As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 20, 2022.

Registration No. 333-                

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

The Securities Act of 1933

QuantaSing Group Limited

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands	8200	Not Applicable
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

Room 710, 5/F, Building No. 1,

Zone No. 1, Ronghe Road

Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102

People’s Republic of China

+86-10 6493-8177

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Cogency Global Inc.

122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor

New York, NY 10168

(800) 221-0102

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Dan Ouyang, Esq.
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati
Professional Corporation
Unit 2901, 29F, Tower C, Beijing Yintai Centre
No. 2 Jianguomenwai Avenue
Chaoyang District, Beijing 100022
People’s Republic of China
+86-10 6529-8300 Benjamin Su, Esq. Daying Zhang, Esq. Latham & Watkins LLP 18th Floor, One Exchange Square 8 Connaught Place Central, Hong Kong +852 2912-2500

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:

As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company  ☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant will file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement will thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement will become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Subject to Completion, dated                     

American Depositary Shares

QuantaSing Group Limited

Representing                      Class A Ordinary Shares

This is an initial public offering of                      American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”) by QuantaSing Group Limited. Each ADS represents                      of our Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share. We anticipate that the initial public offering price per ADS will be between US$             and US$            .

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs. We have applied to list the ADSs on the Nasdaq Stock Market, under the symbol “QSG.”

Immediately prior to the completion of this offering, our issued and outstanding share capital will consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Mr. Peng Li, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, will beneficially own all of such issued Class B ordinary shares and will be able to exercise         % of the total voting power of such issued and outstanding share capital immediately following the completion of this offering, assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares have the same rights except for voting and conversion rights. Holder of each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote, and holder of each Class B ordinary share is entitled to ten votes. At the option of the holder of Class B ordinary shares, each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. For further information, see “Description of Share Capital.”

We are an “emerging growth company” as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, and, as such, may elect to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements in future reports after the completion of this offering.

Upon the completion of this offering, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under corporate governance rules of the Nasdaq Stock Market, because Mr. Peng Li, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, will beneficially own                % of our then issued and outstanding ordinary shares and will be able to exercise                % of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding ordinary shares immediately after the consummation of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs. As a result, Mr. Peng Li will have the ability to control or significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring approval by shareholders. For further information, see “Principal Shareholders” and “Risk Factor — Risks Related to the ADSs and this Offering — We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market listing rules and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.”

QuantaSing Group Limited is a Cayman Islands holding company and not a Chinese operating company. We carry out our business in China through our wholly-owned PRC subsidiary (“WFOE”) and its contractual arrangements, commonly known as the VIE structure, with a variable interest entity (the “VIE”) and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “affiliated entities”) based in China. The VIE structure is used to provide investors with exposure to foreign investment in China-based companies where the PRC law restricts direct foreign investment in certain operating companies, such as certain value-added telecommunication services and other internet related business. Neither QuantaSing Group Limited nor our WFOE owns any equity interests in the affiliated entities. Our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its nominee shareholder are not equivalent of an investment in the equity interest of the VIE, and investors may never hold equity interests in the Chinese operating companies, including the affiliated entities. Instead, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP in light of the VIE structure. Investors in the ADSs are purchasing the equity securities of QuantaSing Group Limited, the Cayman Islands holding company, rather than the equity securities of the affiliated entities. As used in this prospectus, “we,” “us,” “our company,” “our,” “QuantaSing,” or “QuantaSing Group” refers to QuantaSing Group Limited, together as a group with its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing the substantive operations and financial information relating to such operations of QuantaSing Group Limited and its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities as a whole, refers to QuantaSing Group Limited and its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities. The VIE structure involves unique risks to investors in the ADSs. It may not provide effective operational control over the affiliated entities and also faces risks and uncertainties associated with, among others, the interpretation and the application of the current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules to such contractual arrangements. As of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE and its nominee shareholder have not been tested in a court of law. If the PRC regulatory authorities find these contractual arrangements non-compliant with the restrictions on direct foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if the relevant PRC laws, regulations and rules or their interpretation change in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties or be forced to relinquish our interests in the VIE or forfeit our rights under the contractual arrangements. The PRC regulatory authorities could disallow the VIE structure at any time in the future, which would cause a material adverse change in our operations and cause the value of our securities you invested in this offering to significantly decline or become worthless. For further information, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”

