above, that for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests we are treated as owning our proportionate share of the underlying assets of a subsidiary partnership, if we hold indebtedness issued by a partnership, the indebtedness will be subject to, and may cause a violation of, the asset tests unless the indebtedness is a qualifying mortgage asset or other conditions are met. Similarly, although stock of another REIT is a qualifying asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, any non-mortgage debt that is issued by another REIT may not so qualify (although such debt will not be treated as “securities” for purposes of the 10% value test, as explained below).
Securities, for purposes of the asset tests, may include debt we hold from other issuers. However, debt we hold in an issuer that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% asset test will not be taken into account for purposes of the 10% value test if the debt securities meet the straight debt safe harbor. Subject to certain exceptions, debt will meet the “straight debt” safe harbor if the debt is a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money, the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and the interest rate and the interest payment dates of the debt are not contingent on the profits of any person, the borrower’s discretion or similar factors. In the case of an issuer that is a corporation or a partnership, securities that otherwise would be considered straight debt will not be so considered if we, and any of our “controlled taxable REIT subsidiaries” as defined in the Code, hold any securities of the corporate or partnership issuer that (a) are not straight debt or other excluded securities (prior to the application of this rule), and (b) have an aggregate value greater than 1% of the issuer’s outstanding securities (including, in the case of a partnership issuer, our interest as a partner in the partnership).
In addition to straight debt, the Code provides that certain other securities will not violate the 10% asset test. Such securities include (i) any loan made to an individual or an estate, (ii) certain rental agreements pursuant to which one or more payments are to be made in subsequent years (other than agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the REIT under attribution rules), (iii) any obligation to pay rents from real property, (iv) securities issued by governmental entities that are not dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments made by) a non-governmental entity, (v) any security (including debt securities) issued by another REIT and (vi) any debt instrument issued by a partnership if the partnership’s income is of such a nature that the partnership would satisfy the 75% gross income test described above under “— Income Tests.” In applying the 10% asset test, a debt security issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or any other excluded security) is not taken into account to the extent, if any, of the REIT’s proportionate interest as a partner in that partnership.
Any stock that we hold or acquire in other REITs will be a qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test. However, if a REIT in which we own stock fails to qualify as a REIT in any year, the stock in such REIT will not be a qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test. Instead, we would be subject to the second, third, fourth, and fifth asset tests described above with respect to our investment in such a disqualified REIT. We will also be subject to those assets tests with respect to our investments in any non-REIT C corporations for which we do not make a taxable REIT subsidiary election.
We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will seek to manage our portfolio to comply at all times with such tests. There can be no assurances, however, that we will be successful in this effort. Independent appraisals may not have been obtained to support our conclusions as to the value of our total assets or the value of any particular security or securities. Moreover, the values of some assets may not be susceptible to a precise determination, and values are subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for U.S. federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT asset requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our interests in our subsidiaries or in the securities of other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT asset tests.
 
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However, certain relief provisions are available to allow REITs to satisfy the asset requirements or to maintain REIT qualification notwithstanding certain violations of the asset and other requirements. For example, if we failed to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, such a failure would not cause us to lose our REIT qualification if (i) we satisfied the asset tests at the close of the preceding calendar quarter and (ii) the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset requirements was not wholly or partly caused by an acquisition of nonqualifying assets, but instead arose from changes in the relative market values of our assets. If the condition described in (ii) were not satisfied, we could nevertheless avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose or by making use of the relief provisions described above.
In the case of de minimis violations of the 10% and 5% asset tests, a REIT may maintain its qualification despite a violation of such requirements if (i) the value of the assets causing the violation does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REIT’s total assets and $10,000,000 and (ii) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or the relevant tests are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.
Even if we did not qualify for the foregoing relief provisions, one additional provision allows a REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements for a particular tax quarter to nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification if (i) the REIT provides the IRS with a description of each asset causing the failure, (ii) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (iii) the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of (a) $50,000 per failure and (b) the product of the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure multiplied by the highest applicable corporate tax rate and (iv) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or otherwise satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame.
Annual Distribution Requirements Applicable to REITs
To qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally must distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to:
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the sum of (i) 90% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain and (ii) 90% of our net income after tax, if any, from foreclosure property; minus
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the excess of the sum of specified items of non-cash income (including original issue discount on our mortgage loans) over 5% of our REIT taxable income, computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain.
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Distributions generally must be made during the taxable year to which they relate. Distributions may be made in the following year in two circumstances. First, if we declare a dividend in October, November or December of any year with a record date in one of these months and pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following year, we will be treated as having paid the dividend on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared. Second, distributions may be made in the following year if the dividends are declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and if made before the first regular dividend payment made after such declaration. These distributions are taxable to our stockholders in the year in which paid, even though the distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or we distribute at least 90%, but less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will be subject to tax on the undistributed amount at regular corporate tax rates.
To the extent that in the future we may have available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, will generally not affect the tax treatment to our stockholders of any distributions that are actually made.
If we fail to distribute during a calendar year (or, in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the end of January following such calendar year) at least the sum of (i) 85% of our ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of our capital gain net income for such year and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior years, we will be subject to a 4% excise
 
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tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (x) the amounts actually distributed (taking into account excess distributions from prior years) and (y) the amounts of income retained on which we have paid corporate income tax.
Although several types of non-cash income are excluded in determining the annual distribution requirement, we will incur corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax with respect to those non-cash income items if we do not distribute those items on a current basis. As a result of the foregoing, we may not have sufficient cash to distribute all of our taxable income and thereby avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional stock.
We may elect to retain rather than distribute all or a portion of our net capital gains and pay the tax on the gains. In that case, we may elect to have our stockholders include their proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gains in income as long-term capital gains and receive a credit for their share of the tax paid by us. Our stockholders would then increase the adjusted basis of their stock by the difference between (i) the amounts of capital gain dividends that we designated and that they include in their taxable income, minus (ii) the tax that we paid on their behalf with respect to that income. For purposes of the 4% excise tax described above, any retained amounts for which we elect this treatment would be treated as having been distributed.
We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the distribution requirements. However, it is possible that, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses, and the inclusion of items of income and deduction of expenses by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, we may decide to retain our cash, rather than distribute it, in order to repay debt, acquire assets or for other reasons. In the event that such timing differences occur, and in other circumstances, it may be necessary in order to satisfy the distribution requirements to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings, or to pay the dividends in the form of other property (including, for example, shares of our own stock).
If our taxable income for a particular year is subsequently determined to have been understated, under some circumstances we may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. However, we will be required to pay interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Like-Kind Exchanges
We may dispose of properties in transactions intended to qualify as like-kind exchanges under the Code. Such like-kind exchanges are intended to result in the deferral of gain for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The failure of any such transaction to qualify as a like-kind exchange could require us to pay U.S. federal income tax, possibly including the 100% prohibited transaction tax, depending on the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction.
Penalty Tax
Any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions, excess interest or redetermined TRS service income we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of any services furnished to any of our tenants by a taxable REIT subsidiary, and redetermined deductions and excess interest represent any amounts that are deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm’s-length negotiations. Rents that we receive will not constitute redetermined rents if they qualify for certain safe harbor provisions contained in the Code. Redetermined TRS service income is income earned by a taxable REIT subsidiary that is attributable to services provided to us, or on our behalf to any of our tenants, that is less than the amounts that would have been charged based upon arms’ length negotiations.
 
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Record Keeping Requirements
We are required to comply with applicable record keeping requirements. Failure to comply could result in monetary fines. For example, we must request on an annual basis information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding common stock.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements of REIT qualification, other than the income tests or asset requirements, then we may still retain REIT qualification if the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each failure.
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to tax as a C corporation for the entire taxable year. This would significantly reduce both our cash available for distribution to our stockholders and our earnings. If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be required to make any distributions to stockholders and any distributions that are made will not be deductible by us. Moreover, all distributions to stockholders would be taxable as dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, whether or not attributable to capital gains. Furthermore, subject to certain limitations in the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to those distributions, and individual, trust and estate distributees may be eligible for reduced U.S. federal income tax rates on such dividends. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we also will be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost.
Tax Aspects of the Operating Partnership and any Subsidiary Partnerships
General.   Substantially all of our assets will be held through the Operating Partnership. In addition, the Operating Partnership may hold certain investments indirectly through subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies which are treated as partnerships or disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, entities that are treated as partnerships or disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes are “pass-through” entities which are not required to pay U.S. federal income tax. Rather, partners or members of such entities are allocated their shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the partnership or limited liability company, and are potentially required to pay tax on this income, without regard to whether they receive a distribution from the partnership or limited liability company. A partner in such entities that is a REIT will include in its income its share of these partnership and limited liability company items for purposes of the various gross income tests, the computation of its REIT taxable income, and the REIT distribution requirements. Pursuant to these rules, for purposes of the asset tests, we will include our pro rata share of assets held by the Operating Partnership, including our share of its subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies, based on its capital interest in each such entity.
Entity Classification.   Our interests in the Operating Partnership and the subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies involve special tax considerations, including the possibility that the IRS might challenge the status of these entities as partnerships (or disregarded entities), as opposed to associations taxable as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For example, an entity that would otherwise be classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes may nonetheless be taxable as a corporation if it is a “publicly traded partnership” and certain other requirements are met. A partnership or limited liability company would be treated as a publicly traded partnership if its interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or a substantial equivalent thereof, within the meaning of applicable Treasury regulations. If the Operating Partnership or a subsidiary partnership or limited liability company were treated as an association rather than as a partnership, it would be taxable as a corporation and would be required to pay an entity-level tax on its income. In this situation, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT. See “— Failure to Qualify” for a discussion of the effects of our failure to meet the REIT asset and income tests. In addition, a change in the tax status of the Operating Partnership, a subsidiary partnership or limited liability company might be treated as a taxable event. If so, we might incur a tax liability without any related cash distributions. We do not anticipate that the Operating Partnership or any subsidiary partnership or limited liability company will be treated as a publicly traded partnership which is taxable as a corporation.
 
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U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships, such as the Operating Partnership or any subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes are conducted at the entity level, but unless such entity qualifies for and affirmatively elects an alternative procedure, any adjustments to the amount of tax due (including interest and penalties) will be payable by the entity itself. Under an alternative procedure, if elected, a partnership would issue information returns to persons who were partners in the audited year, who would then be required to take such adjustments into account in calculating their own tax liability, and the partnership would not be liable for the adjustments. If any of the Operating Partnership or our subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies is able to and in fact elects the alternative procedure for a given adjustment, the amount of taxes for which such persons will be liable will be increased by any applicable penalties and a special interest charge. There can be no assurance that any such entities will make such an election for any given adjustment.
Allocations of Income, Gain, Loss and Deduction.   A partnership agreement (or, in the case of a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the limited liability company agreement) will generally determine the allocation of partnership income and loss among partners. Generally, Section 704(b) of the Code and the Treasury regulations thereunder require that partnership allocations respect the economic arrangement of the partners. If an allocation of partnership income or loss does not comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Code and the Treasury regulations thereunder, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership. This reallocation will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. The Operating Partnership’s allocations of taxable income and loss are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Code and the Treasury regulations thereunder.
Tax Allocations with Respect to the Properties.   Under Section 704(c) of the Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership (including a limited liability company treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner so that the contributing partner is charged with the unrealized gain, or benefits from the unrealized loss, associated with the property at the time of the contribution, as adjusted from time to time. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss generally is equal to the difference between the fair market value or book value and the adjusted tax basis of the contributed property at the time of contribution (this difference is referred to as a book-tax difference), as adjusted from time to time. These allocations are solely for U.S. federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners.
Appreciated property may be contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for Operating Partnership units in connection with future acquisitions. The partnership agreement requires that allocations be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Code. Treasury regulations issued under Section 704(c) of the Code provide partnerships with a choice of several methods of accounting for book-tax differences. Any book-tax differences will be accounted for using any method approved under Section 704(c) of the Code and the applicable Treasury regulations as chosen by the general partner under the partnership agreement. Any property acquired by the Operating Partnership in a taxable transaction will initially have a tax basis equal to its fair market value, and Section 704(c) of the Code will not apply.
Taxation of U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock
U.S. Holder.   As used in the remainder of this discussion, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of our common stock that is for U.S. federal income tax purposes:
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a citizen or resident of the United States;
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a corporation (or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia;
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an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
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a trust if it (i) is subject to the primary supervision of a court within the United States and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (ii) has a valid election in effect under applicable Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
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If a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our common stock, the tax treatment of a partner will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner of a partnership holding common stock, you should consult your advisors. A “non-U.S. holder” is a beneficial owner of our common stock that is neither a U.S. holder nor a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes).
Distributions Generally.   As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions made by us to our taxable U.S. holders out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that are not designated as capital gain dividends or “qualified dividend income” will be taken into account by them as ordinary income taxable at ordinary income tax rates and will not qualify for the reduced capital gains rates that currently generally apply to distributions by non-REIT C corporations to certain non-corporate U.S. holders. In determining the extent to which a distribution constitutes a dividend for tax purposes, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to distributions with respect to our preferred stock, if any, and then to our common stock. Corporate stockholders will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to these distributions. U.S. holders that are individuals, trusts and estates generally may deduct 20% of “qualified REIT dividends” ​(i.e., REIT dividends other than capital gain dividends and portions of REIT dividends designated as qualified dividend income eligible for capital gain tax rates). The overall deduction is limited to 20% of the sum of the taxpayer’s taxable income (less net capital gain) and certain cooperative dividends, subject to further limitations based on taxable income. Without further legislation, the deduction would cease to apply after 2025.
Distributions in excess of both current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a U.S. holder to the extent that the distributions do not exceed the adjusted basis of the holder’s stock. Rather, such distributions will reduce the adjusted basis of the stock. To the extent that distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a U.S. holder’s stock, the U.S. holder generally must include such distributions in income as long-term capital gain if the shares have been held for more than one year, or short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for one year or less.
Distributions will generally be taxable, if at all, in the year of the distribution. However, if we declare a dividend in October, November or December of any year with a record date in one of these months and pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following year, we will be treated as having paid the dividend, and the stockholder will be treated as having received the dividend, on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared.
We will be treated as having sufficient earnings and profits to treat as a dividend any distribution we pay up to the amount required to be distributed in order to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax discussed above. Moreover, any “deficiency dividend” will be treated as an ordinary or capital gain dividend, as the case may be, regardless of our earnings and profits. As a result, U.S. holders may be required to treat certain distributions that would otherwise result in a tax-free return of capital as taxable dividends.
Capital Gain Dividends.   We may elect to designate distributions of our net capital gain as “capital gain dividends” to the extent that such distributions do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. Capital gain dividends are taxed to U.S. holders of our stock as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset held for more than one year. This tax treatment applies regardless of the period during which the stockholders have held their stock. If we designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend, the amount that will be taxable to the stockholder as capital gain will be indicated to U.S. holders on IRS Form 1099-DIV. Corporate stockholders, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of capital gain dividends as ordinary income. Capital gain dividends are not eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations.
Instead of paying capital gain dividends, we may elect to require stockholders to include our undistributed net capital gains in their income. If we make such an election, U.S. holders (i) will include in their income as long-term capital gains their proportionate share of such undistributed capital gains and (ii) will be deemed to have paid their proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gains and thereby receive a credit or refund to the extent that the tax paid by us exceeds the U.S. holder’s tax liability on the undistributed capital gain. A U.S. holder of our stock will increase the basis in its stock by the difference between the amount of capital gain included in its income and the amount of tax it is deemed to have paid. A
 
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U.S. holder that is a corporation will appropriately adjust its earnings and profits for the retained capital gain in accordance with Treasury regulations to be prescribed by the IRS. Our earnings and profits will be adjusted appropriately.
We must classify portions of our designated capital gain dividend into the following categories:
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a 20% gain distribution, which would be taxable to non-corporate U.S. holders of our stock at a federal rate of up to 20%; or
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an unrecaptured Section 1250 gain distribution, which would be taxable to non-corporate U.S. holders of our stock at a maximum rate of 25%.
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We must determine the maximum amounts that we may designate as 20% and 25% capital gain dividends by performing the computation required by the Code as if the REIT were an individual whose ordinary income were subject to a marginal tax rate of at least 28%. The IRS currently requires that distributions made to different classes of stock be comprised proportionately of dividends of a particular type.
Passive Activity Loss and Investment Interest Limitation.   Distributions that we make and gains arising from the disposition of our common stock by a U.S. holder will not be treated as passive activity income, and therefore U.S. holders will not be able to apply any “passive activity losses” against such income. Dividends paid by us, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, will generally be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment income limitation on the deduction of the investment interest.
Qualified Dividend Income.   Distributions that are treated as dividends may be taxed at capital gains rates, rather than ordinary income rates, if they are distributed to an individual, trust or estate, are properly designated by us as qualified dividend income and certain other requirements are satisfied. Dividends are eligible to be designated by us as qualified dividend income up to an amount equal to the sum of the qualified dividend income received by us during the year of the distribution from other C corporations such as taxable REIT subsidiaries, our “undistributed” REIT taxable income from the immediately preceding year, and any income attributable to the sale of a built-in gain asset from the immediately preceding year (reduced by any U.S. federal income taxes that we paid with respect to such REIT taxable income and built-in gain).
Dividends that we receive will be treated as qualified dividend income to us if certain criteria are met. The dividends must be received from a domestic corporation (other than a REIT or a regulated investment company) or a qualifying foreign corporation. A foreign corporation generally will be a qualifying foreign corporation if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States, the corporation is eligible for benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States which the Secretary of Treasury determines is satisfactory, or the stock on which the dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. However, if a foreign corporation is a passive foreign investment company, then it will not be treated as a qualifying foreign corporation, and the dividends we receive from such an entity would not constitute qualified dividend income.
Furthermore, certain exceptions and special rules apply to determine whether dividends may be treated as qualified dividend income to us. These rules include certain holding requirements that we would have to satisfy with respect to the stock on which the dividend is paid, and special rules with regard to dividends received from regulated investment companies and other REITs.
In addition, even if we designate certain dividends as qualified dividend income to our stockholders, the stockholder will have to meet certain other requirements for the dividend to qualify for taxation at capital gains rates. For example, the stockholder will only be eligible to treat the dividend as qualifying dividend income if the stockholder is taxed at individual rates and meets certain holding requirements. In general, in order to treat a particular dividend as qualified dividend income, a stockholder will be required to hold our stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date which is 60 days before the date on which the stock becomes ex-dividend.
Other Tax Considerations.   To the extent that we have available net operating losses and capital losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, are not passed through to stockholders and do not offset income of stockholders from other sources, nor would such losses affect the
 
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character of any distributions that we make, which are generally subject to tax in the hands of stockholders to the extent that we have current or accumulated earnings and profits.
Sales of Our Common Stock.   Upon any taxable sale or other disposition of our common stock (except pursuant to a repurchase by us, as described below), a U.S. holder of our common stock will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between:
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the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on such disposition; and
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the U.S. holder’s adjusted basis in such common stock for tax purposes.
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Gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the common stock has been held by the U.S. holder as a capital asset. The applicable tax rate will depend on the holder’s holding period in the asset (generally, if an asset has been held for more than one year, it will produce long-term capital gain) and the holder’s tax bracket.
In general, any loss upon a sale or exchange of our common stock by a U.S. holder who has held such stock for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) will be treated as a long-term capital loss, but only to the extent of distributions from us received by such U.S. holder that are required to be treated by such U.S. holder as long-term capital gains.
Repurchases of Our Common Stock.   A repurchase of our common stock will be treated as a distribution in exchange for the repurchased shares and taxed in the same manner as any other taxable sale or other disposition of our common stock discussed above, provided that the repurchase satisfies one of the tests enabling the repurchase to be treated as a sale or exchange. A repurchase will generally be treated as a sale or exchange if it (i) results in a complete termination of the holder’s interest in our common stock, (ii) results in a substantially disproportionate redemption with respect to the holder, or (iii) is not essentially equivalent to a dividend with respect to the holder. In determining whether any of these tests has been met, common stock actually owned, as well as common stock considered to be owned by the holder by reason of certain constructive ownership rules set forth in Section 318 of the Code, generally must be taken into account. The sale of common stock pursuant to a repurchase generally will result in a “substantially disproportionate” redemption with respect to a holder if the percentage of our then outstanding voting stock owned by the holder immediately after the sale is less than 80% of the percentage of our voting stock owned by the holder determined immediately before the sale. The sale of common stock pursuant to a repurchase generally will be treated as not “essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to a holder if the reduction in the holder’s proportionate interest in our stock as a result of our repurchase constitutes a “meaningful reduction” of such holder’s interest.
A repurchase that does not qualify as an exchange under such tests will constitute a dividend equivalent repurchase that is treated as a taxable distribution and taxed in the same manner as regular distributions, as described above under “— Distributions Generally.” In addition, although guidance is sparse, the IRS could take the position that a holder who does not participate in any repurchase treated as a dividend should be treated as receiving a constructive distribution of our common stock taxable as a dividend in the amount of their increased percentage ownership of our common stock as a result of the repurchase, even though the holder did not actually receive cash or other property as a result of the repurchase.
Medicare Tax.   Certain U.S. holders, including individuals and estates and trusts, are subject to an additional 3.8% Medicare tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which includes net gain from a sale or exchange of common stock and income from dividends paid on common stock. U.S. holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the Medicare tax.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock
The rules governing the U.S. federal income taxation of non-U.S. holders are complex. This section is only a summary of such rules. We urge non-U.S. holders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state and local income tax laws on ownership of the common stock, including any reporting requirements.
Distributions.   Distributions by us to a non-U.S. holder on our common stock that are neither attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of “U.S. real property interests” nor designated by us as capital gains dividends will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out
 
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of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. These distributions generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a gross basis at a rate of 30%, or a lower rate as may be specified under an applicable income tax treaty, unless the dividends are treated as effectively connected with the conduct by the non-U.S. holder of a trade or business within the United States. Under some treaties, however, lower rates generally applicable to dividends do not apply to dividends from REITs. Further, reduced treaty rates are not available to the extent the income allocated to the non-U.S. holder is excess inclusion income. Dividends that are effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business within the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, are attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment) will be subject to tax on a net basis, that is, after allowance for deductions, at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. holders are taxed with respect to these dividends, and are generally not subject to withholding. Applicable certification and disclosure requirements must be satisfied to be exempt from withholding under the effectively connected income exception. Any dividends received by a corporate non-U.S. holder that is engaged in a trade or business within the United States may also be subject to an additional branch profits tax at a 30% rate, or lower applicable treaty rate.
A non-U.S. holder of our common stock who wishes to claim the benefit of an applicable treaty rate and avoid backup withholding, as discussed below, for our ordinary dividends will be required (i) to complete the applicable IRS Form W-8 and certify under penalty of perjury that such holder is not a U.S. person as defined under the Code and is eligible for treaty benefits or (ii) if our common stock is held through certain foreign intermediaries, to satisfy the relevant certification requirements of applicable Treasury regulations. Special certification and other requirements apply to certain non-U.S. holders that are pass-through entities rather than corporations or individuals.
A non-U.S. holder of our common stock eligible for a reduced rate of U.S. withholding tax pursuant to an income tax treaty may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld by timely filing an appropriate claim for refund with the IRS.
Distributions that are neither attributable to gain from sales or exchanges of “U.S. real property interests” nor designated as capital gains dividends and that are in excess of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that do not exceed the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. holder in its common stock will reduce the non-U.S. holder’s adjusted basis in its common stock and will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. Distributions that are neither attributable to gain from sales or exchanges of “U.S. real property interests” nor designated as capital gains dividends and that are in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits that do exceed the adjusted basis of the non-U.S. holder in its common stock will be treated as gain from the sale of its stock, the tax treatment of which is described below under “— Sales of Our Common Stock.” Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether or not the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend.
We would be required to withhold at least 15% of any distribution to a non-U.S. holder in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if our common stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest with respect to such non-U.S. holder, as described below under “— Sales of Our Common Stock.” This withholding would apply even if a lower treaty rate otherwise applies or the non-U.S. holder is not liable for tax on the receipt of that distribution. However, a non-U.S. holder may seek a refund of these amounts from the IRS if the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. tax liability with respect to the distribution is less than the amount withheld.
Distributions to a non-U.S. holder that are designated by us at the time of the distribution as capital gain dividends, other than those arising from the disposition of a U.S. real property interest, generally should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation unless:
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The investment in the common stock is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the non-U.S. holder), in which case the non-U.S. holder will generally be subject to the same treatment as U.S. holders with respect to any gain, except that a holder that is a foreign corporation also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax, as discussed above; or
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•
The non-U.S. holder is an individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year of the distribution and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gains.
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Under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”), distributions to a non-U.S. holder that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of U.S. real property interests, whether or not designated as capital gain dividends, will cause the non-U.S. holder to be treated as recognizing gain that is income effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United States. Non-U.S. holders will be taxed on this gain at the same rates applicable to U.S. holders, subject to a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. Also, this gain may be subject to a 30% (or lower applicable treaty rate) branch profits tax in the hands of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation. A distribution is not attributable to a U.S. real property interest if we held an interest in the underlying asset solely as a creditor.
We will be required to withhold and remit to the IRS the highest rate of U.S. federal income tax applicable to each non-U.S. holder, based on the status of such holder, of any distributions to non-U.S. holders that are designated as capital gain dividends, or, if greater, the highest rate of U.S. federal income tax applicable to each non-U.S. holder, based on the status of such holder, of a distribution that could have been designated as a capital gain dividend, whether or not attributable to sales of U.S. real property interests. Distributions can be designated as capital gain dividends to the extent of our net capital gain for the taxable year of the distribution. The amount withheld, which for individual non-U.S. holders may exceed the actual tax liability, is creditable against the non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability.
However, the above withholding tax will not apply to any capital gain dividend with respect to (i) any class of our stock which is “regularly traded” on an established securities market located in the United States if the non-U.S. holder did not own more than 10% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending on the date of such dividend or (ii) a “qualified shareholder” or a “qualified foreign pension fund”. Instead, any capital gain dividend will be treated as a distribution subject to the rules discussed above under “— Distributions.” Also, the branch profits tax would not apply to such a distribution. However, it is not anticipated that our common stock will be “regularly traded” on an established securities market.
Although the law is not clear on the matter, it appears that amounts we designate as undistributed capital gains in respect of the stock held by U.S. holders generally should be treated with respect to non-U.S. holders in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends. Under that approach, the non-U.S. holders would be able to offset as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability resulting therefrom their proportionate share of the tax paid by us on the undistributed capital gains, and to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent that their proportionate share of this tax paid by us were to exceed their actual U.S. federal income tax liability. If we were to designate a portion of our net capital gain as undistributed capital gain, a non-U.S. holder is urged to consult its tax advisor regarding the taxation of such undistributed capital gain.
Sales of Our Common Stock.   Subject to the discussion below under “— Repurchases of Our Common Stock,” gain recognized by a non-U.S. holder upon the sale or exchange of our stock generally would not be subject to U.S. taxation unless:
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the investment in our common stock is effectively connected with the non-U.S. holder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States (and, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment of the non-U.S. holder), in which case the non-U.S. holder will be subject to the same treatment as domestic holders with respect to any gain;
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•
the non-U.S. holder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, in which case the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s net capital gains for the taxable year; or
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the non-U.S. holder is not a qualified shareholder or a qualified foreign pension fund (each as defined below) and our common stock constitutes a U.S. real property interest within the meaning of FIRPTA, as described below.
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We anticipate that our common stock will constitute a U.S. real property interest within the meaning of FIRPTA unless we are a domestically-controlled REIT. We will be a domestically-controlled REIT if, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of our stock is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. holders. Proposed Treasury regulations issued on December 29, 2022 modify the existing criteria for qualification as a domestically-controlled REIT and provide that the ownership by non-U.S. persons will be determined by looking through pass through entities and certain U.S. corporations, among others rules. No assurance can be given, however, that we are or will be a domestically-controlled REIT under current rules or proposed regulations or final rules, if and when enacted.
Even if we were not a domestically-controlled REIT, a sale of common stock by a non-U.S. holder would nevertheless not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a U.S. real property interest if:
•
our common stock were “regularly traded” on an established securities market within the meaning of applicable Treasury regulations; and
​
•
the non-U.S. holder did not actually, or constructively under specified attribution rules under the Code, own more than 10% of our common stock at any time during the shorter of the five-year period preceding the disposition or the holder’s holding period.
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However, it is not anticipated that our common stock will be “regularly traded” on an established securities market. If gain on the sale or exchange of our common stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. holder would be subject to regular U.S. income tax with respect to any gain in the same manner as a taxable U.S. holder, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals. In such a case, under FIRPTA the purchaser of common stock may be required to withhold 15% of the purchase price and remit this amount to the IRS.
Qualified Shareholders.   Subject to the exception discussed below, a qualified shareholder who holds our common stock directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will not be subject to FIRPTA withholding on distributions by us or dispositions of our common stock. While a qualified shareholder will not be subject to FIRPTA withholding on distributions by us or dispositions of our common stock, certain investors of a qualified shareholder (i.e., non-U.S. persons who hold interests in the qualified shareholder (other than interests solely as a creditor), and hold more than 10% of our common stock (whether or not by reason of the investor’s ownership in the qualified shareholder)) may be subject to FIRPTA withholding.
A qualified shareholder is a non-U.S. person that (i) either is eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty which includes an exchange of information program and whose principal class of interests is listed and regularly traded on one or more recognized stock exchanges (as defined in such comprehensive income tax treaty), or is a foreign partnership that is created or organized under foreign law as a limited partnership in a jurisdiction that has an agreement for the exchange of information with respect to taxes with the United States and has a class of limited partnership units representing greater than 50% of the value of all the partnership units that is regularly traded on the NYSE or NASDAQ markets, (ii) is a “qualified collective investment vehicle” ​(within the meaning of Section 897(k)(3)(B) of the Code), and (iii) maintains records on the identity of each person who, at any time during the foreign person’s taxable year, is the direct owner of 5% or more of the class of interests or units (as applicable) described in (i), above.
Qualified Foreign Pension Funds.   Any distribution to a qualified foreign pension fund (or an entity all of the interests of which are held by a qualified foreign pension fund) who holds our common stock directly or indirectly (through one or more partnerships) will not be subject to FIRPTA withholding on distributions by us or dispositions of our common stock.
A qualified foreign pension fund is any trust, corporation, or other organization or arrangement (i) which is created or organized under the law of a country other than the United States, (ii) which is established (a) by such country (or one or more political subdivisions thereof) to provide retirement or pension benefits to participants or beneficiaries that are current or former employees (including self-employed individuals) or persons designated by such employees, as a result of services rendered by such employees to their employers or (b) by one or more employers to provide retirement or pension benefits to participants or beneficiaries that are current or former employees (including self-employed individuals) or persons designated by such employees in consideration for services rendered by such employees to such employers, (iii) which does not have a single participant or beneficiary with a right to more than 5% of its assets or income, (iv) which is
 
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subject to government regulation and with respect to which annual information reporting about its beneficiaries is provided, or is otherwise available, to the relevant tax authorities in the country in which it is established or operates, and (v) with respect to which, under the laws of the country in which it is established or operates, (a) contributions to such organization or arrangement that would otherwise be subject to tax under such laws are deductible or excluded from the gross income of such entity or arrangement or taxed at a reduced rate, or (b) taxation of any investment income of such organization or arrangement is deferred or such income is excluded from the gross income of such entity or arrangement or is taxed at a reduced rate.
We urge non-U.S. holders to consult their own tax advisers to determine their eligibility for exemption from FIRPTA withholding and their qualification as a qualified shareholder or a qualified foreign pension fund.
Repurchases of Our Common Stock.   A repurchase of our common stock that is not treated as a sale or exchange will be taxed in the same manner as regular distributions under the rules described above. See “— Taxation of U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock — Repurchases of Our Common Stock” for a discussion of when a redemption will be treated as a sale or exchange and related matters.
A repurchase of our common stock generally will be subject to tax under FIRPTA to the extent the distribution in the repurchase is attributable to gains from our dispositions of U.S. real property interests. To the extent the distribution is not attributable to gains from our dispositions of U.S. real property interests, the excess of the amount of money received in the repurchase over the non-U.S. holder’s basis in the repurchased shares will be treated in the manner described above under “— Sales of Our Common Stock.” The IRS has released an official notice stating that repurchase payments may be attributable to gains from dispositions of U.S. real property interests (except when the 10% publicly traded exception would apply), but has not provided any guidance to determine when and what portion of a repurchase payment is a distribution that is attributable to gains from our dispositions of U.S. real property interests. Due to the uncertainty, we may withhold at the highest rate of U.S. federal income tax applicable to each non-U.S. holder, based on the status of such holder, from all or a portion of repurchase payments to non-U.S. holders other than qualified shareholders or qualified foreign pension funds. To the extent the amount of tax we withhold exceeds the amount of a non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, the non-U.S. holder may file a U.S. federal income tax return and claim a refund.
U.S. Federal Income Tax Returns.   If a non-U.S. holder is subject to taxation under FIRPTA on proceeds from the sale of our common stock or on distributions we make, the non-U.S. holder will be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return. Prospective non-U.S. holders are urged to consult their tax advisors to determine the impact of U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income tax laws on their ownership of our common stock, including any reporting requirements.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Holders of Our Common Stock
Provided that a tax-exempt holder has not held its common stock as “debt-financed property” within the meaning of the Code and our shares of stock are not being used in an unrelated trade or business, dividend income from us generally will not be unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”) to a tax-exempt holder. Similarly, income from the sale of our common stock will not constitute UBTI unless the tax-exempt holder has held its common stock as debt-financed property within the meaning of the Code or has used the common stock in a trade or business.
Further, for a tax-exempt holder that is a social club, voluntary employee benefit association, supplemental unemployment benefit trust or qualified group legal services plan exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Code, respectively, or a single parent title-holding corporation exempt under Section 501(c)(2) the income of which is payable to any of the aforementioned tax-exempt organizations, income from an investment in our common stock will constitute UBTI unless the organization properly sets aside or reserves such amounts for purposes specified in the Code. These tax-exempt holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning these “set aside” and reserve requirements.
Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a “pension-held REIT” are treated as UBTI as to any trust which is described in Section 401(a) of the Code, is tax-exempt under
 
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Section 501(a) of the Code, and holds more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. Tax-exempt pension funds that are described in Section 401(a) of the Code are referred to below as “pension trusts.”
A REIT is a “pension-held REIT” if it meets the following two tests:
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it would not have qualified as a REIT but for Section 856(h)(3) of the Code, which provides that stock owned by pension trusts will be treated, for purposes of determining whether the REIT is closely held, as owned by the beneficiaries of the trust rather than by the trust itself; and
​
•
either (i) at least one pension trust holds more than 25% of the value of the interests in the REIT, or (ii) a group of pension trusts each individually holding more than 10% of the value of the REIT’s stock, collectively owns more than 50% of the value of the REIT’s stock.
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The percentage of any REIT dividend from a “pension-held REIT” that is treated as UBTI is equal to the ratio of the UBTI earned by the REIT, treating the REIT as if it were a pension trust and therefore subject to tax on UBTI, to the total gross income of the REIT. An exception applies where the percentage is less than 5% for any year, in which case none of the dividends would be treated as UBTI. The provisions requiring pension trusts to treat a portion of REIT distributions as UBTI will not apply if the REIT is not a “pension-held REIT” ​(for example, if the REIT is able to satisfy the “not closely held requirement” without relying on the “look through” exception with respect to pension trusts). Because of our charter’s restrictions on the number of shares of our stock that a person may own, we do not anticipate that we will become a “pension-held REIT.”
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
Holders who participate in the distribution reinvestment plan will recognize taxable income in the amount they would have received had they elected not to participate, even though they receive no cash. These deemed distributions will be treated as actual distributions from us to the participating holders and will retain the character and U.S. federal income tax effects applicable to all distributions. Stock received under the plan will have a holding period beginning with the day after purchase, and a U.S. federal income tax basis equal to its cost, which is the gross amount of the deemed distribution.
Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting
U.S. Holders of Common Stock.   In general, information-reporting requirements will apply to payments of dividends and proceeds of the sale of our common stock held by U.S. holders, unless such U.S. holder is an exempt recipient. A backup withholding tax may apply to such payments if such U.S. holder fails to provide a taxpayer identification number or certification of other exempt status or fails to report in full dividend or interest income. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any U.S. holders who fail to certify their U.S. status to us. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a credit against your U.S. federal income tax liability, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Brokers that are required to report the gross proceeds from a sale of our common stock on IRS Form 1099-B will also be required to report the customer’s adjusted basis in the common stock sold and whether any gain or loss with respect to such stock is long-term or short-term. In some cases, there may be alternative methods of determining the basis in the common stock sold, in which case your broker will apply a default method of its choosing if you do not indicate which method you choose to have applied. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding these reporting requirements and their election options.
Non-U.S. Holders of Our Common Stock.   We must report annually to the IRS and to each non-U.S. holder the amount of dividends paid to such holder and the tax withheld with respect to such dividends, regardless of whether withholding was required. Copies of the information returns reporting such dividends and withholding may also be made available to the tax authorities in the country in which the non-U.S. holder resides under the provisions of an applicable income tax treaty.
A non-U.S. holder will be subject to backup withholding for dividends paid to such holder unless such holder certifies under penalty of perjury that it is a non-U.S. holder (and the payor does not have actual
 
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knowledge or reason to know that such holder is a “United States person” as defined under the Code), or such holder otherwise establishes an exemption.
Information reporting and, depending on the circumstances, backup withholding will apply to the proceeds of a sale of our common stock within the United States or conducted through certain U.S.-related financial intermediaries, unless the beneficial owner certifies under penalty of perjury that it is a non-U.S. holder (and the payor does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that the beneficial owner is a “United States person” as defined under the Code), or such owner otherwise establishes an exemption.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be allowed as a refund or a credit against a non-U.S. holder’s U.S. federal income tax liability provided the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the Treasury, which may result in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and interpretations. Changes to the U.S. federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in our common stock.
State and Local Taxes
We and our stockholders may be subject to state or local taxation in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we or they transact business or reside. Our state and local tax treatment and that of our stockholders may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax treatment discussed above. Consequently, prospective stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our common stock.
Tax Shelter Reporting
If a stockholder recognizes a loss with respect to stock of $2 million or more for an individual stockholder or $10 million or more for a corporate stockholder, the stockholder must file a disclosure statement with the IRS on Form 8886. Direct stockholders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempt from this reporting requirement, but stockholders of a REIT currently are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Stockholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.
Additional Withholding Requirements
Under Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code (such Sections commonly referred to as “FATCA”), a 30% U.S. federal withholding tax may apply to any ordinary dividends and other distributions that we pay to (i) a “foreign financial institution” ​(as specifically defined in the Code) which does not provide sufficient documentation, typically on IRS Form W-8BEN-E, evidencing either (x) an exemption from FATCA, or (y) its compliance (or deemed compliance) with FATCA (which may alternatively be in the form of compliance with an intergovernmental agreement with the United States) in a manner that avoids withholding, or (ii) a “non-financial foreign entity” ​(as specifically defined in the Code) which does not provide sufficient documentation, typically on IRS Form W-8BEN-E, evidencing either (x) an exemption from FATCA, or (y) adequate information regarding certain substantial U.S. beneficial owners of such entity (if any). If a dividend payment is both subject to withholding under FATCA and subject to withholding tax discussed above, the withholding under FATCA may be credited against, and therefore reduce, such other withholding tax. Non-U.S. holders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of this legislation in light of their individual circumstances.
 
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CERTAIN ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of certain considerations associated with the purchase and holding of any class of our shares of common stock by any (i) “employee benefit plan” ​(within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA) which is subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii) “plan” described in Section 4975 of the Code which is subject to Section 4975 of the Code (including, without limitation, an individual retirement account (IRA) and a “Keogh” plan), (iii) plan, fund, account or other arrangement that is subject to provisions under any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to the fiduciary responsibility or prohibited transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (collectively, “Similar Laws”), and (iv) entity whose underlying assets are considered to include the assets of any of the foregoing described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii), pursuant to ERISA or otherwise (each of the foregoing described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) being referred to as a “Plan”).
General Fiduciary Matters
ERISA and the Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of a Plan that is a Benefit Plan Investor (defined below) subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code and prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of a Benefit Plan Investor and its fiduciaries or other interested parties. Under ERISA and the Code, any person who exercises any discretionary authority or control over the administration of such a Benefit Plan Investor or the management or disposition of the assets of such a Benefit Plan Investor, or who renders investment advice for a fee or other compensation to such a Benefit Plan Investor, is generally considered to be a fiduciary of the Benefit Plan Investor.
In considering an investment in any class of our shares of common stock of a portion of the assets of any Plan, a fiduciary should consider, among other things, whether an investment in the shares is appropriate for the Plan, taking into account the provisions of the Plan documents, the overall investment policy of the Plan and the composition of the Plan’s investment portfolio, as there are imposed on Plan fiduciaries certain fiduciary requirements, including those of investment prudence and diversification and the requirement that a Plan’s investments be made in accordance with the documents governing the Plan. Further, a fiduciary should consider that in the future there may be no market in which such Plan would be able to sell or otherwise dispose of the shares.
Prohibited Transaction Issues
Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit Benefit Plan Investors from engaging in specified transactions involving plan assets with persons or entities who are “parties in interest,” within the meaning of ERISA, or “disqualified persons,” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code, unless an exemption is available. A party in interest or disqualified person who engaged in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. In addition, the fiduciary of the Benefit Plan Investor that engaged in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. The fiduciary of a Benefit Plan Investor that proposes to purchase or hold any shares of our common stock should consider, among other things, whether such purchase and holding may involve the sale or exchange of any property between a Benefit Plan Investor and a party in interest or disqualified person, or the transfer to, or use by or for the benefit of, a party in interest or disqualified person, of any plan assets. Depending on the satisfaction of certain conditions which may include the identity of the fiduciary of the Benefit Plan Investor making the decision to acquire or hold the shares on behalf of a Benefit Plan Investor, Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption (“PTCE”) 91-38 (relating to investments by bank collective investment funds), PTCE 84-14 (relating to transactions effected by a “qualified professional asset manager”), PTCE 95-60 (relating to investments by an insurance company general account), PTCE 96-23 (relating to transactions directed by an in-house asset manager) or PTCE 90-1 (relating to investments by insurance company pooled separate accounts) could provide an exemption from the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. However, there can be no assurance that any of the foregoing exemptions or any other class, administrative or statutory exemption will be available with respect to any particular transaction involving the shares. It is also possible that one of these exemptions could apply to some aspect of the acquisition or holding of such shares, but not apply to some other aspect of such acquisition or holding. Each of the above-noted exemptions contains conditions and limitations on its application. Fiduciaries of Benefit Plan
 
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Investors considering acquiring and/or holding our shares in reliance on these or any other exemption should carefully review the exemption in consultation with its own legal advisors to assure it is applicable. There can be no assurance that all of the conditions of any such exemptions will be satisfied.
Plan Assets Issues
An additional issue concerns the extent to which we or all or a portion of our assets could themselves be treated as subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. ERISA and the Plan Asset Regulations concerns the definition of what constitutes the assets of a Benefit Plan Investor for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of Section 4975 of the Code.
Under ERISA and the Plan Asset Regulations, generally when a Benefit Plan Investor acquires an “equity interest” in an entity that is neither a “publicly-offered security” ​(within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations) nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, the Benefit Plan Investor’s assets include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the entity, unless it is established either that less than 25% of the total value of each class of equity interest in the entity is held by “benefit plan investors” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations (the “25% Test”) or that the entity is an “operating company” as defined in the Plan Asset Regulations. The Plan Asset Regulations defines an “equity interest” as any interest in an entity other than an instrument that is treated as indebtedness under applicable local law and which has no substantial equity features.
For purposes of the 25% Test, the assets of an entity will not be treated as “plan assets” if, immediately after the most recent acquisition of any equity interest in the entity, less than 25% of the total value of each class of equity interest in the entity is held by “Benefit Plan Investors,” excluding equity interests held by persons (other than Benefit Plan Investors) with discretionary authority or control over the assets of the entity or who provide investment advice for a fee (direct or indirect) with respect to such assets, and any affiliates thereof. The term “benefit plan investors” ​(“Benefit Plan Investors”) is generally defined to include employee benefit plans subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (including “Keogh” plans and IRAs), as well as any entity whose underlying assets include plan assets by reason of a plan’s investment in such entity (e.g., an entity of which 25% or more of the total value of any class of equity interests is held by benefit plan investors and which does not satisfy another exception under ERISA).
Under the Plan Asset Regulations, a “publicly-offered security” is a security that is (a) “freely transferable,” ​(b) part of a class of securities that is “widely held,” and (c) (i) sold to the Benefit Plan Investor as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the class of securities to which such security is a part is registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering of such securities to the public has occurred, or (ii) is part of a class of securities that is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.
Operating Companies
The definition of an “operating company” in the Plan Asset Regulations includes, among other things, a “venture capital operating company” ​(a “VCOC”). Generally, in order to qualify as a VCOC, an entity must demonstrate on its “initial valuation date” and on at least one day within each “annual valuation period,” at least 50% of its assets, valued at cost (other than short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors), are invested in operating companies (other than VCOCs) (i.e., operating entities that (x) are primarily engaged directly, or through a majority owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or service other than the investment of capital, or (y) qualify as “real estate operating companies,” as defined in the Plan Asset Regulations) in which such entity has direct contractual management rights. In addition, to qualify as a VCOC, an entity must, in the ordinary course of its business, actually exercise such management rights with respect to at least one of the operating companies in which it invests. Similarly, the term “operating company” in the Plan Asset Regulations includes an entity that qualifies as a “real estate operating company” ​(“REOC”). An entity should qualify as a REOC if (i) on its “initial valuation date” and on at least one day within each “annual valuation period,” at least 50% of
 
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the entity’s assets, valued at cost (other than short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors) are invested in real estate that is managed or developed and with respect to which such entity has the right to substantially participate directly in management or development activities; and (ii) such entity in the ordinary course of its business is engaged directly in the management and development of real estate during specified periods. The “initial valuation date” is the date on which the entity first makes an investment that is not a short-term investment of funds pending long-term commitment. An entity’s “annual valuation period” is a pre-established period not exceeding 90 days in duration, which begins no later than the anniversary of the entity’s initial valuation date. The Plan Asset Regulations do not provide specific guidance regarding what rights will qualify as management rights, and the U.S. Department of Labor (the “DOL”) has consistently taken the position that such determination can only be made in light of the surrounding facts and circumstances of each particular case, substantially limiting the degree to which it can be determined with certainty whether particular rights will satisfy this requirement.
To the extent any class of our common stock is not “publicly-offered” or otherwise satisfies another exception to the Plan Asset Regulations, we will use reasonable efforts to ensure that the terms and conditions of our investments, and the rights obtained and exercised with respect to such investments, will enable us to qualify as a VCOC or a REOC within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations from and after the date we make our first investment. However, no assurance can be given that this will be the case.
If the assets of the Company were deemed to be “plan assets” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations (i.e., if we fail to qualify as a VCOC or a REOC as of our initial valuation date, or during any subsequent annual valuation period, and no other exception under ERISA applies), this would result, among other things, in (i) the application of the prudence and other fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA to investments made by the Company, and (ii) the possibility that certain transactions in which the Company might seek to engage could constitute “prohibited transactions” under ERISA and the Code. If a prohibited transaction occurs for which no exemption is available, the Adviser and/or any other fiduciary that has engaged in the prohibited transaction could be required to (i) restore to the stockholders that are Benefit Plan Investors any profit realized on the transaction and (ii) reimburse the Benefit Plan Investors for any losses suffered by the Benefit Plan Investor as a result of the investment. In addition, each disqualified person (within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code) involved could be subject to an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved in the prohibited transaction for each year the transaction continues and, unless the transaction is corrected within statutorily required periods, to an additional tax of 100%. Fiduciaries of Benefit Plan Investors who decide to invest in the Company could, under certain circumstances, be liable for prohibited transactions or other violations as a result of their investment in the Company or as co-fiduciaries for actions taken by or on behalf of the Company or the Adviser. With respect to an IRA that invests in the Company, the occurrence of a prohibited transaction involving the individual who established the IRA, or his or her beneficiaries, would cause the IRA to lose its tax-exempt status. In addition, if our assets are deemed to be “plan assets” under the Plan Asset Regulations, our management, as well as various providers of fiduciary or other services to us, and any other parties with authority or control with respect to us or our assets, may be considered fiduciaries under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code, or otherwise parties in interest or disqualified persons by virtue of their provision of such services (and there could be an improper delegation of authority to such providers).
In addition, ERISA generally provides that discretionary authority with respect to the management and disposition of the assets of a Benefit Plan Investor may be delegated to certain “investment managers” who acknowledge that they are fiduciaries of the Benefit Plan Investor. In such case, a fiduciary of the Benefit Plan Investor who has appointed an investment manager will generally not be liable for the acts of such investment manager. We do not expect to be an “investment manager” within the meaning of ERISA. Consequently, if our assets are deemed to constitute “plan assets” of any stockholder which is a Benefit Plan Investor, the fiduciary of any such Benefit Plan Investor would not be protected from liability resulting from our decisions.
Independent Fiduciaries with Financial Expertise.
This prospectus does not constitute an undertaking to provide impartial investment advice and it is not our intention to act in a fiduciary capacity with respect to any Plan. BGO, the Adviser and their respective affiliates have a financial interest in investors’ investment in shares of our common stock on account of the
 
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fees and other compensation they expect to receive (as the case may be) from the Company and their other relationships with the Company as contemplated in this prospectus. Any such fees and compensation do not constitute fees or compensation rendered for the provision of investment advice to any Plan. Each Plan will be deemed to represent and warrant that it is advised by a fiduciary that is (a) independent of BGO, the Adviser, and their respective affiliates; (b) capable of evaluating investment risks independently, both in general and with respect to particular transactions and investment strategies contemplated in this prospectus; and (c) a fiduciary (under ERISA, Section 4975 of the Code or applicable Similar Law) with respect to the Plan’s investment in shares of our commons stock, who is responsible for exercising independent judgment in evaluating the Plan’s investment in the shares and any related transactions.
Reporting of Indirect Compensation
ERISA’s general reporting and disclosure rules, certain Benefit Plan Investors subject to Title I of ERISA are required to file annual reports (Form 5500) with the DOL regarding their assets, liabilities and expenses. To facilitate compliance with these requirements it is noted that the descriptions contained in this prospectus of fees and compensation, including the management fee payable to the Adviser and the performance participation allocation payable to the Special Limited Partner are intended to satisfy the disclosure requirements for “eligible indirect compensation” for which the alternative reporting option on Schedule C of Form 5500 may be available.
Representation
By acceptance of any class of shares of our common stock, each purchaser and subsequent transferee of a share will be deemed to have represented and warranted that either (i) no portion of the assets used by such purchaser or transferee to acquire or hold the shares constitutes assets of any Plan or (ii) the purchase and holding of the shares by such purchaser or transferee will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or similar violation under any applicable Similar Laws.
The sale of shares of our common stock to a Plan is in no respect a representation by us or any other person associated with this offering of our common stock that such an investment meets all relevant legal requirements with respect to investments by Plans generally or any particular Plan, or that such an investment is appropriate for Plans generally or any particular Plan.
Each Plan investor is advised to contact its own investment professional or other fiduciary unrelated to the Adviser, the Special Limited Partner, the Dealer Manager, BGO, or any of our or their respective affiliates about whether an investment in our shares of common stock, or any decision to continue to hold, transfer, vote or provide any consent with respect to any such shares, may be appropriate for the Plan’s circumstances.
The preceding discussion is only a summary of certain ERISA implications of an investment in the securities and does not purport to be complete. Prospective investors should consult with their own legal, tax, financial and other advisors prior to investing to review these implications in light of such investor’s particular circumstances.
Each purchaser or transferee that is or is acting on behalf of a Plan should consult with its legal advisor concerning the potential consequences to the Plan under ERISA, Section 4975 of the Code or applicable Similar Law of an investment in any class of our shares.
 
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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
We are offering up to $5,000,000,000 in shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus on a “best efforts” basis through BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC, the Dealer Manager, a registered broker-dealer affiliated with the Adviser. Because this is a “best efforts” offering, the Dealer Manager must only use its best efforts to sell the shares, which means that no underwriter, broker-dealer or other person will be obligated to purchase any shares. Our offering consists of up to $4,000,000,000 in shares in our primary offering and up to $1,000,000,000 in shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We reserve the right to reallocate shares of common stock between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
We are offering to the public four classes of shares of our common stock: Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. We are offering to sell any combination of share classes with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. All investors must meet the suitability standards discussed in the section of this prospectus entitled “Suitability Standards.” The share classes have different upfront selling commissions and different ongoing stockholder servicing fees.
Class T shares and Class S shares are available through brokerage and transactional-based accounts. Class D shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class D shares, (2) through participating broker-dealers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class D shares, (3) through transaction/brokerage platforms at participating broker-dealers, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) through bank trust departments or any other organization or person authorized to act in a fiduciary capacity for its clients or customers or (6) other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. Class I shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Class I shares, (2) by endowments, foundations, pension funds and other institutional investors, (3) through participating broker-dealers that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Class I shares, (4) through certain registered investment advisers (“RIAs”) and other financial professionals or managers exempt from federal or state RIA registration, (5) by our executive officers and directors and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of the Adviser, BGO or other affiliates and their immediate family members, and joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers, (6) Other BGO Accounts or (7) other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. In certain cases, where a holder of Class S shares, Class T shares or Class D shares exits a relationship with a participating broker-dealer or other intermediary for this offering and does not enter into a new relationship with a participating broker-dealer or other intermediary for this offering, such holder’s shares may be exchanged for a number of Class I shares with an equivalent NAV. In such instances, the Dealer Manager will not serve as the broker-dealer for such stockholder. We also offer Class I shares to certain feeder vehicles primarily created to hold our Class I shares, which in turn offer interests in themselves to investors; we may conduct such offerings pursuant to exemptions to registration under the Securities Act or as a part of this offering. We may also offer Class I shares to other investment vehicles. Such feeder vehicles may have additional costs and expenses, which would be disclosed in connection with the offering of their interests. The minimum initial investment for Class I shares is $1,000,000, unless waived by us. If you are eligible to purchase all four classes of shares, you should consider, among other things, the amount of your investment, the length of time you intend to hold the shares and the upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees attributable to the Class T shares, Class S shares or Class D shares. The Dealer Manager will not sell shares directly to retail customers (as defined in “Suitability Standards” above) or have a relationship with you (including if you exit a relationship with a participating broker-dealer or other intermediary), and you should consult with your participating broker-dealer or your investment professional as to the suitability to you of an investment in our shares. Before making your investment decision, please consult with your investment professional regarding your account type and the classes of common stock you may be eligible to purchase. Some investment professionals may offer and sell only one or a limited number of the classes of our common stock being sold in this offering.
The number of shares we have registered pursuant to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is the number that we reasonably expect to be offered and sold within two years from the initial
 
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effective date of the registration statement. Under applicable SEC rules, we may extend this offering one additional year if all of the shares we have registered are not yet sold within two years. With the filing of a registration statement for a subsequent offering, we may also be able to extend this offering beyond three years until the follow-on registration statement is declared effective. Pursuant to this prospectus, we are offering to the public all of the shares that we have registered. Although we have registered a fixed dollar amount of our shares, we intend effectively to conduct a continuous offering of an unlimited number of shares of our common stock over an unlimited time period by filing a new registration statement prior to the end of the three-year period described in Rule 415. In certain states, the registration of our offering may continue for only one year following the initial clearance by applicable state authorities, after which we will renew the offering period for additional one-year periods (or longer, if permitted by the laws of each particular state).
We reserve the right to terminate this offering at any time and to extend our offering term to the extent permissible under applicable law.
Purchase Price
The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, the purchase price per share for each class of our common stock will vary and will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such class, as determined monthly, plus any applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Although the price you pay for shares of our common stock will generally be based on the prior month’s NAV per share, the NAV per share of such stock as of the date on which your purchase is settled may be significantly different. We may offer shares at a price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of such stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share (including by updating a previously disclosed offering price) or suspend our offering or our share repurchase plan in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month. The NAV per share for the share classes we are offering to the public may differ because stockholder servicing fees, management fees and the performance participation allocable to a specific class of shares are only included in the NAV calculation for that class. See “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines” for more information about the calculation of NAV per share.
If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, the cash distributions attributable to the class of shares that you purchase in our primary offering will be automatically invested in additional shares of the same class. The per share purchase price for shares purchased pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the transaction price at the time the distribution is payable, which will generally be equal to our prior month’s NAV per share for that share class.
Underwriting Compensation
We will enter into the Dealer Manager Agreement with the Dealer Manager, pursuant to which the Dealer Manager will agree to, among other things, manage our relationships with third-party broker-dealers engaged by the Dealer Manager to participate in the distribution of shares of our common stock, which we refer to as “participating broker-dealers,” and other intermediaries and investment professionals. The Dealer Manager also coordinates our marketing and distribution efforts with participating broker-dealers, their registered representatives and other investment professionals with respect to communications related to the terms of the offering, our investment strategies, material aspects of our operations and subscription procedures. We will not pay referral or similar fees to any accountants, attorneys or other persons in connection with the distribution of our shares. The payments the Dealer Manager makes to participating broker-dealers and other intermediaries and financial professionals may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer, intermediary or financial professional to recommend investing in our shares over another investment. Ask your financial professional or visit your intermediary’s website for more information.
We also expect to enter into a Sub-Dealer Manager Agreement (the “Sub-Dealer Manager Agreement”) with Advisors Asset Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“AAM”), pursuant to which the Dealer
 
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Manager may delegate certain of its responsibilities to AAM. Pursuant to the terms of the Sub-Dealer Manager Agreement, the Dealer Manager will pay AAM a fee equal to 0.25% of the Company’s NAV attributable to Class S, T, D and I shares, the sale of which was sourced by AAM through financial professionals participating in this offering, payable in cash, Class E shares, Class I shares, Class E units or Class I units of the Operating Partnership, or a combination thereof, in the same manner and proportion that the Adviser’s management fee is paid.
Other Compensation
The Dealer Manager and/or the Adviser, without reimbursement by us, may also pay AAM certain fees in connection with the distribution of our shares.
Summary
The following table shows the upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees payable at the time you subscribe for shares for Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares.
​ ​ ​
Maximum Upfront Selling
Commissions as a % of
Transaction Price
​ ​
Maximum Upfront Dealer
Manager Fees as a % of
Transaction Price
​
Class T shares(1)
​ ​
up to 3.0%
​ ​
0.5%
​
Class S shares
​ ​
up to 3.5%
​ ​
None
​
Class D shares
​ ​
up to 1.5%
​ ​
None
​
Class I shares
​ ​
None
​ ​
None
​
​
(1)
Such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers, provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price.
​
The following table shows the stockholder servicing fees we will pay the Dealer Manager with respect to the Class T, Class S, Class D and Class I on an annualized basis as a percentage of our NAV for such class. The stockholder servicing fees will be paid monthly in arrears.
​ ​ ​
Stockholder Servicing
Fee as a % of NAV
​
Class T shares
​ ​
0.85%(1)
​
Class S shares
​ ​
0.85%
​
Class D shares
​ ​
0.25%
​
Class I shares
​ ​
None
​
​
(1)
Consists of an investment professional stockholder servicing fee and a dealer stockholder servicing fee.
​
Upfront Selling Commissions and Dealer Manager Fees
Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D Shares.   Subject to any discounts described below, the Dealer Manager will be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.0%, and upfront dealer manager fees of 0.5%, of the transaction price of each Class T share sold in the primary offering, however such amounts may vary at certain participating broker-dealers provided that the sum will not exceed 3.5% of the transaction price. Subject to any discounts described below, the Dealer Manager will be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 3.5% of the transaction price of each Class S share sold in the primary offering. Subject to any discounts described below, the Dealer Manager will be entitled to receive upfront selling commissions of up to 1.5% of the transaction price of each Class D share sold in the primary offering. The Dealer Manager anticipates that all or a portion of the upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees will be retained by, or reallowed (paid) to, participating broker-dealers.
Investors who purchase $150,000 or more in Class T shares or Class S shares from the same broker-dealer, whether in a single purchase or as the result of multiple purchases, may be eligible, depending on the policies of their participating broker-dealer, for volume discounts on the upfront selling commissions. The Dealer
 
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Manager and any participating broker-dealers that offer volume discounts to their clients and their registered representatives will be responsible for implementing the volume discounts. The net offering proceeds we receive will not be affected by any reduction of upfront selling commissions. Certain participating broker-dealers may elect not to offer volume discounts to their clients.
The following table illustrates the various discount levels that may be offered for Class T shares and Class S shares purchased in the primary offering:
Your Investment
​ ​
Upfront
Selling Commissions as a % of
Transaction Price of Class S
Share
​ ​
Upfront
Selling Commissions as a % of
Transaction Price of Class T
Share
​
Up to $149,999.99
​ ​ ​ ​ 3.50% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.00% ​ ​
$150,000 to $499,999.99
​ ​ ​ ​ 3.00% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.50% ​ ​
$500,000 to $999,999.99
​ ​ ​ ​ 2.50% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2.00% ​ ​
$1,000,000 and up
​ ​ ​ ​ 2.00% ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1.50% ​ ​
If you qualify for a volume discount as the result of multiple purchases of our Class T or Class S shares, you will receive the benefit of the applicable volume discount for the individual purchase which qualified you for the volume discount, but you will not be entitled to the benefit for prior purchases. Additionally, once you qualify for a volume discount, you will receive the benefit for subsequent purchases through the same participating broker-dealer. For this purpose, if you purchase Class T shares or Class S shares issued and sold in this offering you will receive the benefit of such Class T shares or Class S share purchases in connection with qualifying for volume discounts in our subsequent offerings through the same participating broker-dealer.
For purposes of qualifying for a volume discount as the result of multiple purchases of shares, only an individual or entity with the same social security number or taxpayer identification number, as applicable may combine their purchases as a “single purchaser”; provided that, certain participating broker-dealers may also combine purchases by an individual investor and his or her spouse living in the same household as a “single purchaser” for purposes of determining the applicable volume discount.
Requests to combine purchase orders of Class T shares or Class S shares as a part of a combined order for the purpose of qualifying for discounts or fee waivers must be made in writing by the broker-dealer, and any resulting reduction in upfront selling commissions will be prorated among the separate subscribers. As with discounts provided to other purchasers, the net proceeds we receive from the sale of shares will not be affected by discounts provided as a result of a combined order.
Your ability to receive a discount or fee waiver based on combining orders or otherwise may depend on the investment professional or broker-dealer through which you purchase your Class T shares or Class S shares. An investor qualifying for a discount will receive a higher percentage return on his or her investment than investors who do not qualify for such discount. Accordingly, you should consult with your investment professional about the ability to receive such discounts or fee waivers before purchasing Class T shares or Class S shares.
Class I Shares.   No upfront selling commissions will be paid with respect to Class I shares sold in this offering.
Stockholder Servicing Fees — Class T Shares, Class S Shares and Class D Shares
Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation and certain other limitations described below, we will pay the Dealer Manager selling commissions over time as a stockholder servicing fee (i) with respect to our outstanding Class T shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class T shares, consisting of an advisor stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV for the Class T shares, however, with respect to Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, the advisor stockholder servicing fee and the dealer stockholder servicing fee may be other amounts, provided that the sum of such fees will always equal 0.85% per annum of the NAV of such shares, (ii) with respect to our outstanding Class S shares
 
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equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class S shares and (iii) with respect to our outstanding Class D shares equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class D shares. We will not pay a stockholder servicing fee with respect to our outstanding Class I shares or Class E shares. The stockholder servicing fees are selling commissions paid over time. The stockholder servicing expenses borne by the participating brokers may be different from and substantially less than the amount of stockholder servicing fees charged.
The stockholder servicing fees will be paid monthly in arrears. The Dealer Manager will reallow (pay) all or a portion of the stockholder servicing fees to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and will waive stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services. Because the stockholder servicing fees with respect to Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares are calculated based on the aggregate NAV for all of the outstanding shares of each such class, it reduces the NAV with respect to all shares of each such class, including shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan.
We will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee with respect to any Class T share, Class S share or Class D share held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to the shares held by such stockholder within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% (or, in the case of Class T shares sold through certain participating broker-dealers, a lower limit as set forth in the applicable agreement between the Dealer Manager and a participating broker-dealer at the time such Class T shares were issued) of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under our distribution reinvestment plan with respect thereto). At the end of such month, such Class T share, Class S share or Class D share will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares), each with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share. Although we cannot predict the length of time over which the stockholder servicing fee will be paid due to potential changes in the NAV of our shares, this fee would be paid with respect to a Class T share (in the case of a limit of 8.75% of gross proceeds) or Class S share over approximately 7 years from the date of purchase and with respect to a Class D share over approximately 30 years from the date of purchase, assuming payment of the full upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees, opting out of the distribution reinvestment plan and a constant NAV of $10.00 per share. Under these assumptions, if a stockholder holds his or her shares for these time periods, this fee with respect to a Class T share or Class S share would total approximately $0.56 and with respect to a Class D share would total approximately $0.74.
Eligibility to receive the stockholder servicing fee is conditioned on a broker-dealer entering into a participating dealer agreement with the Dealer Manager and providing some or all of the following ongoing services with respect to the Class T shares, Class S shares or Class D shares: assistance with recordkeeping, answering investor inquiries regarding us, including regarding distribution payments and reinvestments, helping investors understand their investments upon their request, and assistance with share repurchase requests. Holders of our Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares will receive the same services as described above regardless of the level of the stockholder servicing fee paid. For Class T shares, advisor stockholder services are answering investor inquiries regarding us, including regarding distribution payments and reinvestments, helping investors understand their investments upon their request, and assistance with share repurchase requests and dealer stockholder services are assistance with recordkeeping. If the applicable broker-dealer is not eligible to receive the stockholder servicing fee due to failure to provide these services, the Dealer Manager will waive the stockholder servicing fee that broker-dealer would have otherwise been eligible to receive. The stockholder servicing fees are ongoing fees that are not paid at the time of purchase and are similar to a commission in that the amount of fees is fixed regardless of the specific services provided.
The stockholder services described above do not include account monitoring. Broker-dealers separately may offer account monitoring services to their clients but are not required to do so. Your broker-dealer’s Client Relationship Summary discloses whether it offers account monitoring services, and if so, you may contact your broker-dealer for more information. The Dealer Manager will not monitor your account.
 
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Other Compensation
We or the Adviser may also pay directly, or reimburse the Dealer Manager if the Dealer Manager pays on our behalf, any organization and offering expenses (other than upfront selling commissions and stockholder servicing fees).
Limitations on Underwriting Compensation
In addition to the conversion feature described above in “— Stockholder Servicing Fees — Class T Shares, Class S Shares and Class D Shares,” we will cease paying the stockholder servicing fee on the Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including upfront selling commissions, the stockholder servicing fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. If not already converted as described above in “— Stockholder Servicing Fees — Class T Shares, Class S Shares and Class D Shares,” on the earliest of the foregoing, each Class T share, Class S share and Class D share (including any fractional share) held in a stockholder’s account will convert into a number of Class I shares (or fraction thereof) with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such shares. The Dealer Manager will monitor the aggregate amount of underwriting compensation that we and the Adviser pay in connection with this offering in order to ensure we comply with the underwriting compensation limits of applicable FINRA rules. FINRA rules and the NASAA REIT Guidelines also limit our total organization and offering expenses (including upfront selling commissions, reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses of participating broker-dealers supported by detailed and itemized invoices and other underwriting compensation) to 15% of our gross offering proceeds from this offering. After the termination of the primary offering and again after termination of the offering under our distribution reinvestment plan, the Adviser has agreed to reimburse us to the extent that organization and offering expenses that we incur exceed 15% of our gross proceeds from the applicable offering.
In order to show the maximum amount of compensation that may be paid in connection with this offering, the following table assumes that (1) we sell all of the shares offered by this prospectus, (2) all shares sold in the offering are Class S shares, (3) no shares are reallocated between the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan, (4) all Class S shares are sold with the highest possible upfront selling commissions and (5) NAV per share remains $10.00. The table does not give effect to any shares issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. The following table also assumes that we will cease paying stockholder servicing fees with respect to any Class S stockholder after the time the total upfront selling commissions and stockholder servicing fees paid with respect to the shares in such Class S stockholder’s account reach 8.75% of the gross proceeds from the offering of such Class S shares in the aggregate (assuming such stockholder purchased all of his/her Class S shares at the same time).
Maximum Estimated Underwriting Fees and Expenses
At Maximum Primary Offering of $4,000,000,000
​
Upfront selling commissions
​ ​ ​ $ 135,265,700 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3.38% ​ ​
​
Stockholder servicing fees(1)
​ ​ ​ ​ 214,734,300 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5.37% ​ ​
​
Other costs and reimbursement of wholesaling activities(2)
​ ​ ​ ​ 25,033,333 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0.63% ​ ​
​
Legal fees allocable to the Dealer Manager
​ ​ ​ ​ 400,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 0.01% ​ ​
​ Total(2) ​ ​ ​ $ 375,433,333 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9.39% ​ ​
​
(1)
We will pay the Dealer Manager a stockholder servicing fee with respect to our outstanding Class S shares equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of our outstanding Class S shares. The numbers presented reflect that stockholder servicing fees are paid over a number of years, and as a result, will cumulatively increase above 0.85% over time. The Dealer Manager will reallow (pay) all or a portion of the stockholder servicing fee to participating broker-dealers and servicing broker-dealers for ongoing stockholder services performed by such broker-dealers, and will waive stockholder servicing fees to the extent a broker-dealer is not eligible to receive it for failure to provide such services.
​
 
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(2)
Other costs and reimbursements consist primarily of (a) actual costs incurred for fees to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers, (b) amounts used to reimburse participating broker-dealers for the actual costs incurred by registered representatives for travel, meals and lodging in connection with attending bona fide training and education meetings, (c) commissions and non-transaction based compensation paid to registered persons associated with the Dealer Manager in connection with the wholesaling of our offering, (d) expense reimbursements for actual costs incurred by employees and associated persons of the Dealer Manager in the performance of wholesaling activities, (e) reimbursement of due diligence expenses that are not accompanied by a detailed and itemized invoice, (f) additional amounts for gifts and business entertainment expenses and (g) certain fees paid to AAM by the Dealer Manager pursuant to the Sub-Dealer Manager Agreement and certain other fees payable by the Adviser or its affiliates to AAM in connection with the distribution of our common stock in this offering. The Dealer Manager or its affiliates will incur the expenses set forth in (c) and (g) above without reimbursement from us, and we will reimburse the Dealer Manager or its affiliates for the other expenses set forth above, in each case, to the extent permissible under applicable FINRA rules. In no event will any gifts for registered representatives be given that exceed an aggregate value of $100 per annum per individual or are preconditioned on achievement of a sales target.
​
Term of the Dealer Manager Agreement
Either party may terminate the Dealer Manager Agreement upon 60 days’ written notice to the other party or immediately upon notice to the other party in the event such other party failed to comply with a material provision of the Dealer Manager Agreement. Our obligations under the Dealer Manager Agreement to pay the stockholder servicing fees with respect to the Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares distributed in this offering as described therein will survive termination of the agreement until such shares are no longer outstanding (including such shares that have been converted into Class I shares, as described above in “— Stockholder Servicing Fees — Class T Shares, Class S Shares and Class D Shares”).
Indemnification
To the extent permitted by law and our charter, we will indemnify the participating broker-dealers and the Dealer Manager against some civil liabilities, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act, and liabilities arising from an untrue statement of material fact contained in, or omission to state a material fact in, this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, blue sky applications or approved sales literature (3) liabilities arising from violations by us of the Dealer Manager Agreement, (4) any failure by us to comply with applicable laws governing privacy issues, money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable rules of the SEC, FINRA and the USA PATRIOT Act, and (5) any other failure by us to comply with applicable federal or state securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Role of the Dealer Manager
The Dealer Manager is a broker-dealer whose purpose is to distribute BGO managed or affiliated products. The Dealer Manager provides services to its BGO affiliates, not to investors in its funds, strategies or other products. The Dealer Manager has not and will not make any recommendation regarding, and will not monitor, any investment. As such, when the Dealer Manager will not present an investment strategy or product to an investor or a prospective investor that is a retail customer. Furthermore, the Dealer Manager does not collect the information necessary to determine-and the Dealer Manager does not engage in a determination regarding-whether an investment in the strategy or product is in the best interests of, or is suitable for, any prospective investor. You should exercise your own judgment and/or consult with your own professional advisor to determine whether it is advisable for you to invest in any BGO strategy or product, including our shares. Please note that the Dealer Manager will not provide the kinds of financial services that you might expect from another financial intermediary, such as overseeing any brokerage or similar account. For financial advice relating to an investment in our shares or any BGO strategy or product, contact your own professional advisor.
 
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HOW TO SUBSCRIBE
You may buy or request that we repurchase shares of our common stock through your investment professional, a participating broker-dealer or other financial intermediary that has a selling agreement with the Dealer Manager. Because an investment in our common stock involves many considerations, your investment professional or other financial intermediary may help you with this decision. Due to the illiquid nature of investments in real estate, our shares of common stock are only suitable as a long-term investment. Because there is no public market for our shares, stockholders may have difficulty selling their shares if we choose to repurchase only some, or even none, of the shares that have been requested to be repurchased in any particular month, in our discretion, or if our board of directors modifies or suspends the share repurchase plan.
Investors who meet the suitability standards described herein may purchase shares of our common stock. See “Suitability Standards” in this prospectus. Before investing, investors should carefully read this entire prospectus and any appendices and supplements accompanying this prospectus. Investors seeking to purchase shares of our common stock must proceed as follows:
•
Complete the execution copy of the subscription agreement. A specimen copy of the subscription agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included in this prospectus as Appendix C. Subscription agreements may be executed manually or by electronic signature except where the use of such electronic signature has not been approved by the Dealer Manager. Should you execute the subscription agreement electronically, your electronic signature, whether digital or encrypted, included in the subscription agreement is intended to authenticate the subscription agreement and to have the same force and effect as a manual signature.
​
•
Deliver a check, submit a wire transfer, instruct your broker-dealer to make payment from your brokerage account or otherwise deliver funds for the full purchase price of the shares of our common stock being subscribed for along with the completed subscription agreement to the participating broker-dealer. Checks should be made payable, or wire transfers directed, to “BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.” For Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares, after you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement of $2,500, additional purchases must be in increments of $500. For Class I shares, after you have satisfied the applicable minimum purchase requirement of $1,000,000, additional purchases must be in increments of $500, unless such minimums are waived by us. The minimum subsequent investment does not apply to purchases made under our distribution reinvestment plan.
​
•
By executing the subscription agreement and paying the total purchase price for the shares of our common stock subscribed for, each investor attests that he or she meets the suitability standards as stated in the subscription agreement and agrees to be bound by all of its terms. Certain participating broker-dealers may require additional documentation.
​
A sale of the shares to a subscriber may not be completed until at least five business days after the subscriber receives our final prospectus. Subscriptions to purchase our common stock may be made on an ongoing basis, but investors may only purchase our common stock pursuant to accepted subscription orders as of the first calendar day of each month (based on the prior month’s transaction price), and to be accepted, a subscription request must be made with a completed and executed subscription agreement in good order, including satisfying any additional requirements imposed by the subscriber’s broker-dealer, and payment of the full purchase price of our common stock being subscribed at least five business days prior to the first calendar day of the next month (unless waived by the Dealer Manager).
For example, if you wish to subscribe for shares of our common stock in October, your subscription request must be received in good order at least five business days before November 1. Generally, the offering price will equal the NAV per share of the applicable class as of the last calendar day of September, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. If accepted, your subscription will be effective on the first calendar day of November.
Completed subscription requests will not be accepted by us before the later of (i) two business days before the first calendar day of each month and (ii) three business days after we make the transaction price (including any subsequent revised transaction price in the circumstances described below) publicly available
 
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by posting it on our website at www.bgoireit.com and filing a prospectus supplement with the SEC (or in certain cases after we have delivered notice of such price directly to subscribers as discussed below). Subscribers are not committed to purchase shares at the time their subscription orders are submitted and any subscription may be canceled at any time before the time it has been accepted as described in the previous sentence. As a result, you will have a minimum of three business days after the transaction price for that month has been disclosed to withdraw your request before you are committed to purchase the shares. Generally, you will not be provided with direct notice of the transaction price when it becomes available. Therefore, if you wish to know the transaction price prior to your subscription being accepted you must check our website or our filings with the SEC prior to the time your subscription is accepted.
However, if the transaction price is not made available on or before the eighth business day before the first calendar day of the month (which is six business days before the earliest date we may accept subscriptions), or a previously disclosed transaction price for that month is changed, then we will provide notice of such transaction price (and the first day on which we may accept subscriptions) directly to subscribing investors when such transaction price is made available. In such cases, you will have at least three business days from delivery of such notice before your subscription is accepted.
If for any reason we reject the subscription, or if the subscription request is canceled before it is accepted or withdrawn as described below, we will return the subscription agreement and the related funds, without interest or deduction, within ten business days after such rejection, cancellation or withdrawal.
Shares of our common stock purchased by a fiduciary or custodial account will be registered in the name of the fiduciary account and not in the name of the beneficiary. If you place an order to buy shares and your payment is not received and collected, your purchase may be canceled and you could be liable for any losses or fees we have incurred.
You have the option of placing a transfer on death (TOD), designation on your shares purchased in this offering. A TOD designation transfers the ownership of the shares to your designated beneficiary upon your death. This designation may only be made by individuals, not entities, who are the sole or joint owners with right to survivorship of the shares. If you would like to place a TOD designation on your shares, you must check the TOD box on the subscription agreement and you must complete and return a TOD form, which you may obtain from your investment professional, in order to effect the designation.
Purchase Price
The per share purchase price for our Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares sold in the initial month we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering will be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition, plus, for Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares only, applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Thereafter, the purchase price per share for each class of our common stock will vary and will generally equal our prior month’s NAV per share for such class, as determined monthly, plus any applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Although the price you pay for shares of our common stock will generally be based on the prior month’s NAV per share, the NAV per share of such stock for the month in which you make your purchase may be significantly different. We may, but are not obligated to, offer shares at a price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of such stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share (including by updating a previously disclosed offering price) or suspend our offering in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month. The NAV per share for the share classes we are offering to the public may differ because stockholder servicing fees, management fees and the performance participation allocable to a specific class of shares are only included in the NAV calculation for that class. See “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines” for more information about the calculation of NAV per share.
If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, the cash distributions attributable to the class of shares that you purchase in our primary offering will be automatically invested in additional shares of the same class. Shares are offered pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at the transaction price at the time the distribution is payable, which will generally be equal to our prior month’s NAV per share for that share class.
 
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We will generally adhere to the following procedures relating to purchases of shares of our common stock in this continuous offering:
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On each business day, our transfer agent will collect purchase orders. Notwithstanding the submission of an initial purchase order, we can reject purchase orders for any reason, even if a prospective investor meets the minimum suitability requirements outlined in our prospectus. Investors may only purchase our common stock pursuant to accepted subscription orders as of the first calendar day of each month (based on the prior month’s transaction price), and to be accepted, a subscription request must be made with a completed and executed subscription agreement in good order and payment of the full purchase price of our common stock being subscribed at least five business days prior to the first calendar day of the month. If a purchase order is received less than five business days prior to the first calendar day of the next month, unless waived by the Dealer Manager, the purchase order will be executed in the next month’s closing at the transaction price applicable to that month, plus applicable upfront selling commissions and dealer manager fees. As a result of this process, the price per share at which your order is executed may be different than the price per share for the month in which you submitted your purchase order.
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•
Generally, within 15 calendar days after the last calendar day of each month, we will determine our NAV per share for each share class as of the last calendar day of the prior month, which will generally be the transaction price for the then-current month for such share class.
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•
Completed subscription requests will not be accepted by us before the later of (i) two business days before the first calendar day of each month and (ii) three business days after we make the transaction price (including any subsequent revised transaction price in the circumstances described below) publicly available by posting it on our website and filing a prospectus supplement with the SEC.
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Subscribers are not committed to purchase shares at the time their subscription orders are submitted and any subscription may be canceled at any time before the time it has been accepted as described in the previous sentence. You may withdraw your purchase request by notifying the transfer agent, through your financial intermediary or directly on our toll-free, automated telephone line, 1-833-360-5519.
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•
You will receive a confirmation statement of each new transaction in your account as soon as practicable but generally not later than seven business days after the stockholder transactions are settled. The confirmation statement will include information on how to obtain information we have filed with the SEC and made publicly available on our website, www.bgoireit.com, including supplements to the prospectus.
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Our transaction price will generally be based on our prior month’s NAV. Our NAV may vary significantly from one month to the next. Through our website at www.bgoireit.com and prospectus supplement filings, you will have information about the transaction price and NAV per share. We may set a transaction price that we believe reflects the NAV per share of our stock more appropriately than the prior month’s NAV per share (including by updating a previously disclosed offering price) or suspend our offering in cases where we believe there has been a material change (positive or negative) to our NAV per share since the end of the prior month. If the transaction price is not made available on or before the eighth business day before the first calendar day of the month (which is six business days before the earliest date we may accept subscriptions), or a previously disclosed transaction price for that month is changed, then we will provide notice of such transaction price (and the first day on which we may accept subscriptions) directly to subscribing investors when such transaction price is made available.
In contrast to securities traded on an exchange or over-the-counter, where the price often fluctuates as a result of, among other things, the supply and demand of securities in the trading market, our NAV will be calculated once monthly using our valuation methodology, and the price at which we sell new shares and repurchase outstanding shares will not change depending on the level of demand by investors or the volume of requests for repurchases.
 
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SHARE REPURCHASES
General
While you should view your investment as long term with limited liquidity, we have adopted a share repurchase plan, whereby on a monthly basis, stockholders may request that we repurchase all or any portion of their shares. Due to the illiquid nature of investments in real estate, we may not have sufficient liquid resources to fund repurchase requests. In addition, we have established limitations on the amount of funds we may use for repurchases during any calendar month and quarter. See “— Repurchase Limitations” below.
You may request that we repurchase shares of our common stock through your investment professional or directly with our transfer agent. The procedures relating to the repurchase of shares of our common stock are as follows:
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Certain broker-dealers require that their clients process repurchases through their broker-dealer, which may impact the time necessary to process such repurchase request, impose more restrictive deadlines than described under our share repurchase plan, impact the timing of a stockholder receiving repurchase proceeds and require different paperwork or process than described in our share repurchase plan. Please contact your broker-dealer first if you want to request the repurchase of your shares.
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•
Under our share repurchase plan, to the extent we choose to repurchase shares in any particular month we will only repurchase shares as of the opening of the last calendar day of that month (a “Repurchase Date”). To have your shares repurchased, your repurchase request and required documentation must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month. Settlements of share repurchases will generally be made within three business days of the Repurchase Date. We will begin the share repurchase plan in the first month of the first full calendar quarter following the commencement of this offering. Repurchase requests received and processed by our transfer agent will be effected at a repurchase price equal to the transaction price on the applicable Repurchase Date (which will generally be equal to our prior month’s NAV per share), subject to any Early Repurchase Deduction.
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A stockholder may withdraw his or her repurchase request by notifying the transfer agent, directly or through the stockholder’s financial intermediary, on our toll-free, automated telephone line, 1-833-360-5519. The line is open on each business day between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. (Eastern Time). Repurchase requests must be cancelled before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the last business day of the applicable month.
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If a repurchase request is received after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern Time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month, the repurchase request will be executed, if at all, on the next month’s Repurchase Date at the transaction price applicable to that month (subject to any Early Repurchase Deduction), unless such request is withdrawn prior to the repurchase. Repurchase requests received and processed by our transfer agent on a business day, but after the close of business on that day or on a day that is not a business day, will be deemed received on the next business day. All questions as to the form and validity (including time of receipt) of repurchase requests and notices of withdrawal will be determined by us, in our sole discretion, and such determination will be final and binding.
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Repurchase requests may be made by mail or by contacting your financial intermediary, both subject to certain conditions described in this prospectus. If making a repurchase request by contacting your financial intermediary, your financial intermediary may require you to provide certain documentation or information. If making a repurchase request by mail to the transfer agent, you must complete and sign a repurchase authorization form, which can be found in our share repurchase plan filed as an exhibit to this registration of which this prospectus forms a part and which is available on our website, www.bgoireit.com. Written requests should be sent to the transfer agent at the following address:
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BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
c/o SS&C GIDS
P.O. Box 219378
Kansas City, MO 64121-9378
Overnight Address:
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
c/o SS&C GIDS
430 W 7th St. Suite 219378
Kansas City, MO 64105-1407
Toll Free Number: 1-833-360-5519
Corporate investors and other non-individual entities must have an appropriate certification on file authorizing repurchases. A signature guarantee may be required.
•
For processed repurchases, stockholders may request that repurchase proceeds are to be paid by mailed check provided that the check is mailed to an address on file with the transfer agent for at least 30 days. Please check with your broker-dealer that such payment may be made via check or wire transfer, as further described below.
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Stockholders may also receive repurchase proceeds via wire transfer, provided that wiring instructions for their brokerage account or designated U.S. bank account are provided. For all repurchases paid via wire transfer, the funds will be wired to the account on file with the transfer agent or, upon instruction, to another financial institution provided that the stockholder has made the necessary funds transfer arrangements. The customer service representative can provide detailed instructions on establishing funding arrangements and designating a bank or brokerage account on file. Funds will be wired only to U.S. financial institutions (ACH network members).
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A medallion signature guarantee will be required in certain circumstances. The medallion signature process protects stockholders by verifying the authenticity of a signature and limiting unauthorized fraudulent transactions. A medallion signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker-dealer, clearing agency, savings association or other financial institution which participates in a medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The three recognized medallion programs are the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program and the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program. Signature guarantees from financial institutions that are not participating in any of these medallion programs will not be accepted. A notary public cannot provide signature guarantees. We reserve the right to amend, waive or discontinue this policy at any time and establish other criteria for verifying the authenticity of any repurchase or transaction request. We may require a medallion signature guarantee if, among other reasons: (1) the amount of the repurchase request is over $500,000; (2) you wish to have repurchase proceeds transferred by wire to an account other than the designated bank or brokerage account on file for at least 30 days or sent to an address other than your address of record for the past 30 days; or (3) our transfer agent cannot confirm your identity or suspects fraudulent activity.
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•
If a stockholder has made multiple purchases of shares of our common stock, any repurchase request will be processed on a first in/first out basis unless otherwise requested in the repurchase request.
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Minimum Account Repurchases
In the event that any stockholder fails to maintain the minimum balance of $500 of shares of our common stock, we may repurchase all of the shares held by that stockholder at the repurchase price in effect on the date we determine that the stockholder has failed to meet the minimum balance, less any Early Repurchase Deduction.
Minimum account repurchases will apply even in the event that the failure to meet the minimum balance is caused solely by a decline in our NAV. Minimum account repurchases are subject to Early Repurchase Deduction.
 
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Sources of Funds for Repurchases
We may fund repurchase requests from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, borrowings, offering proceeds (including from sales of our common stock or Operating Partnership units to the Special Limited Partner), the sale of our assets, and repayments of our real estate debt investments, and we have no limits on the amounts we may fund from such sources. We do not intend to use proceeds from this offering to fund repurchase requests from our prior offering.
In an effort to have adequate cash available to support our share repurchase plan, we may reserve borrowing capacity under a line of credit. We could then elect to borrow against this line of credit in part to repurchase shares presented for repurchase during periods when we do not have sufficient proceeds from operating cash flows or the sale of shares in this continuous offering to fund all repurchase requests. If we determine to obtain a line of credit, we would expect that it would afford us borrowing availability to fund repurchases.
Repurchase Limitations
We may repurchase fewer shares than have been requested in any particular month to be repurchased under our share repurchase plan, or none at all, in our discretion at any time. In addition, the aggregate NAV of total repurchases of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class E shares and Class I shares (including repurchases at certain non-U.S. investor access funds primarily created to hold shares of our common stock but excluding any Early Repurchase Deduction applicable to the repurchased shares) will be limited to no more than 2% of our aggregate NAV per month (measured using the aggregate NAV attributable to stockholders as of the end of the immediately preceding month) and no more than 5% of our aggregate NAV per calendar quarter (measured using the average aggregate NAV attributable to stockholders as of the end of the immediately preceding three months).
In the event that we determine to repurchase some but not all of the shares submitted for repurchase during any month, shares submitted for repurchase during such month will be repurchased on a pro rata basis after we have repurchased all shares for which repurchase has been requested due to death, disability or divorce and other limited exceptions. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted after the start of the next month or quarter, or upon the recommencement of the share repurchase plan, as applicable.
If the transaction price for the applicable month is not made available by the tenth business day prior to the last business day of the month (or is changed after such date), then no repurchase requests will be accepted for such month and stockholders who wish to have their shares repurchased the following month must resubmit their repurchase requests. The transaction price for each month will be available on our website at www.bgoireit.com and in prospectus supplements filed with the SEC.
Should repurchase requests, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in real properties or other investments rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Company as a whole, we may choose to repurchase fewer shares in any particular month than have been requested to be repurchased, or none at all. Further, our board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend for any period of time or indefinitely our share repurchase plan if in its reasonable judgment it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders. Material modifications, including any amendment to the 2% monthly or 5% quarterly limitations on repurchases, to and suspensions of the share repurchase plan will be promptly disclosed to stockholders in a prospectus supplement (or post-effective amendment if required by the Securities Act) or special or periodic report filed by us. Material modifications will also be disclosed on our website. In addition, we may determine to suspend the share repurchase plan due to regulatory changes, changes in law or if we become aware of undisclosed material information that we believe should be publicly disclosed before shares are repurchased. Once the share repurchase plan is suspended, our share repurchase plan requires that we consider the recommencement of the plan at least quarterly. Continued suspension of our share repurchase plan would only be permitted under the plan if our board of directors determines that the continued suspension of the share repurchase plan is in our best interest and the best interest of our stockholders. Our board of directors must affirmatively authorize the recommencement of the plan before stockholder requests will be considered again. Our board of directors cannot terminate (but may suspend)
 
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our share repurchase plan absent a liquidity event which results in our stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law.
Shares held by the Adviser acquired as payment of the Adviser’s management fee will not be subject to our share repurchase plan, including with respect to any repurchase limits, the Early Repurchase Deduction or the calculation of NAV. Stockholders who are exchanging a class of our shares for an equivalent aggregate NAV of another class of our shares will not be subject to, and will not be treated as repurchases for the calculation of, the 2% monthly or 5% quarterly limitations on repurchases and will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction.
Early Repurchase Deduction
There is no minimum holding period for shares of our common stock and stockholders can request that we repurchase their shares at any time. However, subject to limited exceptions, shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be repurchased at 95% of the transaction price. The one-year holding period is measured as of first calendar day immediately following the prospective repurchase date. Additionally, stockholders who have received shares of our common stock in exchange for their Operating Partnership units may include the period of time such stockholder held such Operating Partnership units for purposes of calculating the holding period for such shares of our common stock. This Early Repurchase Deduction will also generally apply to minimum account repurchases. The Early Repurchase Deduction will not apply to shares acquired through our distribution reinvestment plan.
The Early Repurchase Deduction will inure indirectly to the benefit of our remaining stockholders and is intended to offset the trading costs, market impact and other costs associated with short-term trading in our common stock. We may, from time to time, waive the Early Repurchase Deduction in the following circumstances (subject to the conditions described below):
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repurchases resulting from death, qualifying disability or divorce;
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•
in the event that a stockholder’s shares are repurchased because the stockholder has failed to maintain the $500 minimum account balance; or
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•
due to trade or operational error.
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As set forth above, we may waive the Early Repurchase Deduction in respect of repurchase of shares resulting from the death, qualifying disability (as such term is defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Code) or divorce of a stockholder who is a natural person, including shares held by such stockholder through a trust or an IRA or other retirement or profit-sharing plan, after (i) in the case of death, receiving written notice from the estate of the stockholder, the recipient of the shares through bequest or inheritance, or, in the case of a trust, the trustee of such trust, who will have the sole ability to request repurchase on behalf of the trust, (ii) in the case of qualified disability, receiving written notice from such stockholder, provided that the condition causing the qualifying disability was not pre-existing on the date that the stockholder became a stockholder or (iii) in the case of divorce, receiving written notice from the stockholder of the divorce and the stockholder’s instructions to effect a transfer of the shares (through the repurchase of the shares by us and the subsequent purchase by the stockholder) to a different account held by the stockholder (including trust or an individual retirement account or other retirement or profit-sharing plan). We must receive the written repurchase request within 12 months after the death of the stockholder, the initial determination of the stockholder’s disability or divorce in order for the requesting party to rely on any of the special treatment described above that may be afforded in the event of the death, disability or divorce of a stockholder. In the case of death, such a written request must be accompanied by a certified copy of the official death certificate of the stockholder. If spouses are joint registered holders of shares, the request to have the shares repurchased may be made if either of the registered holders dies or acquires a qualified disability. If the stockholder is not a natural person, such as certain trusts or a partnership, corporation or other similar entity, the right to waiver of the Early Repurchase Deduction upon death, disability or divorce does not apply.
In addition, shares of the Company’s common stock are sold to certain feeder vehicles primarily created to hold the Company’s shares that in turn offer interests in such feeder vehicles to non-U.S. persons.
 
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For such feeder vehicles and similar arrangements in certain markets, the Company will not apply the Early Repurchase Deduction to the feeder vehicles or underlying investors, often because of administrative or systems limitations.
Items of Note
When you make a request to have shares repurchased, you should note the following:
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if you are requesting that some but not all of your shares be repurchased, keep your balance above $500 to avoid minimum account repurchase, if applicable;
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you will not receive interest on amounts represented by uncashed repurchase checks;
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under applicable anti-money laundering regulations and other federal regulations, repurchase requests may be suspended, restricted or canceled and the proceeds may be withheld; and
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•
all shares of our common stock requested to be repurchased must be beneficially owned by the stockholder of record making the request or his or her estate, heir or beneficiary, or the party requesting the repurchase must be authorized to do so by the stockholder of record of the shares or his or her estate, heir or beneficiary, and such shares of common stock must be fully transferable and not subject to any liens or encumbrances. In certain cases, we may ask the requesting party to provide evidence satisfactory to us that the shares requested for repurchase are not subject to any liens or encumbrances. If we determine that a lien exists against the shares, we will not be obligated to repurchase any shares subject to the lien.
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IRS regulations require us to determine and disclose on Form 1099-B the adjusted cost basis for shares of our stock sold or repurchased. Although there are several available methods for determining the adjusted cost basis, unless you elect otherwise by checking the appropriate box on the repurchase authorization form or calling our customer service number at 1-833-360-5519, or your broker-dealer elects otherwise on your behalf, we will utilize the first-in-first-out method.
Frequent Trading and Other Policies
We may reject for any reason, or cancel as permitted or required by law, any purchase orders for shares of our common stock. For example, we may reject any purchase orders from market timers or investors that, in our opinion, may be disruptive to our operations. Frequent purchases and sales of our shares can harm stockholders in various ways, including reducing the returns to long-term stockholders by increasing our costs, disrupting portfolio management strategies and diluting the value of the shares of long-term stockholders.
In general, stockholders may request that we repurchase their shares of our common stock once every 30 days. However, we prohibit frequent trading. We define frequent trading as follows:
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any stockholder who requests that we repurchase its shares of our common stock within 30 calendar days of the purchase of such shares;
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transactions deemed harmful or excessive by us (including, but not limited to, patterns of purchases and repurchases), in our sole discretion; and
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transactions initiated by investment professionals, among multiple stockholder accounts, that in the aggregate are deemed harmful or excessive.
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The following are excluded when determining whether transactions are excessive:
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purchases and requests for repurchase of our shares in the amount of $2,500 or less;
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purchases or repurchases initiated by us; and
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transactions subject to the trading policy of an intermediary that we deem materially similar to our policy.
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At the Dealer Manager’s discretion, upon the first violation of the policy in a calendar year, purchase and repurchase privileges may be suspended for 90 days. Upon a second violation in a calendar year, purchase
 
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and repurchase privileges may be suspended for 180 days. On the next business day following the end of the 90 or 180 day suspension, any transaction restrictions placed on a stockholder may be removed.
Mail and Telephone Instructions
We and our transfer agent will not be responsible for the authenticity of mail or phone instructions or losses, if any, resulting from unauthorized stockholder transactions if they reasonably believe that such instructions were genuine. Our transfer agent has established reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions are genuine including requiring the stockholder to provide certain specific identifying information on file and sending written confirmation to stockholders of record. Stockholders, or their designated custodian or fiduciary, should carefully review such correspondence to ensure that the instructions were properly acted upon. If any discrepancies are noted, the stockholder, or its agent, should contact his, her or its investment professional as well as our transfer agent in a timely manner, but in no event more than 60 days from receipt of such correspondence. Failure to notify such entities in a timely manner will relieve us, our transfer agent and the investment professional of any liability with respect to the discrepancy.
Sun Life Repurchase Rights
The Class E units issued to Sun Life in connection with the Seed JV Acquisition are not eligible for repurchase pursuant to the share repurchase plan adopted by our board of directors in connection with this offering and will only be eligible for repurchase by us following the earlier of (i) the first date that our NAV reaches $1.5 billion and (ii) the date that is the third anniversary of the date of this prospectus. Following such period, Sun Life may request that we repurchase such Class E units on a monthly basis, at a price per unit equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E unit as of the repurchase date.
The aggregate amount of Class E units that we are required to repurchase from Sun Life in any month will be limited to an amount not to exceed 25% of the amount by which net proceeds from this offering and any private offering of our common stock for a given month exceed the amount of repurchases for such month pursuant to our share repurchase plan. In addition, we will not repurchase any Class E units from Sun Life during any period that the full amount of all shares of our common stock requested to be repurchased under our share repurchase plan are not repurchased or our share repurchase plan has been suspended.
 
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SUPPLEMENTAL SALES MATERIAL
In addition to this prospectus, we will use sales material in connection with the offering of shares, although only when accompanied by or preceded by the delivery of this prospectus. Some or all of the sales material may not be available in certain jurisdictions. This sales material may include information relating to this offering, the past performance of the Adviser and its affiliates, property brochures and articles and publications concerning real estate. In addition, the sales material may contain quotes from various publications without obtaining the consent of the author or the publication for use of the quoted material in the sales material.
We are offering shares only by means of this prospectus. Although the information contained in the sales material will not conflict with any of the information contained in this prospectus, the sales material does not purport to be complete and should not be considered as a part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, or as incorporated by reference in this prospectus or the registration statement, or as forming the basis of the offering of the shares of our common stock.
 
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REPORTS TO STOCKHOLDERS
We will cause to be prepared and mailed or delivered to each stockholder, as of a record date after the end of the fiscal year, and to each holder of our other publicly held securities, within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which it relates, an annual report for each fiscal year. The annual reports will contain the following:
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financial statements that are prepared in accordance with GAAP and are audited by our independent registered public accounting firm;
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the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the year to the capital raised;
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the aggregate amount of the management fee and the aggregate amount of any other fees paid to the Adviser and any affiliate of the Adviser by us or third parties doing business with us during the year;
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our Total Operating Expenses for the year, stated as a percentage of our Average Invested Assets and as a percentage of our Net Income;
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a report from the independent directors that our policies are in the best interest of our stockholders and the basis for such determination; and
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a separate report containing full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving us and the Adviser, a director or any affiliate thereof during the year, which report the independent directors are specifically charged with a duty to examine and to comment on regarding the fairness of the transactions.
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Alternatively, such information may be provided in a proxy statement delivered with the annual report. We will make available to you on our website, www.bgoireit.com, or, at our discretion, via email, our quarterly and annual reports, proxy statements and other reports and documents concerning your investment. To the extent required by law or regulation, or, in our discretion, we may also make certain of this information available to you via U.S. mail or other courier. You may always receive a paper copy upon request.
Our tax accountants will prepare our federal tax return (and any applicable state income tax returns). Generally we will provide appropriate tax information to our stockholders within 31 days following the end of each fiscal year. Our fiscal year is the calendar year.
 
