The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the accrual for research and development expenses, valuation of forward contract and derivative liabilities, and determining the allocations of costs and expenses from the Former Parent. In addition, management’s assessment of the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern involves the estimation of the amount and timing of future cash inflows and outflows. Estimates are periodically reviewed in light of changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. The Company's cash equivalents are comprised of short-term money market funds and marketable securities that are highly liquid and readily convertible to known amounts of cash.

Restricted cash included in other current assets consists primarily of employee contributions to the Company's employee share purchase plan held for future purchases of the Company's outstanding shares. See Note 8, "Non-Cash Share-Based Compensation," for additional information on the Company's employee share purchase plan.

Restricted cash included in other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets primarily represents collateral held by banks for a letter of credit ("LOC") issued in connection with the leased office space in Yardley, Pennsylvania and LOCs issued in connection with the leased office and lab spaces in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. See Note 11, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional information on the real estate leases.

The following represents a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets to total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, in the consolidated statements of cash flows:


	December 31,
	2024		2023		2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	99,134	$	248,402	$	204,877
Restricted cash held on behalf of Former Parent	—		—		35,212
Restricted cash (included in other current assets)	275		1,318		117
Restricted cash (included in other non-current assets)	3,133		2,400		2,398
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period in the consolidated statement of cash flows	$	102,542	$	252,120	$	242,604

We invest our excess cash balances in marketable securities of highly rated financial institutions, which consist of investment-grade debt instruments. We seek to diversify our investments and limit the amount of investment concentrations for individual institutions, maturities and investment types. We classify marketable debt securities as available-for-sale and, accordingly, record such securities at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets. We classify

Unrealized gains and losses on our marketable debt securities that are deemed temporary are included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of shareholders’ equity. If any adjustment to fair value reflects a significant decline in the value of the security, we evaluate the extent to which the decline is determined to be other-than-temporary and would mark the security to market through a charge to our consolidated statement of operations. Credit losses are identified when we do not expect to receive cash flows sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of a security. In the event of a credit loss, only the amount associated with the credit loss is recognized in operating results, with the amount of loss relating to other factors recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income.

The Company evaluates certain of its financial and business development transactions to determine the accounting classification of equity linked instruments issued in those transactions. The Company first assesses whether a freestanding equity linked instrument meets liability classification in accordance with ASC 480-10 Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and ASC 815-40 Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity's Own Equity. Under ASC 480-10 an instrument is considered liability classified if the instrument is mandatorily redeemable, obligate the issuer to settle an instrument or the underlying shares by paying cash or other assets, or must or may require settlement by issuing variable number of shares.

If an instrument does not meet liability classification under ASC 480-10, the Company assesses the requirements under ASC 815-40, which states that contracts that require or may require net cash settlement are liabilities recorded at fair value. If the instrument does not require liability classification under ASC 815-40, in order to conclude equity classification, the Company assesses whether the instrument is indexed to its common stock and whether the instrument is classified as equity under ASC 815-40 or other applicable GAAP.

Equity linked instruments that are accounted for in accordance with ASC 815-40 are reported as liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Any change in fair value, as determined at each measurement period, is recorded as a component of other income, net on the consolidated statements of operations. Changes in fair value are reported on the consolidated statements of cash flows as change in fair value of forward contract and derivative liabilities.

The Company accounted for certain consideration agreed to in connection with the amendment, dated as of May 1, 2024 (the "Knopp Amendment"), to the Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 24, 2022 (the "Purchase Agreement") entered into with Knopp Biosciences, LLC ("Knopp") as derivative liabilities under ASC 815 (see Notes 4, "Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities" and 10, "License, Acquisitions and Other Agreements").

The Company evaluates warrants issued as either equity instruments, liabilities or derivative liabilities in accordance with ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity ("ASC 480") and/or ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging ("ASC 815"), depending on the specific terms of the warrant agreement.

The Company assessed the warrants issued to Knopp in May 2024 (the "Knopp Warrants") and concluded that they met the criteria for equity classification under ASC 480 and ASC 815. Accordingly, the Knopp Warrants were recorded within additional paid-in capital on the consolidated balance sheet at the time of issuance and are not subject to remeasurement. See Note 6, "Shareholders' Equity," for further detail on the Knopp Warrants.

Our consolidated financial statements include the operations of acquired businesses after the completion of the acquisitions. We account for acquired businesses using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, that assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date and that the fair value of acquired In-Process Research and Development ("IPR&D") be recorded on the balance sheet. Transaction costs are expensed as incurred. Any excess of the consideration transferred over the assigned values of the net assets acquired is recorded as goodwill. Contingent consideration in a business acquisition is included as part of the consideration transferred and is recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. Fair value of IPR&D and contingent consideration is generally estimated by using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow approach.