We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China as we, through our WFOE and the affiliated entities, conduct our operations in China. We are subject to complex and evolving laws and regulations in China. The PRC government has indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers, and initiated various regulatory actions and made various public statements, some of which are published with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. For instance, we face risks associated with regulatory approvals on overseas offerings and oversight on cybersecurity and data privacy, which may impact our ability to conduct certain business, accept foreign investments, or list and conduct offerings on a U.S. or other foreign stock exchange. These risks could result in a material adverse change in our operations and the value of the ADSs, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors, or cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China.”

We are subject to a number of prohibitions, restrictions and potential delisting risk under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCAA”). Pursuant to the HFCAA and related regulations, if we have filed an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (the “PCAOB”) has determined that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely, the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) will identify us as a “Commission-identified Issuer,” and the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities exchange, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the United States, will be prohibited if we are identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for three consecutive years. There have been various initiatives to reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three to two years. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill known as the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act to that effect, and on February 4, 2022, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill which contained, among others, an identical provision. If this provision is enacted into law, our shares and ADSs could be prohibited from trading in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for two consecutive years. In August 2022, the PCAOB, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “CSRC”) and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC signed a Statement of Protocol (the “Statement of Protocol”), which establishes a specific and accountable framework for the PCAOB to conduct inspections and investigations of PCAOB-governed accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its previous 2021

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor’s control. The PCAOB continues to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has also indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect and investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in China and we fail to retain another registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB is able to inspect and investigate completely in 2023 and beyond, or if we otherwise fail to meet the PCAOB’s requirements, the ADSs will be delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market, and our shares and ADSs will not be permitted for trading over the counter in the United States under the HFCAA and related regulations. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The ADSs will be delisted and our shares and ADSs will be prohibited from trading in the over-the-counter market under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China for three consecutive years or, if proposed changes to the law are enacted, for two consecutive years. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”

Cash may be transferred among QuantaSing Group Limited, our WFOE and the VIE, in the following manners: (1) funds may be transferred to our WFOE from QuantaSing Group Limited as needed through our subsidiaries in the BVI and/or Hong Kong in the form of capital contribution or shareholder loan, as the case may be; (2) funds may be paid by the VIE to our WFOE, as service fees according to the contractual arrangements; (3) dividends or other distributions may be paid by our WFOE to QuantaSing Group Limited through our subsidiaries in Hong Kong and the BVI; and (4) our WFOE and the VIE may lend to and borrow from each other from time to time for business operation purposes. In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, and the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, the total amount of the service fees that the VIE paid to our WFOE under the contractual arrangements was RMB204.1 million, RMB239.6 million, RMB13.0 million, and RMB60.5 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2021 and 2022 and September 30, 2022, (1) the aggregate amount of capital contribution by EW Technology Limited to our subsidiaries in the BVI and Hong Kong was nil, RMB51.7 million and RMB51.7 million, respectively; (2) the aggregate amount of capital contribution by QuantaSing Group Limited to our subsidiaries in the BVI and Hong Kong was nil, RMB47.1 million and RMB47.1 million, respectively; (3) the aggregate amount of capital contribution by QuantaSing Group Limited to our WFOE through our subsidiaries in the BVI and Hong Kong was nil, RMB64.2 million and RMB64.2 million, respectively; and (4) the outstanding balance of the principal amount of loans by our WFOE to the VIE was RMB7.0 million, nil and nil, respectively; and (5) the outstanding balance of the principal amount of loans by the VIE to our WFOE was nil, RMB156.0 million, and RMB130.2 million, respectively. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, and the three months ended September 30, 2021, the net cash transferred by the VIE to our WFOE was nil, RMB156.0 million and RMB21.0 million, respectively, in addition to the service fees paid under the contractual arrangements. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the net cash repaid by our WFOE to the VIE was RMB25.8 million. In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, except as disclosed above, there was no other cash transfer within our organization, and no assets other than cash were transferred within our organization. As of the date of this prospectus, none of QuantaSing Group Limited, our WFOE and the VIE has paid any dividends or made any distributions to their respective shareholder(s), including any U.S. investors. For details, see “Prospectus Summary — Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data — Consolidated Financial Statements,” “Prospectus Summary — Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data — Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities” and “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure — Cash and asset flows through our organization.” We expect to continue to distribute earnings and settle the service fees owed under the VIE agreements at the request of our WFOE and based on our business needs, and we do not expect to declare dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently have not maintained any cash management policies that specifically dictate how funds shall be transferred among QuantaSing Group Limited, the subsidiaries of QuantaSing Group Limited (including our WFOE), the affiliated entities and investors. We will determine the payment of dividends and fund transfer based on our specific business needs in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. See “Prospectus Summary — Dividend Distribution and Taxation.”