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LEGAL MATTERS
The validity of the shares of our common stock being offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Hogan Lovells US LLP, Baltimore, Maryland. Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP has reviewed the statements relating to certain U.S. federal income tax matters that are likely to be material to U.S. holders and non-U.S. holders of our common stock under the caption “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” and will pass upon the accuracy of those statements as well as our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
EXPERTS
The consolidated financial statement of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses of the Seed Portfolio appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, with respect to BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., and Ernst & Young LLP, independent auditors, with respect to the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses of the Seed Portfolio, to the extent indicated in their reports thereon also appearing elsewhere herein and in the Registration Statement. Such consolidated financial statement and combined statement of revenues and certain expenses have been included herein in reliance upon such reports given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
The statements included in our prospectus under the captions “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines — Our Independent Valuation Advisor” and “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines — Valuation of Investments,” relating to the role of our independent valuation advisor, have been reviewed by Altus Group U.S. Inc., an independent valuation advisor, and are included in our prospectus given the authority of such firm as experts in property valuations and appraisals. Altus Group U.S. Inc. does not admit that it is in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act.
PRIVACY POLICY NOTICE
Prospective investors should be aware that, in making an investment in the Company, and interacting with Company, its affiliates and/or delegates by:
i.
submitting a subscription agreement;
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ii.
communicating through telephone calls, online investor platforms (including bxaccess.com), written correspondence, and emails (all of which may be recorded); or
​
iii.
providing Personal Data (as defined below) concerning individuals connected with the investor (such as directors, officers, trustees, employees, representatives, shareholders, investors, clients, beneficial owners and/or agents),
​
they may be providing the Company, its affiliates and/or delegates with Personal Data.
We have prepared a data privacy notice (“DPN”) detailing how we will collect Personal Data, where we collect it from, and the purposes for which the Personal Data is used. This DPN explains what rights are given to individuals, how long Personal Data will be retained, who it will be shared with, the purposes of the processing, safeguards put in place where Personal Data is transferred internationally, and relevant contacts. The DPN and the Privacy Policy for Non-U.S. Investors, are included in this prospectus as Appendix D and Appendix E, respectively. For purposes of the foregoing, “Personal Data” has the meaning given to it under data protection laws that apply to our processing of personal data, and includes any information that relates to, describes, identifies or can be used, directly or indirectly, to identify an individual (such as name, address, date of birth, personal identification numbers, sensitive personal information, passport information, financial information, and economic information).
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION;
We have filed a registration statement on Form S-11 with the SEC with respect to the shares of our common stock to be issued in this offering. This prospectus is a part of that registration statement and, as
 
251

 
permitted by SEC rules, does not include all of the information you can find in the registration statement or the exhibits to the registration statement. For additional information relating to us, we refer you to the registration statement and the exhibits to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or document are necessarily summaries of such contract or document and in each instance, if we have filed the contract or document as an exhibit to the registration statement, we refer you to the copy of the contract or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement.
We will file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The registration statement is, and any of these future filings with the SEC will be, available to the public over the internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
Website Disclosure
Our website at www.bgoireit.com will contain additional information about our business, but the contents of the website are not incorporated by reference in or otherwise a part of this prospectus. From time to time, we may use our website as a distribution channel for material company information. Financial and other important information regarding us will be routinely accessible thorough and posted on our website at www.bgoireit.com.
 
252

 
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
​ ​ ​
Page
​ ​ ​ ​
Historical Financial Statements of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
​ ​ ​
As of February 3, 2023 (Audited)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-2 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-3 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-4 ​ ​ ​
As of March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-6 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-7 ​ ​ ​
S-X 3-14 Financial Statements of the Seed Joint Venture ​ ​ ​ ​
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022 (Audited)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-9 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-11 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-12 ​ ​ ​
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-16 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-17 ​ ​ ​
Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (Unaudited)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-21 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-23 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-24 ​ ​ ​
​ ​ ​ ​ F-26 ​ ​ ​
 
F-1

 
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Shareholder and the Board of Directors of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statement
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. as of February 3, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statement”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statement presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at February 3, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
This financial statement is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statement based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audit we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statement, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statement. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2023
New York, New York
April 10, 2023
 
F-2

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheet
February 3, 2023
​
Assets
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​
Cash
​ ​ ​ $ 200,000 ​ ​
​
Total Assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 200,000 ​ ​
​
Stockholder’s Equity
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized 20,000 shares issued and outstanding
​ ​ ​ ​ 200 ​ ​
​
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
​
Additional paid-in capital
​ ​ ​ ​ 199,800 ​ ​
​
Total Stockholder’s Equity
​ ​ ​ ​ 200,000 ​ ​
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-3

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheet
February 3, 2023
1.   Organization
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (formerly BentallGreenOak Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.) (the “Company”) was formed on September 7, 2022 as a Maryland corporation and intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company was organized to be a pure-play industrial REIT which will be investing primarily in stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties primarily located in the United States. To a lesser extent, the Company will also invest in real estate-related assets, including real estate debt and real estate-related securities. The Company anticipates that its investments will be geographically diversified across the United States. The Company will be externally managed by BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership (the “Adviser”). On February 3, 2023, the Company was capitalized with a $200,000 investment by the Adviser. The Adviser has agreed to not sell, transfer or dispose of the shares to any party other than an affiliate of the Adviser for so long as the Adviser or its affiliate performs an advisory function for the Company. BGO IREIT Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), and a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed to own all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, of which the Company is the sole general partner. BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP, a Delaware limited partnership, will own a special limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership.
As of February 3, 2023, the Company had not commenced its principal operations and had neither purchased nor contracted to purchase any investments.
2.   Capitalization
As of February 3, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue up to 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. The Company is also authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per share. The Company intends to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission an offering on a continuous basis up to $5,000,000,000 in shares of common stock, consisting of up to $4,000,000,000 in shares in the primary offering and up to $1,000,000,000 in shares pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan (the “Offering”). The Company is offering to sell to the public any combination of four classes of shares of common stock, Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares, with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. The share classes have different upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and different ongoing stockholder servicing fees.
3.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, (“GAAP”). Separate statements of income, changes in equity, and cash flows have not been presented in the financial statements because principal operations have not commenced.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
F-4

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheet
February 3, 2023 (continued)
Cash
Cash of the Company is held with a major financial institution and may exceed the federal insurable limits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and therefore bear minimal risk.
Income Taxes
The Company intends to make an election to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2023. Generally, the Company will not be subject to federal income taxes on amounts distributed to stockholders, providing it distributes 100% of its REIT taxable income and meets certain other requirements for qualifying as a REIT. If the Company fails to maintain its qualification as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will then be subject to federal income taxes on its taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could have a material adverse effect on its net income and net cash available for distribution to its members.
The Company has not yet filed its initial tax return.
Organization and Offering Expenses
The Adviser has agreed to advance organization and offering expenses on behalf of the Company through the first anniversary of the commencement of the Offering (including legal, accounting, and other expenses attributable to the organization of the Company, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees). The Company will reimburse the Adviser for all such advanced expenses ratably over a 60-month period following the first anniversary of the Offering. When recorded by the Company, organizational expenses will be expensed as incurred, and offering expenses will be charged to stockholders’ equity as such amounts will be reimbursed to the Adviser or its affiliates from the gross proceeds of the Offering. Any amount due to the Adviser but not paid will be recognized as a liability on the balance sheet.
As of February 3, 2023, the Adviser and its affiliates had incurred organization and offering expenses on the Company’s behalf of approximately $1.7 million. These organization and offering expenses are not recorded in the accompanying balance sheet because such costs are not the Company’s liability until the commencement of the Offering.
4.   Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after February 3, 2023 through the issuance of the consolidated financial statements and noted there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustment to disclosures in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
F-5

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheet
March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
​
Assets
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​
Cash
​ ​ ​ $ 198,910 ​ ​
​
Total Assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 198,910 ​ ​
​
Stockholder’s Equity
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 1,000,000,000 shares authorized 20,000 shares issued and outstanding
​ ​ ​ ​ 200 ​ ​
​
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
​
Additional paid-in capital
​ ​ ​ ​ 199,800 ​ ​
​
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
​ ​ ​ ​       (1,090) ​ ​
​
Total Stockholder’s Equity
​ ​ ​ ​ 198,910 ​ ​
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
F-6

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheet
March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
1.
Organization
​
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (formerly BentallGreenOak Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.) (the “Company”) was formed on September 7, 2022 as a Maryland corporation and intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company was organized to be a pure-play industrial REIT which will be investing primarily in stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties primarily located in the United States. To a lesser extent, the Company will also invest in real estate-related assets, including real estate debt and real estate-related securities. The Company anticipates that its investments will be geographically diversified across the United States. The Company will be externally managed by BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership (the “Adviser”). On February 3, 2023, the Company was capitalized with a $200,000 investment by the Adviser. The Adviser has agreed to not sell, transfer or dispose of the shares to any party other than an affiliate of the Adviser for so long as the Adviser or its affiliate performs an advisory function for the Company. BGO IREIT Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), and a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed to own all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, of which the Company is the sole general partner. BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP, a Delaware limited partnership, will own a special limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership.
As of March 31, 2023, the Company had not commenced its principal operations and had neither purchased nor contracted to purchase any investments.
2. Capitalization
As of March 31, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue up to 1,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share. The Company is also authorized to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value of $0.01 per share. The Company intends to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission an offering on a continuous basis up to $5,000,000,000 in shares of common stock, consisting of up to $4,000,000,000 in shares in the primary offering and up to $1,000,000,000 in shares pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan (the “Offering”). The Company is offering to sell to the public any combination of four classes of shares of common stock, Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares, with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. The share classes have different upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and different ongoing stockholder servicing fees.
3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, (“GAAP”). Separate statements of income, changes in equity, and cash flows have not been presented in the financial statements because principal operations have not commenced.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
F-7

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheet
March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
Cash
Cash of the Company is held with a major financial institution and may exceed the federal insurable limits. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and therefore bear minimal risk.
Income Taxes
The Company intends to make an election to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2023. Generally, the Company will not be subject to federal income taxes on amounts distributed to stockholders, providing it distributes 90% of its REIT taxable income and meets certain other requirements for qualifying as a REIT. If the Company fails to maintain its qualification as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will then be subject to federal income taxes on its taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could have a material adverse effect on its net income and net cash available for distribution to its members.
The Company has not yet filed its initial tax return.
Organization and Offering Expenses
The Adviser has agreed to advance organization and offering expenses on behalf of the Company through the first anniversary of the commencement of the Offering (including legal, accounting, and other expenses attributable to the organization of the Company, but excluding upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees and stockholder servicing fees). The Company will reimburse the Adviser for all such advanced expenses ratably over a 60-month period following the first anniversary of the Offering. When recorded by the Company, organizational expenses will be expensed as incurred, and offering expenses will be charged to stockholders’ equity as such amounts will be reimbursed to the Adviser or its affiliates from the gross proceeds of the Offering. Any amount due to the Adviser but not paid will be recognized as a liability on the balance sheet.
As of March 31, 2023, the Adviser and its affiliates had incurred organization and offering expenses on the Company’s behalf of approximately $3.8 million. These organization and offering expenses are not recorded in the accompanying balance sheet because such costs are not the Company’s liability until the commencement of the Offering.
4. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after March 31, 2023 and noted there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustment to disclosures in the consolidated balance sheet.
 
F-8

 
Report of Independent Auditors
The Board of Directors and Stockholder of
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Opinion
We have audited the accompanying combined statement of revenues and certain expenses of Seed Portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes to the financial statements.
Responsibilities of Management for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; this includes the design, implementation and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the accompanying combined statement of revenues and certain expenses that are free of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses is free of material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the statement of revenues and certain expenses. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the statement of revenues and certain expenses, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the combined revenues and certain expenses described in Note 1 of Seed Portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis of Accounting
As described in Note 1 to the financial statements, the combined statement of revenues and certain expenses has been prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for inclusion in the registration statement on Form S-11 of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., and is not intended to be a complete presentation of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. revenue and expenses. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
New York, New York
April 10, 2023
 
F-9

 
Seed Portfolio
Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
Year Ended December 31, 2022
 

 
Seed Portfolio
Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
Year Ended December 31, 2022
($ in thousands)
​ ​ ​
For the Year Ended
December 31, 2022
​
Revenues: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Rental revenue
​ ​ ​ $ 33,583 ​ ​
Recoveries from tenants
​ ​ ​ ​ 11,898 ​ ​
Other revenue
​ ​ ​ ​ 253 ​ ​
Total revenues
​ ​ ​ ​ 45,734 ​ ​
Certain expenses: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Operating expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 4,942 ​ ​
Real estate taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ 6,914 ​ ​
Property management fees
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,148 ​ ​
Total certain expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 13,004 ​ ​
Revenues in excess of certain expenses
​ ​ ​ $ 32,730 ​ ​
See accompanying notes to combined statement of revenues and certain expenses
F-11

 
Seed Portfolio
Notes to the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
Year Ended December 31, 2022
1.   Organization
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (formerly BentallGreenOak Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.) (the “Company”) was formed on September 7, 2022 as a Maryland corporation and intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company was organized to be a pure-play industrial REIT which will be investing primarily in stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties primarily located in the United States. To a lesser extent, the Company will also invest in real estate-related assets, including real estate debt and real estate-related securities. The Company will be externally managed by BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership (the “Adviser”). On February 3, 2023, the Company was capitalized with a $200,000 investment by the Adviser. The Adviser has agreed to not sell, transfer or dispose of the shares to any party other than an affiliate of the Adviser for so long as the Adviser or its affiliate performs an advisory function for the Company. BGO IREIT Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed to own all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, of which the Company is the sole general partner. BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP, a Delaware limited partnership, will own a special limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership.
In connection with the commencement of the offering, Sun Life (U.S.) HoldCo 2020, Inc. (“Sun Life”), an affiliate of Sun Life Financial Inc., is expected to contribute its 56.5% interest in a joint venture (the “Seed JV”) that indirectly owns a portfolio of industrial assets (the “Seed Portfolio”) to the Company in exchange for shares of Class E units of the Operating Partnership at a price per unit equal to $10.00 (the “Seed JV Acquisition”). The purchase price of the interest in the Seed JV will be equal to the lower of the aggregate capital contributions made by Sun Life in respect of the Seed JV or the fair market value of Sun Life’s interest in the Seed JV, as determined by the Adviser. Following the Seed JV Acquisition, the Company’s 56.5% interest in the Seed JV is expected to represent an indirect 34.2% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio.
Seed Portfolio
The Seed Portfolio consists of approximately 9.4 million square feet across 29 separate industrial buildings located throughout the Midwest of the United States. The Seed Portfolio is divided into four industrial parks that consist of three regional portfolios in St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Kansas City and one stand-alone industrial property in Kenosha, Wisconsin, which is located in the Chicago metropolitan statistical area. The Seed Portfolio was developed in partnership between NorthPoint Development (“NorthPoint”) and Northwestern Mutual between 2012 and 2022. See note 2 — Basis of Presentation for a summary of certain information regarding the Seed Portfolio.
2.   Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses (the “Combined Statement”) for the year ended December 31, 2022 combines the rental operations of the Seed Portfolio on the basis of common management.
The Combined Statement for the Seed Portfolio has been prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for inclusion in the Company’s registration statement on Form S-11, and with the provisions of SEC Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, which require certain information with respect to real estate operations to be included with certain filings with the SEC. The Combined Statement includes the combined historical revenues and certain expenses of the Seed Portfolio, exclusive of items which may not be comparable to the proposed future operations of the Seed Portfolio subsequent to the Company’s acquisition of an interest in the Seed JV. Material amounts that would not be directly attributable to future operating results of the Seed Portfolio are excluded, and the Combined Statement is not intended to be a complete presentation of the Seed Portfolio’s revenues and expenses. Expenses excluded from the Combined Statement consist of depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, and certain corporate expenses.
 
F-12

 
Seed Portfolio
Notes to the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
Year Ended December 31, 2022 (continued)
The table below summarizes certain information regarding the Seed Portfolio included within the Combined Statement, and their locations:
Property
​ ​
Market
​ ​
Number of Buildings
​
Hazelwood Tradeport
​ ​ St. Louis ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​
West Chester Trade Center
​ ​ Cincinnati ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​
Horizons Industrial
​ ​ Kansas City ​ ​ ​ ​ 10 ​ ​
Heartland 94
​ ​
Chicago MSA
​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​
Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 29 ​ ​
3.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
The Seed Portfolio leases its operating properties to tenants under agreements that are generally classified as operating leases, and as such, recognizes rental revenue from tenants on a straight-line basis over the lease term, if collectability is probable. Recoveries from tenants represent amounts that are charged to tenants for their share of operating expenses incurred by the Seed Portfolio in accordance with each tenant’s respective lease. Amounts due from tenants typically consist of costs related to common area maintenance, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses are generally subject to recovery. Recoveries from tenants are recognized as revenue in the same period the related expenses are incurred.
Expense Recognition
Certain expenses represent the direct expenses of operating the properties and consist primarily of repairs and maintenance, property management fees, real estate taxes and other property expenses that are expected to continue in the proposed future operations of the properties.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Combined Statement in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and certain expenses during the reporting period presented. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
4.   Future Minimum Rents
The properties are leased to tenants under operating leases with expiration dates extending to 2037.
The future minimum rents to be received under non-cancelable tenant operating leases as of December 31, 2022 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Years ending December 31:
​ ​
Amount
​
2023
​ ​ ​ $ 37,644 ​ ​
2024
​ ​ ​ ​ 38,621 ​ ​
2025
​ ​ ​ ​ 35,276 ​ ​
2026
​ ​ ​ ​ 31,333 ​ ​
2027
​ ​ ​ ​ 25,139 ​ ​
Thereafter
​ ​ ​ ​ 77,737 ​ ​
Total ​ ​ ​ $ 245,750 ​ ​
 
F-13

 
Seed Portfolio
Notes to the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
Year Ended December 31, 2022 (continued)
5.   Tenant Concentrations
No tenant comprised more than 10% of the Seed Portfolio’s rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022.
6.   Commitments and Contingencies
Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. There is no material litigation nor to management’s knowledge is any material litigation currently threatened against the Seed Portfolio other than routine litigation, claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.
7.   Management Agreements
In connection with the management of the Seed Portfolio, property management fees were paid to NorthPoint, which owns an interest in the Seed Portfolio, by all 29 industrial buildings in the Seed Portfolio. The property management fees are calculated as the lesser of (1) 3% of monthly gross rent, or (2) the maximum amount reimbursable to each industrial building by tenants with leases for space within the industrial building. Property management fees of $1,148,337 were recorded on the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022.
8.   Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated events through April 10, 2023, the date the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses was available to be issued and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require disclosure in the notes to the Combined Statement.
 
F-14

 
Seed Portfolio
Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
 

 
Seed Portfolio
Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
($ in thousands)
​ ​ ​
Three Months Ended
March 31, 2023
(Unaudited)
​
Revenues: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Rental revenue
​ ​ ​ $ 10,757 ​ ​
Recoveries from tenants
​ ​ ​ ​ 3,141 ​ ​
Other revenue
​ ​ ​ ​ 90 ​ ​
Total revenues
​ ​ ​ ​ 13,988 ​ ​
Certain expenses:
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Operating expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,445 ​ ​
Real estate taxes
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,995 ​ ​
Property management fees
​ ​ ​ ​ 187 ​ ​
Total certain expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 3,627 ​ ​
Revenues in excess of certain expenses
​ ​ ​ $ 10,361 ​ ​
See accompanying notes to combined statement of revenues and certain expenses
F-16

 
Seed Portfolio
Notes to the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited)
1.   Organization
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (formerly BentallGreenOak Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.) (the “Company”) was formed on September 7, 2022 as a Maryland corporation and intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The Company was organized to be a pure-play industrial REIT which will be investing primarily in stabilized, income-oriented industrial warehouse and logistics properties primarily located in the United States. To a lesser extent, the Company will also invest in real estate-related assets, including real estate debt and real estate-related securities. The Company will be externally managed by BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership (the “Adviser”). On February 3, 2023, the Company was capitalized with a $200,000 investment by the Adviser. The Adviser has agreed to not sell, transfer or dispose of the shares to any party other than an affiliate of the Adviser for so long as the Adviser or its affiliate performs an advisory function for the Company. BGO IREIT Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, was formed to own all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, of which the Company is the sole general partner. BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP, a Delaware limited partnership, will own a special limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership.
In connection with the commencement of the offering, Sun Life (U.S.) HoldCo 2020, Inc. (“Sun Life”), an affiliate of Sun Life Financial Inc., is expected to contribute its 56.5% interest in a joint venture (the “Seed JV”) that indirectly owns a portfolio of industrial assets (the “Seed Portfolio”) to the Company in exchange for 13,000,000 Class E units of the Operating Partnership at a price per unit equal to $10.00 (the “Seed JV Acquisition”). The purchase price of the interest in the Seed JV will be equal to $130 million, which represents the aggregate capital contributions made by Sun Life in respect of the Seed JV. Following the Seed JV Acquisition, the Company’s 56.5% interest in the Seed JV is expected to represent an indirect 34.2% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio.
Seed Portfolio
The Seed Portfolio consists of approximately 9.4 million square feet across 29 separate industrial buildings located throughout the Midwest of the United States. The Seed Portfolio is divided into four industrial parks that consist of three regional portfolios in St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Kansas City and one stand-alone industrial property in Kenosha, Wisconsin, which is located in the Chicago metropolitan statistical area. The Seed Portfolio was developed in partnership between NorthPoint Development (“NorthPoint”) and Northwestern Mutual between 2012 and 2023. See note 2 — Basis of Presentation for a summary of certain information regarding the Seed Portfolio.
2.   Basis of Presentation
The accompanying Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses (the “Combined Statement”) for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (unaudited) combines the rental operations of the Seed Portfolio on the basis of common management.
The Combined Statement for the Seed Portfolio has been prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) for inclusion in the Company’s registration statement on Form S-11, and with the provisions of SEC Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, which require certain information with respect to real estate operations to be included with certain filings with the SEC. The Combined Statement includes the combined historical revenues and certain expenses of the Seed Portfolio, exclusive of items which may not be comparable to the proposed future operations of the Seed Portfolio subsequent to the Company’s acquisition of an interest in the Seed JV. Material amounts that would not be directly attributable to future operating results of the Seed Portfolio are excluded, and the Combined Statement are not intended to be a complete presentation of the Seed Portfolio’s revenues and expenses. Expenses excluded from the Combined Statement consist of depreciation and amortization expense, interest expense, and certain corporate expenses.
 
F-17

 
Seed Portfolio
Notes to the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (continued)
The Combined Statement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is unaudited. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim period includes all adjustments, which are of a normal and recurring nature, necessary for a fair and consistent presentation of the Seed JV’s results of operations. The results of operations for the unaudited interim period presented are not necessarily indicative of full year results of operations.
The table below summarizes certain information regarding the Seed Portfolio included within the Combined Statement for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (unaudited), and their locations:
Property
​ ​
Market
​ ​
Number of Buildings
​
Hazelwood Tradeport
​ ​ St. Louis ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​
West Chester Trade Center
​ ​ Cincinnati ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​
Horizons Industrial
​ ​ Kansas City ​ ​ ​ ​ 10 ​ ​
Heartland 94
​ ​
Chicago MSA
​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​
Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 29 ​ ​
3.   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Revenue Recognition
The Seed Portfolio leases its operating properties to tenants under agreements that are generally classified as operating leases, and as such, recognizes rental revenue from tenants on a straight-line basis over the lease term, if collectability is probable. Recoveries from tenants represent amounts that are charged to tenants for their share of operating expenses incurred by the Seed Portfolio in accordance with each tenant’s respective lease. Amounts due from tenants typically consist of costs related to common area maintenance, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance, and other operating expenses are generally subject to recovery. Recoveries from tenants are recognized as revenue in the same period the related expenses are incurred.
Expense Recognition
Certain expenses represent the direct expenses of operating the properties and consist primarily of repairs and maintenance, property management fees, real estate taxes and other property expenses that are expected to continue in the proposed future operations of the properties.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Combined Statement in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make certain estimates, judgements and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and certain expenses during the reporting period presented. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.
4.   Future Minimum Rents
The properties are leased to tenants under operating leases with expiration dates extending to 2037.
As of March 31, 2023 (unaudited), the future minimum rents to be received over the next five years under non-cancelable tenant operating leases is summarized as follows (in thousands):
 
F-18

 
Seed Portfolio
Notes to the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (continued)
(Unaudited)
​ ​
Amount
​
2023 (remaining nine months)
​ ​ ​ $ 29,008 ​ ​
2024
​ ​ ​ ​ 38,951 ​ ​
2025
​ ​ ​ ​ 35,600 ​ ​
2026
​ ​ ​ ​ 31,650 ​ ​
2027
​ ​ ​ ​ 25,282 ​ ​
Thereafter
​ ​ ​ ​ 77,737 ​ ​
Total ​ ​ ​ $ 238,228 ​ ​
The future minimum rents to be received under non-cancelable tenant operating leases as of December 31, 2022 is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Years ending December 31:
​ ​
Amount
​
2023 ​ ​ ​ $ 37,644 ​ ​
2024
​ ​ ​ ​ 38,621 ​ ​
2025
​ ​ ​ ​ 35,276 ​ ​
2026
​ ​ ​ ​ 31,333 ​ ​
2027
​ ​ ​ ​ 25,139 ​ ​
Thereafter
​ ​ ​ ​ 77,737 ​ ​
Total ​ ​ ​ $ 245,750 ​ ​
5.   Tenant Concentrations
No tenant comprised more than 10% of the Seed Portfolio’s rental revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (unaudited).
6.   Commitments and Contingencies
Liabilities for loss contingencies arising from claims, assessments, litigation, fines, penalties and other sources are recorded when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the assessment can be reasonably estimated. Legal costs incurred in connection with loss contingencies are expensed as incurred. There is no material litigation nor to management’s knowledge is any material litigation currently threatened against the Seed Portfolio other than routine litigation, claims and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business.
7.   Management Agreements
In connection with the management of the Seed Portfolio, property management fees were paid to NorthPoint, which owns an interest in the Seed Portfolio, by all 29 industrial buildings in the Seed Portfolio. The property management fees are calculated as the lesser of (1) 3% of monthly gross rent, or (2) the maximum amount reimbursable to each industrial building by tenants with leases for space within the industrial building. Property management fees of $187,097 were recorded on the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2023 (unaudited).
 
F-19

 
Seed Portfolio
Notes to the Combined Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses
for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 (Unaudited) (continued)
8.   Subsequent Events
Management has evaluated events through May 12, 2023 and concluded that no subsequent events have occurred that would require disclosure in the notes to the Combined Statement.
 
F-20

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (“BGO IREIT” or the “Company”) as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022 have been adjusted to illustrate the estimated effect of the issuance of Class E units of BGO IREIT Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) and a consolidated subsidiary of the Company, as consideration for the acquisition by the Operating Partnership of an interest in the Seed JV (as defined below), as more fully described below.
Specifically, the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements include:
•
The effects on the unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 of the following transactions:
​
•
The contemplated contribution of Sun Life (U.S.) HoldCo 2020, Inc.’s (“Sun Life”), an affiliate of Sun Life Financial Inc., 56.5% interest in a real estate joint venture (the “Seed JV”) that indirectly owns a portfolio of industrial assets (the “Seed Portfolio”) to BGO IREIT (the “Seed JV Acquisition”) in exchange for 13,000,000 Class E units of the Operating Partnership at a price per unit equal to $10.00. The Seed Portfolio is currently financed with a senior loan of $560.4 million with an interest rate of 4.0%.
​
•
The consolidation of the Seed JV, a variable interest entity, of which BGO IREIT will own 56.5% and Strategic Partners II Genesis, LLC, an unaffiliated third party, will continue to own the remaining 43.5%.
​
•
The unaudited results of operations of the following items on the unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022:
​
•
Adjustments related to the Company’s share of income/(loss) from its indirect equity method investment in the Seed Portfolio, as more fully described below.
​
•
Adjustments related to the noncontrolling interest’s share of the Seed JV’s net income/ (loss) and the noncontrolling interest’s share of the net income/​(loss) of the Operating Partnership for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022.
​
•
As the Company has not adjusted for organization and offering proceeds in the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements, the Company has not included an adjustment for management fees in the unaudited pro forma statements of operations.
​
The unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2023, reflects the financial position of the Company as if the Seed JV Acquisition occurred on March 31, 2023. The unaudited pro forma combined statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and the year ended December 31, 2022, presents the Company’s results of operations as if the Seed JV Acquisition was completed on January 1, 2023 and January 1, 2022, respectively. The Seed JV Acquisition and respective adjustments are further described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements.
The Company intends to make an election to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2023. Generally, the Company will not be subject to federal income taxes on amounts distributed to stockholders, providing it distributes 90% of its REIT taxable income and meets certain other requirements for qualifying as a REIT. If the Company fails to maintain its qualification as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will then be subject to federal income taxes on its taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for four years following the year during which qualification is lost unless the Internal Revenue Service grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could have a material adverse effect on its net income and net cash available for distribution to its members.
The Company is externally managed by the Adviser. The Company will pay the Adviser a management fee equal to 1.25% of NAV for Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares per annum and payable monthly.
 
F-21

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements
The Company will not incur upfront selling commissions, dealer manager fees or stockholder servicing fees for sales of any Class E shares. Additionally, the Company will not pay a management fee to the Adviser on the Class E shares or Class E units issued or a performance allocation to the Special Limited Partner on the Class E units.
Seed Portfolio
The Seed Portfolio consists of approximately 9.4 million square feet across 29 separate industrial buildings located throughout the Midwest of the United States. The Seed Portfolio is divided into four industrial parks that consist of three regional portfolios in St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Kansas City and one stand-alone industrial property in Kenosha, Wisconsin, which is located in the Chicago metropolitan statistical area. The Seed Portfolio was developed in partnership between NorthPoint Development and Northwestern Mutual between 2012 and 2023. The table below summarizes certain information regarding the Seed Portfolio:
Property
​ ​
Market
​ ​
Number of
Buildings
​
Hazelwood Tradeport
​ ​ St. Louis ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​
West Chester Trade Center
​ ​ Cincinnati ​ ​ ​ ​ 9 ​ ​
Horizons Industrial
​ ​ Kansas City ​ ​ ​ ​ 10 ​ ​
Heartland 94
​ ​
Chicago MSA
​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​
Total ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​    29 ​ ​
The following unaudited pro forma combined financial statements have been prepared to comply with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements are presented for informational purposes only and should be read in conjunction with all other financial information and analysis presented elsewhere in this prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma combined financial statements are not necessarily indicative of (i) the Company’s financial position that would have actually existed had the Seed JV Acquisition occurred on March 31, 2023, (ii) the results of operations that would have actually occurred had the Seed JV Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2023 and January 1, 2022, respectively, or (iii) the Company’s financial position or results of operations as of any future date or for any future period. In the Company’s opinion, all adjustments necessary to reflect the effect of the Seed JV Acquisition have been made. The adjustments to the unaudited pro forma combined financial statements are based on available information and assumptions that the Company considers reasonable. The adjustments represent estimates based on information available as of the date of these unaudited pro forma combined financial statements and are subject to change as additional information becomes available and analyses are performed.
 
F-22

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Balance Sheet
As of March 31, 2023
($’s in thousands)
​ ​ ​
BGO Industrial
Real Estate
Income Trust Inc.
(Historical)
​ ​
Seed JV
Investment
(A)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​
BGO Industrial
Real Estate
Income Trust Inc.
(Pro Forma
Combined)
​
Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash and cash equivalents
​ ​ ​ $ 199 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 199 ​ ​
Investments in unconsolidated joint venture
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 230,000 ​ ​ ​
(A-1)
​ ​ ​ ​ 230,000 ​ ​
Total Assets
​ ​ ​ $ 199 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 230,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 230,199 ​ ​
Liabilities and Owner’s Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Commitments and contingencies
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total Liabilities
​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​
Redeemable noncontrolling interest attributable to third
party joint ventures
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100,000 ​ ​ ​
(A-2)
​ ​ ​ ​ 100,000 ​ ​
Owner’s Equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Common stock, $.01 par value per share, 3,000,000,000(1) shares authorized, 20,000 shares issued
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Additional paid in capital
​ ​ ​ ​ 200 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 200 ​ ​
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ (1) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1) ​ ​
Retained earnings
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Noncontrolling interests attributable to Operating Partnership unit holders
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 130,000 ​ ​ ​
(A-1)
​ ​ ​ ​ 130,000 ​ ​
Total Owner’s Equity
​ ​ ​ $ 199 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 130,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 130,199 ​ ​
Total Liabilities and Owner’s Equity
​ ​ ​ $ 199 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 230,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 230,199 ​ ​
​
(1)
600,000,000 shares each of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares, and Class E shares are authorized.​
​
 
F-23

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statement of Operations
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
($’s in thousands)
​ ​ ​
BGO Industrial
Real Estate
Income Trust Inc.
(Historical)
​ ​
Seed JV
Investment
(AA)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
BGO Industrial
Real Estate
Income Trust Inc.
(Pro Forma
Combined)
​
Expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
General and administrative
​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​
Total expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1 ​ ​
Income/(loss) from unconsolidated joint venture
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2,643) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(AA-1)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2,643) ​ ​
Net income/(loss)
​ ​ ​ $ (1) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (2,643) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (2,644) ​ ​
Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2,641) ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(AA-1)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (2,641) ​ ​
Net income/(loss) attributable to stockholders
​ ​ ​ $ (1) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (2) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (3) ​ ​
Per share data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Basic
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
​
(BB)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 20,000 ​ ​
Diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,020,000 ​ ​
Pro forma earnings per share: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Basic
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (0.17) ​ ​
Diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (0.00) ​ ​
 
F-24

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statement of Operations
For the Year Ended December 31, 2022
($’s in thousands)
​ ​ ​
BGO Industrial
Real Estate
Income Trust, Inc.
(Historical)
​ ​
Seed JV
Investment
(AA)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​
BGO Industrial
Real Estate
Income Trust, Inc.
(Pro Forma Combined)
​
Income/(loss) from unconsolidated joint venture
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (15,166) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (15,166) ​ ​
Net income/(loss)
​ ​ ​ $    — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (15,166) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (15,166) ​ ​
Net income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling
interests
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (15,153) ​ ​ ​
(AA-1)
​ ​ ​ ​ (15,153) ​ ​
Net income/(loss) attributable to stockholders
​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (13) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (13) ​ ​
Per share data: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Pro forma weighted average shares outstanding:
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Basic
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
(BB)
​ ​ ​ ​ 20,000 ​ ​
Diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,020,000 ​ ​
Pro forma earnings per share:
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Basic
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (0.66) ​ ​
Diluted
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (0.00) ​ ​
 
F-25

 
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Financial Statements
1.   Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2023
(A)   Represents Sun Life’s contribution of its 56.5% interest in the Seed JV to the Company in exchange for 13,000,000 Class E units of the Operating Partnership at a price per unit equal to $10.00. We anticipate that, after its contribution, Sun Life will have a controlling financial interest in BGO IREIT based on the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, Consolidation, due to its ability to obtain majority voting interest upon exchange of its Operating Partnership units for BGO IREIT shares. As a result, the transaction has been reflected as a contribution among entities under common control and recorded at Sun Life’s carryover basis.
(A-1)   Reflects the Company’s indirect 34.2% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio, held by the Operating Partnership consolidated by BGO IREIT. As BGO IREIT’s interest in the Operating Partnership is a controlling financial interest, BGO IREIT consolidates the Operating Partnership, which holds a 56.5% ownership interest in the Seed JV, which in turn holds a 60.5% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio. The portion of the Operating Partnership not owned by the Company is reflected as noncontrolling interest; see (A-2) for discussion of the redeemable noncontrolling interest issued by the Seed JV. BGO IREIT accounts for its investment in the Seed Portfolio under the equity method of accounting. The following table presents the summarized balance sheet of the Seed Portfolio:
Balance sheet
​ ​
As of March 31,
2023
​
Assets ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Investment rental properties
​ ​ ​ ​ 941,916 ​ ​
Cash and cash equivalents
​ ​ ​ ​ 25,637 ​ ​
Other assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 11,957 ​ ​
Total assets
​ ​ ​ $ 979,510 ​ ​
Liabilities and owner’s equity ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Mortgage loans, net
​ ​ ​ ​ 547,500 ​ ​
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 52,010 ​ ​
Total liabilities
​ ​ ​ $ 599,510 ​ ​
Owner’s equity
​ ​ ​ $ 380,000 ​ ​
Total liabilities and owner’s equity
​ ​ ​ $ 979,510 ​ ​
(A-2)   Represents the 43.5% noncontrolling ownership interest issued by the Seed JV, which is consolidated by BGO IREIT by virtue of its consolidation of the Operating Partnership; such amount is puttable by an investor to the Seed JV and, therefore is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest on the unaudited pro forma combined balance sheet as of March 31, 2023.
 
F-26

 
2.   Adjustments to the Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and the Year Ended December 31, 2022
(AA)   Reflects the Company’s share of income, on a consolidated basis, from its investment in the Seed JV, which holds an indirect 60.5% ownership interest in the Seed Portfolio. The Seed JV accounts for its investment in the Seed Portfolio under the equity method of accounting. The following table presents the summarized income statements of the Seed Portfolio:
Income Statement
​ ​
For three months ended
March 31, 2023
​ ​
For the year ended
December 31, 2022
​
Revenue ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Property and other income
​ ​ ​ $ 14,220 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 48,314 ​ ​
Total revenue
​ ​ ​ $ 14,220 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 48,314 ​ ​
Expenses ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Operating expenses
​ ​ ​ $ 3,627 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 13,005 ​ ​
Interest expense
​ ​ ​ ​ 6,404 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 26,968 ​ ​
Depreciation and amortization expense
​ ​ ​ ​ 8,352 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,343 ​ ​
Non-Operating Expense
​ ​ ​ ​ 203 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 55 ​ ​
Total expenses
​ ​ ​ $ 18,586 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 73,371 ​ ​
Net income/(loss)
​ ​ ​ $ (4,366) ​ ​ ​ ​ $ (25,057) ​ ​
(AA-1)   Represents the consolidated net loss of BGO IREIT attributable to the noncontrolling interest for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022. The net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests relate to (1) the 99.85% noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership and (2) the 43.5% noncontrolling interest of the Seed JV not owned by the consolidated Operating Partnership.
(BB)   The pro forma weighted-average number of shares outstanding assumes 20,000 shares of Class E common stock were issued as of January 1, 2023 and January 1, 2022.
At the time of the offering, the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is equal to its redemption amount. Any changes in redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest will have a direct impact to net income available to stockholders, which will ultimately impact earnings per share.
 
F-27

 
APPENDIX A: PRIOR PERFORMANCE TABLES
The following prior performance tables provide information relating to certain real estate investment programs sponsored by our sponsor, BGO and its affiliates, which are collectively referred to herein as the prior programs. These prior programs focus on investing in real estate. Each individual prior real estate program has its own specific investment objectives; however, the general investment objectives common to all the prior programs include providing investors with investment returns from income-producing real estate and real estate-related debt. We have presented all prior programs that have investment objectives similar to ours and certain other recent programs that do not have investment objectives similar to ours, as required by applicable SEC guidance.
We consider a program to have an investment objective similar to that of our real estate portfolio if the program seeks steady income and potential capital appreciation by investing primarily in stabilized and/or substantially stabilized real estate. We consider a program to have an investment objective similar to that of our real estate-related assets portfolio if the program invests primarily in liquid public and private real estate-related debt securities, including, but not limited to, CMBS, mortgages, loans, mezzanine or other forms of debt.
This information should be read together with the summary information included in the “Prior Performance” section of this prospectus.
By purchasing shares in this offering, you will not acquire any ownership interest in any prior real estate programs to which the information in this section relates and you should not assume that you will experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by the investors in the prior programs discussed. Further, most of the prior programs discussed in this section were conducted through privately-held entities that were subject neither to the fees and expenses associated with this offering nor all of the laws and regulations that will apply to us as a publicly offered REIT.
Description of the Tables
The following tables are included herein:
​ Table I —  ​ ​ Experience in Raising and Investing Funds ​
​
Table II — 
​ ​ (Omitted) Compensation to Sponsor has been omitted since compensation data is included in Table IV — Results of Completed Programs. ​
​
Table III — 
​ ​ Operating Results of Prior Programs ​
​
Table IV — 
​ ​ Results of Completed Programs ​
​
Table V — 
​ ​ Sales or Disposals of Properties ​
 
A-1

 
TABLE I
EXPERIENCE IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS
Table I provides a summary of the experience of BGO as a sponsor in raising and investing the five most recent prior funds in prior programs for which the offerings have closed during the three years ended December 31, 2022 or are open-ended. We have excluded the financial position and results of separately managed accounts, co-investment entities, and other vehicles for which BGO does not have investment discretion from the table below.
All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated, unless otherwise noted.
​ ​ ​
As of December 31, 2022
​
($/CAD$/€ in millions)
​ ​
GO EUL(1)
​ ​
BGO EUL
​ ​
BGO Core Plus(1)
​ ​
BGO Prime(1)
​ ​
BGO-D(1)
​
Dollar amount offered
​ ​ ​ € 500.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ € 215.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 1,009.7 ​ ​ ​
CAD$3,801.5
​ ​ ​ $ 662.3 ​ ​
Dollar amount raised
​ ​ ​ € 695.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ € 215.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 1,009.7 ​ ​ ​
CAD$3,801.5
​ ​ ​ $ 662.3 ​ ​
Length of offering (in months)
​ ​ ​ ​ 24 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A(2) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A(2) ​ ​ ​
N/A(2)
​ ​ ​ ​ N/A(2) ​ ​
Months to invest 90% of amount
available for investment (measured
from date of offering)
​ ​ ​ € 13.0 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A(3) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A(3) ​ ​ ​
N/A(3)
​ ​ ​ ​ N/A(3) ​ ​
​
(1)
The program includes a fund series with multiple parallel and feeder fund vehicles.
​
(2)
The program is an open-end fund with no set length of the offering.
​
(3)
The program is open-end fund, and therefore investment period is not applicable.
​
 
A-2

 
TABLE III
OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR PROGRAMS
Table III summarizes the operating results of BGO’s prior programs that have had offerings close during the five years ended December 31, 2022 or are open-ended. We have excluded the financial position and results of separately managed accounts, co-investment entities, and other vehicles for which BGO does not have investment discretion from the table below.
All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated, unless otherwise noted.
All figures are prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reportings Standards (“IFRS”) on a combined basis.
​ ​ ​
GO EUL
​
(€ in thousands except per share value)
​ ​
2018(*)
​ ​
2019
​ ​
2020
​ ​
2021
​ ​
2022
​
Summary Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Revenue (loss)
​ ​ ​ € — ​ ​ ​ ​ € 919 ​ ​ ​ ​ € 1,596 ​ ​ ​ ​ € 946 ​ ​ ​ ​ € — ​ ​
Other Gain (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ (18) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7,247 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,215 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 77,857 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (11,640) ​ ​
Total Expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 833 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,534 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6,719 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 27,044 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1,791) ​ ​
Comprehensive Profit (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ (851) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,633 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,091 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 51,759 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (13,431) ​ ​
Summary Statements of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash flows provided by operating activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (718) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (321) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (5,818) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (7,790) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (9,948) ​ ​
Cash flows provided by investing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (50) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (73,048) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (68,235) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (434,311) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 29,106 ​ ​
Cash flows provided by financing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 10,750 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 88,354 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 61,090 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 451,986 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (37,071) ​ ​
Amount and Source of Distributions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (11,822) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (57,000) ​ ​
Amount of reinvested distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (11,822) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (57,000) ​ ​
Sources of Distributions (per $1,000 invested)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
From operations
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (11,822) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (23,989) ​ ​
From sales of properties
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (33,011) ​ ​
From refinancings
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Summary Balance Sheet ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 12,909 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 106,435 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 172,500 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 703,166 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 637,450 ​ ​
Total liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 3,010 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,550 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24,158 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 42,340 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,056 ​ ​
Share Valuation
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Net Asset Value per Share**
​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​
​
Notes:
(*)
For the period from September 4, 2018 (Commencement of Operations) to December 31, 2018.
​
**
Net asset value per share is not relevant as vehicle is closed ended.
​
 
A-3

 
All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated, unless otherwise noted.
All figures are prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reportings Standards (“IFRS”) on a combined basis.
​ ​ ​
BGO EUL
​
(€ in thousands except per share value)
​ ​
2021(*)
​ ​
2022
​
Summary Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Revenue (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,617 ​ ​
Other Gain (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (35,300) ​ ​
Total Expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ (49) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,941 ​ ​
Comprehensive Profit (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ 49 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (38,624) ​ ​
Summary Statements of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash flows provided by operating activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 959 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 36 ​ ​
Cash flows provided by investing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (227,000) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Cash flows provided by financing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 260,214 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Amount and Source of Distributions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Amount of reinvested distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Sources of Distributions (per $1,000 invested)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
From operations
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
From sales of properties
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
From refinancings
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Summary Balance Sheet ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 12,909 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12,909 ​ ​
Total liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 3,010 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,010 ​ ​
Share Valuation ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Net Asset Value per Share
​ ​ ​ ​ 887 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
​
Notes:
(*)
For the period from October 6, 2021 (Inception) to December 31, 2021.
​
 
A-4

 
All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated, unless otherwise noted.
All figures on a GAAP basis.
​ ​ ​
BGO Core Plus
​
​ ​ ​
Year Ended
​
($ in thousands except per share value)
​ ​
2020(*)
​ ​
2021
​ ​
2022
​
Summary Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total Investment Income
​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 13,194 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 40,782 ​ ​
Operating expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ (422) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (5,685) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (12,657) ​ ​
Net investment Income (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ (422) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7,509 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 28,125 ​ ​
Unrealized gain
​ ​ ​ ​ (373) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 55,993 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 109,288 ​ ​
Realized Gain
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,319 ​ ​
Net income
​ ​ ​ ​ (796) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 63,502 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 146,732 ​ ​
Summary Statements of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash flows provided by operating activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (119,008) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (512,285) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (148,077) ​ ​
Cash flows provided by investing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Cash flows provided by financing activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 138,500 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 613,261 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 75,092 ​ ​
Amount of Cash Distributions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Amount of reinvested distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​
​
—
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total distributions paid to limited partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Sources of Cash Distributions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
From operations
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
From sales of properties
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
From refinancing
​ ​ ​
​
—
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Summary Balance Sheet ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total assets (before depreciation/amortization)
​ ​ ​ ​ 138,486 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 816,112 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,038,793 ​ ​
Total assets (after depreciation)
​ ​ ​ ​ 138,486 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 816,112 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,038,793 ​ ​
Total liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 12,282 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,644 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,502 ​ ​
Net Asset Value per Share
​ ​ ​ ​ 9,941 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,763 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14,017 ​ ​
​
(*)
For the period from June 30, 2020 (Commencement of Operations) to December 31, 2020.
​
 
A-5

 
All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated, unless otherwise noted.
All figures on a GAAP basis.
​ ​ ​
BGO-D
​
($ in thousands except per share value)
​ ​
2018
​ ​
2019
​ ​
2020
​ ​
2021
​ ​
2022
​
Summary Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total Investment Income
​ ​ ​ $ 339,912 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 360,785 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 365,240 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 348,522 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 370,835 ​ ​
Operating Expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ (118,205) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (124,851) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (108,938) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (89,078) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (123,662) ​ ​
Net Investment Income (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ 222 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 236 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 256 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 259 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 247,174 ​ ​
Net Realized and Unrealized Gain (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ 333,771 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 59,916 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (166,048) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,333,632 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 430,743 ​ ​
Net Income (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ 333,993 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 60,152 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (165,791) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,333,891 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 677,916 ​ ​
Summary Statement of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Operating Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 4,257 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 284,589 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 281,495 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 925,164 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (401,968) ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Investing Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Financing Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (18,494) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (214,734) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (120,888) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (764,953) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 46,974 ​ ​
Amount of Cash Distributions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash Distributions Paid to Limited Partners
​ ​ ​ ​ 573,754 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 392,006 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 171,966 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 775,268 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 730,861 ​ ​
Amount Reinvested distributions Paid to
Limited Partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total Distributions Paid to Limited Partners (per $1,000)
​ ​ ​ ​ 573,754 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 392,006 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 171,966 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 775,268 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 730,861 ​ ​
Source of Cash Distributions: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
From Operations
​ ​ ​ ​ 294,156 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 378,491 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 171,966 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 310,358 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 354,183 ​ ​
From Sales of Properties
​ ​ ​ ​ 279,598 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,515 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 464,910 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 376,679 ​ ​
From Refinancings
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Summary Balance Sheet ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total Assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 9,771,039 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9,920,639 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10,013,905 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10,738,770 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,386,102 ​ ​
Total Liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 2,367,199 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,378,821 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,400,309 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,258,999 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,389,953 ​ ​
Net Asset Value per Share
​ ​ ​ ​ 2,148 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,235 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,257 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,746 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,968 ​ ​
 
A-6

 
All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated, unless otherwise noted.
All figures on a Canadian ASPE disclosed basis.
​ ​ ​
BGO Prime
​
(CAD$ in thousands except per share value)
​ ​
2018
​ ​
2019
​ ​
2020
​ ​
2021
​ ​
2022
​
Summary Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Revenue (loss)
​ ​ ​ $ 382,128 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 414,443 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 431,662 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 415,358 ​ ​ ​ ​ $ 399,381 ​ ​
Other Gain
​ ​ ​ ​ 2,242 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,119 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,897 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,754 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,456 ​ ​
Total Expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ (221,860) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (246,928) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (268,087) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (257,434) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (250,973) ​ ​
Loss on sale of investment properties
​ ​ ​ ​ (10,026) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (31,864) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (20,858) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1,614) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (40,275) ​ ​
Comprehensive profit
​ ​ ​ ​ 152,484 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 140,770 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 145,614 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 158,064 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 113,589 ​ ​
Summary Statement of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Operating Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 168,870 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 178,282 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 167,643 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 168,798 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 145,546 ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Investing Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (83,485) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (511,089) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 198,022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (271,484) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (422,471) ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Financing Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (96,199) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 504,571 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 69,889 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 333,189 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (10,081) ​ ​
Amount of Cash Distributions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash Distributions Paid to Limited
Partners
​ ​ ​ ​ 132,922 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 153,627 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 267,124 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 179,609 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 765,761 ​ ​
Amount Reinvested distributions Paid to Limited Partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total Distributions Paid to Limited Partners (per $1,000)
​ ​ ​ ​ 132,922 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 153,627 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 267,124 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 179,609 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 765,761 ​ ​
Source of Cash Distributions: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
From Operations
​ ​ ​ ​ 132,922 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 153,627 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 267,124 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 179,609 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 765,761 ​ ​
From Sales of Properties
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
From Refinancings
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Summary Balance Sheet ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total Assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,144,058 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,979,015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,999,535 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6,952,487 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7,151,798 ​ ​
Total Liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,056,311 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,402,992 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,616,056 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,916,982 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,999,257 ​ ​
Summary Balance Sheet
​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​
 
A-7

 
All figures are as of December 31 of the year indicated, unless otherwise noted.
All figures on a GAAP basis.
($ in thousands except per share value)
​ ​
GO US IV
​
​
2021(*)
​ ​
2022
​
Summary Operating Results ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total Investment Income
​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​ ​ ​ $ — ​ ​
Operating Expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,379 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (10,010) ​ ​
Net Investment Income (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ (1,379) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (10,010) ​ ​
Unrealized Gain (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,532 ​ ​
Realized Gain (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Income tax provision
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Net Income (loss)
​ ​ ​ ​ (1,379) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1,478) ​ ​
Summary Statement of Cash Flows ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Operating Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ (48,799) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (138,521) ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Investing Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Net Cash Flows Provided by (used in) Financing Activities
​ ​ ​ ​ 48,800 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (138,600) ​ ​
Amount of Cash Distributions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Cash Distributions Paid to Limited Partners
​ ​ ​ ​ 43,500 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Amount Reinvested distributions Paid to Limited Partners
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Total Distributions Paid to Limited Partners (per $1,000)
​ ​ ​ ​ 43,500 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Source of Cash Distributions: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
From Operations
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
From Sales of Properties
​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
From Refinancings
​ ​ ​ ​ 43,500 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Summary Balance Sheet ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Total Assets
​ ​ ​ ​ 47,811 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 186,589 ​ ​
Total Liabilities
​ ​ ​ ​ 49,189 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 189,446 ​ ​
Net Asset Value per Share**
​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ N/A ​ ​
​
(*)
For the period from October 14, 2021 (Commencement of Operations) to December 31, 2021.
​
**
Net asset value per share is not relevant as vehicle is closed ended.
​
 
A-8

 
TABLE IV
RESULTS OF COMPLETED PROGRAMS
This table summarizes information on the results of prior BGO real estate programs that have completed operations during the five years ended December 31, 2022. No prior BGO programs with investment objectives similar to ours have completed operations during the five years ended December 31, 2022. Neither GreenOak US I nor GreenOak Japan I had investment objectives similar to ours because it sought primarily capital appreciation by investing generally in opportunistic real estate rather than seeking steady income and potential capital appreciation by investing primarily in stabilized and/or substantially stabilized real estate.
All figures are through the last full quarter prior to completion of the program unless otherwise noted.
($ in thousands)
​ ​
GreenOak US Fund I
​ ​
GO Japan
​
Date of first close
​ ​
12/2018
​ ​
06/2018
​
Duration of operations (months)
​ ​
91
​ ​
90
​
Dollar amount raised
​ ​
$2,600,000
​ ​
$2,600,000
​
Annualized return on investment
​ ​
9.7%
​ ​
7.7%
​
Median annual leverage
​ ​
66%
​ ​
75%
​
 
A-9

 
TABLE V
SALES OR DISPOSALS OF PROPERTY
This table summarizes all sales or disposals of property by the prior programs with similar investment objectives to ours during the three-year period ended December 31, 2022.
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Selling Price, Net of Closing Costs and
GAAP Adjustments (CAD$ in thousands)
​ ​
Cost of Properties Including Closing and
Soft Costs (CAD$ in thousands)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Property
​ ​
Date
Acquired
​ ​
Date of
Sale
​ ​
Cash
received
net of
closing
costs
​ ​
Mortgage
balance
at time
of sale
​ ​
Purchase
money
mortgage
taken back
by program
​ ​
Adjustments
resulting
from
application
of GAAP
​ ​
Total
​ ​
Original
Mortgage
Financing
​ ​
Total
acquisition
cost,
capital
improvement,
closing
and
soft costs
​ ​
Total
​ ​
Excess
(deficiency)
of Property
Operating
Cash
Receipts
Over
Cash
Expenditures
​
General Mills
​ ​ ​ ​ 11/1/1997 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6/15/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,067 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,067 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24,478 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24,478 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Lincoln Gateway Land
​ ​ ​ ​ 1/12/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8/19/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 61,759 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 61,759 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,938 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,938 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 114 ​ ​
9th & Thomas (Loan)
​ ​ ​ ​ 2/17/2016 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9/4/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 95,056 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 95,056 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 75,168 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 75,168 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
10303 Jasper Avenue (CWB)
​ ​ ​ ​ 11/1/2010 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11/3/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,696 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,696 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 28,338 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 28,338 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Hollis Business Center
​ ​ ​ ​ 10/27/1999 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/2/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 123,808 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 123,808 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 56,769 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 56,769 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4,430 ​ ​
Hollywood 959 (Loan)
​ ​ ​ ​ 12/5/2013 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/11/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 109,919 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 109,919 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 91,861 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 91,861 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
The Ardea
​ ​ ​ ​ 8/7/2008 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/14/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 145,980 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 145,980 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 150,416 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 150,416 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,923 ​ ​
The Metro
​ ​ ​ ​ 11/8/2012 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/14/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 153,924 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 153,924 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 106,265 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 106,265 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7,200 ​ ​
The Windward
​ ​ ​ ​ 10/21/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/14/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 91,973 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 91,973 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 102,727 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 102,727 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4,230 ​ ​
1717 Rhode Island
​ ​ ​ ​ 4/3/2002 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/30/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 54,493 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 54,493 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 84,272 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 84,272 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,871 ​ ​
Kansas Commerce Center
​ ​ ​ ​ 4/6/2006 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3/1/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 42,507 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 42,507 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 59,608 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 59,608 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,953 ​ ​
College & Renner
​ ​ ​ ​ 6/1/2000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3/24/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24,920 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24,920 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 29,403 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 29,403 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,295 ​ ​
147 Milk Street
​ ​ ​ ​ 6/10/2016 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3/25/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 44,430 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 44,430 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 37,924 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 37,924 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,695 ​ ​
St. Michael’s College
​ ​ ​ ​ 11/1/2017 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5/6/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100,362 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100,362 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 52,482 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 52,482 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Mount Eden
​ ​ ​ ​ 6/25/1998 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6/14/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 151,027 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 151,027 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 70,679 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 70,679 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,728 ​ ​
Mondrian Cityplace
​ ​ ​ ​ 9/28/2012 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7/23/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 78,548 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 78,548 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 72,411 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 72,411 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,124 ​ ​
Shaw Park Plaza
​ ​ ​ ​ 6/5/1998 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7/29/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 58,799 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 58,799 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 68,810 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 68,810 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,557 ​ ​
5875 Explorer Drive
​ ​ ​ ​ 11/1/1997 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8/19/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 17,147 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 17,147 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14,133 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 14,133 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Gates Plaza
​ ​ ​ ​ 5/25/2001 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8/30/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 220,283 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 220,283 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 105,850 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 105,850 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12,496 ​ ​
1500 Hardy Street
​ ​ ​ ​ 6/1/2006 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9/2/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16,738 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16,738 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,199 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11,199 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Residences at Congressional Village 
​ ​ ​ ​ 10/6/2010 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 9/23/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 126,517 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 126,517 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 124,680 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 124,680 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,455 ​ ​
505 Doyle Avenue
​ ​ ​ ​ 6/1/2014 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10/1/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 58,647 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 34,036 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 92,683 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 31,125 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 50,893 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 82,018 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
11 Sleeper Street
​ ​ ​ ​ 10/16/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11/4/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,371 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,371 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,094 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,094 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 55 ​ ​
12 Farnsworth Street
​ ​ ​ ​ 10/16/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11/4/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 49,059 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 49,059 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 30,602 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 30,602 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 543 ​ ​
Tour KPMG
​ ​ ​ ​ 9/1/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11/5/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 192,798 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 192,798 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 225,375 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 225,375 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
1050 West Pender
​ ​ ​ ​ 10/1/1997 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11/8/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 78,979 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4,058 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 83,036 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 3,807 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 28,988 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 32,795 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
5100 Spectrum Way
​ ​ ​ ​ 12/1/1997 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/13/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 17,196 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 17,196 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,850 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 13,850 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Springbrook Prairie Pavilion
​ ​ ​ ​ 10/21/2010 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100,961 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 100,961 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 84,636 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 84,636 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,888 ​ ​
Westwood Village
​ ​ ​ ​ 3/30/2011 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 84,172 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 84,172 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 91,268 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 91,268 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4,212 ​ ​
Kedron Village
​ ​ ​ ​ 5/19/2011 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24,166 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 24,166 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16,165 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16,165 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,122 ​ ​
West Cobb Marketplace
​ ​ ​ ​ 5/19/2011 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 26,647 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 26,647 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,083 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,083 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,257 ​ ​
Sawgrass Center
​ ​ ​ ​ 5/19/2011 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 25,850 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 25,850 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 20,216 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 20,216 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,438 ​ ​
Four Points Centre
​ ​ ​ ​ 5/19/2011 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 40,392 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 40,392 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 27,268 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 27,268 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,669 ​ ​
Parkway Village
​ ​ ​ ​ 12/19/2012 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 44,565 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 44,565 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,401 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,401 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,874 ​ ​
Stony Creek Promenade
​ ​ ​ ​ 8/7/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 48,950 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 48,950 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 52,079 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 52,079 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,047 ​ ​
Midtown Crossing
​ ​ ​ ​ 2/6/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 186,017 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (97,000) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 89,017 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (96,000) ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 183,694 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 87,694 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 10,171 ​ ​
Midtown Crossing – Note Receivable
​ ​ ​ ​ 2/6/2015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,762 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,762 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,762 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,762 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
 
A-10

 
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Selling Price, Net of Closing Costs and
GAAP Adjustments (CAD$ in thousands)
​ ​
Cost of Properties Including Closing
and
Soft Costs (CAD$ in thousands)
​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
Property
​ ​
Date
Acquired
​ ​
Date of
Sale
​ ​
Cash
received
net of
closing
costs
​ ​
Mortgage
balance
at time
of sale
​ ​
Purchase
money
mortgage
taken back
by program
​ ​
Adjustments
resulting
from
application
of GAAP
​ ​
Total
​ ​
Original
Mortgage
Financing
​ ​
Total
acquisition
cost,
capital
improvement,
closing
and
soft costs
​ ​
Total
​ ​
Excess
(deficiency)
of Property
Operating
Cash
Receipts
Over
Cash
Expenditures
​
Kedron Village II
​ ​ ​ ​ 2/16/2017 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 40,374 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 40,374 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 32,105 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 32,105 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,372 ​ ​
Parkside West Cobb
​ ​ ​ ​ 9/20/2017 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,947 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,947 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 48,768 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 48,768 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,618 ​ ​
Kearny Square
​ ​ ​ ​ 6/12/2018 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,264 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 53,264 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 46,652 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 46,652 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 2,759 ​ ​
Rosedale Shopping Center
​ ​ ​ ​ 8/15/2018 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/16/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 41,972 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 41,972 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 34,513 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 34,513 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 1,844 ​ ​
Oakville Streetfront Portfolio
​ ​ ​ ​ 4/1/2012 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/19/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 59,960 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 59,960 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 66,416 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 66,416 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
Eastgate Square
​ ​ ​ ​ 12/1/2013 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 12/23/2021 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 86,920 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 60,338 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 147,258 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 59,845 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 163,704 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 223,548 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
121 King Street West
​ ​ ​ ​ 12/1/2012 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 4/26/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 359,244 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 165,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 524,244 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 165,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 367,160 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 532,160 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
37 Quarry Park
​ ​ ​ ​ 9/1/2017 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5/2/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16,610 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 20,580 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 37,190 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 20,616 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 33,384 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 54,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
The Addison
​ ​ ​ ​ 12/15/2016 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5/27/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 135,041 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 135,041 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 169,015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 169,015 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6,358 ​ ​
Lighton Plaza
​ ​ ​ ​ 1/1/2009 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6/2/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 57,566 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 57,566 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 106,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 106,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ (1,033) ​ ​
Preston View Apartments *
​ ​ ​ ​ 12/17/2020 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 6/8/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 114,862 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 47,160 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 162,022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 47,160 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 83,075.52 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 130,236 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
77 Metcalfe
​ ​ ​ ​ 8/1/2012 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 7/15/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,649 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 17,902 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 36,551 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 18,012 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 47,407 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 65,419 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
49 Quarry Park
​ ​ ​ ​ 9/1/2017 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8/15/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 16,000 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 37,574 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 37,574 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
35 Precidio
​ ​ ​ ​ 4/1/1994 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8/30/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 42,458 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 42,458 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,044 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 8,044 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​
360 State Street
​ ​ ​ ​ 1/1/2009 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 11/8/2022 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 152,624 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 152,624 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ — ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 185,957 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 185,957 ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ 5,798 ​ ​
​
*
Denotes US Dollars.
​
 
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APPENDIX B: DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
This Distribution Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”) has been adopted by BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) pursuant to its Articles of Amendment and Restatement (as amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Charter”). Unless otherwise defined herein, capitalized terms will have the same meaning as set forth in the Charter.
1.  Distribution Reinvestment.   As agent for the stockholders (the “Stockholders”) of the Company who (i) purchase Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares or Class I shares of the Company’s common stock (collectively the “Shares”) pursuant to the Company’s continuous public offering (the “Offering”), or (ii) purchase Shares pursuant to any future offering of the Company (a “Future Offering”), and who do not opt out of participating in the Plan (or, in the case of Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont and Washington investors and clients of participating broker-dealers that do not permit automatic enrollment in the Plan, who opt to participate in the Plan) (the “Participants”), the Company will apply all dividends and other distributions declared and paid in respect of the Shares held by each Participant and attributable to the class of Shares purchased by such Participant (the “Distributions”), including Distributions paid with respect to any full or fractional Shares acquired under the Plan, to the purchase of additional Shares of the same class for such Participant.
2.  Effective Date.   The effective date of this Plan will be the date that the minimum offering requirements are met in connection with the Offering and the escrowed subscription proceeds are released to the Company.
3.  Procedure for Participation.   Any Stockholder (unless such Stockholder is a resident of Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont or Washington or is a client of a participating broker-dealer that does not permit automatic enrollment in the Plan) who has received a Prospectus, as contained in the Company’s registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), will automatically become a Participant unless they elect not to become a Participant by noting such election on their subscription agreement. Any Stockholder who is a resident of Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont or Washington or is a client of a participating broker-dealer that does not permit automatic enrollment in the Plan who has received a Prospectus, as contained in the Company’s registration statement filed with the SEC, will become a Participant if they elect to become a Participant by noting such election on their subscription agreement. If any Stockholder initially elects not to be a Participant, they may later become a Participant by subsequently completing and executing an enrollment form or any appropriate authorization form as may be available from the Company, the Company’s transfer agent, the dealer manager for the Offering or any soliciting dealer participating in the distribution of Shares for the Offering. Participation in the Plan will begin with the next Distribution payable after acceptance of a Participant’s subscription, enrollment or authorization. Shares will be purchased under the Plan on the date that Distributions are paid by the Company.
4.  Suitability.   Each Participant is requested to promptly notify the Company in writing if the Participant experiences a material change in his or her financial condition, including the failure to meet the income, net worth and investment concentration standards imposed by such Participant’s state of residence and set forth in the Company’s most recent prospectus. For the avoidance of doubt, this request in no way shifts to the Participant the responsibility of the Company’s sponsor, or any other person selling shares on behalf of the Company to the Participant to make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of Shares is a suitable and appropriate investment based on information provided by such Participant.
5.  Purchase of Shares.
A.  Participants will acquire Shares from the Company (including Shares purchased by the Company for the Plan in a secondary market (if available) or on a stock exchange (if listed)) under the Plan (the “Plan Shares”) at a price equal to the most recently disclosed transaction price per Share applicable to the class of Shares purchased by the Participant on the date that the distribution is payable (calculated as of the most recent month end). No upfront selling commissions will be payable with respect to shares purchased
 
B-1

 
pursuant to the Plan, but such shares will be subject to ongoing stockholder servicing fees. Participants in the Plan may purchase fractional Shares so that 100% of the Distributions will be used to acquire Shares. However, a Participant will not be able to acquire Plan Shares and such Participant’s participation in the Plan will be terminated to the extent that a reinvestment of such Participant’s distributions in Shares would cause the percentage ownership or other limitations contained in the Charter to be violated.
B.  Shares to be distributed by the Company in connection with the Plan may (but are not required to) be supplied from: (i) the Plan Shares which will be registered with the SEC in connection with the Offering or (ii) Shares to be registered with the SEC in a Future Offering for use in the Plan (a “Future Registration”).
6.  Taxes.   THE REINVESTMENT OF DISTRIBUTIONS DOES NOT RELIEVE A PARTICIPANT OF ANY INCOME TAX LIABILITY THAT MAY BE PAYABLE ON THE DISTRIBUTIONS. INFORMATION REGARDING POTENTIAL TAX INCOME LIABILITY OF PARTICIPANTS MAY BE FOUND IN THE PUBLIC FILINGS MADE BY THE COMPANY WITH THE SEC.
7.  Share Certificates.   The ownership of the Shares purchased through the Plan will be in book-entry form unless and until the Company issues certificates for its outstanding Shares.
8.  Reports.   On a quarterly basis, the Company will provide each Participant a statement of account describing, as to such Participant: (i) the Distributions reinvested during the quarter; (ii) the number and class of Shares purchased pursuant to the Plan during the quarter; (iii) the per share purchase price for such Shares; and (iv) the total number of Shares purchased on behalf of the Participant under the Plan. On an annual basis, tax information with respect to income earned on Shares under the Plan for the calendar year will be provided to each applicable participant.
9.  Termination by Participant.   A Participant may terminate participation in the Plan at any time, without penalty, by delivering 10 business days’ prior written notice to the Company. This notice must be received by the Company prior to the last day of a quarter in order for a Participant’s termination to be effective for such quarter (i.e., a timely termination notice will be effective as of the last day of a quarter in which it is timely received and will not affect participation in the Plan for any prior quarter). Any transfer of Shares by a Participant to a non-Participant will terminate participation in the Plan with respect to the transferred Shares. If a Participant requests that the Company repurchase all or any portion of the Participant’s Shares, the Participant’s participation in the Plan with respect to the Participant’s Shares for which repurchase was requested but that were not repurchased will be terminated. If a Participant terminates Plan participation, the Company may, at its option, ensure that the terminating Participant’s account will reflect the whole number of shares in such Participant’s account and provide a check for the cash value of any fractional share in such account. Upon termination of Plan participation for any reason, future Distributions will be distributed to the Stockholder in cash.
10. Amendment, Suspension or Termination by the Company.   The Board of Directors may by majority vote amend any aspect of the Plan; provided that the Plan cannot be amended to eliminate a Participant’s right to terminate participation in the Plan and that notice of any material amendment must be provided to Participants at least 10 business days prior to the effective date of that amendment. The Board of Directors may by majority vote suspend or terminate the Plan for any reason upon 10 business days’ written notice to the Participants.
11. Liability of the Company.   The Company will not be liable for any act done in good faith, or for any good faith omission to act, including, without limitation, any claims or liability (i) arising out of failure to terminate a Participant’s account upon such Participant’s death prior to timely receipt of notice in writing of such death or (ii) with respect to the time and the prices at which Shares are purchased or sold for a Participant’s account. To the extent that indemnification may apply to liabilities arising under the Securities Act, or the securities laws of a particular state, the Company has been advised that, in the opinion of the SEC and certain state securities commissioners, such indemnification is contrary to public policy and, therefore, unenforceable.
 
B-2

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APPENDIX C: FORM OF SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENTSubscription Agreement for Shares ofBGO Industrial Real Estate IncomeTrust, Inc.1. Your InvestmentInvestment Amount $ Initial PurchaseSubsequent PurchaseInvestment MethodBy mail Attach a check to this agreement. Make all checks payable to: BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOMETRUSTBy wire Name: SS&C GIDS, INC. AS AGENT FOR BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOMETRUSTBank Name: [ ]ABA: [ ]DDA: [ ]Broker-dealer/Financial advisor will make payment on your behalf* Cash, cashier’s checks/official bank checks, temporary checks, foreign checks, money orders, third-party checks, or travelers checks are notaccepted.SHARE CLASS SELECTION (required)SHARE CLASS T (minimum investment $2,500)SHARE CLASS S (minimum investment $2,500)SHARE CLASS D (Minimum investment $2,500; available for certain fee-based wrap accounts and other eligible investors as disclosedin the prospectus)SHARE CLASS I (Minimum investment $1,000,000 (unless waived); available for certain fee-based wrap accounts and other eligibleinvestors as disclosed in the prospectus)Are you a BGO Employee or Affiliate, a BGO Officer or Director or an immediate family member of a BGO Officer or Director (required)?BGO Employee BGO Affiliate BGO Officer orDirectorImmediate FamilyMember of BGO Officeror DirectorNot Applicable2. Ownership Type (Select only one)Taxable Account TypeBROKERAGE ACCOUNT NUMBERIndividual Or Joint Tenant With Rights OfSurvivorshipTRANSFER ON DEATH (Optional Designation. SeeSection 3C.)TENANTS IN COMMONCOMMUNITY PROPERTYUNIFORM GIFT/TRANSFER TO MINORSSTATE OFTRUST (Include Certification of Investment PowersForm)CORPORATION / PARTNERSHIP / OTHER(Corporate Resolution or Partnership Agreement Required)Non-Taxable Account TypeCUSTODIAN ACCOUNT NUMBERIRAROTH IRASEP IRASIMPLE IRAPENSION PLAN (Include Certification of Investment Powers Form)OTHERCustodian Information (to be completed by custodian): Name______________________ Tax ID #_____________ Phone #_____________​

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    Entity Name - Retirement Plan/Trust/Corporation/Partnership/Other(Trustee(s) and/or authorized signatory(s) information MUST be provided in Sections 3A and 3B)Entity Name Tax ID Number Date of Trust: Exemptions(See Form W-9 instructions at www.irs.gov)Entity Type (Select one. Required)Retirement Plan Trust S-Corp C-Corp LLC Partnership Exempt payee code (if any)_____________Other Jurisdiction (if Non-U.S.)_________________(Attach a completed applicable Form W-8)Exemption from FATCA reportingcode (if any)3. Investor InformationA. Investor Name (Investor/Trustee/Executor/Authorized Signatory Information)(Residential street address MUST be provided. See Section 4 if mailing address is different than residential street address.)First Name (MI) Last Name GenderSocial Security Number/Tax ID Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY) Daytime Phone NumberResidential Street Address City State Zip CodeEmail AddressIf Non-U.S. Citizen, Specify Country of Citizenship and Select One below (required)Resident Alien Non-Resident Alien(Attach a completed Form W-8BEN, Rev. Feb 2014)Country of CitizenshipIf you are a BGO Employee, Officer, Director or Affiliate, please Select One below (required)BGO Employee BGO Officer or Director BGO AffiliateB. Co-Investor Name (Co-Investor/Co-Trustee/Co-Authorized Signatory Information, if applicable)First Name (MI) Last Name GenderSocial Security Number/Tax ID Date of Birth (MM/DD/YYYY) Daytime Phone NumberResidential Street Address City State Zip CodeEmail AddressIf Non-U.S. Citizen, Specify Country of Citizenship and Select One below (required)Resident Alien Non-Resident Alien(Attach a completed Form W-8BEN, Rev. Feb 2014)Country of CitizenshipIf you are a BGO Employee, Officer, Director or Affiliate, please Select One below (required)BGO Employee BGO Officer or Director BGO Affiliate​

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C. Transfer on Death Beneficiary Information (Individual or Joint Account with rights of survivorship only.) (Beneficiary Date of Birth required. Whole percentages only; must equal 100%.)First Name (MI) Last Name SSN Date of Birth(MM/DD/YYYY)PrimarySecondary ___%First Name (MI) Last Name SSN Date of Birth(MM/DD/YYYY)PrimarySecondary ___%First Name (MI) Last Name SSN Date of Birth(MM/DD/YYYY)PrimarySecondary ___%First Name (MI) Last Name SSN Date of Birth(MM/DD/YYYY)PrimarySecondary ___%4. Contact Information (If different than provided in Section 3A)Email AddressMailing Address City State Zip Code5. Select How You Want to Receive Your Distributions (Select only one)Please read the following section carefully.YOU ARE AUTOMATICALLY ENROLLED IN THE DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN UNLESS YOU ARE A RESIDENT OF ALABAMA,ARKANSAS, IDAHO, KANSAS, KENTUCKY, MAINE, MARYLAND, MASSACHUSETTS, NEBRASKA, NEW JERSEY, NORTH CAROLINA, OHIO,OREGON, VERMONT OR WASHINGTON.If you are a resident of Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon,Vermont or Washington, you are not automatically enrolled in the Distribution Reinvestment
Plan; please check here if you wish to enroll in the DistributionReinvestment Plan. If you are a resident of New Jersey, please review the Cash Distribution Information and Distribution Reinvestment Plan Information sectionsbelow.If you are not a resident of the states listed above, you are automatically enrolled in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan; please check here if you do not wish to beenrolled in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan and complete the Cash Distribution Information section below.IMPORTANT: If you are not enrolled in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan, please complete the Cash Distribution Information section below.Cash Distribution InformationFor Custodial held accounts, if you are not enrolled in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan, the funds must be sent to the CustodianA. Cash/Check Mailed to the address set forth above (Available for Non-Custodial Investors only.)B. Cash/Check Mailed to Third Party/CustodianName/Entity Name/Financial Institution Mailing AddressCity State Zip Code Account Number (Required)C. Cash/Direct Deposit Attach a pre-printed voided check. (Non-Custodian Investors Only)I authorize BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. or its agent to deposit my distribution into my checking or savings account. This authority will remain inforce until I notify BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. in writing to cancel it. In the event that BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. depositsfunds erroneously into my account, they are authorized to debit my account for an amount not to exceed the amount of the erroneous deposit.Financial Institution Name Mailing Address City StateYour Bank’s ABA Routing Number Your Bank Account NumberPLEASE ATTACH A PRE-PRINTED VOIDED CHECKDistribution Reinvestment Plan InformationIf you are a resident of New Jersey, you are not automatically enrolled in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan; please check here if you wish to enroll in theDistribution Reinvestment Plan.​
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    6. Broker-Dealer/Financial Advisor Information (Required Information. All fields must be completed.)The Financial Advisor must sign below to complete the order. The Financial Advisor hereby warrants that he/she is duly licensed and may lawfully sell Shares in thestate designated as the investor’s legal residence.Broker-Dealer Financial Advisor NameAdvisor Mailing AddressCity State Zip CodeFinancial Advisor Number Branch Number Telephone NumberE-mail Address Fax NumberPlease note that unless previously agreed to in writing by BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., all sales of securities must be made through a Broker-Dealer,including when an RIA has introduced the sale. In all cases, Section 6 must be completed.The undersigned confirm(s), which confirmation is made on behalf of the Broker-Dealer with respect to sales of securities made through a Broker-Dealer, that they (i)have reasonable grounds to believe that the information and representations concerning the investor identified herein are true, correct and complete in all respects; (ii)have discussed such investor’s prospective purchase of Shares with such investor; (iii) have advised such investor of all pertinent facts with regard to the lack ofliquidity and marketability of the Shares; (iv) have delivered or made available a current Prospectus and related supplements, if any, to such investor; (v) havereasonable
grounds to believe that the investor is purchasing these Shares for his or her own account; (vi) have reasonable grounds to believe that the purchase ofShares is a suitable investment for such investor, that such investor meets the suitability standards applicable to such investor set forth in the Prospectus and relatedsupplements, if any, and that such investor is in a financial position to enable such investor to realize the benefits of such an investment and to suffer any loss that mayoccur with respect thereto; and (vii) have advised such investor that the shares have not been registered and are not expected to be registered under the laws of anycountry or jurisdiction outside of the United States except as otherwise described in the Prospectus. The undersigned Financial Advisor represents and certifies that, ifthe investor is a “retail customer” as defined in Regulation Best Interest, (i) the undersigned has a reasonable basis to believe that (a) a purchase of Shares would be inthe best interest of the investor based upon the investor’s investment profile and the potential risks, rewards, and costs associated with such an investment and (b) theundersigned has not placed its interests or those of the Financial Advisor ahead of the interest of the investor in recommending such investment and (ii) theundersigned and the Financial Advisor have complied with any applicable enhanced standard of conduct, including, but not limited to, the other requirements ofRegulation Best Interest in relation to the proposed purchase of Shares. The undersigned Financial Advisor further represents and certifies that, in connection with thissubscription for Shares, he or she has complied with and has followed all applicable policies and procedures under his or her firm’s existing Anti-Money LaunderingProgram and Customer Identification Program.If you do not have another broker-dealer or other financial intermediary introducing you to BGO Industrial RealEstate Income Trust, Inc., thenBentallGreenOak Securities Partners L.P. (BSP) may be deemed to act as your broker of record in connection with any investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. BSP is not a full-service broker-dealer and may not provide the kinds of financial services that you might expect from another financialintermediary, such as holding securities in an account. If BSP is your broker-dealer of record, then your Shares will be held in your name on the books ofBGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. BSP will not monitor your investments, and has not and will not make any recommendation regarding yourinvestments. If you want to receive financial advice regarding a prospective investment in the Shares, contact your broker-dealer or other financial intermediary.X XFinancial Advisor Signature Date Branch Manager Signature(If required by Broker-Dealer)Date7. Electronic Delivery Form (Optional)Instead of receiving paper copies of the prospectus, prospectus supplements, annual reports, proxy statements, and other stockholdercommunications and reports, you may elect to receive electronic delivery of stockholder communications from BGO Industrial Real EstateIncome Trust, Inc. If you would like to consent to electronic delivery, including pursuant to email, please check the box below for this election.We encourage you to reduce printing and mailing costs and to conserve natural resources by electing to receive electronic delivery of stockholdercommunications and statement notifications. By consenting below to electronically receive stockholder communications, including your accountspecificinformation, you authorize said offering(s) to either (i) email stockholder communications to you directly or (ii) make them available onour website and notify you by email when and where such documents are available.You will not receive paper copies of these electronic materials unless specifically requested, the delivery of electronic materials is prohibited orwe, in our sole discretion, elect to send paper copies of the materials.By consenting to electronic access, you will be responsible for your customary internet service provider charges and may be required to downloadsoftware in connection with access to these materials.I consent to electronic delivery (initial here):EmailIf blank, the email provided in Section 4 or Section 3A will be used.​
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8. Subscriber SignaturesBGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. is required by law to obtain, verify and record certain personal information from you or persons on your behalf in orderto establish the account. Required information includes name, date of birth, permanent residential address and social security/taxpayer identification number. We mayalso ask to see other identifying documents. If you do not provide the information, BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. may not be able to open youraccount. By signing the Subscription Agreement, you agree to provide this information and confirm that this information is true and correct. If we are unable to verifyyour identity, or that of another person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or if we believe we have identified potentially criminal activity, we reserve the right to takeaction as we deem appropriate which may include closing your account.Please separately initial each of the representations below. Except in the case of fiduciary accounts, you may not grant any person a power of attorney to make therepresentations on your behalf. In order to induce BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. to accept this subscription, I hereby represent and warrant to you asfollows:8.a. Please Note: All Items in this Section Must Be Read and InitialedI have received a copy of the Final Prospectus.Initials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials
InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsI/We have (i) a minimum net worth (not including home, home furnishings and personal automobiles) of at least $250,000, or (ii) a minimumnet worth (as previously described) of at least $70,000 and a minimum annual gross income of at least $70,000.In addition to the general suitability requirements described above, I/we meet the higher suitability requirements, if any, imposed by my stateof primary residence as set forth in the Prospectus under “SUITABILITY STANDARDS.”If I am an entity that was formed for the purpose of purchasing Shares, each individual that owns an interest in such entity meets the generalsuitability requirements described above.I acknowledge that there is no public market for the Shares and, thus, my investment in Shares is not liquid.I acknowledge that the Shares have not been registered and are not expected to be registered under the laws of any country or jurisdictionoutside of the United States except as otherwise described in the Prospectus.I am purchasing the Shares for my own account.I understand that the transaction price per share at which my investment will be executed will be made available at www.bgoireit.com and in aprospectus supplement filed with the SEC, available at www.sec.gov.I understand that my subscription request will not be accepted before the later of (i) two business days before the first calendar day of themonth and (ii) three business days after the transaction price is made available. I understand that I am not committed to purchase shares at thetime my subscription order is submitted and I may cancel my subscription at any time before the time it has been accepted as described in theprevious sentence. I understand that I may withdraw my purchase request by notifying the transfer agent, through my financial intermediary ordirectly on BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.’s toll-free, automated telephone line, 1-833-360-5519.8.b. If you live in any of the following states, please read the following carefully: Alabama, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine,Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Tennessee,and VermontFor purposes of determining whether you satisfy the standards below, your net worth is calculated excluding the value of your home, homefurnishings and automobiles, and, unless otherwise indicated, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash,cash equivalents and readily marketable investments.If I am an Alabama resident, my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and its affiliates may not exceed 10% of myliquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents andreadily marketable investments.If I am an Idaho resident, I have either (a) a net worth of $85,000 and annual gross income of $85,000 or (b) a liquid net worth of $300,000.In addition, my aggregateinvestment in this offering and in the securities of other non-publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) does not exceed 10% of myliquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents andreadily marketable investments.Initials Initials​
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If I am an Iowa resident, I have either (a) an annual gross income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000, or (b) a net worthof at least $350,000. In addition, if I am not an accredited investor as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended,my aggregate investment in this offering and in the securities of other non-publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs) does notexceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cashequivalents and readily marketable investments.If I am a Kansas resident, I understand that it is recommended by the Office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner that Kansas investorslimit their total investment in this offering and other non-traded real estate investment trusts to not more than 10% of such investor’s liquidnet worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readilymarketable investments.If I am a Kentucky resident, my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and its affiliated non-publicly traded real estateinvestment trusts may not exceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worththat consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable investments.If I am a
Maine resident, I acknowledge that it is recommended by the Maine Office of Securities that my aggregate investment in thisoffering and other similar direct participation investments not exceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” isdefined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable investments.If I am a Massachusetts my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and in other non-traded real estate investment trustsmay not exceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists ofcash, cash equivalents and readily marketable investments.If I am a Missouri resident, my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. may not exceed 10% of my liquid net worth. Forthese purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketableinvestments.If I am a Nebraska resident, and I do not meet the definition of “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of1933, as amended, my aggregate investment in this offering and in the securities of other non-traded real estate investment trusts may notexceed 10% of my net worth.If I am a New Jersey resident, I have either (a) a minimum liquid net worth of at least $100,000 and a minimum annual gross income of notless than $85,000, or (b) a minimum liquid net worth of $350,000. In addition, my total investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate IncomeTrust, Inc., its affiliates and other non-publicly traded direct investment programs (including REITs, business development companies, oil andgas programs, equipment leasing programs and commodity pools, but excluding unregistered, federally and state exempt private offerings)may not exceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assetsexclusive of home, home furnishings, and automobiles, minus total liabilities) that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketablesecurities.New Jersey investors are advised that Class S and Class T shares are subject to upfront selling commissions and/or dealer manager fees, andClass S, Class T and Class D shares are subject to stockholder servicing fees. Because the purchase price for the Class S and Class T shares isthe transaction price plus applicable upfront fees, the upfront fees may reduce the amount of the Class S and Class T share purchase price thatis available to the Company for investment and other capital needs, the stockholder servicing fees may reduce the amount of distributions, andthe fees could result in a reduction in the NAV of the Class S, Class T and Class D shares if distributions are declared in an amount less thanthe stockholder servicing fees.If I am a New Mexico resident I must limit my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and other non-traded real estate investmenttrusts to 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cashequivalents and readily marketable investments.If I am a North Dakota resident and I do not meet the definition of “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Actof 1933, as amended, I have a net worth of at least 10 times my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.If I am an Ohio my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and other non-traded real estate investment programs may notexceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive ofhome, home furnishings, and automobiles minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents, and readily marketable securities.If I am an Oregon resident , my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. may not exceed 10% of my net worth. Initials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials InitialsInitials Initials Initials Initials​
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If I am a Pennsylvania resident, my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. may not exceed 10% of my net worth (exclusive ofhome, home furnishings, and automobiles).Initials InitialsIf I am a Puerto Rico resident, my investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., its affiliates and other non-traded real estateinvestment programs may not exceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of networth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings, and automobiles minus total liabilities) that is comprised of cash, cashequivalents, and readily marketable securities.Initials Initials​

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    If I am a Tennessee resident who is not an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, myinvestment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Investment Trust, Inc. may not be more than 10% of my net worth.Initials InitialsIf I am a Vermont resident and I am not an “accredited investor” as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, myinvestment in this offering may not exceed 10% of my liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as an investor’s totalassets (not including home, home furnishings, or automobiles) minus total liabilities.InitialsInitialsIn the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, the minimum standards above will be met by the beneficiary, the fiduciary, account, or, by the donor orgrantor, who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the shares if the donor or grantor is the fiduciary.If you do not have another broker-dealer or other financial intermediary introducing you to BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., thenBGO Real Estate US LLC may be deemed to be acting as your broker-dealer of record in connection with any investment in BGO Industrial RealEstate Income Trust, Inc. For important information in this respect, see Section 6 above. I declare that the information supplied above is trueand correct and may be relied upon by BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. I acknowledge that the Broker-Dealer/FinancialAdvisor (Broker-Dealer/Financial Advisor of record) indicated in Section 6 of this Subscription Agreement and its designated clearingagent, if any, will have full access to my account information, including the number of shares I own, tax information (including theForm 1099) and redemption information. Investors may change the Broker-Dealer/Financial Advisor of record at any time by contactingBGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. at the number indicated below.SUBSTITUTE IRS FORM W-9 CERTIFICATIONS (required for U.S. investors):Under penalties of perjury, I certify that:(1) The number shown on this Subscription Agreement is my correct taxpayer identification number (or I am waiting for a number to be issued to me); and(2) I am not subject to backup withholding because: (a) I am exempt from backup withholding, or (b) I have not been notified by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS)that I am subject to backup withholding as a result of a failure to report all interest or dividends, or (c) the IRS has notified me that I am no longer subject tobackup withholding; and(3) I am a U.S. citizen or other U.S. person (including a resident alien) (defined in IRS Form W-9); and(4) The FATCA code(s) entered on this form (if any) indicating that I am exempt from FATCA reporting is correct.Certification instructions. You must cross out item 2 above if you have been notified by the IRS that you are currently subject to backup withholding because youhave failed to report all interest and dividends on your tax return.The Internal Revenue Service does not require your consent to any provision of this document other than the certifications required toavoid backup withholding.XXSignature of InvestorDateSignature of Co-Investor or Custodian(If applicable)Date(MUST BE SIGNED BY CUSTODIAN OR TRUSTEE IF PLAN IS ADMINISTERED BY A THIRD PARTY)9. MiscellaneousIf investors participating in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan or making subsequent purchases of Shares of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. experiencea material adverse change in their financial condition or can no longer make the representations or warranties set forth in Section 8 above, they are asked to promptlynotify BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and the Broker-Dealer in writing. The Broker-Dealer may notify BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. ifan investor participating in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan can no longer make the representations or warranties set forth in Section 8 above, and BGO IndustrialReal Estate Income Trust, Inc. may rely on such notification to terminate such investor’s participation in the Distribution Reinvestment Plan.No sale of Shares
may be completed until at least five business days after you receive the final Prospectus. To be accepted, a subscription request must be made with acompleted and executed subscription agreement in good order and payment of the full purchase price at least five business prior to the first calendar day of the month(unless waived). You will receive a written confirmation of your purchase.All items on the Subscription Agreement must be completed in order for your subscription to be processed. Subscribers are encouraged to read the Prospectus in itsentirety for a complete explanation of an investment in the ShBGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. Investor Relations: 1-833-360-5519

 
APPENDIX D: DATA PRIVACY NOTICE
BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
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FACTS
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WHAT DOES BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC. DO WITH YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION?
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​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
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Why?
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Financial companies choose how they share your personal information. Federal law gives consumers the right to limit some but not all sharing. Federal law also requires us to tell you how we collect, share, and protect your personal information. Please read this notice carefully to understand what we do.
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What?
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The types of personal information we collect and share depend on the product or service you have with us. This information can include:
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 Social Security number and income
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 Assets and investment experience
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 Risk tolerance and transaction history
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How?
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All financial companies need to share customers’ personal information to run their everyday business. In the section below, we list the reasons financial companies can share their customers’ personal information; the reasons BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. chooses to share; and whether you can limit this sharing.
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Reasons we can share your personal information
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Does BGO Industrial
Real Estate Income
Trust, Inc. share?
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Can you limit this sharing?
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For our everyday business purposes—
such as to process your transactions, maintain your account(s), respond to court orders and legal investigations, or report to credit bureaus
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Yes
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No
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For our marketing purposes—
to offer our products and services to you
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Yes
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No
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For joint marketing with other financial companies
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Yes
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No
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For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes—
information about your transactions and experiences
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Yes
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No
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For our affiliates’ everyday business purposes—
information about your creditworthiness
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Yes
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Yes
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For our affiliates to market to you
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Yes
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Yes
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For nonaffiliates to market to you
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No
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We don’t share
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To limit our sharing
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Email a copy of the Mail-in Form below identifying any/all you want to limit at IREIT_Compliance@bgo.com, and/or mail to the address indicated below.
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Please note:
If you are a new customer, we can begin sharing your information 30 days from the date we sent this notice. When you are no longer our customer, we continue to share your information as described in this notice.
However, you can contact us at any time to limit our sharing.
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Questions?
​ ​ ​ Email us at IREIT_Compliance@bgo.com. ​ ​
 
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Mail-in Form
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Mark any/all you want to limit:
☐
Do not share information about my creditworthiness with your affiliates for their everyday business purposes.
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☐
Do not allow your affiliates to use my personal information to market to me.
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Name                                                                    
Address                                                                  
City, State                                                               
Zip code                                                                 
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Mail to:
​ ​ ​ Attention: Secretary
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor
New York, NY 10022
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​ ​ Who we are ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
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Who is providing this notice?
​ ​ ​ BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. ​ ​
​ ​ What we do ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
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How does BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. protect my personal information?
​ ​ ​ To protect your personal information from unauthorized access and use, we use security measures that comply with federal law. These measures include computer safeguards and secured files and buildings. ​ ​
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How does BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. collect my personal information?
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We collect your personal information, for example, when you
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open an account or give us your income information
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provide employment information or give us your contact information
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tell us about your investment or retirement portfolio
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We also collect your personal information from others, such as credit bureaus, affiliates, or other companies.
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Why can’t I limit all sharing?
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Federal law gives you the right to limit only
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sharing for affiliates’ everyday business purposes—information about your creditworthiness
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affiliates from using your information to market to you
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sharing for nonaffiliates to market to you
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State laws and individual companies may give you additional rights to limit sharing.
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​ ​ What happens when I limit sharing for an account I hold jointly with someone else? ​ ​ ​
Your choices will apply to everyone on your account—unless you tell us otherwise.
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​ ​ Definitions ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​
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Affiliates
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Companies related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
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Our affiliates include companies with a “BentallGreenOak” or “BGO” name.
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Nonaffiliates
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Companies not related by common ownership or control. They can be financial and nonfinancial companies.
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BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. does not share with nonaffiliates so they can market to you.
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Joint marketing
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A formal agreement between nonaffiliated financial companies that together market financial products or services to you.
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Our joint marketing partners may include financial services companies.
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BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
Maximum Offering of $5,000,000,000
Common Stock
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Prospectus
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          , 2023
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to make any representations other than those contained in the prospectus and supplemental literature authorized by BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. and referred to in this prospectus, and, if given or made, such information and representations must not be relied upon. This prospectus is not an offer to sell nor is it seeking an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of these securities. You should not assume that the delivery of this prospectus or that any sale made pursuant to this prospectus implies that the information contained in this prospectus will remain fully accurate and correct as of any time subsequent to the date of this prospectus.
Until                 , 2023 (90 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as participating dealers.
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PART II
Information Not Required in the Prospectus
Item 31.   Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table itemizes the expenses to be incurred by the registration in connection with the issuance and registration of the securities being registered hereunder. All amounts shown are estimates except the SEC registration fee and the FINRA filing fee.
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SEC registration fee
​ ​ ​ $ 551,000 ​ ​
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FINRA filing fee
​ ​ ​ ​ 225,500 ​ ​
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Legal
​ ​ ​ ​ 4,600,000 ​ ​
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Printing and mailing
​ ​ ​ ​ 1,000,000 ​ ​
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Accounting and tax
​ ​ ​ ​ 4,000,000 ​ ​
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Blue sky
​ ​ ​ ​ 500,000 ​ ​
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Due diligence
​ ​ ​ ​ 300,000 ​ ​
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Transfer agent fees and expenses
​ ​ ​ ​ 4,500,000 ​ ​
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Promotional items
​ ​ ​ ​ 500,000 ​ ​
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Wholesale reimbursements
​ ​ ​ ​ 3,250,000 ​ ​
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Legal fees – dealer manager portion
​ ​ ​ ​ 400,000 ​ ​
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Advertising and sales literature
​ ​ ​ ​ 5,000,000 ​ ​
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Custodian/platform services fees
​ ​ ​ ​ 500,000 ​ ​
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Total
​ ​ ​ $ 25,326,500 ​ ​
Item 32.   Sales to Special Parties.
We were capitalized through the purchase by the Adviser of 20,000 shares of our Class E common stock for a purchase price of $200,000 on February 3, 2023.
Item 33.   Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
The offer and sale of shares to the Adviser described above is claimed to be exempt from the registration provisions of the Securities Act by virtue of Section 4(a)(2) thereof. The offer and sale did not involve any general solicitation or general advertising and the Adviser had access to information concerning our proposed operations and the terms and conditions of its investment.
Item 34.   Indemnification of Directors, Officers and Others.
Our organizational documents generally limit the personal liability of our stockholders, directors and officers for monetary damages and require us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, officers and the Adviser and any of its affiliates acting as our agent subject to the limitations of the NASAA REIT Guidelines and Maryland law. Maryland law permits a corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. The Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”) requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made or threatened to be made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL allows directors and officers to be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred in connection with a proceeding unless the following can be established:
•
an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding, and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;
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•
the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or
​
•
with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her act or omission was unlawful.
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A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by the corporation or in its right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses. The MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
In addition to the above limitations of the MGCL, our charter provides that our directors, the Adviser and its affiliates may be indemnified for losses or liability suffered by them or held harmless for losses or liability suffered by us only if all of the following conditions are met:
•
the indemnitee determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in our best interest;
​
•
the indemnitee was acting on our behalf or performing services for us;
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•
in the case of affiliated directors, the Adviser or its affiliates, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the party seeking indemnification; and
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•
in the case of our independent directors, the liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the party seeking indemnification.
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In addition, any indemnification or any agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from our stockholders.
Our charter also provides that we may not provide indemnification to a director, the Adviser or any affiliate of the Adviser and any persons acting as a broker-dealer for any loss, liability or expense arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
•
there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the party seeking indemnification;
​
•
such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to such party; or
​
•
a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against such party and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which our securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
​
Finally, our charter provides that we may pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by our directors, the Adviser and its affiliates in advance of final disposition of a proceeding only if all of the following are satisfied:
•
the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on our behalf;
​
•
the indemnitee provides us with written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification;
​
•
the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or, if by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement; and
​
 
II-2

 
•
the indemnitee provides us with a written agreement to repay the amount paid or reimbursed, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that he or she did not comply with the requisite standard of conduct and is not entitled to indemnification.
​
We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers. Pursuant to the terms of these indemnification agreements, we would indemnify and advance expenses and costs incurred by our directors and executive officers in connection with any claims, suits or proceedings brought against such directors and executive officers as a result of his or her service. However, our indemnification obligation is subject to the limitations set forth in the indemnification agreements and in our charter. We also maintain a directors and officers insurance policy.
The general effect to investors of any arrangement under which any of our controlling persons, directors or officers are insured or indemnified against liability is a potential reduction in distributions resulting from our payment of premiums, deductibles and other costs associated with such insurance or, to the extent any such loss is not covered by insurance, our payment of indemnified losses. In addition, indemnification could reduce the legal remedies available to us and our stockholders against the indemnified individuals; however, this provision does not reduce the exposure of our directors and officers to liability under federal or state securities laws, nor does it limit our stockholder’s ability to obtain injunctive relief or other equitable remedies for a violation of a director’s or an officer’s duties to us or our stockholders, although the equitable remedies may not be an effective remedy in some circumstances.
The SEC and certain state securities regulators take the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act and state securities laws is against public policy and unenforceable.
BGO IREIT Operating Partnership L.P., a Delaware limited partnership of which we are the general partner, must also indemnify us and our directors and officers and other persons we may designate against damages and other liabilities in our capacity as general partner.
Item 35.   Treatment of Proceeds from Shares Being Registered.
Not applicable.
Item 36.   Financial Statements and Exhibits.
1.
Financial Statements.
​
See page F-1 for an index of the financial statements included in the registration statement.
2.
Exhibits.
​
See the Exhibit Index on the page immediately preceding the exhibits for a list of exhibits filed as part of this registration statement on Form S-11, which Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 37.   Undertakings.
(i)
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:
​
(A)
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
​
(1)
To include any prospectus required by section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act.
​
(2)
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the SEC pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price
​
 
II-3

 
represent no more than a 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement.
(3)
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.
​
(B)
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment will be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time will be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
​
(C)
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
​
(D)
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of the registration statement relating to the offering, other than a registration statement relying on Rule 430B or other than a prospectus filed in reliance on Rule 430A, will be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
​
(E)
That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, in a primary offering of securities pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
​
(1)
any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
​
(2)
any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
​
(3)
the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
​
(4)
any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
​
(F)
To send to each stockholder, at least on an annual basis, a detailed statement of any transactions with the Adviser or its affiliates, and of fees, commissions, compensation and other benefits paid or accrued to the advisor or its affiliates for the fiscal year completed, showing the amount paid or accrued to each recipient and the services performed.
​
(ii)
The registrant undertakes to provide to the stockholders the financial statements required by Form 10-K for the first full fiscal year of operations of the registrant.
​
(iii)
The registrant undertakes to file a sticker supplement pursuant to Rule 424(c) under the Securities Act during the distribution period describing each significant property not identified in the prospectus at such time as there arises a reasonable probability that such property will be acquired and to consolidate all such stickers into a post-effective amendment filed at least once every three months, with the information contained in such amendment provided simultaneously to the
​
 
II-4

 
existing stockholders. Each sticker supplement should disclose all compensation and fees received by the advisor and its affiliates in connection with any such acquisition. The post-effective amendment will include or incorporate by reference audited financial statements meeting the requirements of Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X that have been filed or should have been filed on Form 8-K for all significant properties acquired during the distribution period.
(iv)
The registrant undertakes to file, after the end of the distribution period, a current report on Form 8-K containing the financial statements and any additional information required by Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, for each significant property acquired and to provide the information contained in such report to the stockholders at least once each quarter after the distribution period of the offering has ended.
​
(v)
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions and otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
​
 
II-5

 
Exhibit Index
​
Exhibit
Number
​ ​
Description
​
​ 1.1* ​ ​ ​
​ 1.2* ​ ​ ​
​ 1.3** ​ ​ Form of Sub-Dealer Manager Agreement ​
​ 3.1* ​ ​ Articles of Amendment and Restatement of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., dated May 11, 2023 ​
​ 3.2* ​ ​ ​
​ 4.1 ​ ​ ​
​ 4.2 ​ ​ ​
​ 4.3* ​ ​ ​
​ 5.1* ​ ​ ​
​ 8.1* ​ ​ ​
​ 10.1* ​ ​ Form of Advisory Agreement, by and among BGO Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, and BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership ​
​ 10.2* ​ ​ ​
​ 10.3* ​ ​ ​
​ 10.4* ​ ​ ​
​ 10.5* ​ ​ ​
​ 10.6* ​ ​ ​
​ 10.7* ​ ​ ​
​ 10.8* ​ ​ ​
​ 21.1* ​ ​ ​
​ 23.1* ​ ​ ​
​ 23.2* ​ ​ ​
​ 23.3* ​ ​ ​
​ 23.4* ​ ​ ​
​ 23.5* ​ ​ ​
​ 24.1* ​ ​ ​
​
107*
​ ​ ​
​
*
Filed herewith.
​
**
To be filed by amendment.
​
 
II-6

 
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form S-11 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on May 12, 2023.
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
By: /s/ Michael Glimcher
   
​
​
Name:
Michael Glimcher
​
Title:
President and Chief Executive Officer
​
POWER OF ATTORNEY
We, the undersigned officers and directors of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., hereby several constitute Michael Glimcher, Lori Biancamano and Matthew Campbell, and each of them singly, our true and lawful attorneys with full power to them, and each of them singly, to sign for us and in our names in the capacities indicated below, the Registration Statement filed herewith and any and all amendments to said Registration Statement, including any Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b), and generally to do all such things in our names and in our capacities as officers and directors to enable BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and all requirements of the Commission, hereby ratifying and confirming our signature as they may be signed by our said attorneys, or any of them, to said Registration Statement and any and all amendments thereto.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Form S-11 Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the following capacities on May 12, 2023.
​
Signature
​ ​
Title
​
​
/s/ John Carrafiell
​
John Carrafiell
​ ​ Chairman of the Board ​
​
/s/ Michael Glimcher
​
Michael Glimcher
​ ​ President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
(principal executive officer)
​
​
/s/ Lori Biancamano
​
Lori Biancamano
​ ​ Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial and accounting officer)
​
​
/s/ Edgar Alvarado
​
Edgar Alvarado
​ ​ Independent Director ​
​
/s/ Timothy Callahan
​
Timothy Callahan
​ ​ Independent Director ​
​
/s/ Lizanne Galbreath
​
Lizanne Galbreath
​ ​ Independent Director ​
 
II-7

EX-1.1 2 tm2226053d12_ex1-1.htm EXHIBIT 1.1

 

Exhibit 1.1

 

FORM OF DEALER MANAGER AGREEMENT

 

[                      ], 2023

 

BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC

399 Park Avenue

18th Floor

New York, NY 10022

 

This Dealer Manager Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into by and between BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Dealer Manager”).