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated or amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. As of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company's property and equipment consisted of building and land, office and lab equipment, computer hardware and software, furniture and fixtures, and leasehold improvements.

Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included in loss from operations. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Property and equipment are monitored regularly for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable.

IPR&D that the Company acquires in conjunction with the acquisition of a business represents the fair value assigned to incomplete research projects which, at the time of acquisition, have not reached technological feasibility. The amounts are capitalized and accounted for as indefinite-lived intangible assets, subject to impairment testing until completion or abandonment of the projects. Upon successful completion of each project, the asset is classified as a definite-lived intangible and the Company will make a determination as to the then-useful life of the intangible asset, generally determined by the period in which the substantial majority of the cash flows are expected to be generated, and begin amortization.

The Company reviews amounts capitalized as acquired IPR&D for impairment annually, as of November 30, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets might not be recoverable. If impairment indicators are present, the Company performs a quantitative test that compares the fair value of the IPR&D intangible asset with its carrying value. If the fair value is less than the carrying amount, an impairment loss is recognized in operating results.

If the Company acquires an asset or group of assets that do not meet the definition of a business under applicable accounting standards, the acquired IPR&D is expensed on its acquisition date, unless it has an alternative future use. Future costs to develop these assets are recorded to research and development expense as they are incurred.

In January 2021, in connection with the Company's acquisition of Kleo Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Kleo”), it recorded intangible assets consisting of IPR&D assets of $18,400, which included an oncology therapeutic candidate entering Phase I clinical trials (BHV-1100) and a Multimodal Antibody Therapy Enhancer ("MATE") conjugation asset in the planning stage for clinical development, and goodwill of $1,390.

The Company reviews its long-lived assets for indicators of impairment at least annually, as of November 30, and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be recoverable. If such indicators are present, the Company assesses the recoverability of affected assets by determining whether the carrying value of such assets is less than the sum of the undiscounted future cash flows of the assets. If such assets are found not to be recoverable, the Company measures the amount of such impairment by comparing the carrying value of the assets

Certain assets and liabilities of the Company are carried at fair value under GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The Company has accounted for certain consideration agreed to in connection with the Knopp Amendment as forward contract liabilities, which are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. Any changes in fair value, as determined each measurement period, are recorded as a component of other income, net on the consolidated statements of operations. The fair value of the forward contract liabilities is determined based on significant inputs not observable in the market, and therefore represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuations are based on a Monte Carlo simulation of the Company's share price, which requires judgement and assumption on the volatility of Biohaven's share price, discounted to present value using a risk-free rate plus Biohaven specific credit risk since payable in a variable number of shares. (see Notes 4, "Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities" and 10, "License, Acquisitions and Other Agreements").

The Company determines if an arrangement contains a lease at the inception of a contract. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the remaining future minimum lease payments. If the interest rate implicit in the Company’s leases is not readily determinable, the Company utilizes an estimate of its incremental borrowing rate based on market sources including interest rates for companies with similar credit quality for agreements of similar duration, determined by class of underlying asset, to discount the lease payments. The right-of-use assets also include lease payments made before commencement and exclude lease incentives. The Company's lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. Lease expense for these short-term leases are expensed as incurred over the term of the lease.

Certain real estate leases require additional payments including reimbursement for real estate taxes, common area maintenance and insurance, which are expensed as incurred as variable lease costs. Other real estate leases contain one fixed lease payment that includes real estate taxes, common area maintenance and insurance. These fixed payments are considered part of the lease payment and included in the right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

Company for improvements to the underlying asset, if the payment relates to an asset of the lessor, are recorded as prepaid rent within other non-current assets in the consolidated balance sheets prior to lease commencement and on commencement, reclassified to the right-of-use asset. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had restricted cash of $3,133 included in other non-current assets in the consolidated financial statements, which represents collateral held by banks for letters of credit issued in connection with the leased office space in Yardley, Pennsylvania and leased office and lab spaces in Cambridge, Massachusetts and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Restricted cash is generally invested in time deposits and short-term money market funds. See Note 11, "Commitments and Contingencies," for additional information on real estate leases.

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses consist of costs incurred in performing research and development activities, including salaries, non-cash share-based compensation and benefits, third-party license fees, rent and operating expenses for leased lab facilities, and external costs of vendors engaged to conduct clinical development activities and clinical trials as well as to manufacture clinical trial materials. Prepayments for goods or services that will be used or rendered for future research and development activities are deferred and capitalized. Such amounts are recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the related services are performed, or until it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered or the services rendered.