To the extent our cash or assets in the business are in mainland China or Hong Kong or a mainland China or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of mainland China or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of QuantaSing Group Limited, our subsidiaries or the affiliated entities to transfer cash or assets. The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of RMB into foreign currencies and the remittance of funds out of China, which may restrict the transfer of cash between QuantaSing Group Limited, our subsidiaries, the affiliated entities or the investors. Under PRC laws and regulations, our WFOE and the affiliated entities are subject to certain restrictions with respect to payment of dividends or otherwise transfers of any of their net assets to us. Remittance of dividends by our WFOE out of China is also subject to certain procedures with the banks designated by the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange. These restrictions are benchmarked against the paid-up capital and the statutory reserve funds of our WFOE and the net assets of the VIE in which we have no legal ownership. While there are currently no such restrictions on foreign exchange and our ability to transfer cash or assets between QuantaSing Group Limited and our Hong Kong subsidiary, if certain PRC laws and regulations, including existing laws and regulations and those enacted or promulgated in the future were to become applicable to our Hong Kong subsidiary in the future, and to the extent our cash or assets are in Hong Kong or a Hong Kong entity, such funds or assets may not be available due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on our ability to transfer funds or assets by the PRC government. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on QuantaSing Group Limited, its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities to transfer or distribute cash within the organization, which could result in an inability of or prohibition on making transfers or distributions to entities outside of mainland China and Hong Kong. For details, see “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure — Cash and asset flows through our organization,” “Prospectus Summary — Risks and Challenges — Risks Related to Doing Business in China,” “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business,” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Restrictions on the remittance of Renminbi into and out of China and governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to pay dividends and other obligations, and affect the value of your investment.”

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 31 to read about factors you should consider before buying the ADSs.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

PRICE US$             PER ADS

	Per ADS	Total
Initial public offering price	US$	US$
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1)	US$	US$
Proceeds, before expenses to us(2)	US$	US$

(1) See the section titled “Underwriting” for a description of the compensation payable to the underwriters.

(2) Assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs.

The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional                     ADSs from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment in New York, on or about                     .

Citigroup CICC

Tiger Brokers

Prospectus dated                     

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY		1
THE OFFERING		18
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA		21
RISK FACTORS		31
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		89
USE OF PROCEEDS		90
DIVIDEND POLICY		91
CAPITALIZATION		92
DILUTION		95
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES		97
CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE		99
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		103
INDUSTRY OVERVIEW		133
BUSINESS		139
REGULATION		159
MANAGEMENT		174
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS		184
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS		188
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL		189
DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES		201
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE		213
TAXATION		215
UNDERWRITING		223
EXPENSES OF THE OFFERING		234
LEGAL MATTERS		235
EXPERTS		236
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION		237
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		F-1

Until                      (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any related free writing prospectus. We and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any related free writing prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy the ADSs, only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the ADSs.

Neither we nor the underwriters have taken any action to permit a public offering of the ADSs outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus or any filed free writing prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus or any filed free writing prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the ADSs and the distribution of this prospectus or any filed free writing prospectus outside the United States.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information that is presented in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in the ADSs. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections titled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. This prospectus contains information from an industry report commissioned by us and prepared by Frost & Sullivan, an independent research firm, to provide information regarding our industry and our market position. We refer to this report as the F&S report.

What We Envision

We believe that personal learning and development is a lifelong journey. Everyone, regardless of background, should be given an equal opportunity to pursue their interests, passions, and goals.

Our mission is to improve people’s quality of life and well-being by providing them lifelong personal learning and development opportunities.