 

The Company has filed one or more registration statements with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that are listed on Schedule 1 to this Agreement (each, a “Registration Statement”), which Schedule 1 may be amended from time to time with the written consent of the Company and the Dealer Manager. In this Agreement, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “the Registration Statement” means, at any given time, each of the registration statements listed on Schedule 1, as such Schedule 1 may be amended from time to time, as each such registration statement is finally amended and revised at the effective date of the registration statement (including at the effective date of any post-effective amendment thereto).

 

Each Registration Statement shall register an ongoing offering (each, an “Offering”) of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), which may consist of Class T, Class S, Class D and/or Class I shares of Common Stock (the “Shares”). In this Agreement, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “the Offering” means each Offering covered by a Registration Statement and “Shares” means the Shares being offered in the Offering.

 

The Offering is and shall be comprised of a maximum amount of Shares set forth in the Prospectus (as defined in Section 1.a. below) that will be issued and sold to the public at the public offering prices per Share set forth in the Prospectus pursuant to a primary offering (the “Primary Shares”) and the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan (the “DRIP Shares”). In connection with the Offering, the minimum purchase by any one person shall be as set forth in the Prospectus (except as otherwise indicated in any letter or memorandum from the Company to the Dealer Manager).

 

In this Agreement, unless explicitly stated otherwise, any references to the Registration Statement, the Offering, the Shares or the Prospectus with respect to each other shall mean only those that are all related to the same Registration Statement.

 

The Company is offering to the public four classes of Shares: Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares. The differences between the classes of Shares and the eligibility requirements for each class are described in detail in the Prospectus. The Shares are to be offered and sold to the public as described under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus. Except as otherwise agreed by the Company and the Dealer Manager, Shares sold through the Dealer Manager, including Shares sold through any sub-dealer manager (each, a “Sub-Dealer Manager” and, collectively with the Dealer Manager, the “Dealer Manager Parties”), are to be sold through (a) the participating broker-dealers (each a “Dealer” and collectively, the “Dealers”) with whom the Dealer Manager has entered into or will enter into a participating dealer agreement related to the distribution of Shares substantially in the form attached to this Agreement as Exhibit A or such other form as approved by the Company (each a “Participating Dealer Agreement”), (b) certain investment advisors, including, without limitation, both registered investment advisers (“RIAs”) and other advisors or managers exempt from federal and/or state RIA registration (each a “Selected RIA” and collectively, the “Selected RIAs”) with whom the Dealer Manager has elected, in its sole discretion, to enter into a selected RIA agreement related to the distribution of Shares (a “Selected RIA Agreement”), and (c) other qualified financial institutions (each a “Selected Institution” and, together with the Dealers and Selected RIAs, the “Offering Participants”) with whom the Dealer Manager has elected, in its sole discretion, to enter into an appropriate agreement or other arrangements regarding the distribution or purchase of Shares in a form agreed to by the Company (each a “Selected Institution Agreement”), at a purchase price generally equal to the Company’s prior month’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share applicable to the class of Shares being purchased (as calculated in accordance with the procedures described in the Prospectus), or at a different offering price made available to investors in cases where the Company believes there has been a material change to the NAV per Share since the end of the prior month, plus in either case any applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees, subject in certain circumstances to reductions thereof as described in the Prospectus. For stockholders who participate in the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan (as amended from time to time, the “DRIP”), the cash distributions attributable to the class of Shares that each stockholder owns will be automatically invested in additional shares of the same class. The DRIP Shares are to be issued and sold to stockholders of the Company at a purchase price equal to the Primary Share offering price per share before any applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees (the “transaction price”) of the applicable class of Shares on the date that the distribution is payable. For avoidance of doubt, it is expressly understood that where reference is made herein to Offering Participants participating in the sale, offering, or distribution of Shares, or such activities being conducted through or solicited by them, when such terms are applied to Offering Participants who are not Dealers, such terms are intended to refer only to activities for which an Offering Participant is properly registered, licensed, and authorized to engage in and are not intended to include activities for which an Offering Participant is not properly registered, licensed, and authorized.

 

 

 

 

Terms not defined herein shall have the same meaning as in the Prospectus. The Company hereby agrees with the Dealer Manager as follows:

 

1.            Representations and Warranties of the Company: The Company represents and warrants to the Dealer Manager Parties and each Offering Participant participating in an Offering, with respect to such Offering, as applicable, that:

 

a.            A Registration Statement with respect to the Shares has been prepared by the Company in accordance with applicable requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and the applicable rules and regulations (the “Rules and Regulations”) of the SEC promulgated thereunder, covering the Shares. Copies of such Registration Statement and each amendment thereto have been or will be delivered to the Dealer Manager. The prospectus contained therein, as finally amended and revised at the effective date of the Registration Statement (including at the effective date of any post-effective amendment thereto), is hereinafter referred to as the “Prospectus,” except that if the prospectus or prospectus supplement filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act shall differ from the Prospectus on file at the Effective Date, the term “Prospectus” shall also include such prospectus or prospectus supplement filed pursuant to Rule 424(b). “Effective Date” means the applicable date upon which the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto is or was first declared effective by the SEC. “Filing Date” means the applicable date upon which the initial Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto is filed with the SEC.

 

b.            The Company has been duly and validly organized and formed as a corporation under the laws of the state of Maryland, with the power and authority to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus.

 

c.            As of the Effective Date or Filing Date, as applicable, the Registration Statement and Prospectus complied or will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations. The Registration Statement, as of the applicable Effective Date, does not and will not contain any untrue statements of material facts or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and the Prospectus as of the applicable Filing Date does not and will not contain any untrue statements of material facts or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided, however, that the foregoing provisions of this Section 1.c. will not extend to such statements contained in or omitted from the Registration Statement or Prospectus as are primarily within the knowledge of the Dealer Manager or any of the Offering Participants and are based upon information furnished by the Dealer Manager in writing to the Company specifically for inclusion therein.

 

d.            The Company intends to use the funds received from the sale of the Shares as set forth in the Prospectus.

 

2

 

 

e.            No consent, approval, authorization or other order of any governmental authority is required in connection with the execution or delivery by the Company of this Agreement or the issuance and sale by the Company of the Shares, except such as may be required under the Securities Act and the Rules and Regulations, by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) or applicable state securities laws.

 

f.            Unless otherwise described in the Registration Statement and Prospectus, there are no actions, suits or proceedings pending or to the knowledge of the Company, threatened against the Company at law or in equity or before or by any federal or state commission, regulatory body or administrative agency or other governmental body, domestic or foreign, which will have a material adverse effect on the business or property of the Company.

 

g.            The execution and delivery of this Agreement, the consummation of the transactions herein contemplated and compliance with the terms of this Agreement by the Company will not conflict with or constitute a default under any charter, bylaw, indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, lease, rule, regulation, writ, injunction or decree of any government, governmental instrumentality or court, domestic or foreign, having jurisdiction over the Company, except to the extent that the enforceability of the indemnity and contribution provisions contained in Section 4 of this Agreement may be limited under applicable securities laws.

 

h.            The Company has full legal right, power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform the transactions contemplated hereby, except to the extent that the enforceability of the indemnity and/or contribution provisions contained in Section 4 of this Agreement may be limited under applicable securities laws.

 

i.            At the time of the issuance of the Shares, the Shares will have been duly authorized and, when issued and sold as contemplated by the Prospectus and the Company’s charter, as amended and supplemented from time to time, and upon payment therefor as provided by the Prospectus and this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and will conform to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus.

 

j.            The Company has filed all material federal, state and foreign income tax returns, which have been required to be filed, on or before the due date (taking into account all extensions of time to file) and has paid or provided for the payment of all taxes indicated by said returns and all assessments received by the Company to the extent that such taxes or assessments have become due, except where the Company is contesting such assessments in good faith.

 

k.            The financial statements of the Company included in the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company as of the date indicated and the results of its operations for the periods specified; said financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis.

 

l.            The Company does not intend to conduct its business so as to be an “investment company” as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations thereunder (the “Investment Company Act”), and it will exercise reasonable diligence to ensure that it does not become an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act.

 

m.            The Company has been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and its method of operation (as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus) will enable the Company to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code.

 

n.            The Company complies in all material respects with applicable provisions of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act (USA PATRIOT Act) of 2001, as amended (the “USA PATRIOT Act”).

 

3

 

 

o.            Any and all printed sales literature or other materials which have been approved in advance in writing by the Company and appropriate regulatory agencies for use in the Offering (“Authorized Sales Materials”) prepared by the Company and any of its affiliates (excluding the Dealer Manager) specifically for use with potential investors in connection with the Offering, when used in conjunction with the Prospectus, did not at the time provided for use, and, as to later provided materials, will not at the time provided for use, include any untrue statement of a material fact nor did they at the time provided for use, or, as to later provided materials, will they, omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made and when read in conjunction with the Prospectus, not misleading. If at any time any event occurs which is known to the Company as a result of which such Authorized Sales Materials when used in conjunction with the Prospectus would include an untrue statement of a material fact or, in view of the circumstances under which they were made, omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Dealer Manager thereof.

 

2.            Covenants of the Company. The Company covenants and agrees with the Dealer Manager Parties that:

 

a.            It will, at no expense to the Dealer Manager Parties, furnish the Dealer Manager Parties with such number of printed copies of the Registration Statement, including all amendments and exhibits thereto, as the Dealer Manager Parties may reasonably request. It will similarly furnish to the Dealer Manager Parties as many copies of the following documents as the Dealer Manager Parties may reasonably request: (a) the Prospectus in preliminary and final form and every form of supplemental or amended prospectus; (b) this Agreement; and (c) any other Authorized Sales Materials (provided that the use of said Authorized Sales Materials has been first approved for use by all appropriate regulatory agencies).

 

b.            It will furnish such proper information and execute and file such documents as may be necessary for the Company to qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the securities laws of such jurisdictions as the Dealer Manager Parties may reasonably designate and will file and make in each year such statements and reports as may be required. The Company will furnish to the Dealer Manager Parties upon request a copy of such papers filed by the Company in connection with any such qualification.

 

c.            It will: (a) use its best efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective; (b) furnish copies of any proposed amendment or supplement of the Registration Statement or Prospectus to the Dealer Manager Parties; (c) file every amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that is required by the SEC; and (d) if at any time the SEC shall issue any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, it will promptly notify the Dealer Manager Parties and, to the extent the Company determines such action is in the best interests of the Company, use its commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the lifting of such order.

 

d.            If at any time when a Prospectus is required to be delivered under the Securities Act any event occurs as a result of which, in the opinion of either the Company or the Dealer Manager Parties, the Prospectus would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in view of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, the Company will promptly notify the Dealer Manager Parties thereof (unless the information shall have been received from the Dealer Manager Parties) and will affect the preparation of an amended or supplemental Prospectus which will correct such statement or omission. The Company will then promptly prepare such amended or supplemental Prospectus or Prospectuses as may be necessary to comply with the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act.

 

e.            It will disclose a per share estimated value of the Shares and related information in accordance with the requirements of FINRA Rule 2310(b)(5).

 

4

 

 

3.            Obligations and Compensation of Dealer Manager.

 

a.            The Company hereby appoints the Dealer Manager as its agent and principal distributor for the purpose of selling for cash to the public up to the maximum amount of Shares set forth in the Prospectus (subject to the Company’s right of reallocation, as described in the Prospectus) primarily through the Offering Participants. The Company hereby expressly authorizes the Dealer Manager to engage one or more Sub-Dealer Managers in connection with the performance of its roles and responsibilities as agent and distributor set forth hereunder. The Dealer Manager hereby accepts such agency and distributorship and agrees to use its best efforts to sell the Shares primarily through the Offering Participants on said terms and conditions set forth in the Prospectus with respect to each Offering and any additional terms or conditions specified in Schedule 2 to this Agreement, as it may be amended from time to time. The Dealer Manager represents to the Company that it is a member in good standing of FINRA and that it and its employees and representatives have all required licenses and registrations to act under this Agreement. With respect to the Dealer Manager’s participation in the distribution of the Shares in the Offering, including with respect to its engagement of one or more Sub-Dealer Managers, the Dealer Manager agrees to comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, the Rules and Regulations, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and all other state or federal laws, rules and regulations applicable to the Offering and the sale of Shares, all applicable state securities or blue sky laws and regulations, and the rules of FINRA applicable to the Offering, from time to time in effect, including, without limitation, FINRA Rules 2040, 2111, 2310, 5110 and 5141. The Dealer Manager will not make any recommendations to retail investors that would subject the Dealer Manager to compliance with Regulation Best Interest.

 

b.            As soon as practicable after the initial Effective Date of the Registration Statement, but in no event prior to the Company instructing the Dealer Manager and the Offering Participant to commence such Offering, the Dealer Manager Parties and the Offering Participants shall commence the offering of the Shares in the Offering for cash to the public in jurisdictions in which the Shares are registered or qualified for sale or in which such offering is otherwise permitted. The Dealer Manager Parties and the Offering Participants will immediately suspend or terminate offering of the Shares upon request of the Company at any time and will resume offering the Shares upon subsequent request of the Company.

 

c.            Subject to volume discounts and other special circumstances described in or otherwise provided in this Agreement and under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus, which may be amended, restated or supplemented from time to time, the Company will pay to the Dealer Manager selling commissions in connection with sales of Class T Primary Shares, Class S Primary Shares and Class D Primary Shares, as described in Schedule 2 to this Agreement. The applicable selling commissions payable to the Dealer Manager will be paid substantially concurrently with the execution by the Company of orders submitted by purchasers of Class T Primary Shares, Class S Primary Shares and Class D Primary Shares and all or a portion of the selling commissions may be reallowed by the Dealer Manager to the Dealers who sold the Class T Primary Shares, Class S Primary Shares or Class D Primary Shares giving rise to such selling commissions, as described more fully in the Participating Dealer Agreement entered into with each such Dealer. The Dealer Manager shall not be responsible to the Company for failure by a Dealer to return any required selling commissions as set forth in Section “VI. Right to Reject Orders or Cancel Sales” in the Participating Dealer Agreement.

 

d.            Subject to volume discounts and other special circumstances described in or otherwise provided in this Agreement and under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus, which may be amended and restated from time to time, the Company will pay to the Dealer Manager dealer manager fees in connection with sales of Class T Primary Shares, as described in Schedule 2 to this Agreement. The applicable dealer manager fees payable to the Dealer Manager will be paid substantially concurrently with the execution by the Company of orders submitted by purchasers of Class T Primary Shares and all or a portion of the dealer manager fees may be reallowed by the Dealer Manager to the Dealers who sold the Class T Primary Shares giving rise to such dealer manager fees, as described more fully in the Participating Dealer Agreement entered into with each such Dealer. The Dealer Manager shall not be responsible to the Company for failure by a Dealer to return any required dealer manager fees as set forth in Section “VI. Right to Reject Orders or Cancel Sales” in the Participating Dealer Agreement.

 

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e.            Except as may be provided in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus, which may be amended, restated or supplemented from time to time, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 3.f. below, the Company will pay to the Dealer Manager a stockholder servicing fee with respect to sales of Class S and Class D shares and an investment professional stockholder servicing fee and a dealer stockholder servicing fee with respect to Class T shares, all as described in Schedule 2 to this Agreement (the “Servicing Fee”). The Company will pay the Servicing Fee to the Dealer Manager monthly in arrears. The Dealer Manager may reallow all or a portion of the Servicing Fee to (a) any Dealers who sold the Class T, Class S or Class D shares giving rise to a portion of such Servicing Fee to the extent the Participating Dealer Agreement with such Dealer provides for such a reallowance and such Dealer is in compliance with the terms of such Participating Dealer Agreement related to such reallowance, or (b) the broker-dealer of record/custodian for any Selected RIA or Selected Institution whose clients purchased Class D shares (each a “servicing dealer”) giving rise to a portion of such Servicing Fee to the extent the agreement between or among the Dealer Manager, the broker-dealer of record/custodian and/or the Selected RIA or Selected Institution, as applicable, provides for such a reallowance and such parties are in compliance with the terms of such agreement related to such reallowance; provided, however, that upon the date when the Dealer Manager is notified that the Dealer who sold the Class T, Class S or Class D shares giving rise to a portion of the Servicing Fee or a servicing dealer with respect to Class D shares is no longer the broker-dealer of record with respect to such Class T, Class S or Class D Shares or that the Dealer, Selected RIA, Selected Institution or servicing dealer no longer satisfies any or all of the conditions in its applicable agreement for the receipt of the Servicing Fee, then such Dealer or servicing dealer’s entitlement to the Servicing Fees related to such Class T, Class S and/or Class D shares, as applicable, shall cease, and such Dealer or servicing dealer shall not receive the Servicing Fee for any portion of the month in which it is not eligible on the last day of the month; provided, however, if there is a change in the broker-dealer of record with respect to the Class T, Class S or Class D shares, as applicable, made in connection with a change in the registration of record for the Class T, Class S or Class D shares on the Company’s books and records (including, but not limited to, a reregistration due to a sale or a transfer or a change in the form of ownership of the account), then the Dealer or servicing dealer shall be entitled to a pro rata portion of the Servicing Fees related to the Class T, Class S and/or Class D shares, as applicable, for the portion of the month for which the Dealer or servicing dealer was the broker-dealer or custodian of record.

 

Thereafter, such Servicing Fees may be reallowed to the then-current broker-dealer of record of the Class T, Class S and/or Class D shares, as applicable, if any such broker-dealer of record has been designated (the “Servicing Dealer”), to the extent such Servicing Dealer has entered into a Participating Dealer Agreement or similar agreement with the Dealer Manager (“Servicing Agreement”), such Participating Dealer Agreement or Servicing Agreement with the Servicing Dealer provides for such reallowance and the Servicing Dealer is in compliance with the terms of such agreement related to such reallowance. In this regard, all determinations will be made by the Dealer Manager in good faith in its sole discretion. Offering Participants are not entitled to any Servicing Fee with respect to Class I shares. The Dealer Manager may also reallow some or all of the Servicing Fee to other broker-dealers who provide services with respect to the Shares (who shall be considered additional Servicing Dealers) pursuant to a Servicing Agreement with the Dealer Manager to the extent such Servicing Agreement provides for such reallowance and such additional Servicing Dealer is in compliance with the terms of such agreement related to such reallowance, in accordance with the terms of such Servicing Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, (i) the Dealer Manager may waive the Servicing Fee to the extent Dealer or Servicing Dealer no longer provides services with respect to the Shares and (ii) the Company agrees that it will not deem the Dealer Manager to be the broker-dealer of record in situations described in this Section 3.e unless expressly agreed to in writing by the Dealer Manager.

 

f.            The Dealer Manager shall cease receiving the Servicing Fee with respect to any Class T share, Class S share or Class D share purchased in the Primary Offering and held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager, in conjunction with the transfer agent, determines that total selling commissions, dealer manager fees and Servicing Fees paid with respect to the shares held within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such primary shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under the DRIP with respect thereto), or, solely with respect to Class T shares, a lower limit as set forth in the Participating Dealer Agreement between the Dealer Manager and the applicable Dealer in effect on the date upon which such Class T shares were sold. At the end of such month, such Class T share, Class S share or Class D share (and any shares issued under the DRIP with respect thereto) held in a stockholder’s account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares) with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share. In addition, the Dealer Manager will cease receiving the Servicing Fee on Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares in connection with an Offering (i.e., pursuant to the Registration Statement for such Offering) upon the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets in each case in a transaction in which stockholders receive cash and/or securities listed on a national stock exchange or (iii) the date following the completion of such Offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with such Offering, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, the Servicing Fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to ten percent (10%) of the gross proceeds from Primary Shares sold in such Offering, as determined in good faith by the Dealer Manager in its sole discretion. For purposes of this Agreement, the portion of the Servicing Fee accruing with respect to publicly registered Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares of the Company’s common stock issued by the Company during the term of a particular Offering, and not issued pursuant to a prior Offering, shall be underwriting compensation with respect to such particular Offering and not with respect to any other Offering.

 

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g.            The terms of any reallowance of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and the Servicing Fee shall be set forth in the Participating Dealer Agreement, any agreement with a Selected RIA, Selected Institution Agreement or Servicing Agreement entered into with the Offering Participants or Servicing Dealers, as applicable. The Company will not be liable or responsible to any Offering Participant or Servicing Dealer for direct payment of commissions, or any reallowance of dealer manager fees or the Servicing Fee to such Offering Participant or Servicing Dealer, as applicable, it being the sole and exclusive responsibility of the Dealer Manager for payment of commissions or any reallowance of dealer manager fees or the Servicing Fee to Offering Participants and Servicing Dealers. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at the discretion of the Company, the Company may act as agent of the Dealer Manager by making direct payment of commissions, dealer manager fees or Servicing Fees to Offering Participants or Servicing Dealers on behalf of the Dealer Manager without incurring any liability.

 

h.            In addition to the other items of underwriting compensation set forth in this Section 3, the Company and/or BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership (the “Adviser”) shall reimburse the Dealer Manager Parties for all items of underwriting compensation referenced in the Prospectus, to the extent the Prospectus indicates that they will be paid by the Company or the Adviser, as applicable, and to the extent permitted pursuant to prevailing rules and regulations of FINRA.

 

i.            In addition to reimbursement as provided under Section 3.h., and subject to prevailing rules and regulations of FINRA, the Company shall also pay directly or reimburse the Dealer Manager Parties for reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses incurred by any Offering Participant as described in the Prospectus. The Dealer Manager shall obtain from any Offering Participant and provide to the Company a detailed and itemized invoice for any such due diligence expenses. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, no payments or reimbursements made by the Company with respect to a particular Offering hereunder shall cause total organization and offering expenses, as defined under the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts of the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc. (as amended from time to time, the “NASAA Guidelines”), and FINRA rules, to exceed 15% of gross proceeds from such Offering.

 

j.            The Dealer Manager Parties represents and warrants to the Company and each person and firm that signs the Registration Statement that the information under the caption “Plan of Distribution” in the Prospectus and all other information furnished to the Company by the Dealer Manager Parties in writing expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.

 

k.            The Dealer Manager Parties and all Offering Participants, and all other broker-dealers effecting transactions in the Shares on behalf of Offering Participants, will offer and sell the Shares at the public offering prices per share as determined in accordance with the Prospectus.

 

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4.            Indemnification.

 

a.            To the extent permitted by the Company’s charter and the provisions of Article II.G of the NASAA Guidelines, and subject to the limitations below, the Company will indemnify and hold harmless those Offering Participants with which the Dealer Manager has entered into a Participating Dealer Agreement, Selected RIA Agreement or Selected Institution Agreement (or a like agreement, in the Dealer Manager’s sole discretion), the Dealer Manager Parties, their officers and directors, and each person, if any, who controls such Offering Participant or the Dealer Manager Parties within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (the “Indemnified Persons”) from and against any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (“Losses”), joint or several, to which such Indemnified Persons may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Losses (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) any untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them; (ii) in any blue sky application or other document executed by the Company or on its behalf specifically for the purpose of qualifying any or all of the Shares for sale under the securities laws of any jurisdiction or based upon written information furnished by the Company under the securities laws thereof (any such application, document or information being hereinafter called a “Blue Sky Application”); or (iii) in any Authorized Sales Materials; (b) the omission to state in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them or in any Blue Sky Application or Authorized Sales Materials a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; (c) any material violation by the Company of this Agreement; (d) any failure by the Company to comply with applicable laws governing privacy issues, money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable rules of the SEC, FINRA and the USA PATRIOT Act; or (e) any other failure by the Company to comply with applicable federal or state securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Company will reimburse the Dealer Manager Parties and each Indemnified Person of the Dealer Manager Parties for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Dealer Manager Parties or such Indemnified Person in connection with investigating or defending such Loss.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 4.a., the Company may not indemnify or hold harmless the Dealer Manager Parties, any Offering Participant or any of their affiliates in any manner that would be inconsistent with the provisions of Article II.G of the NASAA Guidelines. In particular, but without limitation, the Company may not indemnify or hold harmless the Dealer Manager Parties, any Offering Participant or any of their affiliates for liabilities arising from or out of a violation of state or federal securities laws, unless one or more of the following conditions are met:

 

(i)            There has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations;

 

(ii)            Such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or

 

(iii)            A court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which the securities were offered as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.

 

Further notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 4.a., the Company will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such Loss or expense arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished (x) to the Company by the Dealer Manager Parties or (y) to the Company or the Dealer Manager Parties by or on behalf of any Offering Participant, in each case specifically for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them, any Blue Sky Application or any Authorized Sales Materials, and, further, the Company will not be liable for the portion of any Loss in any such case if it is determined that such Offering Participant or the Dealer Manager Parties was at fault in connection with such portion of the Loss, expense or action.

 

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The foregoing indemnity agreement of this Section 4.a. is subject to the further condition that, insofar as it relates to any untrue statement or omission made in the Prospectus (or amendment or supplement thereto) that was eliminated or remedied in any subsequent amendment or supplement thereto, such indemnity agreement shall not inure to the benefit of an Indemnified Party from whom the person asserting any Losses purchased the Shares that are the subject thereof, if a copy of the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented was not sent or given to such person at or prior to the time the subscription of such person was accepted by the Company, but only if a copy of the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented had been supplied to the Dealer Manager Parties or the Offering Participant prior to such acceptance.

 

b.            The Dealer Manager will indemnify and hold harmless the Company, its officers and directors (including any person named in the Registration Statement, with his consent, as about to become a director), each other person who has signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (the “Company Indemnified Persons”), from and against any Losses to which any of the Company Indemnified Persons may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Losses (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) any untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them; (ii) in any Blue Sky Application; or (iii) in any Authorized Sales Materials; (b) the omission to state in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them or in any Blue Sky Application or Authorized Sales Materials a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, provided that clauses (a) and (b) apply, to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by or on behalf of the Dealer Manager specifically for use with reference to the Dealer Manager in the preparation of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them or in preparation of any Blue Sky Application or Authorized Sales Materials; (c) any use of sales literature by the Dealer Manager not authorized or approved by the Company or any use of “broker-dealer use only” materials with members of the public by the Dealer Manager in the offer and sale of the Shares or any use of sales literature by the Dealer Manager in a particular jurisdiction if such material bears a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the sale of Shares to members of the public in such jurisdiction; (d) any untrue statement of a material fact made by the Dealer Manager or its representatives or agents (provided that an Offering Participating shall not be deemed a representative or agent of the Dealer Manager) or omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares; (e) any material violation by the Dealer Manager of this Agreement; (f) any failure by the Dealer Manager to comply with applicable laws governing privacy issues, money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable rules of the SEC, FINRA and the USA PATRIOT Act; or (g) any other failure by the Dealer Manager to comply with applicable rules of FINRA or federal or state securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Dealer Manager will reimburse the aforesaid parties for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending such Loss, expense or action. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that the Dealer Manager may otherwise have.

 

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c.            Each Offering Participant severally will indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the Dealer Manager, each of their officers and directors (including any person named in the Registration Statement, with his consent, as about to become a director), each other person who has signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company or the Dealer Manager within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act (the “Offering Participant Indemnified Persons”) from and against any Losses to which an Offering Participant Indemnified Person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Losses (or actions in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon (a) any untrue statement of a material fact contained (i) in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them; (ii) in any Blue Sky Application; or (iii) in any Authorized Sales Materials; (b) the omission to state in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them or in any Blue Sky Application or Authorized Sales Materials a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, that clauses (a) and (b) apply, to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or omission was made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company or the Dealer Manager by or on behalf of the Offering Participant specifically for use with reference to the Offering Participant in the preparation of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Preliminary Prospectus used prior to the effective date of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment or supplement to any of them or in preparation of any Blue Sky Application or Authorized Sales Materials; (c) any use of sales literature not authorized or approved by the Company or any use of “broker-dealer use only” materials with members of the public by the Offering Participant in the offer and sale of the Shares or any use of sales literature in a particular jurisdiction if such material bears a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the sale of Shares to members of the public in such jurisdiction; (d) any untrue statement of a material fact made by the Offering Participant or its representatives or agents or omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading in connection with the offer and sale of the Shares; (e) any material violation of this Agreement or the Participating Dealer Agreement, the Selected RIA Agreement, or other agreement entered into between the Dealer Manager and the Offering Participant; (f) any failure or alleged failure to comply with all applicable laws, including, without limitation, laws governing privacy issues, money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including applicable rules of the SEC, FINRA and the USA PATRIOT Act; or (g) any other failure or alleged failure to comply with applicable rules of FINRA or federal or state securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, including Regulation Best Interest. Each such Offering Participant will reimburse each Offering Participant Indemnified Person for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Loss, expense or action. This indemnity agreement will be in addition to any liability that such Offering Participant may otherwise have.

 

d.            Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 4 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section 4, notify in writing the indemnifying party of the commencement thereof. The failure of an indemnified party to so notify the indemnifying party shall not relive the indemnifying party of any liability under this Section 4 as to the particular item for which indemnification is then being sought; provided, that such failure to notify does not materially prejudice the indemnifying party. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notifies an indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled, to the extent it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to participate in the defense thereof, with separate counsel. Such participation shall not relieve such indemnifying party of the obligation to reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable legal and other expenses (subject to Section 4.e.) incurred by such indemnified party in defending itself, except for such expenses incurred after the indemnifying party has deposited funds sufficient to effect the settlement, with prejudice, of the claim in respect of which indemnity is sought. Any such indemnifying party shall not be liable to any such indemnified party on account of any settlement of any claim or action effected without the consent of such indemnifying party. Any indemnified party shall not be bound to perform or refrain from performing any act pursuant to the terms of any settlement of any claim or action effected without the consent of such indemnified party

 

e.            The indemnifying party shall pay all legal fees and expenses of the indemnified party in the defense of such claims or actions; provided, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be obliged to pay legal expenses and fees to more than one law firm in connection with the defense of similar claims arising out of the same alleged acts or omissions giving rise to such claims notwithstanding that such actions or claims are alleged or brought by one or more parties against more than one indemnified party. If such claims or actions are alleged or brought against more than one indemnified party, then the indemnifying party shall only be obliged to reimburse the expenses and fees of the one law firm that has been selected by a majority of the indemnified parties against which such action is finally brought; and in the event a majority of such indemnified parties are unable to agree on which law firm for which expenses or fees will be reimbursable by the indemnifying party, then payment shall be made to the first law firm of record representing an indemnified party against the action or claim. Such law firm shall be paid only to the extent of services performed by such law firm and no reimbursement shall be payable to such law firm on account of legal services performed by another law firm.

 

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f.            The indemnity agreements contained in this Section 4 shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Offering Participant, or any person controlling any Offering Participant or by or on behalf of the Company, the Dealer Manager Parties or any officer or director thereof, or by or on behalf of any person controlling the Company or the Dealer Manager Parties, (b) delivery of any Shares and payment therefor, and (c) any termination of this Agreement. A successor of an Offering Participant or of any of the parties to this Agreement, as the case may be, shall be entitled to the benefits of the indemnity agreements contained in this Section 4.

 

5.            Survival of Provisions.

 

a.            The respective agreements, representations and warranties of the Company and the Dealer Manager Parties set forth in this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (a) any investigation made by or on behalf of the Dealer Manager Parties or any Offering Participant or any person controlling the Dealer Manager Parties or any Offering Participant or by or on behalf of the Company or any person controlling the Company, and (b) the acceptance of any payment for the Shares.

 

b.            The respective agreements of the Company and the Dealer Manager set forth in Sections 3.c. through 3.i. and Sections 4 through 14 of this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of any termination of this Agreement.

 

6.            Applicable Law. This Agreement was executed and delivered in, and its validity, interpretation and construction shall be governed by, the laws of the State of New York; provided, however, that causes of action for violations of federal or state securities laws shall not be governed by this Section. Venue for any action brought hereunder shall lie exclusively in New York, New York.

 

7.            Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts. Each counterpart, when executed and delivered, shall be an original contract, but all counterparts, when taken together, shall constitute one and the same Agreement.

 

8.            Successors and Amendment.

 

a.            This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Dealer Manager and the Company and their respective successors. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give to any other person any right, remedy or claim, except as otherwise specifically provided herein. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of any Sub-Dealer Manager and the Offering Participants to the extent set forth in Sections 1 and 4 hereof.

 

b.            This Agreement may be amended by the written agreement of the Dealer Manager and the Company.

 

c.            Schedule 1 may be amended from time to time with the written consent of the Company and the Dealer Manager. However, the addition or removal of Registration Statements from Schedule 1 shall only apply prospectively and shall not effect the respective agreements, representations and warranties of the Company and the Dealer Manager prior to such amendments to Schedule 1. For the avoidance of doubt, the parties acknowledge and agree that, upon the removal of a Registration Statement from Schedule 1, the representations, warranties and covenants in Sections 1 and 2 shall no longer continue to be made with respect to the Offering, the Shares or the Prospectus relating to such Registration Statement.

 

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9.            Term and Termination.

 

Any party to this Agreement shall have the right to terminate this Agreement on 60 days’ written notice or immediately upon notice to the other party in the event that such other party shall have failed to comply with any material provision hereof. Upon expiration or termination of this Agreement, (a) the Company shall pay to the Dealer Manager all earned but unpaid compensation and reimbursement for all incurred, accountable compensation to which the Dealer Manager is or becomes entitled under Section 3 pursuant to the requirements of that Section 3 at such times as such amounts become payable pursuant to the terms of such Section 3, offset by any losses suffered by the Company or any officer or director of the Company arising from the Dealer Manager’s breach of this Agreement or an action that would otherwise give rise to an indemnification claim against the Dealer Manager under Section 4.b. herein, and (b) the Dealer Manager shall promptly deliver to the Company all records and documents in its possession that relate to the Offering other than as required by law to be retained by the Dealer Manager. Dealer Manager shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Company to accomplish an orderly transfer of management of the Offering to a party designated by the Company.

 

10.            Confirmation. The Company hereby agrees and assumes the duty to confirm on its behalf and on behalf of Dealers and brokers of record for Selected RIAs and Selected Institutions who sell the Shares all orders for purchase of Shares accepted by the Company. Such confirmations will comply with the rules of the SEC and FINRA, and will comply with applicable laws of such other jurisdictions to the extent the Company is advised of such laws in writing by the Dealer Manager.

 

11.            Prospectus and Authorized Sales Materials. Each of the Dealer Manager Parties agrees that it is not authorized or permitted to give and will not give, any information or make any representation concerning the Shares except as set forth in the Prospectus and any Authorized Sales Materials. Each of the Dealer Manager Parties further agrees (a) not to deliver any Authorized Sales Materials to any investor or prospective investor, to any broker-dealer that has not entered into a Participating Dealer Agreement or Servicing Agreement, or to any representatives or other associated persons of such a broker-dealer, unless it is accompanied or preceded by the Prospectus as amended and supplemented, (b) not to show or give to any investor or prospective investor or reproduce any material or writing that is supplied to it by the Company and marked “dealer only,” “financial advisor use only” or otherwise bearing a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the sale of Shares to members of the public and (c) not to show or give to any investor or prospective investor in a particular jurisdiction (and will similarly require Dealers pursuant to any Participating Dealer Agreement and Selected Institutions pursuant to any Selected Institution Agreement entered into with such Offering Participants) any material or writing that is supplied to it by the Company if such material bears a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the sale of Shares to members of the public in such jurisdiction. The Dealer Manager, in any agreements with Offering Participants, will include requirements and obligations of the Offering Participants similar to those imposed upon the Dealer Manager pursuant to this section.

 

12.            Suitability of Investors. The Dealer Manager, in any agreements with Offering Participants, will require that the Offering Participants offer and/or recommend the purchase of Shares only to persons who meet the financial qualifications set forth in the Prospectus or in any suitability letter or memorandum sent to it by the Company and will only make offers and/or recommendations to purchase Shares to persons in the jurisdictions in which it is advised in writing that the Shares are qualified for sale or that such qualification is not required. In offering Shares, the Dealer Manager, in any agreements with Offering Participants, will require that the Offering Participant comply with the provisions of all applicable rules and regulations relating to suitability of investors, including, without limitation, the provisions of Article III.C. of the NASAA Guidelines. The Dealer Manager, in any agreements with Offering Participants, will require that the Dealers (and, as necessary and applicable, broker-dealers of record for Selected RIAs and Selected Institutions) shall sell the Shares only to those persons who are eligible to purchase such shares as described in the Prospectus and only through those Dealers and other broker-dealers who are authorized to sell such shares, for Class D shares and Class I shares in particular the Dealer Manager will require that the Dealers and other broker-dealers shall only sell to permissible persons and specified accounts as described in the Prospectus. The Dealer Manager, in any agreements with the Offering Participants, shall require the Offering Participants to maintain, for at least six years, a record of the information obtained to determine that an investor meets the financial qualification and suitability standards imposed on the offer and sale of the Shares.

 

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13.            Submission of Orders. The Dealer Manager will require in any agreements with Offering Participants that each Offering Participant, respectively, comply with the submission of orders procedures set forth in (i) the form of Participating Dealer Agreement attached as Exhibit A to this Agreement, or (ii) any Selected Institution Agreement, as applicable. Although it is anticipated that the distribution process will be facilitated in large part through the Offering Participants, to the extent any Dealer Manager Party is involved in the distribution process other than through an Offering Participant, such Dealer Manager Party will comply with such submission of orders procedures, and will require each person desiring to purchase Shares in the Offering to complete and execute a subscription agreement (a “Subscription Agreement”) in the form provided by the Company to such Dealer Manager Party for use in connection with the Offering and to deliver to the Dealer Manager Party or as otherwise directed by the Dealer Manager Party such completed and executed Subscription Agreement together with a check or wire transfer (“instrument of payment”) in the amount of such person’s purchase, which must be at least the minimum purchase amount set forth in the Prospectus. Subscription Agreements and instruments of payment will be transmitted by such Dealer Manager Party to the escrow agent described in the Prospectus and Subscription Agreement for any Offering in which there is a minimum offering contingency described in the Prospectus (“Minimum Offering”) that has not yet been satisfied or, after any such Minimum Offering is satisfied or if no such Minimum Offering is applicable to an Offering, to the Company, as soon as practicable, but in any event by the end of the second business day following receipt by such Dealer Manager Party. If a Dealer Manager Party receives a Subscription Agreement or instrument of payment not conforming to the instructions set forth in the form of Participating Dealer Agreement or Selected Institution Agreement, such Dealer Manager Party shall return such Subscription Agreement and instrument of payment directly to such subscriber not later than the end of the next business day following its receipt. Instruments of payment of rejected subscribers will be promptly returned to such subscribers.

 

14.            Notice. Notices and other writings contemplated by this Agreement shall be delivered via (i) hand, (ii) first class registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, (iii) a nationally recognized overnight courier or (iv) electronic mail. All such notices shall be addressed, as follows:

 

If to the Dealer Manager:

 

BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC

Attn: Matthew Campbell
399 Park Avenue

18th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Email: Matthew.Campbell@BentallGreenOak.com

 

If to the Company:

 

BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

Attn: Matthew Campbell

399 Park Avenue

18th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Email: Matthew.Campbell@BentallGreenOak.com

 

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If the foregoing correctly sets forth our understanding, please indicate your acceptance thereof in the space provided below for that purpose, whereupon this letter and your acceptance shall constitute a binding agreement between us as of the date first above written.

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
   
  By:  
    Name:    
    Title:  

 

Accepted and agreed to as of the

date first above written:

 

BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC  
   
By:    
  Name:      
  Title:    

 

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Schedule 1

 

Registration Statement(s)

 

1.Registration Statement on Form S-11, Registration No. 333-[                  ]

 

 

 

 

Schedule 2

 

Compensation

 

I.Selling Commissions

 

Subject to certain Dealers’ right to retain selling commissions as described in the Participating Dealer Agreement, the Company will pay to the Dealer Manager selling commissions in the amount of (a) up to 3.0% of the transaction price per share of each sale of Class T Primary Shares, (b) up to 3.5% of the transaction price per share of each sale of Class S Primary Shares and (c) up to 1.5% of the transaction price per share of each sale of Class D Primary Shares. The Company will not pay to the Dealer Manager any selling commissions in respect of the purchase of any Class I shares or DRIP Shares.

 

II.Dealer Manager Fees

 

The Company will pay to the Dealer Manager dealer manager fees in the amount of up to 0.5% of the transaction price per share of each sale of Class T Primary Shares. The Company will not pay to the Dealer Manager any dealer manager fees in respect of the purchase of any Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares or DRIP Shares.

 

III.Servicing Fee

 

The Company will pay to the Dealer Manager a Servicing Fee with respect to outstanding Class T shares that is paid monthly in an amount equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the outstanding Class T shares, consisting of an investment professional stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% per annum, and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% per annum, of the aggregate NAV of the outstanding Class T shares, or such other amount as described in the Participating Dealer Agreement that does not exceed the maximum amount of Servicing Fee as set forth in the Prospectus.

 

The Company will pay to the Dealer Manager a Servicing Fee with respect to outstanding Class S shares and Class D shares that is paid monthly in an amount equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the outstanding Class S shares and in an amount equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the outstanding Class D shares or such other amount as described in the Participating Dealer Agreement or Selected Institution Agreement that does not exceed the maximum amount of Servicing Fee as set forth in the Prospectus.

 

The Company will not pay the Dealer Manager a Servicing Fee with respect to Class I shares.

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

FORM OF PARTICIPATING DEALER AGREEMENT

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC, as the dealer manager (the “Dealer Manager”) for BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (the “Company”), a Maryland corporation which will be taxed as a real estate investment trust, invites you (“Dealer”) to participate in the distribution of shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company (“Common Stock”) subject to the following terms:

 

I.Dealer Manager Agreement

 

The Dealer Manager has entered into a Dealer Manager Agreement (the “Dealer Manager Agreement”) with the Company dated [             ], 2023, attached hereto as Exhibit A. Except as otherwise specifically stated herein, all terms used in this Agreement have the meanings provided in the Dealer Manager Agreement. From time to time, the Dealer Manager may enter into one or more sub-dealer manager agreements or similar agreements, pursuant to which it may delegate certain responsibilities to a Sub-Dealer Manager. For the avoidance of doubt, any communication, notice or delivery of information by a Sub-Dealer Manager acting in its capacity as such and on behalf of the Dealer Manager pursuant to and in accordance with the terms of any Sub-Dealer Manager Agreement, or otherwise fulfilling any obligation of the Dealer Manager (but excluding any consent of the Dealer Manager required hereunder) that is required to be made or otherwise provided under the terms of this Agreement shall satisfy the Dealer Manager’s obligations hereunder.

 

As described in the Dealer Manager Agreement, the Company has filed one or more registration statements with the SEC that are listed on Schedule 1 to the Dealer Manager Agreement (each, a “Registration Statement”), which Schedule 1 may be amended from time to time with the written consent of the Company and the Dealer Manager. Any new Registration Statement will be added to Schedule 1 upon its initial effectiveness with the SEC. Each Registration Statement shall register an ongoing offering (each, an “Offering”) of Common Stock, which may consist of Class T, Class S, Class D and/or Class I shares of Common Stock (collectively, the “Shares”).

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any new Registration Statement is added to Schedule 1 to the Dealer Manager Agreement, the Dealer Manager will give Dealer written notice of such addition. Schedule 1 to the Dealer Manager Agreement may be amended from time to time with the written consent of the Company and the Dealer Manager. However, the addition or removal of Registration Statements from Schedule 1 to the Dealer Manager Agreement shall only apply prospectively and shall not affect the respective agreements, representations and warranties of the Company, the Dealer Manager and Dealer prior to such amendments to Schedule 1 to the Dealer Manager Agreement. It is possible that more than one Registration Statement may be listed on Schedule 1 during times of transition from one Registration Statement to another, during which time offers or sales may be made pursuant to either Registration Statement. In such event, the Dealer Manager shall (a) communicate to Dealer details about the transition from one Registration Statement to the next, including when sales may be made pursuant to the most recent Registration Statement and when sales will cease pursuant to the older Registration Statement and (b) provide Dealer with sufficient copies of the appropriate Prospectus and other offering materials in order to continue to make offers and sales throughout such transition period.

 

In this Agreement, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “the Registration Statement” means, at any given time, each of the registration statements listed on Schedule 1 to the Dealer Manager Agreement, as such Schedule 1 to the Dealer Manager Agreement may be amended from time to time, as each such registration statement is finally amended and revised at the effective date of the registration statement (including at the effective date of any post-effective amendment thereto). In this Agreement, unless explicitly stated otherwise, “the Offering” means, at any given time, an offering covered by a Registration Statement and “Shares” means the Shares being offered in an Offering. In this Agreement, unless explicitly stated otherwise, any references to the Registration Statement, the Offering, the Shares or the Prospectus with respect to each other shall mean only those that are all related to the same Registration Statement.

 

A-1

 

 

By your acceptance of this Agreement, you will become one of the Dealers referred to in the Dealer Manager Agreement between the Company and the Dealer Manager and will be entitled and subject to the indemnification provisions contained in the Dealer Manager Agreement, including the provisions of Section 4 of the Dealer Manager Agreement wherein the Dealers severally agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the Dealer Manager and each officer and director thereof, and each person, if any, who controls the Company or the Dealer Manager within the meaning of the Securities Act.

 

Dealer hereby agrees to use its best efforts to sell the Shares for cash on the terms and conditions stated in the Prospectus. Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed or construed to make Dealer an employee, agent, representative or partner of the Dealer Manager or of the Company, and Dealer is not authorized to act for the Dealer Manager or the Company or to make any representations on their behalf except as set forth in the Prospectus and in the Authorized Sales Materials.

 

II.Submission of Orders

 

Each person desiring to purchase Shares in the Offering will be required to complete and execute a Subscription Agreement and to deliver to Dealer such completed and executed Subscription Agreement together with a check or wire transfer (“instrument of payment”) in the amount of such person’s purchase, which must be at least the minimum purchase amount set forth in the Prospectus. Those persons who purchase Shares will be instructed by Dealer to make their instruments of payment payable to or for the benefit of “BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.” Purchase orders which include a completed and executed Subscription Agreement in good order and instruments of payment received by the Company at least five (5) business days prior to the last business day of the month (unless waived by the Company) will be executed as of the first business day of the next month (based on the prior month’s transaction price). Subscribers may not submit an initial purchase order until at least five (5) business days after the date on which the subscriber receives a copy of the Prospectus.

 

If Dealer receives a Subscription Agreement or instrument of payment not conforming to the foregoing instructions, Dealer shall return such Subscription Agreement and instrument of payment directly to such subscriber not later than the end of the next business day following its receipt. Subscription Agreements and instruments of payment received by Dealer which conform to the foregoing instructions shall be transmitted for deposit pursuant to one of the methods described in this Section II. Transmittal of received investor funds will be made in accordance with the following procedures:

 

(a)            Where, pursuant to Dealer’s internal supervisory procedures, internal supervisory review is conducted at the same location at which Subscription Agreements and instruments of payment are received from subscribers, Subscription Agreements and instruments of payment will be transmitted by the end of the next business day following receipt by Dealer for deposit to the Company or its agent as set forth in the Subscription Agreement or as otherwise directed by the Company.

 

(b)            Where, pursuant to Dealer’s internal supervisory procedures, final internal supervisory review is conducted at a different location, Subscription Agreements and instruments of payment will be transmitted by the end of the next business day following receipt by Dealer to the office of Dealer conducting such final internal supervisory review (the “Final Review Office”). The Final Review Office will in turn, by the end of the next business day following receipt by the Final Review Office, transmit such Subscription Agreements and instruments of payment for deposit to the Company or its agent as set forth in the Subscription Agreement or as otherwise directed by the Company.

 

III.Pricing

 

Except as otherwise provided in the Prospectus, which may be amended or supplemented from time to time, the Primary Shares shall generally be offered to the public at a purchase price payable in cash equal to the Company’s prior month’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share applicable to the class of shares being purchased (as calculated in accordance with the procedures described in the Prospectus), or at a different offering price made available to investors in cases where the Company believes there has been a material change to the NAV per Share since the end of the prior month, plus in either case any applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees. For stockholders who participate in the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan (“DRIP”), the cash distributions attributable to the class of shares that each stockholder owns will be automatically re-invested in additional shares of the same class. The DRIP Shares will be issued and sold to stockholders of the Company at a purchase price equal to the Primary Share offering price per share before any applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees (“transaction price”) of the applicable class of shares on the date the distribution is payable. Except as otherwise indicated in the Prospectus or in any letter or memorandum sent to Dealer by the Company or the Dealer Manager, a minimum initial purchase of $2,500 in Class T, Class S or Class D Shares, or $1,000,000 in Class I Shares, is required, and additional investments may be made in cash in minimal increments of at least $500 in Shares. The Shares are nonassessable.

 

A-2

 

 

IV.Dealers’ Compensation

 

Except as may be provided in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus, which may be amended or supplemented from time to time, as compensation for completed sales and ongoing stockholder services rendered by Dealer hereunder, Dealer is entitled, on the terms and subject to the conditions herein, to the compensation set forth on Schedule I hereto.

 

V.Representations, Warranties and Covenants of Dealer

 

In addition to the representations and warranties found elsewhere in this Agreement, Dealer represents, warrants and agrees that:

 

(i)            It is duly organized and existing and in good standing under the laws of the state, commonwealth or other jurisdiction in which Dealer is organized.

 

(ii)           It is empowered under applicable laws and by Dealer’s organizational documents to enter into this Agreement and perform all activities and services of Dealer provided for herein and that there are no impediments, prior or existing, or regulatory, self-regulatory, administrative, civil or criminal matters affecting Dealer’s ability to perform under this Agreement.

 

(iii)          The execution, delivery, and performance of this Agreement; the incurrence of the obligations set forth herein; and the consummation of the transactions contemplated herein, including the issuance and sale of the Shares, will not constitute a breach of, or default under, any agreement or instrument by which Dealer is bound, or to which any of its assets are subject, or any order, rule, or regulation applicable to it of any court, governmental body, or administrative agency having jurisdiction over it.

 

(iv)          All requisite actions have been taken to authorize Dealer to enter into and perform this Agreement.

 

(v)           It shall notify the Dealer Manager, promptly in writing, of any written claim, complaint, investigation, enforcement action or other proceeding with respect to Shares offered hereunder against Dealer or its principals, affiliates, officers, directors, employees or agents, or any person who controls Dealer, within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act.

 

(vi)          Dealer will not sell or distribute Shares or otherwise make any such Shares available in any jurisdiction outside of the United States unless Dealer receives prior written consent from the Dealer Manager.

 

(vii)         Dealer acknowledges that the Dealer Manager will enter into similar agreements with other broker-dealers, which does not require the consent of Dealer.

 

VI.Right to Reject Orders or Cancel Sales

 

All orders, whether initial or additional, are subject to acceptance by and shall only become effective upon confirmation by the Company, which reserves the right to reject any order for any reason or no reason including, without limitation, orders not accompanied by an executed Subscription Agreement in good order or without the required instrument of payment in full payment for the Shares. Issuance and delivery of the Shares will be made only after actual receipt of payment therefor. If any check is not paid upon presentment, or if the Company is not in actual receipt of clearinghouse funds or cash, certified or cashier’s check or the equivalent in payment for the Shares, the Company reserves the right to cancel the sale without notice.

 

A-3

 

 

In the event that the Dealer Manager has reallowed any selling commission or dealer manager fee to Dealer for the sale of one or more Shares and the subscription is rejected, canceled or rescinded for any reason as to one or more of the Shares covered by such subscription, Dealer shall pay the amount specified to the Dealer Manager within ten (10) days following mailing of notice to Dealer by the Dealer Manager stating the amount owed as a result of rescinded or rejected subscriptions. Further, if Dealer has retained selling commissions in connection with an order that is subsequently rejected, canceled or rescinded for any reason, Dealer agrees to return to the subscriber any selling commission theretofore retained by Dealer with respect to such order within three (3) days following mailing of notice to Dealer by the Dealer Manager stating the amount owed as a result of rescinded or rejected subscriptions. If Dealer fails to pay any such amounts, the Dealer Manager shall have the right to offset such amounts owed against future compensation due and otherwise payable to Dealer (it being understood and agreed that such right to offset shall not be in limitation of any other rights or remedies that the Dealer Manager may have in connection with such failure).

 

VII.Prospectus and Authorized Sales Materials; Compliance with Laws

 

Dealer is not authorized or permitted to give and will not give, any information or make any representation concerning the Shares except as set forth in the Prospectus and any Authorized Sales Materials. The Dealer Manager will supply Dealer with, or make available to Dealer, reasonable quantities of the Prospectus, any supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus, as well as any Authorized Sales Materials, for delivery to investors, and Dealer will deliver a copy of the Prospectus and all supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus to each investor to whom an offer is made prior to or simultaneously with the first solicitation of an offer to sell the Shares to an investor. Dealer agrees that it will not send or give any supplement to the Prospectus or any Authorized Sales Materials to an investor unless it has previously sent or given a Prospectus and all previous supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus to that investor or has simultaneously sent or given a Prospectus and all previous supplements thereto and any amended Prospectus with such supplement to the Prospectus or Authorized Sales Materials. Dealer agrees that it will not show or give to any investor or prospective investor or reproduce any material or writing which is supplied to it by the Dealer Manager and marked “dealer only,” “financial advisor use only” or otherwise bearing a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the sale of Shares to members of the public. Dealer agrees that it will not show or give to any investor or prospective investor in a particular jurisdiction any material or writing that is supplied to it by the Dealer Manager if such material bears a legend denoting that it is not to be used in connection with the sale of Shares to members of the public in such jurisdiction. Dealer agrees that it will not use in connection with the offer or sale of Shares any material or writing which relates to another company supplied to it by the Company or the Dealer Manager bearing a legend which states that such material may not be used in connection with the offer or sale of any securities other than the company to which it relates. Dealer further agrees that it will not use in connection with the offer or sale of Shares any materials or writings which have not been previously approved for such use by the Dealer Manager or the Company in writing. Dealer agrees, if the Dealer Manager so requests, to furnish a copy of any revised preliminary Prospectus to each person to whom it has furnished a copy of any previous preliminary Prospectus, and further agrees that it will itself mail or otherwise deliver all preliminary and final Prospectuses required for compliance with the provisions of Rule 15c2-8 under the Exchange Act. Regardless of the termination of this Agreement, Dealer will deliver a Prospectus in transactions in the Shares for a period of 90 days from the effective date of the Registration Statement or such longer period as may be required by the Exchange Act.

 

On becoming a Dealer, and in offering and selling Shares, Dealer agrees to comply with all the applicable requirements imposed upon it under (a) the Securities Act, the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated under both such acts, including Regulation Best Interest, (b) all applicable state securities laws and regulations as from time to time in effect, (c) any other state, federal, foreign and other laws and regulations applicable to the Offering, the sale of Shares or the activities of the Dealer pursuant to this Agreement, including without limitation the privacy standards and requirements of state and federal laws, including the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (“GLBA”), and the laws governing money laundering abatement and anti-terrorist financing efforts, including the applicable rules of the SEC and FINRA, the Bank Secrecy Act, as amended, the USA Patriot Act, and regulations administered by the Office of Foreign Asset Control at the Department of the Treasury, and (d) this Agreement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented.

 

A-4

 

 

With respect to Dealer’s use of electronic delivery of offering documents or subscription agreements and electronic signatures, Dealer agrees to comply with the applicable requirements of the Statement of Policy Regarding Use of Electronic Offering Documents And Electronic Signatures, as amended (collectively, “Electronic Signature Law”) of the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc. (“NASAA”), as adopted by the NASAA membership on May 8, 2017, as well as the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq. (the “Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act”) and Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (the “Uniform Electronic Transactions Act”) referred to therein, as promulgated by the Uniform Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Law in July 1999 and as adopted by the relevant jurisdiction(s) where Dealer is licensed, each as may be amended from time to time.

 

Notwithstanding the termination of this Agreement or the payment of any amount to Dealer, Dealer agrees to pay Dealer’s proportionate share of any claim, demand or liability asserted against Dealer and the other Dealers on the basis that such Dealers or any of them constitute an association, unincorporated business or other separate entity, including in each case such Dealer’s proportionate share of any expenses incurred in defending against any such claim, demand or liability.

 

VIII.License and Association Membership

 

Dealer’s acceptance of this Agreement constitutes a representation to the Company and the Dealer Manager Parties that Dealer is a properly registered or licensed broker-dealer, duly authorized to sell Shares under federal and state securities laws and regulations, and foreign laws, if applicable, and in all states or jurisdictions where it offers or sells Shares, and that it is a member in good standing of FINRA. This Agreement shall automatically terminate if Dealer ceases to be a member in good standing of FINRA. Dealer agrees to notify the Dealer Manager immediately if Dealer ceases to be a member in good standing of FINRA. Dealer also hereby agrees to abide by all applicable rules of FINRA, including without limitation FINRA Rules 2040, 2111, 2121, 2310, 5110 and 5141.

 

IX.Limitation of Offer; Suitability

 

Dealer will offer Shares (both at the time of an initial subscription and at the time of any additional subscription, including initial enrollments and increased participations in the DRIP) only to persons who meet the financial qualifications and suitability and eligibility standards set forth in the Prospectus or in any suitability letter or memorandum sent to it by the Company or the Dealer Manager and will only make offers to persons in the jurisdictions in which it is advised in writing by the Dealer Manager that the Shares are qualified for sale or that such qualification is not required and in which Dealer has all required licenses and registrations to offer Shares in such jurisdictions. In offering Shares, Dealer will comply with the provisions of Regulation Best Interest, the Rules set forth in the FINRA Manual, as well as all other applicable rules and regulations relating to suitability of investors, including without limitation, the provisions of Article III.C and Article III.E.1 of the NASAA Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts, as adopted by the NASAA membership on May 7, 2007 (as amended from time to time, the “NASAA Guidelines”). Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to relieve Dealer of its suitability obligations under FINRA Rule 2111 or FINRA Rule 2310. Dealer will sell Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Class I shares only to the extent approved by the Dealer Manager as set forth on Schedule I to this Agreement, and to the extent approved to sell any class of Shares pursuant to this Agreement, sell such Shares only to those persons who are eligible to purchase such class of Shares as described in the Prospectus. Nothing contained in this Participating Dealer Agreement shall be construed to impose upon the Company or the Dealer Manager the responsibility of assuring that prospective investors meet the suitability or eligibility standards in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Prospectus nor will anything contained herein be construed to establish that any investor is a customer of the Company or the Dealer Manager, including for purposes of Regulation Best Interest. Dealer shall not purchase any Shares for a discretionary account without obtaining the prior written approval of Dealer’s customer and such customer’s completed and executed Subscription Agreement. Dealer agrees to comply with the record-keeping requirements imposed by (a) federal and state securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder, (b) the applicable rules of FINRA and (c) the NASAA Guidelines, including the requirement to maintain records (the “Suitability Records”) of the information used to determine that an investment in Shares is suitable and appropriate for each subscriber for a period of six years from the date of the sale of the Shares. Dealer further agrees to make the Suitability Records available to the Dealer Manager and the Company upon request and to make them available to representatives of the SEC and FINRA and applicable state securities administrators upon Dealer’s receipt of a subpoena or other appropriate document request from such agency.

 

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X.Disclosure Review; Confidentiality of Information

 

Dealer agrees that it shall have reasonable grounds to believe, based on the information made available to it through the Prospectus or other materials, that all material facts are adequately and accurately disclosed in the Prospectus and provide a basis for evaluating the Shares. In making this determination, Dealer shall evaluate, at a minimum, items of compensation, physical properties, tax aspects, financial stability and experience of the sponsor, conflicts of interest and risk factors, and appraisals and other pertinent reports. If Dealer relies upon the results of any inquiry conducted by another member or members of FINRA, Dealer shall have reasonable grounds to believe that such inquiry was conducted with due care, that the member or members conducting or directing the inquiry consented to the disclosure of the results of the inquiry and that the person who participated in or conducted the inquiry is not the Dealer Manager or a sponsor or an affiliate of the sponsor of the Company.

 

It is anticipated that (i) Dealer and Dealer’s officers, directors, managers, employees, owners, members, partners, home office diligence personnel or other agents of Dealer that are conducting a due diligence inquiry on behalf of Dealer and (ii) persons or committees, as the case may be, responsible for determining whether Dealer will participate in the Offering ((i) and (ii) are collectively, the “Diligence Representatives”) either have previously or will in the future have access to certain Confidential Information (defined below) pertaining to the Company, the Dealer Manager Parties, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates. For purposes hereof, “Confidential Information” shall mean and include: (i) trade secrets concerning the business and affairs of the Company, the Dealer Manager Parties, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates; (ii) confidential data, know-how, current and planned research and development, current and planned methods and processes, marketing lists or strategies, slide presentations, business plans, however documented, belonging to the Company, the Dealer Manager Parties, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates; (iii) information concerning the business and affairs of the Company, the Dealer Manager Parties, the Adviser, or their respective affiliates (including, without limitation, historical financial statements, financial projections and budgets, investment-related information, models, budgets, plans, and market studies, however documented; (iv) any information marked or designated “Confidential—For Due Diligence Purposes Only”; and (v) any notes, analysis, compilations, studies, summaries and other material containing or based, in whole or in part, on any information included in the foregoing. Dealer agrees to keep, and to cause its Diligence Representatives to keep, all such Confidential Information strictly confidential and to not use, distribute or copy the same except in connection with Dealer’s due diligence inquiry. Dealer agrees to not disclose, and to cause its Diligence Representatives not to disclose, such Confidential Information to the public, or to Dealer’s sales staff, financial advisors, or any person involved in selling efforts related to the Offering or to any other third party and agrees not to use the Confidential Information in any manner in the offer and sale of the Shares. Dealer further agrees to use all reasonable precautions necessary to preserve the confidentiality of such Confidential Information, including, but not limited to (a) limiting access to such information to persons who have a need to know such information only for the purpose of Dealer’s due diligence inquiry and (b) informing each recipient of such Confidential Information of Dealer’s confidentiality obligation. Dealer acknowledges that Dealer or its Diligence Representatives may previously have received Confidential Information in connection with preliminary due diligence on the Company, and agrees that the foregoing restrictions shall apply to any such previously received Confidential Information. Dealer acknowledges that Dealer or its Diligence Representatives may in the future receive Confidential Information either in individual or collective meetings or telephone calls with the Company, and agrees that the foregoing restrictions shall apply to any Confidential Information received in the future through any source or medium. Dealer acknowledges the restrictions and limitations of Regulation F-D promulgated by the SEC and agrees that the foregoing restrictions are necessary and appropriate in order for the Company to comply therewith. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information may be disclosed (a) if approved in writing for disclosure by the Company or the applicable Dealer Manager Party, (b) pursuant to a subpoena or as required by law, or (c) as required by regulation, rule, order or request of any governing or self-regulatory organization (including the SEC or FINRA); provided, that Dealer shall notify the Dealer Manager Parties in advance if practicable under the circumstances of any attempt to obtain Confidential Information pursuant to provisions (b) and (c).

 

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XI.Dealer’s Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Rules and Regulations

 

Dealer hereby represents that it has complied and will comply with Section 326 of the USA Patriot Act and the implementing rules and regulations promulgated thereunder in connection with broker/dealers’ anti-money laundering obligations. Dealer hereby represents that it has adopted and implemented, and will maintain a written anti-money laundering compliance program (“AML Program”) including, without limitation, anti-money laundering policies and procedures relating to customer identification in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, including federal and state securities laws, applicable rules of FINRA, and the USA Patriot Act and the implementing rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. In accordance with these applicable laws and regulations and its AML Program, Dealer agrees to verify the identity of its new customers; to maintain customer records; and to check the names of new customers against government watch lists, including the Office of Foreign Asset Control’s (OFAC) list of Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons. Additionally, Dealer will monitor account activity to identify patterns of unusual size or volume, geographic factors and any other “red flags” described in the USA Patriot Act as potential signals of money laundering or terrorist financing. Dealer will submit to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network any required suspicious activity reports about such activity and further will disclose such activity to applicable federal and state law enforcement when required by law. Upon request by any Dealer Manager Party at any time, Dealer hereby agrees to furnish (a) a copy of its AML Program to the Dealer Manager Parties for review, and (b) a copy of the findings and any remedial actions taken in connection with Dealer’s most recent independent testing of its AML Program. Dealer agrees to notify the Dealer Manager Parties immediately if Dealer is subject to a FINRA disclosure event or fine from FINRA related to its AML Program.

 

XII.Privacy

 

Dealer agrees to abide by and comply in all respects with (a) the privacy standards and requirements of the GLBA and applicable regulations promulgated thereunder, (b) the privacy standards and requirements of any other applicable federal or state law, including the Fair Credit Reporting Act (“FCRA”) and (c) its own internal privacy policies and procedures, each as may be amended from time to time.

 

The parties hereto acknowledge that from time to time, Dealer may share with the Company and the Company may share with Dealer nonpublic personal information (as defined under the GLBA) of customers of Dealer. This nonpublic personal information may include, but is not limited to a customer’s name, address, telephone number, social security number, account information and personal financial information. Dealer shall only be granted access to such nonpublic personal information of each of its customers that pertains to the period or periods during which Dealer served as the broker dealer of record for such customer’s account. Dealer, the Dealer Manager Parties and the Company shall not disclose nonpublic personal information of any customers who have opted out of such disclosures, except (a) to service providers (when necessary and as permitted under the GLBA), (b) to carry out the purposes for which one party discloses such nonpublic personal information to another party under this Agreement (when necessary and as permitted under the GLBA) or (c) as otherwise required by applicable law. Any nonpublic personal information that one party receives from another party shall be subject to the limitations on usage described in this Section XII. Except as expressly permitted under the FCRA, Dealer agrees that it shall not disclose any information that would be considered a “consumer report” under the FCRA.

 

Dealer shall be responsible for determining which customers have opted out of the disclosure of nonpublic personal information by periodically reviewing and, if necessary, retrieving a list of such customers (the “List”) to identify customers that have exercised their opt-out rights. In the event Dealer, the Dealer Manager Parties or the Company expects to use or disclose nonpublic personal information of any customer for purposes other than as set forth in this Section XII, it must first consult the List to determine whether the affected customer has exercised his or her opt-out rights. The use or disclosure of any nonpublic personal information of any customer that is identified on the List as having opted out of such disclosures, except as set forth in this Section XII, shall be prohibited.

 

Dealer shall implement commercially reasonable measures in compliance with industry best practices designed (a) to assure the security and confidentiality of nonpublic personal information of all customers; (b) to protect such information against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information; (c) to protect against unauthorized access to, or use of, such information that could result in material harm to any customer; (d) to protect against unauthorized disclosure of such information to unaffiliated third parties; and (e) to otherwise ensure its compliance with all applicable privacy standards and requirements of federal or state law (including, but not limited to, the GLBA), and any other applicable legal or regulatory requirements. Dealer further agrees to cause all its agents, representatives, affiliates, subcontractors, or any other party to whom Dealer provides access to or discloses nonpublic personal information of customers to implement appropriate measures designed to meet the objectives set forth in this Section XII.

 

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XIII.Dealer’s Undertaking to Not Facilitate a Secondary Market in the Shares

 

Dealer acknowledges that there is no public trading market for the Shares and that there are limits on the ownership, transferability and redemption of the Shares, which significantly limit the liquidity of an investment in the Shares. Dealer also acknowledges that the Company’s Share Repurchase Plan (the “Plan”) provides only a limited opportunity for investors to have their Shares purchased by the Company and that the Company’s board of directors may, in its sole discretion, amend or suspend the Plan at any time in accordance with the terms of the Plan. Dealer hereby agrees that so long as the Company is offering Shares under a Registration Statement filed with the SEC and the Company has not listed the Shares on a national securities exchange, Dealer will not engage in any action or transaction that would facilitate or otherwise create the appearance of a secondary market in the Shares without the prior written approval of the Dealer Manager.

 

XIV.Arbitration

 

Any dispute, controversy or claim arising between the parties relating to this Agreement (whether such dispute arises under any federal, state or local statute or regulation, or at common law), shall be resolved by final and binding arbitration administered in accordance with the then-current commercial arbitration rules of FINRA in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (including the governing law provisions of this Agreement and pursuant to the Federal Arbitration Act (9 U.S.C. §§ 1 – 16). The parties will request that the arbitrator or arbitration panel (“Arbitrator”) issue written findings of fact and conclusions of law. The Arbitrator shall not be empowered to make any award or render any judgment for punitive damages, and the Arbitrator shall be required to follow applicable law in construing this Agreement, making awards, and rendering judgments. The decision of the arbitration panel shall be final and binding, and judgment upon any arbitration award may be entered by any court having jurisdiction. All arbitration hearings will be held at the New York City FINRA District Office or at another mutually agreed upon site. The parties may agree on a single arbitrator, or, if the parties cannot so agree, each party will have the right to choose one arbitrator, and the selected arbitrators will choose a third arbitrator. Each arbitrator must have experience and education that qualify him or her to competently address the specific issues to be designated for arbitration. Notwithstanding the preceding, no party will be prevented from immediately seeking provisional remedies in courts of competent jurisdiction, including but not limited to, temporary restraining orders and preliminary injunctions, but such remedies will not be sought as a means to avoid or stay arbitration.

 

XV.Termination; Entire Agreement; Amendment; Survival

 

Dealer will suspend or terminate its offer and sale of Shares upon the request of the Company or the Dealer Manager at any time and will resume its offer and sale of Shares hereunder upon subsequent request of the Company or the Dealer Manager. Any party may terminate this Agreement by written notice, and any such termination shall be effective 48 hours after the mailing or other transmission of such notice by the methods provided in Section XVII below. This Agreement shall automatically terminate upon notice to the Dealer of the termination of the Dealer Manager Agreement.

 

This Agreement is the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, if any, between the parties hereto.

 

This Agreement may be amended at any time by the Dealer Manager by written notice to Dealer, and any such amendment to this Agreement, or any amendment to the Dealer Manager Agreement, shall be deemed accepted by Dealer upon placement of an order for sale of Shares by such Dealer’s customer after Dealer has received such notice.

 

The respective agreements and obligations of the Dealer Manager and Dealer set forth in Sections IV, VI, VII, and XIII through XVIII of this Agreement shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of the termination of this Agreement.

 

A-8

 

 

XVI.Use of Company and BGO Names

 

Except as expressly provided herein, nothing herein shall be deemed to constitute waiver by the Dealer Manager of any consent that would otherwise be required under this Agreement or applicable law prior to the use by Dealer of the name or identifying marks of the Company, the Dealer Manager, “BentallGreenOak” or “BGO” (together, “BGO Names”) (or any combination or derivation thereof). The Dealer Manager reserves the right to withdraw its consent to the use of the Company’s name at any time and to request to review any materials generated by Dealer that use the Company’s name or mark or BGO Names (or any combination or derivation thereof). Any such consent is expressly subject to the continuation of this Agreement and shall terminate with the termination of this Agreement as provided herein.

 

XVII.Notice

 

Notices and other writings contemplated by this Agreement shall be delivered via (i) hand, (ii) first class registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, (iii) a nationally recognized overnight courier or (iv) electronic mail. All such notices shall be addressed, as follows:

 

If to the Dealer Manager:

 

BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC

Attn: Matthew Campbell

399 Park Avenue

18th Floor

New York, NY 10022

Email: Matthew.Campbell@BentallGreenOak.com

 

If to Dealer:

 

To the address specified by Dealer herein.

 

XVIII.Attorney’s Fees and Applicable Law

 

In any action to enforce the provisions of this Agreement or to secure damages for its breach, the prevailing party shall recover its costs and reasonable attorney’s fees. This Agreement shall be construed under the laws of the State of New York and shall take effect when signed by Dealer and countersigned by the Dealer Manager. Venue for any action (including arbitration) shall lie exclusively in New York, New York.

 

XIX.No Partnership

 

Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed or interpreted to constitute Dealer as an employee, agent or representative of, or in association with or in partnership with, the Dealer Manager, the Company or the other Dealers; instead, this Agreement shall only constitute Dealer as a dealer authorized by the Dealer Manager to sell the Shares according to the terms set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus as amended and supplemented and in this Agreement.

 

XX.ERISA Matters

 

The parties agree as follows:

 

(a)            To the extent Dealer (or its registered representatives) uses or relies on any of the information, tools and materials that the Dealer Manager Parties, the Company, the Adviser, the sponsor of the Company or each of their respective affiliates and related parties (collectively, the “Company Parties”) provides directly to Dealer (or its registered representatives), without direct charge, for use in connection with Dealer’s “Retirement Customers” (which include a plan, plan fiduciary, plan participant or beneficiary, individual retirement account (“IRA”) or IRA owner, in any case subject to Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”) and/or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”)), Dealer will act as a “fiduciary” under ERISA and/or the Code (as applicable) with respect to any advice provided to its Retirement Customers, and as such will be responsible for exercising independent judgment in evaluating the retirement account transaction.

 

A-9

 

 

(b)            Certain of the Company Parties have financial interests associated with the purchase of Shares of the Company, including the fees, expense reimbursements and other payments they anticipate receiving in connection with the purchase of Shares of the Company, as described in the Prospectus.

 

(c)            Dealer is independent of the Dealer Manager Parties and neither the Dealer Manager nor any of the Company Parties is undertaking to provide impartial investment advice to Dealer or its Retirement Customers, and accordingly the Company Parties will not be acting as a fiduciary under ERISA and/or the Code (as applicable) with respect to any Retirement Customers.

 

XXI.Electronic Signatures and Electronic Delivery of Documents

 

(a)            Electronic Signatures. If Dealer has adopted or adopts a process by which persons may authorize certain account-related transactions and/or requests, in whole or in part, by “Electronic Signature” (as such term is defined by the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, and applicable rules, regulations and/or guidance relating to the use of electronic signatures issued by the SEC, FINRA and NASAA including, as applicable, the Electronic Signature Law), to the extent the Company allows the use of Electronic Signature, in whole or in part, Dealer represents that: (i) each Electronic Signature will be genuine; (ii) each Electronic Signature will represent the signature of the person required to sign the Subscription Agreement or other form to which such Electronic Signature is affixed; (iii) Dealer will comply with all applicable the terms of the Electronic Signature Law; and (iv) Dealer agrees to the Electronic Signature Use Indemnity Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B.

 

(b)            Electronic Delivery. If Dealer intends to use electronic delivery to distribute the Prospectus or other documents related to the Company to any person, Dealer will comply with all applicable rules, regulations and/or guidance relating to the electronic delivery of documents issued by the SEC, FINRA, NASAA and individual state securities administrators and any other applicable laws or regulations related to the electronic delivery of offering documents including, as appropriate, Electronic Signature Law. In particular, and without limitation, Dealer shall comply with the requirement under certain Statements of Policy adopted by NASAA that a sale of Shares shall not be completed until at least five business days after the Prospectus has been delivered to the investor. Dealer shall obtain and document its receipt of the informed consent to receive documents electronically of persons, which documentation shall be maintained by Dealer and made available to the Company and/or the Dealer Manager upon request.

 

A-10

 

 

THE DEALER MANAGER:

 

BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC

 

   
   
Date:  
   
   

 

We have read the foregoing Agreement and we hereby accept and agree to the terms and conditions therein set forth. We hereby represent that the list below of jurisdictions in which we are registered or licensed as a broker or dealer and are fully authorized to sell securities is true and correct, and we agree to advise you of any change in such list during the term of this Agreement.

 

1.IDENTITY OF DEALER:

 

Company  
Name:    

 

Type of  
entity:            
(Corporation, Partnership or Proprietorship)  

 

Organized in  
The State of:    

 

Licensed as broker-dealer in all States: Yes            No

All States:

If no, list all States

licensed

as broker-dealer:    
     
   

 

Tax ID #:    

 

2.Person to receive notices delivered pursuant to the Participating Dealer Agreement.

 

Name:   

 

Company:   

 

Address:   

 

City, State

and Zip:    

 

Telephone:   

 

Fax:   

 

Email:   

 

A-11

 

 

AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED BY DEALER:  
   
   
(Dealer’s Firm Name)  
   
By:    
  Signature  
     
Name:      
     
Title:    
     
Date:    

 

A-12

 

 

SCHEDULE I
ADDENDUM
TO
PARTICIPATING DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
[                      ]

 

Name of Dealer:

 

The following reflects the selling commissions, dealer manager fees and Servicing Fees as agreed upon between BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC (the “Dealer Manager”) and Dealer, effective as of the effective date of the Participating Dealer Agreement (the “Agreement”) between the Dealer Manager and Dealer in connection with the offering of Shares of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (the “Company”).

 

Upfront Selling Commissions

 

Except as may be provided in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus, which may be amended or supplemented from time to time, as compensation for completed sales (as defined below) by Dealer of Class T Primary Shares, Class S Primary Shares and Class D Primary Shares that Dealer is authorized to sell and for services rendered by Dealer hereunder, the Dealer Manager shall reallow to Dealer an upfront selling commission in an amount up to the percentage set forth below of the transaction price per share on such completed sales of Class T Primary Shares, Class S Primary Shares and Class D Primary Shares, as applicable, by Dealer. Dealer shall not receive selling commissions for sales of any DRIP Shares, or for sales of any Class I shares, whether in the Primary Offering or pursuant to the DRIP. For purposes of this Schedule I, a “completed sale” shall occur if and only if a transaction has closed with a subscriber for Shares pursuant to all applicable offering and subscription documents, payment for the Shares has been received by the Company in full in the manner provided in Section II of the Agreement, the Company has accepted the subscription agreement of such subscriber and the Company has thereafter distributed the selling commission to the Dealer Manager in connection with such transaction.

 

Dealer may withhold the selling commissions to which it is entitled pursuant to the Agreement, this Schedule I and the Prospectus from the purchase price for the Shares in the Offering and forward the balance to the Company or its agent as set forth in the Subscription Agreement if it represents to the Dealer Manager that: (i) Dealer is legally permitted to do so; and (ii) (A) Dealer meets all applicable net capital requirements under the rules of FINRA or other applicable rules regarding such an arrangement; (B) Dealer has forwarded the Subscription Agreement to the Company or its agent within the time required under Section II, and received the Company’s written acceptance of the subscription prior to forwarding the purchase price for the Shares, net of the selling commissions to which Dealer is entitled, to the Company or its agent; and (C) Dealer has verified that there are sufficient funds in the investor’s account with Dealer to cover the entire cost of the subscription. Dealer shall wire such subscription funds to the Company or its agent as set forth in the Subscription Agreement by the end of the second business day following receipt of the Company’s written acceptance of the subscription.

 

Dealer Manager Fees

 

Except as may be provided in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus, which may be amended or supplemented from time to time, as compensation for completed sales by Dealer of Class T Primary Shares that Dealer is authorized to sell and for services rendered by Dealer hereunder, the Dealer Manager shall reallow to Dealer a dealer manager fee in an amount up to the percentage set forth below of the transaction price per share on such completed sales of Class T Primary Shares by Dealer. Dealer shall not receive dealer manager fees for sales of any DRIP Shares, or for sales of any Class S, Class D or Class I shares, whether in the Primary Offering or pursuant to the DRIP.

 

Dealer shall be responsible for implementing the volume discounts described in or as otherwise provided in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus. Requests to combine purchase orders of Class T shares or Class S shares as a part of a combined order for the purpose of qualifying for discounts as described in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus must be made in writing by Dealer, and any resulting reduction in selling commissions and/or dealer manager fees will be prorated among the separate subscribers.

 

 

 

 

Terms and Conditions of the Servicing Fees

 

The payment of the Servicing Fee to Dealer is subject to terms and conditions set forth herein and the Prospectus as may be amended or supplemented from time to time. If Dealer elects to sell Class T shares, Class S shares or Class D shares, eligibility to receive the Servicing Fee with respect to the Class T shares, Class S shares or Class D shares, as applicable, sold by Dealer is conditioned upon Dealer acting and continuing to act as broker-dealer of record with respect to such Shares and complying with the requirements set forth below, including providing stockholder and account maintenance services with respect to such Shares. For the avoidance of doubt, such services are non-distribution services, other than those primarily intended to result in the sale of Shares.

 

(i)            the existence of an effective Participating Dealer Agreement or ongoing Servicing Agreement between the Dealer Manager and Dealer, and (ii) the provision of services with respect to the Class T shares, Class S shares or Class D shares, as applicable, by Dealer, which may include one or more, without limitation and as appropriate, of the following:

 

1.            assistance with recordkeeping, including maintaining records for and on behalf of Dealer’s customers reflecting transactions and balances of Shares owned,

 

2.            transmitting stockholder communications to its customers from the Company or the Dealer Manager, including the Prospectus, annual and periodic reports, and proxy statements,

 

3.            establishing an account and providing ongoing account maintenance,

 

4.            assistance with and answering investor inquiries regarding the Company, including distribution payments and reinvestment decisions,

 

5.            helping investors understand their investments,

 

6.            share repurchase requests,

 

7.            assistance with Share conversion processing, or

 

8.            providing such other similar services as the stockholder may reasonably require in connection with its investment in the class of Shares.

 

With respect to Class T shares, the financial advisor of Dealer responsible for the sale of such Class T shares is expected to provide one or more of the services listed in items 3 through 8 above. In connection with this provision, Dealer agrees to reasonably cooperate to provide certification to the Company, the Dealer Manager, and its agents (including its auditors) confirming the provision of services to each particular class of stockholders upon reasonable request.

 

Dealer hereby represents by its acceptance of each payment of the Servicing Fee that it complies with each of the above requirements and is providing the above-described services. Dealer agrees to promptly notify Dealer Manager if it is no longer the broker-dealer of record with respect to some or all of the Class T, Class S or Class D shares giving rise to such Servicing Fees and/or if it no longer satisfies any or all of the conditions set forth above.

 

Subject to the conditions described herein, the Dealer Manager will reallow to Dealer the Servicing Fee in an amount described below, on Class T shares, Class S shares or Class D shares, as applicable, sold by Dealer. To the extent payable, the Servicing Fee will accrue monthly based on the Company’s then-current NAV of the Shares of such class and will be payable quarterly in arrears as provided in the Prospectus. All determinations regarding the total amount and rate of reallowance of the Servicing Fee, Dealer’s compliance with the listed conditions, and/or the portion retained by the Dealer Manager will be made by the Dealer Manager in its sole discretion.

 

2

 

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to the terms of the Prospectus, upon the date when the Dealer Manager is notified that Dealer is no longer the broker-dealer of record with respect to such Class T, Class S or Class D shares or that Dealer no longer satisfies any or all of the conditions set forth above, then Dealer’s entitlement to the Servicing Fees related to such Class T, Class S or Class D shares, as applicable, shall cease, and Dealer shall not receive the Servicing Fee for any portion of the month in which Dealer is not eligible on the last day of the month; provided, however, if there is a change in the broker-dealer of record with respect to the Class T, Class S or Class D shares, as applicable, made in connection with a change in the registration of record for the Class T, Class S or Class D shares on the Company’s books and records (including, but not limited to, a reregistration due to a sale or a transfer or a change in the form of ownership of the account), then Dealer shall be entitled to a pro rata portion of the Servicing Fees related to the Class T, Class S or Class D shares, as applicable, for the portion of the month for which Dealer was the broker-dealer of record.

 

Thereafter, such Servicing Fees may be reallowed to the then-current broker-dealer of record of the Class T, Class S or Class D shares, as applicable, if any such broker-dealer of record has been designated (the “Servicing Dealer”), to the extent such Servicing Dealer has entered into a Participating Dealer Agreement or similar agreement with the Dealer Manager (“Servicing Agreement”) and such Participating Dealer Agreement or Servicing Agreement with the Servicing Dealer provides for such reallowance. In this regard, all determinations will be made by the Dealer Manager in good faith in its sole discretion. Dealer is not entitled to any Servicing Fee with respect to Class I shares. The Dealer Manager may also reallow some or all of the Servicing Fee to other broker-dealers who provide services with respect to the Shares (who shall be considered additional Servicing Dealers) pursuant to a Servicing Agreement with the Dealer Manager to the extent such Servicing Agreement provides for such reallowance and such additional Servicing Dealer is in compliance with the terms of such agreement related to such reallowance, in accordance with the terms of such Servicing Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the Dealer Manager may waive the Servicing Fee to the extent the Dealer or Servicing Dealer no longer provides services with respect to the Shares.

 

The Company and the Dealer Manager shall cease paying the Servicing Fee with respect to any Class T share, Class S share or Class D share purchased in the Primary Offering and held in a stockholder’s account at the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total selling commissions, dealer manager fees and Servicing Fees paid with respect to the shares held within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under the DRIP with respect thereto) or, solely with respect to Class T shares, a lower limit as set forth in this Schedule I to the Participating Dealer Agreement between the Dealer Manager and the applicable Dealer in effect on the date upon which such Class T shares were sold. At such time as such threshold has been reached, such Class T share, Class S share or Class D share (and any shares issued under the DRIP with respect thereto) held in a stockholder’s account will convert into a number of Class I shares (including any fractional shares) with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such share. In addition, the Company and the Dealer Manager will cease paying the Servicing Fee on Class T shares, Class S shares and Class D shares in connection with this Offering upon the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Class I shares, (ii) the merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets in each case in a transaction in which stockholders receive cash and/or securities listed on a national stock exchange or (iii) the date following the completion of this Offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this Offering, including selling commissions, dealer manager fees, the Servicing Fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to ten percent (10%) of the gross proceeds from Primary Shares sold in this Offering, as determined in good faith by the Dealer Manager in its sole discretion. For purposes of this Schedule I, the portion of the Servicing Fee accruing with respect to Class T, Class S and Class D shares of the Company’s common stock issued (publicly or privately) by the Company during the term of a particular Offering, and not issued pursuant to a prior Offering, shall be underwriting compensation with respect to such particular Offering and not with respect to any other Offering.

 

General

 

Selling commissions, dealer manager fees and Servicing Fees due to Dealer pursuant to this Agreement will be paid to Dealer within 30 days after receipt by the Dealer Manager. Dealer, in its sole discretion, may authorize Dealer Manager to deposit selling commissions, dealer manager fees, Servicing Fees or other payments due to it pursuant to this Agreement directly to its bank account. If Dealer so elects, Dealer shall provide such deposit authorization and instructions in Schedule II to this Agreement.

 

3

 

 

The parties hereby agree that the foregoing selling commissions and reallowed dealer manager fees and Servicing Fee are not in excess of the usual and customary distributors’ or sellers’ commission received in the sale of securities similar to the Primary Shares, that Dealer’s interest in the offering is limited to such selling commissions and reallowed dealer manager fees and Servicing Fee from the Dealer Manager and Dealer’s indemnity referred to in Section 4 of the Dealer Manager Agreement, and that the Company is not liable or responsible for the direct payment of such selling commissions and reallowed dealer manager fees and Servicing Fee to Dealer.

 

Except as otherwise described under “Upfront Selling Commissions” above, Dealer waives any and all rights to receive compensation, including the dealer manager fees and Servicing Fee, until it is paid to and received by the Dealer Manager. Dealer acknowledges and agrees that, if the Company pays selling commissions, dealer manager fees or Servicing Fees, as applicable, to the Dealer Manager, the Company is relieved of any obligation for selling commissions, dealer manager fees or Servicing Fees, as applicable, to Dealer. The Company may rely on and use the preceding acknowledgement as a defense against any claim by Dealer for selling commissions, dealer manager fees or Servicing Fees, as applicable, the Company pays to Dealer Manager but that Dealer Manager fails to remit to Dealer. Dealer affirms that the Dealer Manager’s liability for selling commissions and dealer manager fees payable and the Servicing Fee is limited solely to the proceeds of selling commissions, dealer manager fees and the Servicing Fee, as applicable, receivable from the Company and Dealer hereby waives any and all rights to receive payment of selling commissions or any reallowance of dealer manager fees or the Servicing Fee, as applicable, due until such time as the Dealer Manager is in receipt of the selling commission, dealer manager fee or Servicing Fee, as applicable, from the Company. Notwithstanding the above, Dealer affirms that, to the extent Dealer retains selling commissions as described above under “Upfront Selling Commissions,” neither the Company nor the Dealer Manager shall have liability for selling commissions payable to Dealer, and that Dealer is solely responsible for retaining the selling commissions due to Dealer from the subscription funds received by Dealer from its customers for the purchase of Shares in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Dealer will not be entitled to receive any selling commissions, dealer manager fees or Servicing Fee which would cause the aggregate amount of selling commissions, dealer manager fees, Servicing Fees and other forms of underwriting compensation (as defined in accordance with applicable FINRA rules) paid from any source in connection with this Offering to exceed ten percent (10.0%) of the gross proceeds raised from the sale of Shares in the Primary Offering.

 

Due Diligence

 

In addition, as set forth in the Prospectus and as permitted under applicable law, rule and regulation, from time to time the Dealer Manager or, in certain cases at the option of the Company, the Company, in its discretion, may elect to pay or reimburse Dealer for reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses incurred by Dealer in connection with the Offering and approved in advance in writing by the Dealer Manager. Such due diligence expenses may include travel, lodging, meals and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Dealer and its personnel when visiting the Company’s offices or properties to verify information relating to the Company or its properties. Dealer shall provide a detailed and itemized invoice for any such due diligence expenses and shall obtain the prior written approval from the Dealer Manager for such expenses, and no such expenses shall be reimbursed absent a detailed and itemized invoice. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no such payment will be made if such payment would cause the aggregate of such reimbursements to Dealer and other broker-dealers, together with all other organization and offering expenses, to exceed 15% of the Company’s gross proceeds from the Offering. All such reimbursements will be made in accordance with, and subject to the restrictions and limitations imposed under the Prospectus, FINRA rules and other applicable laws and regulations.

 

4

 

 

Share Class Election

 

CHECK EACH APPLICABLE BOX BELOW IF DEALER ELECTS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE LISTED SHARE CLASS

 

¨ Class T Shares                    ¨ Class S Shares                    ¨ Class D Shares                    ¨ Class I Shares

 

The following reflects the selling commission and/or the Servicing Fee as agreed upon between the Dealer Manager and Dealer for the applicable Share Class.

 

(           ) Initials Upfront Selling Commission of up to 3.0% of the transaction price per Class T share sold in the Primary Offering* By initialing here, Dealer hereby agrees to the terms of the Agreement and this Schedule I with respect to the Class T shares.
     
(           ) Initials Dealer Manager Fee of up to 0.5% of the transaction price per Class T share sold in the Primary Offering* By initialing here, Dealer hereby agrees to the terms of the Agreement and this Schedule I with respect to the Class T shares.
     
(           ) Initials Servicing Fee of 0.85% (Annualized Rate) of aggregate NAV of outstanding Class T shares, consisting of an investment professional stockholder servicing fee of 0.65% (Annualized Rate), and a dealer stockholder servicing fee of 0.20% (Annualized Rate), of the aggregate NAV of outstanding Class T shares. By initialing here, Dealer agrees to the terms of eligibility for the Servicing Fee set forth in this Schedule I.  Should Dealer choose to opt out of this provision, it will not be eligible to receive the Servicing Fee and initialing is not necessary.  Dealer represents by its acceptance of each payment of the Servicing Fee that it complies with each of the above requirements.
     
(           ) Initials Upfront Selling Commission of up to 3.5% of the transaction price per Class S share sold in the Primary Offering* By initialing here, Dealer hereby agrees to the terms of the Agreement and this Schedule I with respect to the Class S shares.
     
(           ) Initials Servicing Fee of 0.85% (Annualized Rate) of aggregate NAV of outstanding Class S shares By initialing here, Dealer agrees to the terms of eligibility for the Servicing Fee set forth in this Schedule I.  Should Dealer choose to opt out of this provision, it will not be eligible to receive the Servicing Fee and initialing is not necessary.  Dealer represents by its acceptance of each payment of the Servicing Fee that it complies with each of the above requirements.
     
(           ) Initials Upfront Selling Commission of up to 1.5% of the transaction price per Class D share sold in the Primary Offering* By initialing here, Dealer hereby agrees to the terms of the Agreement and this Schedule I with respect to the Class D shares.
     
(           ) Initials Servicing Fee of 0.25% (Annualized Rate) of aggregate NAV of outstanding Class D shares By initialing here, Dealer agrees to the terms of eligibility for the Servicing Fee set forth in this Schedule I.  Should Dealer choose to opt out of this provision, it will not be eligible to receive the Servicing Fee and initialing is not necessary.  Dealer represents by its acceptance of each payment of the Servicing Fee that it complies with each of the above requirements.
     
(           ) Initials A cap on the total selling commissions, dealer manager fees and Servicing Fees paid with respect to the shares held within a stockholder’s account of _____% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under the DRIP with respect thereto). By initialing here, Dealer hereby agrees to the terms of the Agreement and this Schedule I with respect to a cap of less than 8.75% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares (including the gross proceeds of any shares issued under the DRIP with respect thereto) on the total selling commissions, dealer manager fees and Servicing Fees paid with respect to the Class T shares held in a stockholder’s account and sold pursuant to the Agreement and this Schedule I.  Should Dealer choose to opt out of this provision, the cap will be 8.75% and initialing is not necessary.

 

 

*Subject to discounts described in the “Plan of Distribution” section of the Prospectus.

 

5

 

 

WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Addendum to be executed as of the date first written above.

 

  “DEALER MANAGER”
   
  BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
   
  By:  
    Name:    
    Title:  

 

“DEALER”  
   
   
(Print Name of Dealer)  
   
By:    
  Name:      
  Title:    

 

 

 

 

SCHEDULE II
TO
PARTICIPATING DEALER AGREEMENT WITH
[                     ]

 

NAME OF ISSUER: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

 

NAME OF DEALER:

 

SCHEDULE TO AGREEMENT DATED:

 

Dealer hereby authorizes the Dealer Manager or its agent to deposit selling commissions, Servicing Fees, and other payments due to it pursuant to the Participating Dealer Agreement to its bank account specified below. This authority will remain in force until Dealer notifies the Dealer Manager in writing to cancel it. In the event that the Dealer Manager or its agent deposits funds erroneously into Dealer’s account, the Dealer Manager or its agent is authorized to debit the account with no prior notice to Dealer for an amount not to exceed the amount of the erroneous deposit.

 

Bank Name:    
     
Bank Address:    
     
     
     
     
     
Bank Routing Number:      
     
Account Number:    

 

“DEALER”    
   
   
(Print Name of Dealer)  
   
By:    
  Name:      
  Title:    
  Date:    

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

TO FORM OF PARTICIPATING DEALER AGREEMENT

 

Dealer Manager Agreement

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT B

 

TO FORM OF PARTICIPATING DEALER AGREEMENT

 

Electronic Signature Use Indemnity Agreement

 

Dealer has adopted a process by which clients may authorize certain account-related transactions or requests, in whole or in part, evidenced by Electronic Signature (as such term is defined in Section XXI hereof). In consideration of the Company allowing Dealer and its clients to execute certain account-related transactions and/or requests, in whole or in part, by Electronic Signature, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, Dealer does hereby, for itself and its successors and permitted assigns, covenant and agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the Dealer Manager Parties, each of their affiliates and each of their and their affiliates’ officers, directors, trustees, agents and employees, in whatever capacity they may act, from and against any and all claims (whether groundless or otherwise), losses, liabilities, damages and expenses, including, but not limited to, costs, disbursements and reasonable counsel fees (whether incurred in connection with such claims, losses, liabilities, damages and expenses or in connection with the enforcement of any rights hereunder), arising out of or in connection with the Dealer’s representations or covenants set forth in Section XXI hereof or the representations described below.

 

The Dealer represents that it will comply with all applicable terms of Electronic Signature Law as outlined in Section XXI hereof. Dealer represents that the Company may accept any Electronic Signature without any responsibility to verify or authenticate that it is the signature of Dealer’s client given with such client’s prior authorization and consent. Dealer represents that the Company may act in accordance with the instructions authorized by Electronic Signature without any responsibility to verify that Dealer’s client intended to give the Electronic Signature for the purpose of authorizing the instruction, transaction or request and that Dealer’s client received all disclosures required by applicable Electronic Signature Law. Dealer agrees to provide a copy of each Electronic Signature and further evidence supporting any Electronic Signature upon request by the Company.