The Company has entered into various research and development-related contracts. These agreements are cancellable, and related expenses are recorded as research and development expenses are incurred. The Company records accruals for estimated ongoing research costs. When evaluating the adequacy of the accrued liabilities, the Company analyzes progress of the studies or clinical trials, including the phase or completion of events, invoices received and contracted costs. Certain judgments and estimates are made in determining the accrued balances at the end of any reporting period. Actual results could differ from the Company's estimates. The Company's historical accrual estimates have not been materially different from the actual costs.

The financial statements of our subsidiaries with functional currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates for assets and liabilities, historical exchange rates for shareholders’ equity and weighted average exchange rates for operating results. The resulting translation gains and losses are included in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax, in shareholders’ equity.

For U.S. dollar functional currency subsidiaries, foreign currency assets and liabilities are remeasured into U.S. dollars at end-of-period exchange rates, except for nonmonetary balance sheet accounts which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Revenues and expenses are remeasured at average exchange rates in effect during each period, except for those expenses related to the nonmonetary balance sheet amounts which are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains or losses from foreign currency remeasurement are included in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company measures share options and restricted share unit awards granted to employees, non-employees, and directors based on the fair value on the date of the grant and recognizes compensation expense of those awards, over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. Generally, the Company issues share options and restricted share units with only service-based vesting conditions and records the expense for these awards using the straight-line method. The Company also issues share options with performance-based vesting conditions and records expense for these awards when the Company concludes that it is probable that the performance condition will be achieved.

The Company classifies non-cash share-based compensation expense in its consolidated statement of operations in the same manner in which the award recipient's payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipient's service payments are classified.

shares. Therefore, it estimates its expected share price volatility based on the historical volatility of publicly traded peer companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded share price. The expected term of all of the Company's share options has been determined utilizing the "simplified" method. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the award. Expected dividend yield is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends on common shares and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Prior to the Separation from the Former Parent on October 3, 2022, certain of the Company’s employees have historically participated in the Former Parent’s non-cash share-based compensation plans. Non-cash share-based compensation expense for periods prior to the Separation has been allocated to the Company based on a combination of specific identification and a proportionate cost allocation method.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the consolidated financial statements or in the Company's tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined on the basis of the differences between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in the provision for income taxes.

The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent it believes, based upon the weight of available evidence, that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income tax expense. Potential for recovery of deferred tax assets is evaluated by estimating the future taxable profits expected and considering prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The provision for income taxes includes the effects of applicable tax reserves, or unrecognized tax benefits, as well as the related net interest and penalties.

Basic net loss per common share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted-average shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of the diluted net loss per share calculation, common share options are considered to be common share equivalents but have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share, as their effect would be anti-dilutive for all periods presented. Therefore, basic and diluted net loss per share were the same for all periods presented.

Net loss per share for periods prior to the Separation from the Former Parent was calculated based on the 39,375,944 shares of the Company's common shares distributed to the Former Parent's shareholders at the time of the Distribution, including common shares issued in connection with Former Parent share options that were exercised on October 3, 2022 and common shares issued in connection with Former Parent restricted share units that vested on October 3, 2022. The same number of shares is being utilized for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for all periods presented prior to the Spin-Off.

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term debt securities. The Company maintains a portion of its cash deposits in government insured institutions in excess of government insured limits. The Company deposits its cash in financial institutions that it believes have high credit quality and has not experienced any losses on such accounts. The Company's cash management policy permits investments in U.S. federal government and federal agency securities, corporate bonds or commercial paper, supranational and sovereign obligations, certain qualifying money market mutual funds, certain repurchase agreements, and places restrictions on credit ratings, maturities, and concentration by type and issuer. The Company is exposed to

credit risk in the event of a default by the financial institutions holding its cash in excess of government insured limits and in the event of default by corporations and governments in which it holds investments in cash equivalents and short-term debt securities, to the extent recorded on the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company manages its operations as a single segment, focused on the discovery, development, and commercialization of life-changing treatments in key therapeutic areas, including immunology, neuroscience, and oncology for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. Consistent with our operational structure, the Company’s Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") manages and allocates resources at a consolidated level. See Note 14, "Segment Information" for further detail.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting—Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which expands reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments in ASU No. 2023-07 apply to public entities, including those with a single reportable segment, and are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2023-07 as of January 1, 2024, the primary impact of which was the disclosure of the significant segment expenses reviewed by the Company’s CODM. Refer to Note 14, "Segment Information" for disclosure of the information required under ASU 2023-07.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to improve the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. The ASU also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the impact ASU No. 2023-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements.