Commitments and Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Commitments and Contingencies
Commitments and Contingencies	9. Commitments and Contingencies Insurance The Company maintains a program of insurance coverage for a broad range of risks in its business. The Company has renewed its general, professional and managed care liability insurance policies with unaffiliated insurers for a one-year period from June 17, 2017 to June 17, 2018. The general liability policy is written on an “occurrence” basis, subject to a $0.05 million per claim un‑aggregated self‑insured retention. The professional liability and managed care errors and omissions liability policies are written on a “claims‑made” basis, subject to a $1.0 million per claim ($10.0 million per class action claim) un‑aggregated self‑insured retention for managed care errors and omissions liability, and a $0.05 million per claim un‑aggregated self‑insured retention for professional liability. The Company maintains a separate general and professional liability insurance policy with an unaffiliated insurer for its specialty pharmaceutical dispensing operations. The specialty pharmaceutical dispensing operations insurance policy has a one-year term for the period June 17, 2017 to June 17, 2018. The general liability policy is written on an “occurrence” basis and the professional liability policy is written on a “claims‑made” basis, subject to a $0.05 million per claim and $0.25 million aggregated self‑insured retention. The Company is responsible for claims within its self-insured retentions, and for portions of claims reported after the expiration date of the policies if they are not renewed, or if policy limits are exceeded. The Company also purchases excess liability coverage in an amount that management believes to be reasonable for the size and profile of the organization. Regulatory Issues The managed healthcare industry is subject to numerous laws and regulations. The subjects of such laws and regulations cover, but are not limited to, matters such as licensure, accreditation, government healthcare program participation requirements, information privacy and security, reimbursement for patient services, and Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse. Over the past several years, government activity has increased with respect to investigations and/or allegations concerning possible violations of fraud and abuse and false claims statutes and/or regulations by healthcare organizations and insurers. Entities that are found to have violated these laws and regulations may be excluded from participating in government healthcare programs, subjected to fines or penalties or required to repay amounts received from the government for previously billed patient services. Compliance with such laws and regulations can be subject to future government review and interpretation, as well as regulatory actions unknown or unasserted at this time. In addition, regulators of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries may exercise certain discretionary rights under regulations including increasing their supervision of such entities, requiring additional restricted cash or other security or seizing or otherwise taking control of the assets and operations of such subsidiaries. The Company is subject to certain federal laws and regulations in connection with its contracts with the federal government. These laws and regulations affect how the Company conducts business with its federal agency customers and may impose added costs on its business. The Company’s failure to comply with federal procurement laws and regulations could cause it to lose business, incur additional costs and subject it to a variety of civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, harm to reputation, suspension of payments, fines, and suspension or debarment from doing business with federal government agencies. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, AFSC, conducts business with federal agency customers and federal contractors to such agencies. The Company is currently in the process of conducting an investigation into matters relating to compliance by AFSC with Small Business Administration (“SBA”) regulations and other federal laws applicable to government contractors, and the Company intends to make its findings available to the SBA during and upon concluding the investigation. The results of this investigation may give rise to contingencies, if any, that could require us to record balance sheet liabilities or accrue expenses, the amounts of which we are not able to currently estimate. For 2017 AFSC’s total revenue comprised approximately 3% of the total revenues of the Company. Legal The Company’s operating activities entail significant risks of liability. From time to time, the Company is subject to various actions and claims arising from the acts or omissions of its employees, network providers or other parties. In the normal course of business, the Company receives reports relating to deaths and other serious incidents involving patients whose care is being managed by the Company. Such incidents occasionally give rise to malpractice, professional negligence and other related actions and claims against the Company or its network providers. Many of these actions and claims received by the Company seek substantial damages and therefore require the Company to incur significant fees and costs related to their defense. The Company is also subject to or party to certain class actions and other litigation and claims relating to its operations or business practices. The Company has recorded reserves that, in the opinion of management, are adequate to cover litigation, claims or assessments that have been or may be asserted against the Company, and for which the outcome is probable and reasonably estimable. Management believes that the resolution of such litigation and claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations; however, there can be no assurance in this regard. Operating Leases The Company leases certain of its operating facilities and equipment. The leases, which expire at various dates through November 2025, generally require the Company to pay all maintenance, property tax and insurance costs. At December 31, 2017, aggregate amounts of future minimum payments under operating leases were as follows: 2018—$20.8 million; 2019—$18.8 million; 2020—$14.3 million; 2021—$10.9 million; 2022—$9.1 million; 2023 and beyond—$9.9 million. Operating lease obligations include estimated future lease payments for both open and closed offices. At December 31, 2017, aggregate amounts of future minimum rentals to be received under operating subleases were as follows: 2018—$0.3 million; and 2019—$0.1 million. Operating sublease rentals to be received mainly relate to a portion of the Company’s former headquarters. Rent expense is recognized on a straight‑line basis over the terms of the leases. Rent expense was $15.2 million, $16.2 million and $19.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Capital Leases At December 31, 2017, aggregate future amounts of minimum payments under capital leases, net of leasehold improvement allowances, were as follows: 2018—$4.9 million; 2019—$3.1 million; 2020—$3.6 million; 2021—$3.6 million; 2022—$3.7 million; 2023 and beyond—$7.6 million. Included in the future amounts payable under capital lease commitments is imputed interest of $3.6 million.

9. Commitments and Contingencies

Insurance

The Company maintains a program of insurance coverage for a broad range of risks in its business. The Company has renewed its general, professional and managed care liability insurance policies with unaffiliated insurers for a one-year period from June 17, 2017 to June 17, 2018. The general liability policy is written on an “occurrence” basis, subject to a $0.05 million per claim un‑aggregated self‑insured retention. The professional liability and managed care errors and omissions liability policies are written on a “claims‑made” basis, subject to a $1.0 million per claim ($10.0 million per class action claim) un‑aggregated self‑insured retention for managed care errors and omissions liability, and a $0.05 million per claim un‑aggregated self‑insured retention for professional liability.

The Company maintains a separate general and professional liability insurance policy with an unaffiliated insurer for its specialty pharmaceutical dispensing operations. The specialty pharmaceutical dispensing operations insurance policy has a one-year term for the period June 17, 2017 to June 17, 2018. The general liability policy is written on an “occurrence” basis and the professional liability policy is written on a “claims‑made” basis, subject to a $0.05 million per claim and $0.25 million aggregated self‑insured retention.

The Company is responsible for claims within its self-insured retentions, and for portions of claims reported after the expiration date of the policies if they are not renewed, or if policy limits are exceeded. The Company also purchases excess liability coverage in an amount that management believes to be reasonable for the size and profile of the organization.

Regulatory Issues

The managed healthcare industry is subject to numerous laws and regulations. The subjects of such laws and regulations cover, but are not limited to, matters such as licensure, accreditation, government healthcare program participation requirements, information privacy and security, reimbursement for patient services, and Medicare and Medicaid fraud and abuse. Over the past several years, government activity has increased with respect to investigations and/or allegations concerning possible violations of fraud and abuse and false claims statutes and/or regulations by healthcare organizations and insurers. Entities that are found to have violated these laws and regulations may be excluded from participating in government healthcare programs, subjected to fines or penalties or required to repay amounts received from the government for previously billed patient services. Compliance with such laws and regulations can be subject to future government review and interpretation, as well as regulatory actions unknown or unasserted at this time.

In addition, regulators of certain of the Company’s subsidiaries may exercise certain discretionary rights under regulations including increasing their supervision of such entities, requiring additional restricted cash or other security or seizing or otherwise taking control of the assets and operations of such subsidiaries.

The Company is subject to certain federal laws and regulations in connection with its contracts with the federal government. These laws and regulations affect how the Company conducts business with its federal agency customers and may impose added costs on its business. The Company’s failure to comply with federal procurement laws and regulations could cause it to lose business, incur additional costs and subject it to a variety of civil and criminal penalties and administrative sanctions, including termination of contracts, forfeiture of profits, harm to reputation, suspension of payments, fines, and suspension or debarment from doing business with federal government agencies. The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, AFSC, conducts business with federal agency customers and federal contractors to such agencies. The Company is currently in the process of conducting an investigation into matters relating to compliance by AFSC with Small Business Administration (“SBA”) regulations and other federal laws applicable to government contractors, and the Company intends to make its findings available to the SBA during and upon concluding the investigation. The results of this investigation may give rise to contingencies, if any, that could require us to record balance sheet liabilities or accrue expenses, the amounts of which we are not able to currently estimate. For 2017 AFSC’s total revenue comprised approximately 3% of the total revenues of the Company.

Legal

The Company’s operating activities entail significant risks of liability. From time to time, the Company is subject to various actions and claims arising from the acts or omissions of its employees, network providers or other parties. In the normal course of business, the Company receives reports relating to deaths and other serious incidents involving patients whose care is being managed by the Company. Such incidents occasionally give rise to malpractice, professional negligence and other related actions and claims against the Company or its network providers. Many of these actions and claims received by the Company seek substantial damages and therefore require the Company to incur significant fees and costs related to their defense.

The Company is also subject to or party to certain class actions and other litigation and claims relating to its operations or business practices. The Company has recorded reserves that, in the opinion of management, are adequate to cover litigation, claims or assessments that have been or may be asserted against the Company, and for which the outcome is probable and reasonably estimable. Management believes that the resolution of such litigation and claims will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations; however, there can be no assurance in this regard.

Operating Leases

The Company leases certain of its operating facilities and equipment. The leases, which expire at various dates through November 2025, generally require the Company to pay all maintenance, property tax and insurance costs.

At December 31, 2017, aggregate amounts of future minimum payments under operating leases were as follows: 2018—$20.8 million; 2019—$18.8 million; 2020—$14.3 million; 2021—$10.9 million; 2022—$9.1 million; 2023 and beyond—$9.9 million. Operating lease obligations include estimated future lease payments for both open and closed offices.

At December 31, 2017, aggregate amounts of future minimum rentals to be received under operating subleases were as follows: 2018—$0.3 million; and 2019—$0.1 million. Operating sublease rentals to be received mainly relate to a portion of the Company’s former headquarters.

Rent expense is recognized on a straight‑line basis over the terms of the leases. Rent expense was $15.2 million, $16.2 million and $19.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively.

Capital Leases

At December 31, 2017, aggregate future amounts of minimum payments under capital leases, net of leasehold improvement allowances, were as follows: 2018—$4.9 million; 2019—$3.1 million; 2020—$3.6 million; 2021—$3.6 million; 2022—$3.7 million; 2023 and beyond—$7.6 million. Included in the future amounts payable under capital lease commitments is imputed interest of $3.6 million.