 

 

 

EX-3.1 3 tm2226053d12_ex3-1.htm EXHIBIT 3.1

 

Exhibit 3.1

 

BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

 

FIRST: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), desires to amend and restate its charter as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended.

 

SECOND: The following provisions are all the provisions of the charter currently in effect and as hereinafter amended:

 

ARTICLE I

 

NAME

 

The name of the corporation (which is hereinafter called the “Corporation”) is:

 

BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

 

ARTICLE II

 

PURPOSES AND POWERS

 

The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity (including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the “Code”)) for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.

 

ARTICLE III

 

PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN STATE AND RESIDENT AGENT

 

The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o The Corporation Trust Incorporated, 2405 York Road, Suite 201, Lutherville Timonium, Maryland 21093-2264. The name and address of the resident agent of the Corporation are The Corporation Trust Incorporated, 2405 York Road, Suite 201, Lutherville Timonium, Maryland 21093-2264. The resident agent is a Maryland corporation.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

DEFINITIONS

 

As used in the Charter, the following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context otherwise requires:

 

 

 

 

“Acquisition Expenses” shall mean any and all expenses, exclusive of Acquisition Fees, incurred by the Corporation, the Adviser or any Affiliate of either in connection with the selection and acquisition of any assets, whether or not acquired, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees and expenses and title insurance premiums and the costs of performing due diligence.

 

“Acquisition Fee” shall mean any and all fees and commissions, exclusive of Acquisition Expenses, paid by any Person to any other Person (including any fees or commissions paid by or to any Affiliate of the Corporation or the Adviser) in connection with making or investing in Mortgages or Real Estate-Related Securities or the purchase, development or construction of a Property, including real estate commissions, selection fees, Development Fees, Construction Fees, nonrecurring management fees, loan fees, points or any other fees of a similar nature. Excluded shall be Development Fees and Construction Fees paid to any Person not affiliated with the Sponsor in connection with the actual development and construction of a project.

 

“Adviser” shall mean the Person responsible for directing or performing the day-to-day business affairs of the Corporation, including any Person to whom the Adviser subcontracts all or substantially all of such functions.

 

“Advisory Agreement” shall mean the agreement between the Corporation and the Adviser pursuant to which the Adviser will direct or perform the day-to-day business affairs of the Corporation.

 

“Affiliate” shall mean, with respect to any Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with the power to vote, 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person, including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.

 

“Aggregate Share Ownership Limit” shall mean 9.9%, in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate of the outstanding Shares, or such other percentage determined by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 6.1.8 of the Charter.

 

“Asset” of the Corporation shall mean any Property, Mortgage, Real Estate-Related Securities or other asset owned by the Corporation, directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates.

 

“Average Invested Assets” shall mean, for a specified period, the average of the aggregate book value of the Assets of the Corporation invested, directly or indirectly, in equity interests in and loans secured by real estate, including all Properties, Mortgages and Real Estate-Related Securities and consolidated and unconsolidated Joint Ventures or other partnerships, before deducting depreciation, amortization, impairments, bad debt reserves or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.

 

2

 

 

“Beneficial Ownership” shall mean ownership of Shares by a Person, whether the interest in Shares is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B) of the Code. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

“Bidder” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.7(a) herein.

 

“Board” or “Board of Directors” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

 

“Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

 

“Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Corporation, as amended from time to time.

 

“Charitable Beneficiary” shall mean one or more beneficiaries of the Charitable Trust as determined pursuant to Section 6.2.6, provided that each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.

 

“Charitable Trust” shall mean any trust provided for in Section 6.2.1.

 

“Charitable Trustee” shall mean the Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and a Prohibited Owner that is appointed by the Corporation to serve as Trustee of the Charitable Trust.

 

“Charter” shall mean the charter of the Corporation.

 

“Class D Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

“Class D Conversion Rate” shall mean the fraction, the numerator of which is the Class D NAV Per Share and the denominator of which is the Class I NAV Per Share.

 

“Class D NAV Per Share” shall mean the net asset value of the Corporation allocable to the Class D Common Shares (including any reduction for Stockholder Servicing Fees as described in the Prospectus), determined as described in the Prospectus, divided by the number of outstanding Class D Common Shares.

 

“Class E Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

“Class E Conversion Rate” shall mean the fraction, the numerator of which is the Class E NAV Per Share and the denominator of which is the Class I NAV Per Share.

 

“Class E NAV Per Share” shall mean the net asset value of the Corporation allocable to the Class E Common Shares, determined as described in the Prospectus, divided by the number of outstanding Class E Common Shares.

 

“Class I Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

3

 

 

“Class I NAV Per Share” shall mean the net asset value of the Corporation allocable to the Class I Common Shares, determined as described in the Prospectus, divided by the number of outstanding Class I Common Shares.

 

“Class T Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

“Class T Conversion Rate” shall mean the fraction, the numerator of which is the Class T NAV Per Share and the denominator of which is the Class I NAV Per Share.

 

“Class T NAV Per Share” shall mean the net asset value of the Corporation allocable to the Class T Common Shares (including any reduction for Stockholder Servicing Fees as described in the Prospectus), determined as described in the Prospectus, divided by the number of outstanding Class T Common Shares.

 

“Class S Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

“Class S Conversion Rate” shall mean the fraction, the numerator of which is the Class S NAV Per Share and the denominator of which is the Class I NAV Per Share.

 

“Class S NAV Per Share” shall mean the net asset value of the Corporation allocable to the Class S Common Shares (including any reduction for Stockholder Servicing Fees as described in the Prospectus), determined as described in the Prospectus, divided by the number of outstanding Class S Common Shares.

 

“Code” shall have the meaning as provided in Article II herein.

 

“Commencement of the Initial Public Offering” shall mean the date that the SEC declares effective the registration statement filed under the Securities Act for the Initial Public Offering.

 

“Common Share Ownership Limit” shall mean 9.9% (in value or in number of Common Shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding Common Shares, or such other percentage determined by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 6.1.8 of the Charter.

 

“Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

“Competitive Real Estate Commission” shall mean a real estate or brokerage commission paid for the purchase or Sale of a Property that is reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the Property.

 

“Construction Fee” shall mean a fee or other remuneration for acting as general contractor and/or construction manager to construct improvements, supervise and coordinate projects or provide major repairs or rehabilitations on a Property.

 

4

 

 

“Constructive Ownership” shall mean ownership of Shares by a Person, whether the interest in Shares is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

“Contract Purchase Price” shall mean the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a Property or the amount of funds advanced with respect to a Mortgage, or the amount actually paid or allocated in respect of the purchase of other Assets of the Corporation, in each case exclusive of Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses.

 

“Corporation” shall have the meaning as provided in Article I herein.

 

“Dealer Manager” shall mean such Person selected by the Board to act as the dealer manager for an Offering.

 

“Development Fee” shall mean a fee for the packaging of a Property, including the negotiation and approval of plans, and any assistance in obtaining zoning and necessary variances and financing for a specific Property, either initially or at a later date.

 

“Directors” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 7.1 herein.

 

“Distributions” shall mean any distributions (as such term is defined in Section 2-301 of the MGCL), pursuant to Section 5.5 hereof, by the Corporation to owners of Shares, including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.

 

“Excepted Holder” shall mean a Stockholder for whom an Excepted Holder Limit is created by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 6.1.7.

 

“Excepted Holder Limit” shall mean, provided that the affected Excepted Holder agrees to comply with the requirements established by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 6.1.7 and subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 6.1.8, the percentage limit established by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 6.1.7.

 

“Excess Amount” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 8.8 herein.

 

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.

 

“FINRA” shall mean the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

 

“GAAP” shall mean U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

“Gross Proceeds” shall mean the aggregate purchase price of all Shares sold for the account of the Corporation through an Offering, without deduction for Selling Commissions. Solely for the purpose of computing Gross Proceeds in Section 5.2.2(c), the purchase price of any Class D Common Share, Class E Common Share, Class I Common Share, Class S Common Share or Class T Common Share shall be deemed to be the full, non-discounted offering price at the time of purchase of each such Share.

 

5

 

 

“Indemnitee” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 12.2(b) herein.

 

“Independent Appraiser” shall mean a Person with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with the Adviser or the Directors and who is engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of Real Property and/or other Assets of the type held by the Corporation. Membership in a nationally recognized appraisal society such as the Appraisal Institute shall be conclusive evidence of being engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of Real Property.

 

“Independent Director” shall mean a Director who is not, and within the last two years has not been, directly or indirectly associated with the Sponsor or the Adviser by virtue of (i) ownership of an interest in the Sponsor, the Adviser or any of their Affiliates; (ii) employment by the Sponsor, the Adviser or any of their Affiliates; (iii) service as an officer or director of the Sponsor, the Adviser or any of their Affiliates; (iv) performance of services, other than as a Director, for the Corporation; (v) service as a director or trustee of more than three REITs organized by the Sponsor or advised by the Adviser; or (vi) maintenance of a material business or professional relationship with the Sponsor, the Adviser or any of their Affiliates. A business or professional relationship is considered “material” if the aggregate gross income derived by the Director from the Sponsor, the Adviser and their Affiliates exceeds 5% of either the Director’s annual gross income, derived from all sources, during either of the last two years or the Director’s net worth on a fair market value basis. An indirect association with the Sponsor or the Adviser shall include circumstances in which a Director’s spouse, parent, child, sibling, mother- or father-in-law, son- or daughter-in-law or brother- or sister-in-law is or has been associated with the Sponsor, the Adviser, any of their Affiliates or the Corporation.

 

“Initial Date” shall mean the date on which Shares are first issued in the Initial Public Offering; provided, however, that following any Restriction Termination Date, the term “Initial Date” shall mean the earlier to occur of the date on which (i) the Corporation files, and the SDAT accepts for record, a Certificate of Notice, or (ii) the Corporation files with the SEC a Current Report on Form 8-K, in either case setting forth the determination of the Board of Directors that it is in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to qualify or requalify as a REIT.

 

“Initial Investment” shall mean that portion (i.e., $200,000) of the initial capitalization of the Corporation contributed by the Sponsor or its Affiliates pursuant to Section II.A. of the NASAA REIT Guidelines.

 

“Initial Public Offering” shall mean the first Public Offering.

 

“Invested Capital” shall mean the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of Shares purchased by Stockholders by the issue price of such Shares at the time of such purchase, reduced by the portion of any Distribution that is attributable to net sales proceeds and by any amounts paid by the Corporation to repurchase Shares pursuant to the Corporation’s plan for the repurchase of Shares.

 

“Joint Ventures” shall mean those joint venture or partnership arrangements (other than the Operating Partnership) in which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries is a co-venturer or partner established to acquire or hold Assets of the Corporation.

 

6

 

 

“Leverage” shall mean the aggregate amount of indebtedness of the Corporation for money borrowed (including purchase money mortgage loans) outstanding at any time, both secured and unsecured.

 

“Listing” shall mean the listing of any or all of the Common Shares on a national securities exchange. Upon such Listing, the Common Shares shall be deemed Listed.

 

“Market Price” on any date shall mean, with respect to any class or series of outstanding Shares, the Closing Price for such Shares on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date shall mean the last sale price for such Shares, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such Shares, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or, if such Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such Shares are listed or admitted to trading or, if such Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the principal automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if such Shares are not quoted by any such system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such Shares selected by the Board of Directors or, in the event that no trading price is available for such Shares, the net asset value of such Shares as most recently disclosed by the Corporation.

 

“MGCL” shall mean the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time.

 

“Minimum Account Balance” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.9 herein.

 

“Mortgages” shall mean, in connection with any mortgage financing that the Corporation makes or invests in, all of the notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations, which are secured or collateralized by Real Property owned by the borrowers under such notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations.

 

“NASAA REIT Guidelines” shall mean the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Association on May 7, 2007.

 

“Net Assets” shall mean the total Assets (other than intangibles) at cost, before deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities, calculated at least quarterly by the Corporation on a basis consistently applied.

 

“Net Income” shall mean for any period, the Corporation’s total revenues applicable to such period, less the total expenses applicable to such period other than additions to, or allowances for, non-cash charges such as depreciation, amortization, impairments and reserves for bad debt or other similar non-cash reserves. If the Adviser receives an incentive fee pursuant to Section 8.6 hereof, Net Income, for purposes of calculating Total Operating Expenses in Section 8.8 hereof, shall exclude any gain from the Sale of the Assets of the Corporation.

 

7

 

 

“Non-Compliant Tender Offer” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.7 herein.

 

“NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.

 

“Offering” shall mean any offering of Shares for the account of the Corporation.

 

“Operating Partnership” shall mean BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership, through which the Corporation may own Assets.

 

“Organization and Offering Expenses” shall mean any and all costs and expenses incurred by the Corporation and to be paid from the Assets of the Corporation in connection with the formation of the Corporation and the qualification and registration of an Offering, and the marketing and distribution of Shares, including, without limitation, total underwriting and brokerage discounts and commissions, costs related to investor and broker-dealer sales meetings, fees and expenses of the underwriters’ attorneys, expenses for printing, engraving, mailing, salaries of employees while engaged in sales activity, telephone and other telecommunication costs, all advertising and marketing expenses, charges of transfer agents, registrars, trustees, escrow holders, depositories and experts, and fees, expenses and taxes related to the filing, registration and qualification of the sale of the Shares under federal and state laws, including accountants’ and attorneys’ fees.

 

“Performance Participation” shall mean the special limited partner’s interest in the Operating Partnership that entitles it to receive an allocation from the Operating Partnership.

 

“Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other legal entity and, for purposes of Article VI herein (and all defined terms used in such Article), also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act and a group to which an Excepted Holder Limit applies.

 

“Position Statement” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.7 herein.

 

“Preferred Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.

 

“Prohibited Owner” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer, any Person who, but for the provisions of Article VI herein, would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in violation of Section 6.1.1, and, if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who would have been the record owner of Shares that the Prohibited Owner would have so owned.

 

“Property” or “Properties” shall mean, as the context requires, any, or all, respectively, of the Real Property acquired by the Corporation, directly or indirectly, including through joint venture arrangements or other partnership or investment interests.

 

“Prospectus” shall mean the prospectus included in the most recent effective registration statement filed by the Corporation with the SEC with respect to the applicable Public Offering, as such prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time.

 

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“Public Offering” shall mean any offering of Shares by the Corporation pursuant to a Prospectus contained in a registration statement filed with the SEC under the Securities Act (including, without limitation, the Initial Public Offering).

 

“Real Estate-Related Securities” shall mean equity and debt securities of both publicly traded and private companies, including REITs and pass-through entities, that own Real Property or loans secured by real estate, including investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities and derivative instruments, owned by the Corporation directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates.

 

“Real Property” shall mean land, rights in land (including leasehold interests) and any buildings, structures, improvements, furnishings, fixtures and equipment located on or used in connection with land and rights or interests in land.

 

“Reinvestment Plan” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.10 herein.

 

“Reinvestment Proceeds” shall mean, with respect to any Share issued pursuant to a Reinvestment Plan, the net asset value of the Corporation allocable to the Shares of such class, determined as described in the Prospectus, divided by the number of outstanding Shares of such class at the time of issuance.

 

“REIT” shall mean a corporation, trust, association or other legal entity (other than a real estate syndication), that is engaged primarily in investing in equity interests in real estate (including fee ownership and leasehold interests) or in loans secured by real estate or both, as defined pursuant to the REIT Provisions of the Code.

 

“REIT Provisions of the Code” shall mean Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and any successor or other provisions of the Code relating to real estate investment trusts (including provisions as to the attribution of ownership of beneficial interests therein) and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“Repurchase Plan” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.9 herein.

 

“Rescission Notice” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.7 herein.

 

“Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the first day after the Initial Date on which the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on Beneficial Ownership, Constructive Ownership and Transfers of Shares set forth herein is no longer required in order for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT.

 

“Roll-Up Entity” shall mean a partnership, real estate investment trust, corporation, trust or other entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of a proposed Roll-Up Transaction.

 

“Roll-Up Transaction” shall mean a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation either directly or indirectly of the Corporation and the issuance of securities of a Roll-Up Entity to the holders of Common Shares. Such term does not include:

 

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(a)           a transaction involving securities of the Corporation that have been listed on a national securities exchange for at least twelve months; or

 

(b)           a transaction involving the conversion to corporate, trust or association form of only the Corporation, if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following:

 

(i)            voting rights of the holders of Common Shares;

 

(ii)           the term of existence of the Corporation;

 

(iii)          Sponsor or Adviser compensation; or

 

(iv)          the Corporation’s investment objectives.

 

“Sale” shall include any transaction or series of transactions whereby:

 

(a)            the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or portion thereof, including the lease of any Property consisting of a building only, and including any event with respect to any Property which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards;

 

(b)            the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys or relinquishes its ownership of all or substantially all of the interest of the Corporation or the Operating Partnership in any Joint Venture in which it is a co-venturer or partner;

 

(c)            any Joint Venture in which the Corporation or the Operating Partnership is a co-venturer or partner directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys or relinquishes its ownership of any Property or portion thereof, including any event with respect to any Property which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards;

 

(d)            the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, conveys or relinquishes its interest in any Mortgage or Real Estate-Related Securities or portion thereof, including any payments thereunder or in satisfaction thereof (other than regularly scheduled interest payments) or any amounts owed pursuant to such Mortgage or Real Estate-Related Securities, and including any event with respect to any Mortgage or Real Estate-Related Securities which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or similar awards; and

 

(e)            the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys or relinquishes its ownership of any other Asset not previously described in this definition or any portion thereof.

 

“SDAT” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.4 herein.

 

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“SEC” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto. Reference to any provision of the Securities Act shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended, and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.

 

“Selling Commissions” shall mean any and all up-front fees and commissions payable to underwriters, dealer managers or other broker-dealers in connection with the sale of Shares, including, without limitation, up-front fees or commissions payable to the Dealer Manager.

 

“Shares” shall mean shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, including Common Shares or Preferred Shares.

 

“Soliciting Dealers” shall mean those broker-dealers that are members of FINRA, or that are exempt from broker-dealer registration, and that, in either case, enter into participating broker or other agreements with the Dealer Manager to sell Shares.

 

“Sponsor” shall mean any Person that (i) is directly or indirectly instrumental in organizing, wholly or in part, the Corporation or (ii) will control, manage or participate in the management of the Corporation, and any Affiliate of such Person. A Person may also be deemed a Sponsor of the Corporation by: (a) taking the initiative, directly or indirectly, in founding or organizing the Corporation, either alone or in conjunction with one or more other Persons, (b) receiving a material participation in the Corporation in connection with the founding or organizing of the business of the Corporation, in consideration of services or property, or both services and property, (c) having a substantial number of relationships and contacts with the Corporation, (d) possessing significant rights to control Properties, (e) receiving fees for providing services to the Corporation which are paid on a basis that is not customary in the industry or (f) providing goods or services to the Corporation on a basis which was not negotiated at arm’s-length with the Corporation. “Sponsor” does not include any Person whose only relationship with the Corporation is that of an independent property manager and whose only compensation is as such, or wholly independent third parties such as attorneys, accountants and underwriters whose only compensation is for professional services.

 

“Stockholder List” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.5 herein.

 

“Stockholder Servicing Fee” shall mean the stockholder servicing fee payable to the Dealer Manager and reallowable to soliciting dealers with respect to any class of Common Shares for which such fee is payable as described in the Prospectus.

 

“Stockholders” shall mean the holders of record of the Shares as maintained in the books and records of the Corporation or its transfer agent.

 

“Total Corporation-Level Underwriting Compensation” shall mean all underwriting compensation paid or incurred with respect to an Offering from all sources, determined pursuant to the rules and guidance of FINRA, including Stockholder Servicing Fees and Selling Commissions.

 

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“Total Operating Expenses” shall mean all costs and expenses paid or incurred by the Corporation, as determined under GAAP, including advisory fees and the Performance Participation, but excluding: (i) the expenses of raising capital such as Organization and Offering Expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and Listing of the Shares; (ii) interest payments; (iii) taxes; (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; (v) incentive fees paid in compliance with Section 8.6; (vi) Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses; (vii) real estate commissions on the Sale of Property; and (viii) other fees and expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, mortgage loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property), including property level expenses incurred at each property.

 

“Transfer” shall mean any issuance, sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event that causes any Person to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares or the right to vote or receive dividends on Shares, or any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events, including (i) the granting or exercise of any option (or any disposition of any option), (ii) any disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Shares or any interest in Shares or any exercise of any such conversion or exchange right and (iii) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in changes in Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares; in each case, whether voluntary or involuntary, whether owned of record, Constructively Owned or Beneficially Owned and whether by operation of law or otherwise. The terms “Transferring” and “Transferred” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

“Treasury Regulations” shall mean the U.S. federal income tax regulations promulgated under the Code, as amended from time to time.

 

“Unimproved Real Property” shall mean Property (i) in which the Corporation has an equity interest that was not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, (ii) that has no development or construction in process and (iii) for which no development or construction is planned, in good faith, to commence within one year.

 

“2%/25% Guidelines” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 8.8 herein.

 

“11.7(b) notice” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.7(a) herein.

 

ARTICLE V

 

STOCK

 

Section 5.1      Authorized Shares. The Corporation has authority to issue 3,100,000,000 Shares, consisting of 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Shares”), 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class D Common Stock (the “Class D Common Shares”), 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class E Common Stock (the “Class E Common Shares”), 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class I Common Stock (the “Class I Common Shares”), 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class S Common Stock (the “Class S Common Shares”), 600,000,000 of which are classified as Class T Common Stock (the “Class T Common Shares”), and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Preferred Shares”). The aggregate par value of all authorized Shares having par value is $31,000,000. All Shares shall be fully paid and non-assessable when issued. The Board may classify or reclassify any unissued Common Shares from time to time into one or more classes or series of Shares. If Shares of one class are classified or reclassified into Shares of another class pursuant to this Article V, the number of authorized Shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of Shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of Shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of Shares of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of Shares set forth in the first sentence of this Section 5.1. The Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire Board and without any action by the Stockholders, may amend the Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of Shares or the number of Shares of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.

 

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Section 5.2      Common Shares.

 

Section 5.2.1      Voting Rights. Subject to the provisions of Article VI and except as may otherwise be specified in the Charter, each Common Share shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote per share on all matters upon which Stockholders are entitled to vote pursuant to Section 11.2 hereof. Except as may be provided otherwise in the Charter, and subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Shares, the holders of the Common Shares shall have the exclusive right to vote on all matters (as to which a common stockholder shall be entitled to vote pursuant to applicable law) at all meetings of the Stockholders. The holders of Common Shares shall vote together as a single class on all matters submitted to a vote by the Stockholders; provided, however, that with respect to (a) any amendment of the Charter that would materially and adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of only a particular class of Common Shares, (b) any matter submitted to a vote of Stockholders that relates solely to a particular class of Common Shares or (c) any matter submitted to a vote of Stockholders in which the interests of a particular class of Common Shares differ from the interests of all other classes of Common Shares, only the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of such affected class of Common Shares, with no other class of Common Shares voting except such affected class of Common Shares voting as a separate class, shall be required.

 

Section 5.2.2      Conversion of Class E Common Shares, Class T Common Shares, Class S Common Shares and Class D Common Shares. Each Class E Common Share, Class T Common Share, Class S Common Share and Class D Common Share held in a Stockholder’s account shall automatically and without any action on the part of the holder thereof convert into a number of Class I Common Shares equal to the Class E Conversion Rate, Class T Conversion Rate, Class S Conversion Rate or Class D Conversion Rate, respectively, on the earliest of (a) a Listing of Class I Common Shares, (b) a merger or consolidation of the Corporation with or into another entity or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets, in each case in a transaction in which the Stockholders receive cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange, (c) the end of the month in which the Dealer Manager in conjunction with the Corporation’s transfer agent determines that total Selling Commissions and Stockholder Servicing Fees paid with respect to the Shares held by such Stockholder within such account would exceed, in the aggregate, 8.75% of the sum of the Gross Proceeds from the sale of such Shares and the aggregate Reinvestment Proceeds of any Shares issued under a Reinvestment Plan upon the reinvestment of the Distributions paid with respect to such Shares or with respect to any Shares issued under a Reinvestment Plan directly or indirectly attributable to such Shares (or, solely with respect to the Class T Common Shares, a lower limit as set forth in the applicable agreement between the Dealer Manager and a Soliciting Dealer at the time such Class T Common Shares were issued), and (d) after termination of the primary portion of the Offering in which such Class E Common Shares, Class T Common Shares, Class S Common Shares and Class D Common Shares were sold, the end of the month in which the Corporation, with the assistance of the Dealer Manager, determines that Total Corporation-Level Underwriting Compensation paid with respect to such Offering is equal to ten percent of the Gross Proceeds of the primary portion of such Offering.

 

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Section 5.2.3      Rights Upon Liquidation. In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or any Distribution of the assets of the Corporation, the aggregate assets of the Corporation available for Distribution to holders of the Common Shares shall be determined in accordance with applicable law. Immediately before any liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or any Distribution of the assets of the Corporation pursuant to a plan of liquidation, dissolution or winding up, Class E Common Shares will automatically convert to Class I Common Shares at the Class E Conversion Rate, Class T Common Shares will automatically convert to Class I Common Shares at the Class T Conversion Rate, Class S Common Shares will automatically convert to Class I Common Shares at the Class S Conversion Rate and Class D Common Shares will automatically convert to Class I Common Shares at the Class D Conversion Rate. Following such conversion, the aggregate assets of the Corporation available for Distribution to holders of the Common Shares, or the proceeds therefrom, shall be distributed to each holder of Class I Common Shares, ratably with each other holder of Class I Common Shares, which will include all converted Class E Common Shares, Class T Common Shares, Class S Common Shares and Class D Common Shares, in such proportion as the number of outstanding Class I Common Shares held by such holder bears to the total number of outstanding Class I Common Shares then outstanding.

 

Section 5.3      Preferred Shares. The Board may classify any unissued Preferred Shares and reclassify any previously classified but unissued Preferred Shares of any series from time to time, into one or more classes or series of Shares; provided, however, that, following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the voting rights per Share (other than any publicly held Share) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held Share as the consideration paid to the Corporation for each privately offered Share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.

 

Section 5.4      Classified or Reclassified Shares. Prior to the issuance of classified or reclassified Shares of any class or series, the Board by resolution shall: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of Shares; (b) specify the number of Shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or change, subject to the provisions of Article VI and subject to the express terms of any class or series of Shares outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other Distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (“SDAT”). Any of the terms of any class or series of Shares set or changed pursuant to Section 5.4(c) may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the Charter (including determinations by the Board or other facts or events within the control of the Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of Shares is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary or other charter document.

 

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Section 5.5      Distributions. The Board of Directors may from time to time authorize the Corporation to declare and pay to Stockholders such dividends or other Distributions in cash or other assets of the Corporation or in securities of the Corporation, including in Shares of one class payable to holders of Shares of another class, or from any other source as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine. The Board of Directors shall endeavor to authorize the Corporation to declare and pay such dividends and other Distributions as shall be necessary for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT under the Code; provided, however, Stockholders shall have no right to any dividend or other Distribution unless and until authorized by the Board and declared by the Corporation, which declaration shall be effected by public announcement. The exercise of the powers and rights of the Board of Directors pursuant to this Section 5.5 shall be subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares at the time outstanding. The receipt by any Person in whose name any Shares are registered on the records of the Corporation or by his or her duly authorized agent shall be a sufficient discharge for all dividends or other Distributions payable or deliverable in respect of such Shares and from all liability to see to the application thereof. Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, distributions in kind shall not be permitted, except for distributions of readily marketable securities, distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for the dissolution of the Corporation and the liquidation of its assets in accordance with the terms of the Charter or distributions of in-kind property in which (a) the Board advises each Stockholder of the risks associated with direct ownership of the property, (b) the Board offers each Stockholder the election of receiving such in-kind property distributions and (c) in-kind property distributions are made only to those Stockholders that accept such offer.

 

Other than Distributions pursuant to a program or programs by which the Corporation voluntarily repurchases shares from its stockholders or pursuant to Article VI, each stockholder of a class or series of shares of capital stock shall be treated the same with respect to Distributions as every other stockholder of that class or series.

 

Section 5.6      Charter and Bylaws. The rights of all Stockholders and the terms of all Shares are subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws.

 

Section 5.7      No Issuance of Share Certificates. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Corporation shall not issue stock certificates. A Stockholder’s investment shall be recorded on the books of the Corporation. To transfer his or her Shares, a Stockholder shall submit an executed form to the Corporation, which form shall be provided by the Corporation upon request. Such transfer will also be recorded on the books of the Corporation. Upon issuance or transfer of Shares, the Corporation will provide the Stockholder with information concerning his or her rights with regard to such Shares, as required by the Bylaws and the MGCL or other applicable law.

 

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Section 5.8      Suitability of Stockholders. Until Listing, the following provisions shall apply to the sale of Common Shares to the public pursuant to any Public Offering:

 

Section 5.8.1      Investor Suitability Standards. Subject to suitability standards established by individual states, to purchase Common Shares, if such prospective Stockholder is an individual (including an individual beneficiary of a purchasing individual retirement account), or if the prospective Stockholder is a fiduciary (such as a trustee of a trust or corporate pension or profit sharing plan, or other tax-exempt organization, or a custodian under a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act), such individual or fiduciary, as the case may be, must represent to the Corporation, among other requirements as the Corporation may require from time to time:

 

(a)            that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the beneficiary, the fiduciary, account, or, the donor or grantor, who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Common Shares) has a minimum annual gross income of $70,000 and a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $70,000; or

 

(b)            that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the beneficiary, the fiduciary, account, or, the donor or grantor, who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Shares) has a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $250,000.

 

Section 5.8.2      Determination of Suitability of Sale. In connection with any Public Offering, the Sponsor and each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation and each broker or dealer, registered investment adviser or other qualified financial institution recommending the purchase of Common Shares to a customer shall make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of Common Shares by a Stockholder is a suitable and appropriate investment for such Stockholder. In making this determination in connection with any Public Offering, the Sponsor or each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation, or each broker or dealer or registered investment adviser recommending the purchase of Common Shares to a customer shall ascertain that the prospective Stockholder: (a) meets the minimum income and net worth standards established for purchasing Common Shares; (b) can reasonably benefit from an investment in Common Shares based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure; (c) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall financial situation; and (d) has apparent understanding of (i) the fundamental risks of the investment; (ii) the risk that the Stockholder may lose the entire investment; (iii) the lack of liquidity of the Common Shares; (iv) the restrictions on transferability of the Common Shares; and (v) the tax consequences of the investment.

 

The Sponsor or each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation, or each broker or dealer or registered investment adviser recommending the purchase of Shares to a customer shall make this determination with respect to each prospective Stockholder on the basis of information it has obtained from or on behalf of such prospective Stockholder, including information indirectly obtained from a prospective stockholder through such stockholder’s investment adviser, financial advisor or bank acting as a fiduciary. Relevant information for this purpose will include at least the age, investment objectives, investment experiences, income, net worth, financial situation and other investments of the prospective Stockholder, as well as any other pertinent factors.

 

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The Sponsor or each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation, or each broker or dealer or registered investment adviser recommending the purchase of Common Shares to a customer shall maintain records of the information used to determine that an investment in Common Shares is suitable and appropriate for a Stockholder. The Sponsor or each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation, or each broker or dealer or registered investment adviser recommending the purchase of Shares to a customer shall maintain these records for at least six years.

 

The Sponsor and each Person selling shares on behalf of the Corporation may each rely upon the following in satisfying its obligations under this Section 5.8.2: (i) the Person directly recommending the purchase of Common Shares to a customer if that Person is a FINRA member broker or dealer that has entered into a selling agreement with the Sponsor or the Corporation or their Affiliates or (ii) a registered investment adviser or other qualified financial institution that has entered into an agreement with the Sponsor or the Corporation or their Affiliates.

 

Section 5.8.3      Minimum Investment and Transfer. Subject to certain individual state requirements and except with respect to the issuance of Common Shares under the Reinvestment Plan, no initial sale or transfer of Common Shares for value of less than $2,500, or such other amount as determined by the Board, will be permitted.

 

Section 5.9      Repurchase of Shares. The Board may establish, from time to time, a program or programs by which the Corporation voluntarily repurchases Shares from its Stockholders (each, a “Repurchase Plan”); provided, however, that such repurchase does not impair the capital or operations of the Corporation. Neither the Sponsor, the Adviser, any member of the Board or any Affiliate may receive any fees arising out of the repurchase of Shares by the Corporation. In the event that any holder of Common Shares fails to maintain in such holder’s account a minimum balance of $500 of Common Shares or such other amount of Common Shares as from time to time determined by the Board of Directors and set forth in a Certificate of Notice filed by the Corporation with the SDAT (the “Minimum Account Balance”), the Corporation may repurchase all of the Common Shares held by such holder at the repurchase price in effect under the applicable Repurchase Plan on the date that the Corporation determines that such holder has failed to meet the Minimum Account Balance, less any early repurchase deduction as provided in such Repurchase Plan. In addition, if a Stockholder fails to comply with Section 6.1.4 hereof or the Board of Directors determines that repurchase is appropriate or necessary to prevent harm to the Corporation or the Stockholders and such repurchase is permitted under applicable law, the Corporation may repurchase any or all of the Shares held by such Stockholder at the lesser of (a) the repurchase price in effect under any Repurchase Plan for Shares of the applicable class or series on the date of repurchase, less any early repurchase deduction as provided in such Repurchase Plan, (b) the estimated value per Share of the applicable class or series as determined in the Corporation’s most recent valuation pursuant to Regulatory Notice 09-09 of FINRA or (c) the fair market value per Share of the applicable class or series as determined by an independent valuation obtained by the Corporation.

 

Section 5.10      Distribution Reinvestment Plans. The Board may establish, from time to time, one or more Distribution reinvestment plan or plans (each, a “Reinvestment Plan”). Under any such Reinvestment Plan, (a) all material information regarding Distributions to the holders of Common Shares and the effect of reinvesting such Distributions, including the tax consequences thereof, shall be provided to the holders of Common Shares not less often than annually, and (b) each holder of Common Shares participating in such Reinvestment Plan shall have a reasonable opportunity to withdraw from the Reinvestment Plan not less often than annually after receipt of the information required in clause (a) above.

 

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ARTICLE VI

 

RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

 

Section 6.1      Shares.

 

Section 6.1.1      Ownership Limitations. During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 6.3:

 

(a)            Basic Restrictions.

 

(i)            (1) No Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, (2) no Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of the Common Share Ownership Limit and (3) no Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.

 

(ii)            No Person shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares to the extent that such Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares would result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year), or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT (including, but not limited to, Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership that would result in the Corporation owning (actually or Constructively) an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by the Corporation from such tenant would cause the Corporation to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code).

 

(iii)            Any Transfer of Shares that, if effective, would result in Shares being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

 

(b)            Transfer in Trust. If any Transfer of Shares occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning Shares in violation of Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii),

 

(i)            then that number of Shares the Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of which otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii) (rounded up to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically Transferred to a Charitable Trust for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in Section 6.2, effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer, and such Person shall acquire no rights in such Shares; or

 

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(ii)            if the Transfer to the Charitable Trust described in clause (i) of this sentence would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii), then the Transfer of that number of Shares that otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii) shall be void ab initio, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.

 

To the extent that, upon a transfer of Shares pursuant to this Section 6.1.1(b), a violation of any provision of this Article VI would nonetheless be continuing (for example where the ownership of Shares by a single Charitable Trust would violate the 100 stockholder requirement applicable to REITs), then Shares shall be transferred to that number of Charitable Trusts, each having a distinct Charitable Trustee and a Charitable Beneficiary or Beneficiaries that are distinct from those of each other Charitable Trust, such that there is no violation of any provision of this Article VI.

 

Section 6.1.2      Remedies for Breach. If the Board of Directors or its designee (including any duly authorized committee of the Board) shall at any time determine that a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 6.1.1 or that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of any Shares in violation of Section 6.1.1 (whether or not such violation is intended), the Board of Directors or its designee shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or other event, including, without limitation, causing the Corporation to redeem Shares, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided, however, that any Transfers or attempted Transfers or other events in violation of Section 6.1.1 shall automatically result in the Transfer to the Charitable Trust described above, and, where applicable, such Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab initio as provided above irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Directors or its designee.

 

Section 6.1.3      Notice of Restricted Transfer. Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares that will or may violate Section 6.1.1(a), or any Person who would have owned Shares that resulted in a Transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.1.1(b), shall immediately give written notice to the Corporation of such event, or in the case of such a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least 15 days prior written notice, and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.

 

Section 6.1.4      Owners Required To Provide Information. From the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:

 

(a)            every owner of more than five percent (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder or as otherwise required by the Board of Directors) of the outstanding Shares, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the Corporation stating the name and address of such owner, the number of Shares Beneficially Owned and a description of the manner in which such Shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, the Common Share Ownership Limit and the other restrictions set forth herein; and

 

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(b)            each Person who is a Beneficial or Constructive Owner of Shares and each Person (including the Stockholder of record) who is holding Shares for a Beneficial or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation may request, in order to determine the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.

 

Section 6.1.5      Remedies Not Limited. Subject to Section 7.10, nothing contained in this Section 6.1 shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its Stockholders in preserving the Corporation’s status as a REIT.

 

Section 6.1.6      Ambiguity. In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 6.1, Section 6.2 or any definition contained in Article IV, the Board of Directors may determine the application of the provisions of this Section 6.1 or Section 6.2 with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it. In the event Section 6.1 or Section 6.2 requires an action by the Board of Directors and the Charter fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board of Directors may determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of Article IV or Sections 6.1 or 6.2. Absent a decision to the contrary by the Board of Directors (which the Board may make in its sole and absolute discretion), if a Person would have (but for the remedies set forth in Section 6.1.2) acquired Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares in violation of Section 6.1.1, such remedies (as applicable) shall apply first to the Shares which, but for such remedies, would have been Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned (but not actually owned) by such Person, pro rata among the Persons who actually own such Shares based upon the relative number of the Shares held by each such Person.

 

Section 6.1.7      Exceptions.

 

(a)            Subject to Section 6.1.1(a)(ii), the Board of Directors may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a Person from the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and the Common Share Ownership Limit, as the case may be, and may establish or increase an Excepted Holder Limit for such Person if:

 

(i)            the Board of Directors obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary for the Board to ascertain that no individual’s Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of such Shares will violate Section 6.1.1(a)(ii);

 

(ii)            such Person does not and represents that it will not own, actually or Constructively, an interest in a tenant of the Corporation (or a tenant of any entity owned or controlled by the Corporation) that would cause the Corporation to own, actually or Constructively, more than a 9.9% interest (as set forth in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code) in such tenant and the Board of Directors obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain this fact (for this purpose, a tenant from whom the Corporation (or an entity owned or controlled by the Corporation) derives (and is expected to continue to derive) a sufficiently small amount of revenue such that, in the judgment of the Board of Directors, rent from such tenant would not adversely affect the Corporation’s ability to qualify as a REIT, shall not be treated as a tenant of the Corporation); and

 

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(iii)            such Person agrees that any violation or attempted violation of such representations or undertakings (or other action which is contrary to the restrictions contained in Sections 6.1.1 through 6.1.6) will result in such Shares being automatically Transferred to a Charitable Trust in accordance with Sections 6.1.1(b) and 6.2.

 

(b)            Prior to granting any exception pursuant to Section 6.1.7(a), the Board of Directors may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Corporation’s status as a REIT. Notwithstanding the receipt of any ruling or opinion, the Board of Directors may impose such conditions or restrictions as it deems appropriate in connection with granting such exception.

 

(c)            Subject to Section 6.1.1(a)(ii), an underwriter which participates in a Public Offering or a private placement of Shares (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, the Common Share Ownership Limit or both such limits, but only to the extent necessary to facilitate such Public Offering or private placement.

 

(d)            The Board of Directors may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder: (i) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time, (ii) unless the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder provide otherwise, at any time after the Excepted Holder no longer Beneficially Owns or Constructively Owns Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit or the Common Share Ownership Limit, or (iii) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder. No Excepted Holder Limit shall be reduced to a percentage that is less than the Common Share Ownership Limit.

 

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Section 6.1.8      Increase or Decrease in Aggregate Share Ownership and Common Share Ownership Limits. Subject to Section 6.1.1(a)(ii), the Board of Directors may from time to time increase or decrease the Common Share Ownership Limit and the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit for one or more Persons and increase or decrease the Common Share Ownership Limit and the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit for all other Persons. No decreased Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit will be effective for any Person whose percentage of ownership in Shares is in excess of such decreased Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, as applicable, until such time as such Person’s percentage of ownership in Shares equals or falls below the decreased Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, but any further acquisition of Shares in excess of such percentage ownership of Shares will be in violation of the Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and, provided further, that the new Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit would not allow five or fewer Persons to Beneficially Own more than 49.9% in value of the outstanding Shares.

 

Section 6.1.9      Legend. Any certificate representing Shares shall bear substantially the following legend:

 

The Shares represented by this certificate are subject to restrictions on Beneficial and Constructive Ownership and Transfer for the purpose, among others, of the Corporation’s maintenance of its status as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain further restrictions and except as expressly provided in the Corporation’s charter, (i) no Person may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of 9.9% (in value or number of Common Shares) of the outstanding Common Shares unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (ii) no Person may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of 9.9% (in value or number of shares) of the total outstanding Shares, unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (iii) no Person may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares that would result in the Corporation being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT; and (iv) any Transfer of Shares that, if effective, would result in Shares being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 Persons (as determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio, and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares. Any Person who Beneficially Owns or Constructively Owns or attempts to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares which cause or will cause a Person to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess or in violation of the above limitations must immediately notify the Corporation in writing (or, in the case of an attempted transaction, give at least 15 days prior written notice). If any of the restrictions on Transfer or ownership as set forth in (i), (ii) or (iii) above are violated, the Shares in excess or in violation of the above limitations will be automatically Transferred to a Charitable Trust for the benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. In addition, the Corporation may redeem Shares upon the terms and conditions specified by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion if the Board of Directors determines that ownership or a Transfer or other event may violate the restrictions described above. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of certain events, attempted Transfers in violation of the restrictions described in (i), (ii) or (iii) above may be void ab initio.

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Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering and until such time as the Common Shares are listed on a national securities exchange, to purchase Common Shares in a Public Offering, if such prospective Stockholder is an individual (including an individual beneficiary of a purchasing individual retirement account), or if the prospective Stockholder is a fiduciary (such as a trustee of a trust or corporate pension or profit sharing plan, or other tax-exempt organization, or a custodian under a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act), such individual or fiduciary, as the case may be, must represent to the Corporation, among other requirements as the Corporation may require from time to time:

 

(a)            that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Common Shares) has a minimum annual gross income of $70,000 and a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $70,000; or

 

(b)            that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Common Shares) has a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $250,000. Subject to certain individual state requirements and except with respect to the issuance of Common Shares under the Reinvestment Plan, no transfer of Common Shares for value of less than $2,500, or such other amount as determined by the Board, will be permitted.

 

All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings defined in the Corporation’s charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on Transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of Shares on request and without charge. Requests for such a copy may be directed to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal office.

 

Instead of the foregoing legend, the certificate may state that the Corporation will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a Stockholder on request and without charge. In the case of uncertificated Shares, the Corporation will send the holder of such Shares, on request and without charge, a written statement of the information otherwise required on certificates.

 

Section 6.2      Transfer of Shares in Trust.

 

Section 6.2.1      Ownership in Trust. Upon any purported Transfer or other event described in Section 6.1.1(b) that would result in a Transfer of Shares to a Charitable Trust, such Shares shall be deemed to have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee as trustee of a Charitable Trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. Such Transfer to the Charitable Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the purported Transfer or other event that results in the Transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 6.1.1(b). The Charitable Trustee shall be appointed by the Corporation and shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable Beneficiary shall be designated by the Corporation as provided in Section 6.2.6.

 

Section 6.2.2      Status of Shares Held by the Charitable Trustee. Shares held by the Charitable Trustee shall continue to be issued and outstanding Shares. The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the Shares held by the Charitable Trustee. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any Shares held in trust by the Charitable Trustee, shall have no rights to dividends or other Distributions and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the Shares held in the Charitable Trust.

 

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Section 6.2.3      Dividend and Voting Rights. The Charitable Trustee shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other Distributions with respect to Shares held in the Charitable Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. Any dividend or other Distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be paid by the recipient of such dividend or other Distribution to the Charitable Trustee upon demand and any dividend or other Distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Charitable Trustee. Any dividends or other Distributions so paid over to the Charitable Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to Shares held in the Charitable Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee, the Charitable Trustee shall have the authority (at the Charitable Trustee’s sole discretion) (a) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee and (b) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Charitable Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided, however, that if the Corporation has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Charitable Trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article VI, until the Corporation has received notification that Shares have been Transferred into a Charitable Trust, the Corporation shall be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other Stockholder records for purposes of preparing lists of Stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes and determining the other rights of Stockholders.

 

Section 6.2.4      Sale of Shares by Charitable Trustee. Within 20 days of receiving notice from the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trust, the Charitable Trustee shall sell the Shares held in the Charitable Trust to a Person, designated by the Charitable Trustee, whose ownership of the Shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in Section 6.1.1(a). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 6.2.4. The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (a) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the Shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the Shares in connection with the event causing the Shares to be held in the Charitable Trust (e.g., in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price of the Shares on the day of the event causing the Shares to be held in the Charitable Trust and (b) the price per share received by the Charitable Trustee (net of any commissions and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the Shares held in the Charitable Trust. The Charitable Trustee may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and other Distributions which have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Charitable Trustee pursuant to Section 6.2.3 of this Article VI. Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee, such Shares are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such Shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Charitable Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such Shares that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this Section 6.2.4, such excess shall be paid to the Charitable Trustee upon demand.

 

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Section 6.2.5      Purchase Right in Shares Transferred to the Charitable Trustee. Shares Transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation, or its designee, at a price per Share equal to the lesser of (a) the price per Share in the transaction that resulted in such Transfer to the Charitable Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (b) the Market Price on the date the Corporation, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Corporation shall have the right to accept such offer until the Charitable Trustee has sold the Shares held in the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 6.2.4. Upon such a sale to the Corporation, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner. The Corporation may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and other Distributions which have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Charitable Trustee pursuant to Section 6.2.3 of this Article VI. The Corporation may pay the amount of such reduction to the Charitable Trustee for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary.

 

Section 6.2.6      Designation of Charitable Beneficiaries. By written notice to the Charitable Trustee, the Corporation shall designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Charitable Trust such that (a) Shares held in the Charitable Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 6.1.1(a) in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (b) each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code. Neither the failure of the Corporation to make such designation nor the failure of the Corporation to appoint the Charitable Trustee before the automatic transfer provided in Section 6.1.1(b) shall make such transfer ineffective, provided that the Corporation thereafter makes such designation and appointment.

 

Section 6.3      NYSE Transactions. Nothing in this Article VI shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of any transaction occurs shall not negate the effect of any other provision of this Article VI and any transferee in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in this Article VI.

 

Section 6.4      Enforcement. The Corporation is authorized specifically to seek equitable relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of this Article VI.

 

Section 6.5      Non-Waiver. No delay or failure on the part of the Corporation or the Board of Directors in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the Corporation or the Board of Directors, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived in writing.

 

Section 6.6      Severability. If any provision of this Article VI or any application of any such provision is determined to be invalid by any federal or state court having jurisdiction over the issues, the validity of the remaining provisions shall not be affected and other applications of such provisions shall be affected only to the extent necessary to comply with the determination of such court.

 

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ARTICLE VII

 

PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING
AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE
CORPORATION AND OF THE STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS

 

Section 7.1      Number of Directors. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. The number of Directors of the Corporation (the “Directors”) shall be five, which number may be increased or decreased from time to time pursuant to the Bylaws; provided, however, that the total number of Directors shall not be fewer than three nor more than 15. A majority of the Directors shall be Independent Directors except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, removal or resignation of an Independent Director pending the election of such Independent Director’s successor. The names of the current Directors who shall serve until the next annual meeting of Stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify are:

 

John Carrafiell

Michael Glimcher

Edgar Alvarado

Timothy Callahan

Lizanne Galbreath

 

Any vacancy on the Board of Directors may be filled in the manner provided in the Bylaws.

 

The Corporation elects, at such time as it becomes eligible to make the election provided for under Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL, that, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of Preferred Shares, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors in office, even if the remaining Directors do not constitute a quorum, and any Director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, if any remaining directors are Independent Directors, only Independent Directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies among the Independent Directors’ positions.

 

Section 7.2      Experience. Upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, each Director shall have at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge and experience required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets being acquired by the Corporation, and at least one of the Independent Directors shall have at least three years of relevant real estate experience.

 

Section 7.3      Committees. The Board may establish such committees as it deems appropriate, in its discretion, provided that, upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the majority of the members of each committee shall be Independent Directors.

 

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Section 7.4      Term. Except as may otherwise be provided in the terms of any Preferred Shares issued by the Corporation with respect to the termination after less than one year of the term of office of any Director elected by the holders of such Preferred Shares, each Director shall hold office for one year, until the next annual meeting of Stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Directors may be elected to an unlimited number of successive terms.

 

Section 7.5      Fiduciary Obligations. The Directors serve in a fiduciary capacity to the Corporation and have a fiduciary duty to the Stockholders, including a fiduciary duty to the Stockholders to supervise the relationship of the Corporation with the Adviser.

 

Section 7.6      Extraordinary Actions. Notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the Stockholders entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the Stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

 

Section 7.7      Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance. The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance from time to time of Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable (including as compensation for the Independent Directors or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Charter or the Bylaws. Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the issuance of Preferred Shares shall also be approved by a majority of Independent Directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, who shall have access at the Corporation’s expense to the Corporation’s legal counsel or to independent legal counsel.

 

Section 7.8      Preemptive Rights and Appraisal Rights. Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified Shares pursuant to Section 5.4 or as may otherwise be provided by contract approved by the Board of Directors, no Stockholder shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional Shares or any other security that the Corporation may issue or sell. Stockholders shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL or any successor statute unless the Board of Directors, upon such terms and conditions as may be specified by the Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of Shares, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such Shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.

 

Section 7.9      Determinations by Board. The determination as to any of the following matters, made by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every Stockholder:

 

(a)            the amount of the Net Income for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, repurchase of Shares or the payment of other Distributions on Shares;

 

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(b)            the amount of paid-in surplus, Net Assets, other surplus, annual or other cash flow, funds from operations, net profit, Net Assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on Sales of assets;

 

(c)            the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged);

 

(d)            any interpretation or resolution of any ambiguity with respect to any provision of the Bylaws or the Charter, including, without limitation: (i) any of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other Distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any shares of any class or series of Shares; (ii) any provision of the definitions of any of the following: Affiliate, Independent Director and Sponsor; (iii) which amounts paid to the Adviser or its Affiliates are expenses connected with the ownership of real estate interests, loans or other property; (iv) which expenses are excluded from the definition of Total Operating Expenses; (v) whether expenses qualify as Organization and Offering Expenses; (vi) whether an investment is considered a commodity or commodity future contract and whether a futures contract is used solely for hedging purposes in connection with the Corporation’s ordinary business of investing in real estate assets, Mortgages and Real Estate-Related Securities as contemplated by Section 9.3(b); and (vii) whether substantial justification exists to invest in or make a Mortgage as contemplated by Section 9.3(d) because of the presence of other underwriting criteria;

 

(e)            the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation or any Shares; the number of Shares of any class of the Corporation;

 

(f)            any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets of the Corporation;

 

(g)            any interpretation of the terms and conditions of one or more agreements with any Person;

 

(h)            the compensation of Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation; or

 

(i)            any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation or required or permitted by applicable law, the Charter or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any determination by the Board of Directors as to any of the preceding matters shall not render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination and, except as otherwise provide in Article XII hereof, no Director shall be liable for making or failing to make such a determination.

 

Section 7.10      REIT Qualification. If the Corporation elects to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a REIT, the Board of Directors shall use its reasonable best efforts to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to preserve the status of the Corporation as a REIT; provided, however, if the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to qualify as a REIT, the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code. The Board of Directors also may determine that compliance with any restriction or limitation on stock ownership and Transfers set forth in Article VI is no longer required for REIT qualification.

 

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Section 7.11      Board Action with Respect to Certain Matters. Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, a majority of the Independent Directors must approve any Board action to which the following sections of the NASAA REIT Guidelines apply: II.A., II.C, II.F., II.G., IV.A., IV.B., IV.C., IV.D., IV.E., IV.F., IV.G., V.E., V.H., V.J., VI.A., VI.B.4 and VI.G.

 

Section 7.12      Ratification of Charter. At the first meeting of the Board of Directors at which a majority of the Board of Directors consists of Independent Directors, the Board of Directors and the Independent Directors shall each review and ratify the Charter by majority vote.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

ADVISER

 

Section 8.1      Appointment of Adviser and Initial Investment. The Board is responsible for setting the general policies of the Corporation and for the general supervision of its business conducted by officers, agents, employees, advisers or independent contractors of the Corporation. However, the Board is not required personally to conduct the business of the Corporation, and it may (but need not) appoint, employ or contract with any Person (including a Person that is an Affiliate of any Director) as an Adviser and may grant or delegate such authority to the Adviser as the Board may, in its sole discretion, deem necessary or desirable. Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the term of retention of any Adviser shall not exceed one year, although there is no limit to the number of times that a particular Adviser may be retained. Prior to the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the Sponsor or its Affiliates will make an Initial Investment of $200,000 in the Corporation. The Sponsor or such Affiliate may not sell the Initial Investment while the Sponsor or any affiliate thereof serves as the Sponsor, but may transfer the Initial Investment to other Affiliates.

 

Section 8.2      Supervision of Adviser. The Board shall review and evaluate the qualifications of the Adviser before entering into, and shall evaluate the performance of the Adviser before renewing, an Advisory Agreement, and the criteria used in such evaluation shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Board may exercise broad discretion in allowing the Adviser to administer and regulate the operations and investment activities of the Corporation, to act as agent for the Corporation, to execute documents on behalf of the Corporation and to make executive decisions that conform to general policies and principles established by the Board. The Board shall monitor the Adviser to assure that the administrative procedures, operations and programs of the Corporation are in the best interests of the Stockholders and are fulfilled. The Independent Directors are responsible for reviewing the fees and expenses of the Corporation at least annually and with sufficient frequency to determine that the fees and expenses incurred are reasonable in light of the investment performance of the Corporation, its Net Assets, its Net Income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs. Each such determination shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Independent Directors also will be responsible for reviewing, from time to time and at least annually, the performance of the Adviser and determining that compensation to be paid to the Adviser is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and that such compensation is within the limits prescribed by the Charter. The Independent Directors shall also supervise the performance of the Adviser and the compensation paid to the Adviser by the Corporation in order to determine that the provisions of the Advisory Agreement are being carried out. Specifically, the Independent Directors will consider factors such as (a) the amount of the fee paid to the Adviser in relation to the size, composition and performance of the assets of the Corporation, (b) the success of the Adviser in generating opportunities that meet the investment objectives of the Corporation, (c) rates charged to other REITs and to investors other than REITs by advisers performing the same or similar services, (d) additional revenues realized by the Adviser and its Affiliates through their relationship with the Corporation, including loan administration, underwriting or broker commissions, servicing, engineering, inspection and other fees, whether paid by the Corporation or by others with whom the Corporation does business, (e) the quality and extent of service and advice furnished by the Adviser, (f) the performance of the assets of the Corporation, including income, conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem investments and competence in dealing with distress situations, and (g) the quality of the assets of the Corporation relative to the investments generated by the Adviser for its own account. The Independent Directors may also consider all other factors that they deem relevant, and the findings of the Independent Directors on each of the factors considered shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board. The Board shall determine whether any successor Adviser possesses sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory function for the Corporation and whether the compensation provided for in its contract with the Corporation is justified.

 

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Section 8.3      Fiduciary Obligations. The Adviser shall have a fiduciary responsibility and duty to the Corporation and to the Stockholders.

 

Section 8.4      Term and Termination. Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the Advisory Agreement shall have a term of no more than one year, subject to an unlimited number of successive one-year renewals upon mutual consent of the parties. A majority of the Independent Directors may terminate the Advisory Agreement on 60 days’ written notice without cause or penalty, and, in such event, the Adviser will cooperate with, and take all reasonable steps requested to assist, the Corporation and the Board in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.

 

Section 8.5      Disposition Fee on Sale of Property. The Corporation may pay the Adviser a real estate commission upon the Sale of one or more Properties, in an amount equal to one-half of the Competitive Real Estate Commission paid, provided that it shall not exceed 3% of the sales price of such Property or Properties. Payment of such fee may be made only if the Adviser provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the Sale of such Property or Properties, as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors. In addition, the amount paid when added to all other real estate commissions paid to unaffiliated parties in connection with such Sale shall not exceed the lesser of the Competitive Real Estate Commission or an amount equal to 6% of the sales price of such Property or Properties.

 

Section 8.6      Incentive Fees. The Corporation may pay the Adviser an interest in the gain from the Sale of assets, for which full consideration is not paid in cash or property of equivalent value, provided the amount or percentage of such interest is reasonable. Such an interest in gain from the Sale of assets shall be considered presumptively reasonable if it does not exceed 15% of the balance of such net proceeds remaining after payment to holders of Common Shares, in the aggregate, of an amount equal to 100% of the Invested Capital, plus an amount equal to 6% of the Invested Capital per annum cumulative. In the case of multiple Advisers, such Adviser and any of their Affiliates shall be allowed such fees provided such fees are distributed by a proportional method reasonably designed to reflect the value added to the assets by each respective Adviser or any Affiliate.

 

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Section 8.7      Acquisition Fees. The Corporation may pay the Adviser and its Affiliates fees for the review and evaluation of potential investments in assets of the Corporation; provided, however, that the total of all Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses shall be reasonable, and shall not exceed an amount equal to 6% of the Contract Purchase Price or, in the case of a Mortgage, 6% of the funds advanced; and provided, further, that a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction may approve fees and expenses in excess of this limit if they determine the transaction to be commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to the Corporation.

 

Section 8.8      Reimbursement for Total Operating Expenses. The Corporation may reimburse the Adviser, at the end of each fiscal quarter, for Total Operating Expenses paid by the Adviser; provided, however, that following the fourth full fiscal quarter after the quarter in which the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering occurs, the Corporation shall not reimburse the Adviser at the end of any fiscal quarter for Total Operating Expenses that, in the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended, exceed the greater of 2% of Average Invested Assets or 25% of Net Income (the “2%/25% Guidelines”) for such four fiscal quarters. The Independent Directors shall have the fiduciary responsibility of limiting Total Operating Expenses to amounts that do not exceed the 2%/25% Guidelines unless they have made a finding that, based on such unusual and non-recurring factors that they deem sufficient, a higher level of expenses (an “Excess Amount”) is justified. Within 60 days after the end of any fiscal quarter of the Corporation for which there is an Excess Amount that the Independent Directors conclude was justified, there shall be sent to the holders of Common Shares a written disclosure of such fact (or shall be disclosed to the holders of Common Shares in the next Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Corporation or by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC within 60 days of such quarter end), together with an explanation of the factors the Independent Directors considered in determining that such Excess Amount was justified. Any such finding and the reasons in support thereof shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. In the event that the Independent Directors do not determine that such Excess Amount is justified, the Adviser shall pay the Corporation the amount by which the expenses exceeded the 2%/25% Guidelines.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

INVESTMENT POLICIES AND LIMITATIONS

 

Section 9.1      Review of Investment Policies. The Board shall establish written policies on investments and borrowing and shall monitor the administrative procedures, investment operations and performance of the Corporation and the Adviser to assure that such policies are carried out. The Independent Directors shall review the investment policies of the Corporation with sufficient frequency (and, upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, not less often than annually) to determine that the policies being followed by the Corporation are in the best interests of its Stockholders. Each such determination and the basis therefor shall be set forth in the minutes of the meetings of the Board.

 

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Section 9.2      Certain Investment Restrictions.

 

(a)            The Corporation may invest in Joint Ventures with the Sponsor, the Adviser, one or more Directors or any Affiliate thereof, only if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve such investment as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on substantially the same terms and conditions as, or more favorable than, those received by other joint venturers.

 

(b)            Subject to any limitations in Section 9.3, the Corporation may invest in equity securities, provided that such investment shall be permitted only if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.

 

Section 9.3      Investment and Other Limitations. In addition to other investment restrictions and guidelines imposed by the Board from time to time, consistent with the Corporation’s objective of qualifying as a REIT, the following limitations shall apply:

 

(a)            Not more than 10% of the Corporation’s total assets shall be invested in Unimproved Real Property or indebtedness secured by a deed of trust or Mortgages on Unimproved Real Property.

 

(b)            The Corporation shall not invest in commodities or commodity future contracts. This limitation is not intended to apply to derivatives related to non-commodity investments, including futures contracts when used solely for the purpose of hedging in connection with the Corporation’s ordinary business of investing in real estate assets, Mortgages and Real Estate-Related Securities.

 

(c)            The Corporation shall not invest in or make any Mortgage unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property except for those loans insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency. In cases in which a majority of Independent Directors so determine, and in all cases in which the transaction is with the Adviser, the Sponsor, any Director or any Affiliate thereof, such appraisal of the underlying property must be obtained from an Independent Appraiser. Such appraisal shall be maintained in the Corporation’s records for at least five years and shall be available for inspection and duplication by any holder of Common Shares. In addition to the appraisal, a mortgagee’s or owner’s title insurance policy as to the priority of the Mortgage or condition of the title must be obtained.

 

(d)            The Corporation shall not invest in or make any Mortgage, including a construction loan, on any one Real Property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans on such Real Property, would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of such Real Property as determined by appraisal unless substantial justification exists because of the presence of other underwriting criteria. For purposes of this subsection, the “aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including the loans of the Corporation” shall include all interest (excluding contingent participation in income and/or appreciation in value of the mortgaged property), the current payment of which may be deferred pursuant to the terms of such loans, to the extent that deferred interest on each loan exceeds 5% per annum of the principal balance of the loan.

 

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(e)            The Corporation shall not make or invest in any Mortgages that are subordinate to any lien or other indebtedness or equity interest of the Adviser, any Director, the Sponsor or any Affiliate of the Corporation.

 

(f)            The Corporation shall not issue (i) equity securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder (except that Stockholders may offer their Common Shares to the Corporation pursuant to any Repurchase Plan adopted by the Board on terms outlined in the Prospectus relating to any Offering, as such Repurchase Plan is thereafter amended in accordance with its terms); (ii) debt securities unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most recently completed fiscal year) as adjusted for known changes is sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt, as determined by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized officer of the Corporation; (iii) equity securities on a deferred payment basis or under similar arrangements; or (iv) options or warrants to the Adviser, the Directors, the Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof except on the same terms as such options or warrants, if any, are sold to the general public. Options or warrants may be issued to Persons other than the Adviser, the Directors, the Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof, but not at exercise prices less than the fair market value of the underlying securities on the date of grant and not for consideration (which may include services) that in the judgment of the Independent Directors has a market value less than the value of such option or warrant on the date of grant. Options or warrants granted to the Adviser, the Directors, the Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof shall not be exercisable for a number of Shares that exceeds 10% of the outstanding Shares on the date of grant. Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the voting rights per Share (other than any publicly held Share) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights that bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held Share as the consideration paid to the Corporation for each privately offered Share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.

 

(g)            The consideration paid for Real Property acquired by the Corporation shall ordinarily be based on the fair market value of the Real Property, as determined by a majority of Directors. If a majority of the Independent Directors on the Board of Directors or a duly authorized committee of the Board determines, or if the Real Property is acquired from the Adviser, a Director, the Sponsor or their Affiliates, such fair market value shall be determined by a qualified Independent Appraiser selected by such Independent Directors.

 

(h)            The aggregate Leverage shall be reasonable in relation to the Net Assets and shall be reviewed by the Board at least quarterly. The maximum amount of such Leverage in relation to Net Assets shall not exceed 300%. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Leverage may exceed such limit if any excess in borrowing over such level is approved by a majority of the Independent Directors. Any such excess borrowing shall be disclosed to Stockholders in the next quarterly report of the Corporation following such borrowing, along with justification for such excess.

 

(i)            The Corporation will not make any investment that the Corporation believes will cause it to be classified as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

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(j)            The Corporation will not make any investment that the Corporation believes will be inconsistent with its objectives of qualifying and remaining qualified as a REIT unless and until the Board determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is not in the best interests of the Corporation.

 

(k)            The Corporation shall not invest in real estate contracts of sale, otherwise known as land sale contracts, unless the contract is in recordable form and is appropriately recorded in the chain of title.

 

(l)            The Corporation shall not engage in the business of underwriting or the agency distribution of securities issued by other Persons.

 

(m)            The Corporation shall not acquire interests or securities in any entity holding investments or engaging in activities prohibited by this Article IX except for investments in which the Corporation holds a non-controlling interest or investments in any entity having securities listed on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on an interdealer quotation system.

 

ARTICLE X

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

Section 10.1      Sales and Leases to the Corporation. The Corporation may purchase or lease an asset or assets from the Sponsor, the Adviser, a Director or any Affiliate thereof upon the approval by a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction that such transaction is fair and reasonable to the Corporation and at a price to the Corporation no greater than the cost of the asset to such Sponsor, Adviser, Director or Affiliate or, if the price to the Corporation is in excess of such cost, that substantial justification for such excess exists and such excess is reasonable. In no event shall the purchase price paid by the Corporation for any such asset exceed the asset’s current appraised value.

 

Section 10.2      Sales and Leases to the Sponsor, Adviser, Directors or Affiliates. The Adviser, the Sponsor, a Director or any Affiliate thereof may purchase or lease an asset or assets from the Corporation if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction determine that the transaction is fair and reasonable to the Corporation.

 

Section 10.3      Other Transactions.

 

(a)            The Corporation shall not make loans to the Sponsor, the Adviser, a Director or any Affiliate thereof except Mortgages pursuant to Section 9.3(c), (d) and (e) hereof or loans to wholly owned subsidiaries of the Corporation. This restriction on loans applies only to advances of cash that are commonly viewed as loans, as determined by the Board of Directors, and does not apply to advances of cash for legal expenses or other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought nor does it limit the Corporation’s ability to advance reimbursable expenses incurred by Directors or officers or the Adviser or its Affiliates.

 

(b)            The Corporation may not borrow money from the Sponsor, the Adviser, a Director or any Affiliate thereof, unless approved by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction as fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable, and no less favorable to the Corporation than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances.

 

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(c)            The Corporation shall not engage in any other transaction with the Sponsor, the Adviser, a Director or any Affiliate thereof unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve such transaction as fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on terms and conditions no less favorable to the Corporation than those available from unaffiliated third parties.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 11.1      Meetings. There shall be an annual meeting of the Stockholders, to be held on such date and at such time and place, and commencing in such year, as shall be determined by or in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws, at which the Directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be conducted; provided that such annual meeting will be held upon reasonable notice and within a reasonable period (not less than 30 days) following delivery of the annual report. The Board of Directors, including the Independent Directors, shall be required to take reasonable steps to ensure that this requirement is met. The holders of a majority of Shares entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present, may, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, vote to elect the Directors. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, prior to the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of Stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a Director. A quorum shall be the presence in person or by proxy of Stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting on any matter. Special meetings of Stockholders may be called in the manner provided in the Bylaws, including by the chief executive officer, the president, the chairperson of the board, a majority of the Directors or a majority of the Independent Directors, and shall be called by the secretary of the Corporation to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of Stockholders upon the written request of Stockholders entitled to cast not less than 10% of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at such meeting. Notice of any special meeting of Stockholders shall be given as provided in the Bylaws. If the meeting is called by the secretary upon the written request of Stockholders as described in this Section 11.1, notice of the special meeting shall be sent to all Stockholders within 10 days of the receipt of the written request and the special meeting shall be held at the time and place specified in the Stockholder request not less than 15 days nor more than 60 days after the delivery of the notice; provided, however, that if no time or place is so specified in the Stockholder request, at such time and place convenient to the Stockholders. If there are no Directors, the officers of the Corporation shall promptly call a special meeting of the Stockholders entitled to vote for the election of successor Directors. Any meeting may be adjourned and reconvened as the Board may determine or as otherwise provided in the Bylaws.

 

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Section 11.2      Voting Rights of Stockholders. Subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares then outstanding that are not otherwise inconsistent with the NASAA REIT Guidelines and the mandatory provisions of any applicable laws or regulations, the Stockholders shall be entitled to vote only on the following matters: (a) election or removal of Directors, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, as provided in Sections 11.1 hereof; (b) amendment of the Charter as provided in Article XIII hereof; (c) dissolution of the Corporation; (d) merger, conversion or consolidation of the Corporation, a statutory share exchange or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets; and (e) such other matters with respect to which the Board of Directors has adopted a resolution declaring that a proposed action is advisable and directing that the matter be submitted to the Stockholders for approval or ratification. Without the approval of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on the matter, the Board may not (i) amend the Charter except, subject to applicable law, for amendments which do not adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of Stockholders; (ii) amend provisions of the Charter relating to Director qualifications, fiduciary duties, liability and indemnification, conflicts of interest, investment policies or investment restrictions; (iii) liquidate or dissolve the Corporation other than before the initial investment in Property; (iv) sell all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets other than in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise permitted by law; or (v) cause the merger or reorganization of the Corporation except as permitted by law.

 

Section 11.3      Voting Limitations on Shares Held by the Adviser, Directors and Affiliates. With respect to Shares owned by the Adviser, any Director or any Affiliates, following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, neither the Adviser, nor such Director(s), nor any of their Affiliates may vote or consent on matters submitted to the Stockholders regarding the removal of the Adviser, such Director(s) or any of their Affiliates or any transaction between the Corporation and any of them. In determining the requisite percentage in interest of Shares necessary to approve a matter on which the Adviser, such Director and any of their Affiliates may not vote or consent, any Shares owned by any of them shall not be included.

 

Section 11.4      Right of Inspection. Any holder of Common Shares and any designated representative thereof shall be permitted access to the records of the Corporation to which it is entitled under applicable law at all reasonable times, and may inspect and copy any of them for a reasonable charge. Inspection of the Corporation’s books and records by the office or agency administering the securities laws of a jurisdiction shall be provided upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours.

 

Section 11.5      Access to Stockholder List. An alphabetical list of the names, addresses and telephone numbers of the holders of Common Shares, along with the number of Shares held by each of them (the “Stockholder List”), shall be maintained as part of the books and records of the Corporation and shall be available for inspection by any holder of Common Shares or such holder’s designated agent at the home office of the Corporation upon the request of the holder of Common Shares. The Stockholder List shall be updated at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein. A copy of the Stockholder List shall be mailed to any holder of Common Shares so requesting within ten days of receipt by the Corporation of the request. The copy of the Stockholder List shall be printed in alphabetical order, on white paper, and in a readily readable type size (in no event smaller than ten-point type). The Corporation may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproduction pursuant to such holder’s request. The purposes for which a holder of Common Shares may request a copy of the Stockholder List include, without limitation, matters relating to such holder’s voting rights, the exercise of such holder’s rights under federal proxy laws and any other proper purpose.

 

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If the Adviser or the Corporation neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the Stockholder List as requested, the Adviser and/or the Corporation, as the case may be, shall be liable to any holder of Common Shares requesting the Stockholder List for the costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by such holder of Common Shares for compelling the production of the Stockholder List, and for actual damages suffered by any holder of Common Shares by reason of such refusal or neglect. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the Stockholder List is to secure the Stockholder List or other information for the purpose of selling the Stockholder List or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a holder of Common Shares relative to the affairs of the Corporation. The Corporation may require the holder of Common Shares requesting the Stockholder List to represent that the Stockholder List is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to such holder’s interest in the Corporation. The remedies provided hereunder to holders of Common Shares requesting copies of the Stockholder List are in addition to, and shall not in any way limit, other remedies available to holders of Common Shares under federal law or the laws of any state.

 

Section 11.6      Reports. For each fiscal year after the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the Directors, including the Independent Directors, shall take reasonable steps to insure that the Corporation shall cause to be prepared and mailed or delivered to each holder of Common Shares as of a record date after the end of the fiscal year, within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which it relates, an annual report that shall include: (a) financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP that are audited and reported on by independent certified public accountants; (b) the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the period to the capital raised; (c) the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of other fees paid to the Adviser and any Affiliate of the Adviser by the Corporation and including fees or charges paid to the Adviser and any Affiliate of the Adviser by third parties doing business with the Corporation; (d) the Total Operating Expenses of the Corporation, stated as a percentage of Average Invested Assets and as a percentage of its Net Income; (e) a report from the Independent Directors that the policies being followed by the Corporation are in the best interests of the holders of Common Shares and the basis for such determination; and (f) separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving the Corporation, the Directors, the Adviser, the Sponsors and any Affiliate thereof occurring in the year for which the annual report is made, and the Independent Directors shall be specifically charged with a duty to examine and comment in the report on the fairness of such transactions. Alternatively, such information may be provided in a proxy statement delivered with the annual report. The annual report and proxy statement may be delivered by any reasonable means, including through an electronic medium. Electronic delivery of the annual report or proxy statement shall comply with any then-applicable rules of the SEC.

 

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Section 11.7      Tender Offers.

 

(a)            If any Person makes a tender offer for Shares, including, without limitation, a “mini-tender” offer, such Person (a “Bidder”) must comply with all of the provisions set forth in Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, disclosure and notice requirements, that would be applicable if the tender offer was for more than 5% of the outstanding Shares; provided, however, that such documents are not required to be filed with the SEC. In addition, any Bidder must provide notice to the Corporation at least 10 Business Days prior to initiating any such tender offer. If any Bidder initiates a tender offer without complying with the foregoing (a “Non-Compliant Tender Offer”), the Corporation may elect to publish, send or give to Stockholders and the Bidder a statement (a “Position Statement”), which Position Statement may be posted on the Corporation’s website, disclosing that the Corporation (a) recommends acceptance or rejection of the Non-Compliant Tender Offer, (b) expresses no opinion and is remaining neutral toward the Non-Compliant Tender Offer or (c) is unable to take a position with respect to the Non-Compliant Tender Offer. If the Corporation issues a Position Statement but does not recommend acceptance of the Non-Compliant Tender Offer, then the Corporation may elect to cause the rescission provisions of Section 11.7(b) to be applicable by including a notice of such election (a “11.7(b) notice”) in the Position Statement within 10 Business Days of the Corporation becoming aware of the commencement of the Non-Compliant Tender Offer.

 

(b)            If the Corporation includes a 11.7(b) notice in a Position Statement, and any Stockholder who tendered Shares in connection with the Non-Compliant Tender Offer delivers a notice (a “Rescission Notice”) to the Corporation within 30 days of issuance of the Position Statement indicating a desire to rescind such Stockholder’s tender, then such purported tender shall be void ab initio and the Bidder shall acquire no rights in such Shares and the Stockholder who delivered the Rescission Notice shall continue to have all rights in such Shares. Until the expiration of this 30-day period, the Corporation shall not record a transfer of Shares to the Bidder or its assignee in connection with the Tender Offer.

 

(c)            In addition, unless waived by the Corporation, any Person who makes a Non-Compliant Tender Offer that is not recommended by the Corporation in the Position Statement shall be responsible for all expenses incurred by the Corporation in connection with (x) its review and consideration of the Non-Compliant Tender Offer, including board of directors meeting costs and the costs of counsel and financial advisors, (y) the publication and/or distribution of the Position Statement, including printing and mailing costs, and (z) the enforcement of the provisions of this Section 11.7. In addition to the remedies provided herein, the Corporation may seek injunctive relief, including, without limitation, a temporary or permanent restraining order, in connection with any Non-Compliant Tender Offer.

 

(d)            This Section 11.7 shall be of no force or effect with respect to any Shares that are then Listed as of the date of the commencement of the tender offer.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

LIABILITY LIMITATION AND INDEMNIFICATION

 

Section 12.1      Limitation of Stockholder Liability. No Stockholder shall be liable for any debt, claim, demand, judgment or obligation of any kind of, against or with respect to the Corporation by reason of his being a Stockholder, nor shall any Stockholder be subject to any personal liability whatsoever, in tort, contract or otherwise, to any Person in connection with the assets or the affairs of the Corporation by reason of his being a Stockholder.

 

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Section 12.2      Limitation of Director and Officer Liability.

 

(a)            Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law or in Section 12.2(b), no Director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its Stockholders for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Section 12.2(a), nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Section 12.2(a), shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

(b)            Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 12.2(a), the Corporation shall not provide that a Director, the Adviser or any Affiliate of the Corporation or the Adviser (the “Indemnitee”) be held harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Corporation, unless all of the following conditions are met:

 

(i)            The Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Corporation.

 

(ii)            The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Corporation.

 

(iii)            Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a Director (other than an Independent Director), the Adviser or an Affiliate of the Corporation or the Adviser or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an Independent Director.

 

(iv)            Such agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of Net Assets and not from the Stockholders.

 

Section 12.3      Indemnification.

 

(a)            Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law or in Section 12.3(b), Section 12.3(c) or in Section 12.4 hereof, the Corporation shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (i) any individual who is a present or former Director or officer of the Corporation and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, (ii) any individual who, while a Director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, member, manager or trustee of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (iii) the Adviser or any of its Affiliates acting as an agent of the Corporation who is made a party to, or witness in, the proceeding by reason of its services in that capacity. The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided to a Director or officer hereby shall vest immediately upon election of such Director or officer. The Corporation may, with the approval of the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a Person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (i) or (ii) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation. The Board may take such action as is necessary to carry out this Section 12.3(a). No amendment of the Charter or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate the right of indemnification provided hereunder with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.

 

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(b)            Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 12.2(a), following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the Corporation shall not provide for indemnification of an Indemnitee for any liability or loss suffered by such Indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met:

 

(i)            The Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Corporation.

 

(ii)            The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Corporation.

 

(iii)            Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a Director (other than an Independent Director), the Adviser or an Affiliate or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an Independent Director.

 

(iv)            Such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of Net Assets and not from the Stockholders.

 

(c)            Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in Section 12.2(a), following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the Corporation shall not provide indemnification to an Indemnitee and any persons acting as a broker-dealer for any loss, liability or expense arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the Indemnitee; (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the Indemnitee; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.

 

Section 12.4      Payment of Expenses. Following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the Corporation may pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by an Indemnitee in advance of final disposition of a proceeding only if all of the following are satisfied: (a) the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Corporation, (b) the Indemnitee provides the Corporation with written affirmation of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the Indemnitee has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Corporation as authorized by Section 12.3 hereof, (c) the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or, if by a Stockholder of the Corporation acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement and (d) the Indemnitee provides the Corporation with a written agreement to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Corporation, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that the Indemnitee did not comply with the requisite standard of conduct and is not entitled to indemnification.

 

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Section 12.5      Express Exculpatory Clauses in Instruments. Neither the Stockholders nor the Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation shall be liable under any written instrument creating an obligation of the Corporation by reason of their being Stockholders, Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation, and all Persons shall look solely to the Corporation’s assets for the payment of any claim under or for the performance of that instrument. The omission of the foregoing exculpatory language from any instrument shall not affect the validity or enforceability of such instrument and shall not render any Stockholder, Director, officer, employee or agent liable thereunder to any third party, nor shall the Directors or any officer, employee or agent of the Corporation be liable to anyone as a result of such omission.

 

ARTICLE XIII

 

AMENDMENTS

 

The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to the Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any Shares. All rights and powers conferred by the Charter on Stockholders, Directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation. Except for those amendments permitted to be made without Stockholder approval under Maryland law or by specific provision in the Charter, any amendment to the Charter shall be valid only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, including without limitation, (a) any amendment which would adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the Stockholders and (b) any amendment to Sections 7.2 and 7.5 of Article VII, Article IX, Article X, Article XII, Article XIV hereof or this Article XIII (or any other amendment of the Charter that would have the effect of amending such sections).

 

ARTICLE XIV

 

ROLL-UP TRANSACTIONS

 

In connection with any proposed Roll-Up Transaction following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, an appraisal of all of the Corporation’s assets shall be obtained from a competent Independent Appraiser. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of a Roll-Up Entity, the appraisal shall be filed with the SEC and the states as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering. The Corporation’s assets shall be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal shall be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and shall indicate the value of the assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed Roll-Up Transaction. The appraisal shall assume an orderly liquidation of the assets over a twelve-month period. The terms of the engagement of the Independent Appraiser shall clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of the Corporation and the Stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, shall be included in a report to Stockholders in connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction. In connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the Person sponsoring the Roll-Up Transaction shall offer to holders of Common Shares who vote against the proposed Roll-Up Transaction the choice of:

 

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(a)            accepting the securities of a Roll-Up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-Up Transaction; or

 

(b)            one of the following:

 

(i)            remaining as Stockholders and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or

 

(ii)            receiving cash in an amount equal to the Stockholder’s pro rata share of the appraised value of the Net Assets.

 

The Corporation is prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-Up Transaction following the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering:

 

(a)            that would result in the holders of Common Shares having democracy rights in a Roll-Up Entity that are less than the rights provided for in Sections 5.1 (limited to the provision that the Shares shall be fully paid and nonassessable when issued), 5.3, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.6, 12.1 and 12.5 hereof;

 

(b)            that includes provisions that would operate as a material impediment to, or frustration of, the accumulation of Shares by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-Up Entity (except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-Up Entity), or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-Up Entity on the basis of the number of Shares held by that investor;

 

(c)            in which investor’s rights to access of records of the Roll-Up Entity will be less than those described in Sections 11.4 and 11.5 hereof; or

 

(d)            in which any of the costs of the Roll-Up Transaction would be borne by the Corporation if the Roll-Up Transaction is rejected by the holders of Common Shares.

 

THIRD: The amendment and restatement of the charter of the Corporation as hereinabove set forth has been duly advised by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholder of the Corporation as required by law.

 

FOURTH: The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

FIFTH: The name and address of the Corporation’s current resident agent is as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

SIXTH: The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in office are as set forth in Article VII of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.

 

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SEVENTH: The undersigned acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned acknowledges that to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its Chief Executive Officer and President and attested to by its Secretary on this 11th day of May, 2023.

 

ATTEST:   BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
     

/s/ Matthew Campbell

 

/s/ Michael Glimcher

Name: Matthew Campbell   Name:   Michael Glimcher
Title: Secretary   Title:  Chief Executive Officer and President

 

 

 

EX-3.2 4 tm2226053d12_ex3-2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2

 

Exhibit 3.2

 

BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS

 

ARTICLE I

 

OFFICES

 

Section 1.1.   Principal Office. The principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland shall be located at such place as the Board of Directors may designate.

 

Section 1.2.   Additional Offices. The Corporation may have additional offices, including a principal executive office, at such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

 

ARTICLE II

 

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

 

Section 2.1.   Place. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at such other place as shall be set in accordance with these Bylaws and stated in the notice of the meeting.

 

Section 2.2.   Annual Meeting. An annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business within the powers of the Corporation shall be held on the date and at the time and place set by the Board of Directors, beginning in the year 2024, provided that the date of such meeting will be at least 30 days after delivery of the Corporation’s annual report to stockholders.

 

Section 2.3.   Special Meetings. The president, the chief executive officer, the chairperson of the board, a majority of the Board of Directors or a majority of the Independent Directors (as defined in the charter of the Corporation (the “Charter”)) may call a special meeting of the stockholders. Any such special meeting of stockholders shall be held on the date and at the time and place set by the president, the chief executive officer, the chairperson of the board, the Board of Directors or the Independent Directors, whoever has called the meeting. A special meeting of stockholders shall also be called by the secretary of the Corporation to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of stockholders upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than ten percent of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at such meeting. The written request must state the purpose of such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at such meeting. Within ten days after receipt of such written request, either in person or by mail, the secretary of the Corporation shall provide all stockholders with written notice, either in person or by mail, of such meeting and the purpose of such meeting. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, such meeting shall be held not less than 15 days nor more than 60 days after the secretary’s delivery of such notice. Subject to the foregoing sentence, such meeting shall be held at the time and place specified in the stockholder request; provided, however, that if none is so specified, such meeting shall be held at a time and place convenient to the stockholders.

 

 

 

 

Section 2.4.   Notice. Except as provided otherwise in Section 2.3 of this Article II, not less than ten nor more than 90 days before each meeting of stockholders, the secretary shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each stockholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting notice in writing or by electronic transmission stating the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as otherwise may be required by any statute, the purpose for which the meeting is called, by mail, by presenting it to such stockholder personally, by leaving it at the stockholder’s residence or usual place of business, by electronic transmission or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. If transmitted electronically, such notice shall be deemed to be given when transmitted to the stockholder by an electronic transmission to any address or number of the stockholder at which the stockholder receives electronic transmissions. The Corporation may give a single notice to all stockholders who share an address, which single notice shall be effective as to any stockholder at such address, unless such stockholder objects in writing to receiving such single notice or revokes in writing a prior consent to receiving such single notice. Failure to give notice of any meeting to one or more stockholders, or any irregularity in such notice, shall not affect the validity of any meeting fixed in accordance with this Article II or the validity of any proceedings at any such meeting.

 

Subject to Section 2.11(a) of this Article II, any business of the Corporation may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders without being specifically designated in the notice, except such business as is required by any statute to be stated in such notice. No business shall be transacted at a special meeting of stockholders except as specifically designated in the notice. The Corporation may postpone or cancel a meeting of stockholders by making a public announcement (as defined in Section 2.11(c)(3) of this Article II) of such postponement or cancellation prior to the meeting. Notice of the date, time and place to which the meeting is postponed shall be given not less than ten days prior to such date and otherwise in the manner set forth in this Section 2.4.

 

Section 2.5.   Organization and Conduct. Every meeting of stockholders shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board of Directors to be chairperson of the meeting or, in the absence of such appointment or appointed individual, by the chairperson of the board or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the chairperson of the board, by one of the following individuals present at the meeting in the following order: the lead independent director, if there is one, the chief executive officer, the president, the vice presidents in their order of rank and, within each rank, in their order of seniority, the secretary or, in the absence of such individuals, a chairperson chosen by the stockholders by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or by proxy. The secretary or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the secretary, an assistant secretary or an individual appointed by the Board of Directors or the chairperson of the meeting shall act as secretary. In the event that the secretary presides at a meeting of the stockholders, an assistant secretary or, in the absence of all assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of Directors or the chairperson of the meeting shall record the minutes of the meeting. Even if present at the meeting, the individual holding the office named herein may delegate to another individual the power to act as chairperson or secretary of the meeting. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the chairperson of the meeting. The chairperson of the meeting may prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of the chairperson and without any action by the stockholders, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b) limiting attendance or participation at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies and such other individuals as the chairperson of the meeting may determine; (c) recognizing speakers at the meeting and determining when and for how long speakers and any individual speaker may address the meeting; (d) determining when and for how long the polls should be opened and when the polls should be closed and when announcement of the results should be made; (e) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (f) removing any stockholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chairperson of the meeting; (g) concluding a meeting or recessing or adjourning the meeting, whether or not a quorum is present, to a later date and time and at a place either (i) announced at the meeting or (ii) provided at a future time through means announced at the meeting; and (h) complying with any state and local laws and regulations concerning safety and security. Unless otherwise determined by the chairperson of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with any rules of parliamentary procedure.

 

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Section 2.6.   Quorum. At any meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting on any matter shall constitute a quorum; but this section shall not affect any requirement under any statute or the Charter for the vote necessary for the approval of any matter. If such quorum is not established at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairperson of the meeting may adjourn the meeting with no appointed date for resumption or from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally convened.

 

The stockholders present either in person or by proxy, at a meeting which has been duly called and at which a quorum has been established, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal from the meeting of enough stockholders to leave fewer than would be required to establish a quorum. The date, time and place of the meeting, as reconvened, shall be either (a) announced at the meeting or (b) provided at a future time through means announced at the meeting.

 

Section 2.7.   Voting. The holders of a majority of the shares of stock of the Corporation entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present may, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board of Directors, vote to elect a director. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, prior to the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering (as defined in the Charter), a plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a director. Each share entitles the holder thereof to vote for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the holder is entitled to vote. A majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to approve any other matter which may properly come before the meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by statute or by the Charter. Unless otherwise provided by statute or by the Charter, each outstanding share of stock, regardless of class, entitles the holder thereof to cast one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders. Voting on any question or in any election may be oral rather than written unless the chairperson of the meeting shall order that voting be by ballot or otherwise.

 

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Section 2.8.   Proxies. A holder of record of shares of stock of the Corporation may cast votes in person or by proxy that is (a) executed by the stockholder or by the stockholder’s duly authorized agent in any manner permitted by applicable law, (b) compliant with Maryland law and these Bylaws and (c) filed in accordance with the procedures established by the Corporation. Such proxy or evidence of authorization of such proxy shall be filed with the record of the proceedings of the meeting. No proxy shall be valid more than eleven months after its date unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

 

Any stockholder directly or indirectly soliciting proxies from other stockholders must use a proxy card color other than white, which shall be reserved for the exclusive use by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 2.9.   Voting of Stock by Certain Holders. Stock of the Corporation registered in the name of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust or other entity, if entitled to be voted, may be voted by the president or a vice president, managing member, member, general partner or trustee thereof, as the case may be, or a proxy appointed by any of the foregoing individuals, unless some other person who has been appointed to vote such stock pursuant to a bylaw or a resolution of the governing body of such corporation or other entity or agreement of the partners of a partnership presents a certified copy of such bylaw, resolution or agreement, in which case such person may vote such stock. Any trustee or fiduciary, in such capacity, may vote stock registered in the name of such trustee or fiduciary, either in person or by proxy.

 

Shares of stock of the Corporation directly or indirectly owned by it shall not be voted at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled to be voted at any given time, unless they are held by it in a fiduciary capacity, in which case they may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

 

The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution a procedure by which a stockholder may certify in writing to the Corporation that any shares of stock registered in the name of the stockholder are held for the account of a specified person other than the stockholder. The resolution shall set forth the class of stockholders who may make the certification, the purpose for which the certification may be made, the form of certification and the information to be contained in it; if the certification is with respect to a record date, the time after the record date within which the certification must be received by the Corporation; and any other provisions with respect to the procedure which the Board of Directors considers necessary or appropriate. On receipt by the secretary of the Corporation of such certification, the person specified in the certification shall be regarded as, for the purposes set forth in the certification, the holder of record of the specified stock in place of the stockholder who makes the certification.

 

Section 2.10.   Inspectors. The Board of Directors or the chairperson of the meeting may appoint, before or at the meeting, one or more inspectors for the meeting and any successor to the inspector. Except as otherwise provided by the chairperson of the meeting, the inspectors, if any, shall (a) determine the number of shares of stock represented at the meeting, in person or by proxy, and the validity and effect of proxies, (b) receive and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, (c) report such tabulation to the chairperson of the meeting, (d) hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, and (e) do such acts as are proper to fairly conduct the election or vote. Each such report shall be in writing and signed by the inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting.

 

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If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.

 

Section 2.11.   Advance Notice of Stockholder Nominees for Director and Other Stockholder Proposals.

 

(a)            Annual Meetings of Stockholders.

 

(1)            Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered at an annual meeting of stockholders by the stockholders may be made (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record at the record date set by the Board of Directors for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting, at the time of giving of notice by the stockholder as provided for in this Section 2.11(a) and at the time of the annual meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof), who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated or on any such other business and who has complied with this Section 2.11(a).

 

(2)            For any nomination or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to Section 2.11(a)(1)(iii), the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the secretary of the Corporation and any such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by the stockholders. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall set forth all information and representations required under this Section 2.11 and shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the 150th day nor later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the 120th day prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section 2.11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in connection with the Corporation’s first annual meeting or in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than 30 days from the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the 150th day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the later of the 120th day prior to the date of such annual meeting, as originally convened, or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. The postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting (or public announcement thereof) shall not commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

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(3)            Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth:

 

i.as to each individual whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (each, a “Proposed Nominee”), all information relating to the Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of the Proposed Nominee as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be required in connection with such solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules thereunder;

 

ii.as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, (a) a description of such business (including the text of any proposal), the stockholder’s reasons for proposing such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder or the Stockholder Associated Person therefrom, or any agreement, arrangement or understanding in relation thereto and (b) any other information relating to such item of business that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filing required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies in support of the business proposed to be brought before the meeting pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) of the Exchange Act;

 

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iii.as to the stockholder giving the notice, any Proposed Nominee and any Stockholder Associated Person, (a) the class, series and number of all shares of stock or other securities of the Corporation (collectively, the “Company Securities”), if any, which are owned (beneficially or of record) by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, (b) the date on which each such Company Security was acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition and (c) the nominee holder for, and number of, any Company Securities owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person (d) whether and the extent to which such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, directly or indirectly (through brokers, nominees or otherwise), is subject to or during the previous six months has engaged in any hedging, derivative or other transaction or series of transactions or entered into any other agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short interest, any borrowing or lending of securities or any proxy or voting agreement), the effect or intent of which is to (I) manage risk or benefit of changes in the price of Company Securities for such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person or (II) increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person in the Corporation disproportionately to such person’s economic interest in the Company Securities; and (e) any substantial interest, direct or indirect (including, without limitation, any existing or prospective commercial, business or contractual relationship with the Corporation), by security holdings or otherwise, of such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, in the Corporation or any affiliate thereof, other than an interest arising from the ownership of Company Securities where such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person receives no extra or special benefit not shared on a pro rata basis by all other holders of the same class or series;

 

iv.as to the stockholder giving the notice, any Stockholder Associated Person with an interest or ownership referred to in clauses (ii) or (iii) of this paragraph (3) of this Section 2.11(a) and any Proposed Nominee, (a) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s stock ledger, and the current name and address, if different, of each such Stockholder Associated Person and any Proposed Nominee and (b) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such stockholder and each such Stockholder Associated Person who is not an individual and a copy of the prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to investors or potential investors in such stockholder and each such Stockholder Associated Person;

 

v.the name and address of any person who contacted or was contacted by the stockholder giving the notice or any Stockholder Associated Person about the Proposed Nominee or other business proposal;

 

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vi.to the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and address of any other stockholder supporting the Proposed Nominee or the proposal of other business;

 

vii.if the stockholder is proposing one or more proposals, a representation whether the stockholder or a Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends (a) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to the Corporation’s stockholders and/or (b) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of the Proposed Nominee or other business proposal;

 

viii.if the stockholder is proposing one or more Proposed Nominees, a representation that such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person intends or is part of a group which intends to solicit the holders of shares representing at least 67% of the voting power of shares entitled to vote on the election of directors in support of Proposed Nominees in accordance with Rule 14a-19 of the Exchange Act; and

 

ix.all other information regarding the stockholder giving the notice and each Stockholder Associated Person that would be required to be disclosed by the stockholder in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be required in connection with such a solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act.

 

(4)            Such stockholder’s notice shall, with respect to any Proposed Nominee, be accompanied by a written representation executed by the Proposed Nominee:

 

i.that such Proposed Nominee (a) is not, and will not become, a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation, and (b) consents to be named in a proxy statement as a nominee (c) consents to serve as a director of the Corporation if elected (d) will notify the Corporation simultaneously with the notification to the stockholder of the Proposed Nominee’s actual or potential unwillingness or inability to serve as a director and (e) does not need any permission or consent from any third party to serve as a director of the Corporation, if elected, that has not been obtained, including any employer or any other board or governing body on which such Proposed Nominee serves;

 

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ii.stating whether such Proposed Nominee, if elected, would be an Independent Director;

 

iii.attaching copies of any and all requisite permissions and consents;

 

iv.attaching a completed Proposed Nominee questionnaire (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Corporation, upon request by the stockholder providing the notice, and shall include all information relating to the Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of the Proposed Nominee as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be required in connection with such solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, or would be required pursuant to the rules of any national securities exchange on which any securities of the Corporation are listed or over-the-counter market on which any securities of the Corporation are traded); and

 

v.written representation executed by the stockholder that such stockholder will (a) comply with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act in connection with such stockholder’s solicitation of proxies in support of any Proposed Nominee; (b) notify the Corporation as promptly as practicable of any determination by the stockholder to no longer solicit proxies for the election of any Proposed Nominee as a director at the annual meeting; (c) furnish such other or additional information as the Corporation may request for the purpose of determining whether the requirements of this Section 2.11 have been complied with and of evaluating any nomination or other business described in the stockholder’s notice; and (d) appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate any Proposed Nominees or to bring such business before the meeting, as applicable, and acknowledges that if the stockholder does not so appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to nominate such Proposed Nominees or bring such business before the meeting, as applicable, the Corporation need not bring such Proposed Nominee or such business for a vote at such meeting and any proxies or votes cast in favor of the election of any such Proposed Nominee or of any proposal related to such other business need not be counted or considered.

 

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(5)            Notwithstanding anything in this subsection (a) of this Section 2.11 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors is increased, and there is no public announcement of such action at least 130 days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section 2.11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by Section 2.11(a)(1)(iii) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the tenth day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

 

(6)            For purposes of this Section 2.11, “Stockholder Associated Person” of any stockholder shall mean (i) any person acting in concert with such stockholder or another Stockholder Associated Person or who is otherwise a participant (as defined in Instruction 3 to Item 4 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) in the solicitation, (ii) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder (other than a stockholder that is a depositary) and (iii) any person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person.

 

(b)            Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting and, except as contemplated by and in accordance with the next two sentences of this Section 2.11(b), no stockholder may nominate an individual for election to the Board of Directors or make a proposal of other business to be considered at a special meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the special meeting has been called in accordance with Section 2.3 of this Article II for the purpose of electing directors, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the record date set by the Board of Directors for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to vote at the special meeting, at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 2.11 and at the time of the special meeting (and any postponement or adjournment thereof), who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 2.11. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more individuals to the Board of Directors, any stockholder may nominate an individual or individuals (as the case may be) for election as a director as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice, containing the information and representations required by paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this Section 2.11, is delivered to the secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting. The postponement or adjournment of a special meeting (or public announcement thereof) shall not commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

 

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(c)            General.

 

(1)            If any information or representation submitted pursuant to this Section 2.11 by any stockholder proposing a nominee for election as a director or any proposal for other business at a meeting of stockholders, including any information or representation from a Proposed Nominee, shall be inaccurate in any material respect, such information or representation may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 2.11. Any such stockholder shall notify the Corporation of any inaccuracy or change (within two business days of becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change) in any such information or representation. Upon written request by the secretary or the Board of Directors, any such stockholder or Proposed Nominee shall provide, within five business days of delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (i) written verification, satisfactory, in the discretion of the Board of Directors or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 2.11, (ii) a written update of any information (including, if requested by the Corporation, written confirmation by such stockholder that it continues to intend to bring such nomination or other business proposal before the meeting and, if applicable, satisfy the requirements of Rule 14a19(a)(3)) submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 2.11 as of an earlier date and (iii) an updated representation by each Proposed Nominee that such individual will serve as a director of the Corporation if elected. If a stockholder or Proposed Nominee fails to provide such written verification, update or representation within such period, the information as to which such written verification, update or representation was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 2.11.

 

(2)            Only such individuals who are nominated in accordance with this Section 2.11 shall be eligible for election by stockholders as directors, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 2.11. A stockholder proposing a Proposed Nominee shall have no right to (i) nominate a number of Proposed Nominees that exceed the number of directors to be elected at the meeting or (ii) substitute or replace any Proposed Nominee unless such substitute or replacement is nominated in accordance with this Section 2.11 (including the timely provision of all information and representations with respect to such substitute or replacement Proposed Nominee in accordance with the deadlines set forth in this Section 2.11). If the Corporation provides notice to a stockholder that the number of Proposed Nominees proposed by such stockholder exceeds the number of directors to be elected at a meeting, the stockholder must provide written notice to the Corporation within five Business Days stating the names of the Proposed Nominees that have been withdrawn so that the number of Proposed Nominees proposed by such stockholder no longer exceeds the number of directors to be elected at a meeting. If any individual who is nominated in accordance with this Section 2.11 becomes unwilling or unable to serve on the Board of Directors, then the nomination with respect to such individual shall no longer be valid and no votes may validly be cast for such individual. The chairperson of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with this Section 2.11.

 

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(3)            Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, the Corporation shall disregard any proxy authority granted in favor of, or votes for, director nominees other than the Corporation’s nominees if the stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person (each, a “Soliciting Stockholder”) soliciting proxies in support of such director nominees abandons the solicitation or does not (i) comply with Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act, including any failure by the Soliciting Stockholder to (A) provide the Corporation with any notices required thereunder in a timely manner or (B) comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) and Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act or (ii) timely provide sufficient evidence in the determination of the Board of Directors sufficient to satisfy the Corporation that such Soliciting Stockholder has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence. Upon request by the Corporation, such Soliciting Stockholder shall deliver to the Corporation, no later than five Business Days prior to the applicable meeting, sufficient evidence in the judgment of the Board of Directors that it has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act.

 

(4)            For purposes of this Section 2.11, “the date of the proxy statement” shall have the same meaning as “the date of the company’s proxy statement released to shareholders” as used in Rule 14a-8(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as interpreted by the Securities and Exchange Commission from time to time. “Public announcement” shall mean disclosure (i) in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, Business Wire, PR Newswire or other widely circulated news or wire service or (ii) in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

(5)            Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.11, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 2.11. Nothing in this Section 2.11 shall be deemed to affect any right of a stockholder to request inclusion of a proposal in, or the right of the Corporation to omit a proposal from, any proxy statement filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act. Nothing in this Section 2.11 shall require disclosure of revocable proxies received by, or routine solicitation contacts made by or on behalf of, the stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person pursuant to a solicitation of proxies after the filing of a definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated.

 

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(6)            Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, except as otherwise determined by the chairperson of the meeting, if the stockholder giving notice as provided for in this Section 2.11 does not appear in person or by proxy at such annual or special meeting to present each nominee for election as a director or the proposed business, as applicable, such matter shall not be considered at the meeting.

 

Section 2.12.   Telephone and Remote Communication Meetings. The Board of Directors or chairperson of the meeting may permit one or more stockholders to participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment in any manner permitted by Maryland law. In addition, the Board of Directors may determine that a meeting not be held at any place, but instead may be held solely by means of remote communication in any matter permitted by Maryland law. Participation in a meeting by these means constitutes presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 2.13.   Control Share Acquisition Act. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws, Title 3, Subtitle 7 of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or any successor statute (the “MGCL”), shall not apply to any acquisition by any person of shares of stock of the Corporation. This section may be repealed, in whole or in part, at any time, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares and, upon such repeal, may, to the extent provided by any successor bylaw, apply to any prior or subsequent control share acquisition.

 

ARTICLE III

 

DIRECTORS

 

Section 3.1.   General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3.2.   Number, Tenure and Resignation. A majority of the entire Board of Directors may establish, increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number thereof shall never be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL (or, upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, three) nor more than 15, and further provided that the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any decrease in the number of directors. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the Board of Directors, the chairperson of the board or the secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation. Directors may be removed as set forth in the Charter.

 

Section 3.3.   Regular Meetings. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place of regular meetings of the Board of Directors without other notice than such resolution.

 

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Section 3.4.   Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the chairperson of the board, the chief executive officer, the president or a majority of the directors then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors may fix the time and place of any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place of special meetings of the Board of Directors without other notice than such resolution.

 

Section 3.5.   Notice. Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally or by telephone, electronic mail, facsimile transmission, courier or United States mail to each director at his or her business or residence address. Notice by personal delivery, telephone, electronic mail or facsimile transmission shall be given at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. Notice by courier shall be given at least two days prior to the meeting. Notice by United States mail shall be given at least three days prior to the meeting. Telephone notice shall be deemed to be given when the director or his or her agent is personally given such notice in a telephone call to which the director or his or her agent is a party. Electronic mail notice shall be deemed to be given upon transmission of the message to the electronic mail address given to the Corporation by the director. Facsimile transmission notice shall be deemed to be given upon completion of the transmission of the message to the number given to the Corporation by the director and receipt of a completed answer-back indicating receipt. Notice by courier shall be deemed to be given when deposited with or delivered to a courier properly addressed. Notice by United States mail shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail properly addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be stated in the notice, unless specifically required by statute or these Bylaws.

 

Section 3.6.   Quorum. A majority of the directors then in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, provided that, if less than a majority of such directors is present at such meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, and provided further that if, pursuant to applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority or other percentage of a specified group of directors is required for action, a quorum must also include a majority or such other percentage of such group.

 

The directors present at a meeting which has been duly called and at which a quorum has been established may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal from the meeting of enough directors to leave fewer than required to establish a quorum.

 

Section 3.7.   Voting. The action of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws. If enough directors have withdrawn from a meeting to leave fewer than required to establish a quorum but the meeting is not adjourned, the action of the majority of that number of directors necessary to constitute a quorum at such meeting shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws.

 

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Section 3.8.   Organization. At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the chairperson of the board or, in the absence of the chairperson, the lead independent director, if any, shall act as chairperson of the meeting. In the absence of both the chairperson of the board and the lead independent director, the chief executive officer or, in the absence of the chief executive officer, the president or, in the absence of the president, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present shall act as chairperson of the meeting. The secretary or, in his or her absence, an assistant secretary of the Corporation or, in the absence of the secretary and all assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the chairperson of the meeting shall act as secretary of the meeting.

 

Section 3.9.   Telephone Meetings. Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 3.10.   Consent by Directors Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to such action is given by each director and is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors.

 

Section 3.11.   Vacancies. If for any reason any or all of the directors cease to be directors, such event shall not terminate the Corporation or affect these Bylaws or the powers of the remaining directors hereunder. Until such time as the Corporation becomes subject to Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL, any vacancy on the Board of Directors for any cause other than an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority of the remaining directors, even if such majority is less than a quorum; any vacancy in the number of directors created by an increase in the number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the entire Board of Directors; and any individual so elected as director shall serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. At such time as the Corporation becomes subject to Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL and except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, any vacancy on the Board of Directors may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies. Independent Directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies among the Independent Directors’ positions.

 

Section 3.12.   Compensation. Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors but, by resolution of the Board of Directors, may receive compensation per year and/or per meeting and/or per visit to real property or other facilities owned or leased by the Corporation and for any service or activity they perform or engage in as directors, including under any incentive plan approved by the Board of Directors. Directors may be reimbursed for expenses of attendance, if any, at each annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof and for their expenses, if any, in connection with each property visit and any other service or activity they perform or engage in as directors; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any directors from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

 

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Section 3.13.   Reliance. Each director and officer of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties with respect to the Corporation, be entitled to rely on any information, opinion, report or statement, including any financial statement or other financial data, prepared or presented by an officer or employee of the Corporation whom the director or officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented, by a lawyer, certified public accountant or other person, as to a matter which the director or officer reasonably believes to be within the person’s professional or expert competence, or, with respect to a director, by a committee of the Board of Directors on which the director does not serve, as to a matter within its designated authority, if the director reasonably believes the committee to merit confidence.

 

Section 3.14.   Certain Rights of Directors and Officers. A director or officer shall have no responsibility to devote his or her full time to the affairs of the Corporation. Any director or officer, in his or her personal capacity or in his or her capacity as an affiliate, employee, or agent of any other person, or otherwise, may have business interests and engage in business activities similar to, in addition to or in competition with those of or relating to the Corporation.

 

Section 3.15.   Ratification. The Board of Directors or the stockholders may ratify any act, omission, failure to act or determination made not to act (an “Act”) by the Corporation or its officers to the extent that the Board of Directors or the stockholders could have originally authorized the Act and, if so ratified, such Act shall have the same force and effect as if originally duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon the Corporation and its stockholders. Any Act questioned in any proceeding on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a director, officer or stockholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, the application of improper principles or practices of accounting, or otherwise, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or by the stockholders, and such ratification shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned Act.

 

Section 3.16.   Emergency Provisions. Notwithstanding any other provision in the Charter or these Bylaws, this Section 3.16 shall apply during the existence of any catastrophe, or other similar emergency condition, as a result of which a quorum of the Board of Directors under Article III of these Bylaws cannot readily be obtained (an “Emergency”). During any Emergency, unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, (a) a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof may be called by any director or officer by any means feasible under the circumstances; (b) notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors during such an Emergency may be given less than 24 hours prior to the meeting to as many directors and by such means as may be feasible at the time, including publication, television or radio; and (c) the number of directors necessary to constitute a quorum shall be one-third of the entire Board of Directors.

 

ARTICLE IV

 

COMMITTEES

 

Section 4.1.   Number, Tenure and Qualifications. The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members committees, composed of one or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. A majority of the members of each committee shall be Independent Directors. In the absence of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint another director to act in the place of such absent member.

 

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Section 4.2.   Powers. The Board of Directors may delegate to any committee appointed under Section 1 of this Article any of the powers of the Board of Directors, except as prohibited by law. Except as may be otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, any committee may delegate some or all of its power and authority to one or more subcommittees, composed of one or more directors, as the committee deems appropriate in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

Section 4.3.   Meetings. Notice of committee meetings shall be given in the same manner as notice for special meetings of the Board of Directors. A majority of the members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the committee. The act of a majority of the committee members present at a meeting shall be the act of such committee. The Board of Directors or, in the absence of such designation, the applicable committee may designate a chairperson of any committee, and such chairperson or, in the absence of a chairperson, any two members of any committee (if there are at least two members of the committee) may fix the time and place of its meeting unless the Board shall otherwise provide. In the absence of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint another director to act in the place of such absent member.

 

Section 4.4.   Meetings by Remote Communication. Members of a committee of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

Section 4.5.   Consent by Committees Without a Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to such action is given by each member of the committee and is filed with the minutes of proceedings of such committee.

 

Section 4.6.   Vacancies. Subject to the provisions hereof, the Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any committee, to appoint the chair of any committee, to fill any vacancy, to designate an alternate member to replace any absent or disqualified member or to dissolve any such committee.

 

ARTICLE V

 

OFFICERS

 

Section 5.1.   General Provisions. The officers of the Corporation shall include a president, a secretary and a treasurer and may include a chairperson of the board, a vice chairperson of the board, a chief executive officer, one or more vice presidents, a chief financial officer, a chief investment officer, one or more assistant secretaries and one or more assistant treasurers. In addition, the Board of Directors may from time to time elect such other officers with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary or appropriate. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors, for such term as the Board of Directors may determine, except that the chief executive officer or president may from time to time appoint one or more vice presidents, assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers or other officers. Each officer shall serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until his or her death, or his or her resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two or more offices except president and vice president may be held by the same person. Election of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights between the Corporation and such officer or agent.

 

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Section 5.2.   Removal and Resignation. Any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors if in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the Board of Directors, the chairperson of the board, the lead independent director, the chief executive officer, the president or the secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation. Such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation.

 

Section 5.3.   Vacancies. A vacancy in any office may be filled by the Board of Directors for the balance of the term.

 

Section 5.4.   Chairperson of The Board. The Board of Directors may designate from among its members a chairperson of the board, who shall not, solely by reason of these Bylaws, be an officer of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate the chairperson of the board as an executive or non-executive chairperson. The chairperson of the board shall preside over the meetings of the Board of Directors. The chairperson of the board shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by these Bylaws or the Board of Directors.

 

Section 5.5.   Chief Executive Officer. The Board of Directors may designate a chief executive officer. In the absence of such designation, the chairperson of the board shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. The chief executive officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of the policies of the Corporation, as determined by the Board of Directors, and for the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of chief executive officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

 

Section 5.6.   Chief Financial Officer and Chief Investment Officer. The Board of Directors may designate a chief financial officer and/or a chief investment officer. Each of the chief financial officer and chief investment officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as determined by the Board of Directors or the chief executive officer.

 

Section 5.7.   President. In the absence of a chief executive officer, the president shall in general supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the Corporation. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of president and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

 

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Section 5.8.   Vice Presidents. In the absence of the president or in the event of a vacancy in such office, the vice president (or in the event there be more than one vice president, the vice presidents in the order designated at the time of their election or, in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to such vice president by the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more vice presidents as executive vice president, senior vice president, or vice president for particular areas of responsibility.

 

Section 5.9.   Secretary. The secretary shall, unless any such duty is delegated to an administrator or other third party appointed by the Board of Directors, (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and committees of the Board of Directors in one or more books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation; (d) keep a register of the address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the secretary by such stockholder; (e) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation; and (f) in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors.

 

Section 5.10.   Treasurer. The treasurer shall, unless any such duty is delegated to an administrator or other third party appointed by the Board of Directors, have the custody of the funds, securities and other property interests of the Corporation, keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation, deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors and in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors. In the absence of a designation of a chief financial officer by the Board of Directors, the treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation. The treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the president and Board of Directors, at the regular meetings of the Board of Directors or whenever it may so require, an account of all his or her transactions as treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.

 

Section 5.11.   Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers. The assistant secretaries and assistant treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the secretary or treasurer, respectively, or by the chief executive officer, the president or the Board of Directors.

 

Section 5.12.   Compensation. The compensation of the officers, if any, shall be fixed from time to time by or under the authority of the Board of Directors and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by reason of the fact that he or she is also a director. For the avoidance of doubt, it is understood that neither the Corporation nor the Board of Directors has the authority to determine the salary, bonus or any other compensation paid by the Corporation’s advisor to any director, officer, member, partner, employee or stockholder of the advisor or any of its affiliates, including any person who is also a director, officer or employee of the Corporation.

 

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ARTICLE VI

 

CONTRACTS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

 

Section 6.1.   Contracts. The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or agent to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Any agreement, deed, mortgage, lease or other document shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation when duly authorized or ratified by action of the Board of Directors and executed by an authorized person.

 

Section 6.2.   Checks and Drafts. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or agent of the Corporation in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

 

Section 6.3.   Deposits. All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited or invested from time to time to the credit of the Corporation as the Board of Directors, the chief executive officer, the president, the chief financial officer or any other officer designated by the Board of Directors may determine.

 

ARTICLE VII

 

STOCK

 

Section 7.1.   Certificates. Except as may otherwise be provided by the Board of Directors or any officer of the Corporation, stockholders of the Corporation are not entitled to certificates representing the shares of stock held by them. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock represented by certificates, such certificates shall be in such form as prescribed by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized officer, shall contain the statements and information required by the MGCL and shall be signed by the officers of the Corporation in any manner permitted by the MGCL. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock without certificates, to the extent then required by the MGCL, the Corporation shall provide to the record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates. There shall be no differences in the rights and obligations of stockholders based on whether or not their shares are represented by certificates.

 

Section 7.2.   Transfers. All transfers of shares of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation in such manner as the Board of Directors or any officer of the Corporation may prescribe and, if such shares are certificated, upon surrender of certificates duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer. The Corporation or, if authorized by the Corporation, the transfer agent of the Corporation shall cancel the old certificate and record the transaction on its books. The issuance of a new certificate upon the transfer of certificated shares is subject to the determination of the Board of Directors or an officer of the Corporation that such shares shall no longer be represented by certificates. Upon the transfer of any uncertificated shares the Corporation shall provide, to the extent then required by the MGCL, to the record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates.

 

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The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided by the laws of the State of Maryland.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, transfers of shares of any class or series of stock will be subject in all respects to the Charter and all of the terms and conditions contained therein.

 

Section 7.3.   Replacement Certificate. Any officer of the Corporation may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated; provided, however, if such shares have ceased to be certificated, no new certificate shall be issued unless requested in writing by such stockholder and the Board of Directors or an officer of the Corporation has determined that such certificates may be issued. Unless otherwise determined by an officer of the Corporation, the owner of such lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, shall be required, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates, to give the Corporation an indemnity or bond in such sums as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation.

 

Section 7.4.   Fixing of Record Date. The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose. Such record date, in any case, shall not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed and shall be not more than 90 days and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten days, before the date on which the meeting or particular action requiring such determination of stockholders of record is to be held or taken.

 

When a record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been set as provided in this section, such record date shall continue to apply to the meeting if postponed or adjourned, except if the meeting is postponed or adjourned to a date more than 120 days after the record date originally fixed for the meeting, in which case a new record date for such meeting may be determined as set forth herein.

 

Section 7.5.   Stock Ledger. The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office or at the office of its counsel, accountants or transfer agent, an original or duplicate stock ledger containing the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each class held by such stockholder.

 

21

 

 

Section 7.6.   Fractional Stock; Issuance of Units. The Board of Directors may authorize the Corporation to issue fractional shares of stock or authorize the issuance of scrip, all on such terms and under such conditions as it may determine. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of units consisting of different securities of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE VIII

 

ACCOUNTING YEAR

 

The Board of Directors shall have the power, from time to time, to fix the fiscal year of the Corporation by a duly adopted resolution.

 

ARTICLE IX

 

DISTRIBUTIONS

 

Section 9.1.   Authorization. Dividends and other distributions upon the stock of the Corporation may be authorized by the Board of Directors and declared by the Corporation, subject to the provisions of law and the Charter. Dividends and other distributions may be paid in cash, property or stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of law and the Charter.

 

Section 9.2.   Contingencies. Before payment of any dividend or other distribution, there may be set aside out of any assets of the Corporation available for dividends or other distributions such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may from time to time, in its sole discretion, think proper as a reserve fund for contingencies, for equalizing dividends, for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall determine, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

 

ARTICLE X

 

INVESTMENT POLICY

 

Subject to the provisions of the Charter, the Board of Directors may from time to time adopt, amend, revise or terminate any policy or policies with respect to investments by the Corporation as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion.

 

ARTICLE XI

 

SEAL

 

Section 11.1.   Seal. The Board of Directors may authorize the adoption of a seal by the Corporation. The seal shall contain the name of the Corporation and the year of its incorporation and the words “Incorporated Maryland.” The Board of Directors may authorize one or more duplicate seals and provide for the custody thereof.

 

22

 

 

Section 11.2.   Affixing Seal. Whenever the Corporation is permitted or required to affix its seal to a document, it shall be sufficient to meet the requirements of any law, rule or regulation relating to a seal to place the word “(SEAL)” adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to execute the document on behalf of the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE XII

 

WAIVER OF NOTICE

 

Whenever any notice of a meeting is required to be given pursuant to the Charter or these Bylaws or pursuant to applicable law, a waiver thereof in writing or by electronic transmission, given by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any meeting need be set forth in the waiver of notice of such meeting, unless specifically required by statute. The attendance of any person at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened.

 

ARTICLE XIII

 

AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

 

The Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of these Bylaws and to make new Bylaws.

 

 

23

 

EX-4.3 5 tm2226053d12_ex4-3.htm EXHIBIT 4.3

 

Exhibit 4.3

 

FORM OF BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
Class T, S, D, I and E Share Repurchase Plan
Effective as of [      ], 2023

 

Definitions

 

Adviser — BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership.

 

Class D shares — shall mean the shares of Common Stock classified as Class D.

 

Class E shares — shall mean the shares of Common Stock classified as Class E.

 

Class I shares — shall mean the shares of Common Stock classified as Class I.

 

Class S shares — shall mean the shares of Common Stock classified as Class S.

 

Class T shares — shall mean the shares of Common Stock classified as Class T.

 

Common Stock — shall mean the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company.

 

Company — shall mean BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.

 

Dealer Manager — shall mean BentallGreenOak Real Estate US LLC.

 

NAV — shall mean net asset value, determined in accordance with the Company’s Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines as described in the Company’s prospectus.

 

Operating Partnership — shall mean BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership.

 

Operating Partnership units — shall mean limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership.

 

Plan — shall mean this share repurchase plan of the Company, as the same may be amended from time to time.

 

Special Limited Partner — shall mean BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP.

 

Stockholders — shall mean the holders of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares and Class E shares.

 

Transaction Price — shall mean the repurchase price per share for each class of Common Stock, which shall be equal to the then-current public offering price before applicable selling commissions and dealer manager fees.

 

Share Repurchase Plan

 

Stockholders may request that the Company repurchase shares of its Common Stock through their financial advisor or directly with the Company’s transfer agent. The procedures relating to the repurchase of shares of Common Stock are as follows:

 

·Certain broker-dealers require that their clients process repurchases through their broker-dealer, which may impact the time necessary to process such repurchase request, impose more restrictive deadlines than described under this Plan, impact the timing of a Stockholder receiving repurchase proceeds and require different paperwork or process than described in this Plan. Stockholders should contact their broker-dealer first if they want to request the repurchase of their shares of Common Stock.

 

 

 

 

·Under this Plan, to the extent the Company chooses to repurchase shares in any particular month the Company will only repurchase shares as of the opening of the last calendar day of that month (a “Repurchase Date”). To have shares repurchased, a Stockholder's repurchase request and required documentation must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month. Settlements of share repurchases will generally be made within three business days of the Repurchase Date. Repurchase requests received and processed by the Company's transfer agent will be effected at a repurchase price equal to the Transaction Price on the applicable Repurchase Date (which will generally be equal to the prior month's NAV per share of Common Stock), subject to any Early Repurchase Deduction (as defined below).

 

·A Stockholder may withdraw his or her repurchase request by notifying the transfer agent, directly or through the Stockholder’s financial intermediary, on our toll-free, automated telephone line, 1-833-360-5519. The line is open on each business day between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. (Eastern time). Repurchase requests must be cancelled before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the last business day of the applicable month.

 

·If a repurchase request is received after 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month, the repurchase request will be executed, if at all, on the next month’s Repurchase Date at the Transaction Price applicable to that month (subject to any Early Repurchase Deduction), unless such request is withdrawn prior to the repurchase. Repurchase requests received and processed by the Company’s transfer agent on a business day, but after the close of business on that day or on a day that is not a business day, will be deemed received on the next business day. All questions as to the form and validity (including time of receipt) of repurchase requests and notices of withdrawal will be determined by the Company, in its sole discretion, and such determination shall be final and binding.

 

·Repurchase requests may be made by mail or by contacting a financial intermediary, both subject to certain conditions described in this Plan. If making a repurchase request by contacting the Stockholder’s financial intermediary, the Stockholder’s financial intermediary may require the Stockholder to provide certain documentation or information. If making a repurchase request by mail to the transfer agent, the Stockholder must complete and sign a repurchase authorization form, which can be found at the end of this Plan and which is available on our website, www.bgoireit.com. Written requests should be sent to the transfer agent at the following address:

 

BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
c/o SS&C GIDS, Inc.
PO Box 219378
Kansas City, MO 64121-9378

 

Overnight Address:
BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
c/o SS&C GIDS, Inc.
430 W 7th St. Suite 219378
Kansas City, MO 64105-1407

 

Toll Free Number: 1-833-360-5519

 

Corporate investors and other non-individual entities must have an appropriate certification on file authorizing repurchases. A signature guarantee may be required.

 

·For processed repurchases, Stockholders may request that repurchase proceeds are to be paid by mailed check provided that the check is mailed to an address on file with the transfer agent for at least 30 days. Stockholders should check with their broker-dealer that such payment may be made via check or wire transfer, as further described below.

 

·Stockholders may also receive repurchase proceeds via wire transfer, provided that wiring instructions for their brokerage account or designated U.S. bank account are provided. For all repurchases paid via wire transfer, the funds will be wired to the account on file with the transfer agent or, upon instruction, to another financial institution provided that the Stockholder has made the necessary funds transfer arrangements. The customer service representative can provide detailed instructions on establishing funding arrangements and designating a bank or brokerage account on file. Funds will be wired only to U.S. financial institutions (ACH network members).

 

2

 

 

·A medallion signature guarantee will be required in certain circumstances described below. A medallion signature guarantee may be obtained from a domestic bank or trust company, broker-dealer, clearing agency, savings association or other financial institution which participates in a medallion program recognized by the Securities Transfer Association. The three recognized medallion programs are the Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program, the Stock Exchanges Medallion Program and the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. Medallion Signature Program. Signature guarantees from financial institutions that are not participating in any of these medallion programs will not be accepted. A notary public cannot provide signature guarantees. The Company reserves the right to amend, waive or discontinue this policy at any time and establish other criteria for verifying the authenticity of any repurchase or transaction request. The Company may require a medallion signature guarantee if, among other reasons: (1) the amount of the repurchase request is over $500,000; (2) a Stockholder wishes to have repurchase proceeds transferred by wire to an account other than the designated bank or brokerage account on file for at least 30 days or sent to an address other than such Stockholder's address of record for the past 30 days; or (3) the Company's transfer agent cannot confirm a Stockholder's identity or suspects fraudulent activity.

 

·If a Stockholder has made multiple purchases of shares of Common Stock, any repurchase request will be processed on a first in/first out basis unless otherwise requested in the repurchase request.

 

Minimum Account Repurchases

 

In the event that any Stockholder fails to maintain the minimum balance of $500 of shares of Common Stock, the Company may repurchase all of the shares held by that Stockholder at the repurchase price in effect on the date the Company determines that such Stockholder has failed to meet the minimum balance, less any Early Repurchase Deduction. Minimum account repurchases will apply even in the event that the failure to meet the minimum balance is caused solely by a decline in the Company’s NAV. Minimum account repurchases are subject to Early Repurchase Deduction.

 

Sources of Funds for Repurchases

 

The Company may fund repurchase requests from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds (including from sales of Common Stock or Operating Partnership units), and the Company has no limits on the amounts it may pay from such sources.

 

Repurchase Limitations

 

The Company may repurchase fewer shares than have been requested in any particular month to be repurchased under this Plan, or none at all, in its discretion at any time. In addition, the aggregate NAV of total repurchases of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares and Class E shares (including repurchases at certain non-U.S. investor access funds primarily created to hold shares of Common Stock but excluding any Early Repurchase Deduction applicable to the repurchased shares) will be limited to no more than 2% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per month (measured using the aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding month) and no more than 5% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per calendar quarter (measured using the average aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding three months).

 

In the event that the Company determines to repurchase some but not all of the shares submitted for repurchase during any month, shares submitted for repurchase during such month will be repurchased on a pro rata basis after the Company has repurchased all shares for which repurchase has been requested due to death, disability or divorce. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted by submitting a new repurchase request after the start of the next month or quarter, or upon the recommencement of this Plan, as applicable.

 

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If the Transaction Price for the applicable month is not made available by the tenth business day prior to the last business day of the month (or is changed after such date), then no repurchase requests will be accepted for such month and Stockholders who wish to have their shares repurchased the following month must resubmit their repurchase requests. The Transaction Price for each month will be available on our website at www.bgoireit.com and in prospectus supplements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

Should repurchase requests, in the Company’s judgment, place an undue burden on the Company’s liquidity, adversely affect the Company’s operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Company as a whole, or should the Company otherwise determine that investing its liquid assets in real properties or other investments rather than repurchasing the Company’s shares is in the best interests of the Company as a whole, the Company may choose to repurchase fewer shares in any particular month than have been requested to be repurchased, or none at all. Further, the Company’s board of directors may make exceptions to, modify or suspend for any period of time or indefinitely this Plan if, in its reasonable judgment, it deems such action to be in the best interest of the Company and its Stockholders. The Company’s board of directors cannot terminate this Plan absent a liquidity event which results in Stockholders receiving cash or securities listed on a national securities exchange or where otherwise required by law. Material modifications, including any amendment to the 2% monthly or 5% quarterly limitations on repurchases, to and suspensions of the Plan will be promptly disclosed to Stockholders in a prospectus supplement (or post-effective amendment if required by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) or special or periodic report filed by us. Material modifications will also be disclosed on the Company’s website. In addition, the Company may determine to suspend this Plan due to regulatory changes, changes in law or if the Company becomes aware of undisclosed material information that it believes should be publicly disclosed before shares are repurchased. Once this Plan is suspended, the Company’s board of directors will be required to consider at least quarterly whether the continued suspension of the Plan is in the best interests of the Company and the Stockholders. The Company’s board of directors must affirmatively authorize the recommencement of this Plan if it is suspended before Stockholder repurchase requests will be considered again.

 

As described in the Company’s prospectus, shares held by the Adviser acquired as payment of the Adviser’s management fee will not be subject to this Plan, including with respect to any repurchase limits, the Early Repurchase Deduction or the calculation of NAV. In addition, any repurchases of shares in respect of distributions on the performance participation interest will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction. Stockholders who are exchanging a class of the Company’s shares for an equivalent aggregate NAV of another class of the Company’s shares will not be subject to, and will not be treated as repurchases for the calculation of, the 2% monthly or 5% quarterly limitations on repurchases and will not be subject to the Early Repurchase Deduction.

 

Early Repurchase Deduction

 

There is no minimum holding period for shares of Common Stock and Stockholders can request that the Company repurchase their shares at any time. However, subject to limited exceptions, shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be repurchased at 95% of the Transaction Price (an “Early Repurchase Deduction”) on the applicable Repurchase Date. The one-year holding period is measured as of the first calendar day immediately following the prospective Repurchase Date. Additionally, Stockholders who have received shares of Common Stock in exchange for their Operating Partnership units may include the period of time such Stockholder held such Operating Partnership units for purposes of calculating the holding period for such shares of Common Stock. This Early Repurchase Deduction will also generally apply to minimum account repurchases. The Early Repurchase Deduction will not apply to shares acquired through our distribution reinvestment plan.

 

The Company may, from time to time, waive the Early Repurchase Deduction in the following circumstances (subject to conditions described below):

 

·repurchases resulting from death, qualifying disability or divorce;

 

·in the event that a Stockholder’s shares are repurchased because such Stockholder has failed to maintain the $500 minimum account balance; and

 

·due to trade or operational error.

 

4

 

 

As set forth above, the Company may waive the Early Repurchase Deduction in respect of repurchase of shares resulting from the death, qualifying disability (as such term is defined in Section 72(m)(7) of the Code) or divorce of a Stockholder who is a natural person, including shares held by such Stockholder through a trust or an individual retirement account or other retirement or profit-sharing plan, after (i) in the case of death, receiving written notice from the estate of the Stockholder, the recipient of the shares through bequest or inheritance, or, in the case of a trust, the trustee of such trust, who shall have the sole ability to request repurchase on behalf of the trust, (ii) in the case of qualified disability, receiving written notice from such Stockholder, provided that the condition causing the qualifying disability was not pre-existing on the date that the Stockholder became a Stockholder or (iii) in the case of divorce, receiving written notice from the Stockholder of the divorce and the Stockholder’s instructions to effect a transfer of the shares (through the repurchase of the shares by the Company and the subsequent purchase by the Stockholder) to a different account held by the Stockholder (including trust or an individual retirement account or other retirement or profit-sharing plan). The Company must receive the written repurchase request within 12 months after the death of the Stockholder, the initial determination of the Stockholder’s disability or divorce in order for the requesting party to rely on any of the special treatment described above that may be afforded in the event of the death, disability or divorce of a Stockholder. In the case of death, such a written request must be accompanied by a certified copy of the official death certificate of the Stockholder. If spouses are joint registered holders of shares, the request to have the shares repurchased may be made if either of the registered holders dies or acquires a qualified disability. If the Stockholder is not a natural person, such as certain trusts or a partnership, corporation or other similar entity, the right to waiver of the Early Repurchase Deduction upon death, disability or divorce does not apply.

 

In addition, shares of Common Stock are sold to certain feeder vehicles primarily created to hold shares of Common Stock that in turn offer interests in such feeder vehicles to non-U.S. persons. For such feeder vehicles and similar arrangements in certain markets, the Company will not apply the Early Repurchase Deduction to the feeder vehicles or underlying investors, often because of administrative or systems limitations. Further, the Company will not apply the Early Repurchase Deduction on repurchases of Common Stock submitted by discretionary model portfolio management programs (and similar arrangements) as approved by the Company.

 

Items of Note

 

·Stockholders will not receive interest on amounts represented by uncashed repurchase checks;

 

·Under applicable anti-money laundering regulations and other federal regulations, repurchase requests may be suspended, restricted or canceled and the proceeds may be withheld;

 

·IRS regulations require the Company to determine and disclose on Form 1099-B the adjusted cost basis for shares of Common Stock sold or repurchased. Although there are several available methods for determining the adjusted cost basis, unless a Stockholder elects otherwise, which such Stockholder may do by checking the appropriate box on the repurchase authorization form or calling the Company’s customer service number at 1-833-360-5519, the Company will utilize the first-in-first-out method; and

 

·All shares of Common Stock requested to be repurchased must be beneficially owned by the Stockholder of record making the request or his or her estate, heir or beneficiary, or the party requesting the repurchase must be authorized to do so by the Stockholder of record of the shares or his or her estate, heir or beneficiary, and such shares of Common Stock must be fully transferable and not subject to any liens or encumbrances. In certain cases, the Company may ask the requesting party to provide evidence satisfactory to the Company that the shares requested for repurchase are not subject to any liens or encumbrances. If the Company determines that a lien exists against the shares, the Company will not be obligated to repurchase any shares subject to the lien.

 

Mail and Telephone Instructions

 

The Company and its transfer agent will not be responsible for the authenticity of mail or phone instructions or losses, if any, resulting from unauthorized Stockholder transactions if they reasonably believe that such instructions were genuine. The Company’s transfer agent has established reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions are genuine including requiring the Stockholder to provide certain specific identifying information on file and sending written confirmation to Stockholders of record. Failure by the Stockholder or its agent to notify the Company’s transfer agent in a timely manner, but in no event more than 60 days from receipt of such confirmation, that the instructions were not properly acted upon or any other discrepancy will relieve the Company, the Company’s transfer agent and the financial advisor of any liability with respect to the discrepancy.

 

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REPURCHASE AUTHORIZATION

FOR BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

 

Use this form to request repurchase of your shares in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. Please complete all sections below.

 

1. REPURCHASE FROM THE FOLLOWING ACCOUNT
 
Name(s) on the Account
 
Account Number Social Security Number/TIN
 
Financial Advisor Name Financial Advisor Phone Number
 
2. REPURCHASE AMOUNT (Check one, required) 3. REPURCHASE TYPE (Check one, required)
 
¨ All Shares ¨ Normal
 
¨ Number of Shares                            ¨ Death
 
¨ Dollar Amount $                             ¨ Disability
 
  ¨ Divorce

 

Additional documentation is required if repurchasing due to Death, Disability or Divorce. Contact Investor Relations for detailed instructions at 1-833-360-5519.

 

4. PAYMENT INSTRUCTIONS (Select only one)

 

Indicate how you wish to receive your repurchase payment below. If an option is not selected, a check will be sent to your address of record. Repurchase proceeds for qualified accounts, including IRAs and other Custodial accounts, and certain Broker-controlled accounts as required by your Broker/Dealer of record, will automatically be issued to the Custodian or Broker/Dealer of record, as applicable. All Custodial held and Broker-controlled accounts must include the Custodian and/or Broker/Dealer signature.

 

¨Cash/Check Mailed to Address of Record

 

¨Cash/Check Mailed to Third Party/Custodian (Signature Guarantee required)

 

¨I authorize BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. or its agent to deposit my distribution into my checking or savings account.

 

   
Name / Entity Name / Financial Institution Mailing Address
   
   
City State Zip Code Account Number

 

¨ Cash/Direct Deposit Attach a pre-printed voided check. (Non-Custodian Investors Only)

 

I authorize BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. or its agent to deposit my distribution into my checking or savings account. In the event that BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. deposits funds erroneously into my account, they are authorized to debit my account for an amount not to exceed the amount of the erroneous deposit.

 

       
Financial Institution Name Mailing Address City State

 

   
Your Bank’s ABA Routing Number Your Bank Account Number

 

1

 

 

Please Attach a Pre-Printed Voided Check

 

5. SHARE REPURCHASE PLAN CONSIDERATIONS (Select only one)  

 

Our share repurchase plan contains limitations on the number of shares that can be repurchased under the plan during any month and quarter. In addition to these limitations, we cannot guarantee that we will have sufficient funds to accommodate all repurchase requests made in any applicable repurchase period and we may elect to repurchase fewer shares than have been requested in any particular month, or none at all. If the number of shares subject to repurchase requests exceeds the then applicable limitations, or if we otherwise do not make all requested repurchases, each shareholder’s request will be reduced on a pro rata basis after we have repurchased all shares for which repurchase has been requested due to death, disability or divorce. If repurchase requests are reduced on a pro rata basis after we have repurchased all shares for which repurchase has been requested due to death, disability or divorce, you may elect (at the time of your repurchase request) to either withdraw your entire request for repurchase or have your request honored on a pro-rata basis. If you wish to have the remainder of your initial request repurchased, you must resubmit a new repurchase request for the remaining amount. Please select one of the following options below. If an option is not selected, your repurchase request will be processed on a pro-rata basis, if needed.

 

¨Process my repurchase request on a pro-rata basis.

 

¨Withdraw (do not process) my entire repurchase request if amount will be reduced on a pro-rata basis.

 

6. COST BASIS SELECTION (Select only one)

 

U.S. federal income tax information reporting rules generally apply to certain transactions in our shares. Where they apply, the “cost basis” calculated for the shares involved will be reported to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and to you. Generally these rules apply to our shares, including those purchased through our distribution reinvestment plan. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding the consequences of these new rules and your cost basis reporting options.

 

Indicate below the cost basis method you would like us to apply.

 

IMPORTANT: If an option is not selected, your cost basis will be calculated using the FIFO method.

 

¨FIFO (First — In / First Out)

 

¨LIFO (Last — In / First Out) Consult your tax advisor to determine whether this method is available to you.

 

¨Specific Lots

 

If you have selected “Specific Lots,” please identify the lots below:

 

Date of Purchase: Amount of Purchase:
   
Date of Purchase: Amount of Purchase:
   
Date of Purchase: Amount of Purchase:

 

7. AUTHORIZATION AND SIGNATURE

 

IMPORTANT: Signature Guarantee may be required if any of the following applies:

 

·Amount to be repurchased is $500,000 or more.
  
·The repurchase is to be sent to an address other than the address we have had on record for the past 30 days.
  
·The repurchase is to be sent to an address other than the address on record.
  
·If name has changed from the name in the account registration, we must have a one-and-the-same name signature guarantee. A one-and-the-same signature guarantee must state “<Previous Name> is one-and-the-same as <New Name>“ and you must sign your old and new name.
  
·The repurchase proceeds are deposited directly according to banking instructions provided on this form. (Non-Custodial Investors Only)

 

2

 

 

Investor Name (Please Print)   Signature   Date
         
         
Co-Investor Name (Please Print)   Signature   Date

 

 

Signature Guarantee   Custodian and/or Broker/Dealer Authorization
(Affix Medallion or Signature Guarantee Stamp Below)   (if applicable)
     
     
    Signature of Authorized Person

 

* Please refer to the prospectus you received in connection with your initial investment in BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., as amended by any amendments or supplements to that prospectus, for a description of the current terms of our share repurchase plan. A copy of the prospectus, as amended and supplemented to date, is located at www.bgoireit.com and at www.sec.gov. The repurchase price will be available in our prospectus supplements and at www.bgoireit.com and www.sec.gov. There are various limitations on your ability to request that we repurchase your shares, including, subject to certain exceptions, an early repurchase deduction if your shares have been outstanding for less than one year. Please see a copy of the applicable prospectus, as amended and supplemented to date, for the current repurchase price. In addition, the aggregate NAV of total repurchases of Class T shares, Class S shares, Class D shares, Class I shares and Class E shares (including repurchases at certain non-U.S. investor access funds primarily created to hold shares of the Company but excluding any Early Repurchase Deduction applicable to the repurchased shares) will be limited to no more than 2% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per month (measured using the aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding month) and no more than 5% of the Company’s aggregate NAV per calendar quarter (measured using the average aggregate NAV as of the end of the immediately preceding three months). Our board of directors may determine to make exceptions to, amend or suspend our share repurchase plan without stockholder approval. Material modifications to and suspensions of the share repurchase plan will be disclosed in a filing with the SEC at www.sec.gov. which will also be made available at www.bgoireit.com. Repurchase of shares, when requested, will generally be made monthly; provided however, that the board of directors may determine from time to time to adjust the timing of repurchases. All requests for repurchases must be received in good order by 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the second to last business day of the applicable month. A Stockholder may withdraw his or her repurchase request by notifying the transfer agent, directly or through the Stockholder’s financial intermediary, on our toll-free, automated telephone line, 1-833-360-5519. Repurchase requests must be cancelled before 4:00 p.m. (Eastern time) on the applicable Repurchase Date (or if such Repurchase Date is not a business day, the prior business day). We cannot guarantee that we will have sufficient available funds or that we will otherwise be able to accommodate any or all requests made in any applicable repurchase period. All questions as to the form and validity (including time of receipt) of repurchase requests and notices of withdrawal will be determined by the Company, in its sole discretion, and such determination shall be final and binding.

 

Mail to: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. ■ c/o SS&C GIDS, Inc. ■ PO Box 219378 ■ Kansas City, MO 64121-9378

 

Overnight Delivery: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. ■ c/o SS&C GIDS, Inc. ■ 430 W 7th St. Suite 219378 ■ Kansas City, MO 64105-1407

 

Investor Relations: 1-833-360-5519

 

3

 

EX-5.1 6 tm2226053d12_ex5-1.htm EXHIBIT 5.1

 

Exhibit 5.1

 

Hogan Lovells US LLP

Columbia Square

555 Thirteenth Street, NW

Washington, DC 20004

T +1 202 637 5600

F +1 202 637 5910

www.hoganlovells.com

 

May 12, 2023

 

Board of Directors

BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor

New York, New York 10022

 

To the addressee referred to above:

 

We are acting as Maryland counsel to BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), in connection with its registration statement on Form S-11, as amended (the “Registration Statement”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), relating to the offer and sale from time to time of up to $5,000,000,000 in shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “Common Stock”), consisting of Class D Common Stock (the “Class D Shares”), Class I Common Stock (the “Class I Shares”), Class S Common Stock (the “Class I Shares”), and Class T Common Stock (the “Class T Shares”). $4,000,000,000 in Shares are issuable in a primary offering in accordance with the offering procedures described in the Registration Statement (the “Offering”) pursuant to the subscription agreements (the form of which is attached as Appendix C of the Registration Statement) (the “Subscription Agreements”) and $1,000,000,000 in Shares are issuable pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan (the form of which is attached as Appendix B of the Registration Statement) (the “Plan”), subject to the right of the Company to reallocate Shares between the Offering and the Plan as described in the Registration Statement. This opinion letter is furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. § 229.601(b)(5), in connection with the Registration Statement.

 

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined copies of such agreements, instruments, and documents as we have deemed an appropriate basis on which to render the opinions hereinafter expressed. In our examination of the aforesaid documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the authenticity of all original documents, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies (including pdfs). We also have assumed that the Shares will not be issued in violation of the ownership limit contained in the Company’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement, and that upon the issuance of Class D Shares, Class I Shares, Class S Shares or Class T Shares, the total number of shares of such class issued and outstanding will not exceed the total number of shares of such class that the Company is then authorized to issue under the charter of the Company. We note that, as of the date hereof, there are 600,000,000 shares of each of Class D Shares, Class I Shares, Class S Shares and Class T shares authorized and available for issuance under the charter. As to all matters of fact, we have relied on the representations and statements of fact made in the documents so reviewed, and we have not independently established the facts so relied on. This opinion letter is given, and all statements herein are made, in the context of the foregoing.

 

Hogan Lovells US LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in the District of Columbia. “Hogan Lovells” is an international legal practice that includes Hogan Lovells US LLP and Hogan Lovells International LLP, with offices in: Alicante Amsterdam Baltimore Beijing Birmingham Boston Brussels Colorado Springs Denver Dubai Dusseldorf Frankfurt Hamburg Hanoi Ho Chi Minh City Hong Kong Houston Johannesburg London Los Angeles Luxembourg Madrid Mexico City Miami Milan Minneapolis Monterrey Munich New York Northern Virginia Paris Perth Philadelphia Rome San Francisco São Paulo Shanghai Silicon Valley Singapore Sydney Tokyo Warsaw Washington, D.C. Associated Offices: Budapest Jakarta Riyadh Shanghai FTZ Ulaanbaatar. Business Service Centers: Johannesburg Louisville. Legal Services Center: Berlin. For more information see www.hoganlovells.com

 

 

 

 

This opinion letter is based as to matters of law solely on the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended. We express no opinion herein as to any other statutes, rules, or regulations.

 

Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, we are of the opinion that following (i) effectiveness of the Registration Statement, (ii) issuance of the Shares pursuant to the terms of the Subscription Agreements or Plan, as applicable, and (iii) receipt by the Company of the consideration for the Shares specified in the resolutions of the Board of Directors and the Subscription Agreement or the Plan, as applicable, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.

 

This opinion letter has been prepared for use in connection with the Registration Statement. We assume no obligation to advise of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to the effective date of the Registration Statement.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are an “expert” within the meaning of the Act.

 

Very truly yours,

 

/s/ Hogan Lovells US LLP

 

HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP

 

 

 

EX-8.1 7 tm2226053d12_ex8-1.htm EXHIBIT 8.1

Exhibit 8.1

 

Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP

 

425 LEXINGTON AVENUE

NEW YORK, NY 10017-3954

 

TELEPHONE: (212) 455-2000

FACSIMILE: (212) 455-2502

 

May 12, 2023

 

BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor
New York, New York 10022

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

We have acted as counsel to BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (the “Registration Statement”) filed by the Company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the registration of $5,000,000,000 of shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, of the Company, consisting of Class T Common Stock, Class S Common Stock, Class D Common Stock and Class I Common Stock.

 

We have examined the Registration Statement and the Company’s prospectus, dated May 12, 2023, included in the Registration Statement (the “Preliminary Prospectus”). In addition, we have examined, and have relied as to matters of fact upon, originals, or duplicates or certified or conformed copies, of such records, agreements, documents and other instruments and such certificates or comparable documents of public officials and of officers and representatives of the Company and have made such other investigations as we have deemed relevant and necessary in connection with the opinions hereinafter set forth.

 

In rendering the opinions set forth below, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as duplicates or certified or conformed copies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents.

 

 

2

 

In rendering the opinions set forth below, we have also assumed the accuracy of the representations contained in the officer’s certificate, dated as of the date hereof, provided to us by the Company (the “Certificate”). These representations generally relate to the operation and classification of the Company as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”), as defined in Section 856 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). For purposes of rendering such opinions, we have also assumed that the Company has been organized and operated and will continue to be organized and operated in the manner described in the Certificate, the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the applicable organizational documents of the Company and that all terms and provisions of such documents have been and will continue to be complied with and that the Company will file an election pursuant to Section 856(c)(1) to be taxed as a REIT commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2023. We have not made an independent investigation of the facts set forth in the Certificate.

 

Based upon the foregoing, and subject to the qualifications, assumptions and limitations stated herein and in the Preliminary Prospectus, we are of the opinion that:

 

1.       Commencing with the Company’s first taxable year for which it makes an election to be taxed as a REIT, the Company will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code, and its actual and proposed method of operation will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code.

 

2.       The statements set forth in the Preliminary Prospectus under the caption “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations”, insofar as they purport to constitute summaries of certain provisions of U.S. federal income tax law and regulations or legal conclusions with respect thereto, constitute accurate summaries of such matters in all material respects.

 

The opinions set forth above are based upon the Code, the Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder and other relevant authorities and law, all as in effect on the date hereof. Consequently, future changes in the law may cause the tax treatment referred to herein to be materially different from that described above. Changes in the Company’s method of operation could likewise cause the tax treatment referred to herein to be materially different from that described above. Our opinion is not binding upon either the Internal Revenue Service or any court. Thus, no assurances can be given that a position taken in reliance on our opinion will not be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or rejected by a court. Qualification of the Company as a REIT will depend upon the Company’s satisfaction, through actual annual operating results and other annual requirements, of the various qualification tests contained in the Code and related Treasury regulations. We do not undertake to monitor whether the Company will, in fact, through actual annual operating results and other annual requirements, satisfy the various qualification tests for the Company’s first taxable year in which it makes an election to be taxed as a REIT, or any subsequent taxable years. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of the Company’s operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy the tests necessary to qualify as or be taxed as a REIT under the Code.

 

 

3

 

We do not express any opinion herein concerning any law other than the federal tax law of the United States.

 

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the headings “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” and “Legal Matters” in the Preliminary Prospectus.

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  /s/ Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
   
  SIMPSON THACHER & BARTLETT LLP

 

 

 

EX-10.1 8 tm2226053d12_ex10-1.htm EXHIBIT 10.1

 

Exhibit 10.1

 

FORM OF ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

AMONG

 

BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.,

 

BGO IREIT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP LP,

 

AND

 

BENTALLGREENOAK (U.S.) LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page

 

1.      DEFINITIONS      1
2.      APPOINTMENT      5
3.      DUTIES OF THE ADVISER      5
4.      AUTHORITY OF ADVISER      8
5.      BANK ACCOUNTS      9
6.      RECORDS; ACCESS      9
7.      LIMITATIONS ON ACTIVITIES      9
8.      OTHER ACTIVITIES OF THE ADVISER      9
9.      RELATIONSHIP WITH DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS      11
10.      MANAGEMENT FEE      12
11.      EXPENSES      13
12.      OTHER SERVICES      16
13.      REIMBURSEMENT TO THE ADVISER      16
14.      NO JOINT VENTURE      16
15.      TERM OF AGREEMENT      17
16.      TERMINATION BY THE PARTIES      17
17.      ASSIGNMENT TO AN AFFILIATE      17
18.      PAYMENTS TO AND DUTIES OF ADVISER UPON TERMINATION      17
19.      INDEMNIFICATION BY THE COMPANY AND THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP     18
20.      INDEMNIFICATION BY ADVISER      18
21.      NON-SOLICITATION      18
22.      MISCELLANEOUS      18
23.      TRADEMARK      21
24.      INITIAL INVESTMENT      21
     

i

 

 

FORM OF ADVISORY AGREEMENT

 

THIS ADVISORY AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), dated as of the ___ day of [    ], 2023 (the “Effective Date”), is by and among BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), and BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Adviser”). Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in Section 1 below.

 

W I T N E S S E T H

 

WHEREAS, the Company intends to qualify as a REIT, and to invest its funds in Investments (as defined below) permitted by the terms of Sections 856 through 860 of the Code;

 

WHEREAS, the Company is the general partner of the Operating Partnership and intends to conduct all of its business and make all or substantially all Investments through the Operating Partnership;

 

WHEREAS, the Company and the Operating Partnership desire to avail themselves of the knowledge, experience, sources of information, advice, assistance and certain facilities available to the Adviser and to have the Adviser undertake the duties and responsibilities hereinafter set forth, on behalf of, and subject to the supervision of, the Board, all as provided herein; and

 

WHEREAS, the Adviser is willing to undertake to render such services, subject to the supervision of the Board, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.            DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the definitions hereinafter indicated:

 

“Acquisition Expenses” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Adviser” shall mean BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership.

 

“Adviser Expenses” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 11(b).

 

“Affiliate” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Average Invested Assets” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“BGO” shall mean, collectively, the Adviser, BentallGreenOak (Canada) Limited Partnership and BGO Holdings (Cayman), LP.

 

“BGO Names” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 23.

 

“Board” shall mean the board of directors of the Company, as of any particular time.

 

1

 

 

“Business Day” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Bylaws” shall mean the bylaws of the Company, as amended from time to time.

 

“Cause” shall mean, with respect to the termination of this Agreement, fraud, criminal conduct, willful misconduct or willful or negligent breach of fiduciary duty by the Adviser in connection with performing its duties hereunder.

 

“CEA” shall mean the U.S. Commodity Exchange Act, as amended.

 

“Change of Control” shall mean any event (including, without limitation, issue, transfer or other disposition of shares of capital stock of the Company or equity interests in the Operating Partnership, merger, share exchange or consolidation) after which any “person” (as that term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company or the Operating Partnership representing greater than 50% or more of the combined voting power of Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s then outstanding securities, respectively; provided, that, a Change of Control shall not be deemed to occur as a result of any widely distributed Offering.

 

“Charter” shall mean the Articles of Incorporation of the Company filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation in accordance with the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended and/or supplemented from time to time.

 

“Class D Common Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class D NAV Per Share” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class D Units” shall mean Class D units of the Operating Partnership.

 

“Class E Common Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class E NAV Per Share” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class E Units” shall mean Class E units of the Operating Partnership.

 

“Class I Common Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class I NAV Per Share” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class I Units” shall mean Class I units of the Operating Partnership.

 

“Class S Common Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class S NAV Per Share” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class S Units” shall mean Class S units of the Operating Partnership.

 

“Class T Common Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

2

 

 

“Class T NAV Per Share” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Class T Units” shall mean Class T units of the Operating Partnership.

 

“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Commencement Date” shall mean the date on which the SEC declares the Registration Statement effective.

 

“Company” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

 

“Company Management Fee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10(a).

 

“Director “ shall mean a member of the Board.

 

“Distributions” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Effective Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

 

“Excess Amount” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.

 

“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.

 

“Expense Year” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 13.

 

“GAAP” shall mean generally accepted accounting principles as in effect in the United States from time to time.

 

“Gross Proceeds” shall mean the aggregate purchase price of all Shares sold for the account of the Company through an Offering, without deduction for Selling Commissions. The purchase price of any Class T Common Share or Class S Common Share shall be deemed to be the full, non-discounted offering price at the time of purchase of each such Class T Common Share or Class S Common Share.

 

“Independent Appraiser” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Independent Director” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Initial Investment” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 24.

 

“Investment Company Act” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

“Investment Guidelines” shall mean the investment guidelines adopted by the Board, as amended from time to time, pursuant to which the Adviser has discretion to acquire and dispose of Investments for the Company without the prior approval of the Board.

 

“Investments” shall mean any investments by the Company or the Operating Partnership, directly or indirectly, in Real Property, Real Estate-Related Assets or other assets.

 

3

 

 

“Joint Ventures” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Management Fee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10(a).

 

“Mortgages” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“NASAA REIT Guidelines” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“NAV” shall mean the Company’s net asset value, calculated pursuant to the Valuation Guidelines.

 

“Net Income” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Offering” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“OP Management Fee” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 10(a).

 

“Operating Partnership” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

 

“Operating Partnership Agreement” shall mean the Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership, as amended from time to time.

 

“Organization and Offering Expenses” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Other BGO Accounts” shall mean investment funds, mutual funds, REITs, vehicles, accounts, products and other similar arrangements sponsored, advised or managed by BGO, whether currently in existence or subsequently established (in each case, including any related successor funds, alternative vehicles, supplemental capital vehicles, surge funds, over-flow funds, co-investment vehicles and other entities formed in connection with BGO side-by-side or additional general partner investments with respect thereto).

 

“Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, business trust, estate, trust, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other legal entity.

 

“Prospectus” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Real Estate-Related Securities” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Real Estate-Related Assets” shall mean any investments by the Company or the Operating Partnership in Mortgages and Real Estate-Related Securities.

 

“Real Property” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Registration Statement” shall mean the registration statement on Form S-11, as may be amended from time to time, of the Company filed with the SEC related to the registration of the Shares for the Company’s initial public Offering.

 

“REIT” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

4

 

 

“SEC” shall mean the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.

 

“Selling Commissions” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Services” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 8(c).

 

“Shares” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Stockholder Servicing Fee” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Stockholders” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Termination Date” shall mean the date of termination of this Agreement or expiration of this Agreement in the event this Agreement is not renewed for an additional term.

 

“Total Operating Expenses” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Treasury Regulations” shall mean the Procedures and Administration Regulation promulgated by the U.S. Department of Treasury under the Code, as amended.

 

“Valuation Guidelines” shall mean the valuation guidelines adopted by the Board, as amended from time to time.

 

“2%/25% Guidelines” shall have the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

2.            APPOINTMENT. The Company and the Operating Partnership hereby appoint the Adviser to serve as their investment adviser on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and the Adviser hereby accepts such appointment. By accepting such appointment, the Adviser acknowledges that it has a contractual and fiduciary responsibility to the Company and the Stockholders. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Adviser hereby agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to perform the duties set forth herein, provided that the Company pays the Adviser the fees set forth in Section 10 hereof and reimburses the Adviser for costs and expenses in accordance with Section 11 hereof.

 

3.            DUTIES OF THE ADVISER. Subject to the oversight of the Board and the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including the Investment Guidelines) and consistent with the provisions of the Company’s most recent Prospectus for the Shares, the Charter and Bylaws and the Operating Partnership Agreement, the Adviser will have plenary authority with respect to the management of the business and affairs of the Company and the Operating Partnership and will be responsible for implementing the investment strategy of the Company and the Operating Partnership. The Adviser will perform (or cause to be performed through one or more of its Affiliates or third parties) such services and activities relating to the selection of investments and rendering investment advice to the Company and the Operating Partnership as may be appropriate or otherwise mutually agreed from time to time, which may include, without limitation:

 

5

 

 

(a)            serving as an advisor to the Company and the Operating Partnership with respect to the establishment and periodic review of the Investment Guidelines for the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s investments, financing activities and operations;

 

(b)            sourcing, evaluating and monitoring the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s investment opportunities and executing the acquisition, management, financing and disposition of the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s assets, in accordance with the Investment Guidelines and the Company’s policies and objectives and limitations, subject to oversight by the Board;

 

(c)            with respect to prospective acquisitions, purchases, sales, exchanges or other dispositions of Investments, conducting negotiations on the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s behalf with sellers, purchasers, and other counterparties and, if applicable, their respective agents, advisors and representatives, and determining the structure and terms of such transactions;

 

(d)            providing the Company with portfolio management and other related services;

 

(e)            serving as the Company’s advisor with respect to decisions regarding any of the Company’s financings, hedging activities or borrowings, including (1) assisting the Company in developing criteria for debt and equity financing that is specifically tailored to the Company’s investment objectives, and (2) advising the Company with respect to obtaining appropriate financing for the Investments (which, in accordance with applicable law and the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Charter and Bylaws, may include financing by the Adviser or its Affiliates) and (3) negotiating and entering into, on the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s behalf, financing arrangements (including one or more credit facilities), repurchase agreements, interest rate or currency swap agreements, hedging arrangements, foreign exchange transactions, derivative transactions, and other agreements and instruments required or appropriate in connection with the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s activities;

 

(f)            engaging and supervising, on the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s behalf and at the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s expense, independent contractors, advisors, consultants, attorneys, accountants, administrators, auditors, appraisers, independent valuation agents, escrow agents and other service providers (which may include the Adviser and its Affiliates) that provide various services with respect to the Company and Operating Partnership, including, without limitation, on-site managers, building and maintenance personnel, investment banking, securities brokerage, mortgage brokerage, credit analysis, risk management services, asset management services, loan servicing, other financial, legal or accounting services, due diligence services, underwriting review services, and all other services (including custody and transfer agent and registrar services) as may be required relating to the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s activities or investments (or potential Investments);

 

(g)            coordinating and managing operations of any Joint Venture or co-investment interests held by the Company or the Operating Partnership and conducting matters with the Joint Venture or co-investment partners;

 

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(h)            communicating on the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s behalf with the holders of any of the Company’s equity or debt securities as required to satisfy the reporting and other requirements of any governmental bodies or agencies or trading markets and to maintain effective relations with such holders;

 

(i)            advising the Company in connection with policy decisions to be made by the Board;

 

(j)            engaging one or more subadvisors with respect to the management of the Company and the Operating Partnership, including, where appropriate, Affiliates of the Adviser;

 

(k)            evaluating and recommending to the Board hedging strategies and engaging in hedging activities on the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s behalf, consistent with the Company’s qualification as a REIT and with the Investment Guidelines;

 

(l)            investing and reinvesting any moneys and securities of the Company and the Operating Partnership (including investing in short-term investments pending investment in other investments, payment of fees, costs and expenses, or payments of dividends or distributions to the Company’s stockholders and the Operating Partnership’s limited partners) and advising the Company as to the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s capital structure and capital raising;

 

(m)            determining valuations for the Company’s Real Property and Real Estate-Related Assets and calculate, as of the last Business Day of each month, the Class T NAV Per Share, Class S NAV Per Share, Class D NAV Per Share, Class I NAV Per Share and Class E NAV Per Share in accordance with the Valuation Guidelines, and in connection therewith, obtain appraisals performed by an Independent Appraiser and other independent third-party appraisal firms concerning the value of the Real Properties and obtain market quotations or conduct fair valuation determinations concerning the value of Real Estate-Related Assets;

 

(n)            providing input in connection with the appraisals performed by the Independent Appraisers;

 

(o)            monitoring the Company’s Real Property and Real Estate Related Assets for events that may be expected to have a material impact on the most recent estimated values;

 

(p)            monitoring each Independent Appraiser’s valuation process to ensure that it complies with the Company’s valuation guidelines;

 

(q)            delivering to, or maintain on behalf of, the Company copies of appraisals obtained in connection with the investments in any Real Property;

 

(r)            in the event that the Company is a commodity pool under the CEA, acting as the Company’s commodity pool operator for the period and on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, including, for the avoidance of doubt, the authority to make any filings, submissions or registrations (including for exemptive or “no action” relief) to the extent required or desirable under the CEA (and the Company hereby appoints the Adviser to act in such capacity and the Adviser accepts such appointment and agrees to be responsible for such services);

 

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(s)            placing, or arranging for the placement of, orders of Real Estate-Related Assets pursuant to the Adviser’s investment determinations for the Company and the Operating Partnership either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer (including any Affiliated broker or dealer); and

 

(t)            performing such other services from time to time in connection with the management of the Company’s investment activities as the Board shall reasonably request or the Adviser shall deem appropriate under the particular circumstances.

 

4.            AUTHORITY OF ADVISER.

 

(a)            Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (including the restrictions included in this Section 4 and in Section 7), and subject to the continuing and exclusive authority of the Board over the management of the Company, the Board (by virtue of its approval of this Agreement and authorization of the execution hereof by the officers of the Company) hereby delegates to the Adviser the authority to take, or cause to be taken, any and all actions and to execute and deliver any and all agreements, certificates, assignments, instruments or other documents and to do any and all things that, in the judgment of the Adviser, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the Adviser’s duties described in Section 3, including the making of any Investment that fits within the Company’s investment objectives, strategy and guidelines, policies and limitations and within the discretionary limits and authority as granted to the Adviser from time to time by the Board.

 

(b)            Notwithstanding the foregoing, any Investment that does not fit within the Investment Guidelines will require the prior approval of the Board or any duly authorized committee of the Board, as the case may be. Except as otherwise set forth herein, in the Investment Guidelines or in the Charter, any Investment that fits within the Investment Guidelines may be made by the Adviser on the Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s behalf without the prior approval of the Board or any duly authorized committee of the Board.

 

(c)            The prior approval of a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction will be required for each transaction to which the Adviser or its Affiliates is a party.

 

(d)            The Board will review the Investment Guidelines with sufficient frequency and at least annually and may, at any time upon the giving of notice to the Adviser, amend the Investment Guidelines; provided, however, that such modification or revocation shall be effective upon receipt by the Adviser or such later date as is specified by the Board and included in the notice provided to the Adviser and such modification or revocation shall not be applicable to investment transactions to which the Adviser has committed the Company or the Operating Partnership prior to the date of receipt by the Adviser of such notification, or if later, the effective date of such modification or revocation specified by the Board.

 

(e)            The Adviser may retain, for and on behalf, and at the sole cost and expense, of the Company, such services as the Adviser deems necessary or advisable in connection with the management and operations of the Company, which may include the Adviser and its Affiliates; provided, that any such services may only be provided by the Adviser or its Affiliates to the extent such services are approved by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transactions as being fair and reasonable to the Company and on terms and conditions not less favorable to the Company than those available from non-Affiliated third parties. In performing its duties under Section 3, the Adviser shall be entitled to rely reasonably on qualified experts and professionals (including, without limitation, accountants, legal counsel and other professional service providers) hired by the Adviser at the Company’s sole cost and expense.

 

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5.            BANK ACCOUNTS. The Adviser may establish and maintain one or more bank accounts in the name of the Company and the Operating Partnership and any subsidiary thereof and may collect and deposit into any such account or accounts, and disburse from any such account or accounts, any money on behalf of the Company or the Operating Partnership, consistent with the Adviser’s authority under this Agreement, provided that no funds shall be commingled with the funds of the Adviser or the funds of any other Person; and the Adviser shall from time to time render, upon request by the Board, its audit committee or the auditors of the Company, appropriate accountings of such collections and payments to the Board, its audit committee and the auditors of the Company, as applicable.

 

6.            RECORDS; ACCESS. The Adviser shall maintain, or shall cause to be maintained, appropriate records of its activities hereunder and make such records, or shall cause such records to be made, available for inspection by the Board and by counsel, auditors and authorized agents of the Company, at any time or from time to time during normal business hours. The Adviser shall at all reasonable times have access to the books and records of the Company and the Operating Partnership.

 

7.            LIMITATIONS ON ACTIVITIES. The Adviser shall refrain from any action that, in its sole judgment made in good faith, (i) is not in compliance with the Investment Guidelines, (ii) would adversely and materially affect the qualification of the Company as a REIT under the Code or the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s status as entities excluded from investment company status under the Investment Company Act or (iii) would materially violate any law, rule or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company and the Operating Partnership or of any exchange on which the securities of the Company may be listed or that would otherwise not be permitted by the Charter, the Bylaws or the Operating Partnership Agreement. If the Adviser is ordered to take any action by the Board, the Adviser shall seek to notify the Board if it is the Adviser’s reasonable judgment that such action would adversely and materially affect such status or violate any such law, rule or regulation or the Charter, the Bylaws or the Operating Partnership Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, neither the Adviser nor any of its Affiliates shall be liable to the Company, the Operating Partnership, the Board, or the Stockholders for any act or omission by the Adviser or any of its Affiliates, except as provided in Section 20 of this Agreement.

 

8.            OTHER ACTIVITIES OF THE ADVISER.

 

(a)            Nothing in this Agreement shall (i) prevent the Adviser or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees from engaging in other businesses or from rendering services of any kind to any other Person or entity, whether or not the investment objectives or policies of any such other Person or entity are similar to those of the Company, including, without limitation, the sponsoring, closing, advising or managing of any Other BGO Accounts, (ii) in any way bind or restrict the Adviser or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees from buying, selling or trading any securities or commodities for their own accounts or for the account of others for whom the Adviser or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees may be acting, or (iii) prevent the Adviser or any of its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees from receiving fees or other compensation or profits from such activities described in this Section 8(a) which shall be for the sole benefit of the Adviser (or its Affiliates, officers, directors or employees). While information and recommendations supplied to the Company shall, in the Adviser’s reasonable and good faith judgment, be appropriate under the circumstances and in light of the investment objectives and policies of the Company, such information and recommendations may be different in certain material respects from the information and recommendations supplied by the Adviser or any Affiliate of the Adviser to others (including, for greater certainty, the Other BGO Accounts and their investors, as described more fully in Section 8(b)).

 

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(b)            The Adviser and the Company acknowledge and agree that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, (i) BGO sponsors, advises or manages Other BGO Accounts and may in the future sponsor, advise or manage additional Other BGO Accounts, (ii) with respect to Other BGO Accounts with investment objectives or guidelines that overlap with the Company’s but that do not have priority over the Company, BGO will allocate investment opportunities between the Company and such Other BGO Accounts in accordance with BGO’s prevailing policies and procedures on a basis that BGO determines to be fair and equitable to the Company and such Other BGO Accounts in its sole discretion, and there may be circumstances where investments that are consistent with the Company’s Investment Guidelines may be shared with or allocated to one or more Other BGO Accounts (in lieu of the Company) in accordance with BGO’s prevailing policies and procedures.

 

(c)            In connection with the services of the Adviser hereunder, the Company and the Board acknowledge and agree that (i) as part of BGO’s regular businesses, personnel of BGO will devote a substantial amount of their working time and resources to other projects and matters (including with respect to one or more Other BGO Accounts), and that conflicts may arise with respect to the allocation of personnel between the Company and one or more Other BGO Accounts, (ii) unless prohibited by the Charter, Other BGO Accounts may invest, from time to time, in investments in which the Company also invests (including at a different level of an issuer’s capital structure (e.g., an investment by an Other BGO Account in a debt or mezzanine interest with respect to the same portfolio entity in which the Company owns an equity interest or vice versa) or in a different tranche of equity or debt with respect to an issuer in which the Company has an interest) and while the Adviser will seek to resolve any such conflicts in a fair and equitable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among Other BGO Accounts generally, such transactions are not required to be presented to the Board or any committee thereof for approval (unless otherwise required by the Charter or Investment Guidelines), and there can be no assurance that any conflicts will be resolved in the Company’s favor, (iii) the Company will from time to time pay fees to the Adviser and its Affiliates, including portfolio entities of Other BGO Accounts, for providing various services described in the Prospectus (collectively, “Services”), which fees will be in addition to the compensation paid to the Adviser pursuant to Section 10 hereof, (iv) the Adviser and its Affiliates will from time to time receive fees from portfolio entities or other issuers for providing Services, including with respect to Other BGO Accounts and related portfolio entities, and while such fees will give rise to conflicts of interest the Company will not receive the benefit of any such fees, and (v) the terms and conditions of the governing agreements of such Other BGO Accounts (including with respect to the economic, reporting, and other rights afforded to investors in such Other BGO Accounts) are materially different from the terms and conditions applicable to the Company and the Stockholders, and neither the Company nor the Stockholders (in such capacity) shall have the right to receive the benefit of any such different terms applicable to investors in such Other BGO Accounts as a result of an investment in the Company or otherwise. The Adviser shall keep the Board reasonably informed on a periodic basis in connection with the foregoing.

 

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(d)            The Adviser is not permitted to consummate on the Company’s behalf any transaction that involves (i) the sale of any investment to or (ii) the acquisition of any investment from BGO, any Other BGO Account or any of their Affiliates unless such transaction is approved by a majority of the Directors, including a majority of the Independent Directors, not otherwise interested in such transaction as being fair and reasonable to the Company. In addition, for any such acquisition by the Company, the Company’s purchase price will be limited to the cost of the property to the Affiliate, including acquisition-related expenses, or if substantial justification exists, the current appraised value of the property as determined by an Independent Appraiser. In addition, the Company may enter into Joint Ventures with Other BGO Accounts, or with BGO, one or more Directors, or any of their respective Affiliates, only if a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve the transaction as being fair and reasonable to the Company and on substantially the same, or no less favorable, terms and conditions as those received by other Affiliate joint venture partners. The Adviser will seek to resolve any conflicts of interest in a fair and reasonable manner in accordance with its prevailing policies and procedures with respect to conflicts resolution among Other BGO Accounts generally, but only those transactions set forth in this Section 8(d) will be expressly required to be presented for approval to the Independent Directors or any committee thereof (unless otherwise required by the Charter or the Investment Guidelines).

 

(e)            For the avoidance of doubt, it is understood that neither the Company nor the Board has the authority to determine the salary, bonus or any other compensation paid by the Adviser to any director, officer, member, partner, employee, or stockholder of the Adviser or its Affiliates, including any person who is also a director or officer employee of the Company.

 

9.            RELATIONSHIP WITH DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS. Subject to Section 7 of this Agreement and to restrictions advisable with respect to the qualification of the Company as a REIT, directors, managers, officers and employees of the Adviser or an Affiliate of the Adviser or any corporate parent of an Affiliate, may serve as a Director or officer of the Company, except that no director, officer or employee of the Adviser or its Affiliates who also is a Director or officer of the Company shall receive any compensation from the Company for serving as a Director or officer other than (a) reasonable reimbursement for travel and related expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board or (b) as otherwise approved by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, and no such Director shall be deemed an Independent Director for purposes of satisfying the Director independence requirement set forth in the Charter. For so long as this Agreement is in effect, the Adviser shall have the right to nominate, subject to the ultimate approval of such nomination by the Board, two Director nominees who are Affiliated with the Adviser to the slate of Directors to be voted on by the Stockholders at the Company’s annual meeting of Stockholders; provided, however, that such nomination right shall be suspended only for such period of time as necessary so that a majority of the Directors are at all times Independent Directors. Furthermore, the Board shall consult with the Adviser in connection with (i) its selection of each Independent Director for nomination to the slate of Directors to be voted on at the annual meeting of Stockholders, and (ii) filling any vacancies created by the removal, resignation, retirement or death of any Director.

 

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10.            MANAGEMENT FEE.

 

(a)            The Company will pay the Adviser a management fee (the “Company Management Fee”) equal to 1.25% of NAV for the Class T Common Shares, Class S Common Shares, Class D Common Shares and Class I Common Shares per annum, payable monthly, before giving effect to any accruals for the Management Fee, the Stockholder Servicing Fee, the Performance Allocation (as defined in the Operating Partnership Agreement) or any Distributions. The Operating Partnership will pay the Adviser a management fee (the “OP Management Fee” and, together with the Company Management Fee, the “Management Fee”) equal to 1.25% of the NAV for the Class T Units, Class S Units, Class D Units and Class I Units attributable to Operating Partnership units held by unitholders other than the Company per annum, payable monthly, before giving effect to any accruals for the Management Fee or the Performance Allocation (as defined in the Operating Partnership Agreement). For the avoidance of doubt, no Management Fee shall be paid on Class E Common Shares or Class E Units. The Adviser shall receive the Management Fees as compensation for services rendered hereunder.

 

(b)            The Company Management Fee may be paid, at the Adviser’s election, in cash or cash equivalent aggregate NAV amounts of Class E Common Shares, Class I Common Shares, Class I Units or Class E Units. The OP Management Fee may be paid, at the Adviser’s election, in cash or cash equivalent aggregate NAV amounts of Class E Units or Class I Units. If the Adviser elects to receive any portion of its Management Fee in Class E Common Shares, Class I Common Shares, Class I Units or Class E Units, the Adviser may elect to have the Company or the Operating Partnership repurchase such Class E Common Shares, Class I Common Shares, Class E Units or Class I Units from the Adviser at a later date. Class E Common Shares, Class I Common Shares, Class E Units and Class I Units obtained by the Adviser will not be subject to the repurchase limits of the Company’s share repurchase plan or any reduction or penalty for an early repurchase. The Operating Partnership will repurchase any such Operating Partnership units for cash unless the Board determines that any such repurchase for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or the Charter, in which case such Operating Partnership units will be repurchased, at the Adviser’s election, for the Company’s Class I Common Shares or Class E Common Shares with an equivalent aggregate NAV. The Adviser will have the option of exchanging Class E Common Shares or Class I Common Shares for an equivalent aggregate NAV amount of Class T Common Shares, Class S Common Shares or Class D Common Shares.

 

(c)            In the event this Agreement is terminated or its term expires without renewal, the Adviser will be entitled to receive its prorated Management Fee through the date of termination. Such proration shall take into account the number of days of any partial calendar month or calendar year for which this Agreement was in effect.

 

(d)            In the event the Company or the Operating Partnership commences a liquidation of its Investments during any calendar year, the Company and the Operating Partnership will pay the Adviser the Management Fee from the proceeds of the liquidation.

 

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11.            EXPENSES.

 

(a)            As required by the NASAA REIT Guidelines, the cumulative Selling Commissions, Stockholder Servicing Fees and Organization and Offering Expenses paid by the Company will not exceed 15.0% of Gross Proceeds from the sale of Shares in an Offering.

 

(b)            Subject to Sections 4(e) and 11(c), the Adviser shall be responsible for the expenses related to any and all personnel of the Adviser who provide investment advisory services to the Company pursuant to this Agreement (including, without limitation, each of the officers of the Company and any Directors who are also directors, officers or employees of the Adviser or any of its Affiliates), including, without limitation, salaries, bonus and other wages, payroll taxes and the cost of employee benefit plans of such personnel, and costs of insurance with respect to such personnel (“Adviser Expenses”).

 

(c)            In addition to the compensation paid to the Adviser pursuant to Section 10 hereof, the Company or the Operating Partnership shall pay all of its costs and expenses directly or reimburse the Adviser or its Affiliates for costs and expenses of the Adviser and its Affiliates incurred on behalf of the Company, other than Adviser Expenses. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is specifically agreed that the following costs and expenses of the Company or the Operating Partnership are not Adviser Expenses and shall be paid by the Company or the Operating Partnership and shall not be paid by the Adviser or Affiliates of the Adviser:

 

(i)            Organization and Offering Expenses; provided that within 60 days after the end of the month in which an Offering terminates, the Adviser shall reimburse the Company to the extent the Organization and Offering Expenses, Selling Commissions and Stockholder Servicing Fees borne by the Company exceed 15.0% of the Gross Proceeds raised in the completed Offering;

 

(ii)            Acquisition Expenses, subject to limitations set forth in the Charter;

 

(iii)            fees, costs and expenses in connection with the issuance and transaction costs incident to the trading, settling, disposition and financing of the Investments of the Company and its Subsidiaries (whether or not consummated), including brokerage commissions, hedging costs, prime brokerage fees, custodial expenses, clearing and settlement charges, forfeited deposits, and other investment costs fees and expenses actually incurred in connection with the pursuit, making, holding, settling, monitoring or disposing of actual or potential investments;

 

(iv)            the actual cost of goods and services used by the Company and obtained from Persons not Affiliated with the Adviser, including fees paid to administrators, consultants, attorneys, technology providers and other services providers, and brokerage fees paid in connection with the purchase and sale of Investments;

 

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(v)            all fees, costs and expenses of legal, tax, accounting, consulting, auditing (including internal audit), finance, administrative, investment banking, capital market, transfer agency, escrow agency, custody, prime brokerage, asset management, property management, data or technology services and other non-investment advisory services rendered to the Company by the Adviser or its Affiliates in compliance with Section 4(e);

 

(vi)            expenses of managing and operating the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s Real Properties, whether payable to an Affiliate of the Adviser or a non-Affiliated Person;

 

(vii)            the compensation and expenses of the Directors (excluding those directors who are directors, officers or employees of the Adviser), the cost of liability insurance to indemnify the Company’s directors and officers and expenses incurred in connection with preparation of materials for meetings of the Board and its committees;

 

(viii)            interest and fees and expenses arising out of borrowings made by the Company, including, but not limited to, costs associated with the establishment and maintenance of any of the Company’s credit facilities, other financing arrangements, or other indebtedness of the Company (including commitment fees, accounting fees, legal fees, closing and other similar costs) or any of the Company’s securities offerings, whether or not any facilities, arrangements or indebtedness are implemented or such securities are offered;

 

(ix)            expenses connected with communications to holders of the Company’s securities or securities of the Subsidiaries and other bookkeeping and clerical work necessary in maintaining relations with holders of such securities and in complying with the continuous reporting and other requirements of governmental bodies or agencies, including, without limitation, all costs of preparing and filing required reports with the SEC, the costs payable by the Company to any transfer agent and registrar, expenses in connection with the listing or trading of the Company’s securities on any exchange, the fees payable by the Company to any such exchange in connection with its listing, costs of preparing, printing and mailing the Company’s annual report to the Stockholders and proxy materials with respect to any meeting of the Stockholders and any other reports or related statements;

 

(x)            the Company’s allocable share of costs associated with technology-related expenses, including without limitation, any computer software or hardware, technology service providers and related software/hardware utilized in connection with the creation and maintenance of the Company’s website;

 

(xi)            the Company’s allocable share of expenses incurred by managers, officers, personnel and agents of the Adviser for travel on the Company’s behalf and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with the purchase, financing, refinancing, sale or other disposition of an Investment;

 

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(xii)            expenses relating to compliance-related matters and regulatory filings relating to the Company’s activities (including, without limitation, expenses relating to the preparation and filing of Form ADV, any reports to be filed with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, reports, disclosures, or other regulatory filings of the Adviser and its Affiliates relating to the Company’s activities (including the Company’s pro rata share of the costs of the Adviser and its Affiliates of regulatory expenses that relate to the Company and Other BGO Accounts));

 

(xiii)            the costs of any litigation involving the Company or the Operating Partnership or their assets and the amount of any judgments or settlements paid in connection therewith, directors and officers, liability or other insurance and indemnification or extraordinary expense or liability relating to the affairs of the Company;

 

(xiv)            all taxes and statutory, regulatory or license fees or other governmental charges;

 

(xv)            all insurance costs incurred in connection with the operation of the Company’s business except for the costs attributable to the insurance that the Adviser elects to carry for itself and its personnel;

 

(xvi)            expenses of managing, improving, developing, operating and selling Investments, whether payable to an Affiliate of the Adviser or a non-Affiliated Person;

 

(xvii)            expenses incurred in connection with maintaining the status of the Company as a REIT or the payments of interest, dividends or distributions in cash or any other form authorized or caused to be made by the Board to or on account of holders of the Company’s securities, including, without limitation, in connection with any distribution reinvestment plan;

 

(xviii)            expenses incurred in connection with any audit, investigation, settlement, or judgment of pending or threatened proceedings (whether civil, criminal, regulatory or otherwise) against the Company or the Operating Partnership, or against any Director or officer of the Company or in his or her capacity as such for which the Company is required to indemnify such Director or officer by any court or governmental agency;

 

(xix)            expenses incurred in connection with the formation, organization, continuation, liquidation and/or restructuring of any corporation, partnership, Joint Venture or other entity through which the Investments are made or in which any such entity invests; and

 

(xx)            expenses incurred related to industry association memberships or attending industry conferences on behalf of the Company.

 

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(d)            The Adviser may, at its option, elect not to seek reimbursement for certain expenses during a given period, which determination shall not be deemed to construe a waiver of reimbursement for similar expenses in future periods.

 

(e)            Any reimbursement payments owed by the Company to the Adviser may be offset by the Adviser against amounts due to the Company from the Adviser. Cost and expense reimbursement to the Adviser shall be subject to adjustment at the end of each calendar year in connection with the annual audit of the Company.

 

(f)            Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Adviser shall pay for all or a portion of Organization and Offering Expenses (other than Selling Commissions and Stockholder Servicing Fees) incurred prior to the first anniversary of the Commencement Date. All Organization and Offering Expenses (other than Selling Commissions and Stockholder Servicing Fees) paid by the Adviser pursuant to this Section 11(f) shall be reimbursed by the Company to the Adviser in 60 equal monthly installments commencing with the first anniversary of the Commencement Date.

 

12.            OTHER SERVICES. Should the Board request that the Adviser or any director, officer or employee thereof render services for the Company and the Operating Partnership other than set forth in Section 3, such services shall be separately compensated at such rates and in such amounts as are agreed by the Adviser and the Independent Directors, subject to the limitations contained in the Charter, and shall not be deemed to be services pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.

 

13.            REIMBURSEMENT TO THE ADVISER. Commencing upon the first four fiscal quarters after the Commencement Date, the Company shall not reimburse the Adviser at the end of any fiscal quarter for Total Operating Expenses that in the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended (the “Expense Year”) exceed (the “Excess Amount”) the greater of 2.0% of Average Invested Assets or 25.0% of Net Income (the “2%/25% Guidelines”) for such four fiscal quarters unless the Independent Directors determine that such Excess Amount was justified, based on unusual and nonrecurring factors that the Independent Directors deem sufficient. If the Independent Directors do not approve such Excess Amount as being so justified, the Adviser shall reimburse the Company the amount by which the Total Operating Expenses exceeded the 2%/25% Guidelines. If the Independent Directors determine such Excess Amount was justified, then, within 60 days after the end of any fiscal quarter of the Company for which Total Operating Expenses for the Expense Year exceed the 2%/25% Guidelines, the Adviser, at the direction of the Independent Directors, shall cause such fact to be disclosed to the Stockholders in writing (or the Company shall disclose such fact to the Stockholders in the next quarterly report of the Company or by filing a Current Report on Form 8-K with the SEC within 60 days of such quarter end), together with an explanation of the factors the Independent Directors considered in determining that such excess were justified. The Company will ensure that such determination will be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. All figures used in the foregoing computation shall be determined in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis.

 

14.            NO JOINT VENTURE. The Company and the Operating Partnership, on the one hand, and the Adviser on the other, acknowledge that they are entering into this Agreement as independent contractors and that this Agreement shall not create and shall not be construed to create a relationship of principal and agent, tenancy, co-partners, joint venturers, employer and employee, master and servant, or any similar relationship between each other, and nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to impose any liability as such on either of them.

 

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15.            TERM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall continue in force until one year from the Effective Date, subject to an unlimited number of successive one-year renewals upon mutual consent of the parties. It is the duty of the Board to evaluate the performance of the Adviser annually before renewing the Agreement, and each such renewal shall be for a term of no more than one year.

 

16.            TERMINATION BY THE PARTIES. This Agreement may be terminated (i) at the option of the Adviser immediately upon a Change of Control of the Company or Operating Partnership; (ii) immediately by the Company or the Operating Partnership for Cause or upon the bankruptcy of the Adviser; or (iii) upon 60 days’ written notice without Cause or penalty by a majority vote of the Independent Directors; or (iv) upon 60 days’ written notice by the Adviser. The provisions of Sections 18 through 23 survive termination of this Agreement.

 

17.            ASSIGNMENT TO AN AFFILIATE. This Agreement may be assigned by the Adviser to an Affiliate of the Adviser with the approval of a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors). The Adviser may assign any rights to receive fees or other payments under this Agreement to any Person without obtaining the consent of the Board. This Agreement shall not be assigned by the Company or the Operating Partnership without the approval of the Adviser, except in the case of an assignment by the Company or the Operating Partnership to a corporation or other organization which is a successor to all of the assets, rights and obligations of the Company or the Operating Partnership, in which case such successor organization shall be bound hereunder and by the terms of said assignment in the same manner as the Company and the Operating Partnership are bound by this Agreement. This Agreement shall be binding on successors to the Company resulting from a Change in Control or sale of all or substantially all the assets of the Company or the Operating Partnership, and shall likewise be binding on any successor to the Adviser.

 

18.            PAYMENTS TO AND DUTIES OF ADVISER UPON TERMINATION.

 

(a)            After the Termination Date, the Adviser shall not be entitled to compensation for further services hereunder except it shall be entitled to receive from the Company or the Operating Partnership within 30 days after the effective date of such termination all unpaid reimbursements of expenses and all earned but unpaid fees payable to the Adviser prior to termination of this Agreement, subject to the 2%/25% Guidelines to the extent applicable.

 

(b)            The Adviser shall promptly upon termination:

 

(i)            pay over to the Company and the Operating Partnership all money collected and held for the account of the Company and the Operating Partnership pursuant to this Agreement, after deducting any accrued compensation and reimbursement for its expenses to which it is then entitled;

 

(ii)            deliver to the Board a full accounting, including a statement showing all payments collected by it and a statement of all money held by it, covering the period following the date of the last accounting furnished to the Board;

 

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(iii)            deliver to the Board all assets, including all Investments, and documents of the Company and the Operating Partnership then in the custody of the Adviser; and

 

(iv)            cooperate with, and take all reasonable actions requested by, the Company and Board in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.

 

19.            INDEMNIFICATION BY THE COMPANY AND THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP. The Company and the Operating Partnership shall indemnify and hold harmless the Adviser and its Affiliates, including their respective officers, directors, partners and employees, from all liability, claims, damages or losses arising in the performance of their duties hereunder, and related expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, to the extent such liability, claims, damages or losses and related expenses are not fully reimbursed by insurance, and to the fullest extent possible without such indemnification being inconsistent with the laws of the State of Maryland, the Charter or the provisions of Section II.G of the NASAA REIT Guidelines.

 

20.            INDEMNIFICATION BY ADVISER. The Adviser shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company and the Operating Partnership from contract or other liability, claims, damages, taxes or losses and related expenses including attorneys’ fees, to the extent that (i) such liability, claims, damages, taxes or losses and related expenses are not fully reimbursed by insurance and (ii) are incurred by reason of the Adviser’s bad faith, fraud, willful misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties under this Agreement; provided, however, that the Adviser shall not be held responsible for any action of the Board in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendation given by the Adviser.

 

21.            NON-SOLICITATION. In the event of a termination without Cause of this Agreement by the Company pursuant to Section 16(iii) hereof, for two (2) years after the Termination Date, the Company shall not, without the consent of the Adviser, employ or otherwise retain any employee of the Adviser or any of its Affiliates or any person who has been employed by the Adviser or any of its Affiliates at any time within the two (2) year period immediately preceding the date on which such person commences employment with or is otherwise retained by the Company. The Company acknowledges and agrees that, in addition to any damages, the Adviser may be entitled to equitable relief for any violation of this Section 21 by the Company, including, without limitation, injunctive relief.

 

22.            MISCELLANEOUS.

 

(a)            Notices. Any notice, report or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing unless some other method of giving such notice, report or other communication is required by the Charter, the Bylaws, or accepted by the party to whom it is given, and shall be given by being delivered by hand, by courier or overnight carrier, by registered or certified mail, by electronic mail or posted on a password protected website maintained by the Adviser and for which the Company has received access instructions by electronic mail, when posted, using the contact information set forth herein:

 

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The Company and the Operating Partnership: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor
New York, New York 10022
Attention: Matthew Campbell
Email: Matthew.Campbell@bentallgreenoak.com
   
with required copy to: Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
900 G Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
Attention: Ryan Bekkerus / Daniel B. Honeycutt
Email: Ryan.Bekkerus@stblaw.com / Daniel.Honeycutt@stblaw.com
   
The Adviser: BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership
399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor
New York, New York 10172
Attention: Matthew Campbell
Email: Matthew.Campbell@bentallgreenoak.com
   
with required copy to: Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
900 G Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
Attention: Ryan Bekkerus / Daniel B. Honeycutt
Email: Ryan.Bekkerus@stblaw.com / Daniel.Honeycutt@stblaw.com

 

Any party may at any time give notice in writing to the other parties of a change in its address for the purposes of this Section 22(a).

 

(b)            Modification. This Agreement shall not be changed, modified, terminated, or discharged, in whole or in part, except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto, or their respective successors or assignees.

 

(c)            Severability. The provisions of this Agreement are independent of and severable from each other, and no provision shall be affected or rendered invalid or unenforceable by virtue of the fact that for any reason any other or others of them may be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.

 

(d)            Governing Law; Exclusive Jurisdiction; Jury Trial. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. The parties hereby irrevocably submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of the State of New York and the Federal courts of the United States located in Borough of Manhattan, New York for purposes of any suit, action or other proceeding arising from this Agreement, and hereby waive, and agree not to assert, as a defense in any action, suit or proceeding for the interpretation or enforcement hereof or thereof, that it is not subject thereto or that such action, suit or proceeding may not be brought or is not maintainable in such courts or that the venue thereof may not be appropriate or that this Agreement or any such document may not be enforced in or by such courts. Each of the parties hereby consent to and grant any such court jurisdiction over the person of such parties and over the subject matter of any such dispute. EACH OF THE PARTIES TO THIS AGREEMENT HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ALL RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY ACTION, PROCEEDING OR COUNTERCLAIM ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT.

 

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(e)            Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof. The express terms hereof control and supersede any course of performance or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof.

 

(f)            Indulgences, No Waivers. Neither the failure nor any delay on the part of a party to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver.

 

(g)            Gender; Number. Words used herein regardless of the number and gender specifically used, shall be deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context requires.

 

(h)            Headings. The titles and headings of Sections and Subsections contained in this Agreement are for convenience only, and they neither form a part of this Agreement nor are they to be used in the construction or interpretation hereof.

 

(i)            Execution in Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against any party whose signature appears thereon, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including any electronic signature covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law (e.g., www.docusign.com)), or other transmission method. This Agreement shall become binding when one or more counterparts hereof, individually or taken together, shall bear the signatures of all of the parties reflected hereon as the signatories.

 

20

 

 

23.            TRADEMARK. The Adviser hereby grants the Company and the Operating Partnership a fully paid-up, royalty-free, non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the name “BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.,” “BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP,” “BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership” and the names of each of their Affiliates and all derivations (including those used in connection with the Company’s website) (collectively, the “BGO Names”) solely in connection with the operation, maintenance and execution of business of the Company and the Operating Partnership. All rights in and to the BGO Names not expressly granted herein to the Company and the Operating Partnership are retained and reserved by the Adviser (or its Affiliates). The Company and the Operating Partnership agree not to contest the validity of the Adviser’s (or its Affiliates’) rights to the BGO Names. At no time during the term of the Agreement or following the termination of the Agreement shall the Company or the Operating Partnership have any right, title or interest to the name or goodwill attached to the BGO Names. Upon the termination of this Agreement at any time and for any reason, all of the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s right, title and interest in and to the use of the BGO Names shall terminate and any goodwill thereto shall vest in the Adviser (or its Affiliates). The Company and the Partnership shall have sixty (60) days from the date of termination to cease all further use of the BGO Names.

 

24.            INITIAL INVESTMENT. The Adviser or one of its Affiliates has contributed $200,000 (the “Initial Investment”) in exchange for the initial issuance of Shares of the Company. The Adviser or its Affiliates may not sell any of the Shares purchased with the Initial Investment while the Adviser acts in an advisory capacity to the Company. The restrictions included above shall not apply to any Shares acquired by the Adviser or its Affiliates other than the Shares acquired through the Initial Investment. Neither the Adviser nor its Affiliates shall vote any Shares they now own, or hereafter acquire, or consent that such Shares be voted, on matters submitted to the Stockholders regarding (i) the removal of BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership as the Adviser; (ii) the removal of any member of the Board; or (iii) any transaction by and between the Company and the Adviser, a member of the Board or any of their Affiliates.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Advisory Agreement as of the date and year first above written.

 

  BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
   
  By:  
    Name:
    Title:
   
  BGO IREIT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP LP
   
  By: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., its general partner
   
  By:  
    Name:
    Title:
   
  BENTALLGREENOAK (U.S.) LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
   
  By:  
    Name:
    Title:

 

 

 

EX-10.2 9 tm2226053d12_ex10-2.htm EXHIBIT 10.2

 

Exhibit 10.2

FORM OF AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

 

OF

 

BGO IREIT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP LP

 

A DELAWARE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

[           ], 2023

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Page

 

ARTICLE 1 DEFINED TERMS  1

1.1.Definitions 1
1.2.Interpretation 12

ARTICLE 2 PARTNERSHIP FORMATION AND IDENTIFICATION  12

2.1.Formation 12
2.2.Name, Office and Registered Agent 12
2.3.Partners 12
2.4.Term and Dissolution 13
2.5.Filing of Certificate and Perfection of Limited Partnership 13
2.6.Certificates Representing Partnership Units 14

ARTICLE 3 BUSINESS OF THE PARTNERSHIP  14

ARTICLE 4 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACCOUNTS  14

4.1.Capital Contributions 14
4.2.Classes of Partnership Units 15
4.3.Additional Capital Contributions and Issuances of Additional Partnership Interests 15
4.4.Additional Funding 18
4.5.Capital Accounts 18
4.6.Percentage Interests 18
4.7.No Interest on Contributions 19
4.8.Return of Capital Contributions 19
4.9.No Third-Party Beneficiary 19
4.10.No Preemptive Rights 19

ARTICLE 5 PROFITS AND LOSSES; DISTRIBUTIONS  20

5.1.Allocation of Profit and Loss 20
5.2.Distribution of Cash 23
5.3.REIT Distribution Requirements 26
5.4.No Right to Distributions in Kind 26
5.5.Limitations on Return of Capital Contributions 26
5.6.Amendments to Reflect Additional Partnership Units 26
5.7.Distributions Upon Liquidation 26
5.8.Substantial Economic Effect 27
5.9.Reinvestment 27

ARTICLE 6 RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND POWERS OF THE GENERAL PARTNER  29

6.1.Management of the Partnership 29
6.2.Delegation of Authority 31
6.3.Indemnification and Exculpation of Indemnitees 32
6.4.Liability and Obligations of the General Partner 33
6.5.Reimbursement of General Partner 34

 

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6.6.Outside Activities 34
6.7.Transactions With Affiliates 35
6.8.Title to Partnership Assets 35
6.9.Repurchases and Exchanges of REIT Shares 36
6.10.No Duplication of Fees or Expenses 36

ARTICLE 7 CHANGES IN GENERAL PARTNER  36

7.1.Transfer of the General Partner’s Partnership Interest 36
7.2.Admission of a Substitute or Additional General Partner 38
7.3.Effect of Bankruptcy, Withdrawal, Death or Dissolution of the sole remaining General Partner 38
7.4.Removal of a General Partner 39

ARTICLE 8 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE LIMITED PARTNERS  40

8.1.Management of the Partnership 40
8.2.Power of Attorney 40
8.3.Limitation on Liability of Limited Partners 40
8.4.Ownership by Limited Partner of Corporate General Partner or Affiliate 40
8.5.Redemption Right 41
8.6.Required Redemption of Limited Partners 43
8.7.Expenses Not Attributable to Class E Units 44

ARTICLE 9 TRANSFERS OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS  44

9.1.Purchase for Investment 44
9.2.Restrictions on Transfer of Limited Partnership Interests 44
9.3.Admission of Substitute Limited Partner 46
9.4.Rights of Assignees of Partnership Interests 47
9.5.Effect of Bankruptcy, Death, Incompetence or Termination of a Limited Partner 47
9.6.Joint Ownership of Interests 47

ARTICLE 10 BOOKS AND RECORDS; ACCOUNTING; TAX MATTERS  48

10.1.Books and Records 48
10.2.Custody of Partnership Funds; Bank Accounts 48
10.3.Fiscal and Taxable Year 48
10.4.Annual Tax Information and Report 48
10.5.Partnership Representation; Tax Elections; Special Basis Adjustments 48
10.6.Reports to Limited Partners 49

ARTICLE 11 AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT; MERGER  49

11.1.Partner Consent Requirements 49
11.2.Amendments; No Limited Partner Consent Required 50

ARTICLE 12 GENERAL PROVISIONS  51

12.1.Notices 51
12.2.Survival of Rights 51
12.3.Additional Documents 52
12.4.Severability 52
12.5.Side Letters 52

 

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12.6.Entire Agreement 52
12.7.Pronouns and Plurals 52
12.8.Headings 52
12.9.Counterparts 52
12.10.Governing Law 53
12.11.No Partition 53
12.12.No Rights as Stockholders 53

 

EXHIBITS

 

EXHIBIT A – Notice of Exercise of Redemption Right

 

iii

 

 

AMENDED AND RESTATED LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

 

OF

 

BGO IREIT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP LP

 

This Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement (as amended, modified supplemented or restated from time to time, as the context requires, this “Agreement”) of BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Partnership”), dated as of [           ], 2023, is entered into by and among BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, as General Partner and as a Limited Partner, BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP, as a special limited partner, and the limited partners party hereto from time to time.

 

RECITALS:

 

WHEREAS, the Partnership was formed on September 8, 2022, as a limited partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware and a certificate of limited partnership was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Certificate of Limited Partnership”);

 

WHEREAS, the Partnership was previously governed by that certain Limited Partnership Agreement of the Partnership, dated as of September 9, 2022 (the “Prior Agreement”); and

 

WHEREAS, the parties hereto desire to amend and restate the Prior Agreement as set forth herein.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing, of mutual covenants between the parties hereto, and of other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

ARTICLE 1

 

DEFINED TERMS

 

1.1.            Definitions. The following defined terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings specified below:

 

“Act” means the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.

 

“Additional Funds” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4.

 

“Additional Securities” means any additional REIT Shares (other than REIT Shares issued in connection with a Redemption pursuant to Section 8.5) or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities containing the right to subscribe for or purchase REIT Shares, as set forth in Section 4.3(a)(iii).

 

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“Administrative Expenses” means (i) all administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the Partnership and its Subsidiaries, (ii) those administrative costs and expenses of the General Partner, including any salaries or other payments to directors, officers or employees of the General Partner, and any accounting and legal expenses of the General Partner, which expenses are expenses of the Partnership and not the General Partner, and (iii) to the extent not included in clause (ii) above, REIT Expenses; provided, however, that Administrative Expenses shall not include any administrative costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner that are attributable to assets that are not owned directly or indirectly by the Partnership.

 

“Adviser” means the Person appointed, employed or contracted with by the General Partner and the Partnership and responsible for directing or performing the day-to-day business affairs of the General Partner and the Partnership, including any Person to whom the Adviser subcontracts all or substantially all of such functions.

 

“Advisers Act” means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.

 

“Advisory Agreement” means the agreement between the General Partner, the Partnership and the Adviser pursuant to which the Adviser will direct or perform the day-to-day business affairs of the General Partner and the Partnership, as such agreement may be amended or renewed from time to time.

 

“Advisory Fees” means the fees payable to the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with the power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person, including any partnership in which such Person is a general partner; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.

 

“Aggregate Share Ownership Limit” has the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Agreed Value” means the fair market value of a Partner’s non-cash Capital Contribution as of the date of contribution as agreed to by such Partner and the General Partner. The Agreed Value of any non-cash Capital Contributions by a Partner as of the date of contribution are set forth on the Partnership’s books and records.

 

“Agreement” has the meaning set forth in the Preamble.

 

“Applicable Percentage” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(b).

 

“Bankruptcy Code” shall mean 11 U.S.C. §§ 101-1330, as amended from time to time.

 

“Board of Directors” has the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Capital Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.5.

 

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“Capital Contribution” means the total amount of cash, cash equivalents and the Agreed Value of any Property or other asset (other than cash or cash equivalents) contributed or agreed to be contributed, as the context requires, to the Partnership by each Partner pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. Any reference to the Capital Contribution of a Partner shall include the Capital Contribution made by a predecessor holder of the Partnership Interest of such Partner.

 

“Carrying Value” means, with respect to any asset of the Partnership, the asset’s adjusted net basis for federal income tax purposes or, in the case of any asset contributed to the Partnership, the fair market value of such asset at the time of contribution reduced by any amounts attributable to the inclusion of liabilities in basis pursuant to Section 752 of the Code, except that the Carrying Values of all assets may, at the discretion of the General Partner, be adjusted to equal their respective fair market values (as determined by the General Partner), in accordance with the rules set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), as provided for in Section 4.5. In the case of any asset of the Partnership that has a Carrying Value that differs from its adjusted tax basis, the Carrying Value shall be adjusted by the amount of depreciation, depletion and amortization calculated for purposes of the definition of Profit and Loss rather than the amount of depreciation, depletion and amortization determined for federal income tax purposes.

 

“Cash Amount” means an amount of cash per Partnership Unit equal to the applicable Redemption Price determined by the General Partner.

 

“Certificate” means any instrument or document that is required under the laws of the State of Delaware, or any other jurisdiction in which the Partnership conducts business, to be signed and sworn to by any of the Partners of the Partnership (either by themselves or pursuant to the power-of-attorney granted to the General Partner in Section 8.2) and filed for recording in the appropriate public offices within the State of Delaware or such other jurisdiction to perfect or maintain the Partnership as a limited partnership, to effect the admission, withdrawal, or substitution of any Partner of the Partnership, or to protect the limited liability of the Limited Partners as limited partners under the laws of the State of Delaware or such other jurisdiction and shall include, but not be limited to, the Certificate of Limited Partnership.

 

“Charter” means the charter of the General Partner, as amended or supplemented from time to time.

 

“Class” means a class of REIT Shares or Partnership Units, as the context may require.

 

“Class D Conversion Rate” means the fraction, the numerator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class D Unit and the denominator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class I Unit.

 

“Class D REIT Shares” means the REIT Shares referred to as “Class D Common Shares” in the Charter.

 

“Class D Unit” means a Partnership Unit entitling the holder thereof to the rights of a holder of a Class D Unit as provided in this Agreement.

 

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“Class E Conversion Rate” means the fraction, the numerator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class E Unit and the denominator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class I Unit.

 

“Class E REIT Shares” means the REIT Shares referred to as “Class E Common Shares” in the Charter.

 

“Class E Unit” means a Partnership Unit entitling the holder thereof to the rights of a holder of a Class E Unit as provided in this Agreement.

 

“Class I REIT Shares” means the REIT Shares referred to as “Class I Common Shares” in the Charter.

 

“Class I Unit” means a Partnership Unit entitling the holder thereof to the rights of a holder of a Class I Unit as provided in this Agreement.

 

“Class S Conversion Rate” means the fraction, the numerator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class S Unit and the denominator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class I Unit.

 

“Class S REIT Shares” means the REIT Shares referred to as “Class S Common Shares” in the Charter.

 

“Class S Unit” means a Partnership Unit entitling the holder thereof to the rights of a holder of a Class S Unit as provided in this Agreement.

 

“Class T Conversion Rate” means the fraction, the numerator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class T Unit and the denominator of which is the Net Asset Value Per Unit for each Class I Unit.

 

“Class T REIT Shares” means the REIT Shares referred to as “Class T Common Shares” in the Charter.

 

“Class T Unit” means a Partnership Unit entitling the holder thereof to the rights of a holder of a Class T Unit as provided in this Agreement.

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and as hereafter amended from time to time. Reference to any particular provision of the Code shall mean that provision in the Code at the date hereof and any successor provision of the Code.

 

“Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

“Common Share Ownership Limit” has the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

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“Debt” means, as to any Person, as of any date of determination: (i) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services; (ii) all amounts owed by such Person to banks or other Persons in respect of reimbursement obligations under letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments guaranteeing payment or other performance of obligations by such Person; (iii) all indebtedness for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services secured by any lien on any property owned by such Person, to the extent attributable to such Person’s interest in such property, even though such Person has not assumed or become liable for the payment thereof; and (iv) lease obligations of such Person that, in accordance with GAAP, should be capitalized.

 

“Distribution Fee” means any ongoing distribution fees, dealer manager fees, stockholder servicing fees or similar fees (as distinguished from up-front or one-time selling commissions and dealer manager fees) payable with respect to outstanding REIT Shares or Partnership Units.

 

“DRIP” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.9.

 

“DRIP Participant” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.9.

 

“Electronic Signature” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.9.

 

“ERISA” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.

 

“Event of Bankruptcy” as to any Person means the filing of a petition for relief as to such Person as debtor or bankrupt under the Bankruptcy Code of 1978 or similar provision of law of any jurisdiction (except if such petition is contested by such Person and has been dismissed within 90 days); insolvency or bankruptcy of such Person as finally determined by a court proceeding; filing by such Person of a petition or application to accomplish the same or for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee for such Person or a substantial part of his assets; commencement of any proceedings relating to such Person as a debtor under any other reorganization, arrangement, insolvency, adjustment of Debt or liquidation law of any jurisdiction, whether now in existence or hereinafter in effect, either by such Person or by another, provided that if such proceeding is commenced by another, such Person indicates his approval of such proceeding, consents thereto or acquiesces therein, or such proceeding is contested by such Person and has not been finally dismissed within 90 days.

 

“Excepted Holder Limit” has the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

“Excess Profits” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(c)(i).

 

“Exchanged REIT Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.9(b).

 

“Final Adjustment” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.5(c)(ii).

 

“GAAP” means U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

“General Partner” means BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and any Person who becomes a substitute or additional General Partner as provided herein, and any of their successors as General Partner, in such Person’s capacity as a General Partner of the Partnership.

 

“General Partnership Interest” means any Partnership Interest held by the General Partner, other than any Partnership Interest it holds as a Limited Partner.

 

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“Hurdle Amount” for any period during a calendar year means that amount that results in a 5% annualized internal rate of return on the Net Asset Value of the Performance Participation OP Units outstanding at the beginning of the then-current calendar year and all Performance Participation OP Units issued since the beginning of the then-current calendar year, taking into account the timing and amount of all distributions accrued or paid (without duplication) on all such Performance Participation OP Units and all issuances of Performance Participation OP Units over the period and calculated in accordance with recognized industry practices. The ending Net Asset Value of the Performance Participation OP Units used in calculating the internal rate of return will be calculated before giving effect to any allocation or accrual to the Performance Allocation and any applicable Distribution Fee expenses, provided that the calculation of the Hurdle Amount for any period will exclude any Performance Participation OP Units repurchased during such period, which Performance Participation OP Units will be subject to the Performance Allocation upon such repurchase as described in Section 5.2(c).

 

“Indemnitee” means (i) any Person made a party to a proceeding by reason of its status as the General Partner or a director, officer or employee of the General Partner or the Partnership (including, without limitation, the Partnership Representative and any “designated individual,” within the meaning of the Regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 6623 of the Code), (ii) the Adviser, (iii) the Special Limited Partner and (iv) such other Persons (including Affiliates of the General Partner or the Partnership) as the General Partner may designate from time to time, in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

“Investment Company Act” means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

 

“Joint Venture” means any joint venture or partnership arrangement (other than the Partnership) in which the Partnership or any of its Subsidiaries is a co-venturer or partner established to acquire Real Property or hold other assets of the Partnership.

 

“Limited Partner” means the General Partner in its capacity as a Limited Partner, and any other Person identified as a Limited Partner on the Partnership’s books and records, upon the execution and delivery by such Person of an additional limited partner signature page, and any Person who becomes a Substitute Limited Partner, in such Person’s capacity as a Limited Partner in the Partnership.

 

“Limited Partnership Interest” means the ownership interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership at any particular time, including the right of such Limited Partner to any and all benefits to which such Limited Partner may be entitled as provided in this Agreement and in the Act, together with the obligations of such Limited Partner to comply with all the provisions of this Agreement and of such Act. A Limited Partnership Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

 

“Listing” means the listing of any class of REIT Shares on a national securities exchange. Upon such Listing, the shares shall be deemed “Listed.”

 

“Loss” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(e).

 

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“Loss Carryforward Amount” shall initially equal zero and shall cumulatively increase by the absolute value of any negative annual Total Return and decrease by any positive annual Total Return; provided that the Loss Carryforward Amount shall at no time be less than zero and provided further that the calculation of the Loss Carryforward Amount will exclude the Total Return related to any Performance Participation OP Units repurchased during such year, which Performance Participation OP Units will be subject to the Performance Allocation upon such repurchase as described in Section 5.2(c).

 

“Net Asset Value” means (i) for any Partnership Units, the net asset value of such Partnership Units, determined as of the last business day of each month as described in the Prospectus and (ii) for any REIT Shares, the net asset value of such REIT Shares, determined as of the last business day of each month as described in the Prospectus.

 

“Net Asset Value Per REIT Share” means, for each Class of REIT Shares, the net asset value per share of such Class of REIT Shares, determined as of the last business day of each month as described in the Prospectus.

 

“Net Asset Value Per Unit” means, for each Class of Partnership Units, the net asset value per unit of such Class of Partnership Units, determined as of the last business day of each month as described in the Prospectus.

 

“Notice of Redemption” means the Notice of Exercise of Redemption Right substantially in the form attached as Exhibit A.

 

“Offer” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(b).

 

“Offering” means an offer and sale of securities, including, without limitation, REIT Shares and Units.

 

“Partner” means any General Partner, Special Limited Partner or Limited Partner.

 

“Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain” means an amount with respect to each Partner’s nonrecourse debt (as defined in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4)) equal to the Partnership Minimum Gain that would result if such partner nonrecourse debt were treated as a nonrecourse liability (as defined in Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2)) determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).

 

“Partnership” has the meaning described in the Preamble.

 

“Partnership Interest” means an ownership interest in the Partnership held by a Limited Partner, the General Partner or the Special Limited Partner and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a Partnership Interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

 

“Partnership Minimum Gain” has the meaning specified in Regulations Sections 1.704-2(b)(2) and 1.704-2(d).

 

“Partnership Record Date” means the record date established by the General Partner for the distribution of cash pursuant to Section 5.2, which record date shall be the same as the record date established by the General Partner for a distribution to its stockholders of some or all of its portion of such distribution.

 

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“Partnership Register” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.1.

 

“Partnership Representative” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.5(a).

 

“Partnership Unit” means a fractional, undivided share of the Partnership Interests (other than the General Partnership Interest and the Special Limited Partner Interest) of all Partners issued hereunder, including Class T Units, Class S Units, Class D Units, Class I Units and Class E Units. The allocation of Partnership Units of each Class among the Partners shall be as set forth on the Partnership’s books and records.

 

“Percentage Interest” means the percentage ownership interest in the Partnership of each Partner, as determined by dividing the Partnership Units owned by a Partner by the total number of Partnership Units then outstanding. The Percentage Interest of each Partner shall be as set forth on the Partnership’s books and records.

 

“Performance Allocation” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(c).

 

“Performance Participation OP Units” means, collectively, the Class T Units, Class S Units, Class D Units and Class I Units. Class E Units shall not be considered Performance Participation OP Units.

 

“Person” means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other legal entity.

 

“Profit” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(e).

 

“Property” means any Real Property, Real Estate-Related Assets, Real Estate Securities or other investment in which the Partnership holds an ownership interest.

 

“Prospectus” means the prospectus included in the most recent effective registration statement filed by the General Partner with the Commission with respect to the applicable public offering of REIT Shares, as such prospectus may be amended or supplemented from time to time.

 

“Quarterly Allocation” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(c).

 

“Quarterly Shortfall” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(c).

 

“Quarterly Shortfall Obligation” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(c).

 

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“Real Estate-Related Assets” means any investments (other than investments in Real Property), directly or indirectly, by the Partnership in interests related to Real Property of whatever nature, including, but not limited to (i) mortgage, mezzanine, bridge and other loans on Real Property, (ii) equity securities or interests in corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships and other joint ventures having an equity interest in Real Property, real estate investment trusts, ground leases, tenant-in-common interests, participating mortgages, convertible mortgages or other Debt instruments convertible into equity interests in Real Property by the terms thereof, options to purchase real estate, Real Property purchase-and-leaseback transactions and other transactions and investments with respect to real estate, and (iii) Debt securities such as collateralized mortgage backed securities, commercial mortgages and other Debt securities.

 

“Real Estate Securities” means equity and Debt securities of both publicly traded and private companies, including REITs and pass-through entities, that own Real Property or loans secured by real estate, including investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities and derivative instruments, owned by the General Partner or the Partnership directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates.

 

“Real Property” means real property owned from time to time by the Partnership or a Subsidiary thereof, either directly or through Joint Ventures, which consists of (i) land only, (ii) land, including the buildings located thereon, (iii) buildings only or (iv) such investments as the General Partner and the Adviser mutually designate as Real Property, including, but not limited to, ground leases.

 

“Received REIT Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.9(b).

 

“Redemption” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a).

 

“Redemption Price” means the Value of the REIT Shares Amount as of the end of the Specified Redemption Date.

 

“Redemption Right” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a).

 

“Regulations” means the federal income tax regulations promulgated under the Code, as amended and as hereafter amended from time to time. Reference to any particular provision of the Regulations shall mean that provision of the Regulations on the date hereof and any successor provision of the Regulations.

 

“Regulatory Allocations” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(g).

 

“REIT” has the meaning set forth in the Charter.

 

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“REIT Expenses” means (i) costs and expenses relating to the formation and continuity of existence and operation of the General Partner and any Subsidiaries thereof (which Subsidiaries shall, for purposes of this defined term, be included within the definition of General Partner), including taxes, fees and assessments associated therewith, any and all costs, expenses or fees payable to any director, officer, or employee of the General Partner or service providers to the General Partner (including service providers affiliated with the Adviser), (ii) costs and expenses relating to any Offering or registration of securities by the General Partner or the Partnership and all filings, statements, reports, fees and expenses incidental thereto, including, without limitation, underwriting discounts, placement fees and selling commissions applicable to any such Offering, Distribution Fees and any costs and expenses associated with any claims made by any holders of such securities or any underwriters or placement agents thereof, (iii) costs and expenses associated with any repurchase of any securities by the General Partner, (iv) costs and expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any periodic or other reports and communications by the General Partner under federal, state or local laws or regulations, including filings with the Commission, (v) costs and expenses associated with compliance by the General Partner with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body, including the Commission and any securities exchange, (vi) Advisory Fees and other fees and expenses payable to other services providers of the General Partner, (vii) costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner relating to any issuance or redemption of Partnership Interests or REIT Shares, (viii) all other operating or administrative costs of the General Partner incurred in the ordinary course of its business on behalf of or in connection with the Partnership and (ix) without duplication, amounts required to be paid or reimbursed to the Adviser pursuant to Section 11(c) of the Advisory Agreement.

 

“REIT Share” means a share of common stock of the General Partner (or successor entity, as the case may be).

 

“REIT Shares Amount” means a number of REIT Shares having the same Class designation as the Class of Partnership Units offered for exchange by a Tendering Party equal to such number of Partnership Units; provided that in the event the General Partner issues to all holders of REIT Shares rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities entitling the stockholders to subscribe for or purchase REIT Shares, or any other securities or property (collectively, the “rights”), and the rights have not expired at the Specified Redemption Date, then the REIT Shares Amount shall also include the rights issuable to a holder of the REIT Shares Amount of REIT Shares on the record date fixed for purposes of determining the holders of REIT Shares entitled to rights.

 

“Related Party” means, with respect to any Person, any other Person whose ownership of shares of the General Partner’s capital stock would be attributed to the first such Person under Code Section 544 (as modified by Code Section 856(h)(1)(B)).

 

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto. Reference to any provision of the Securities Act shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended, and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.

 

“Service” means the United States Internal Revenue Service.

 

“Side Letter” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.5.

 

“Special Limited Partner” means BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which shall be a limited partner of the Partnership and recognized as such under applicable Delaware law, but not a “Limited Partner” within the meaning of this Agreement (other than to the extent it owns Partnership Units).

 

“Special Limited Partner Interest” means the interest of the Special Limited Partner in the Partnership representing solely its right as the holder of an interest in distributions described in Section 5.2(c) (and any corresponding allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction under this Agreement), and not any interest in Partnership Units it may own from time to time.

 

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“Specified Redemption Date” means the first business day of the month following the month of the day that is 45 days after the receipt by the General Partner of the Notice of Redemption.

 

“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation or other entity of which a majority of (i) the voting power of the voting equity securities or (ii) the outstanding equity interests is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

 

“Substitute Limited Partner” means any Person admitted to the Partnership as a Limited Partner pursuant to Section 9.3.

 

“Successor Entity” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.3(a)(ii).

 

“Survivor” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(c).

 

“Tax Advances” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2(d).

 

“Tendered Units” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a).

 

“Tendering Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.5(a).

 

“Total Return” for any period since the end of the prior calendar year shall equal the sum of: (i) all distributions (including any deemed distributions under Section 5.2(a)) accrued or paid (without duplication) on the Performance Participation OP Units outstanding at the end of such period since the beginning of the then-current calendar year plus (ii) the change in aggregate Net Asset Value of such Performance Participation OP Units since the beginning of such year, before giving effect to (x) changes resulting solely from the proceeds of issuances of Performance Participation OP Units, (y) any allocation or accrual to the Performance Allocation and (z) any applicable Distribution Fee expenses (including any payments made to the General Partner for payment of such expenses). For the avoidance of doubt, the calculation of Total Return will (i) include any appreciation or depreciation in the Net Asset Value of Performance Participation OP Units issued during the then-current calendar year but (ii) exclude the proceeds from the initial issuance of such Performance Participation OP Units.

 

“Transaction” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(b).

 

“Transfer” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(a). “Transfers” and “Transferred” have correlative meanings.

 

“Value” means, for any Class of REIT Shares: (i) if such Class of REIT Shares are Listed, the average closing price per share for the previous 30 trading days, or (ii) if such Class of REIT Shares are not Listed, the Net Asset Value Per REIT Share for REIT Shares of that Class.

 

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1.2.            Interpretation. The definitions in Section 1.1 shall apply equally to both the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Wherever the context may require, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. For all purposes of this Agreement, the term “control” and variations thereof shall mean possession of the authority to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of the specified entity, through the direct or indirect ownership of equity interests therein, by contract or otherwise. As used in this Agreement, the words “include,” “includes” and “including” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.” As used in this Agreement, the terms “herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder” shall refer to this Agreement in its entirety. Any references in this Agreement to “Sections” or “Articles” shall, unless otherwise specified, refer to Sections or Articles, respectively, in this Agreement. Any references in this Agreement to an “Exhibit” shall, unless otherwise specified, refer to an Exhibit attached to this Agreement, as such Exhibit may be amended from time to time. Each such Exhibit shall be deemed incorporated in this Agreement in full.

 

ARTICLE 2

 

PARTNERSHIP FORMATION AND IDENTIFICATION

 

2.1.            Formation. The Partnership was formed as a limited partnership pursuant to the Act and all other pertinent laws of the State of Delaware, for the purposes and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. Except as expressly provided herein to the contrary, the rights and obligations of the Partners and the administration and termination of the Partnership shall be governed by the Act. No Partner has any interest in any Partnership Property, and the Partnership Interest of each Partner shall be personal property for all purposes.

 

2.2.            Name, Office and Registered Agent. The name of the Partnership is BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP. The Partnership’s business may be conducted under any other name or names deemed advisable by the General Partner, including the name of the General Partner or any Affiliate thereof. The words “Limited Partnership,” “LP,” “Ltd.” or similar words or letters shall be included in the Partnership’s name where necessary for the purposes of complying with the laws of any jurisdiction that so requires. The General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion may change the name of the Partnership at any time and from time to time and shall notify the Partners of such change in the next regular communication to the Partners (or, in the sole discretion of the General Partner, earlier). The specified office and principal place of business of the Partnership shall be 399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, New York 10022. The General Partner may at any time change the location of such office, provided the General Partner gives notice to the Partners of any such change. The name and address of the Partnership’s registered agent is The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801. The sole duty of the registered agent as such is to forward to the Partnership any notice that is served on him as registered agent. The Partnership may maintain offices at such other place or places within or outside the State of Delaware as the General Partner deems advisable.

 

2.3.            Partners.

 

(a)            The General Partner of the Partnership is BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation. Its principal place of business is the same as that of the Partnership.

 

(b)            The Limited Partners are the General Partner (in its capacity as a Limited Partner) and any other Persons identified as Limited Partners on the Partnership’s books and records. A Person shall be admitted as a Limited Partner of the Partnership at the time that (i) this Agreement or a counterpart hereof is executed by or on behalf of such Person and (ii) such Person is listed by the General Partner as a Limited Partner of the Partnership in the Partnership Register.

 

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(c)            The Special Limited Partner is BGO REIT Special Limited Partner LP, a Delaware limited partnership. Its principal place of business is the same as that of the Partnership.

 

2.4.            Term and Dissolution.

 

(a)            The Partnership commenced upon the filing for record of the Certificate of Limited Partnership in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on September 8, 2022, and shall continue indefinitely, except that the Partnership shall be dissolved upon the first to occur of any of the following events:

 

(i)            The occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to a General Partner or the dissolution, death, removal or withdrawal of a General Partner unless the business of the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.3(b); provided, that if a General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the dissolution of such General Partner as a result of the dissolution, death, withdrawal, removal or Event of Bankruptcy of a partner in such partnership shall not be an event of dissolution of the Partnership if the business of such General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners, either alone or with additional partners, and such General Partner and such partners comply with any other applicable requirements of this Agreement;

 

(ii)            The passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership; provided, that if the Partnership receives an installment obligation as consideration for such sale or other disposition, the Partnership shall continue, unless sooner dissolved under the provisions of this Agreement, until such time as such note or notes are paid in full; or

 

(iii)            The election by the General Partner that the Partnership should be dissolved.

 

(b)            Upon dissolution of the Partnership (unless the business of the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.3(b)), the General Partner (or its trustee, receiver, successor or legal representative) shall amend or cancel any Certificate(s) and liquidate the Partnership’s assets and apply and distribute the proceeds thereof in accordance with Section 5.7. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the liquidating General Partner may either (i) defer liquidation of, or withhold from distribution for a reasonable time, any assets of the Partnership (including those necessary to satisfy the Partnership’s Debts and obligations), or (ii) distribute the assets to the Partners in kind.

 

2.5.            Filing of Certificate and Perfection of Limited Partnership. The General Partner shall execute, acknowledge, record and file at the expense of the Partnership, any and all amendments to the Certificate(s) and all requisite fictitious name statements and notices in such places and jurisdictions as may be necessary to cause the Partnership to be treated as a limited partnership under, and otherwise to comply with, the laws of each state or other jurisdiction in which the Partnership conducts business.

 

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2.6.            Certificates Representing Partnership Units. At the request of a Limited Partner, the General Partner, at its sole and absolute discretion, may issue (but in no way is obligated to issue) a certificate specifying the number and Class of Partnership Units owned by the Limited Partner as of the date of such certificate. Any such certificate (i) shall be in form and substance as approved by the General Partner, (ii) shall not be negotiable and (iii) shall bear a legend to the following effect:

 

“This certificate is not negotiable. The Partnership Units represented by this certificate are governed by and transferable only in accordance with the provisions of the Limited Partnership Agreement of BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, as amended from time to time.”

 

ARTICLE 3

 

BUSINESS OF THE PARTNERSHIP

 

The purpose and nature of the business to be conducted by the Partnership is (i) to conduct any business that may be lawfully conducted by a limited partnership organized pursuant to the Act; provided, however, that such business shall be limited to and conducted in such a manner as to permit the General Partner at all times to qualify as a REIT, and in a manner such that the General Partner will not be subject to any taxes under Section 857 or 4981 of the Code (to the extent the General Partner determines not being subject to such taxes is desirable), unless the General Partner otherwise ceases to qualify as a REIT, (ii) to enter into any partnership, Joint Venture or other similar arrangement to engage in any of the foregoing or the ownership of interests in any entity engaged in any of the foregoing and (iii) to do anything necessary or incidental to the foregoing. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Partners agree that the General Partner may terminate its status as a REIT under the Code at any time to the full extent permitted under the Charter. The General Partner on behalf of the Partnership shall also be empowered to do any and all acts and things necessary or prudent to ensure that the Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for purposes of Section 7704 of the Code.

 

ARTICLE 4

 

CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACCOUNTS

 

4.1.            Capital Contributions. The General Partner and the Limited Partners have made Capital Contributions to the Partnership in exchange for the Partnership Interests set forth opposite their names on the Partnership’s books and records (the “Partnership Register”). The General Partner shall keep the Partnership Register current, which shall include, among other things, a register that contains the name, address and number and Class of Partnership Units of each Partner and that reflects periodic changes to the Capital Contributions made by the Partners and redemptions and other purchases of Partnership Units by the Partnership, and corresponding changes to the Partnership Interests of the Partners, without preparing an amendment to this Agreement. Any reference in this Agreement to the Partnership Register shall be deemed a reference to the Partnership Register as in effect from time to time. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, the General Partner may take any action authorized hereunder in respect of the Partnership Register without any need to obtain the consent or approval of any other Partner. No action of any Limited Partner shall be required to amend or update the Partnership Register. Except as required by law, no Limited Partner shall be entitled to receive a copy of the information set forth in the Partnership Register relating to any Partner other than itself.

 

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4.2.            Classes of Partnership Units. The General Partner is hereby authorized to cause the Partnership to issue Partnership Units designated as Class T Units, Class S Units, Class D Units, Class I Units and Class E Units. Each such Class shall have the rights and obligations attributed to that Class under this Agreement.

 

4.3.            Additional Capital Contributions and Issuances of Additional Partnership Interests. Except as provided in this Section 4.3 or in Section 4.4, the Partners shall have no right or obligation to make any additional Capital Contributions or loans to the Partnership. The General Partner may contribute additional capital to the Partnership, from time to time, and receive additional Partnership Interests in respect thereof, in the manner contemplated in this Section 4.3.

 

(a)            Issuances of Additional Partnership Interests.

 

(i)            General. The General Partner is hereby authorized to cause the Partnership to issue such additional Partnership Interests in the form of Partnership Units for any Partnership purpose at any time or from time to time to the Partners (including the General Partner) or to other Persons for such consideration and on such terms and conditions as shall be established by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, all without the approval of any Limited Partner, including but not limited to, (i) Partnership Units issued in connection with the issuance of REIT Shares of or other interests in the General Partner, (ii) Partnership Units issued to the Special Limited Partner with respect to payments made pursuant to the Performance Allocation, (iii) Partnership Units issued to the Adviser in lieu of cash fees pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, (iv) upon the conversion, redemption or exchange of any Debt, Partnership Units, or other securities issued by the Partnership, (v) in connection with any merger of any other Person into the Partnership, (vi) upon the contribution of property or assets to the Partnership or otherwise in connection with the Partnership’s acquisition of property or assets, and (vii) for such consideration as the General Partner may determine. Upon the issuance of any additional Partnership Interest, the General Partner shall, without the Consent of any other Partners, amend the Partnership Register as appropriate to reflect such issuance. Any additional Partnership Interests issued thereby may be issued in one or more Classes (including the Classes specified in this Agreement or any other Classes), or one or more series of any of such Classes, with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, voting and other powers and duties, including rights, powers and duties senior to Limited Partnership Interests, all as shall be determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion and without the approval of any Limited Partner, subject to Delaware law, including, without limitation, (i) the allocations of items of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit to each such Class or series of Partnership Interests; (ii) the right of each such Class or series of Partnership Interests to share in Partnership distributions; and (iii) the rights of each such Class or series of Partnership Interests upon dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership; provided, however, that no additional Partnership Interests shall be issued to the General Partner unless:

 

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(1)            the additional Partnership Interests are issued in connection with an issuance of Additional Securities by the General Partner in accordance with Section 4.3(a)(iii);

 

(2)            the additional Partnership Interests are issued in exchange for property owned by the General Partner or in exchange for other consideration with a fair market value, as determined by the General Partner, in good faith, equal to the value of the Partnership Interests;

 

(3)            the additional Partnership Interests are issued upon the conversion, redemption or exchange of Debt, Partnership Units or other securities issued by the Partnership; or

 

(4)            the additional Partnership Interests are also offered or issued to all Partners holding Partnership Units of the same Class or series in proportion to the Partnership Units of such Class or series held by such Partners.

 

Without limiting the foregoing, the General Partner is expressly authorized to cause the Partnership to issue Partnership Units for less than fair market value, so long as the General Partner concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the best interests of the General Partner and the Partnership.

 

(ii)            Adjustment Events. In the event the General Partner (i) declares or pays a dividend on any Class of its outstanding REIT Shares in REIT Shares or makes a distribution to all holders of any Class of its outstanding REIT Shares in REIT Shares, (ii) subdivides any Class of its outstanding REIT Shares, or (iii) combines any Class of its outstanding REIT Shares into a smaller number of REIT Shares with respect to any Class of REIT Shares, then a corresponding adjustment to the number of outstanding Partnership Units of the applicable Class necessary to maintain the proportionate relationship between the number of outstanding Partnership Units of such Class to the number of outstanding REIT Shares of such Class shall automatically, and without further action by the General Partner or any Limited Partner, be made. Additionally, in the event that any other entity shall become General Partner pursuant to any merger, consolidation or combination of the General Partner with or into another entity (the “Successor Entity”), the number of outstanding Partnership Units of each Class shall be adjusted by multiplying such number by the number of shares of the Successor Entity into which one REIT Share of such Class is converted pursuant to such merger, consolidation or combination, determined as of the date of such merger, consolidation or combination. Any adjustment to the number of outstanding Partnership Units of any Class shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such event; provided, however, that if the General Partner receives a Notice of Redemption after the record date, but prior to the effective date of such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination, or such merger, consolidation or combination, the number of outstanding Partnership Units of any Class shall be determined as if the General Partner had received the Notice of Redemption immediately prior to the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination or such merger, consolidation or combination. If the General Partner takes any other action affecting the REIT Shares other than actions specifically described above and, in the opinion of the General Partner such action would require an adjustment to the number of Partnership Units to maintain the proportionate relationship between the number of outstanding Partnership Units to the number of outstanding REIT Shares, the General Partner shall have the right to make such adjustment to the number of Partnership Units, to the extent permitted by law, in such manner and at such time as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, may determine to be appropriate under the circumstances.

 

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(iii)            Upon Issuance of Additional Securities. Upon the issuance by the General Partner of any Additional Securities (including pursuant to the General Partner’s distribution reinvestment plan) other than to all holders of REIT Shares, the General Partner shall contribute any net proceeds from the issuance of such Additional Securities and from any exercise of rights contained in such Additional Securities, directly and through the General Partner, to the Partnership in return for, as the General Partner may designate, Partnership Interests or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of the Partnership having designations, preferences and other rights such that their economic interests are substantially similar to those of the Additional Securities; provided, however, that the General Partner is allowed to issue Additional Securities in connection with an acquisition of assets that would not be owned directly or indirectly by the Partnership, but if and only if, such acquisition and issuance of Additional Securities is approved and determined to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the General Partner and the Partnership; provided further, that the General Partner is allowed to use net proceeds from the issuance and sale of such Additional Securities to repurchase REIT Shares pursuant to a share repurchase plan. Without limiting the foregoing, the General Partner is expressly authorized to issue Additional Securities for less than fair market value, and to cause the Partnership to issue to the General Partner corresponding Partnership Interests, so long as the General Partner concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the best interests of the General Partner and the Partnership, including without limitation, the issuance of REIT Shares and corresponding Partnership Units pursuant to an employee share purchase plan that provides for employee purchases of REIT Shares at a discount from fair market value or employee stock options that have an exercise price that is less than the fair market value of the REIT Shares, either at the time of issuance or at the time of exercise. Without limiting the foregoing, if the General Partner issues REIT Shares of any Class for a cash purchase price and contributes all of the net proceeds of such issuance to the Partnership as required hereunder, the General Partner shall be issued a number of additional Partnership Units having the same Class designation as the issued REIT Shares equal to the number of such REIT Shares of that Class issued by the General Partner the proceeds of which were so contributed.

 

(b)            Certain Deemed Contributions of Proceeds of Issuance of REIT Shares. In connection with any and all issuances of REIT Shares, to the extent that the General Partner shall make Capital Contributions to the Partnership of the proceeds therefrom, if the proceeds actually received and contributed by the General Partner in respect of the REIT Shares the proceeds of which were so contributed are less than the gross proceeds of such issuance as a result of any underwriter’s discount, placement fee or other expenses paid or incurred in connection with such issuance, then the General Partner shall be deemed to have made Capital Contributions to the Partnership in the aggregate amount of the gross proceeds of such issuance and the Partnership shall be deemed simultaneously to have paid such expenses in accordance with Section 6.5 and in connection with the required issuance of additional Partnership Units to the General Partner for such Capital Contributions pursuant to Section 4.3(a), and any such expenses shall be allocable solely to the Class of Partnership Units issued to the General Partner at such time. In connection with any and all issuances of REIT Shares pursuant to the General Partner’s distribution reinvestment plan, the General Partner shall be deemed to have made Capital Contributions to the Partnership in the aggregate amount of the distributions that have been reinvested in respect of the REIT Shares issued by the General Partner in return for an equal number of Partnership Units having the same Class designation as the issued REIT Shares.

 

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4.4.            Additional Funding. If the General Partner determines that it is in the best interests of the Partnership to provide for additional Partnership funds (“Additional Funds”) for any Partnership purpose, the General Partner may (i) cause the Partnership to obtain such funds from outside borrowings, (ii) elect to have the General Partner or any of its Affiliates provide such Additional Funds to the Partnership through loans, purchase of additional Partnership Interests or otherwise (which the General Partner or such Affiliates will have the option, but not the obligation, of providing) or (iii) cause the Partnership to issue additional Partnership Interests and admit additional Limited Partners to the Partnership in accordance with Section 4.3.

 

4.5.            Capital Accounts. A separate capital account (a “Capital Account”) shall be established and maintained for each Partner in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv) and a Partner shall have a single Capital Account with respect to all Partnership Interests held by such Partner. If (i) a new or existing Partner acquires an additional Partnership Interest in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution, (ii) the Partnership distributes to a Partner more than a de minimis amount of Partnership Property or money as consideration for a Partnership Interest, (iii) the Partnership is liquidated within the meaning of Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g), (iv) the Partnership grants a Partnership Interest (other than a de minimis interest) as consideration for the provision of services to or for the benefit of the Partnership or (v) another event occurs pursuant to which the Partnership may revalue its Property, the General Partner may revalue the Property of the Partnership to its fair market value (as determined by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion). When the Partnership’s Property is revalued by the General Partner, the Capital Accounts of the Partners shall be adjusted in accordance with Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) and (g), which generally require such Capital Accounts to be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such Property (that has not been reflected in the Capital Accounts previously) would be allocated among the Partners pursuant to Section 5.1 if there were a taxable disposition of such Property for its fair market value (as determined by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, and taking into account Section 7701(g) of the Code) on the date of the revaluation.

 

4.6.            Percentage Interests. If the number of outstanding Partnership Units increases or decreases during a taxable year, each Partner’s Percentage Interest shall be adjusted by the General Partner effective as of the effective date of each such increase or decrease to a percentage equal to the number of Partnership Units held by such Partner divided by the aggregate number of Partnership Units outstanding after giving effect to such increase or decrease. If the Partners’ Percentage Interests are adjusted pursuant to this Section 4.6, the Profits and Losses for the taxable year in which the adjustment occurs shall be allocated between the part of the year ending on the day when the adjustment occurs and the part of the year beginning on the following day either (i) as if the taxable year had ended on the date of the adjustment or (ii) based on the number of days in each part. The General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall determine which method shall be used to allocate Profits and Losses for the taxable year in which the adjustment occurs. The allocation of Profits and Losses for the earlier part of the year shall be based on the Percentage Interests before adjustment, and the allocation of Profits and Losses for the later part shall be based on the adjusted Percentage Interests.

 

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4.7.            No Interest on Contributions. No Partner shall be entitled to interest on its Capital Contribution.

 

4.8.            Return of Capital Contributions. No Partner shall be entitled to withdraw any part of its Capital Contribution or its Capital Account or to receive any distribution from the Partnership, except as specifically provided in this Agreement. Except as otherwise provided herein, there shall be no obligation to return to any Partner or withdrawn Partner any part of such Partner’s Capital Contribution for so long as the Partnership continues in existence.

 

4.9.            No Third-Party Beneficiary. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, no creditor or other third party having dealings with the Partnership shall have the right to enforce the right or obligation of any Partner to make Capital Contributions or loans or to pursue any other right or remedy hereunder or at law or in equity, it being understood and agreed that the provisions of this Agreement shall be solely for the benefit of, and may be enforced solely by, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. None of the rights or obligations of the Partners herein set forth to make Capital Contributions or loans to the Partnership shall be deemed an asset of the Partnership for any purpose by any creditor or other third party, nor may such rights or obligations be sold, transferred or assigned by the Partnership or pledged or encumbered by the Partnership to secure any Debt or other obligation of the Partnership or of any of the Partners. In addition, it is the intent of the parties hereto that no distribution to any Limited Partner shall be deemed a return of money or other property in violation of the Act. However, if any court of competent jurisdiction holds that, notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement, any Limited Partner is obligated to return such money or property, such obligation shall be the obligation of such Limited Partner and not of the General Partner. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a deficit Capital Account of a Partner shall not be deemed to be a liability of such Partner nor an asset or property of the Partnership.

 

4.10.            No Preemptive Rights. Except as expressly provided in this Agreement, no Person, including, without limitation, any Partner or assignee, shall have any preemptive, preferential, participation or similar right or rights to subscribe for or acquire any Partnership Interest or to otherwise make an additional Capital Contribution.

 

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ARTICLE 5

 

PROFITS AND LOSSES; DISTRIBUTIONS

 

5.1.            Allocation of Profit and Loss.

 

(a)            General Partner Gross Income Allocation. There shall be specially allocated to the General Partner an amount of (i) first, items of Partnership income and (ii) second, items of Partnership gain during each fiscal year or other applicable period, before any other allocations are made hereunder, in an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the cumulative reimbursements made to the General Partner under Section 6.5(b) (other than reimbursements which would properly be treated as “guaranteed payments” or which are attributable to the reimbursement of expenses which would properly be either deductible by the Partnership or added to the tax basis of any Partnership asset) over the cumulative allocations of Partnership income and gain to the General Partner under this Section 5.1(a).

 

(b)            General Allocations. The items of Profit and Loss of the Partnership for each fiscal year or other applicable period, other than any items allocated under Section 5.1(a), shall be allocated among the Partners in a manner that will, as nearly as possible (after giving effect to the allocations under Section 5.1(a), 5.1(c) 5.1(g) and 5.2(c)) cause the Capital Account balance of each Partner at the end of such fiscal year or other applicable period to equal (i) the amount of the hypothetical distribution that such Partner would receive if the Partnership were liquidated on the last day of such period and all assets of the Partnership, including cash, were sold for cash equal to their Carrying Values, taking into account any adjustments thereto for such period, all liabilities of the Partnership were satisfied in full in cash according to their terms (limited with respect to each nonrecourse liability to the Carrying Value of the assets securing such liability) and the remaining cash proceeds (after satisfaction of such liabilities) were distributed in full pursuant to Section 5.2, minus (ii) the sum of such Partner’s share of Partnership Minimum Gain and Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain and the amount, if any and without duplication, that the Partner would be obligated to contribute to the capital of the Partnership, all computed as of the date of the hypothetical sale of assets. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may make such allocations as it deems reasonably necessary to give economic effect to the provisions of this Agreement, taking into account facts and circumstances as the General Partner deems reasonably necessary for this purpose (including, without limitation, the allocation of items of loss or deduction attributable to Distribution Fees and Advisory Fees, upfront selling commissions, upfront dealer manager fees and the Performance Allocation shall be allocated to Classes of Partnership Units other than Class E Units).

 

(c)            Regulatory Allocations. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement:

 

(i)            Minimum Gain Chargeback. If there is a net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain or Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain (determined in accordance with the principles of Regulations Sections 1.704-2(d) and 1.704-2(i)) during any Partnership taxable year, the Partners shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to their respective shares of such net decrease during such year, determined pursuant to Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g) and 1.704-2(i)(5). The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(f). This Section 5.1(c)(i) is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirements in such Regulations Sections and shall be interpreted consistently therewith; including that no chargeback shall be required to the extent of the exceptions provided in Regulations Sections 1.704-2(f) and 1.704-2(i)(4).

 

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(ii)            Qualified Income Offset. If any Partner unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations, or distributions described in Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) or (6), items of Partnership income and gain shall be specially allocated to such Partner in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate the deficit Capital Account balance created by such adjustments, allocations or distributions as promptly as possible; provided, that an allocation pursuant to this Section 5.1(c)(ii) shall be made only to the extent that a Partner would have a deficit Capital Account balance in excess of such sum after all other allocations provided for in this Article 5 have been tentatively made as if this Section 5.1(c)(ii) were not in this Agreement. This Section 5.1(c)(ii) is intended to comply with the “qualified income offset” requirement of the Code and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

(iii)            Gross Income Allocation. If one or more Partners has a deficit Capital Account at the end of any fiscal year that is in excess of the sum of (i) the amount each such Partner is obligated to restore, if any, pursuant to any provision of this Partnership Agreement, and (ii) the amount each such Partner is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5), each such Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain in the amount of such excess as quickly as possible (in proportion to the amount of such deficit); provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 5.1(c)(iii) shall be made only if and to the extent that a Partner would have a deficit Capital Account in excess of such sum after all other allocations provided for in this Article 5 have been tentatively made as if Section 5.1(c)(ii) and this Section 5.1(c)(iii) were not in this Partnership Agreement.

 

(iv)            Payee Allocation. If any payment to any person that is treated by the Partnership as the payment of an expense is recharacterized by a taxing authority as a Partnership distribution to the payee as a partner, such payee shall be specially allocated, in the manner determined by the General Partner, an amount of Partnership gross income and gain as quickly as possible equal to the amount of the distribution.

 

(v)            Nonrecourse Deductions. Nonrecourse Deductions shall be allocated pro rata based on the number of Partnership Units held by each Partner. “Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning specified in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(1).

 

(vi)            Partner Nonrecourse Deductions. Partner Nonrecourse Deductions for any taxable period shall be allocated to the Partner who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the liability to which such Partner Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(j). “Partner Nonrecourse Deductions” has the meaning specified in Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).

 

(vii)            Special Allocations. Any special allocations of income or gain pursuant to Section 5.1(c)(ii) or Section 5.1(c)(iii) hereof shall be taken into account in computing subsequent allocations pursuant to Section 5.1(b) and this Section 5.1(c)(vii), so that the net amount of any items so allocated and all other items allocated to each Partner shall, to the extent possible, be equal to the net amount that would have been allocated to each Partner if such allocations pursuant to Section 5.1(c)(ii) or Section 5.1(c)(iii) had not occurred.

 

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(d)            Allocations Between Transferor and Transferee. If a Partner Transfers any part or all of its Partnership Interest, the distributive shares of the various items of Profit and Loss allocable among the Partners during such fiscal year of the Partnership shall be allocated between the transferor and the transferee Partner either (i) as if the Partnership’s fiscal year had ended on the date of the Transfer, or (ii) based on the number of days of such fiscal year that each was a Partner without regard to the results of Partnership activities in the respective portions of such fiscal year in which the transferor and the transferee were Partners. The General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall determine which method shall be used to allocate the distributive shares of the various items of Profit and Loss between the transferor and the transferee Partner.

 

(e)            Definition of Profit and Loss. “Profit” and “Loss” and any items of income, gain, expense or loss referred to in this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with the accounting method used by the Partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes with the following adjustments: (i) all items of income, gain, loss or deduction allocated pursuant to Sections 5.1(c)(i) through (iii) shall not be taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss; (ii) any income of the Partnership that is exempt from U.S. federal income taxation and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profit and Loss shall be added to such taxable income or loss; (iii) if the Carrying Value of any asset differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, any depreciation, amortization, gain or loss resulting from a disposition of such asset shall be calculated with reference to such Carrying Value; (iv) upon an adjustment to the Carrying Value of any asset pursuant to the definition of Carrying Value (other than an adjustment in respect of depreciation, amortization or cost recovery deductions), the amount of the adjustment shall be included as gain or loss in computing such taxable income or loss; (v) if the Carrying Value of any asset differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the amount of depreciation, amortization or cost recovery deductions with respect to such asset for purposes of Profit and Loss shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such Carrying Value as the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deductions bears to such adjusted tax basis (provided that if the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deduction is zero, the Partners may use any reasonable method for purposes of determining depreciation, amortization or other cost recovery deductions in calculating Profit and Loss; and (vi) except for items in (i) above, any expenditures of the Partnership not deductible in computing taxable income or loss, not properly capitalizable and not otherwise taken into account in computing Profit and Loss pursuant to this definition shall be treated as deductible items.

 

(f)            Tax Allocations. All items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of the Partnership shall be allocated among the Partners for federal, state and local income tax purposes consistent with the manner that the corresponding constituent items of Profit and Loss shall be allocated among the Partners pursuant to this Partnership Agreement in the manner determined by the General Partner, except as may otherwise be provided herein or by the Code; provided, that in the case of any asset the Carrying Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes, income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such asset shall be allocated solely for income tax purposes in accordance with the principles of Sections 704(b) and (c) of the Code (in any manner determined by the General Partner). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may make such allocations as it deems reasonably necessary to give economic effect to the provisions of this Agreement, taking into account facts and circumstances as the General Partner deems reasonably necessary for this purpose.

 

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(g)            Curative Allocations. The allocations set forth in Section 5.1(c) of this Agreement (the “Regulatory Allocations”) are intended to comply with certain requirements of the Regulations. The General Partner is authorized to offset all Regulatory Allocations either with other Regulatory Allocations or with special allocations of other items of Partnership income, gain, loss or deduction pursuant to this Section 5.1(g). Therefore, notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 5.1 (other than the Regulatory Allocations), the General Partner shall make such offsetting special allocations of Partnership income, gain, loss or deduction in whatever manner it deems appropriate so that, after such offsetting allocations are made, each Partner’s Capital Account is, to the extent possible, equal to the Capital Account balance such Partner would have had if the Regulatory Allocations were not part of this Agreement and all Partnership items were allocated pursuant to Sections 5.1(a) and (b).

 

5.2.            Distribution of Cash.

 

(a)            The Partnership shall distribute cash on a monthly (or, at the election of the General Partner, in its sole discretion, more or less frequent) basis, in an amount determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, to the Partners who are Partners on the Partnership Record Date with respect to such month (or other distribution period) in accordance with Section 5.2(b). The Partnership shall be deemed to have distributed cash to the General Partner in an amount equal to the amount of distributions by the General Partner that are reinvested in REIT Shares issued by the General Partner pursuant to the General Partner’s distribution reinvestment plan, and the General Partner shall be deemed to have made Capital Contributions to the Partnership in the aggregate amount of such distributions in return for an equal number of Partnership Units having the same Class designation as the issued REIT Shares. The Partnership shall be deemed to have distributed cash to a Limited Partner in an amount equal to the amount of distributions by the Partnership that are reinvested in Partnership Units issued by the Partnership to such Limited Partner pursuant to Section 5.9, and such Limited Partner shall be deemed to have made Capital Contributions to the Partnership in the aggregate amount of such distributions in return for such Partnership Units issued pursuant to Section 5.9. The number of Partnership Units issued to any such Limited Partner in respect of such reinvested distributions shall equal the amount of such reinvested distributions divided by the most recent Net Asset Value Per Unit of the applicable Class of Partnership Units at the time of such distribution (after accounting for any reduction in Net Asset Value Per Unit as a result of such distribution).

 

(b)            Except for distributions pursuant to Section 5.7 in connection with the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership and subject to the provisions of Sections 5.2(c), 5.2(d), 5.2(e), 5.3 and 5.4, all distributions of cash (including any deemed distributions pursuant to Section 5.2(a)) shall be made to the Partners in amounts proportionate to the aggregate Net Asset Value of the Partnership Units held by the respective Partners on the Partnership Record Date, except that the amount distributed per Partnership Unit of any Class may differ from the amount per Partnership Unit of another Class (i) on account of differences in Class-specific expense allocations with respect to REIT Shares as described in the Prospectus or with respect to Partnership Units (including, without limitation Distribution Fees, Advisory Fees and the Performance Allocation which shall be a Class-specific expense allocable to Classes of Partnership Units (and corresponding Classes of REIT Shares) other than Class E Units), or (ii) for other reasons as determined by the Board of Directors of the General Partner (including Advisory Fees and the Performance Allocation payable to the Special Limited Partner, each of which are class-specific expenses). Any such differences shall correspond to differences in the amount of distributions per REIT Share for REIT Shares of different Classes, with the same adjustments being made to the amount of distributions per Partnership Unit for Partnership Units of a particular Class as are made to the distributions per REIT Share by the General Partner with respect to REIT Shares having the same Class designation. Distributions per Class E Unit will equal the distributions per Class I Unit.

 

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(c)            Notwithstanding the foregoing, so long as the Advisory Agreement has not been terminated (including by means of non-renewal), the Special Limited Partner shall be entitled to a distribution (the “Performance Allocation”), promptly following the end of each calendar quarter and at the other times described below (which shall accrue on a monthly basis and be measured on a calendar year basis) in an amount equal to:

 

(i)            First, if the Total Return for the applicable period exceeds the sum of (i) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (ii) the Loss Carryforward Amount (any such excess, “Excess Profits”), 100% of such Excess Profits until the total amount allocated to the Special Limited Partner equals 12.5% of the sum of (x) the Hurdle Amount for that period and (y) any amount allocated to the Special Limited Partner pursuant to this clause; and

 

(ii)            Second, to the extent there are remaining Excess Profits, 12.5% of such remaining Excess Profits.

 

Any amount by which Total Return falls below the Hurdle Amount and that does not constitute Loss Carryforward Amount for any calendar year will not be carried forward to subsequent calendar years.

 

With respect to all Performance Participation OP Units that are repurchased at the end of any month in connection with repurchases of REIT Shares pursuant to the General Partner’s share repurchase plan or pursuant to Section 8.5, the Special Limited Partner shall be entitled to such Performance Allocation in an amount calculated as described above calculated in respect of the portion of the calendar year for which such Performance Participation OP Units were outstanding, and proceeds for any such Performance Participation OP Unit repurchase will be reduced by the amount of any such Performance Allocation.

 

Promptly following the end of each calendar quarter that is not also the end of a calendar year, the Special Limited Partner will be entitled to a Performance Allocation as described above calculated in respect of the portion of the year to date, less any Performance Allocation received with respect to prior quarters in that year (the “Quarterly Allocation”). The Performance Allocation that the Special Limited Partner is entitled to receive at the end of each calendar year will be reduced by the cumulative amount of Quarterly Allocations that year.

 

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If a Quarterly Allocation is made and at the end of a subsequent calendar quarter in the same calendar year the Special Limited Partner is entitled to less than the aggregate amount of all previously received Quarterly Allocations in such calendar year (such amount, a “Quarterly Shortfall”), then subsequent allocations of any Quarterly Allocations or the year-end Performance Allocation with respect to such calendar year shall be reduced by an amount equal to such Quarterly Shortfall, until such time as no Quarterly Shortfall remains. If all or any portion of a Quarterly Shortfall remains at the end of a calendar year following the application described in the previous sentence, allocations of any Quarterly Allocations and the year-end Performance Allocations in the subsequent four calendar years shall be reduced by an amount equal to (A) the remaining Quarterly Shortfall, plus (B) an annual rate of 5% on the remaining Quarterly Shortfall measured from the first day of the calendar year following the year in which the Quarterly Shortfall arose and compounded quarterly (collectively, the “Quarterly Shortfall Obligation”) until such time as no Quarterly Shortfall Obligation remains; provided, that the Special Limited Partner (or its Affiliate) may make a full or partial cash payment to reduce the Quarterly Shortfall Obligation at any time; provided, further, that if any Quarterly Shortfall Obligation remains following such subsequent four calendar years, then the Special Limited Partner (or its Affiliate) shall promptly pay the Partnership the remaining Quarterly Shortfall Obligation in cash.

 

Allocations on the Performance Allocation may be payable in cash, Class I Units or Class E Units at the election of the Special Limited Partner. If the Special Limited Partner elects to receive such allocations in Class I Units or Class E Units, the Special Limited Partner will receive the number of Class I Units or Class E Units that results from dividing the Performance Allocation by the Net Asset Value Per Unit of the applicable Class of Partnership Units at the time of such distribution. If the Special Limited Partner elects to receive such allocations in Class I Units or Class E Units, the Special Limited Partner may request the Partnership to redeem such Partnership Units from the Special Limited Partner at any time thereafter pursuant to Section 8.5.

 

The measurement of the change in Net Asset Value Per Unit for the purpose of calculating the Total Return is subject to adjustment by the Board of Directors of the General Partner to account for any dividend, split, recapitalization or any other similar change in the Partnership’s capital structure or any distributions that the Board of Directors of the General Partner deems to be a return of capital if such changes are not already reflected in the Partnership’s net assets.

 

Except as noted above with respect to Quarterly Allocations, the Special Limited Partner will not be obligated to return any portion of the Performance Allocation paid due to the subsequent performance of the Partnership.

 

In the event the Advisory Agreement is terminated (including by means of non-renewal), the Special Limited Partner will be allocated any accrued Performance Allocation with respect to all Performance Participation OP Units as of the date of such termination.

 

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(d)            To the extent the Partnership is required by law to withhold or to make tax payments (including interest and penalties thereon) on behalf of or with respect to any Partner (including withholding taxes or taxes imposed pursuant to Section 6225 of the Code) (“Tax Advances”), the General Partner may withhold such amounts and make such tax payments as so required. All Tax Advances made on behalf of a Partner shall, at the option of the General Partner, (i) be promptly paid to the Partnership by the Partner on whose behalf such Tax Advances were made or (ii) be repaid by reducing the amount of the current or next succeeding distribution or distributions which would otherwise have been made to such Partner or, if such distributions are not sufficient for that purpose, by so reducing the proceeds of liquidation otherwise payable to such Partner. Whenever the General Partner selects the option set forth in clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence for repayment of a Tax Advance by a Partner, for all other purposes of this Partnership Agreement such Partner shall be treated as having received all distributions unreduced by the amount of such Tax Advance. Each Partner hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Partnership and the General Partner and any member, officer or director of the General Partner from and against any liability with respect to Tax Advances required on behalf of or with respect to such Partner. Each Partner shall furnish the General Partner with such information, forms and certifications as it may require and as are necessary to comply with the regulations governing the obligations of withholding tax agents, as well as such information, forms and certifications as are necessary with respect to any withholding taxes imposed by countries other than the United States and represents and warrants that the information and forms furnished by it shall be true and accurate in all respects. The amount of any taxes paid by or withheld from receipts of the Partnership (or any investment in which the Partnership invests that is treated as a flow-through entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes) allocable to a Partner from an investment shall be deemed to have been distributed to each Partner to the extent that the payment or withholding of such taxes reduced distribution proceeds otherwise distributable to such Partner as provided herein. The obligations of a Partner set forth in this paragraph 5.2(d) shall survive the withdrawal of any Partner from the Partnership or any Transfer of such Partner’s interest.

 

(e)            In no event may a Partner receive a distribution of cash with respect to a Partnership Unit if such Partner is entitled to receive a cash distribution as the holder of record of a REIT Share for which all or part of such Partnership Unit has been or will be exchanged.

 

5.3.            REIT Distribution Requirements. The General Partner shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Partnership to distribute amounts sufficient to enable the General Partner to make stockholder distributions that will allow the General Partner to (i) meet its distribution requirement for qualification as a REIT as set forth in Section 857 of the Code and (ii) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the Code.

 

5.4.            No Right to Distributions in Kind. No Partner shall be entitled to demand property other than cash in connection with any distributions by the Partnership.

 

5.5.            Limitations on Return of Capital Contributions. Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Article 5, no Partner shall have the right to receive and the General Partner shall not have the right to make, a distribution that includes a return of all or part of a Partner’s Capital Contributions, unless after giving effect to the return of a Capital Contribution, the sum of all Partnership liabilities, other than the liabilities to a Partner for the return of his Capital Contribution, does not exceed the fair market value of the Partnership’s assets.

 

5.6.            Amendments to Reflect Additional Partnership Units. In the event that the Partnership issues additional Partnership Units pursuant to the provisions of Article 4 hereof, the General Partner is hereby authorized, without the Consent of any other Partner, to make such revisions to this Article 5 and other provisions of this Agreement as it determines are necessary or desirable to reflect the issuance of such additional Partnership Units, including, without limitation, making preferential distributions and allocations to Holders of certain Classes of Partnership Units.

 

5.7.            Distributions Upon Liquidation. Immediately before liquidation of the Partnership, Class T Units will automatically convert to Class I Units at the Class T Conversion Rate, Class S Units will automatically convert to Class I Units at the Class S Conversion Rate, Class D Units will automatically convert to Class I Units at the Class D Conversion Rate and Class E Units will automatically convert to Class I Units at the Class E Conversion Rate. Upon liquidation of the Partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, Debts, obligations and establishment of reserves of the Partnership, including any Partner loans, and after payment of any accrued Performance Allocation to the Special Limited Partner and any preferred return owed to any other Partnership Units, any remaining assets of the Partnership shall be distributed to each holder of Class I Units, ratably with each other holder of Class I Units, which will include all converted Class T Units, Class S Units, Class D Units and Class E Units in such proportion as the number of outstanding Class I Units held by such holder bears to the total number of outstanding Class I Units then outstanding.

 

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Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the amount by which the value, as determined in good faith by the General Partner, of any property other than cash to be distributed in kind to the Partners exceeds or is less than the Carrying Value of such property shall, to the extent not otherwise recognized by the Partnership, be taken into account in computing Profit and Loss of the Partnership for purposes of crediting or charging the Capital Accounts of, and distributing proceeds to, the Partners, pursuant to this Agreement.

 

To the extent deemed advisable by the General Partner, appropriate arrangements (including the use of a liquidating trust) may be made to assure that adequate funds are available to pay any contingent Debts or obligations.

 

5.8.            Substantial Economic Effect. It is the intent of the Partners that the allocations of Profit and Loss under this Agreement have substantial economic effect (or be consistent with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership in the case of the allocation of losses attributable to nonrecourse debt) within the meaning of Section 704(b) of the Code as interpreted by the Regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. Article 5 and other relevant provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with such intent.

 

5.9.            Reinvestment. Subject to legal, tax, regulatory or other similar considerations, each Limited Partner holding Partnership Units agrees to participate in the reinvestment program of distributions to the holders of Partnership Units (the “DRIP” and, any participating Limited Partner, a “DRIP Participant”) unless otherwise agreed with the General Partner in writing. The following provisions shall apply to the DRIP and any Limited Partner’s participation therein:

 

(a)            Subject to Section 5.9(b)(v), the General Partner shall, on behalf of each DRIP Participant, reinvest all distributions to be made to such DRIP Participant with respect to its Partnership Units in exchange for such DRIP Participant being issued additional Partnership Units of the same Class of Partnership Units held by such DRIP Participant with respect to which such distribution is being made. Partnership Units issued pursuant to the DRIP shall be purchased at the applicable Net Asset Value Per Unit on the date that the distribution is payable (calculated as of the most recent month end).

 

(b)            In connection with this Section 5.9, each Limited Partner agrees and acknowledges as follows:

 

(i)            The Partnership has designated the General Partner to administer the DRIP and act as agent for the DRIP Participants. The General Partner shall credit distributions to DRIP Participants on the basis of whole or fractional Partnership Units, and shall reinvest such distributions in additional Partnership Units of the same Class of Partnership Units to which the distribution relates.

 

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(ii)            A DRIP Participant shall remain in the DRIP until such DRIP Participant withdraws from the DRIP in accordance with Section 5.9(b)(v) or the General Partner terminates or suspends the DRIP.

 

(iii)            A DRIP Participant shall, on the date that the distribution is payable, be deemed to have received a cash distribution from the Partnership and then made a Capital Contribution in the same amount for the purchase of additional Partnership Units (at the then-current Net Asset Value Per Unit, calculated as of the most recent month end). No interest shall be paid on cash distributions pending reinvestment under the terms of the DRIP.

 

(iv)            No DRIP Participant shall have any authorization or power to direct the time or price at which Partnership Units shall be purchased. The total amount to be invested shall depend on the amount of any distributions paid on the number of Partnership Units owned by the DRIP Participant, as well as any withholding taxes paid on behalf of such DRIP Participant.

 

(v)            DRIP Participants may elect to withdraw from the DRIP with respect to the Partnership Units held in their account in the DRIP by providing 10 days’ prior written notice of such election to withdraw in a form acceptable to the General Partner and such election to withdraw shall be effective until rescinded by providing written notice of an election to reinstate participation in the DRIP in a form acceptable to the General Partner. Such written notice of such election to withdraw or be reinstated, as the case may be, must be received by the General Partner prior to the last business day of the month in order for a Participant’s termination to be effective for such month (i.e., a timely termination notice will be effective as of the last business day of a month in which it is timely received and will not affect participation in the DRIP for any prior month). Any Transfer of Partnership Units by a DRIP Participant to a non-DRIP Participant will terminate participation in the DRIP with respect to the Transferred Partnership Units. If a DRIP Participant requests that the Company repurchase all or any portion of the DRIP Participant’s Partnership Units, the DRIP Participant’s participation in the DRIP with respect to the DRIP Participant’s Partnership Units for which repurchase was requested but that were not repurchased will be terminated. If a DRIP Participant terminates DRIP participation, the Partnership may, at its option, ensure that the terminating DRIP Participant’s account will reflect the whole number of Partnership Units in such DRIP Participant’s account and provide a check or other instrument of payment for the cash value of any fractional share in such account. Upon termination of DRIP participation for any reason, future distributions will be distributed to the Investor in cash (except for allowable in-kind distributions).

 

(c)            This Section 5.9 shall not apply to any distributions to the General Partner made pursuant to Section 5.2(a) or any distributions to the Special Limited Partner pursuant to Section 5.2(c).

 

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ARTICLE 6

 

RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND POWERS OF THE GENERAL PARTNER

 

6.1.            Management of the Partnership.

 

(a)            Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, the General Partner shall have full, complete and exclusive discretion to manage and control the business of the Partnership for the purposes herein stated, and shall make all decisions affecting the business and assets of the Partnership. Subject to the restrictions specifically contained in this Agreement and without limiting any powers of the Adviser pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the powers of the General Partner shall include, without limitation, the authority to take the following actions on behalf of the Partnership:

 

(i)            to acquire, purchase, own, operate, lease and dispose of any Property;

 

(ii)            to construct buildings and make other improvements on the Properties owned or leased by the Partnership;

 

(iii)            to authorize, issue, sell, redeem or otherwise purchase any Partnership Interests or any securities (including secured and unsecured Debt obligations of the Partnership, Debt obligations of the Partnership convertible into any Class or series of Partnership Interests, or options, rights, warrants or appreciation rights relating to any Partnership Interests) of the Partnership;

 

(iv)            to borrow or lend money for the Partnership, issue or receive evidences of indebtedness in connection therewith, refinance, increase the amount of, modify, amend or change the terms of, or extend the time for the payment of, any such indebtedness, and secure such indebtedness by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other lien on the Partnership’s assets;

 

(v)            to pay, either directly or by reimbursement, for all operating costs and general administrative expenses of the Partnership to third parties or to the General Partner or its Affiliates as set forth in this Agreement;

 

(vi)            to guarantee or become a co-maker of indebtedness of the General Partner or any Subsidiary thereof, refinance, increase the amount of, modify, amend or change the terms of, or extend the time for the payment of, any such guarantee or indebtedness, and secure such guarantee or indebtedness by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other lien on the Partnership’s assets;

 

(vii)            to use assets of the Partnership (including, without limitation, cash on hand) for any purpose consistent with this Agreement, including, without limitation, payment, either directly or by reimbursement, of all operating costs and general administrative expenses of the General Partner, the Partnership or any Subsidiary of either of the foregoing, to third parties or to the General Partner as set forth in this Agreement;

 

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(viii)            to lease all or any portion of any of the Partnership’s assets, whether or not any portion of the Partnership’s assets so leased are to be occupied by the lessee, or, in turn, subleased in whole or in part to others, for such consideration and on such terms as the General Partner may determine;

 

(ix)            to prosecute, defend, arbitrate or compromise any and all claims or liabilities in favor of or against the Partnership, on such terms and in such manner as the General Partner may reasonably determine, and similarly to prosecute, settle or defend litigation, including in all such legal proceedings, administrative proceedings, arbitrations or other forms of dispute resolutions, with respect to the Partners, the Partnership or the Partnership’s assets;

 

(x)            to file applications, communicate and otherwise deal with any and all governmental agencies having jurisdiction over, or in any way affecting, the Partnership’s assets or any other aspect of the Partnership business, including the registration of any Class or series of the Partnership Units under the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the listing of any Debt securities of the Partnership on any securities exchange or trading forum;

 

(xi)            to make or revoke any election permitted or required of the Partnership by any taxing authority;

 

(xii)            to maintain such insurance coverage for public liability, fire and casualty and any and all other insurance for the protection of the Partnership, for the conservation of Partnership assets or for any other purpose convenient or beneficial to the Partnership, in such amounts and such types, as the General Partner shall determine from time to time;

 

(xiii)            to determine whether or not to apply any insurance proceeds for any Property to the restoration of such Property or to distribute such proceeds in accordance with the terms of this Agreement;

 

(xiv)            to establish one or more divisions of the Partnership, to hire and dismiss employees of the Partnership or any division of the Partnership and to retain legal counsel, accountants, consultants, real estate brokers and such other Persons, as the General Partner may deem necessary or appropriate in connection with the Partnership business and to pay therefor such remuneration as the General Partner may deem reasonable and proper;

 

(xv)            to retain other services of any kind or nature in connection with the Partnership business, and to pay therefor such remuneration as the General Partner may deem reasonable and proper;

 

(xvi)            to negotiate and conclude agreements on behalf of the Partnership with respect to any of the rights, powers and authority conferred upon the General Partner;

 

(xvii)            to maintain accurate accounting records and to file all federal, state and local income tax returns on behalf of the Partnership;

 

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(xviii)            to distribute Partnership cash or other Partnership assets in accordance with the terms of this Agreement;

 

(xix)            to form or acquire an interest in, and contribute property to, any further limited or general partnerships, Joint Ventures or other relationships that the General Partner deems desirable (including, without limitation, the acquisition of interests in, and the contributions of Property to, its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which it has an equity interest from time to time);

 

(xx)            to establish Partnership reserves for working capital, capital expenditures, contingent liabilities or any other valid Partnership purpose;

 

(xxi)            to merge, consolidate or combine the Partnership with or into another Person;

 

(xxii)            to do any and all acts and things necessary or prudent to ensure that the Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for purposes of Section 7704 of the Code;

 

(xxiii)            the exercise of any of the powers of the General Partner enumerated in this Agreement on behalf of or in connection with any Subsidiary of the Partnership, or any other Person in which the Partnership has a direct or indirect interest pursuant to contractual or other arrangements;

 

(xxiv)            to take such other action, execute, acknowledge, swear to or deliver such other documents and instruments and perform any and all other acts that the General Partner deems necessary or appropriate for the formation, continuation and conduct of the business and affairs of the Partnership (including, without limitation, all actions consistent with allowing the General Partner at all times to qualify as a REIT unless the General Partner voluntarily terminates its REIT status) and to possess and enjoy all of the rights and powers of a general partner as provided by the Act; and

 

(xxv)            to enter into transactions in derivative instruments (including without limitation structuring an investment as a credit default swap, total return swap or other over-the-counter derivative contract, instrument or participation or using a similar arrangement to leverage, access or enhance investments) and hedging arrangements (including without limitation to reduce the Partnership’s equity, currency, commodity price or interest rate exposure or other risks related to an investment).

 

(b)            Except as otherwise provided herein, to the extent the duties of the General Partner require expenditures of funds to be paid to third parties, the General Partner shall not have any obligations hereunder except to the extent that Partnership funds are reasonably available to it for the performance of such duties, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or require the General Partner, in its capacity as such, to expend its individual funds for payment to third parties or to undertake any individual liability or obligation on behalf of the Partnership.

 

6.2.            Delegation of Authority. The General Partner may delegate any or all of its powers, rights and obligations hereunder to any Person, and may appoint, employ, contract or otherwise deal with any Person for the transaction of the business of the Partnership, which Person (which may include the Adviser) may, under supervision of the General Partner, perform any acts or services for the Partnership as the General Partner may approve.

 

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6.3.            Indemnification and Exculpation of Indemnitees.

 

(a)            To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Partnership shall indemnify and hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless an Indemnitee from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, costs and expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements, penalties and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, of any nature whatsoever, known or unknown, liquidated or unliquidated, that are incurred by any Indemnitee and that relate to the operations of the Partnership in accordance with the terms of this Agreement in which any Indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established that: (i) the act or omission of the Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and constituted willful misconduct or gross negligence; (ii) the Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by settlement, judgment, order or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that an Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner that the Indemnitee believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Partnership or that the Indemnitee’s conduct constituted fraud, willful misconduct, gross negligence, a material breach of this Agreement, a breach of its fiduciary duty or, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, an Indemnitee had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 6.3 shall be made only out of the assets of the Partnership.

 

(b)            The Partnership shall reimburse an Indemnitee for reasonable expenses incurred by an Indemnitee who is a party to a proceeding in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding upon receipt by the Partnership of (i) a written affirmation by the Indemnitee of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Partnership as authorized in this Section 6.3 has been met, and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met.

 

(c)            The indemnification provided by this Section 6.3 shall be in addition to any other rights to which an Indemnitee or any other Person may be entitled under any agreement, pursuant to any vote of the Partners, as a matter of law or otherwise, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to serve in such capacity.

 

(d)            The Partnership may purchase and maintain insurance, on behalf of the Indemnitees and such other Persons as the General Partner shall determine, against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by such Person in connection with the Partnership’s activities, regardless of whether the Partnership would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement.

 

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(e)            For purposes of this Section 6.3, the Partnership shall be deemed to have requested an Indemnitee to serve as fiduciary of an employee benefit plan whenever the performance by it of its duties to the Partnership also imposes duties on, or otherwise involves services by, it to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan; excise taxes assessed on an Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to applicable law shall constitute fines within the meaning of this Section 6.3; and actions taken or omitted by the Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan in the performance of its duties for a purpose reasonably believed by it to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plan shall be deemed to be for a purpose which is not opposed to the best interests of the Partnership.

 

(f)            In no event may an Indemnitee subject the Limited Partners to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.

 

(g)            An Indemnitee shall not be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 6.3 because the Indemnitee had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement and the Charter.

 

(h)            The provisions of this Section 6.3 are for the benefit of the Indemnitees, their heirs, successors, assigns and administrators and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.

 

6.4.            Liability and Obligations of the General Partner.

 

(a)            Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, the General Partner shall not be liable for monetary damages to the Partnership or any Partners for losses sustained or liabilities incurred as a result of errors in judgment or of any act or omission not amounting to willful misconduct or gross negligence. The General Partner shall not be in breach of any duty that the General Partner may owe to the Limited Partners or the Partnership or any other Persons under this Agreement or of any duty stated or implied by law or equity if the General Partner, acting in good faith, abides by the terms of this Agreement.

 

(b)            The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner is acting on behalf of the Partnership, itself and its stockholders collectively, and that neither the General Partner nor its Board of Directors is under any obligation to consider the separate interests of the Limited Partners (including, without limitation, the tax consequences to Limited Partners or the tax consequences of some, but not all, of the Limited Partners) in deciding whether to cause the Partnership to take (or decline to take) any actions. In the event of a conflict between the interests of its stockholders on one hand and the Limited Partners on the other, the General Partner shall endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either its stockholders or the Limited Partners; provided, however, that for so long as the General Partner directly owns a controlling interest in the Partnership, any such conflict that the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, determines cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either its stockholders or any Limited Partner shall be resolved in favor of the stockholders. The General Partner shall not be liable for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred, or benefits not derived by Limited Partners in connection with such decisions, provided that the General Partner has acted in good faith.

 

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(c)            Subject to its obligations and duties as General Partner set forth in Section 6.1 hereof, the General Partner may exercise any of the powers granted to it under this Agreement and perform any of the duties imposed upon it hereunder either directly or by or through its agents. The General Partner shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent appointed by it in good faith.

 

(d)            Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement or the Act, any action of the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership or any decision of the General Partner to refrain from acting on behalf of the Partnership, undertaken in the good faith belief that such action or omission is necessary or advisable in order (i) to protect the ability of the General Partner to continue to qualify as a REIT, (ii) to prevent the General Partner from incurring any taxes under Section 857, Section 4981 or any other provision of the Code, or (iii) to ensure that the Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” under section 7704 of the Code, is expressly authorized under this Agreement and is deemed approved by all of the Limited Partners.

 

(e)            Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 6.4 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the General Partner’s liability to the Partnership and the Limited Partners under this Section 6.4 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when claims relating to such matters may arise or be asserted.

 

6.5.            Reimbursement of General Partner.

 

(a)            Except as provided in this Section 6.5 and elsewhere in this Agreement (including the provisions of Articles 5 and 6 regarding distributions, payments and allocations to which it may be entitled), the General Partner shall not be compensated for its services as general partner of the Partnership.

 

(b)            The General Partner shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis, or such other basis as the General Partner may determine in its sole and absolute discretion, for all Administrative Expenses incurred by the General Partner.

 

6.6.            Outside Activities.

 

(a)            Subject to Section 6.7 hereof, the Charter and any agreements entered into by the General Partner or its Affiliates with the Partnership or any of its Subsidiaries, any officer, director, employee, agent, trustee, Affiliate or stockholder of the General Partner shall be entitled to and may have, directly or indirectly, business interests and engage in business activities in addition to those relating to the Partnership, including business interests and activities substantially similar or identical to those of the Partnership. Neither the Partnership nor any of the Limited Partners shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement in any such business ventures, interests or activities. None of the Limited Partners nor any other Person shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement or the partnership relationship established hereby in any such business ventures, interests or activities, and the General Partner shall have no obligation pursuant to this Agreement to communicate or offer any opportunities or interest in any such business ventures, interests and activities to the Partnership or any Limited Partner, even if such opportunity is of a character which, if presented to the Partnership or any Limited Partner, could be taken by such Person, even if it may raise a conflict of interest with the Limited Partners or the Partnership. The General Partner will not be liable for breach of any fiduciary or other duty by reason of the fact that such party pursues or acquires for, or directs such opportunity or interest to another Person or does not communicate or offer such opportunity or interest to the Partnership.

 

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(b)            No Limited Partner shall, by reason of being a Limited Partner in the Partnership, have any right to participate in any manner in any profits or income earned or derived by or accruing to the General Partner and its respective Affiliates, or the respective members, partners, officers, directors, employees, stockholders, agents or representatives thereof from the conduct of any business other than the business of the Partnership or from any transaction in instruments effected by the General Partner and its Affiliates or the respective members, partners, stockholders, officers, directors, employees or agents thereof for any account other than that of the Partnership.

 

6.7.            Transactions With Affiliates.

 

(a)            Any Affiliate of the General Partner or the Adviser may be employed or retained by the Partnership and may otherwise deal with the Partnership (whether as a buyer, lessor, lessee, manager, furnisher of goods or services, broker, agent, lender or otherwise) and may receive from the Partnership any compensation, price or other payment therefor which the General Partner determines to be fair and reasonable.

 

(b)            The Partnership may lend or contribute to its Subsidiaries or other Persons in which it has an equity investment, and such Persons may borrow funds from the Partnership, on terms and conditions established in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner. The foregoing authority shall not create any right or benefit in favor of any Subsidiary or any other Person.

 

(c)            The Partnership may transfer assets to Joint Ventures, other partnerships, corporations or other business entities in which it is or thereby becomes a participant, and in which any of its Affiliates may or may not be a participant, upon such terms and subject to such conditions as the General Partner deems are consistent with this Agreement, applicable law, the Charter and the REIT status of the General Partner.

 

(d)            Except as expressly permitted by this Agreement, neither the General Partner nor any of its Affiliates shall sell, transfer or convey any property to, or purchase any property from, the Partnership, directly or indirectly, except pursuant to transactions that are, in the General Partner’s sole discretion, on terms that are fair and reasonable to the Partnership and in compliance with the Charter, the Advisory Agreement and the investment guidelines as established from time to time by the Board of Directors of the General Partner.

 

6.8.            Title to Partnership Assets. Title to Partnership assets, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible, shall be deemed to be owned by the Partnership as an entity, and no Partner, individually or collectively, shall have any ownership interest in such Partnership assets or any portion thereof. Title to any or all of the Partnership assets may be held in the name of the Partnership, the General Partner or one or more nominees, as the General Partner may determine, including Affiliates of the General Partner. The General Partner hereby declares and warrants that any Partnership assets for which legal title is held in the name of the General Partner or any nominee or Affiliate of the General Partner shall be held by the General Partner for the use and benefit of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement; provided, however, that the General Partner shall use its best efforts to cause beneficial and record title to such assets to be vested in the Partnership as soon as reasonably practicable. All Partnership assets shall be recorded as the Property of the Partnership in its books and records, irrespective of the name in which legal title to such Partnership assets is held.

 

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6.9.            Repurchases and Exchanges of REIT Shares.

 

(a)            Repurchases. If the General Partner repurchases any REIT Shares (other than REIT Shares repurchased with proceeds received from the issuance of other REIT Shares), then the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to purchase from the General Partner a number of Partnership Units having the same Class designation as the redeemed REIT Shares for that Class of Partnership Units on the same terms that the General Partner repurchased such REIT Shares (including any applicable discount to Net Asset Value).

 

(b)            Exchanges. If the General Partner exchanges any REIT Shares of any Class (“Exchanged REIT Shares”) for, or converts any REIT Shares of any Class to, REIT Shares of a different Class (“Received REIT Shares”), then the General Partner shall, and shall cause the Partnership to, exchange or convert a number of Partnership Units having the same Class designation as the Exchanged REIT Shares, for Partnership Units having the same Class designation as the Received REIT Shares on the same terms that the General Partner exchanged or converted the Exchanged REIT Shares.

 

6.10.            No Duplication of Fees or Expenses. The Partnership may not incur or be responsible for any fee or expense (in connection with an Offering or otherwise) that would be duplicative of fees and expenses paid by the General Partner.

 

ARTICLE 7

 

CHANGES IN GENERAL PARTNER

 

7.1.            Transfer of the General Partner’s Partnership Interest.

 

(a)            The General Partner shall not Transfer all or any portion of its General Partnership Interest or withdraw as General Partner except as provided in, or in connection with a transaction contemplated by, Section 7.1(b), (c) or (d).

 

(b)            Except as otherwise provided in this Section 7.1 or Section 7.4 hereof, the General Partner shall not engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another Person or sale of all or substantially all of its assets (other than in connection with a change in the General Partner’s state of incorporation or organizational form), in each case which results in a change of control of the General Partner (a “Transaction”), unless:

 

(i)            the consent of Limited Partners holding more than 50% of the Percentage Interests of the Limited Partners is obtained;

 

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(ii)            as a result of such Transaction all Limited Partners will receive for each Partnership Unit of each Class an amount of cash, securities or other property equal to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid in the Transaction to a holder of one REIT Share having the same Class designation as that Partnership Unit in consideration of such REIT Share; provided, that if in connection with the Transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer (“Offer”) shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding REIT Shares, each holder of Partnership Units shall be given the option to exchange its Partnership Units for the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property which a Limited Partner holding Partnership Units would have received had it (1) exercised its Redemption Right and (2) sold, tendered or exchanged pursuant to the Offer the REIT Shares received upon exercise of the Redemption Right immediately prior to the expiration of the Offer; or

 

(iii)            the General Partner is the surviving entity in the Transaction and either (A) the holders of REIT Shares do not receive cash, securities or other property in the Transaction or (B) all Limited Partners receive in exchange for their Partnership Units of each Class, an amount of cash, securities or other property (expressed as an amount per REIT Share) that is no less than the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property (expressed as an amount per REIT Share) received in the Transaction by any holder of REIT Shares having the same Class designation as the Partnership Units being exchanged.

 

(c)            Notwithstanding Section 7.1(b), the General Partner may merge with or into or consolidate with another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation (i) substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity (the “Survivor”), other than Partnership Units held by the General Partner, are contributed, directly or indirectly, to the Partnership as a Capital Contribution in exchange for Partnership Units with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so contributed as determined by the Survivor in good faith and (ii) the Survivor expressly agrees to assume all obligations of the General Partner, as appropriate, hereunder. Upon such contribution and assumption, the Survivor shall have the right and duty to amend this Agreement as set forth in this Section 7.1(c). The Survivor shall in good faith arrive at a new method for the calculation of the Cash Amount and the REIT Shares Amount after any such merger or consolidation so as to approximate the existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably possible. Such calculation shall take into account, among other things, the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property that was receivable upon such merger or consolidation by a holder of REIT Shares of each Class or options, warrants or other rights relating thereto, and which a holder of Partnership Units of any Class could have acquired had such Partnership Units been exchanged immediately prior to such merger or consolidation. Such amendment to this Agreement shall provide for adjustment to such method of calculation, which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for in Section 4.3(a)(ii). The Survivor also shall in good faith modify the definition of REIT Shares and make such amendments to Section 8.5 so as to approximate the existing rights and obligations set forth in Section 8.5 as closely as reasonably possible. The above provisions of this Section 7.1(c) shall similarly apply to successive mergers or consolidations permitted hereunder.

 

In respect of any transaction described in the preceding paragraph, the General Partner is required to use its commercially reasonable efforts to structure such transaction to avoid causing the Limited Partners to recognize a gain for federal income tax purposes by virtue of the occurrence of or their participation in such transaction; provided that such efforts are consistent with the exercise of the Board of Directors’ fiduciary duties to the stockholders of the General Partner under applicable law.

 

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(d)            Notwithstanding Section 7.1(b), a General Partner may Transfer all or any portion of its General Partnership Interest to (i) a wholly-owned Subsidiary of such General Partner or (ii) the owner of all of the ownership interests of such General Partner, and following a Transfer of all of its General Partnership Interest, may withdraw as General Partner.

 

7.2.            Admission of a Substitute or Additional General Partner. A Person shall be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner of the Partnership only if the following terms and conditions are satisfied:

 

(a)            the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner shall have accepted and agreed to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement by executing a counterpart thereof and such other documents or instruments as may be required or appropriate in order to effect the admission of such Person as a General Partner, and a Certificate evidencing the admission of such Person as a General Partner shall have been filed for recordation and all other actions required by Section 2.5 in connection with such admission shall have been performed;

 

(b)            if the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner is a corporation or a partnership it shall have provided the Partnership with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of such Person’s authority to become a General Partner and to be bound by the terms and provisions of this Agreement; and

 

(c)            counsel for the Partnership shall have rendered an opinion (relying on such opinions from other counsel and the state or any other jurisdiction as may be necessary) that (x) the admission of the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner is in conformity with the Act and (y) none of the actions taken in connection with the admission of such Person as a substitute or additional General Partner will cause (i) the Partnership to be classified other than as a partnership for federal tax purposes or (ii) the loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability.

 

7.3.            Effect of Bankruptcy, Withdrawal, Death or Dissolution of the sole remaining General Partner.

 

(a)            Upon the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to the sole remaining General Partner (and its removal pursuant to Section 7.4(a)) or the death, withdrawal, removal or dissolution of the sole remaining General Partner (except that, if the sole remaining General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the withdrawal, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as to, or removal of a partner in, such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of such General Partner if the business of such General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners), the Partnership shall be dissolved and terminated unless the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.3(b). The merger of the General Partner with or into any entity that is admitted as a substitute or successor General Partner pursuant to Section 7.2 shall not be deemed to be the withdrawal, dissolution or removal of the General Partner.

 

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(b)            Following the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to the sole remaining General Partner (and its removal pursuant to Section 7.4(a) hereof) or the death, withdrawal, removal or dissolution of the sole remaining General Partner (except that, if the sole remaining General Partner is, on the date of such occurrence, a partnership, the withdrawal of, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as to, or removal of a partner in, such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of such General Partner if the business of such General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners), the Limited Partners, within 90 days after such occurrence, may elect to continue the business of the Partnership by selecting, subject to Section 7.2 and any other provisions of this Agreement, a substitute General Partner by consent of the Limited Partners holding a majority of the Percentage Interests of all Limited Partners. If the Limited Partners elect to continue the business of the Partnership and admit a substitute General Partner, the relationship with the Partners and of any Person who has acquired a Partnership Interest of a Partner in the Partnership shall be governed by this Agreement.

 

7.4.            Removal of a General Partner.

 

(a)            Upon the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to, or the dissolution of, a General Partner, such General Partner shall be deemed to be removed automatically; provided, however, that if a General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the withdrawal, death or dissolution of, Event of Bankruptcy as to, or removal of, a partner in, such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of the General Partner if the business of such General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners. The Limited Partners may not remove the General Partner, with or without cause.

 

(b)            If a General Partner has been removed pursuant to this Section 7.4 and the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.3, such General Partner shall promptly Transfer and assign its General Partnership Interest in the Partnership to the substitute General Partner approved by the Limited Partners in accordance with Section 7.3(b) and otherwise admitted to the Partnership in accordance with Section 7.2. At the time of assignment, the removed General Partner shall be entitled to receive from the substitute General Partner the fair market value of the General Partnership Interest of such removed General Partner as reduced by any damages caused to the Partnership by such General Partner. Such fair market value shall be determined by an appraiser mutually agreed upon by the General Partner and the Limited Partners holding a majority of the Percentage Interests of all Limited Partners within 10 days following the removal of the General Partner. If the parties are unable to agree upon an appraiser, the removed General Partner and the Limited Partners holding a majority of the Percentage Interests of all Limited Partners each shall select an appraiser. Each such appraiser shall complete an appraisal of the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest within 30 days of the General Partner’s removal, and the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest shall be the average of the two appraisals; provided, however, that if the higher appraisal exceeds the lower appraisal by more than 20% of the amount of the lower appraisal, the two appraisers, no later than 40 days after the removal of the General Partner, shall select a third appraiser who shall complete an appraisal of the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest no later than 60 days after the removal of the General Partner. In such case, the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest shall be the average of the two appraisals closest in value.

 

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(c)            The General Partnership Interest of a removed General Partner, during the time after default until Transfer under Section 7.4(b), shall be converted to that of a special Limited Partner; provided, however, such removed General Partner shall not have any rights to participate in the management and affairs of the Partnership, and shall not be entitled to any portion of the income, expense, profit, gain or loss allocations or cash distributions allocable or payable, as the case may be, to the Limited Partners. Instead, such removed General Partner shall receive and be entitled only to retain distributions or allocations of such items that it would have been entitled to receive in its capacity as General Partner, until the Transfer is effective pursuant to Section 7.4(b).

 

(d)            All Partners shall have given and hereby do give such consents, shall take such actions and shall execute such documents as shall be legally necessary, desirable and sufficient to effect all the foregoing provisions of this Section.

 

ARTICLE 8

 

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE LIMITED PARTNERS

 

8.1.            Management of the Partnership. The Limited Partners shall not participate in the management or control of Partnership business nor shall they transact any business for the Partnership, nor shall they have the power to sign for or bind the Partnership, such powers being vested solely and exclusively in the General Partner.

 

8.2.            Power of Attorney. Each Limited Partner hereby irrevocably appoints the General Partner its true and lawful attorney-in-fact, who may act for each Limited Partner and in its name, place and stead, and for its use and benefit, to sign, acknowledge, swear to, deliver, file or record, at the appropriate public offices, any and all documents, certificates and instruments as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the General Partner to carry out fully the provisions of this Agreement and the Act in accordance with their terms, which power of attorney is coupled with an interest and shall survive the death, dissolution or legal incapacity of the Limited Partner, or the Transfer by the Limited Partner of any part or all of its Partnership Interest.

 

8.3.            Limitation on Liability of Limited Partners. No Limited Partner shall be liable for any Debts, liabilities, contracts or obligations of the Partnership. A Limited Partner shall be liable to the Partnership only to make payments of its Capital Contribution, if any, as and when due pursuant to the terms of this Agreement. After its Capital Contribution is fully paid, no Limited Partner shall, except as otherwise required by the Act, be required to make any further Capital Contributions or other payments or lend any funds to the Partnership.

 

8.4.            Ownership by Limited Partner of Corporate General Partner or Affiliate. No Limited Partner shall at any time, either directly or indirectly, own any stock or other interest in the General Partner or in any Affiliate thereof, if such ownership by itself or in conjunction with other stock or other interests owned by other Limited Partners would, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership, jeopardize the classification of the Partnership as a partnership for federal tax purposes. The General Partner shall be entitled to make such reasonable inquiry of the Limited Partners as is required to establish compliance by the Limited Partners with the provisions of this Section.

 

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8.5.            Redemption Right.

 

(a)            Subject to this Section 8.5 and the provisions of any agreements between the Partnership and one or more Limited Partners with respect to Partnership Units held by them, each Limited Partner other than the General Partner, after holding any Partnership Units for at least one year (or such shorter period as consented to by the General Partner in its sole discretion), shall have the right (subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein) to require the Partnership to redeem (a “Redemption”) all or a portion of such Partnership Units (the “Tendered Units”) in exchange for REIT Shares issuable on, or the Cash Amount payable on, or any combination thereof, the Specified Redemption Date, as determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion (a “Redemption Right”). Any Redemption Right shall be exercised pursuant to a Notice of Redemption delivered to the Partnership (with a copy to the General Partner) by the Limited Partner exercising the Redemption Right (the “Tendering Party”). A Tendering Party shall be deemed to have offered to sell the Tendered Units described in the Notice of Redemption to the General Partner and the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to purchase directly and acquire such Tendered Units by paying to the Tendering Party either the Cash Amount or the REIT Shares Amount. Within 15 days of receipt of a Notice of Redemption, the Partnership will send to the Limited Partner submitting the Notice of Redemption a response stating whether the General Partner has determined the applicable Partnership Units will be redeemed for REIT Shares or the Cash Amount, or a combination thereof. In either case, the Limited Partner shall be entitled to withdraw the Notice of Redemption if (i) it provides notice to the Partnership that it wishes to withdraw the request and (ii) the Partnership receives the notice no less than two business days prior to the Specified Redemption Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Special Limited Partner and the Adviser (or in the case of Partnership Units received in consideration for management fees, the Performance Allocation, the assignees of the Special Limited Partner and the Adviser) shall have the right to require the Partnership to redeem all or a portion of their Class E Units or Class I Units pursuant to this Section 8.5 at any time irrespective of the period such Partnership Units have been held by the Special Limited Partner or the Adviser. The Partnership shall redeem any such Class E Units or Class I Units of the Special Limited Partner or the Adviser for Class E REIT Shares or Class I REIT Shares or the Cash Amount (at the Adviser’s or Special Limited Partner’s election) unless the Board of Directors of the General Partner determines that any such Redemption for cash would be prohibited by applicable law or this Agreement, in which case such Class E Units or Class I Units will be redeemed for an amount of Class E REIT Shares or Class I REIT Shares with an aggregate Net Asset Value equivalent to the aggregate Net Asset Value of such Partnership Units (subject to the satisfaction of the restrictions set forth in Section 8.5(c) and Section 8.5(e)).

 

No Limited Partner, other than the Special Limited Partner and the Adviser, may deliver more than two Notices of Redemption during each calendar year. A Limited Partner, other than the Special Limited Partner and the Adviser, may not exercise the Redemption Right for less than 1,000 Partnership Units or, if such Limited Partner holds less than 1,000 Partnership Units, all of the Partnership Units held by such Partner. The Tendering Party shall have no right, with respect to any Partnership Units so redeemed, to receive any distribution paid with respect to Partnership Units if the record date for such distribution is on or after the Specified Redemption Date.

 

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(b)            If the General Partner elects to assume the obligation from the Partnership to redeem Tendered Units and agrees to acquire the Tendered Units for REIT Shares rather than cash, then the Partnership shall direct the General Partner to issue and deliver such REIT Shares to the Tendering Party pursuant to the terms set forth in this Section 8.5(b), in which case, (i) the General Partner, acting as a distinct legal entity, shall assume directly the obligation with respect thereto and shall satisfy the Tendering Party’s exercise of its Redemption Right, and (ii) such transaction shall be treated, for federal income tax purposes, as a Transfer by the Tendering Party of such Tendered Units to the General Partner in exchange for REIT Shares. The percentage of the Tendered Units tendered for Redemption by the Tendering Party for which the General Partner elects to issue REIT Shares (rather than the Cash Amount) is referred to as the “Applicable Percentage.” In making such election to acquire Tendered Units, the General Partner shall act in a fair, equitable and reasonable manner that neither prefers one group or class of Limited Partners over another nor discriminates against a group or class of Limited Partners. If, pursuant to the terms of this Section 8.5, the General Partner will acquire any number of Tendered Units for REIT Shares rather than the Cash Amount, on the Specified Redemption Date, the Tendering Party shall sell such number of the Tendered Units to the General Partner in exchange for a number of REIT Shares equal to the product of the REIT Shares Amount and the Applicable Percentage. The product of the Applicable Percentage and the REIT Shares Amount, if applicable, shall be delivered by the General Partner as duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable REIT Shares free of any pledge, lien, encumbrance or restriction, other than the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit (as calculated in accordance with the Charter) and other restrictions provided in the Article of Incorporation, the bylaws of the General Partner, the Securities Act and relevant state securities or “blue sky” laws. No Tendering Party whose Tendered Units are acquired by the General Partner shall have any right to cause or require the General Partner to register or qualify such REIT Shares with any federal or state securities agency under the Securities Act or to list such REIT Shares on any stock exchange. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 8.5(a) and this Section 8.5(b), the Tendering Parties shall have no rights under this Agreement that would otherwise be prohibited under the Charter.

 

(c)            In connection with an exercise of the Redemption Right pursuant to this Section 8.5, the Tendering Party shall submit the following to the General Partner, in addition to the Notice of Redemption:

 

(i)            A written affidavit, dated the same date as the Notice of Redemption, (a) disclosing the actual and constructive ownership, as determined for purposes of Code Sections 856(a)(6) and 856(h), of REIT Shares by (i) such Tendering Party and (ii) any Related Party and (b) representing that, after giving effect to the Redemption, neither the Tendering Party nor any Related Party will own REIT Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit or the Common Share Ownership Limit (or, if applicable the Excepted Holder Limit);

 

(ii)            A written representation that neither the Tendering Party nor any Related Party has any intention to acquire any additional REIT Shares prior to the closing of the Redemption on the Specified Redemption Date;

 

(iii)            An undertaking to certify, at and as a condition to the closing of the Redemption on the Specified Redemption Date, that either (a) the actual and constructive ownership of REIT Shares by the Tendering Party and any Related Party remain unchanged from that disclosed in the affidavit required by Section 8.5(c)(1) or (b) after giving effect to the Redemption, neither the Tendering Party nor any Related Party shall own REIT Shares in violation of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit (or, if applicable, the Excepted Holder Limit); and

 

(iv)            Any other documents as the General Partner may reasonably require.

 

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(d)            Any Cash Amount to be paid to a Tendering Party pursuant to this Section 8.5 shall be paid on the Specified Redemption Date; provided, however, that the General Partner may elect to cause the Specified Redemption Date to be delayed for up to an additional 180 days to the extent required for the Partnership or the General Partner to obtain financing to be used to make such payment of the Cash Amount, by causing additional REIT Shares to be issued or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the closing of the acquisition of Tendered Units hereunder to occur as quickly as reasonably possible.

 

(e)            Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the General Partner shall place appropriate restrictions on the ability of the Limited Partners to exercise their Redemption Rights to prevent, among other things, (a) any Person from owning shares in excess of the Common Share Ownership Limit, the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and the Excepted Holder Limit, (b) the beneficial ownership of the General Partner from being owned by less than 100 persons and the General Partner from being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, (c) as and if deemed necessary to ensure that the Partnership does not constitute a “publicly traded partnership” under Section 7704 of the Code, (d) the Partnership’s assets being considered “plan assets” with the meaning of ERISA or any regulations proposed or promulgated thereunder, (e) the violation of the Securities Act or other comparable state law, (f) the registration of the Partnership as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, (g) the registration of the Partnership, the General Partner or any Affiliate thereof (that is not already registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act) as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act, (h) the violation of any law, rule, regulation by such Limited Partner, the Partnership, the General Partner and their respective officers, directors, employers, shareholders, partners, members or any Affiliate thereof, and (i) a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA. If and when the General Partner determines that imposing such restrictions is necessary, the General Partner shall give prompt written notice thereof to each of the Limited Partners holding Partnership Units, which notice shall be accompanied by a copy of an opinion of counsel to the Partnership which states that, in the opinion of such counsel, restrictions are necessary in order to avoid the foregoing, as applicable.

 

(f)            A fee may be charged (other than to the Adviser, Special Limited Partner or their Affiliates) with respect to a Redemption in connection with an exercise of Redemption Rights pursuant to this Section 8.5.

 

8.6.            Required Redemption of Limited Partners.

 

The General Partner, in its sole discretion, may require a Limited Partner to surrender all or any portion of its Partnership Units and withdraw from the Partnership to the extent such redemption is in the best interest of the Partnership, as determined by the General Partner in good faith at any time for any reason or no reason with or without prior notice to such Limited Partner. A notice of mandatory redemption pursuant to this Section 8.6 shall have the same effect as a request for redemption by a Limited Partner given pursuant to Section 8.5; provided, that the mandatory redemption of all or any portion of such Limited Partner’s Partnership Units shall be effective on the date determined by the General Partner and indicated in such notice.

 

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8.7.            Expenses Not Attributable to Class E Units .

 

(a)            Distribution Fees, Advisory Fees, upfront selling commissions, upfront dealer manager fees and the Performance Allocation shall be Class-specific expenses allocable to and borne by Classes of Partnership Units other than Class E Units.

 

ARTICLE 9

 

TRANSFERS OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS

 

9.1.            Purchase for Investment.

 

(a)            Each Limited Partner hereby represents and warrants to the General Partner and to the Partnership that the acquisition of his Partnership Interest is made as a principal for his account for investment purposes only and not with a view to the resale or distribution of such Partnership Interest.

 

(b)            Each Limited Partner agrees that he will not sell, assign or otherwise Transfer his Partnership Interest or any fraction thereof, whether voluntarily or by operation of law or at judicial sale or otherwise, to any Person who does not make the representations and warranties to the General Partner set forth in Section 9.1(a) above and similarly agree not to sell, assign or Transfer such Partnership Interest or fraction thereof to any Person who does not similarly represent, warrant and agree.

 

9.2.            Restrictions on Transfer of Limited Partnership Interests.

 

(a)            Subject to the provisions of Section 9.2(b) and (c), no Limited Partner may offer, sell, assign, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise transfer all or any portion of its Limited Partnership Interest, or any of such Limited Partner’s economic rights as a Limited Partner, whether voluntarily or by operation of law or at judicial sale or otherwise (collectively, a “Transfer”) without the consent of the General Partner, which consent may be granted or withheld in its sole and absolute discretion; provided, that the Special Limited Partner may Transfer all or any portion of its Limited Partnership Interest, or any of its economic rights as a Limited Partner, to any of its Affiliates without the consent of the General Partner. Any such purported Transfer undertaken without such consent shall be considered to be null and void ab initio and shall not be given effect. The General Partner may require, as a condition of any Transfer to which it consents, that the transferor assume all costs incurred by the Partnership in connection therewith.

 

(b)            No Limited Partner may withdraw from the Partnership other than as a result of a permitted Transfer (i.e., a Transfer consented to as contemplated by clause (a) above or clause (c) below or a Transfer pursuant to Section 9.5 below) of all of its Partnership Interest pursuant to this Article 9 or pursuant to a Redemption of all of its Partnership Units pursuant to Section 8.5. Upon the permitted Transfer or Redemption of all of a Limited Partner’s Partnership Interest, such Limited Partner shall cease to be a Limited Partner.

 

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(c)            Notwithstanding Section 9.2(a) and subject to Sections 9.2(d), (e) and (f) below, (i) a Limited Partner may Transfer, without the consent of the General Partner, all or a portion of its Partnership Interest to (A) a parent or parent’s spouse, natural or adopted descendant or descendants, spouse of such descendant, or brother or sister, or a trust created by such Limited Partner for the benefit of such Limited Partner and/or any such Person(s), of which trust such Limited Partner or any such Person(s) is a trustee, (B) a corporation controlled by a Person or Persons named in (A) above or (C) if the Limited Partner is an entity, its beneficial owners through a distribution in kind or otherwise.

 

(d)            No Limited Partner may effect a Transfer of its Limited Partnership Interest, in whole or in part, without the consent of the General Partner, which may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion, if, in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, such proposed Transfer would require the registration of the Limited Partnership Interest under the Securities Act, the registration of the Partnership as an investment company under, or would be in violation of, the Investment Company Act or any rules or regulations promulgated thereunder, the registration of the General Partner or any Affiliate thereof (that is not currently registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act, or would otherwise violate any applicable federal or state securities or blue sky laws (including investment suitability standards).

 

(e)            No Transfer by a Limited Partner of its Partnership Interest, in whole or in part, may be made to any Person without the consent of the General Partner, which may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion, if (i) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, the Transfer would result in the Partnership’s being treated as an association taxable as a corporation (other than a qualified REIT subsidiary within the meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code and the General Partner determines such treatment would be in the best interest of the Partnership), (ii) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, it would adversely affect the ability of the General Partner to continue to qualify as a REIT or subject the General Partner to any additional taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code, (iii) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, the Transfer would cause the Partnership not to qualify for the safe harbor described in Regulations Section 1.7704-1(h), (iv) the Transfer would result in the Partnership at any time during its taxable year having more than 100 partners, within the meaning of Section 1.7704-1(h)(1)(ii) of the Regulations (taking into account Section 1.7704-1(h)(3) of the Regulations), or (v) such Transfer is effectuated through an “established securities market” or a “secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code.

 

(f)            No Transfer by a Limited Partner of any Partnership Interest may be made to a lender to the Partnership or any Person who is related (within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.752-4(b)) to any lender to the Partnership whose loan constitutes a nonrecourse liability (within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2)), without the consent of the General Partner, which may be withheld in its sole and absolute discretion, provided that as a condition to such consent the lender may be required to enter into an arrangement with the Partnership and the General Partner to exchange or redeem for the Cash Amount any Partnership Units in which a security interest is held simultaneously with the time at which such lender would be deemed to be a Partner in the Partnership for purposes of allocating liabilities to such lender under Section 752 of the Code.

 

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(g)            Any Transfer in contravention of any of the provisions of this Article 9 shall be void and ineffectual and shall not be binding upon, or recognized by, the Partnership.

 

(h)            Prior to the consummation of any Transfer under this Article 9, the transferor and/or the transferee shall deliver to the General Partner such opinions, certificates and other documents as the General Partner shall request in connection with such Transfer.

 

9.3.            Admission of Substitute Limited Partner.

 

(a)            Subject to the other provisions of this Article 9, an assignee of the Limited Partnership Interest of a Limited Partner (which shall be understood to include any purchaser, transferee, donee or other recipient of any disposition of such Limited Partnership Interest) shall be deemed admitted as a Limited Partner of the Partnership only with the consent of the General Partner and upon the satisfactory completion of the following:

 

(i)            The assignee shall have accepted and agreed to be bound by the terms and provisions of this Agreement by executing a counterpart or an amendment thereof and such other documents or instruments as the General Partner may require in order to effect the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner.

 

(ii)            To the extent required, an amended Certificate evidencing the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner shall have been signed, acknowledged and filed for record in accordance with the Act.

 

(iii)            The assignee shall have delivered a letter containing the representation set forth in Section 9.1(a) hereof and the agreement set forth in Section 9.1(b) hereof.

 

(iv)            If the assignee is a corporation, partnership or trust, the assignee shall have provided the General Partner with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of the assignee’s authority to become a Limited Partner under the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

 

(v)            The assignee shall have executed a power of attorney containing the terms and provisions set forth in Section 8.2 hereof.

 

(vi)            The assignee shall have paid all legal fees and other expenses of the Partnership and the General Partner and filing and publication costs in connection with its substitution as a Limited Partner.

 

(vii)            The assignee has obtained the prior written consent of the General Partner to its admission as a Substitute Limited Partner, which consent may be given or denied in the exercise of the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion.

 

(b)            For the purpose of allocating Profits and Losses and distributing cash received by the Partnership, a Substitute Limited Partner shall be treated as having become, and appearing in the records of the Partnership as, a Partner upon the filing of the Certificate described in Section 9.3(a)(ii) hereof or, if no such filing is required, the later of the date specified in the transfer documents or the date on which the General Partner has received all necessary instruments of transfer and substitution.

 

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(c)            The General Partner shall cooperate with the Person seeking to become a Substitute Limited Partner by preparing the documentation required by this Section and making all official filings and publications. The Partnership shall take all such action as promptly as practicable after the satisfaction of the conditions in this Article 9 to the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner of the Partnership.

 

9.4.            Rights of Assignees of Partnership Interests.

 

(a)            Subject to the provisions of Sections 9.1 and 9.2 hereof, except as required by operation of law, the Partnership shall not be obligated for any purposes whatsoever to recognize the assignment by any Limited Partner of its Partnership Interest until the Partnership has received notice thereof.

 

(b)            Any Person who is the assignee of all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s Limited Partnership Interest, but does not become a Substitute Limited Partner and desires to make a further assignment of such Limited Partnership Interest, shall be subject to all the provisions of this Article 9 to the same extent and in the same manner as any Limited Partner desiring to make an assignment of its Limited Partnership Interest.

 

9.5.            Effect of Bankruptcy, Death, Incompetence or Termination of a Limited Partner. The occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to a Limited Partner, the death of a Limited Partner or a final adjudication that a Limited Partner is incompetent (which term shall include, but not be limited to, insanity) shall not cause the termination or dissolution of the Partnership, and the business of the Partnership shall continue if an order for relief in a bankruptcy proceeding is entered against a Limited Partner, the trustee or receiver of his estate or, if he dies, his executor, administrator or trustee, or, if he is finally adjudicated incompetent, his committee, guardian or conservator, shall have the rights of such Limited Partner for the purpose of settling or managing his estate property and such power as the bankrupt, deceased or incompetent Limited Partner possessed to assign all or any part of his Partnership Interest and to join with the assignee in satisfying conditions precedent to the admission of the assignee as a Substitute Limited Partner.

 

9.6.            Joint Ownership of Interests. A Partnership Interest may be acquired by two individuals as joint tenants with right of survivorship, provided, that such individuals either are married or are related and share the same home as tenants in common. The written consent or vote of both owners of any such jointly held Partnership Interest shall be required to constitute the action of the owners of such Partnership Interest; provided, however, that the written consent of only one joint owner will be required if the Partnership has been provided with evidence satisfactory to the counsel for the Partnership that the actions of a single joint owner can bind both owners under the applicable laws of the state of residence of such joint owners. Upon the death of one owner of a Partnership Interest held in a joint tenancy with a right of survivorship, the Partnership Interest shall become owned solely by the survivor as a Limited Partner and not as an assignee. The Partnership need not recognize the death of one of the owners of a jointly-held Partnership Interest until it shall have received notice of such death. Upon notice to the General Partner from either owner, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership Interest to be divided into two equal Partnership Interests, which shall thereafter be owned separately by each of the former owners.

 

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ARTICLE 10

 

BOOKS AND RECORDS; ACCOUNTING; TAX MATTERS

 

10.1.            Books and Records. At all times during the continuance of the Partnership, the Partners shall keep or cause to be kept at the Partnership’s specified office true and complete books of account in accordance with GAAP, including: (a) a current list of the full name and last known business address of each Partner, (b) a copy of the Certificate of Limited Partnership and all Certificates of amendment thereto, (c) copies of the Partnership’s federal, state and local income tax returns and reports, (d) copies of this Agreement and amendments thereto and any financial statements of the Partnership for the three most recent years and (e) all documents and information required under the Act. Any Partner or its duly authorized representative, upon paying the costs of collection, duplication and mailing, shall be entitled to inspect or copy such records during ordinary business hours.

 

10.2.            Custody of Partnership Funds; Bank Accounts.

 

(a)            All funds of the Partnership not otherwise invested shall be deposited in one or more accounts maintained in such banking or brokerage institutions as the General Partner shall determine, and withdrawals shall be made only on such signature or signatures as the General Partner may, from time to time, determine.

 

(b)            All deposits and other funds not needed in the operation of the business of the Partnership may be invested in any manner determined by the General Partner in its sole discretion. The funds of the Partnership shall not be commingled with the funds of any other Person except for such commingling as may necessarily result from an investment permitted by this Section 10.2(b).

 

10.3.            Fiscal and Taxable Year. The fiscal and taxable year of the Partnership shall be the calendar year.

 

10.4.            Annual Tax Information and Report. Within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Partnership (subject to reasonable delays in the event of the late receipt of any necessary financial statements of the Person in which the Partnership holds a Property), the General Partner shall furnish to each person who was a Limited Partner at any time during such year the tax information necessary to file such Limited Partner’s individual tax returns as required by law.

 

10.5.            Partnership Representation; Tax Elections; Special Basis Adjustments.

 

(a)            The General Partner shall act as or appoint the “partnership representative” within the meaning of Section 6223(a) of the Code (as amended by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015) and, in each case, any similar provisions under any state, local or foreign tax law (the “Partnership Representative”). The Partnership Representative shall have the right and obligation to take all actions authorized and required, respectively, by the Code for the Partnership Representative. The Partnership Representative shall have the right to retain professional assistance in respect of any audit of the Partnership by the Service and all out-of-pocket expenses and fees incurred by the Partnership Representative on behalf of the Partnership as Partnership Representative shall constitute Partnership expenses and the Partnership Representative shall be indemnified and reimbursed for such expenses incurred with the foregoing.

 

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(b)            All elections required or permitted to be made by the Partnership under the Code or any applicable state, local or foreign tax law shall be made by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion.

 

(c)            In the event of a Transfer of all or any part of the Partnership Interest of any Partner, the Partnership, at the option of the General Partner, may elect pursuant to Section 754 of the Code to adjust the basis of the Partnership’s assets. Notwithstanding anything contained in Article 5, any adjustments made pursuant to Section 754 of the Code shall affect only the successor in interest to the transferring Partner and in no event shall be taken into account in establishing, maintaining or computing Capital Accounts for the other Partners for any purpose under this Agreement, unless otherwise determined by the General Partner. Each Partner will furnish the Partnership with all information necessary to give effect to such election.

 

10.6.            Reports to Limited Partners. As soon as practicable after the close of each fiscal year, but in no event later than the date on which the General Partner mails its annual report to holders of the REIT Shares, the General Partner shall cause to be mailed to each Limited Partner an annual report containing financial statements of the Partnership, or of the General Partner if such statements are prepared solely on a consolidated basis with the General Partner, for such fiscal year, presented in accordance with GAAP. The annual financial statements shall be audited by accountants selected by the General Partner.

 

ARTICLE 11

 

AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT; MERGER

 

11.1.            Partner Consent Requirements. The General Partner’s consent shall be required for any amendment to this Agreement. The General Partner, without the consent of the Limited Partners, may amend this Agreement in any respect or merge or consolidate the Partnership with or into any other partnership or business entity (as defined in Section 17-211 of the Act) in a transaction pursuant to Section 7.1(b), (c) or (d) hereof; provided, however, that the following amendments and any other merger or consolidation of the Partnership shall require the consent of Limited Partners holding more than 50% of the Percentage Interests of the Limited Partners:

 

(a)            any amendment affecting the operation of the Redemption Right (except as provided in Section 8.5(d), 7.1(b) or 7.1(c)) in a manner adverse to the Limited Partners;

 

(b)            any amendment that would adversely affect the rights of the Limited Partners to receive the distributions payable to them hereunder, other than with respect to the issuance of additional Partnership Units pursuant to Section 4.3;

 

(c)            any amendment that would alter the Partnership’s allocations of Profit and Loss to the Limited Partners, other than with respect to the issuance of additional Partnership Units pursuant to Section 4.3; or

 

(d)            any amendment that would impose on the Limited Partners any obligation to make additional Capital Contributions to the Partnership.

 

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11.2.            Amendments; No Limited Partner Consent Required. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner, without the consent of any Limited Partner, may amend this Agreement for any of the following purposes:

 

(1)            to add to the obligations of the General Partner or surrender any right or power granted to the General Partner or any Affiliate of the General Partner for the benefit of the Limited Partners;

 

(2)            to reflect issuance of additional Partnership Units in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the admission, substitution, termination or withdrawal of Partners, the Transfer of any Partnership Interest in accordance with this Agreement, and to amend the Partnership Register in connection with such admission, substitution, withdrawal, Transfer or adjustment;

 

(3)            to reflect a change that is of an inconsequential nature or does not adversely affect the Limited Partners in any material economic respect, or to cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provision in this Agreement not inconsistent with law or with other provisions, or make other changes with respect to matters arising under this Agreement that will not be inconsistent with law or with the provisions of this Agreement;

 

(4)            to set forth or amend the designations, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Holders of any additional Partnership Interests issued pursuant to Article 4, including, without limitation, amending Articles 5 and 8 hereof, to appropriately reflect the distributions, allocations, partnership rights and rights upon liquidation (including any preference, priority or subordination thereof) of the additional Partnership Interests so issued in accordance with the terms thereof;

 

(5)            to satisfy any requirements, conditions or guidelines contained in any order, directive, opinion, ruling or regulation of a federal or state agency or contained in federal or state law;

 

(6)            (a) to reflect such changes as are reasonably necessary for the General Partner to maintain its status as a REIT, (b) to reflect the Transfer of all or any part of a Partnership Interest between the General Partner and any Person controlled by the General Partner or (c) to ensure that the Partnership is not classified as a “publicly traded partnership” under Code Section 7704;

 

(7)            to modify either or both of the manner in which items of Profit or Loss are allocated pursuant to Article 5 or the manner in which Capital Accounts are adjusted, computed or maintained (but in each case only to the extent otherwise provided in this Agreement and as may be permitted under applicable law);

 

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(8)            to reflect the issuance of additional Partnership Interests in accordance with Article 4;

 

(9)            to reflect any modification to this Agreement as is necessary or desirable (as determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion) in connection with any merger or consolidation of the Partnership with and into the General Partner or any wholly-owned subsidiary of the General Partner, or any Transfer by the General Partner of its interest in the Partnership to any wholly-owned subsidiary of the General Partner;

 

(10)            to reflect any other modification to this Agreement as is reasonably necessary for the business or operations of the Partnership or the General Partner;

 

(11)            to effect or facilitate a Transaction that, in accordance with Section 7.1(b) and/or 7.1(c), does not require the consent of any Limited Partner and, if the Partnership is the Survivor in any Transaction, to modify Section 8.5 or any related definitions to provide that the holders of interests in such Survivor have rights that are consistent with Section 7.1; and

 

(12)            to reflect modifications as is necessary or desirable to (i) cause the number of Partnership Units issued and outstanding of each Class to equal the number of REIT Shares having the same Class designation as such Class of Partnership Units, (ii) include a provision whereby the distributions made on each Partnership Unit of a given Class shall be the same as distributions made on each REIT Share of the same Class, (iii) include a provision to ensure that the Net Asset Value Per Partnership Unit of a given Class will at all times be equal or substantially equal to the Net Asset Value Per REIT Share of the same Class and (iv) include a provision whereby the General Partner will be issued a Partnership Unit of a particular Class each time it issues a REIT Share of the same Class and contributes (or is deemed to have contributed) the gross proceeds from the issuance of such REIT Share to the Partnership.

 

ARTICLE 12

 

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

12.1.            Notices. All communications required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given when delivered personally or upon deposit in the United States mail, registered, postage prepaid return receipt requested, to the Partners at the addresses set forth on the Partnership’s books and records; provided, however, that any Partner may specify a different address by notifying the General Partner in writing of such different address. Notices to the Partnership shall be delivered at or mailed to its specified office.

 

12.2.            Survival of Rights. Subject to the provisions hereof limiting Transfers, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Partners and the Partnership and their respective legal representatives, successors, transferees and assigns.

 

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12.3.            Additional Documents. Each Partner agrees to perform all further acts and execute, swear to, acknowledge and deliver all further documents which may be reasonable, necessary, appropriate or desirable to carry out the provisions of this Agreement or the Act.

 

12.4.            Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be declared illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, then such provision shall be deemed to be severable from this Agreement (to the extent permitted by law) and in any event such illegality, invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the remainder hereof.

 

12.5.            Side Letters. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, it is hereby acknowledged and agreed that the General Partner, on its own behalf or on behalf of the Partnership, and without the approval of any Limited Partner or any other Person, may enter into a side letter or similar agreement (collectively, “Side Letters”) with one or more Limited Partners which has the effect of establishing rights under, or altering or supplementing the terms hereof. As a result of such Side Letters, certain Limited Partners may receive additional benefits, which may be more favorable than those offered to any other Partners. The parties hereto agree that any terms contained in a Side Letter with one or more such Persons shall govern with respect to such Persons notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein. Except as required by applicable law, the General Partner will not be required to notify all Limited Partners of any such Side Letters or any of the rights or terms or provisions thereof, and will not be required to offer such additional or different rights or terms to all Limited Partners.

 

12.6.            Entire Agreement. This Agreement, the exhibits attached hereto and any Side Letters constitute the entire Agreement of the Partners and supersede all prior written agreements and prior and contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

12.7.            Pronouns and Plurals. When the context in which words are used in the Agreement indicates that such is the intent, words in the singular number shall include the plural and the masculine gender shall include the neuter or female gender as the context may require.

 

12.8.            Headings. The Article headings or sections in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not be used in construing the scope of this Agreement or any particular Article.

 

12.9.            Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original copy and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument binding on all parties hereto, notwithstanding that all parties shall not have signed the same counterpart. For the avoidance of doubt, a Person’s execution and delivery of this Agreement by electronic signature and electronic transmission (collectively, an “Electronic Signature”), including via Docusign or other similar method, shall constitute the execution and delivery of a counterpart of this Agreement by or on behalf of such Person and shall bind such Person to the terms of this Agreement. The Partners hereto agree that this Agreement and any additional information incidental hereto may be maintained as electronic records. Any Person executing and delivering this Agreement by Electronic Signature further agrees to take any and all reasonable additional actions, if any, evidencing its intent to be bound by the terms of this Agreement, as may be reasonably requested by the General Partner.

 

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12.10.            Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

12.11.            No Partition. No Partner nor any successor-in-interest to a Partner shall have the right while this Agreement remains in effect to have any property of the Partnership partitioned, or to file a complaint or institute any proceeding at law or in equity to have such Property of the Partnership partitioned, and each Partner, on behalf of itself and its successors and assigns hereby waives any such right. It is the intention of the Partners that the rights of the parties hereto and their successors-in-interest to Partnership Property, as among themselves, shall be governed by the terms of this Agreement and that the rights of the Partners and their respective successors-in-interest shall be subject to the limitations and restrictions as set forth in this Agreement.

 

12.12.            No Rights as Stockholders. Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring upon the holders of Partnership Units any rights whatsoever as stockholders of the General Partner, including without limitation any right to receive dividends or other distributions made to stockholders of the General Partner or to vote or to consent or receive notice as stockholders in respect of any meeting of stockholders of the General Partner for the election of directors of the General Partner or any other matter.

 

[Signature Page Follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have hereunder affixed their signatures to this Agreement of Limited Partnership, all as of the date first set forth above.

 

  GENERAL PARTNER:
   
  BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
   
  By:  
    Name:  
    Title:  
   
  SPECIAL LIMITED PARTNER:
   
  BGO REIT SPECIAL LIMITED PARTNER LP
   
  By: BGO REIT SPECIAL LIMITED PARTNER GP LLC, ITS GENERAL PARTNER
   
  By:  
    Name:  
    Title:
   
  LIMITED PARTNERS:
   
  BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
   
  By:  
    Name:    
    Title:  

 

 

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

NOTICE OF EXERCISE OF REDEMPTION RIGHT

 

In accordance with Section 8.5 of the Limited Partnership Agreement (the “Agreement”) of BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP (the “Partnership”), the undersigned hereby irrevocably (i) presents for redemption Partnership Units (as defined in the Agreement) in the Partnership in accordance with the terms of the Agreement and the Redemption Right (as defined in the Agreement) referred to in Section 8.5 thereof, (ii) surrenders such Partnership Units and all right, title and interest therein and (iii) directs that the Cash Amount or REIT Shares Amount (each, as defined in the Agreement) as determined by the General Partner deliverable upon exercise of the Redemption Right be delivered to the address specified below, and if REIT Shares (as defined in the Agreement) are to be delivered, such REIT Shares be registered or placed in the name(s) and at the address(es) specified below.

 

Dated:   ,   (Name of Limited Partner)
        (Signature of Limited Partner)
(Mailing Address)
(City) (State) (Zip Code)
Signature Guaranteed by:

 

If REIT Shares are to be issued, issue to:

 

Name:    

 

Social Security or

 

Tax I.D. Number:    

 

A- 1

 

EX-10.3 10 tm2226053d12_ex10-3.htm EXHIBIT 10.3

Exhibit 10.3

 

FORM OF INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

 

THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of the _____ day of _______________, 20__, by and between BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and ________________________ (“Indemnitee”).

 

WHEREAS, at the request of the Company, Indemnitee currently serves or will serve as a director or officer of the Company and may, therefore, be subjected to claims, suits or proceedings arising as a result of such service;

 

WHEREAS, as an inducement to Indemnitee to serve or continue to serve in such capacity, the Company has agreed to indemnify Indemnitee and to advance expenses and costs incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any such claims, suits or proceedings; and

 

WHEREAS, the parties by this Agreement desire to set forth their agreement regarding indemnification and advance of expenses;

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as follows:

 

Section 1.         Definitions. For purposes of this Agreement:

 

     (a)         “Applicable Legal Rate” means a fixed rate of interest equal to the applicable federal rate for mid-term debt instruments as of the day that it is determined that Indemnitee must repay any advanced expenses.

 

     (b)        “Change in Control” means a change in control of the Company occurring after the Effective Date of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or in response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirement; provided, however, that, without limitation, such a Change in Control shall be deemed to have occurred if, after the Effective Date, (i) any “person” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 15% or more of the combined voting power of all of the Company’s then-outstanding securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors without the prior approval of at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such person’s attaining such percentage interest; (ii) the Company is a party to a merger, consolidation, sale of assets, plan of liquidation or other reorganization not approved by at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors then in office, as a consequence of which members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such transaction or event constitute less than a majority of the Board of Directors thereafter; or (iii) at any time, a majority of the members of the Board of Directors are not individuals (A) who were directors as of the Effective Date or (B) whose election by the Board of Directors or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved or recommended (1) by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then in office who were directors as of the Effective Date or (2) by a committee of the Board of Directors consisting of at least two-thirds of the directors then in office who were directors as of the Effective Date or, in the case of clause (1) or (2), whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved or recommended.

 

 

 

 

     (c)         “Corporate Status” means the status of a person as a present or former director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company. As a clarification and without limiting the circumstances in which Indemnitee may be serving at the request of the Company, service by Indemnitee shall be deemed to be at the request of the Company: (i) if Indemnitee serves or served as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (A) of which a majority of the voting power or equity interest is or was owned directly or indirectly by the Company or (B) the management of which is controlled directly or indirectly by the Company and (ii) if, as a result of Indemnitee’s service to the Company or any of its affiliated entities, Indemnitee is subject to duties to, or required to perform services for, an employee benefit plan or its participants or beneficiaries, including as a deemed fiduciary thereof.

 

     (d)        “Disinterested Director” means a director of the Company who is not and was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification and/or advance of Expenses is sought by Indemnitee.

 

     (e)         “Effective Date” means the date set forth in the first paragraph of this Agreement.

 

     (f)         “Expenses” means any and all reasonable and out-of-pocket attorneys’ fees and costs, retainers, court costs, arbitration and mediation costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, federal, state, local or foreign taxes imposed on Indemnitee as a result of the actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Agreement, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and any other disbursements or expenses incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in or otherwise participating in a Proceeding. Expenses shall also include Expenses incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from any Proceeding including, without limitation, the premium for, security for and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersede as bond or other appeal bond or its equivalent.

 

     (g)        “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than with respect to matters concerning Indemnitee under this Agreement or of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to or participant or witness in the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification or advance of Expenses hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement.

 

2

 

 

     (h)        “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing, claim, demand or discovery request or any other actual, threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether of a civil (including intentional or unintentional tort claims), criminal, administrative or investigative (formal or informal) nature, including any appeal therefrom, except one pending or completed on or before the Effective Date, unless otherwise specifically agreed in writing by the Company and Indemnitee. If Indemnitee reasonably believes that a given situation may lead to or culminate in the institution of a Proceeding, such situation shall also be considered a Proceeding.

 

Section 2.         Services by Indemnitee. Indemnitee serves or will serve as a director or officer of the Company. However, this Agreement shall not impose any independent obligation on Indemnitee or the Company to continue Indemnitee’s service to the Company. This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company (or any other entity) and Indemnitee.

 

Section 3.         General. Subject to the limitations in Section 5, the Company shall indemnify, and advance Expenses to, Indemnitee (a) as provided in this Agreement and (b) as otherwise permitted by Maryland law in effect on the Effective Date and as amended from time to time; provided, however, that no change in Maryland law shall have the effect of reducing the benefits available to Indemnitee hereunder based on Maryland law as in effect on the Effective Date. Subject to the limitations in Section 5, the rights of Indemnitee provided in this Section 3 shall include, without limitation, the rights set forth in the other sections of this Agreement, including any additional indemnification permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), including, without limitation, Section 2-418 of the MGCL.

 

Section 4.         Standard for Indemnification. Subject to the limitations in Section 5, if, by reason of service in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection with any such Proceeding unless it is established by clear and convincing evidence that (a) the act or omission of Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal Proceeding, Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that Indemnitee’s conduct was unlawful.

 

Section 5.         Certain Limits on Indemnification. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement (other than Section 6), Indemnitee shall not be entitled to:

 

     (a)         indemnification for any loss or liability unless all of the following conditions are met: (i) Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Company; (ii) Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Company; (iii) such loss or liability was not the result of (A) gross negligence or willful misconduct in the case of an Indemnitee who is an independent director of the Company or (B) negligence or misconduct in the case of an Indemnitee who is not an independent director of the Company; and (iv) such indemnification is recoverable only out of the Company’s net assets and not from the Company’s stockholders;

 

3

 

 

     (b)       indemnification for any loss or liability arising from an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to Indemnitee; (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to Indemnitee; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities of the Company were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws;

 

     (c)        indemnification hereunder if the Proceeding was one by or in the right of the Company and Indemnitee is adjudged, in a final adjudication of the Proceeding not subject to further appeal, to be liable to the Company;

 

     (d)       indemnification hereunder if Indemnitee is adjudged, in a final adjudication of the Proceeding not subject to further appeal, to be liable on the basis that personal benefit in money, property or services was improperly received in any Proceeding charging improper personal benefit to Indemnitee, whether or not involving action in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status; or

 

     (e)       indemnification or advance of Expenses hereunder if the Proceeding was brought by Indemnitee, unless: (i) the Proceeding was brought to enforce indemnification under this Agreement, and then only to the extent in accordance with and as authorized by Section 12 of this Agreement, or (ii) the Company’s charter or Bylaws, a resolution of the stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or of the Board of Directors or an agreement approved by the Board of Directors to which the Company is a party expressly provide otherwise.

 

Section 6.       Court-Ordered Indemnification. Subject to the limitations in Section 5(a) and (b), a court of appropriate jurisdiction, upon application of Indemnitee and such notice as the court shall require, may order indemnification of Indemnitee by the Company in the following circumstances:

 

     (a)       if such court determines that Indemnitee is entitled to reimbursement under Section 2-418(d)(1) of the MGCL, the court shall order indemnification, in which case Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover the Expenses of securing such reimbursement; or

 

     (b)      if such court determines that Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all the relevant circumstances, whether or not Indemnitee (i) has met the standards of conduct set forth in Section 2-418(b) of the MGCL or (ii) has been adjudged liable for receipt of an improper personal benefit under Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL, the court may order such indemnification as the court shall deem proper. However, indemnification with respect to any Proceeding by or in the right of the Company or in which liability shall have been adjudged in the circumstances described in Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL shall be limited to Expenses.

 

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Section 7.         Indemnification for Expenses of an Indemnitee Who is Wholly or Partially Successful. Subject to the limitations in Section 5, to the extent that Indemnitee was or is, by reason of service in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, made a party to (or otherwise becomes a participant in) any Proceeding and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee for all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee under this Section 7 for all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection with each such claim, issue or matter, allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis. For purposes of this Section 7, and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.

 

Section 8.         Advance of Expenses for Indemnitee. If, by reason of service in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any Proceeding, the Company shall, without requiring a preliminary determination of Indemnitee’s ultimate entitlement to indemnification hereunder, advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with (a) such Proceeding which is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder of the Company or (b) such Proceeding which is initiated by a stockholder of the Company acting in his or her capacity as such and for which a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement, and which relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company. The Company shall make such advance or advances of incurred Expenses within ten days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting such advance from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding, which advance may be in the form of, in the reasonable discretion of Indemnitee (but without duplication), (a) payment of such Expenses directly to third parties on behalf of Indemnitee, (b) advance of funds to Indemnitee in an amount sufficient to pay such Expenses or (c) reimbursement to Indemnitee for Indemnitee’s payment of such Expenses. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by a written affirmation by Indemnitee and a written undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A or in such form as may be required under applicable law as in effect at the time of the execution thereof. To the extent that Expenses advanced to Indemnitee do not relate to a specific claim, issue or matter in the Proceeding, such Expenses shall be allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis. The undertaking required by this Section 8 shall be an unlimited general obligation by or on behalf of Indemnitee and shall be accepted without reference to Indemnitee’s financial ability to repay such advanced Expenses and without any requirement to post security therefor.

 

Section 9.         Indemnification and Advance of Expenses as a Witness or Other Participant. Subject to the limitations in Section 5, to the extent that Indemnitee is or may be, by reason of service in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, made a witness or otherwise asked to participate in any Proceeding, whether instituted by the Company or any other person, and to which Indemnitee is not a party, Indemnitee shall be advanced and indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection therewith within ten days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting any such advance or indemnification from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee. In connection with any such advance of Expenses, the Company may require Indemnitee to provide an affirmation and undertaking substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A or in such form as may be required under applicable law as in effect at the time of execution thereof.

 

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Section 10.       Procedure for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification.

 

     (a)        To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a written request, including therein or therewith such documentation and information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary or appropriate to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification. Indemnitee may submit one or more such requests from time to time and at such time(s) as Indemnitee deems appropriate in Indemnitee’s sole discretion. The officer of the Company receiving any such request from Indemnitee shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board of Directors in writing that Indemnitee has requested indemnification.

 

     (b)        Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a) above, a determination, if required by applicable law, with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement thereto shall promptly be made in the specific case: (i) if a Change in Control has occurred, by Independent Counsel, in a written opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee, which Independent Counsel shall be selected by Indemnitee and approved by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2-418(e)(2)(ii) of the MGCL, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld; or (ii) if a Change in Control has not occurred, (A) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of the Disinterested Directors or by a majority vote of a committee of the Board of Directors consisting of one or more Disinterested Directors designated to act in the matter by a majority vote of the Disinterested Directors, (B) if Independent Counsel has been selected by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2-418(e)(2)(ii) of the MGCL and approved by Indemnitee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, by Independent Counsel, in a written opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee or (C) if so directed by the Board of Directors, by the stockholders of the Company, other than directors or officers who are parties to the Proceeding. If it is so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall make payment to Indemnitee within ten days after such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary or appropriate to such determination in the discretion of the Board of Directors or Independent Counsel if retained pursuant to clause (ii)(B) of this Section 10(b). Any Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the person, persons or entity making such determination shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification) and the Company shall indemnify and hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.

 

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     (c)        The Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel, if one is appointed.

 

Section 11.       Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings.

 

     (a)         In making any determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification hereunder, the person or persons (including any court having jurisdiction over the matter) making such determination shall presume that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement if Indemnitee has submitted a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 10(a) of this Agreement, and the Company shall have the burden of overcoming that presumption in connection with the making of any determination contrary to that presumption.

 

     (b)        The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, does not create a presumption that Indemnitee did not meet the requisite standard of conduct described herein for indemnification.

 

     (c)        The knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any other director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any other director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining any other right to indemnification under this Agreement.

 

Section 12.       Remedies of Indemnitee.

 

     (a)        If (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advance of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 8 or 9 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement within 60 days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification, (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to Section 7 or 9 of this Agreement within ten days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor, or (v) payment of indemnification pursuant to any other section of this Agreement or the charter or Bylaws of the Company is not made within ten days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court located in the State of Maryland, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, or in an arbitration conducted by a single arbitrator pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association, of Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification or advance of Expenses. Indemnitee shall commence a proceeding seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 12(a); provided, however, that the foregoing clause shall not apply to a proceeding brought by Indemnitee to enforce Indemnitee’s rights under Section 7 of this Agreement. Except as set forth herein, the provisions of Maryland law (without regard to its conflicts of laws rules) shall apply to any such arbitration. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee’s right to seek any such adjudication or award in arbitration.

 

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     (b)        In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12, Indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses, as the case may be, under this Agreement and the Company shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses, as the case may be. If Indemnitee commences a judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to this Section 12, Indemnitee shall not be required to reimburse the Company for any advances pursuant to Section 8 of this Agreement until a final determination is made with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification (as to which all rights of appeal have been exhausted or lapsed). The Company shall, to the fullest extent not prohibited by law, be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12 that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court or before any such arbitrator that the Company is bound by all of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

     (c)        If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12, absent a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification that was not disclosed in connection with the determination.

 

     (d)        In the event that Indemnitee is successful in seeking, pursuant to this Section 12, a judicial adjudication of or an award in arbitration to enforce Indemnitee’s rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Company, and shall be indemnified by the Company for, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in such judicial adjudication or arbitration. If it shall be determined in such judicial adjudication or arbitration that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advance of Expenses sought, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.

 

     (e)        Interest shall be paid by the Company to Indemnitee at the maximum rate allowed to be charged for judgments under the Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland for amounts which the Company pays or is obligated to pay for the period (i) commencing with either the tenth day after the date on which the Company was requested to advance Expenses in accordance with Section 8 or 9 of this Agreement or the 60th day after the date on which the Company was requested to make the determination of entitlement to indemnification under Section 10(b) of this Agreement, as applicable, and (ii) ending on the date such payment is made to Indemnitee by the Company.

 

Section 13.       Defense of the Underlying Proceeding.

 

     (a)        Indemnitee shall notify the Company promptly in writing upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, request or other document relating to any Proceeding which may result in the right to indemnification or the advance of Expenses hereunder and shall include with such notice a description of the nature of the Proceeding and a summary of the facts underlying the Proceeding. The failure to give any such notice shall not disqualify Indemnitee from the right, or otherwise affect in any manner any right of Indemnitee, to indemnification or the advance of Expenses under this Agreement unless the Company’s ability to defend in such Proceeding or to obtain proceeds under any insurance policy is materially and adversely prejudiced thereby, and then only to the extent the Company is thereby actually so prejudiced.

 

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     (b)        Subject to the provisions of the last sentence of this Section 13(b) and of Section 13(c) below, the Company shall have the right to defend Indemnitee in any Proceeding which may give rise to indemnification hereunder; provided, however, that the Company shall notify Indemnitee of any such decision to defend within 15 days following receipt of notice of any such Proceeding under Section 13(a) above. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Indemnitee, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, consent to the entry of any judgment against Indemnitee or enter into any settlement or compromise with respect to Indemnitee which (i) includes an admission of fault of Indemnitee, (ii) does not include, as an unconditional term thereof, the full release of Indemnitee from all liability in respect of such Proceeding, which release shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee, or (iii) would impose any Expense, judgment, fine, penalty or limitation on Indemnitee. This Section 13(b) shall not apply to a Proceeding brought by Indemnitee under Section 12 of this Agreement.

 

     (c)        Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13(b) above, if in a Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party by reason of service in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, (i) Indemnitee reasonably concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, that Indemnitee may have separate defenses or counterclaims to assert with respect to any issue which may not be consistent with other defendants in such Proceeding, (ii) Indemnitee reasonably concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, that an actual or apparent conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest exists between Indemnitee and the Company, or (iii) if the Company fails to assume the defense of such Proceeding in a timely manner, Indemnitee shall be entitled to be represented by separate legal counsel of Indemnitee’s choice, subject to the prior approval of the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, at the expense of the Company. In addition, if the Company fails to comply with any of its obligations under this Agreement or in the event that the Company or any other person takes any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any Proceeding to deny or to recover from Indemnitee the benefits intended to be provided to Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall have the right to retain counsel of Indemnitee’s choice, subject to the prior approval of the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, at the expense of the Company (subject to Section 12(d) of this Agreement), to represent Indemnitee in connection with any such matter.

 

Section 14.       Non-Exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Subrogation.

 

     (a)        The rights of indemnification and advance of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the charter or Bylaws of the Company, any agreement or a resolution of the stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or of the Board of Directors, or otherwise. Unless consented to in writing by Indemnitee, no amendment, alteration or repeal of the charter or Bylaws of the Company, this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal, regardless of whether a claim with respect to such action or inaction is raised prior or subsequent to such amendment, alteration or repeal. No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right or remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right or remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prohibit the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy.

 

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     (b)        In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.

 

Section 15.       Insurance.

 

     (a)        The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to acquire directors and officers liability insurance, on terms and conditions deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors, with the advice of counsel, covering Indemnitee or any claim made against Indemnitee by reason of service in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status and covering the Company for any indemnification or advance of Expenses made by the Company to Indemnitee for any claims made against Indemnitee by reason of service in Indemnitee’s Corporate Status. In the event of a Change in Control, the Company shall maintain in force any and all directors and officers liability insurance policies that were maintained by the Company immediately prior to the Change in Control for a period of six years with the insurance carrier or carriers and through the insurance broker in place at the time of the Change in Control; provided, however, (i) if the carriers will not offer the same policy and an expiring policy needs to be replaced, a policy substantially comparable in scope and amount shall be obtained and (ii) if any replacement insurance carrier is necessary to obtain a policy substantially comparable in scope and amount, such insurance carrier shall have an AM Best rating that is the same or better than the AM Best rating of the existing insurance carrier; provided, further, however, in no event shall the Company be required to expend in the aggregate in excess of 300% of the annual premium or premiums paid by the Company for directors and officers liability insurance in effect on the date of the Change in Control. In the event that 300% of the annual premium paid by the Company for such existing directors and officers liability insurance is insufficient for such coverage, the Company shall spend up to that amount to purchase such lesser coverage as may be obtained with such amount.

 

     (b)        Without in any way limiting any other obligation under this Agreement, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee for any payment by Indemnitee which would otherwise be indemnifiable hereunder arising out of the amount of any deductible or retention and the amount of any excess of the aggregate of all judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with a Proceeding over the coverage of any insurance referred to in Section 15(a). The purchase, establishment and maintenance of any such insurance shall not in any way limit or affect the rights or obligations of the Company or Indemnitee under this Agreement except as expressly provided herein, and the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and Indemnitee shall not in any way limit or affect the rights or obligations of the Company under any such insurance policies. If, at the time the Company receives notice from any source of a Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party or a participant (as a witness or otherwise), the Company has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of such Proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies.

 

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     (c)        Indemnitee shall cooperate with the Company or any insurance carrier of the Company with respect to any Proceeding.

 

Section 16.       Coordination of Payments. The Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable or payable or reimbursable as Expenses hereunder if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.

 

Section 17.       Contribution. If the indemnification provided in this Agreement is unavailable in whole or in part and may not be paid to Indemnitee for any reason, other than for failure to satisfy the standard of conduct set forth in Section 4 or due to the provisions of Section 5, then, with respect to any Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or would be if joined in such Proceeding), to the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, the Company, in lieu of indemnifying and holding harmless Indemnitee, shall pay, in the first instance, the entire amount incurred by Indemnitee, whether for Expenses, judgments, penalties, and/or amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, in connection with any Proceeding without requiring Indemnitee to contribute to such payment, and the Company hereby waives and relinquishes any right of contribution it may have at any time against Indemnitee.

 

Section 18.       Reports to Stockholders. To the extent required by the MGCL, the Company shall report in writing to its stockholders the payment of any amounts for indemnification of, or advance of Expenses to, Indemnitee under this Agreement arising out of a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company with the notice of the meeting of stockholders of the Company next following the date of the payment of any such indemnification or advance of Expenses or prior to such meeting.

 

Section 19.       Duration of Agreement; Binding Effect.

 

     (a)        This Agreement shall continue until and terminate on the later of (i) the date that Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company and (ii) the date that Indemnitee is no longer subject to any actual or possible Proceeding (including any rights of appeal thereto and any Proceeding commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 12 of this Agreement).

 

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     (b)        The indemnification and advance of Expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Agreement shall be binding upon and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company), shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company, and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and Indemnitee’s spouse, assigns, heirs, devisees, executors and administrators and other legal representatives.

 

    (c)         The Company shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially all or a substantial part, of the business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.

 

     (d)        The Company and Indemnitee agree that a monetary remedy for breach of this Agreement, at some later date, may be inadequate, impracticable and difficult of proof, and further agree that such breach may cause Indemnitee irreparable harm. Accordingly, the parties hereto agree that Indemnitee may enforce this Agreement by seeking injunctive relief and/or specific performance hereof, without any necessity of showing actual damage or irreparable harm and that by seeking injunctive relief and/or specific performance, Indemnitee shall not be precluded from seeking or obtaining any other relief to which Indemnitee may be entitled. Indemnitee shall further be entitled to such specific performance and injunctive relief, including temporary restraining orders, preliminary injunctions and permanent injunctions, without the necessity of posting bonds or other undertakings in connection therewith. The Company acknowledges that, in the absence of a waiver, a bond or undertaking may be required of Indemnitee by a court, and the Company hereby waives any such requirement of such a bond or undertaking.

 

Section 20.       Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, void, illegal or otherwise unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any Section, paragraph or sentence of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, void, illegal or otherwise unenforceable that is not itself invalid, void, illegal or otherwise unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law; (b) such provision or provisions shall be deemed reformed to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the intent of the parties hereto; and (c) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any Section, paragraph or sentence of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, void, illegal or otherwise unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, void, illegal or otherwise unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.

 

Section 21.       Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts (delivery of which may be by facsimile or via e-mail as a portable document format (.pdf) or other electronic format), each of which will be deemed to be an original, and it will not be necessary in making proof of this Agreement or the terms of this Agreement to produce or account for more than one such counterpart. One such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is sought shall be sufficient to evidence the existence of this Agreement.

 

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Section 22.       Headings. The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.

 

Section 23.       Modification and Waiver. No supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor, unless otherwise expressly stated, shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

 

Section 24.       Notices. All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (i) delivered by hand and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed, on the day of such delivery, or (ii) mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed:

 

     (a)        If to Indemnitee, to the address set forth on the signature page hereto.

 

     (b)        If to the Company, to:

 

  BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
  399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor
  New York, NY 10022
  Attn: Secretary

 

or to such other address as may have been furnished in writing to Indemnitee by the Company or to the Company by Indemnitee, as the case may be.

 

Section 25.       Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to its conflicts of laws rules.

 

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written. 

   
  BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
 
  By:  
    Name:
    Title:
     
     
  INDEMNITEE
     
   
  Name:
  Address:

 

[Signature Page to Indemnification Agreement]

 

 

EXHIBIT A

 

AFFIRMATION AND UNDERTAKING TO REPAY EXPENSES ADVANCED

 

To: The Board of Directors of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.
   
Re: Affirmation and Undertaking Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

This Affirmation and Undertaking is being provided pursuant to that certain Indemnification Agreement, dated the _____ day of _______________, 20__, by and between BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and the undersigned Indemnitee (the “Indemnification Agreement”), pursuant to which I am entitled to advance of Expenses in connection with [Description of Proceeding] (the “Proceeding”).

 

Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings specified in the Indemnification Agreement.

 

I am subject to the Proceeding by reason of service in my Corporate Status. I hereby affirm my good faith belief that at all times, insofar as I was involved as a director or officer of the Company, in any of the facts or events giving rise to the Proceeding, I (1) did not act with bad faith or active or deliberate dishonesty, (2) did not receive any improper personal benefit in money, property or services, (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that any act or omission by me was unlawful, (4) was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Company, (5) acted in the best interests of the Company and (6) [did not act with gross negligence or engage in willful misconduct][did not act with negligence or engage in misconduct] [Use first bracketed alternative for independent directors and second bracketed alternative for all other indemnitees.].

 

In consideration of the advance by the Company for Expenses incurred by me in connection with the Proceeding (the “Advanced Expenses”), I hereby agree that if, in connection with the Proceeding, it is established that (1) an act or omission by me was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) I actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services, (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, I had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful, (4) an act or omission by me (a) was not in service of the Company, (b) was not in the best interests of the Company or (c) [constituted gross negligence or willful misconduct] [constituted negligence or misconduct] [Use first bracketed alternative for independent directors and second bracketed alternative for all other indemnitees.] or (5) in the case of any alleged federal or state securities law violation by me, (a) there was not a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations, (b) such claims were not dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction or (c) a court of competent jurisdiction, which had been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities of the Company were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws, did not approve a settlement of such claims and find that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made, then I shall promptly reimburse the portion of the Advanced Expenses, together with the Applicable Legal Rate of interest thereon, relating to the claims, issues or matters in the Proceeding as to which the foregoing findings have been established.

 

A-1 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have executed this Affirmation and Undertaking on this _____ day of _______________, 20____.

 

   
  Name:

 

A-2 

EX-10.4 11 tm2226053d12_ex10-4.htm EXHIBIT 10.4

Exhibit 10.4

 

FORM OF RESTRICTED STOCK AWARD AGREEMENT

 

THIS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), is made effective as of the [    ] day of [            ], 20[   ], (the “Date of Grant”), between BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and [                        ] (the “Participant”):

 

R E C I T A L S:

 

WHEREAS, the Board has determined that it would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to grant the restricted stock award provided for herein (the “Restricted Stock Award”) to the Participant pursuant to the terms set forth herein.

 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.              Definitions. The following definitions shall be applicable throughout this Agreement:

 

(a)            “Affiliate” means any Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company. The term “control” (including, with correlative meaning, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as applied to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting or other securities, by contract or otherwise.

 

(b)            “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

(c)            “Change in Control” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

(i)any Person or Group, other than a Permitted Holder, is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act) directly or indirectly of more than 50% of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Company (or any entity which controls the Company) within a 12-month period, including by way of merger, consolidation, tender or exchange offer, or otherwise;

 

(ii)a reorganization, recapitalization, merger or consolidation (a “Corporate Transaction”) involving the Company, unless securities representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the Company or the corporation resulting from such Corporate Transaction (or the parent of such corporation) are held subsequent to such transaction by the Person or Persons who were the “beneficial owners” of the outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the Company immediately prior to such Corporate Transaction, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership immediately prior to such Corporate Transaction;

 

 

 

 

(iii)the sale or disposition, directly or indirectly, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all, of the assets of the Company to any Person or Group other than the Permitted Holders; or

 

(iv)during any period of 12 months, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board (together with any new directors whose election by such Board or whose nomination for election by the stockholders of the Company was approved by a vote of a majority of the directors of the Company, then still in office, who were either directors at the beginning of such period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board, then in office.

 

(d)            “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any successor thereto.

 

(e)            “Disability” shall have the meaning of such term as set forth in Section 409A of the Code. The Disability determination shall be in the sole discretion of the Board.

 

(f)             “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any successor thereto.

 

(g)            “Group” shall mean “group,” as such term is used for purposes of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

(h)           “Permitted Holder” means any of the following: (i) the Company or any of its Affiliates, (ii) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities or (iv) a corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Company.

 

(i)             “Person” means any individual, entity or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act).

 

2.              Grant of the Restricted Shares. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company hereby grants to the Participant a Restricted Stock Award consisting of [                      ] shares of Class E common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Class E Shares”), of the Company, subject to the forfeiture and transfer restrictions set forth herein (hereinafter called the “Restricted Shares”). The Restricted Shares shall vest and become nonforfeitable in accordance with Section 3 hereof.

 

3.              Vesting

 

(a)            Subject to the Participant’s continued service on the Board (“Board Service”), the Restricted Shares shall vest and become non-forfeitable with respect to 100% of the Restricted Shares on the first anniversary of the Date of Grant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event the Participant’s Board Service ends due to the Participant’s death or Disability, then the Restricted Shares shall be deemed to fully vest on the date of such death or Disability, as applicable.

 

2

 

 

(b)           If the Participant’s Board Service with the Company ends for any reason other than the reasons set forth in Section 3(a) above, the Restricted Shares, to the extent not previously vested, shall be forfeited by the Participant without consideration.

 

(c)           Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, in the event of a Change in Control, the Restricted Shares shall, to the extent not then vested and not previously forfeited, immediately become fully vested.

 

4.             Book Entry Ownership. The Company shall recognize the Participant’s ownership of the Restricted Shares through uncertificated book entry. To the extent required by the Company, the Participant shall deliver to the Company a stock power, duly endorsed in blank, relating to the Restricted Shares that have not previously vested.

 

5.             Rights as a Stockholder. The Participant shall be the record owner of the Restricted Shares until or unless such Restricted Shares are forfeited pursuant to Section 3 hereof, and as record owner shall be entitled to all rights of a common stockholder of the Company, including, without limitation, voting and dividend rights with respect to the Restricted Shares; provided that the Restricted Shares that have not previously vested shall be subject to the limitations on transfer and encumbrance set forth in Section 9.

 

6.             Changes in Capital Structure and Similar Events. The following provisions shall apply to the Restricted Shares granted hereunder:

 

(a)            General. In the event of (i) any dividend (other than regular cash dividends) or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), of the Company, other securities or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company, issuance of warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company, or other similar corporate transaction or event that affects the shares of Common Stock (including, without limitation, a Change in Control); or (ii) unusual or nonrecurring events (including, without limitation, a Change in Control) affecting the Company, any Affiliate of the Company, or the financial statements of the Company or any Affiliate of the Company, or changes in applicable rules, rulings, regulations or other requirements of any governmental body or securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system, accounting principles or law, such that in either case an adjustment is determined by the Board in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate, then the Board shall make any such proportionate substitution or adjustment, if any, as it deems equitable, including without limitation, adjusting the terms of this Restricted Stock Award, including, without limitation, the number of Class E Shares or other securities of the Company (or number and kind of other securities or other property) subject to this Restricted Stock Award or to which this Restricted Stock Award relates; provided, that in the case of any “equity restructuring” (within the meaning of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 (or any successor pronouncement thereto)), the Board shall make an equitable or proportionate adjustment to this Restricted Stock Award to reflect such equity restructuring. Any adjustment under this Section 6 shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes.

 

(b)           Other Requirements. Prior to any payment or adjustment contemplated under this Section 6, the Board may require the Participant to (i) represent and warrant as to the unencumbered title to the Restricted Shares; (ii) bear the Participant’s pro rata share of any post-closing indemnity obligations, and be subject to the same post-closing purchase price adjustments, escrow terms, offset rights, holdback terms, and similar conditions as the other holders of Class E Shares, subject to any limitations or reductions as may be necessary to comply with Section 409A of the Code; and (iii) deliver customary transfer documentation as reasonably determined by the Board.

 

3

 

 

(c)          Fractional Shares. Any adjustment provided under this Section 6 may provide for the elimination of any fractional share that might otherwise become subject to this Restricted Stock Award.

 

7.            Notations. To the extent applicable, all book entries representing the vested Restricted Shares shall be subject to the rules, regulations, and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange upon which such Restricted Shares are listed, and any applicable Federal or state laws, and the Board may cause notations to be made next to the book entries to make appropriate reference to such restrictions.

 

8.            No Right to Continued Board Service. The granting of the Restricted Shares evidenced by this Agreement shall impose no obligation on the Company or any Affiliate to continue the Board Service of the Participant and shall not lessen or affect the Company’s or its Affiliate’s right to terminate the Board Service of such Participant.

 

9.            Transferability. The Restricted Shares may not, at any time prior to becoming vested pursuant to Section 3, be assigned, alienated, pledged, attached, sold or otherwise transferred or encumbered by the Participant and any such purported assignment, alienation, pledge, attachment, sale, transfer or encumbrance shall be void and unenforceable against the Company or any Affiliate; provided that the designation of a beneficiary shall not constitute an assignment, alienation, pledge, attachment, sale, transfer or encumbrance.

 

10.          Securities Laws. Upon the vesting of any Restricted Shares, the Participant will make or enter into such written representations, warranties and agreements as the Board may reasonably request in order to comply with applicable securities laws or with this Agreement.

 

11.          Notices. Any notice necessary under this Agreement shall be addressed to the Company in care of its Secretary at the principal executive office of the Company and to the Participant at the address appearing in the personnel records of the Company for such Participant or to either party at such other address as either party hereto may hereafter designate in writing to the other. Any such notice shall be deemed effective upon receipt thereof by the addressee.

 

12.          Choice of Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of Maryland without regard to conflicts of laws.

 

13.          Signature in Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

 

[Signatures on next page.]

 

4

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be effective as of the day and year first above written.

 

  COMPANY:
   
  BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
   
   
  Name: [                              ]
  Title: [                              ]
   
  PARTICIPANT:
   
   
  Name: [                              ]

 

5

EX-10.5 12 tm2226053d12_ex10-5.htm EXHIBIT 10.5

Exhibit 10.5

 

BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR COMPENSATION POLICY

 

Effective Date

 

On March 15, 2023, the Board of Directors (the “Board”) of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) adopted this BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. Independent Director Compensation Policy (the “Policy”), to be effective as of March 15, 2023. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the (i) BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. Restricted Stock Award Agreement (substantially in the form approved by the Board from time to time) (the “Restricted Stock Agreement”) or (ii) the BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (substantially in the form approved by the Board from time to time) (the “RSU Agreement”), as applicable.

 

Eligibility

 

This policy shall apply to directors of the Company who meet the requirements set forth for an “independent director” in the Company's charter, as in effect from time to time (each, an “Independent Director”).

 

Compensation

 

Subject to the terms set forth below, the following shall remain in effect until changed by the Board (collectively, the “Compensation”):

 

Annual Cash Retainer:  $75,000*
      
Annual Equity Retainer:  $75,000*
      
Annual Audit Committee     
Chairperson Retainer:  $10,000*

 

*To be paid in restricted stock units (“RSUs”) for the 2023/2024 Service Period (as defined below), as more fully described below.

 

Stock Ownership Policy

 

Each Independent Director shall be required to own shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”), in an amount equal to 2.5 times his or her Annual Cash Retainer within five years of becoming a member of the Board.

 

Payment, Timing and Form of Compensation

 

Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer. The Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer shall be paid quarterly in cash in arrears, taking into account any required proration as described below, as soon as possible following the end of the calendar quarter to which the Compensation relates. Alternatively, the Chairperson of the Audit Committee may elect to receive all or a portion of the Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer in the form of Class E shares, par value $0.01 per share (“Class E Shares”), of Common Stock, as provided below.

 

 

2

 

Annual Retainer.

 

·Retainer for 2023-2024 Service Period Paid in the Form of RSUs. For service to the Board during the period commencing on the date hereof (the “Effective Date”) through the Company’s first regular annual meeting of stockholders (the “Annual Meeting”) held in 2024 (the “2023/2024 Service Period”), each Independent Director shall be entitled to a retainer of $150,000, taking into account any required proration as described below, payable in the form of RSUs granted on the date that the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 relating to its initial public offering of its Common Stock is declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “RSU Grant Date”). The number of RSUs granted to each Independent Director for the 2023/2024 Service Period shall be 15,000, determined by dividing one hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($150,000) by $10.00 and the Chairperson of the Audit Committee shall receive an additional 1,000 RSUs. The RSUs shall vest, subject to continued Board service, on the first anniversary of the RSU Grant Date and have such other terms and conditions as set forth in the RSU Agreement and as described below. Unless deferred, as provided below, the RSUs will settle and be paid to the Independent Directors and the Chairperson of the Audit Committee in the form of Class E Shares on the vesting date.

 

·Annual Retainer for Subsequent Service Years. For annual service to the Board commencing on the date of the 2024 Annual Meeting through the date of the next Annual Meeting and for every year of Board service thereafter (each, a “Service Year”), each Independent Director will be entitled to, as set forth above, (i) an Annual Cash Retainer of seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000) and (ii) an Annual Equity Retainer having a value of $75,000 seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000) as of the date of grant, taking into account any required proration as described below.

 

○Annual Cash Retainer. The Annual Cash Retainer will be payable quarterly in arrears. Alternatively, each Independent Director may elect to receive all or a portion of his or her Annual Cash Retainer in the form of Class E Shares, as set forth below.

 

○Annual Equity Retainer. The Annual Equity Retainer will be granted in the form of restricted Class E Shares, subject to certain transfer restrictions and forfeiture conditions (“Class E Restricted Stock”). The Class E Restricted Stock will have such terms and conditions as set forth below and in the Restricted Stock Agreement.

 

 

3

 

Election to Receive Annual Cash Retainer in the Form of Class E Shares.

 

·At the election of each Independent Director, the Annual Cash Retainer (and Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer, if applicable) for a given Service Year may be payable all or in part by a grant on the same day that the Annual Cash Retainer (or Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer, if applicable) would be paid (the “Cash Retainer Stock Grant Date”) of a number of fully vested Class E Shares determined by (A) dividing the amount of the Annual Cash Retainer (or Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer, if applicable) for which the Independent Director has elected to receive Class E Shares, by the most recently determined net asset value (“NAV”) per Class E Share as of the Cash Retainer Stock Grant Date, and (B) rounding to the nearest whole number. If an Independent Director desires to elect to receive some or all of his or her Annual Cash Retainer (or Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer, if applicable) in Class E Shares, the Independent Director must deliver a valid Compensation Election Form (substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A) to the Secretary of the Company prior to the beginning of the applicable Service Year, which will be effective as of the first day of the Service Year beginning after the Secretary receives the Independent Director’s Compensation Election Form. The Compensation Election Form will be irrevocable for the coming Service Year. However, prior to the commencement of any following Service Year, the Independent Director may change his or her election for future Service Years by executing and delivering a new Compensation Election Form. If an Independent Director fails to deliver a new Compensation Election Form prior to the commencement of the new Service Year, his or her Compensation Election Form in effect during the previous Service Year shall continue in effect during the new Service Year. If no Compensation Election Form is received by the Secretary, the Annual Cash Retainer (and Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer, if applicable) shall be paid in cash.

 

Terms and Conditions of Compensation.

 

·RSU Agreement and Restricted Stock Agreement. RSUs and Class E Restricted Stock shall have such terms and conditions set forth below and in the RSU Agreement and Restricted Stock Agreement, respectively.

 

·Proration of all Compensation for Partial Service Year. If an Independent Director becomes an Independent Director after the Effective Date for the 2023/2024 Service Period or Annual Meeting of a given Service Year, then his or her Compensation shall be prorated based on the number of calendar quarters remaining for the Independent Director to serve on the Board during the 2023/2024 Service Period or Service Year following the date of the Effective Date or most recently held Annual Meeting, as applicable.

 

 

·Certain RSU Terms:

 

 ○RSU Vesting. Unless and until provided otherwise by the Board, the RSUs granted pursuant to this Policy and the RSU Agreement shall vest and be settled in Class E Shares on the one-year anniversary of the RSU Grant Date, provided that the Independent Director is providing services to the Company as a director on such vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing vesting schedule, the RSUs shall become fully vested on the earlier occurrence of: (i) the termination of the Independent Director’s service as a director of the Company due to his or her death or Disability; or (ii) a Change in Control. If the Independent Director’s service as a director of the Company terminates other than as described in clause (i) or (ii) of the foregoing sentence, then the Independent Director shall forfeit all of his or her right, title and interest in and to any unvested RSUs of the date of such termination from the Board and such RSUs shall be forfeited to the Company without further consideration or any act or action by the Independent Director.

 

 

 

4

 

○Deferred Settlement of RSUs. At the election of each Independent Director, the settlement and delivery of the Class E Shares underlying his or her RSUs may be deferred beyond the vesting date to a later date or until the Independent Director’s separation from service on the Board by delivery of a valid Deferral Election Form (substantially in the form approved by the Board from time to time) to the Secretary of the Company prior to the RSU Grant Date. The Deferral Election Form will be irrevocable. If an Independent Director fails to deliver a Deferral Election Form prior to the RSU Grant Date, his or her RSUs will be settled in Class E Shares on the vesting date set forth in the Independent Director’s RSU Agreement.

 

 

  · Certain Restricted Stock Terms:

 

○Restricted Stock Grant Date. For all Service Years occurring after the 2023/2024 Service Period, the Class E Restricted Stock shall be granted on the first business day following the Annual Meeting (or, if the person becomes an Independent Director after the Annual Meeting of a given year, the first business day following the effective date on which the person becomes an Independent Director) (in either case, a “Restricted Stock Grant Date”). The number of shares of Class E Restricted Stock granted shall be determined by (A) dividing seventy-five thousand dollars ($75,000), taking into account any required proration as described below, by the most recently determined NAV per Class E Share as of the Restricted Stock Grant Date, and (B) rounding to the nearest whole number.

 

○Class E Restricted Stock Vesting. Unless and until provided otherwise by the Board, the Class E Restricted Stock granted pursuant to this Policy and the Restricted Stock Agreement shall vest on the one-year anniversary of the Restricted Stock Grant Date, provided that the Independent Director is providing services to the Company as a director on such vesting date. Notwithstanding the foregoing vesting schedule, the Class E Restricted Stock shall become fully vested on the earlier occurrence of: (i) the termination of the Independent Director’s service as a director of the Company due to his or her death or Disability; or (ii) a Change in Control. If the Independent Director’s service as a director of the Company terminates other than as described in clause (i) or (ii) of the foregoing sentence, then the Independent Director shall forfeit all of his or her right, title and interest in and to any unvested shares of Class E Restricted Stock as of the date of such termination from the Board and such Class E Restricted Stock shall be forfeited to the Company without further consideration or any act or action by the Independent Director.

 

 

5

 

Exhibit A

 

COMPENSATION ELECTION FORM 
(Election as to Form of Payment of Annual Cash Retainer)

 

Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined have the meanings assigned such terms in the BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. Independent Director Compensation Policy (the “Policy”).

 

This constitutes my irrevocable written election under the Policy with respect to $75,000 of my Annual Cash Retainer (and $10,000 of my Annual Audit Committee Chairperson Retainer, if applicable) (the “Annual Cash Retainer”) to be earned for the Service Year beginning on the date of the 20__ Annual Meeting. I acknowledge that this Compensation Election Form must be delivered to the Secretary of the Company prior to the beginning of the applicable Service Year and, once delivered, is irrevocable for the applicable Service Year and all subsequent Service Years unless, prior to the commencement of any subsequent Service Year, I change my election for any such subsequent Service Years by executing and delivering a new Compensation Election Form indicating different choices. If I fail to deliver a new Compensation Election Form prior to the commencement of any subsequent Service Year, I acknowledge and intend that this Compensation Election Form shall continue in effect during any subsequent Service Year until I file a new Compensation Election Form.

 

ANNUAL CASH RETAINER

 

☐      I hereby elect to receive:

 

_____% of my Annual Cash Retainer in the form of cash payments made quarterly in arrears during the applicable Service Year and all subsequent Service Years.

 

_____% of my Annual Cash Retainer in the form of unrestricted Class E Shares, to be granted on the same day that the Annual Cash Retainer would be paid.

 

  Executed this _____ day of_______, 20__.
   
   
  (Name)

 

 

 

EX-10.6 13 tm2226053d12_ex10-6.htm EXHIBIT 10.6

Exhibit 10.6

 

FORM OF RESTRICTED STOCK UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT

 

THIS AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”), is made effective as of the [     ] day of [             ], 20[     ], (the “Date of Grant”), between BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and [             ] (the “Participant”):

 

R E C I T A L S:

 

WHEREAS, the Board has determined that it would be in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders to grant the restricted stock unit award provided for herein (the “Restricted Stock Unit Award”) to the Participant pursuant to the terms set forth herein.

 

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants hereinafter set forth, the parties agree as follows:

 

1.              Definitions. The following definitions shall be applicable throughout this Agreement:

 

(a)            “Affiliate” means any Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company. The term “control” (including, with correlative meaning, the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as applied to any Person, means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting or other securities, by contract or otherwise.

 

(b)            “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

(c)            “Change in Control” shall mean the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

(i)any Person or Group, other than a Permitted Holder, is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Exchange Act) directly or indirectly of more than 50% of the total voting power of the voting stock of the Company (or any entity which controls the Company) within a 12-month period, including by way of merger, consolidation, tender or exchange offer, or otherwise;

 

(ii)a reorganization, recapitalization, merger or consolidation (a “Corporate Transaction”) involving the Company, unless securities representing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the Company or the corporation resulting from such Corporate Transaction (or the parent of such corporation) are held subsequent to such transaction by the Person or Persons who were the “beneficial owners” of the outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of directors of the Company immediately prior to such Corporate Transaction, in substantially the same proportions as their ownership immediately prior to such Corporate Transaction;

 

 

 

 

(iii)the sale or disposition, directly or indirectly, in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all, of the assets of the Company to any Person or Group other than the Permitted Holders; or

 

(iv)during any period of 12 months, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board (together with any new directors whose election by such Board or whose nomination for election by the stockholders of the Company was approved by a vote of a majority of the directors of the Company, then still in office, who were either directors at the beginning of such period or whose election or nomination for election was previously so approved) cease for any reason to constitute a majority of the Board, then in office.

 

(d)            “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and any successor thereto.

 

(e)            “Disability” shall have the meaning of such term as set forth in Section 409A of the Code. The Disability determination shall be in the sole discretion of the Board.

 

(f)            “Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and any successor thereto.

 

(g)            “Group” shall mean “group,” as such term is used for purposes of Section 13(d) or 14(d) of the Exchange Act.

 

(h)            “Permitted Holder” means any of the following: (i) the Company or any of its Affiliates, (ii) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities or (iv) a corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Company.

 

(i)            “Person” means any individual, entity or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act).

 

2.              Grant of the Restricted Stock Units. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, the Company hereby grants to the Participant a Restricted Stock Unit Award consisting of [             ] Restricted Stock Units. Each Restricted Stock Unit represents the right to receive one share of Class E common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“Class E Shares”), upon the settlement of such unit. The Restricted Stock Units shall vest and become nonforfeitable in accordance with Section 3 hereof.

 

3.              Vesting

 

(a)            Subject to the Participant’s continued service on the Board (“Board Service”), the Restricted Stock Units shall vest with respect to 100% of the Restricted Stock Units on the first anniversary of the Date of Grant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event the Participant’s Board Service ends due to the Participant’s death or Disability, then the Restricted Stock Units shall be deemed to fully vest on the date of such death or Disability, as applicable.

 

2

 

 

(b)            If the Participant’s Board Service with the Company ends for any reason other than the reasons set forth in Section 3(a) above, the Restricted Stock Units, to the extent not previously vested, shall be forfeited by the Participant without consideration.

 

(c)            Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement to the contrary, in the event of a Change in Control, the Restricted Stock Units shall, to the extent not then vested and not previously forfeited, immediately become fully vested.

 

4.             Settlement of Restricted Stock Units. Unless the Participant elects to defer settlement, the Restricted Stock Units shall be settled within thirty days following the applicable vesting date. Upon settlement of the Restricted Stock Units, the Company will deliver to the Participant, without charge, one Class E Share for each Restricted Stock Unit which becomes vested hereunder and such vested Restricted Stock Unit shall be cancelled upon such delivery. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall have no obligation to issue or transfer any Class E Shares as contemplated by this Agreement unless and until such issuance or transfer complies with all relevant provisions of law.

 

5.             No Rights as a Stockholder. The Participant shall have no rights as a stockholder with respect to any Class E Share underlying a Restricted Stock Unit unless and until the Participant shall have become the holder of record or the beneficial owner of such Class E Share following settlement of the Restricted Stock Units in accordance with this Agreement.

 

6.             Dividend Equivalent Rights. If on any date prior to settlement of the Restricted Stock Units (including any deferred settlement) the Company shall pay any dividend on its Class E Shares, the Participant shall be granted, as of such dividend payment date, an additional number of Restricted Stock Units (including any fraction thereof) (the “Additional Restricted Stock Units”) equal to (a) if such dividend is payable in the form of cash, (i) the aggregate number of Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder that remain unsettled as of the related dividend record date multiplied by (ii) the per share amount of such cash dividend, divided by (iii) the most recently determined net asset value per Class E Share (as determined by the Company and consistent with the valuation procedures described in the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-11 relating to its initial public offering of its Common Stock) as of such dividend payment date, and (b) if such dividend is payable in the form of Class E Shares, (i) the aggregate number of Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder that remain unsettled as of the related dividend record date multiplied by (ii) the number of Class E Shares (including any fraction thereof) payable as a dividend on one Class E Share. All Additional Restricted Stock Units received in connection with such dividend equivalent rights shall vest on the same date that the Restricted Stock Units vest and be settled on the same date that the Restricted Stock Units are settled (including any deferred settlement).

 

7.             Changes in Capital Structure and Similar Events. The following provisions shall apply to the Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder:

 

(a)            General. In the event of (i) any dividend (other than regular cash dividends) or other distribution (whether in the form of cash, shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (“Common Stock”), other securities or other property), recapitalization, stock split, reverse stock split, reorganization, merger, consolidation, split-up, split-off, spin-off, combination, repurchase or exchange of shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company, issuance of warrants or other rights to acquire shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Company, or other similar corporate transaction or event that affects the shares of Common Stock (including, without limitation, a Change in Control); or (ii) unusual or nonrecurring events (including, without limitation, a Change in Control) affecting the Company, any Affiliate of the Company, or the financial statements of the Company or any Affiliate of the Company, or changes in applicable rules, rulings, regulations or other requirements of any governmental body or securities exchange or inter-dealer quotation system, accounting principles or law, such that in either case an adjustment is determined by the Board in its sole discretion to be necessary or appropriate, then the Board shall make any such proportionate substitution or adjustment, if any, as it deems equitable, including without limitation, adjusting the terms of this Restricted Stock Unit Award, including, without limitation, the number of Class E Shares or other securities of the Company (or number and kind of other securities or other property) subject to this Restricted Stock Unit Award or to which this Restricted Stock Unit Award relates; provided, that in the case of any “equity restructuring” (within the meaning of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718 (or any successor pronouncement thereto)), the Board shall make an equitable or proportionate adjustment to this Restricted Stock Unit Award to reflect such equity restructuring. Any adjustment under this Section 7 shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes.

 

3

 

 

(b)            Other Requirements. Prior to any payment or adjustment contemplated under this Section 7, the Board may require the Participant to (i) represent and warrant as to the unencumbered title to the Restricted Stock Units; (ii) bear the Participant’s pro rata share of any post-closing indemnity obligations, and be subject to the same post-closing purchase price adjustments, escrow terms, offset rights, holdback terms, and similar conditions as the other holders of Class E Shares, subject to any limitations or reductions as may be necessary to comply with Section 409A of the Code; and (iii) deliver customary transfer documentation as reasonably determined by the Board.

 

(c)            Fractional Shares. Any adjustment provided under this Section 7 may provide for the elimination of any fractional share that might otherwise become subject to this Restricted Stock Unit Award.

 

8.            No Right to Continued Board Service. The granting of the Restricted Stock Units evidenced by this Agreement shall impose no obligation on the Company or any Affiliate to continue the Board Service of the Participant and shall not lessen or affect the Company’s or its Affiliate’s right to terminate the Board Service of such Participant.

 

9.            Transferability. The Restricted Stock Units may not at any time be assigned, alienated, pledged, attached, sold or otherwise transferred or encumbered by the Participant and any such purported assignment, alienation, pledge, attachment, sale, transfer or encumbrance shall be void and unenforceable against the Company or any Affiliate; provided that the designation of a beneficiary shall not constitute an assignment, alienation, pledge, attachment, sale, transfer or encumbrance.

 

10.            Securities Laws. Upon the settlement of any Restricted Stock Units, the Participant will make or enter into such written representations, warranties and agreements as the Board may reasonably request in order to comply with applicable securities laws or with this Agreement.

 

11.            Notices. Any notice necessary under this Agreement shall be addressed to the Company in care of its Secretary at the principal executive office of the Company and to the Participant at the address appearing in the personnel records of the Company for such Participant or to either party at such other address as either party hereto may hereafter designate in writing to the other. Any such notice shall be deemed effective upon receipt thereof by the addressee.

 

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12.            Choice of Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the state of Maryland without regard to conflicts of laws.

 

13.            Section 409A.

 

(a)            Unless settlement of the Restricted Stock Units is properly deferred pursuant to an applicable deferral policy or program made available by the Company, it is intended that the Restricted Stock Units granted hereunder shall be exempt from Section 409A of the Code pursuant to the “short-term deferral” rule applicable to such section, as set forth in the regulations or other guidance published by the Internal Revenue Service thereunder.

 

(b)            To the extent that the Restricted Stock Units are deemed not to be exempt from Section 409A of the Code pursuant to the “short-term deferral” rule, it is intended that the Restricted Stock Units comply with Section 409A of the Code, and all provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in a manner consistent with the requirements for avoiding taxes or penalties under Section 409A of the Code. The Participant is solely responsible and liable for the satisfaction of all taxes and penalties that may be imposed on or in respect of such Participant in connection with the Restricted Stock Units (including any taxes and penalties under Section 409A of the Code), and neither the Company nor any Affiliate of the Company shall have any obligation to indemnify or otherwise hold the Participant (or any beneficiary) harmless from any or all of such taxes or penalties. To the extent that the Restricted Stock Units are considered “deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A of the Code, references to termination of Board Service (and substantially similar phrases) shall mean “separation from service” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each of the payments that may be made in respect of the Restricted Stock Units shall be designated as separate payments.

 

(c)            In the event that the timing of payments in respect of the Restricted Stock Units (that would otherwise be considered “deferred compensation” subject to Section 409A of the Code) would be accelerated upon the occurrence of (A) a Change in Control, no such acceleration shall be permitted unless the event giving rise to the Change in Control satisfies the definition of a change in the ownership or effective control of a corporation, or a change in the ownership of a substantial portion of the assets of a corporation pursuant to Section 409A of the Code and any Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder; or (B) a Disability, no such acceleration shall be permitted unless the Disability also satisfies the definition of “Disability” pursuant to Section 409A of the Code and any Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

14.            Signature in Counterparts. This Agreement may be signed in counterparts, each of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

 

[Signatures on next page.]

 

5

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be effective as of the day and year first above written.

 

  COMPANY:
   
  BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
   
   
  Name: [               ]
  Title:   [               ]
   
  PARTICIPANT:
   
   
  Name: [               ]

 

6

 

EX-10.7 14 tm2226053d12_ex10-7.htm EXHIBIT 10.7

Exhibit 10.7

 

FORM OF CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

 

THIS CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of [●], 2023 (the “Effective Date”), by and among Sun Life (U.S.) HoldCo 2020, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Sun Life”), BGO Genesis Holding LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc. (formerly BentallGreenOak Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “REIT”), and BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership” and, together with the REIT, the “Investor”).

 

RECITALS

 

I.       As of the date hereof, Sun Life has made the Preferred Equity Investment (as such term is defined in the Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Company (the “Company Operating Agreement”)) in the Company;

 

II.      Pursuant to the Section 9.07 of the Company Operating Agreement, upon notice from BGO Manager (as defined in the Company Operating Agreement) (the “Preferred Equity Conversion Event Notice”), the Members shall take such actions as are directed by BGO Manager to cause the Preferred Equity Conversion Event (as such term is defined in the Company Operating Agreement);

 

III.    Immediately prior to the execution of this Agreement, the Preferred Equity Conversion Event Notice has been delivered by BGO Manager to the members of the Company;

 

IV.    Pursuant to Section 9.07(a) of the Company Operating Agreement, the Preferred Equity Investment has been converted to a Common Equity Investment (as defined in the Company Operating Agreement) and in connection therewith Sun Life has received the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount (as defined in the Company Operating Agreement); and

 

V.      Pursuant to Section 9.07(b) of the Company Operating Agreement, and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement, on the Effective Date, Sun Life shall contribute its entire Common Equity Investment (after giving effect to such conversion) (the “SL Interest”) to the Operating Partnership in exchange 13,000,000 Class E partnership units of the Operating Partnership (collectively, the “Consideration”), at a price per unit equal to $10.00.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the recitals, the mutual promises hereinafter set forth, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:

 

 

 

 

ARTICLE 1
GENERAL

 

Section 1.1             Certain Defined Terms.

 

As used herein:

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to a specified Person, any other Person who, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with such specified Person.

 

“Agreement” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Adviser” means BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership.

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute.

 

“Company” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Company Operating Agreement” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Consideration” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Control” or any derivation thereof, when used with respect to a specified Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, by contract or otherwise; provided, that a Person may still have control of a specified Person notwithstanding that one or more third parties may have rights to participate in major decisions of the specified Person.

 

“Effective Date” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Investor” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Lien” means any charge, mortgage, pledge, deed of trust, charge, easement, encroachment, security interest, restriction, claim, lien or other similar encumbrance.

 

“Liquidity Date” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 2.4.1.

 

“Notice” and “Notices” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 4.1.

 

“Operating Partnership” has the meaning ascribed thereto in preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Operating Partnership Agreement” shall mean the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership, as the same may be amended from time to time.

 

 

 

 

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, firm, joint venture, association, joint-stock company, unincorporated organization, governmental or regulatory body or other entity.

 

“Preferred Equity Conversion Event Notice” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the recitals to this Agreement.

 

“REIT” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Share Repurchase Plan” means the REIT’s share repurchase plan, as in effect from time to time and as more fully described in the REIT’s prospectus in connection with its continuous public offering of its common stock pursuant to an effective Registration Statement on Form S-11 (including any replacement registration statement subsequently filed).

 

“SL Interests” has the meaning ascribed thereto in recitals to this Agreement.

 

“Sun Life” has the meaning ascribed thereto in the preamble to this Agreement.

 

“Sun Life Repurchase” has the meaning ascribed thereto in Section 2.4.1.

 

ARTICLE 2
CONTRIBUTION; ISSUANCE OF INTEREST

 

Section 2.1            Contribution; Issuance of Interest. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, as of the Effective Date, Sun Life does hereby contribute, convey, transfer, and assign the SL Interest to the Operating Partnership in exchange for the Consideration, and the Operating Partnership does hereby accept such contribution, conveyance, transfer and assignment of the SL Interest in exchange for such Consideration. Execution of this Agreement by the Operating Partnership constitutes execution by the Operating Partnership of the Company Operating Agreement.

 

Section 2.2             Issuance of Interest; Admission. Following the foregoing contribution described in Section 2.1, the Operating Partnership will own a Common Equity Interest (as such term is defined in the Company Operating Agreement) in the Company in the amount of $[ ]. The Operating Partnership is hereby agreed to be admitted as a member of the Company, and it is hereby acknowledged that the Operating Partnership shall have all of the rights of a Common Member (as such term is defined in the Company Operating Agreement) as set forth in the Company Operating Agreement. The Company hereby acknowledges and agrees to the contributions described in Section 2.1.

 

Section 2.3             Intended Tax Treatment. With respect to the contribution of the SL Interests, the parties intend that such contribution shall be treated as a contribution of property by Sun Life to the Operating Partnership pursuant to Section 721(a) of the Code, and, unless otherwise required by applicable law or the determination of any governmental authority, the parties will report such contribution for U.S. federal and all applicable state, local and foreign income tax purposes accordingly.

 

 

 

 

Section 2.4             Lock-Up; Redemptions and Repurchases. The Consideration received by Sun Life shall be subject to the following redemption and repurchase limitations:

 

2.4.1        Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the Operating Partnership Agreement, prior to the date that is the earlier of (x) the date on which total gross proceeds from the REIT’s continuous public offering of its common stock pursuant to an effective Registration Statement on Form S-11 (including any replacement registration statement subsequently filed) and any private offering(s) from time to time of the REIT’s common stock (“Total Proceeds Raised”) reaches $1.5 billion, and (y) the third anniversary of the Effective Date (the “Liquidity Date”), Sun Life hereby agrees not to request the Operating Partnership to redeem, and the Operating Partnership shall not be required to redeem, the Consideration. Subject to the limitations set forth below, following the Liquidity Date, each month Sun Life may request the Operating Partnership to redeem, and the Operating Partnership shall be required to redeem upon such request, from Sun Life upon such request, a number of units in an amount not to exceed 25% of net inflows, calculated as follows: (a) 25%, multiplied by, (b) the difference of (i) total gross monthly proceeds from the REIT’s continuous public offering of its common stock pursuant to an effective Registration Statement on Form S-11 (including any replacement registration statement subsequently filed) and any private offering(s) from time to time of the Company’s common stock, minus (ii) the aggregate net asset value of monthly repurchases pursuant to the REIT’s Share Repurchase Plan, in each case, for the applicable month in which Sun Life makes a request (any such repurchase or redemption, a “Sun Life Repurchase”). The Operating Partnership hereby acknowledges and agrees that Sun Life shall not be subject to the limitation set forth in Section 8.5 of the Operating Partnership Agreement that prohibits the delivery of more than two Notices of Redemption (as defined in the Operating Partnership Agreement) during each calendar year. The Operating Partnership hereby acknowledges and agrees that, to the extent the Sun Life Repurchase is satisfied by a payment to Sun Life of the Cash Amount (as defined in the Operating Partnership Agreement), Sun Life shall not be subject to the requirements set forth in Section 8.5(c)(i), (ii) or (iii) of the Operating Partnership Agreement in connection with any Sun Life Repurchase.

 

2.4.2        The price per unit for each Sun Life Repurchase shall be equal to the most recently determined NAV per Class E partnership units of the Operating Partnership in effect at the time of such Sun Life Repurchase.

 

2.4.3        For so long as the Adviser or its Affiliate acts as investment adviser to the REIT and the Operating Partnership, the Operating shall not effect any Sun Life Repurchase with respect to any month in which either (i) the full amount of all shares of the REIT’s common stock requested to be repurchased under the Share Repurchase Plan are not repurchased or (ii) the Share Repurchase Plan has been suspended.

 

2.4.4        Should any Sun Life Repurchase, in the REIT’s judgment, place an undue burden on the REIT’s liquidity, adversely affect the REIT’s operations or risk having an adverse impact on the REIT as a whole, the Operating Partnership may elect not to redeem from Sun Life, or may offer to redeem less than the amount of the Sun Life Repurchase.

 

 

 

 

2.4.5        The Operating Partnership may in its sole discretion determine to suspend redemptions under this repurchase arrangement if it is prohibited from purchasing the Consideration by a legal, contractual or regulatory restriction applicable to it or its Affiliates.

 

2.4.6        The parties agree that the terms of the Operating Partnership Agreement shall govern Sun Life’s ownership of the Consideration; provided that, only to the extent the redemption terms set forth herein are different from those set forth in the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, as amended from time to time, the parties agree that the redemption terms set forth herein shall control with respect to the redemption by the Operating Partnership of the Consideration; provided further, that, the Operating Partnership agrees that (i) the Operating Partnership shall not charge Sun Life a redemption fee in connection with any redemption of the Consideration and (ii) subject to Section 9.2(d), (e) or (f) of the Operating Partnership Agreement, Sun Life may, without the consent of the REIT, transfer or otherwise assign the Consideration to its Affiliate.

 

2.4.7        The Operating Partnership and the REIT acknowledge and agree that Sun Life shall not be a DRIP Participant for the purposes of the Operating Partnership Agreement.

 

2.4.8        This Section 2.4 shall survive indefinitely.

 

ARTICLE 3
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

Section 3.1            Sun Life Representations and Warranties. Sun Life hereby represents and warrants to each of the REIT and the Operating Partnership that each of the following representations and warranties is true and correct as of the Effective Date:

 

3.1.1        Organization. Sun Life is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

3.1.2        Power and Authority. Sun Life has the legal power, right and authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

3.1.3        Execution and Delivery. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Sun Life has been duly authorized by all necessary organizational action of Sun Life, and, assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties hereto, this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Sun Life, enforceable against Sun Life in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy and other like laws affecting the rights of contractual parties and creditors generally and general principles of equity.

 

3.1.4        Contravention. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby will not (a) result in a material breach of any of the material terms and provisions of, or constitute a default under or conflict with, or create a right of termination under, or result in the creation of any mortgage, lien, charge or encumbrance of any nature whatsoever upon any of the properties or assets of Sun Life pursuant to any material agreement, indenture, mortgage, lien, lease, consent, license, franchise or other material instrument to which Sun Life is bound or under which the assets of Sun Life are affected, (b) violate any law, rule regulation, judgment, order decree, writ or injunction applicable to Sun Life, in any material respect or (c) require any notice to, or approval or consent from, any Person other than any notices, consents or approvals that have been obtained or made on or prior to the Effective Date.

 

 

 

 

3.1.5        Broker. No broker, agent, or finder has been engaged by or on behalf of Sun Life in connection with the transactions contemplated under this Agreement.

 

3.1.6        Title. Immediately prior to the contribution described in Section 2.1, Sun Life owns 100% of all right, title and interest in and to the SL Interest free and clear of any Lien, and has not heretofore contributed, assigned, pledged or otherwise hypothecated the SL Interest.

 

Section 3.2             Investor Representations and Warranties. Each of the REIT and the Operating Partnership hereby represents and warrants to Sun Life that each of the following representations and warranties is true and correct as of the Effective Date:

 

3.2.1        Organization. The REIT is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Maryland. The Operating Partnership is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

3.2.2        Power and Authority. The Investor has the legal power, right and authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

3.2.3        Execution and Delivery. The execution, delivery and performance by the Investor of this Agreement have been duly authorized by all necessary organizational action of the Investor and, assuming the due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties hereto, this Agreement constitutes legal, valid and binding obligations of the Investor, enforceable against the Investor in accordance with their terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy and other like laws affecting the rights of contractual parties and creditors generally and general principles of equity.

 

3.2.4        Broker. No broker, agent, or finder has been engaged on behalf of the Investor in connection with the transactions contemplated under this Agreement.

 

3.2.5        Consideration. The Consideration to be issued in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, when so issued in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be duly authorized and validly issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable, and subject to no preemptive rights.

 

ARTICLE 4
MISCELLANEOUS

 

Section 4.1             Notices. To be effective, all notifications or notices, consents, approvals and disapprovals required or permitted by this Agreement to be given (each, a “Notice”, and, collectively, the “Notices”) must be in writing and (a) delivered by nationally recognized overnight delivery service, (b) personally delivered or (c) sent by electronic email transmission (including via .pdf files), with confirmation of receipt from recipient (that is not automatically generated). Notices shall be deemed received and effective (i) if sent as described in subdivisions (a) or (b), on the date actually received or the date delivery is refused, and (ii) if sent as described in subdivision (c) above, upon confirmation of receipt from the recipient (that is not automatically generated). Notices must be addressed in each case, as follows:

 

 

 

 

If to Sun Life:

 

                One Sun Life Executive Park, SC: 3093

                Wellesley Hills, MA 02481

 

If to the REIT or the Operating Partnership:

        

                c/o BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership

                399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor

                New York, NY 10022

 

Notices shall be valid only if served in the manner provided above. Notices may be sent by the attorneys for the respective parties and each such Notice so served shall have the same force and effect as if sent by such party. Each party will be entitled to change its address for purposes of notice in writing, communicated in the manner in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4.1.

 

Section 4.2             Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by, interpreted under and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without reference to conflicts of laws principles. Each of the parties hereby irrevocably waives all right to trial by jury in any action, proceeding or counterclaim arising out of relating to this Agreement. The parties hereto irrevocably elect Delaware as the exclusive judicial forum for the adjudication of any matters arising under or in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby, and consent to the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal or state courts sitting in Delaware. Each of the parties hereto irrevocably waives any objection, including any objection to the laying of venue or based on the grounds of forum non conveniens, which it may now or hereafter have to the bringing of any action or proceeding in such jurisdiction in respect of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.

 

Section 4.3             Further Assurances. The parties hereto agree to use commercially reasonable efforts to execute and deliver, or cause to be executed and delivered, such further instruments or documents or take such other action as may be reasonably necessary (or as reasonably requested by another party) to reflect the transactions contemplated herein.

 

Section 4.4             Headings. The captions and headings herein are for convenience and reference only and in no way define or limit the scope or content of this Agreement or in any way affect its provisions.

 

Section 4.5             Counterpart Copies. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterpart copies, all of which counterparts will have the same force and effect as if all parties hereto had executed a single copy of this Agreement. To facilitate execution of this Agreement, the parties may execute and exchange by facsimile or other electronic communication (including by pdf email transmission) counterparts of the signature pages.

 

Section 4.6             Binding Effect. This Agreement will be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns.

 

 

 

 

Section 4.7             Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by either party without the consent of the other party hereto, provided that Sun Life may, without the consent of the Company, the REIT or the Operating Partnership, assign this Agreement to its Affiliate.

 

Section 4.8             Third Party Beneficiaries. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, this Agreement is not intended to give or confer any benefits, rights, privileges, claims, actions, or remedies to any Person as a third party beneficiary, decree, or otherwise.

 

Section 4.9             Interpretation. This Agreement will not be construed more strictly against one party than against the other merely by virtue of the fact that it may have been prepared by counsel for one of the parties, it being recognized Sun Life and Investor have contributed substantially and materially to the preparation and negotiation of this Agreement.

 

Section 4.10           Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains all of the terms agreed upon between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof, and all agreements heretofore had or made between the parties hereto are merged in this Agreement which alone fully and completely expresses the agreement of said parties.

 

Section 4.11           Amendment. This Agreement may not be changed, modified or terminated, nor may any provision hereunder be waived, except by an instrument executed by the parties hereto.

 

Section 4.12           Severability. If any one or more of the provisions herein is for any reason held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any respect, that invalidity, illegality, or unenforceability will not affect any other provision herein, and this Agreement will be construed as if the invalid, illegal, or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein.

 

Section 4.13           Survival. Except as otherwise expressly set forth in this Agreement, the provisions of this Agreement will not survive the Effective Date.

 

Section 4.14          Prevailing Party Attorney’s Fees. Should any party hereto employ an attorney to enforce any of the provisions hereof, the non-prevailing party(ies) in any final judgment agrees to pay the other party’s(ies) reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses in or out of litigation and, if in litigation, trial, appellate, bankruptcy or other proceedings, expended or incurred in connection therewith, as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. The provisions of this Section 4.14 shall survive the Closing.

 

[SIGNATURES APPEAR ON FOLLOWING PAGE]

 

 

 

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Contribution Agreement as of the Effective Date.

 

 SUN LIFE:
  
 SUN LIFE (U.S.) HOLDCO 2020, INC.
  
  
 By:                                     
   Name:
   Title:

 

 

 

 

 COMPANY:
  
 BGO GENESIS HOLDING LLC
  
  
 By:                                     
   Name:
   Title:

 

 

 

 

 REIT:
  
 BGO INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE INCOME TRUST, INC.
  
  
 By:                                     
   Name:
   Title:

 

 

 OPERATING PARTNERSHIP:
  
 BGO IREIT OPERATING PARTNERSHIP LP
  
 By: BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., its general partner
  
  
 By:                                  
   Name:
   Title:

 

 

 

EX-10.8 15 tm2226053d12_ex10-8.htm EXHIBIT 10.8

Exhibit 10.8

 

Execution Version

 

 

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT

 

OF

 

BGO GENESIS HOLDING LLC,

 

a Delaware limited liability company

 

Dated as of September 29, 2022

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

      Page No.
       
1. DEFINED TERMS 2
     
  1.01 Defined Terms 2
  1.02 Construction 12
       
2. ORGANIZATION 12
       
  2.01 Formation of the Company 12
  2.02 Name and Principal Place of Business 12
  2.03 Term 13
  2.04 Registered Agent, Registered Office and Foreign Qualification 13
  2.05 Purposes 13
  2.06 Powers 13
       
3. MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS 14
     
  3.01 Members 14
  3.02 Preferred Equity Investment 14
  3.03 Limitation on Liability 15
       
4. CAPITAL 16
     
  4.01 Initial Capital Contributions 16
  4.02 Additional Capital Contributions 16
  4.03 Capital Contribution Shortfalls 16
  4.04 Shortfall Loans 16
       
5. CAPITAL ACCOUNTS 17
     
  5.01 Capital Accounts 17
  5.02 Adjustments 17
  5.03 Negative Capital Accounts 17
  5.04 Transfers 17
  5.05 Capital Account Balance 17
       
6. ALLOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS 17
     
  6.01 Allocation of Net Profits and Net Losses 17
  6.02 [Intentionally Omitted] 17
  6.03 Regulatory Allocations 18
  6.04 [Intentionally Omitted] 19
  6.05 Tax Allocations 20
  6.06 [Intentionally Omitted] 20
  6.07 Withholding 22
  6.08 Tax Matters 22
  6.09 Distributions 22
  6.10 Return of Distributions 22
       
7. MANAGEMENT 22
     
  7.01 Management 22
  7.02 Other Activities 24
  7.03 Fees 25

 

i

 

  7.04 REIT Compliance 25
  7.05 Manager Removal and Replacement 26
       
8. BOOKS AND RECORDS 28
     
  8.01 Books and Records 28
  8.02 Accounting and Fiscal Year 28
  8.03 Valuations 29
  8.04 Income Tax Information 29
  8.05 Reports 29
  8.06 The Company Auditor 30
  8.07 [Budget 30
       
9. TRANSFER OF INTERESTS 30
     
  9.01 No Transfer 30
  9.02 Permitted Transfers 30
  9.03 Reserved 30
  9.04 Transferees 31
  9.05 Imputed Underpayment Amounts 31
  9.06 Reserved 31
  9.07 Preferred Equity Conversion Event 31
  9.08 SP II Member Liquidity Option 32
       
10. INDEMNIFICATION 33
     
  10.01 Indemnification 33
       
11. DISSOLUTION AND TERMINATION 35
     
  11.01 Dissolution and Termination 35
  11.02 Winding Up and Articles of Dissolution 35
       
12. Representations and warranties 35
     
  12.01 Representations and Warranties 35
       
13. Miscellaneous 37
     
  13.01 Intentionally Omitted 37
  13.02 Waiver of Fiduciary and Other Duties 37
  13.03 Intentionally Omitted 37
  13.04 Notices 38
  13.05 Further Assurances 38
  13.06 Captions 39
  13.07 Pronouns 39
  13.08 Successors and Assigns 39
  13.09 Extension Not a Waiver 39
  13.10 No Third Party Rights 39
  13.11 Severability 39
  13.12 Entire Agreement 39
  13.13 Counterparts 39
  13.14 Survival 39

 

ii

 

  13.15 Confidentiality 40
  13.16 Governing Law 40
  13.17 Amendments 40
  13.18 Specific Performance 40

  

SCHEDULES

 

SCHEDULE A – Properties, Property Owners and Property Owner Parents 

SCHEDULE B – Members’ Initial Capital Contributions and Funding Percentages 

SCHEDULE C – Form of REOC Letter

 

iii

 

LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT
OF
BGO GENESIS HOLDING LLC

 

This LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY AGREEMENT of BGO GENESIS HOLDING LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company”), is dated as of September 29, 2022 (the “Effective Date”), by and among Sun Life (U.S.) HoldCo 2020, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“SL Member”), Strategic Partners II Genesis, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“SP II Member”), and BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership, a Delaware limited partnership (“BGO Manager”). Capitalized terms used in this Agreement have the meanings given in Article 1 hereof or in the Sections of this Agreement referenced in Article 1.

 

R E C I T A L S:

 

A.            The Company was formed pursuant to the filing of a Certificate of Formation of the Company dated as of August 16, 2022 (as amended from time to time, the “Certificate of Formation”), in accordance with the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act (6 Del. C. §18-101, et seq.), as amended from time to time (the “Act”).

 

B.            BGO Manager, SL Member and SP II Member have formed the Company as a joint venture for purposes of investing in a certain portfolio of industrial and logistics properties located in Ohio, Missouri and Wisconsin and more particularly described on Schedule A attached hereto; each property listed on Schedule A is referred to in this Agreement as a “Property,” each entity identified on Schedule A as the owner of a Property is referred to in this Agreement as a “Property Owner,” and each entity identified on Schedule A as the parent company of a Property Owner is referred to in this Agreement as a “Property Owner Parent.”

 

C.            In furtherance thereof, the Company and NorthPoint NTR Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “NP JV Member”) have formed NP BGO NTR Portfolio, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Investment JV”), which has entered into a certain Contribution, Sale and Distribution Agreement with The Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, a Wisconsin corporation (“NML”) and certain entities defined therein as the “Contributors” (the “NP Contributors”), dated on or about the date hereof (the “Contribution Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Investment JV shall acquire the Properties, indirectly, through the acquisition of one hundred percent (100%) of the equity interests in each Property Owner Parent and each Property Owner, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Contribution Agreement.

 

D.            BGO Manager, SL Member and SP II Member wish to enter into this Agreement to set forth their respective rights and obligations with respect to the Company, effective as of the date hereof and on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

 

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants herein contained, and other valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

 

1

 

1.            DEFINED TERMS

 

1.01         Defined Terms. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth below or in the other Sections of this Agreement as indicated:

 

“Act” has the meaning set forth in Recital A.

 

“Additional Capital Contribution” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02.

 

“Adjusted Capital Account Deficit” means, with respect to any Member, the deficit balance, if any, in such Member’s Capital Account as of the end of the relevant Fiscal Year, or portion thereof, after giving effect to the following adjustments:

 

(i)            Credit to such Capital Account any amounts which such Member is obligated to restore pursuant to Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(c) of the Regulations or is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences in Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5) of the Regulations; and

 

(ii)            Debit to such Capital Account the items described in Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5) and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6) of the Regulations.

 

The foregoing definition of Adjusted Capital Account Deficit is intended to comply with the provisions of Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

“Affiliate” means, with respect to any Person, any Person directly or indirectly Controlling, Controlled by, or under common Control with such Person; provided, however, that neither Sun Life Financial Inc. nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries (other than BGO Manager), nor any of their respective successors or assigns, shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of BGO Manager.

 

“Agreement” means this Limited Liability Company Agreement, including Schedules or Exhibits attached hereto, as the same may be amended, modified, supplemented or amended and restated from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof.

 

“Appraisal” means the written opinion of an Appraiser with respect to the value of a Property on an “as-is” basis.

 

“Appraised Value” means, with respect to any Property, the value of such Property as set forth in the most recent Appraisal obtained by the Company.

 

“Appraiser” means an independent, nationally recognized MAI-licensed (or equivalent) real estate appraiser.

 

“Assets” means all assets and property, whether tangible or intangible and whether real, personal or mixed, at any time owned by or held for the benefit of the Company or any Subsidiary.

 

2

 

“Available Cash” means all cash held by the Company, including all amounts distributed to the Company by the Investment JV in accordance with the Investment JV Agreement (and excluding, for clarity, any Capital Contributions by the Members), that is available for distribution to the Members, after taking into account the amount of such items as the Manager determines in good faith to be necessary or appropriate for the payment of Company Expenses, liabilities, and other obligations (whether fixed or contingent, current or future), or for the establishment of appropriate reserves for such expenses, liabilities, and obligations as may arise, including the maintenance of adequate working capital for the continued conduct of the Company’s investment activities and operations.

 

“Bad Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.05(a).

 

“Bad Act Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.05(b)(i).

 

“BGO Manager” has the meaning set forth in the Introductory Paragraph.

 

“Book Value” means with respect to any asset, the asset’s adjusted basis for federal income tax purposes, except as follows:

 

(i)            The initial Book Value of any asset contributed to the Company shall be the gross fair market value of such asset at the time of such contribution as determined by Manager;

 

(ii)            The Book Values of all of the Company’s assets shall be adjusted to equal their respective gross fair market values (taking Code Section 7701(g) into account), as determined by Manager at the following times: (A) the acquisition of an additional Interest in the Company by any new or existing Member in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution; (B) the distribution by the Company to a Member of more than a de minimis amount of Company property as consideration for an Interest in the Company; (C) the liquidation of the Company within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g); (D) the grant of an Interest in the Company (other than a de minimis Interest) as consideration for the provision of services to or for the benefit of the Company by an existing Member acting in a partner capacity, or by a new Member acting in a partner capacity in anticipation of becoming a Member; and (E) at such other times as reasonably determined by Manager and permitted by Regulations.

 

(iii)           The Book Value of any Assets distributed by the Company to any Member shall be adjusted immediately prior to such distribution to equal the gross fair market value (taking Code Section 7701(g) into account) of such Asset as of the date of distribution as determined by Manager; and

 

(iv)          The Book Values of Assets shall take into account any adjustments to the adjusted basis of any Asset pursuant to Section 734 or Section 743 of the Code in determining such Asset’s Book Value in a manner consistent with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m).

 

If the Book Value of an Asset has been determined or adjusted pursuant to clause (i), (ii) or (iv) above, such Book Value shall thereafter be adjusted by the Depreciation taken into account with respect to such Asset for purposes of computing Net Profits and Net Losses.

 

3

 

“Business Days” means Monday through Friday of each week, except that (i) a legal holiday recognized as such by the government of the United States and (ii) any other day on which banks in the State of New York are required or permitted to be closed shall not be regarded as Business Days.

 

“Capital Account” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01.

 

“Capital Call” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02.

 

“Capital Contribution” means, with respect to any Member, any contribution to the capital of the Company made by such Member pursuant to this Agreement, including the Initial Capital Contributions and any Additional Capital Contributions.

 

“Capital Event” means (i) a sale of assets of the Company or any Subsidiary, including a sale of one or more Properties, exclusive of sales or other dispositions of tangible personal property in the ordinary course of business; (ii) funding of any loan to the Company or any Subsidiary, excluding short term borrowing in the ordinary course of business; (iii) condemnation of all or any part of or an interest in any real property that is owned by the Company or any Subsidiary through the exercise of the power of eminent domain; (iv) any loss of all or a portion of any real property that is owned by the Company or any Subsidiary or an interest therein by casualty, failure of title or otherwise; and (v) the release of any material amounts reserved in connection with any Capital Event.

 

“Capital Percentage” means, with respect to each Member, the percentage determined by (A) dividing the amount of Capital Contributions made by such Member by the aggregate Capital Contributions made by all Members and (B) multiplying the amount so obtained by one hundred percent (100%). The calculation of Capital Percentages shall reflect Capital Contributions made in respect of Common Equity Investments and Capital Contributions made in respect of Preferred Equity Investments, in the aggregate.

 

“Certificate of Formation” has the meaning set forth in Recital A.

 

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

 

“Common Equity Investment” means the Capital Contributions to the Company made by the Common Members, including the Initial Capital Contribution made by SP II Member on or about the Effective Date and any Additional Capital Contribution made by any Common Member and designated for treatment as a Common Equity Investment.

 

“Common Equity Percentage” means, with respect to each Common Member, the percentage representing the ratio of such Common Member’s Common Equity Investment to the aggregate Common Equity Investments of all Common Members. As of the Effective Date, SP II Member is the sole Common Member with a Common Equity Percentage of 100%.

 

“Common Member” means (i) initially, SP II Member, and (ii) thereafter, any other Person that holds a Common Equity Investment in the Company in accordance with the terms of this Agreement (including, following a Preferred Equity Conversion Event, the NTR Member).

 

4

 

“Company” has the meaning set forth in the Introductory Paragraph.

 

“Company Auditor” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.06.

 

“Company Expenses” means the following, as determined by Manager in its good faith discretion: (i) all costs, expenses or obligations of the Company or otherwise incurred by the Manager in connection with the performance of this Agreement or the business, operations and affairs of the Company, including the cost of Appraisers, valuation agents, administrators, experts, custodians, outside counsel, advisors, consultants, accountants, auditors, tax return preparers and other professionals, (ii) costs related to organizing, maintaining, operating, restructuring, winding up, liquidating and dissolving the Company, (iii) expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the Company’s investment in the Portfolio, including negotiation of the Contribution Agreement, the Financing Documents for the NML Acquisition Financing and the Investment JV Agreement, (iv) the Company’s share of transaction costs incurred by the Investment JV pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (v) insurance premiums, taxes and other governmental charges, fees and duties payable by or imposed on or assessed on the Company, (vi) costs and expenses associated with litigation, arbitration and similar proceedings involving the Company, (vii) claims, damages, liabilities, costs and other amounts (including legal fees) subject to indemnification under this Agreement and (viii) amounts payable by the Company from time to time in respect of Shortfall Loans, if any; provided that Company Expenses shall not include, and neither the Manager nor any of its Affiliates shall be reimbursed by the Company for: (x) expenses, the payment of which is known to the Manager to be prohibited under the governing documents of any Member, (y) costs and expenses of providing to the Company and the Manager the office space, facilities, utility service, supplies and necessary internal administrative and clerical functions connected with the Company’s business, and (z) any costs relating to the compensation of the investment professionals and other employees of the Manager and its Affiliates.

 

“Company TRS” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.04(c).

 

“Contribution Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Recital C.

 

“Control” means, with respect to any Person, the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person through the ownership of voting securities or similar ownership interests or by contract. For the avoidance of doubt, “Control” does not require majority ownership of a Person.

 

“Depreciation” means, for each Fiscal Year, an amount equal to the depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction allowable for federal income tax purposes with respect to an asset for such Fiscal Year, except that (i) with respect to any asset the Book Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis for federal income tax purposes at the beginning of such Fiscal Year and which difference is being eliminated by use of the "remedial method" as defined by Section 1.704-3(d) of the Regulations, Depreciation for such Fiscal Year shall be the amount of Book Value recovered for such Fiscal Year under the rules prescribed by Section 1.704-3(d)(2) of the Regulations, and (ii) with respect to any other asset the Book Value of which differs from its adjusted tax basis for federal income tax purposes at the beginning of such Fiscal Year, Depreciation shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such beginning Book Value as the federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such Fiscal Year bears to such beginning adjusted tax basis; provided, that in the case of clause (ii) above, if the adjusted tax basis for federal income tax purposes of an asset at the beginning of such Fiscal Year is zero, Depreciation shall be determined with reference to such beginning Book Value using any method selected by the Partnership Representative.

 

5

 

“Dispute Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.05(b)(i).

 

“Economic Capital Account” means, with respect to any Member, such Member’s Capital Account balance as of the date of determination, after crediting to such Capital Account any amounts that the Member is deemed obligated to restore under Treasury Regulations Section 1.704-2.

 

“Excusable Employee Breach Conditions” shall be satisfied in the case of a Bad Act as described in Section 7.05(a)(i) or 7.05(a)(ii) if: (i) the conduct in question is committed by an employee of Manager that does not hold a position having responsibilities of Managing Director or greater (a “Manager Executive”); (ii) such conduct was not taken at the direction of a Manager Executive; (iii) the employee in question is removed from all responsibility for the business and affairs of the Company and the Subsidiaries within thirty (30) days after Manager becomes aware of such conduct; and (iv) within forty-five (45) days after Manager becomes aware of such conduct, the Company, any Member and/or any applicable Subsidiary is reimbursed by Manager for all monetary losses, costs, damages or liabilities incurred by such Person as a result of such conduct.

 

“Expedited Dispute Resolution” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.05(b)(ii).

 

“Financing” means any loan to the Company or any Subsidiary and any amendment, extension, restatement, modification, restructuring or refinancing of any such loan to the Company or any Subsidiary, including the NML Acquisition Financing.

 

“Financing Documents” means the documents evidencing, governing and/or securing a Financing.

 

“Fiscal Year” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.02.

 

“Funding Percentage” means, with respect to each Member, the percentage identified as such and set forth opposite such Member’s name on Schedule B.

 

“Imputed Underpayment Amount” means (i) any “imputed underpayment” within the meaning of Code Section 6225 (or any corresponding or similar provision of U.S. federal, state, local or foreign tax law) paid (or payable) by the Company as a result of an adjustment with respect to any Company item (including, without limitation, any “partnership-related item” within the meaning of Code Section 6241(2) (or any corresponding or similar provision of U.S. federal, state, local or foreign tax law)), including any interest, penalties or additions to tax with respect to any such adjustment, (ii) any amount not described in clause (i) (including any interest, penalties or additions to tax with respect to such amounts) paid (or payable) by the Company as a result of the application of the provisions of Code Sections 6221-6241 (or any corresponding or similar provision of U.S. federal, state, local or foreign tax law), and/or (iii) any amount paid (or payable) by any entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes in which the Company holds (or has held) a direct or indirect interest other than through entities treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent that the Company bears the economic burden of such amounts, whether by law or agreement, as a result of the application of the provisions of Code Sections 6221-6241 (or any corresponding or similar provision of U.S. federal, state, local or foreign tax law), including any interest, penalties or additions to tax with respect to such amounts.

 

6

 

“Indemnified Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01(d).

 

“Indemnifying Party” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01(d).

 

“Indemnitees” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01(a).

 

“Indemnity Laws” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.01(c).

 

“Initial Capital Contributions” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.01.

 

“Initial Mandatory Redemption Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c).

 

“Interest” means, with respect to any Member at any time, the interest of such Member in the Company at such time, including the right of such Member to any and all of the benefits to which such Member may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with the obligations of such Member to comply with all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement. An Interest may be in a respect of a Common Equity Interest or a Preferred Equity Interest.

 

“Interest Sale Lockout Period” means the period beginning on the Effective Date and ending on the date that is five (5) years thereafter.

 

“Investment JV” has the meaning set forth in Recital C.

 

“Investment JV Agreement” means that certain Limited Liability Company Agreement of the Investment JV, dated on or about the date hereof, by and between NorthPoint JV Member and the Company, as the same may be amended, modified, supplemented or amended and restated from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof.

 

“Investment JV Capital Call” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02.

 

“Investment JV Interest” means the Company’s right, title and interest as a member of the Investment JV, including all components of its “Interest” under and as defined in the Investment JV Agreement.

 

“Liquidity Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.08.

 

“Liquidity Trigger Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.08.

 

“Major Decision” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(b).

 

“Manager” means (i) initially, BGO Manager, and (ii) thereafter, any other Person appointed to act as Manager hereunder in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, including following a removal of a Manager pursuant to Section 7.05(a); provided that at all times following a Preferred Equity Conversion Event and during which the NTR continues to hold a direct or indirect interest in the Company, the NTR Member shall be the Manager.

 

7

 

“Mandatory Redemption Capital Event” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c).

 

“Mandatory Redemption Cure Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c).

 

“Mandatory Redemption Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(c).

 

“Member” or “Members” means one or more (as the case may be) of SL Member and SP II Member and any other Person who, from time to time, is admitted as a member of the Company in accordance with this Agreement and applicable law, so long as such Person continues as a member of the Company. References herein to Members shall refer to both the Common Member(s) and the Preferred Member(s).

 

“Member’s Owner” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.09(a).

 

“Net Profits” and “Net Losses” means for any period the net taxable income or loss, respectively, on a consolidated basis of the Company and the Subsidiary for such period, in each case as determined for federal income tax purposes, but computed with the following adjustments (without duplication):

 

(i)             items of income, gain, loss and deduction (including, without limitation, gain or loss on the disposition of any Asset and Depreciation) shall be computed based upon the Book Value of the Assets rather than upon such Assets’ adjusted bases for federal income tax purposes;

 

(ii)            any tax-exempt income received by the Company or the Subsidiary shall be deemed for these purposes only to be taxable income;

 

(iii)           any expenditure of the Company or the Subsidiary described in Section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code (or treated as described therein pursuant to Regulations under Section 704(b) of the Code) shall be treated as a deductible expense;

 

(iv)           there shall be taken into account any separately stated items under Section 703(a) of the Code;

 

(v)            if the Book Value of any Asset is adjusted pursuant to clauses (ii) or (iii) of the definition thereof, the amount of such adjustment shall be taken into account in the period of adjustment as gain or loss from the disposition or deemed disposition of such Asset for purposes of computing Net Profits and Net Losses;

 

(vi)           to the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Asset pursuant to Section 734(b) of the Code is required, pursuant to Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4) of the Regulations, to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts as a result of a distribution other than in liquidation of a Member’s Interest in the Company, the amount of such adjustment shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the Asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis) from the disposition of such Asset and shall be taken into account for purposes of computing Net Profits and Net Losses; and

 

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(vii)          notwithstanding any other provision of this definition, any items of income, gain, loss, or deduction or credit allocated pursuant to Section 6.02 shall not be taken into account. The amounts of the items of Company income, gain, loss, or deduction available to be allocated pursuant to Section 6.02 shall be determined by applying rules analogous to those set forth in subparagraphs (i) through (vi) above.

 

“New Property Acquisition” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(b)(vi).

 

“NML” has the meaning set forth in Recital C.

 

“NML Acquisition Financing” means the mortgage financing obtained by the Property Owners on or about the Effective Date and secured by the Properties.

 

“NP Contributors” has the meaning set forth in Recital C.

 

“NP JV Member” has the meaning set forth in Recital C.

 

“NTR” means BentallGreenOak Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc, a Maryland corporation.

 

“NTR Change of Control” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.07(d).

 

“NTR Investment Agreement” means an agreement, in a form to be agreed upon by SL Member and the NTR and/or the NTR Partnership, to be entered into by SL Member or its Affiliate and the NTR and/or the NTR Operating Partnership, setting forth the terms on which, among other things, SL Member will have the right, following the Preferred Equity Conversion Event, to contribute its Common Equity Investment to the NTR and/or the NTR Operating Partnership in exchange for equity interests therein.

 

“NTR Member” means the NTR, the NTR Operating Partnership or a subsidiary of either of the foregoing that will become a Member following the Preferred Equity Conversion Event.

 

“NTR Operating Partnership” means BGO REIT Operating Partnership LP, a Delaware limited partnership.

 

“OFAC” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.01(a)(vii).

 

“Partnership Representative” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.05(a).

 

“Party” means each Person that is a party to this Agreement from time to time, whether as a Member or a Manager. As of the Effective Date, BGO Manager, SL Member and SP II Member are the Parties.

 

“Patriot Act” has the meaning set forth in Section 12.01(a)(vii).

 

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“PECE Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.07.

 

“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, association, joint stock company, trust, unincorporated organization, or other organization, whether or not a legal entity, and any governmental authority.

 

“Portfolio Budget” means for each Fiscal Year of the Company, the annual budget and/or business plan for the Properties, and any amendments, modifications or supplements thereto, in each case adopted by the Investment JV in accordance with the terms of the Investment JV Agreement (which terms include, in each instance, the approval of the Company).

 

“Preferred Equity Conversion Event” has the meaning given in Section 9.07.

 

“Preferred Equity Investment” means the Initial Capital Contributions made by SL Member on or about the Effective Date, as increased by the amount of any Additional Capital Contribution made by SL Member in accordance with Section 4.02 and treated as a Preferred Equity Investment.

 

“Preferred Investment Balance” means, as of the date of determination, the sum of, without duplication, (a) the total Preferred Equity Investment less the aggregate amount of all distributions made to Preferred Member pursuant to the terms of this Agreement as a return of (and not on or in respect of) the Preferred Equity Investment, plus (b) any Preferred Return that is not timely paid, and deferred and added to the Preferred Investment Balance pursuant to Section 3.02(b).

 

“Preferred Investment Total Return Amount” means the sum of (a) the Preferred Investment Balance, plus (b) any accrued but unpaid Preferred Return (including Preferred Return at the Default Rate after the Mandatory Redemption Date), plus (c) any other amounts due and payable to SL Member pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (but excluding repayment of any Shortfall Loan made by SL Member and any accrued but unpaid interest thereon).

 

“Preferred Member” means (i) initially, SL Member, and (ii) thereafter, any other Person that holds a Preferred Equity Investment in the Company in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

“Preferred Member Interest” means the Interest in the Company issued to SL Member in respect of its Preferred Equity Investment.

 

“Preferred Return” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.02(b).

 

“Preferred Return Rate” means (i) prior to the Mandatory Redemption Date, a per annum rate, calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and the actual number of days elapsed, equal to six percent (6%), and (ii) if the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount is not paid on or prior to the Mandatory Redemption Date, from and after the Mandatory Redemption Date until paid, a per annum rate, calculated on the basis of a 360-day year and the actual number of days elapsed, equal to eight percent (8%), compounding quarterly (the “Default Rate”).

 

“Prohibited Person” means any Person that (i) is unable to make the representations and warranties set forth in Section 12.01, or (ii) is a competitor of BGO Manager or its Affiliates.

 

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“Property” has the meaning set forth in Recital B.

 

“Property Owner” has the meaning set forth in Recital B.

 

“Property Owner Parent” has the meaning set forth in Recital B.

 

“Regulations” means the income tax regulations promulgated under the Code.

 

“REIT” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.04(a).

 

“REIT Member Owner” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.04(a).

 

“Removal Notice” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.05(b)(i).

 

“Removing Member” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.05(b)(i).

 

“Shortfall Lender” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02(b) .

 

“Shortfall Loan” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02(b).

 

“SL Member” has the meaning set forth in the Introductory Paragraph.

 

“SP Investment Advisory Agreement” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.03.

 

“SP II Member” has the meaning set forth in the Introductory Paragraph.

 

“SP II Member Buyout Transaction” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.08(a).

 

“SP II Member Recap Investor” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.08(c).

 

“SP II Member Required Proceeds” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.08.

 

“Subsidiary” means any corporation, limited liability company or other entity, owned, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, by the Company. Each of the Investment JV, each Property Owner Parent and each Property Owner is a Subsidiary.

 

“Subsidiary Agreement” means, with respect to each Subsidiary, the operating agreement, limited partnership agreement or other governing agreement of such Subsidiary, as it may be amended, modified, supplemented or amended and restated from time to time in accordance with the terms thereof.

 

“Target Balance” means, with respect to any Member for any accounting period of the Company or other period, an amount equal to the hypothetical distribution such Member would receive if all Assets, including cash, were sold for cash equal to their Book Value (taking into account any adjustments to Book Value for such year or other period), all liabilities allocable to such Assets were then due and were satisfied according to their terms (limited, with respect to each nonrecourse liability, to the Book Value of the Assets securing such liability) and all remaining proceeds from such sale were distributed pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement.

 

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“Taxing Authority” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.04.

 

“Transfer” (and correlative terms) has the meaning set forth in Section 9.01.

 

“TRS” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.04(c).

 

“Withholding Payments” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.04.

 

1.02         Construction. Words used herein, regardless of the number or any gender used, shall be deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context requires, and, as used herein, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, the words “hereof,” “herein,” and “hereunder” and words of similar import shall refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provisions hereof. References herein to any Article, Section, Schedule or Exhibit shall be to an Article, a Section, a Schedule or an Exhibit, as the case may be, hereof unless otherwise specifically provided. The word “or” is not exclusive. The use herein of the word “include” or “including”, when following any general statement, term or matter, shall not be construed to limit such statement, term or matter to the specific items or matters set forth immediately following such word or to similar items or matters, whether or not non-limiting language (such as “without limitation” or “but not limited to” or words of similar import) is used with reference thereto, but rather shall be deemed to refer to all other items or matters that fall within the broadest possible scope of such general statement, term or matter.

 

2.            ORGANIZATION

 

2.01         Formation of the Company. The Company has been formed as a Delaware limited liability company under and pursuant to the Act by the filing of the Certificate of Formation. The Manager shall execute all such certificates and other documents conforming hereto and do all such filing, recording, publishing and other acts as in the judgment of the Manager may be appropriate to comply with all the requirements for the continuation and operation of a limited liability company under the Act and other laws of the State of Delaware. Karamjit Kalsi is hereby designated as an “authorized person” within the meaning of the Act, and such “authorized person” has executed, delivered and filed the Certificate of Formation with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. Upon the filing of the Certificate of Formation, his power as an “authorized person” ceased, and the Manager thereupon became the designated “authorized person” and shall continue as the designated “authorized person” within the meaning of the Act. The Manager shall execute, acknowledge and file such other documents and instruments as are necessary and/or appropriate to register, qualify to do business and/or operate the Company as a foreign limited liability company in any jurisdiction in which the Company may wish to conduct business as determined by the Manager. The existence of the Company as a separate legal entity shall continue until cancellation of the Certificate of Formation as provided in the Act.

 

2.02         Name and Principal Place of Business.

 

(a)            The name of the Company is “BGO Genesis Holding LLC”. All business of the Company shall be conducted under such name, and title to all assets of the Company shall be held in such name.

 

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(b)            The principal place of business and office of the Company shall be initially located at c/o BGO Manager, 399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, New York 10022. Such principal place of business and office of the Company may be changed from time to time by the Manager in its discretion.

 

2.03         Term. The term of the Company commenced on the date of the filing of the Certificate of Formation pursuant to the Act and shall continue in full force and effect until the dissolution and termination of the Company pursuant to Article 11.

 

2.04         Registered Agent, Registered Office and Foreign Qualification. The registered office of the Company required by the Act to be maintained in the State of Delaware shall be the office of the registered agent named in the Certificate of Formation or such other office (which need not be a place of business of the Company) as the Manager may designate from time to time in the manner provided by law with notice to the Members. The registered agent of the Company in the State of Delaware shall be the initial registered agent named in the Certificate of Formation or such other Person or Persons as the Manager may designate from time to time in the manner provided by law with notice to the Members.

 

2.05         Purposes. Subject to the limitations set forth herein, the business and purpose of the Company shall be to:

 

(a)            acquire the Investment JV Interest and through such ownership, acquire interests in the Properties;

 

(b)            as a member of the Investment JV and indirect beneficial owner of the Properties, own, manage, improve, develop, redevelop, lease, finance (including pursuant to the NML Acquisition Loan), refinance, sell, transfer dispose of and otherwise deal with the Properties;

 

(c)            exercise all of its right, title and interest in and to the Investment JV Interest, including exercise of all approval and other rights under the Investment JV Agreement; and

 

(d)            engage in any lawful act or activity and to exercise any powers permitted to limited liability companies organized under the laws of the State of Delaware that are related or incidental to and necessary, convenient or advisable for the accomplishment of the above-mentioned purposes.

 

2.06         Powers. The Company shall have the power to do any and all acts and things necessary, appropriate, advisable or convenient for the furtherance and accomplishment of the purposes of the Company, including, without limitation, to engage in any kind of activity and to enter into and perform obligations of any kind necessary to, or in connection with, or incidental to, the accomplishment of the purposes of the Company, so long as said activities and obligations may be lawfully engaged in or performed by a limited liability company under the Act.

 

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3.            MEMBERSHIP INTERESTS

 

3.01         Members. As of the Effective Date, SP II Member and SL Member are all of the Members of the Company, with SP II Member being the sole Common Member and SL Member being the sole Preferred Member. Except as expressly permitted by this Agreement, no other Person shall be admitted as a Member of the Company and no other Person has the right to take part in the ownership of the Company, whether as a Common Member or a Preferred Equity Member, without the consent of the Manager and the Members.

 

 

3.02         Preferred Equity Investment.

 

(a)            SL Member shall have all of the rights and obligations set forth in this Agreement attributed to the Preferred Equity Investment for as long as the Preferred Equity Investment remains outstanding.

 

(b)           The Preferred Equity Investment shall earn a return, commencing on the date of funding of the Preferred Equity Investment (or applicable portion thereof) and accruing at the Preferred Return Rate, payable quarterly on the first day of each calendar quarter (i.e., on each January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1) (the “Preferred Return”), and to be distributed to the Preferred Member pursuant to Section 6.06. Any portion of the Preferred Return not timely paid to the Preferred Member shall be added to the outstanding balance of the Preferred Equity Investment, and shall itself earn the Preferred Return.

 

(c)           The Preferred Investment Total Return Amount shall be paid, and the Preferred Equity Investment thereby redeemed in full, no later than the fifth (5th) anniversary of the Effective Date (the “Initial Mandatory Redemption Date”); provided that if at any time any Financing, including the NML Acquisition Financing or any portion thereof, has a maturity date that is concurrent with the Initial Mandatory Redemption Date, Manager shall have the right, by written notice delivered to the SL Member no later than thirty (30) days prior to the Initial Mandatory Redemption Date, to extend the date for such redemption in full for a period of up to twelve (12) months (the Initial Mandatory Redemption Date, as so extended if applicable, the “Mandatory Redemption Date”). In the event that the Company fails to pay the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount on or prior to the Mandatory Redemption Date, (i) the outstanding balance of the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount shall accrue interest at the Default Rate until such time as the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount is paid in full (and for clarity, such interest at the Default Rate shall become part of the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount, and (ii) SL Member shall be permitted to deliver a notice of default to the Company, following which the Manager shall have thirty (30) days (as the same may be extended as provided below, the “Mandatory Redemption Cure Period”) to either (i) cause the Company to pay the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount to SL Member, or (ii) initiate such procedures as may be available to the Company under the Investment JV Agreement to cause one or more Properties to be sold, recapitalized and/or refinanced in a manner such that the anticipated distributions from such transaction to the Company in accordance with the Investment JV Agreement would generate sufficient Available Cash to pay the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount and thereby redeem the Preferred Equity Investment in full (such transactions collectively, a “Mandatory Redemption Capital Event”). SL Member acknowledges and agrees that if the Company proceeds in accordance with clause (ii) above, as long as the Company has issued such notices and otherwise taken such actions as are permitted in accordance with the Investment JV Agreement to commence a Mandatory Redemption Capital Event and continues to actively pursue the same, (x) the Company shall have fulfilled its obligations hereunder; and (y) SL Member shall not exercise any remedies against the Company, the Manager or any Member in respect of the Company’s failure to timely pay the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount, other than the accrual of Preferred Return at the Default Rate.

 

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(d)           Upon redemption in full of the Preferred Member Interest, SL Member shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder, except for any rights of indemnification or other claims accruing prior to such date or which by their terms survive such redemption. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if, at any time, any payment or portion thereof made by or for the account of the Company, the Manager or any Member on account of the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount or any portion thereof is set aside by any court or trustee having jurisdiction as a voidable preference, fraudulent conveyance or otherwise as being subject to avoidance or recovery under the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code or under any other applicable federal or state bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Preferred Member Interest (x) shall continue and remain in full force and effect, or (y) without further act or instrument, shall be reinstated as a Preferred Member Interest and shall thereafter remain in full force and effect, in either case with the same force and effect as though such payment or portion thereof had not been made and, if applicable, as if such previous termination had not occurred, in each case, until such time as the amount of the payment that was set aside is actually and indefeasibly paid to SL Member.

 

(e)            Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, but subject to any limitations set forth in any Financing Documents (including those evidencing, governing and/or securing the NML Acquisition Financing, which restrict redemptions of the Preferred Equity Investment during the first two (2) years following the Effective Date), the Company may redeem the Preferred Member Interest at any time, including in connection with a disposition or financing of the Investment JV Interest or any Property, provided that in connection therewith (and as a condition thereto) SL Member receives the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount.

 

(f)            SL Member acknowledges and agrees that notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, following a Preferred Equity Conversion Event, neither SL Member nor any Person acting by or through SL Member (including the NTR Member, the NTR or the NTR Operating Partnership) shall have any further rights as a Preferred Member, and its rights shall be solely those of a Common Member with respect to its Common Equity Investment.

 

(g)            The Preferred Equity Investment shall be treated as equity for all income tax and financial reporting purposes and the Company and each Member shall file all tax returns and financial statements consistently with such treatment.

 

3.03         Limitation on Liability. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the Act, the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, whether arising in contract, tort or otherwise, shall be solely the debts, obligations and liabilities of the Company, and no Member shall be obligated personally for any such debt, obligation or liability of the Company, solely by reason of being a Member of the Company.

 

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4.            CAPITAL

 

4.01         Initial Capital Contributions. On or prior to the Effective Date, each Member shall make a Capital Contribution to the Company in the amounts set forth on Schedule B hereto (each Member’s “Initial Capital Contribution”).

 

 

4.02         Additional Capital Contributions. Should the Company require cash (i) to fund the Company’s share of any JV Capital Call (an “Investment JV Capital Call”), or (ii) to pay Company Expenses that are not covered by cash receipts of the Company, then Manager shall seek the consent of the Members pursuant to Section 7.01(b) to issue a capital notice requiring each Member to make an additional Capital Contribution to the Company (an “Additional Capital Contribution”), pro rata in accordance with such Member’s respective Funding Percentage (any such request, a “Capital Call”).

 

(a)            Should the Members approve the Capital Call, (i) amounts funded by SP II Member in respect of an Additional Capital Contribution shall be Common Equity, and (ii) amounts funded by SL Member in respect of an Additional Capital Contribution shall be Preferred Equity, provided that to the extent amounts so contributed would exceed amounts permitted by the terms of any Financing (including the NML Acquisition Financing), such excess shall be treated as Common Equity.

 

(b)            Should the Members not approve the Capital Call, the Manager shall be permitted, without the consent of any Member, to arrange for the funding of such amounts as one or more loans to the Company (each, a “Shortfall Loan”), which (i) shall earn interest at a rate per annum not to exceed twelve percent (12%), (ii) may be made by a Member or one or more third party capital providers selected by Manager (each, a “Shortfall Lender”), (iii) shall be repaid prior to any distributions to the Members pursuant to Section 6.06, and (iv) shall not be secured by any assets of the Company or any Subsidiary or by any Interest in the Company or any direct or indirect interest in any Member. Following the Preferred Equity Conversion Event, in the event that a REIT Member Owner advances any amount as a Shortfall Loan, then notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the REIT Member Owner shall be entitled to structure any such loan in a manner as may be required to ensure that such REIT Member Owner will not be treated as (x) holding a security described in Section 856(c)(4)(B)(iv) of the Code, or (y) otherwise receiving any income or owning any asset that could, at such time or in the future, cause such REIT Member Owner to fail to qualify as a REIT. This may include, without limitation, the REIT Member Owner requiring that the REIT Member Owner’s related Capital Contribution be returned and the REIT Member Owner advance the entire amount of its Capital Contribution and the Shortfall Loan as a loan to or preferred equity of the Company.

 

5.            CAPITAL ACCOUNTS

 

5.01         Capital Accounts. A capital account (“Capital Account”) shall be maintained for each Member in accordance with Section 704(b) of the Code and Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b) and 1.704-2. The initial balance in each Member’s Capital Account shall be as set forth on Schedule B.

 

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5.02         Adjustments. Pursuant to the capital account maintenance rules of Section 704 of the Code and the Regulations thereunder, the Capital Account of each Member shall generally be increased by (i) the amount of any cash contributed by such Member to the capital of the Company, (ii) the Book Value of any property contributed by such Member to the capital of the Company (net of liabilities that the Company is considered to assume, or take property subject to, under Section 752 of the Code), and (iii) any income or gain allocated to such Member pursuant to Article 6. The Capital Account of each Member shall generally be decreased by (x) the amount of all cash distributions to such Member, (y) the Book Value of any property distributed to such Member by the Company (net of liabilities that the Member is considered to assume, or take property subject to, under Section 752 of the Code), and (z) allocations to the Member of Net Losses and any specially allocated items of deduction or loss pursuant to Article 6.

 

5.03         Negative Capital Accounts. No Member shall be required to make up a negative balance in its Capital Account.

 

5.04         Transfers. If any Interest is transferred in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the transferee shall succeed to the Capital Account of the transferor to the extent it relates to the transferred Interest.

 

5.05         Capital Account Balance. Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, whenever it is necessary to determine the Capital Account balance of any Member, the Capital Account balance of such Member shall be determined after giving effect to all allocations pursuant to Article 6 and all contributions and distributions made prior to the time as of which such determination is to be made.

 

6.            ALLOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS

 

6.01         Allocation of Net Profits and Net Losses.

 

(a)            After application of Section 6.02, all Net Profits or Net Losses (and any items thereof), as applicable, for each taxable year or portion thereof shall be allocated among the Members in such ratio or ratios as may be required to cause the balances of the Members’ Economic Capital Accounts to equal, as nearly as possible, their Target Balances. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Manager may adjust the allocations to the Members in its discretion so as to conform as nearly as practicable with the related distributions and expected distributions pursuant to this Agreement, and Manager may take into account any relevant factors in exercising such discretion.

 

6.02         Regulatory Allocations.

 

(a)            Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, (i) “partner nonrecourse deductions” (as defined in Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)), if any, of the Company shall be allocated for each period to the Member that bears the economic risk of loss within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-2(i); and (ii) “nonrecourse deductions” (as defined in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)) and “excess nonrecourse liabilities” (as defined in Regulations Section 1.752-3(a)), if any, of the Company shall be allocated to the Members in accordance with their respective Capital Percentages.

 

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(b)           This Agreement shall be deemed to include “qualified income offset,” “minimum gain chargeback” and “partner nonrecourse debt minimum gain chargeback” provisions within the meaning of the Regulations under Section 704(b) of the Code. Accordingly, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, items of gross income shall be allocated to the Members on a priority basis to the extent and in the manner required by such provisions.

 

 

(c)            To the extent that Net Losses otherwise allocable to a Member under Section 6.01 would cause such Member to have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as of the end of the taxable year to which such Net Losses relate (after taking into account the allocation of all items of income and gain for such taxable period), such Net Losses shall not be allocated to such Member. In the event some but not all of the Members would have Adjusted Capital Account Deficits as a consequence of an allocation of Net Losses pursuant to Section 6.01, the limitation set forth in this Section 6.02(c) shall be applied on a Member by Member basis and Net Losses not allocable to any Member as a result of such limitation shall be allocated to the other Members in accordance with the positive balances in such other Members’ Capital Accounts so as to allocate the maximum permissible Net Losses to each Member under Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) of the Regulations.

 

(d)            If any Member has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any taxable year, such Member shall be specially allocated items of income and gain in the amount of such Adjusted Capital Account Deficit as quickly as possible, provided that an allocation pursuant to this Section 6.02(d) shall be made only if and to the extent that such Member would have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit after all other allocations provided for in this Article 6 have been made as if Section 6.02(c) and this Section 6.02(d) were not in this Agreement.

 

6.03         Tax Allocations.

 

(a)            For federal income tax purposes, except as otherwise provided in this Section 6.03, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be allocated among the Members in the same manner as its corresponding item of book income, gain, loss or deduction is allocated pursuant to this Article 6.

 

(b)            In accordance with Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and the Regulations thereunder, income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to any Company asset contributed to the capital of the Company shall, solely for federal income tax purposes, be allocated among the Members so as to take into account any variation between the adjusted basis of such Company asset for federal income tax purposes and its Book Value upon its contribution, using such permissible method as the Manager shall determine. If the Book Value of any Company asset is adjusted, subsequent allocations of taxable income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such Company asset shall take account of any variation between the adjusted basis of such Company asset for federal income tax purposes and the Book Value of such Company asset in the manner prescribed under Code Sections 704(b) and 704(c) and the Regulations thereunder.

 

(c)            For purposes of determining the nature (as ordinary or capital and, if capital, the applicable rate) of certain items of income and gain allocated among the Members for federal income tax purposes pursuant to this Section 6.03, any items of income and gain required to be recognized as ordinary income under Code Section 1245 or as “unrecaptured section 1250 gain” (as defined in Code Section 1(h)), shall be allocated among the Members, to the extent possible, in the same proportion that the Members (or their predecessors) were allocated the tax depreciation deductions or basis deductions, directly or indirectly, giving rise to such treatment under Code Sections 1(h) and 1245.

 

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(d)            If a Member acquires an Interest, redeems all or a portion of its Interest or transfers an Interest during a taxable year, the Net Profits or Net Losses (and other items referred to in this Article 6) attributable to any such Interest for such taxable year shall be allocated between the transferor and the transferee by closing the books of the Company as of the date of the transfer, or by any other method permitted under Section 706 of the Code and the Regulations thereunder that is selected by the Partnership Representative.

 

(e)            The provisions of this Article 6 (and other related provisions in this Agreement) pertaining to the allocation of items of Company income, gain, loss, deductions, and credits shall be interpreted consistently with the Regulations, and to the extent unintentionally inconsistent with such Regulations, shall be deemed to be modified to the extent necessary to make such provisions consistent with the Regulations.

 

6.04         Withholding. The Company will at all times be entitled to make payments with respect to each Member in amounts required to discharge any obligation of the Company to withhold or make payments to any U.S. federal, state, local or foreign taxing authority (“Taxing Authority”) with respect to any distribution or allocation of income or gain to such Member and to withhold (or deduct) the same from distributions to such Member. Any funds withheld from a distribution by reason of this Section 6.04 (“Withholding Payments”) shall nonetheless be deemed distributed to the Member in question for all purposes under this Agreement. If the Company makes any payment to a Taxing Authority in respect of a Member hereunder that is not withheld from actual distributions to such Member, then the Member shall reimburse the Company for the amount of such payment, within ten (10) Business Days of the Company’s written demand therefor. The amount of a Member’s reimbursement obligation under this Section 6.04, to the extent not paid, shall be deducted from the subsequent distributions to be made to such Member; any amounts so deducted shall constitute a repayment of such Member’s obligation hereunder. Each Member’s reimbursement obligation under this Section 6.04 shall continue after such Member transfers its Interest in the Company or after a withdrawal from the Company by such Member. Each Member agrees to furnish the Company with any representations and forms as shall reasonably be requested by the Company to assist it in determining the extent of, and in fulfilling, any withholding obligations it may have. Each Member agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and the other Member from and against any liability with respect to taxes, interest or penalties which may be asserted by reason of the failure to deduct and withhold tax on amounts distributable or allocable to such Member. Any amount payable as indemnity hereunder by a Member will be paid promptly to the Company, and if not so paid, the Company will be entitled to retain any distributions due to such Member for all such amounts.

 

Any Imputed Underpayment Amount shall be treated as if it were paid by the Company as a Withholding Payment with respect to the appropriate Members. The Partnership Representative shall reasonably determine the portion of an Imputed Underpayment Amount attributable to each Member or former member. The portion of the Imputed Underpayment Amount that the Partnership Representative attributes to a Member shall be treated as a Withholding Payment with respect to such Member. The portion of the Imputed Underpayment Amount that the Partnership Representative attributes to a former member of the Company shall be treated as a Withholding Payment with respect to both such former member and such former member’s transferee(s) or assignee(s), as applicable, and the Partnership Representative may exercise the Company’s rights pursuant to this Section in respect of either or both of the former member and its transferee or assignee.

 

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6.05         Tax Matters.

 

(a)            Partnership Representative. BGO Manager is hereby designated as the “partnership representative” of the Company (the “Partnership Representative”) for purposes of Section 6223 of the Code as of the Effective Date. This designation is effective only for the purpose of activities performed pursuant to the Code. The Partnership Representative shall notify the Members of any federal income tax or other material tax audit or litigation and shall afford each Member a reasonable opportunity to comment on any material submissions. Manager shall not take any action in respect of tax matters except in accordance with Section 8.04.

 

(b)            Tax Elections. Subject to Section 8.04, all elections and other tax decisions by the Company or the Subsidiary for federal income tax or other tax purposes shall be made by the Partnership Representative. If either Member requests, the Partnership Representative shall cause the Company and its Subsidiaries (that are not disregarded entities) to make an election under Section 754 of the Code.

 

(c)            Tax Returns. Subject to Section 8.04, the Partnership Representative is hereby authorized and empowered to prepare or have prepared, to execute or have executed and to file, on behalf and in the name of the Company, any returns, applications, elections and other instruments and documents, under applicable tax law. The Partnership Representative shall cause all Company and Subsidiary tax returns, applications, elections and other instruments and documents under applicable tax law to be timely filed with the applicable government authorities within allowable time periods, including extensions.

 

(d)            Withholding Certificates. The Members shall deliver to the Company, at the time or times prescribed by applicable law and at any times reasonably requested by the Company, such information, documentation or certification as may be prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Company to determine whether withholding may be required with respect to the Member’s Interest in the Company or in connection with tax filings in any jurisdiction in which or through which the Company invests, including any information or certification required for the Company (or any other entity in which the Company directly or indirectly invests) to comply with any tax return or information filing requirements or to obtain a reduced rate of, or exemption from, any applicable tax.

 

6.06         Distributions.

 

(a)            The amount and timing of distributions shall be at the sole discretion of Manager; provided, however, (i) distributions in respect of the Preferred Return shall be made no less frequently than quarterly, and (ii) distributions of Available Cash constituting proceeds of a Capital Event shall be distributed no later than thirty (30) days after the consummation of the applicable Capital Event or the receipt by the Company of the proceeds thereof.

 

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(b)           Subject to Section 6.06(c):

 

(A)            Prior to the Preferred Equity Conversion Event, Available Cash shall be distributed as follows:

 

(i)            Ordinary Cash Flow. Available Cash received by the Company other than in connection with a Capital Event shall be distributed in the following manner and priority:

 

(x)            First, to the extent the Preferred Equity Investment or any portion thereof remains outstanding, one hundred percent (100%) to the Preferred Member until the Preferred Member has received an amount equal to the Preferred Return; and

 

(y)            Second, one hundred percent (100%) to the Common Members, pro rata in accordance with their respective Common Equity Percentages.

 

(ii)            Capital Event Proceeds. Available Cash received by the Company in connection with a Capital Event shall be distributed in the following manner and priority:

 

(x)            First, to the extent the Preferred Equity Investment (or any portion thereof) remains outstanding, one hundred percent (100%) to the Preferred Member until the Preferred Member has received aggregate distributions pursuant to this Section 6.06(b)(i) and Section 6.06(a)(i) in an amount equal to the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount; and

 

(y)            Second, one hundred percent (100%) to the Common Members, pro rata in accordance with their respective Common Equity Percentages.

 

(B)            From and after completion of a Preferred Equity Conversion Event, Available Cash shall be distributed to the Common Members, pro rata in accordance with their Common Member Percentages (as the same are established pursuant to Section 9.07(a)(B)).

 

(c)            Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent there are any Shortfall Loans outstanding, (i) prior to the Preferred Equity Conversion Event, such Shortfall Loans shall be repaid after payments owed to the Preferred Member pursuant to Sections 6.06(b)(A)(i)(x) and 6.06(b)(A)(ii)(x) but prior to any distributions to the Common Members pursuant to Sections 6.06(b)(A)(i)(y) and 6.06(b)(A)(ii)(y), and (ii) from and after completion of a Preferred Equity Conversion Event, Shortfall Loans shall be repaid prior to any distributions to the Members pursuant to Section 6.06(b)(B). Any amounts of Available Cash that are applied to the repayment of Shortfall Loans in accordance with the foregoing shall be applied by first repaying the most recently made Shortfall Loans, and thereafter repaying any remaining Shortfall Loans, in the reverse order made, with accrued interest being paid first, and principal and any other amounts due being paid second, on each Shortfall Loan.

 

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6.07         Return of Distributions. If to satisfy an obligation of the Company, the Members are required, as a matter of law, to return to the Company or pay to a creditor of the Company distributions they have received from the Company, each Member shall return distributions to the Company in such amounts that were distributed to them but would not have been had the aggregate distributions by the Company been reduced by the aggregate amount of the distributions required by law to be returned to the Company. The purpose of this Section 6.07 is to allocate the responsibility to return amounts that are required to be returned as a matter of law and not to create any contractual or other requirement to return distributions to the Company.

 

7.            MANAGEMENT

 

7.01         Management.

 

(a)            Subject to the express terms and conditions of this Agreement, the management and control of the business and affairs of the Company shall be vested in the Manager and the Manager shall have full and complete discretion to manage and control the business and affairs of the Company and to make all decisions affecting the same, and to take all such actions as it deems necessary or appropriate to accomplish the purposes of the Company. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Manager shall have the authority, on behalf of the Company, to take all actions necessary or appropriate in relation to the Investment JV Interest, including the exercise of all rights, granting or withholding of all consents, approvals or waivers, making of all elections and enforcement of all remedies, to the extent of the rights held by the Company as a member of the Investment JV, pursuant to the Investment JV Agreement or otherwise. The Manager shall constitute a “manager” for purposes of the Act, and the actions of the Manager taken in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement shall bind the Company. By way of example, and without limitation, the Manager shall have the authority to:

 

(i)            take all actions on behalf of the Company in respect of the Investment JV and the Investment JV Interest, including the exercise of all rights and remedies under the Investment JV Agreement;

 

(ii)            employ and/or dismiss from employment any and all persons providing legal, accounting, brokerage, consulting, investment advisory, management or custodian services to the Company;

 

(iii)           incur and pay Company Expenses;

 

(iv)          open accounts and deposit, maintain and withdraw funds in the name of the Company in banks, savings and loan associations, brokerage firms or other financial institutions;

 

(v)           establish reasonable reserves for contingencies and for any other proper Company purpose;

 

(vi)          bring and defend actions and proceedings at law or equity before any court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or commission;

 

(vii)         prepare and file, or cause the Company’s accountants to prepare and file, all necessary returns and statements and pay all taxes, assessments and other impositions applicable to Company assets; and

 

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(viii)        take all actions, and authorize any member, employee, officer, director or other agent of Manager or agent or employee of the Company to act for and on behalf of the Company, in all matters necessary to, in connection with, or incidental to, any of the foregoing.

 

(b)            Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Manager shall not cause or permit the Company to take or make any Major Decision without the prior written consent of the Members. Each of the following actions shall constitute a “Major Decision”:

 

(i)            issuing a Capital Call for an Additional Capital Contribution;

 

(ii)            except in connection with a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in accordance with this Agreement, merging, consolidating, dissolving, liquidating, transferring or winding up the Company or materially changing the ownership structure of the Company;

 

(iii)          changing the nature of the business of the Company or permitting the Company to enter into any business other than or in addition to that contemplated by this Agreement;

 

(iv)          approving the admission to the Company of an additional Member, other than as expressly provided in this Agreement (including, without limitation, the admission of the NTR Member following a Preferred Equity Conversion Event in accordance with Section 9.07);

 

(v)           adopting any material amendment to this Agreement;

 

(vi)          incurring any indebtedness for borrowed money (or refinancings thereof) at the Company level;

 

(vii)         acquiring any assets other than the Investment JV Interest and related or ancillary property; and

 

(viii)        approving the acquisition by the Investment JV, directly or indirectly, of any real estate assets other than the Properties (a “New Property Acquisition”).

 

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The Manager shall deliver written notice of any proposed action constituting a Major Decision to the Members, and the Manager and the Members shall discuss, reasonably and in good faith, such Major Decision. If, as of the date that is ten (10) days after delivery of any such written notice (or such shorter period of time as the Manager may set forth in such written notice, but in no event less than five (5) Business Days), the Members have not unanimously approved the Major Decision in question, the applicable action shall not be taken, and the Manager shall cease any activity, or reverse any activity previously undertaken, in furtherance thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that there is dispute among the Members regarding a Major Decision to proceed with a New Property Acquisition, subject to any applicable terms of the Investment JV Agreement, a Member that approved such Major Decision shall not be restricted hereby from participating in such New Property Acquisition through an investment vehicle other than the Company. In voting on a Major Decision, each Member may take into account only his or her own interests and shall have no duty to consider the interests of, nor have any fiduciary duty to, any other Person other than a duty to act in good faith.

 

(c)            In addition to the matters specified above as Major Decisions requiring the consent of the Members, the Manager shall notify and seek the unanimous consent of the Members on material conflicts of interest identified by the Manager in good faith.

 

(d)            Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, Manager shall be permitted to take any and all actions on behalf of the Company without the consent of the Members to enforce or protect any rights of the Company or any Subsidiary under any agreement or other arrangements between a Member and/or any of its Affiliates, on the one hand, and the Company and/or any Subsidiary, on the other hand.

 

(e)            The Manager shall have the right to delegate to one or more of its Affiliates, including any officer, employee or agent, the rights and powers of the Manager to manage and control the business and affairs of the Company. Without the consent of any Member, the Manager may assign its rights and obligations as Manager to (i) any Affiliate of the Manager, as long as the Manager is not released from any liabilities and/or obligations under this Agreement, (ii) a Person that succeeds to the business of Manager and Manager’s Affiliates substantially as an entirety, (iii) any Person the ownership of which is substantially the same as that of the Manager, or (iv) any Person at least fifty percent (50%) of the voting securities, general partnership interests or membership interests of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by any Person described in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above.

 

(f)            The Manager may, from time to time, retain any unaffiliated third party to provide services to the Company, provided that the Manager reasonably believes that such person is qualified to provide such services, and the Manager shall be entitled to rely in good faith upon the recommendations, reports, advice or other services provided by any such agent. Such agent shall be paid such amounts as are negotiated with the Manager and the same shall be Company Expenses.

 

7.02         Other Activities. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, each Party recognizes that each other Party and its respective members, managers, partners, shareholders, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives and Affiliates, have or may in the future have other business interests, activities and investments, some of which may be in conflict or competition with the business of the Company and/or the Investment JV and other Subsidiaries, and that the other Parties, and their respective members, managers, partners, shareholders, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives and Affiliates, are entitled to carry on such other business interests, activities and investments. None of the Company, the Subsidiaries or the other Parties shall have any right, by virtue of this Agreement, in or to such other activities, or the income or profits derived therefrom, and the pursuit of such other activities, even if competitive with the business of the Company, the Investment JV or any other Subsidiary, shall not be deemed wrongful or improper.

 

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7.03         Fees. The Manager shall not receive any fees or other compensation from the Company in respect of its activities as Manager hereunder. However, nothing in this Agreement shall restrict the Manager from entering into separate agreements or arrangements pursuant to which it provides investment advisory, management or similar services to a Member or any Affiliate of a Member and receives, in consideration thereof, management fees, incentive payments or other compensation of any kind, including services pertaining to such Member’s investment in the Company, the Investment JV and the Properties. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, it is acknowledged and agreed that SP II Member or its Affiliate will be party to such an arrangement with the BGO Manager as of the Effective Date (the “SP Investment Advisory Agreement”) and the SP II Member agrees that should the SP Investment Advisory Agreement terminate (whether in its entirety or otherwise as to SP II Member’s investment in the Company), SP II Member authorizes BGO Manager (for so long as BGO Manager is the Manager of the Company) or the NTR Member (for so long as BGO is the manager of the NTR Member), upon receipt of written notice from BGO Manager pursuant to this Section 7.03, to, from and after the date specified in such written notice: (1) deduct out of the distributions otherwise payable to SP II Member under Section 6.06 the fees BGO Manager would otherwise be entitled to receive under the SP Investment Advisory Agreement had it not been so terminated and remit such amounts to BGO Manager; and (2) distribute amounts otherwise payable to SP II Member under Section 6.06 (after deduction of fees pursuant to clause (1)) to SP II Member and to BGO Manager or its designated Affiliate in the amounts and order of priority to be set forth in such written notice (which shall reflect incentive distributions BGO Manager would otherwise be entitled to receive under the SP Investment Advisory Agreement had it not been so terminated).

 

7.04         REIT Compliance.

 

(a)            General. The Members acknowledge and agree that one or more Members or direct or indirect owners of Members may intend to qualify as real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) within the meaning of Section 856 of the Code. In furtherance thereof (and notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement), the Manager may, in its sole discretion, cause the business of the Company, or any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates, to be conducted so as to cause or allow the Company’s income and assets to meet the requirements of Sections 856(c)(2), 856(c)(3), 856(c)(4), and 856(d) of the Code, as in effect from time to time (as if the Company were a REIT). The Members acknowledge and agree that the Manager shall be entitled to exercise any vote, consent, election, or other right under this Agreement in furtherance of the foregoing. Without limiting the above, unless otherwise determined by the Manager, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall enter into any lease or similar arrangement pursuant to which either: (1) rent is based on the income or profits or any Person (other than amounts based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales), (2) such lease fails to satisfy the provisions of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code, (3) rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with such lease is equal to or greater than 15% of the total rent to be received under the lease, (4) the provisions of such lease fail to conform with normal business practice or fail to reflect arm-length terms, or (5) pursuant to which any of the income derived from such lease will fail to qualify as “rents from real property” within the meaning of Section 856(d) of the Code. Unless otherwise determined by the Manager, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary shall make an election or take any action that would cause the Company, or any of its Subsidiaries, to be treated as an entity that is not classified either as a partnership or as a disregarded entity for federal income tax purposes, as applicable.

 

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(b)            Except as specifically provided otherwise, all costs of compliance with this Section 7.04 shall be costs of the Company. The limitations of this Section 7.04 shall be applicable even if they require the Company to forego an otherwise advantageous business opportunity and/or affects the profitability of the Company and/or otherwise precludes the Company from taking an action, or requires the Company to take an action which it would not have otherwise taken, even though the taking of such action or not taking such action, respectively, might otherwise be advantageous to the Company and/or to one or more of the Members.

 

7.05         Manager Removal and Replacement.

 

(a)            Bad Acts. BGO Manager or any successor or replacement Manager of the Company other than the NTR Member may be removed as “Manager” of the Company following the occurrence of any of the following (each, a “Bad Act”), on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Section 7.05:

 

(i)            fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence committed by or at the direction of Manager in connection with the performance of its obligations under this Agreement or pertaining to the Company, the Investment JV or any other Subsidiary or any Property which, in the case only of gross negligence is not remedied within twenty (20) days after Manager’s receipt of written notice of its commission thereof;

 

(ii)            the failure of Manager to perform any of its obligations to the Company and the Members as expressly stated in this Agreement, and such failure (A) continues for a period of thirty (30) days after Manager receives written notice thereof or, if such failure is susceptible of cure but not within thirty (30) days, such longer period of time as may be necessary to complete such cure, as long as Manager commenced to cure during the initial thirty (30) day period and continues to pursue such cure during the extended period; and (B) has or can reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company, the Investment JV or the Properties; or

 

(iii)            the filing by Manager of a petition for relief under the United States Bankruptcy Code, as amended; the making by Manager of an assignment for the benefit of creditors; the making of any application by Manager for the appointment of a custodian, receiver or trustee for itself or its assets; or the consenting to any other bankruptcy or similar proceeding against it, or the admission in writing of its inability to pay its debts generally as they become due, in each case by Manager.

 

Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Bad Act as described in Section 7.05(a)(i) or Section 7.05(a)(ii) will be deemed cured if the Manager satisfies the Excusable Employee Breach Conditions with respect thereto; provided, however, that the Manager shall not be permitted to cure a Bad Act by satisfaction of the Excusable Employee Breach Conditions on more than three (3) separate occasions.

 

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(b)            Removal Procedures.

 

(i)            If either of SL Member or SP II Member, acting singly, or both of them jointly (individually or collectively, as applicable, the “Removing Member”), determine(s) that a Bad Act has occurred and is continuing after all applicable notice and cure periods set forth in Section 7.05(a), the Removing Member may deliver written notice to the Manager (and to the other Member, if applicable), specifying in reasonable detail the facts surrounding the alleged Bad Act in question (a “Bad Act Notice”). The Manager shall have the right to contest the occurrence of such Bad Act by delivering written notice to the Members within five (5) Business Days after receipt of the Bad Act Notice, stating Manager’s election to submit such matter to Expedited Dispute Resolution (the “Dispute Notice”). Following (but in all events within ninety (90) days after) the expiration of such five (5)-Business Day period or, if applicable, a final determination pursuant to Expedited Dispute Resolution that a Bad Act has occurred, the Removing Member may deliver a written notice to the Manager revoking the Manager’s authority hereunder (a “Removal Notice”) effective as of the date set forth in the Removal Notice. From and after the date that a Bad Act Notice is delivered but prior to the effective date of removal set forth in a duly issued Removal Notice, the Manager shall continue to manage and operate the business of the Company in accordance with this Agreement.

 

(ii)            “Expedited Dispute Resolution” means, in connection with the determination of the occurrence of a Bad Act, arbitration in the State of New York before one (1) qualified arbitrator. Upon receipt by the Members of any Dispute Notice in accordance with Section 7.05(b)(i)), the Removing Member shall propose at least three (3) qualified arbitrators. Each of the proposed arbitrators shall be either (x) a retired judge or justice of a court of the State of Delaware or the State of New York, or (ii) an attorney licensed to practice and practicing in the State of Delaware or the State of New York for not less than twenty (20) years and experienced in the organization and operation of business entities organized under Delaware law and the negotiation of managed investment vehicle agreements comparable to this Agreement. Each of the proposed arbitrators shall have had no business or familial relationship with any Party, or any Affiliate of any Party, or counsel to either Party during the prior ten (10) years. The Manager shall select one of the three (3) arbitrators proposed by the Removing Member. The arbitration shall be administered by JAMS under its Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures and in accordance with the Expedited Procedures in those Rules; provided, however, that the arbitrator shall give all parties a full and fair opportunity to prepare their claim(s) or defense(s) and be heard. The arbitrator shall issue a reasoned opinion within thirty (30) days after appointment of the arbitrator or otherwise in accordance with the Expedited Procedures in the Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures. Any arbitration shall be conducted in accordance with the expedited procedures set forth in the JAMS Comprehensive Arbitration Rules and Procedures as those Rules exist on the Effective Date, including Rules 16.1 and 16.2 of those Rules. The Members and the Manager agree that they will give conclusive effect to the arbitrator’s determination; provided, however, that the Members shall not be deemed to waive their rights to appeal or seek modification or nullification of the arbitration award to the fullest extent permitted by law. The arbitrator shall decide the dispute in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to conflict of law principles. The costs of the arbitration initially shall be shared by the Parties in equal amounts. Each Party shall bear its own attorneys’ fees during the arbitration. The prevailing party shall be repaid all of such fees and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) by the non-prevailing party within ten (10) days after receiving notice of the arbitrator’s decision.

 

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(c)            Replacement. If Manager shall be removed in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.05, the Members shall have the ability to appoint a replacement Manager, which may or may not be a Member or an Affiliate of a Member, provided that a successor manager shall be appointed only if the following conditions are satisfied:

 

(i)            such appointment shall be approved by both Members;

 

(ii)            the replacement Manager shall have accepted and agreed in writing to be bound by this Agreement from and after the date of such appointment and provided evidence reasonably acceptable to the Members that such acceptance and agreement have been authorized by all necessary corporate action; and

 

(iii)          such appointment shall not result in a breach of the Investment JV Agreement or any Financing Document.

 

The Members shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause a replacement Manager to be appointed as promptly as practicable following the effective date of removal. During any interim period between the effective date of removal and the appointment of a replacement Manager, the Members shall act as co-Managers.

 

(e)            Replacement Upon Preferred Equity Conversion Event. Upon the occurrence of a Preferred Equity Conversion Event, without notice to or consent by any Member and without the need for any further documentation, the existing Manager shall be removed as Manager and the NTR Member shall become the Manager. Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement, in no event shall the NTR Member be subject to removal and replacement pursuant to the provisions of Sections 7.05(a) and (b) or otherwise.

 

8.            BOOKS AND RECORDS

 

8.01         Books and Records. The Manager shall maintain or cause to be maintained full and accurate books and records of the Company. The Manager shall maintain or cause to be maintained such books and accounts in a safe manner and separate from any records not having to do directly with the Company. Such books and records of account shall be prepared and maintained by the Manager at the principal place of business of the Company or such other place or places as may from time to time be reasonably determined by Manager. Each Member or its duly authorized representative shall have the right to inspect, examine and copy such books and records of account at its own expense at the Company’s office during reasonable business hours.

 

8.02         Accounting and Fiscal Year. The reports to be provided to the Members pursuant to this Article 8 shall be prepared on such basis as the Manager determines in good faith shall appropriately reflect the operations and assets of the Company, provided that the financial statements required to be delivered shall be prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. All costs of preparation of such reports and financial statements shall be paid by the Company. The taxable year of the Company shall end on December 31 of each year, unless a different taxable year shall be required by the Code (the “Fiscal Year”). All decisions with respect to accounting principles shall be made by the Manager.

 

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8.03         Valuations. The Manager shall seek an Appraisal of each Property on an annual basis, unless the Members approve less frequent appraisals. In addition, the Manager will update the valuation of the Properties on a quarterly basis (or at any other time as deemed necessary or advisable by the Manager in its discretion) based on material items occurring since the last annual Appraisal. The Manager shall cause a copy of each Appraisal obtained for any Property to be provided to the Members. The cost of such Appraisals shall be borne by the Company as a Company Expense.

 

8.04         Income Tax Information

 

(a)            The Manager shall submit drafts of tax returns, including schedules and exhibits thereto, to the Members within forty-five (45) days after the end of each Fiscal Year. After making changes reasonably requested by the Members, the Manager shall file or cause to be filed all tax returns required of the Company. In the event of any disagreement among the Members and Manager, Manager shall determine in its good faith reasonable discretion any decisions regarding or affecting the allocation, reporting or characterization for tax purposes of items of income, gain, loss or deduction of the Company and the Subsidiary, including, but not limited to, whether to make any available election pursuant to the Code and the Regulations.

 

(b)            Within ninety (90) days after the end of each Fiscal Year, the Manager shall prepare or cause to be prepared and sent to each Member who was a Member at any time during such Fiscal Year copies of such information as may be required for federal, state and local income tax reporting purposes, including copies of Schedule K-1 or any successor schedule or form, for such Person, and such other information as a Member may reasonably request, including a state allocation schedule of the Company’s taxable income, a state apportionment factors schedule, and such other information as any Member may reasonably request for the purpose of preparing its own federal, state and local income tax returns. Such reports shall be based upon the tax returns prepared in accordance with Section 8.04(a).

 

8.05         Reports.

 

(a)            Unless otherwise required sooner by the NTR Member to comply with its reporting obligations, the Manager shall prepare or cause to be prepared at the Company’s expense and furnish to each of the Members within sixty (60) days after the close of each Fiscal Year of the Company audited financial statements including a balance sheet, a statement of income and loss, a statement of cash flow and a statement of changes in Members’ capital (each consolidated, if applicable), along with accompanying footnotes and auditor’s opinion, of the Company and the Subsidiary dated as of the end of such Fiscal Year.

 

(b)            Unless otherwise required sooner by the NTR Member to comply with its reporting obligations, the Manager shall prepare or cause to be prepared and furnish to each of the Members within forty-five (45) days after the close of each fiscal quarter other than the final fiscal quarter of each Fiscal Year, (i) an unaudited balance sheet and income statement of the Company, and (ii) all material quarterly reports distributed by the Investment JV to the Company in accordance with the Investment JV Agreement.

 

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(c)            To the extent the reports required by Section 8.05(a) and 8.05(b)(i) are not delivered by the dates specified due to the failure of the Investment JV (or of any property manager engaged by the Investment JV or any other Subsidiary) to deliver the necessary information, the Manager shall have an additional period of time as necessary to prepare the reports promptly after receipt of the information.

 

(d)            The Manager agrees to use commercially reasonable efforts to provide each Member, at such Member’s expense, with such other reports and information as may be requested by such Member in order to comply with its own reporting obligations.

 

8.06         The Company Auditor. The Company shall retain a regular accountant and auditor for the Company (the “Company Auditor”). The initial Company Auditor shall be Ernst & Young. Subject to Section 8.09, fees and expenses of the Company Auditor shall be a Company Expense.

 

9.            TRANSFER OF INTERESTS

 

9.01         No Transfer. Except as expressly permitted in Section 9.02 below, any direct or indirect sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, encumbrance, pledge or hypothecation of all or any portion of any Interest or any of the right, title and/or interest of a Member under this Agreement (each, a “Transfer” with “Transferor” and “Transferor” having correlative meanings) shall be prohibited without the consent of the Manager, which may be granted or withheld in Manager’s sole and absolute discretion. For the avoidance of doubt, the term “Transfer” includes any direct or indirect sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, encumbrance, pledge or hypothecation by a direct or indirect beneficial owner of a Member of all or any portion of such owner’s direct or indirect interest in the Member. Any Transfer not in compliance with this Agreement shall be null and void ab initio.

 

9.02         Permitted Transfers. Notwithstanding Section 9.01, the following Transfers shall be permitted without the approval of the Manager or any Member, subject to the conditions as set forth herein: (a) a Transfer of all or any portion of a Member’s Interest to an Affiliate of such Member, provided that the applicable requirements set forth in Section 9.04 are satisfied; (b) the Transfer of the entire Common Equity Interest acquired by SL Member in connection with the Preferred Equity Conversion Event to the NTR Member in accordance with Section 9.07; (c) a Transfer of SP II Member’s Interest pursuant to Section 9.08(a) following issuance of a Liquidity Notice, provided that the applicable requirements set forth in Section 9.04 are satisfied; and (d)  from and after the expiration of the Interest Sale Lockout Period, a Transfer of all or any portion of a Member’s Interest to any Person as long as the applicable requirements of Section 9.04 are satisfied.

 

9.03         Reserved.

 

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9.04         Transferees. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, (a) no Transfer shall be permitted to the extent that such Transfer would violate any applicable law or any provision of any agreement to which the Company or any Subsidiary or their respective assets are bound; (b) no Transferee of all or any portion of any direct Interest shall be admitted as a substitute Member unless (i) such Interest is Transferred in compliance with applicable law and the applicable provisions of this Agreement, and (ii) such Transferee shall have executed and delivered to the Company such instruments as the Transferring Member and the Manager reasonably deem necessary or desirable to effectuate the admission of such Transferee as a Member and to confirm the agreement of such Transferee to be bound by all the terms, conditions and provisions of this Agreement with respect to such Interest; (c) in no event may any Transfer be made to a Prohibited Person; and (d) a Transferring Member shall provide Manager with fifteen (15) Business Days’ prior written notice of a Transfer together with the identity of the Transferee and such information as may be requested by the Manager to complete “know your customer” or other regulatory investigations with respect to the Transferee (provided that such notice shall not be required with respect to any Transfers of interests in a publicly traded company). As promptly as practicable after the admission of any Person as a Member, the books and records of the Company shall be changed to reflect such admission. All reasonable costs and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with any Transfer of any Interest and, if applicable, the admission of any Transferee as a Member shall be paid by such the Transferring Member or its Transferee.

 

9.05         Imputed Underpayment Amount. Any Imputed Underpayment Amount that is properly allocable to an assignor of an Interest, as reasonably determined by Manager, shall be treated as a Withholding Payment with respect to the applicable assignee in accordance with Section 6.04. Furthermore, as a condition to any Transfer, each assignor shall be required to agree to indemnify and hold harmless the Company from and against any and all liability with respect to the assignee’s Withholding Payments resulting from Imputed Underpayment Amounts attributable to the assignor to the extent such Imputed Underpayment Amounts are not covered by Withholding Payments attributable to the assignor or transferee

 

9.06         Reserved.

 

9.07         Preferred Equity Conversion Event. At any time upon written notice from BGO Manager to the Members pursuant to this Section 9.07 (a “PECE Notice”), the Members shall take such actions as are directed by BGO Manager, whether in the PECE Notice or in any subsequent written notice to the Members, to complete the following series of transactions (collectively, the “Preferred Equity Conversion Event”):

 

(a)            The Preferred Equity Investment shall be converted to a Common Equity Investment, as follows: The Preferred Equity Investment shall be converted into a Common Equity Investment having a value equal to the sum of all Capital Contributions made by SL Member as of the date of the Preferred Equity Conversion Event. Upon such conversion, (A) any and all rights of SL Member in respect of the Preferred Equity Investment, including the Preferred Return and rights to receive any or all of the Preferred Investment Total Return Amount, shall terminate and SL Member shall have only the rights hereunder afforded to Common Members, and (B) each Member’s Common Percentage Interest shall be calculated as the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of its Common Equity Investment to the total Common Equity Investments of all Members.

 

(b)           Upon such conversion, the following transactions and steps shall be taken substantially simultaneously: (A) SL Member shall contribute its Common Equity Interest, directly or indirectly, to the NTR Member, in exchange for equity interests in the NTR or the NTR Operating Partnership, (B) SL Member and the NTR Member shall execute and deliver the NTR Investment Agreement pursuant to which the NTR Member shall assume all rights and obligations of SL Member as a Common Member from and after the date of such contribution, (C) NTR Member shall become Manager of the Company in accordance with Section 7.05(e), and (D) the Company and the NTR Operating Partnership shall enter into a REOC management rights letter in substantially the form attached hereto as Schedule C.

 

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(c)            Thereafter, all distributions pursuant to Section 6.06(a) and Section 6.06(b) shall be made to the Common Members in accordance with their Common Percentage Interests (initially as established pursuant to clause (a) above and thereafter as the same may be adjusted in accordance with this Agreement).

 

(d)            The Members acknowledge and agree that (i) on the date of conversion, the NTR Member shall become the Manager and the NTR Member will initially be externally managed by BGO Manager, and (ii) the NTR Member shall be permitted to terminate and replace BGO Manager for any or no reason on sixty (60) days’ notice (an “NTR Change of Control”), and neither an NTR Change of Control nor the resulting change in Control of the NTR Member shall constitute a violation of Section 9.01 or any other provision of this Agreement.

 

9.08         SP II Member Liquidity Option. SP II Member shall have the right to give notice to the Manager and the other Members setting forth its desire to liquidate its Common Equity Investment (a “Liquidity Notice”) at any time from and after the earliest to occur of the following (each, a “Liquidity Trigger Event”): (i) the removal of BGO Manager as Manager of the Company pursuant to Section 7.05(a); (ii) an NTR Change of Control; or (iii) expiration of the Interest Sale Lockout Period. Following delivery of a Liquidity Notice, the Parties shall proceed as set forth in this Section 9.08.

 

(a)            The Manager shall use commercially reasonable efforts to source one (1) or more investors (an “SP II Recap Investor”) to acquire SP II Member’s entire Interest in the Company (the “SP II Member Buyout Transaction”). As long as the Liquidity Trigger Event is not removal of BGO Manager for a Bad Act, such efforts may include one or more investors with which BGO Manager or its Affiliates have a relationship and investment history. Manager shall have the authority, without the approval of SP II Member or any other Member, to accept any offer(s) pursuant to which (i) SP II Member would receive, in respect of its Interest, net proceeds that equal or exceed the amounts that would be distributed to SP II Member if all of the Properties were sold for their Appraised Values as of the date immediately prior to the date of the Liquidity Trigger Event, the net proceeds thereof were distributed to the Investment JV Members in accordance with the Investment JV Agreement, and the amounts so distributed to the Company were distributed to the Members pursuant to Section 6.06(b) (as then in effect) (the “SP II Member Required Proceeds”), and (ii) SP II Member is not required to provide any representations, warranties or covenants other than with respect to its ownership of its Interest, free and clear of liens (other than restrictions set forth in this Agreement), its authority to transfer its Interest, and similar entity matters regarding SP II Member, and in all events excluding representations, warranties or covenants pertaining to the Properties; it being agreed that all of the other terms of a SP II Member Buyout Transaction, including the economic and other rights granted to the SP II Member Recap Investor(s), may be determined by the Manager in its good faith discretion. SP II Member shall reasonably cooperate with the Manager in pursuing and consummating a SP II Member Buyout Transaction, and shall execute and deliver reasonable and customary documentation, consistent with the conditions in this paragraph, required in connection therewith.

 

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(b)            If a SP II Member Buyout Transaction is not consummated within six (6) months after delivery of the Liquidity Notice, SP II Member shall have the right to require that the Company initiate such procedures as may be available to the Company under the Investment JV Agreement to cause one or more Properties to be sold, recapitalized and/or refinanced in a manner such that the anticipated distributions from such transactions to the Company in accordance with the Investment JV Agreement would generate sufficient Available Cash to pay to SP II Member the SP II Member Required Proceeds in redemption of SP II Member’s Interest in the Company. SP II Member acknowledges and agrees that as long as the Company has issued such notices and otherwise taken such actions as are permitted in accordance with the Investment JV Agreement to commence such sales, recapitalizations and/or refinancings and continues to actively pursue the same, the Company shall not be required to redeem more than twenty-five percent (25%) of SP II Member’s Interest (calculated as a percentage of the SP II Member Required Proceeds) in any single Fiscal Quarter pursuant to this Section 9.08(b).

 

9.09         Tax Considerations. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, no Transfer will be permitted unless:

 

(a)            if the transferor (or if such Member is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the first direct or indirect beneficial owner of such Member that is not a disregarded entity (the “Member’s Owner”)) is a “United States person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code, then such Member (or Member’s Owner, if applicable) shall complete and provide to both of the transferee and the Company, a duly executed IRS Form W-9; and

 

(b)            if the transferor (or if such Member is a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Member’s Owner) is not a “United States person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code, then such transferor and such transferee shall jointly provide to the Company written proof reasonably satisfactory to the Manager that any applicable withholding tax that may be imposed on such transfer (including pursuant to Sections 864 and 1446 of the Code) and any related tax returns or forms that are required to be filed, have been, or will be, timely paid and filed, as applicable.

 

10.            INDEMNIFICATION

 

10.01       Indemnification.

 

(a)            Except as otherwise provided in this Section 10.01, the Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each of the Members and the Manager and each of their respective members, partners, shareholders, officers, directors, employees, agents, representatives and Affiliates (collectively, the “Indemnitees”) from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, damages, liabilities, lawsuits and other proceeding, judgments, awards, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees, disbursements and court costs) to the extent the same arise directly or indirectly from the ownership, operation, use, maintenance or management of the Property or by reason of such Indemnitee’s acts or omissions which are for or on behalf of the Company and taken in accordance, or believed in good faith to be in accordance, with such Indemnitee’s responsibilities and obligations under this Agreement, as the case may be; provided, that (i) the foregoing indemnity shall not apply to the extent the same arise out of or result from the fraud, willful misconduct, gross negligence, knowing violation of law or willful breach of the terms of this Agreement by such Indemnitee or its Affiliate, (ii) Indemnitees shall only be reimbursed out of the assets of the Company (but the Members acknowledge that the Manager may make a Capital Call for Additional Capital Contributions to the Company to satisfy a Company obligation under this Article 10) and (iii) no Indemnitee shall be reimbursed from the Company Assets for attorneys’ fees or other legal expenses incurred in connection with litigation against another Indemnitee.

 

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(b)            Except in the case of fraud, willful misconduct, gross negligence, knowing violation of law or willful breach of the express terms of this Agreement by a Member or Manager, no Member or Manager shall be liable to any other party or the Company for (i) any act or omission performed or omitted in good faith, (ii) such Member’s or Manager’s failure or refusal to perform any act or (iii) the negligence, dishonesty or bad faith of any agent, consultant or broker of the Company selected, engaged or retained in good faith and with reasonable prudence.

 

(c)            Without limiting but subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section 10.01 in any action brought by a third party against an Indemnitee pursuant to the Act, the Indemnitee named as a defendant in such suit shall be entitled to be indemnified to the fullest extent permitted under the Act or any other applicable law (the “Indemnity Laws”) and, to the fullest extent permitted under the Indemnity Laws, the Company shall advance any expenses incurred by such defending Indemnitee in defending such action, subject to repayment.

 

(d)            If any claim, action or proceeding is made or brought against a party (the “Indemnified Party”) and pursuant to which claim, action or proceeding another party (the “Indemnifying Party”) shall be obligated to indemnify the Indemnified Party under the terms of this Article 10, then the Indemnifying Party at its sole cost and expense, shall resist or defend such claim, action or proceeding in the Indemnified Party’s name, if necessary, by such attorneys as the Indemnified Party shall approve, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld (and shall be deemed granted if such attorney is selected by the Indemnifying Party’s insurer). If any claim is made against the Indemnified Party, the Indemnified Party shall give notice of the claim to the Indemnifying Party in order that the Indemnifying Party can undertake its obligations pursuant to the first sentence of this paragraph (d). The Indemnifying Party may settle any such action involving the Indemnified Party on such terms as the Indemnifying Party determines, but only if (i) the Indemnified Party receives a general release from the claimant in the action and (ii) the Indemnified Party shall not be required to admit or be deemed to admit any guilt in any such action. Failure by the Indemnified Party to notify the Indemnifying Party of any claim, action or proceeding shall not affect the Indemnifying Party’s obligations hereunder unless the failure to notify is prejudicial to the Indemnifying Party. The Company shall pay all defense costs of any Indemnified Party as such defense costs are incurred, provided that such defense costs shall be subject to reimbursement by such Indemnified Party in the event of a final determination that such Indemnified Party is not entitled to indemnification under this Article 10.

 

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(e)            In no event shall any Member or Manager be liable to any other party hereunder on account of any lost profits or incidental, consequential, special or punitive damages.

 

11.            DISSOLUTION AND TERMINATION

 

11.01       Dissolution and Termination.

 

(a)            The Company shall be dissolved upon the first of the following events to occur: (i) the consent in writing to dissolve and wind up the affairs of the Company by the Members and the Manager; (ii) all or substantially all of the assets of the Company, after payment of or due provision for all debts, liabilities and obligations of the Company shall have been distributed to the Members in the manner provided for in this Agreement; (iii) the Certificate of Formation shall have been cancelled in the manner required by the Act; and (iv) the entry of a judicial dissolution under Section 18-802 of the Act; and (v) the election of the Manager in the event that one or both Members fails to fund its Initial Capital Contribution in accordance with Section 4.01.

 

(b)            Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the bankruptcy of any Member shall not cause such Member to cease to be a member of the Company and upon the occurrence of such an event, the Company shall continue without dissolution.

 

(c)            In all cases of dissolution of the Company, the business of the Company shall be wound up and the Company liquidated as promptly as practicable thereafter, and the assets of the Company shall be distributed as provided for in the Act and thereafter in accordance with Section 11.01(d).

 

(d)            Distributions to the Members in liquidation or dissolution of the Company shall be made to the Members in accordance with the provisions of Section 6.06.

 

11.02       Winding Up and Articles of Dissolution. The winding up of the Company shall be completed when all debts, liabilities and obligations of the Company have been paid and discharged or reasonably adequate provision therefor has been made, and all of the remaining assets of the Company have been distributed as provided for in Sections 11.01(c) and (d). Within ninety (90) days following the dissolution and the commencement of the winding up of the Company, or at any time there are no Members, articles of dissolution, which shall set forth the information required by the Act, shall be filed in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in accordance with the Act.

 

12.            Representations and warranties

 

12.01       Representations and Warranties.

 

(a)            Each Party represents and warrants to the Company and to each other Party as follows:

 

(i)            Such Party has all the requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Party, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, does not conflict with or contravene the provisions of its organizational documents or any agreement or instrument by which it or its properties are bound or any law, rule, regulation, order or decree to which it or its properties are subject.

 

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(ii)            All acts and other proceedings required to be taken by such Party to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly and properly taken.

 

(iii)          This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by such Party and constitutes the legal, valid and binding obligation of such Party, enforceable against such Party in accordance with its terms, except as may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency and other similar laws and general equitable principles.

 

(iv)          Such Party has obtained all approvals and consents required to be obtained by it in connection with the execution and delivery of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby from all governmental authorities having any approval rights with respect thereto, and all persons having consent rights.

 

(v)           Such Party is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of formation with all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to conduct the business of the Company.

 

(vi)          Such Party has the financial ability to bear the economic risk of its participation in the Company, has the capacity to protect its own interests and has reviewed the risks and merits of its participation in the Company with its counsel and advisors.

 

(vi)          Such Party is, and all times while it holds interests in or otherwise participates in the Company and its Subsidiaries will remain, in compliance with the USA Patriot Act of 2001, as amended (the “Patriot Act”). The amounts contributed to the Company and its Subsidiaries by such Party that is a Member were not and are not directly or indirectly derived from activities that may contravene federal, state or foreign law, including anti-money laundering laws and regulations. To the best of such Party’s knowledge, none of (A) such Party, (B) any Person Controlling or Controlled by such Party, (C) any Person having beneficial interest in such Party, nor (D) any person for which such Party is acting as agent, nominee, trustee, or fiduciary in connection with the Company is a country, territory, individual or entity named on any list maintained or administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”), nor is any such Person prohibited from participating in the Company or any Subsidiary or doing business with such Party under any programs administered by OFAC. Such Party understands that federal regulations and Executive Orders administered by OFAC prohibit, among other things, the engagement in transactions with, and the provision of services to, certain foreign countries, territories, entities and individuals and that the lists of OFAC prohibited countries, territories, persons and entities can be found on the OFAC website at www.treas.gov/ofac.

 

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(vii)         At all times while such Party holds interests in or otherwise participates in the Company and its Subsidiaries, (1) such Party is not, and no portion of the assets used by such Party to acquire or hold any Interest in the Company constitutes “plan assets” within the meaning of 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101, as modified by Section 3(42) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)) (2) either (a) such Party is not a “governmental plan” within the meaning of Section 3(32) of ERISA or an entity deemed to hold the assets thereof under applicable law, or (b) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereunder are consistent with and do not violate any state laws, rules, or regulations regulating the investments of or fiduciary obligations with respect to such Party or its assets, and (c) neither the Company nor any person managing or administering the assets of the Company will be subject to any such laws, rules or regulations solely as a result of an investment in the Company by such Party.

 

(b)            Each Party agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the other Parties, and the Affiliates of all of the foregoing and their respective officers, directors, shareholders, partners, members, employees, successors and assigns from and against any and all actual loss, damage, liability or expense (including costs and attorneys’ fees) which they may incur by reason of, or in connection with, any material breach of the representations and warranties by such Party in this Article 12, and all such representations and warranties shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement.

 

13.            Miscellaneous

 

13.01       Intentionally Omitted.

 

13.02       Standard of Care. The Manager shall at all times act in good faith and in the best interests of the Company. In managing the affairs of the Company and in its dealings with the Members, the Manager shall be bound by the following duties: (i) a duty of loyalty, which requires the Manager to carry out its responsibilities with loyalty, honesty, good faith and fairness toward the Company and the Members, and (ii) a duty of care, which requires the Manager to discharge its duties with the diligence, care and skill that an ordinarily prudent institutional real estate investment manager in a like position would exercise under similar circumstances. The Manager and each Member confirms that the Members do not owe any fiduciary duty or any other duty to the Manager or any other Member. Whenever a Member who is not the Manager is permitted or required by this Agreement to make a decision in its “sole discretion”, “sole and absolute discretion” or “discretion”, such Member may consider any interests and factors that such Member desires (including, without limitation, such Member’s own interests and interests and factors that are unrelated to the Company and/or the Subsidiary), and to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, is under no duty or obligation to give any consideration to any other interests of, or factors affecting, the Company, the Subsidiary or any other Member or Person. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the provisions of this Agreement, to the extent that they restrict or eliminate the duties (including fiduciary duties) and liability of a Member otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by each Member to replace such other duties and liabilities of such Member.

 

13.03       Intentionally Omitted.

 

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13.04       Notices. Unless otherwise provided herein, all notices, requests, demands, claims and other communications provided for under the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing. Any such written notice, request, demand, claim or other communication hereunder shall be sent by (i) personal delivery (including receipted courier service) or overnight delivery service, with confirmation of receipt, (ii) by electronic email transmission (pdf), (iii) reputable commercial overnight delivery service courier, with confirmation of receipt, or (iv) registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid and addressed to the intended recipient as set forth below:

 

If to SL  
Member One Sun Life Executive Park, SC: 3093 
  Wellesley Hills, MA 02481

 

If to SP II Member: c/o BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership 
  399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor 
  New York, NY 10022

 

If to BGO Manager: c/o BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership 
  399 Park Avenue, 18th Floor 
  New York, NY 10022

 

With a copy to: Goodwin Procter LLP 
  601 South Figueroa Street 
  Los Angeles, CA 90017 
  Attention: Chauncey Swalwell 
  Email: cswalwell@goodwinlaw.com

 

All such notices, requests, consents and other communications shall be deemed to have been given when received. Either party may change its email address or its address to which notices, requests, demands, claims and other communications hereunder are to be delivered by giving the other parties hereto notice in the manner then set forth. Any counsel designated above or any replacement counsel who may be designated respectively by any Member or such counsel by written notice to the other parties is hereby authorized to give notices hereunder on behalf of its respective client.

 

13.05       Further Assurances. Each Member agrees to execute, acknowledge, deliver, file, record and publish such further instruments and documents, and do all such other acts and things as may be required by law, or as may be required to carry out the intent and purposes of this Agreement.

 

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13.06       Captions. All titles or captions contained in this Agreement are inserted only as a matter of convenience and for reference and in no way define, limit, extend, or describe the scope of this Agreement or the intent of any provision in this Agreement.

 

13.07       Pronouns. All pronouns and any variations thereof shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, and neuter, singular and plural, as the identity of the party or parties may require.

 

13.08       Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective executors, administrators, legal representatives, heirs, successors and permitted assigns, and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and, except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, their respective executors, administrators, legal representatives, heirs, successors and permitted assigns.

 

13.09       Extension Not a Waiver. No delay or omission in the exercise of any power, remedy or right herein provided or otherwise available to a Member or the Company shall impair or affect the right of such Member or the Company thereafter to exercise the same. Any extension of time or other indulgence granted to a Member hereunder shall not otherwise alter or affect any power, remedy or right of any other Member or of the Company, or the obligations of the Member to whom such extension or indulgence is granted.

 

13.10       No Third Party Rights. Except as expressly provided herein or in the Act, this Agreement is for the sole benefit of the Members and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and shall not confer directly, indirectly, contingently, or otherwise, any rights or benefits on any Person other than the Members and their permitted successors and assigns.

 

13.11       Severability. In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement or any application thereof shall be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein and other application thereof shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby.

 

13.12       Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the parties hereto, and supersedes all prior representations, agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof.

 

13.13       Counterparts.

 

(a)            This Agreement and any amendment hereto may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which taken together shall constitute one agreement (or amendment, as applicable).

 

(b)            The exchange of counterparts of this Agreement among the parties by means of electronic email transmission (pdf) which shall contain authentic reproductions shall constitute a valid exchange of this Agreement and shall be binding upon the parties hereto.

 

13.14       Survival. It is the express intention and agreement of the Members that all covenants, agreements, statements, representations, warranties and indemnities made in this Agreement shall survive the execution and delivery of this Agreement. This provision shall not create any express or implied third-party beneficiary rights on the part of any other Person.

 

39

 

13.15       Confidentiality. Each Member shall keep confidential and shall not disclose, or permit the disclosure of, any information or materials relating to the Company and its investments and activities that are not generally known to the public or which the Members believe should remain confidential or are required by law or agreement to remain confidential; provided that a Member may disclose such confidential information upon prior written notice to the other Member to the extent (i) the disclosure of such information or materials is expressly required by law; (ii) the information or materials become publicly known other than through the actions or inactions of such Member or its Affiliates, employees, financial sources, representatives, agents, actual or potential permitted investors, permitted transferees or attorneys or violations of this Agreement or any other obligations of confidentiality of such Member; (iii) the disclosure of such information and materials by such Member is to its Affiliates, employees, financial sources, representatives, auditors, agents, actual or potential permitted investors, permitted transferees or attorneys; (iv) disclosure as required by governmental regulatory agencies (including tax authorities in connection with an audit or other similar examination of such Member), self-regulating bodies, law, legal process, or litigation in which such Member is a defendant, plaintiff or other named party; provided, that in each case the Manager is, to the extent practicable, given prior notice of any such required disclosure; or (v) such other Member consents in writing to such disclosure.

 

13.16       Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the law of the State of Delaware without giving effect to any principles of conflicts of laws. ANY LEGAL SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING AGAINST A PARTY HERETO ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE INSTITUTED EXCLUSIVELY IN THE CHANCERY COURTS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, AND EACH PARTY WAIVES ANY OBJECTIONS WHICH IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE BASED ON VENUE AND/OR FORUM NON CONVENIENS OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING, AND EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING. EACH PARTY HEREBY WAIVES ANY RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY.

 

13.17      Amendments. This Agreement may be not be amended, modified or terminated, nor may any provision hereof be waived, except by an instrument in writing executed by Manager and Members or, in the case of a waiver, the party against whom such waiver may be asserted.

 

13.18       Specific Performance. The parties recognize that irreparable injury will result from a breach of a provision in this Agreement and that money damages may be inadequate to fully remedy the injury. Accordingly, in the event of a breach or threatened breach of one or more provisions of this Agreement, any party who may be injured shall, in addition to and not in limitation of any and all other remedies otherwise available at law and/or in equity, be entitled to one or more preliminary or permanent orders (i) restraining and enjoining any act which would constitute a breach or (ii) compelling the performance of any obligation which, if not performed, would constitute a breach, provided that the party that does not prevail in such action shall be solely responsible for the prevailing party’s reasonable legal fees and other costs and expenses incurred in connection with the proceeding or action.

 

40

 

[The remainder of this page is left intentionally blank]

 

41

 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof.

 

  BGO Manager:
   
  BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership 
  a Delaware limited partnership
   
  By: BentallGreenOak (U.S.) GP LLC 
    a Delaware limited liability company 
    its general partner
   
  By:  /s/ John Clinton Hinds, Jr.
  Name:  John Clinton Hinds, Jr.
  Title: Managing Director
   
  By:  /s/ Steve Reents
  Name:  Steve Reents
  Title: Managing Partner
     
     
  [signature pages continue]

 

Signature Page to BGO Genesis Holding LLC Agreement 

 

  SL Member:
   
  Sun Life (U.S.) HoldCo 2020, Inc.
   
  By: /s/ Michael Elkas 
  Name: Michael Elkas 
  Title: Authorized Signer
   
  By: /s/ Tom Murphy 
  Name: Tom Murphy 
  Title: Authorized Signer
     
     
  [signatures continue]

 

Signature Page to BGO Genesis Holding LLC Agreement 

 

  SP II Member:
   
  Strategic Partners II Genesis, LLC 
  a Delaware limited liability company
   
  By: Strategic II, LLC, 
    a Delaware limited liability company 
    its sole member
   
  By: BentallGreenOak (U.S.) Limited Partnership 
    a Delaware limited partnership 
    its manager
   
  By: BentallGreenOak (U.S.) GP LLC 
    a Delaware limited liability company 
    its general partner
   
  By:  /s/ John Clinton Hinds, Jr.
  Name:  John Clinton Hinds, Jr.
  Title: Managing Director
   
  By:  /s/ Steve Reents
  Name:  Steve Reents
  Title: Managing Partner
   
  [end of signatures]

 

Signature Page to BGO Genesis Holding LLC Agreement

 

SCHEDULE A

 

Property Owners, Property Owner Parents and Properties

 

Property Owner (state of formation) Property
Horizons Industrial I, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 1

4780 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial II, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 2

4950 Northwest 42nd Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial III, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 3

4825 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial IV, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 4

4600 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial V, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building

4400 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial VI, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 6

4525 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial VII, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 7

4960 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial VIII, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 8

5555 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial IX, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 9

4110 Northwest Helena Road

Riverside, Missouri

Horizons Industrial X, LLC (DE)

Horizons Building 10

4950 Northwest 41st Street

Riverside, Missouri

NP Rinck Farm, LLC (DE)

West Chester Trade Building 1

8586 Trade Center Drive West

West Chester, Ohio

 

West Chester Trade Building 2

8556 Trade Center Drive West

West Chester, Ohio

 

West Chester Trade Building 3

8531 Trade Center Drive West

West Chester, Ohio

 

West Chester Trade Building 4

8511 Trade Center Drive West

West Chester, Ohio 

 

Schedule to BGO Genesis Holding LLC Agreement

 

NP Brate Farm, LLC (DE)

West Chester Trade Building 5

4692 Brate Drive

West Chester, Ohio

 

West Chester Trade Building 6

4664 Brate Drive

West Chester, Ohio

 

West Chester Trade Building 7

4600 Brate Drive

West Chester, Ohio

NP Brate Industrial 2, LLC (DE) *

West Chester Trade Building 8

4591 Brate Drive

West Chester, Ohio

 

West Chester Trade Building 9

4583 Brate Drive

West Chester, Ohio

NP Hazelwood 370 Building I, LLC (MO) **

Hazelwood Building 1

4801 Trade Access Boulevard

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building II, LLC (MO) ***

Hazelwood Building 2

4806 Trade Access Boulevard

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building III, LLC (MO) ***

Hazelwood Building 3

1601 Tradeport Drive

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building IV, LLC (MO) **

Hazelwood Building 4

1500 and 1550 Tradeport Drive

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building 5, LLC (DE) **

Hazelwood Building 5

1575 Tradeport Drive

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building 6, LLC (DE) **

Hazelwood Building 6

1555 Tradeport Drive

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

 

 

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building 7, LLC (DE) **

Hazelwood Building 7

1600 Tradeport Drive

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building 9, LLC (DE) **

Hazelwood Building 9

4690 Tradeport Industrial Court

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

NP Hazelwood 370 Building 10, LLC (DE) **

Hazelwood Building 10

4690 Tradeport Industrial Court

Hazelwood, Missouri

 

NP Hazelwood Land Holdings, LLC (MO) Land Parcel and Common Areas
NP Kenosha Industrial, LLC (DE)

Heartland Building 94

8311 38th Street

Kenosha, Wisconsin 

 

* Property Owner Parent is NP Brate Farm, LLC, which will distribute 100% of its interest in each Property Owner denoted with * to the Investment JV substantially simultaneously with closing of the investment.

 

** Property Owner Parent is Hazelwood Land Holdings, LLC, which will distribute 100% of its interest in each Property Owner denoted with ** to the Investment JV substantially simultaneously with closing of the investment.

 

*** Property Owner Parent is NP Hazelwood Holdings, LLC, which will distribute 100% of its interest in each Property Owner denoted with *** to the Investment JV substantially simultaneously with closing of the investment.

 

Schedule to BGO Genesis Holding LLC Agreement

 

SCHEDULE B

 

Initial Capital Contributions

 

Members  Initial Capital Contribution   Funding Percentage 
SL Member
Preferred Equity
  $130,000,000.00    56.5217%
SP II Member
Common Equity
  $100,000,000.00    43.4783%
TOTAL  $230,000,000.00    100%

 

Schedule to BGO Genesis Holding LLC Agreement 

 

SCHEDULE C

 

BGO Genesis Holding, LLC

 

[ADDRESS]

 

[*]

 

BGO REIT Operating Partnership LP 

[Address]

 

Ladies and Gentlemen:

 

Reference is made to the Limited Liability Company Agreement of NP BGO NTR Portfolio, LLC (the “JV”), as amended from time to time, by and between BGO Genesis Holding LLC (the “Investor”) and the other parties thereto, dated as of [*] (the “JV Agreement”), pursuant to which the Investor, now an indirect subsidiary of BGO REIT Operating Partnership LP (the “Company”), acquired on the date of the JV Agreement an indirect interest in the Properties (as defined in the JV Agreement) and intends to continue to own an indirect interest in each Property, through the JV’s subsidiaries (and now the Company’s indirect subsidiaries), including the parties listed on Schedule A hereto (each, a “Property Owner” and collectively, the “Property Owners”). As of the date hereof, each Property Owner holds, as its only asset (other than assets necessary or incidental to ownership and operation of each Property), fee simple title to, or a long-term leasehold interest in, each Property. For good and valuable consideration acknowledged to have been received in connection with such acquisition, the Investor hereby agrees that in addition to, and without prejudice to, or limitation on, any of the rights of the Company with respect to its direct or indirect interest in the Investor, for so long as the Company continues to hold an interest in the Investor, the Company shall have the right to:

 

•       be routinely provided with the information set forth in, and consult with the Investor with respect to, those matters described in any property management or asset management agreements in place in relation to each Property, from time to time;

 

•       receive copies of all reports relating to the management and/or development of each Property, including management and development services provided by the Property Owner, property manager, and any other third party retained by, or on behalf of, any Property Owner;

 

•       make recommendations to the Investor, relating to the management or development activities with respect to the Property;

 

•       participate in any decisions with respect to the retention or termination of the services of any property manager or asset manager with respect to each Property;

 

•       consult with appropriate officers of the Investor in advance with respect to any significant management and development matters including, without limitation, the management, participatory and development rights retained by any Property Owner under any property management agreement or asset management agreement relating to each Property, and the exercise of any significant rights by the Property Owner under any lease relating to each Property; and

 

Schedule to BGO Genesis Holding LLC Agreement

 

•       such other consultation and participation rights with respect to each Property as may be reasonably determined by the Company to be necessary for the Company to qualify as a “real estate operating company” for purposes of the United States Department of Labor Regulation published at 29 C.F.R. Section 2510.3-101(d)(3)(a “REOC”).

 

The Investor agrees to follow the recommendations of the Company hereunder in connection with the matters on which it is consulted as described above.

 

In the event the Company transfers all or any portion of its direct or indirect investment in the Investor to an affiliated entity (or to a direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of any such affiliated entity) that is intended to qualify as a REOC, such affiliated entity shall be afforded the same rights with respect to each Property, as is afforded to the Company hereunder and shall be treated, for such purposes, as a third party beneficiary hereunder.

 

This letter agreement and the rights and the duties of the parties hereto shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of New York and may be executed in counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

 

[Signature pages to follow]

 

 

  Very truly yours,
   
  BGO Genesis Holding, LLC
     
  By:                                      
  Name:  
  Title:  

 

 

Acknowledged and Agreed:  
   
BGO REIT Operating Partnership LP  
   
By:                        
Name:     
Title:    

 

 

SCHEDULE A

 

[PROPERTY OWNERS]

 

 

EX-21.1 16 tm2226053d12_ex21-1.htm EXHIBIT 21.1

Exhibit 21.1

 

List of Subsidiaries

 

Name of Subsidiary Jurisdiction of Organization
BGO IREIT Operating Partnership LP Delaware

 

 

 

EX-23.1 17 tm2226053d12_ex23-1.htm EXHIBIT 23.1

 

Exhibit 23.1

 

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to the use of our report dated April 10, 2023, in the Registration Statement (Form S-11) and related Prospectus of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

New York, New York

 

May 12, 2023

 

 

 

EX-23.2 18 tm2226053d12_ex23-2.htm EXHIBIT 23.2

 

Exhibit 23.2

 

Consent of Independent Auditors

 

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption "Experts" and to the use of our report dated April 10, 2023, with respect to combined statement of revenues and certain expenses of the Seed Portfolio included in the Registration Statement (Form S-11) and related Prospectus of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

New York, New York

 

May 12, 2023

 

 

 

EX-23.5 19 tm2226053d12_ex23-5.htm EXHIBIT 23.5

 

Exhibit 23.5

 

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT VALUATION ADVISOR

 

We hereby consent to the reference to our name (including under the heading “Experts”) and the description of our role under the headings “Prospectus Summary—Q: How will your NAV per share be calculated?,” “Net Asset Value Calculation and Valuation Guidelines⸻Our Independent Valuation Advisor” and “Experts” being included in the Registration Statement on Form S-11 of BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc., to be filed on the date hereof, and in the prospectus to be included therein.

 

In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

/s/ Altus Group U.S. Inc.  
Altus Group U.S. Inc.  
New York, New York  
   
May 12, 2022  

 

 

 

EX-FILING FEES 20 tm2226053d12_ex-filingfees.htm EX-FILING FEES

 

Exhibit 107

 

Calculation of Filing Fee Tables

Form S-11

(Form Type)

BGO Industrial Real Estate Income Trust, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Governing Instruments)

 

Table 1-Newly Registered and Carry Forward Securities

 

  Security
Type
Security
Class
Title  
Fee
Calculation
or Carry
Forward
Rule
Amount
Registered
Proposed
Maximum
Offering
Price Per
Unit
Maximum
Aggregate
Offering Price
Fee Rate Amount of
Registration
Fee
Carry
Forward
Form
Type
Carry
Forward
File
Number
Carry
Forward
Initial
Effective
Date
Filing Fee
Previously
Paid In
Connection
with
Unsold
Securities
to be
Carried
Forward
Newly Registered Securities
Fees to Be Paid   Equity Class T Common Stock; Class S Common Stock; Class D Common Stock; Class I Common Stock, 457(o) —   —   $5,000,000,000 $110.20 $551,000 —   —   —   —  
Fees Previously Paid   —   —   457(o) —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —  
Fees Previously Paid   —   —   457(o) —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —  
Carry Forward Securities
Carry Forward Securities   —   —   415(a)(6) —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —  
  Total Offering Amounts  —   $5,000,000,000 —   —   —   —   —   —  
  Total Fees Previously Paid  —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —  
  Total Fee Offsets  —   —   —   —   —   —   —   —  
  Net Fee Due  —   $551,000  —   —   —   —   —   —  

 

 

 

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