Who We Are

QuantaSing Group is the largest online learning service provider in China’s adult learning market for personal interest courses and among the top five service providers in China’s total adult learning market, in terms of revenue in 2021, according to the F&S report. We offer easy-to-understand, affordable, and accessible online courses to adult learners under various brands, including QiNiu, JiangZhen, and QianChi, empowering them to pursue personal development.

We launched our financial literacy learning services in July 2019 and quickly became the largest online financial learning service provider for adults in China, with a market share of 36.9% in terms of revenue in 2021, according to the F&S report. In August 2021, we expanded our offerings into a selective repertoire of other personal interest courses beyond financial literacy, to leverage the general public’s gradual awakening to more diverse needs in pursuing personal development and lifelong learning. In February 2020, we launched our marketing services to financial intermediary enterprises, allowing them to connect with our learners to enlarge their customer base. In June 2022, we launched our enterprise talent management services to provide enterprise customers with online talent assessment, training and learning services for internal employee management. These services have enabled us to broaden our service offerings into enterprise customers and evolve into a two-sided service provider for both individuals and enterprises.

Our technology capability forms the bedrock of our business growth. We continuously invest in our proprietary technology and business intelligence, embedding them in every key aspect of our business operations, from content development, live streaming, pre-recording, and intelligent study toolkits, to customer engagement, sales conversion, and operation management. By adopting various self-developed smart tools, we can gain real-time business intelligence during our courses to improve our teaching quality and learner experience, upgrade and enrich our course offerings, and ultimately, enhance the sales conversion for additional and/or more advanced courses.

We have benefited from our agile and scalable business model and experienced a significant growth in our business since we launched our financial literacy learning services in July 2019. As of November 30, 2022, we had accumulated approximately 75.1 million registered users, quadrupling from 17.0 million as of June 30, 2021. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, we had approximately 1.1 million paying learners, representing a 37.5% increase from 0.8 million for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021. For the five months ended November 30, 2022,

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we had 0.5 million paying learners. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Key Operating Metrics” for details. Our total revenues were RMB1,759.9 million, RMB2,868.0 million (US$403.2 million), RMB744.0 million and RMB659.4 million (US$92.7 million) for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We incurred net loss of RMB316.0 million, RMB233.4 million (US$32.8 million), RMB77.9 million and RMB97.3 million (US$13.7 million) in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We had adjusted net loss of RMB214.2 million, adjusted net profit of RMB58.0 million (US$8.2 million) and adjusted net loss of RMB48.8 million and RMB50.9 million (US$7.2 million) in the same periods, respectively. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

What We Offer

We offer (1) online courses under various brands to individual adult learners and (2) marketing services and enterprise talent management services to enterprise customers.

We provide our financial literacy courses under the brand QiNiu to democratize financial learning for the mass market. Fewer than 35% adults in China were financially literate as of 2021, significantly lower than that in other large economies such as the United States (57%) or the United Kingdom (67%), according to the F&S report. This has created a robust demand for our financial literacy courses. QiNiu offers free or paid financial literacy courses at introductory, intermediate, and advanced levels, covering topics across personal finance and wealth management. As our largest brand, Qiniu had approximately 59.7 million registered users as of November 30, 2022 and 1.0 million paying learners for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, compared with approximately 17.0 million registered users as of June 30, 2021 and 0.8 million paying learners for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021. For the five months ended November 30, 2022, Qiniu had approximately 0.4 million paying learners.

We expanded our course offerings into other personal interest courses in August 2021. Leveraging our course development experience, well-designed technology infrastructure, and proven operating model from QiNiu, we quickly introduced our new brands, such as JiangZhen and QianChi, to provide other personal interest courses to adult learners. We have thoughtfully curated various trending courses, such as short video production courses, in response to the popularity of video blogging on social media, and personal well-being courses, in response to people’s increased awareness of healthy lifestyles, and electronic keyboard and Chinese painting courses, in response to people’s rising pursuits of personal hobbies. We, from time to time, adjust the course mix to capture the evolving market trends. We had quickly accumulated approximately 15.4 million registered users for other personal interest courses, as of November 30, 2022, and approximately 0.1 million and 0.1 million paying learners, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 and the five months ended November 30, 2022, respectively.

Our fast growing user base, which consists of a large and loyal paying learner base, coupled with proven technology and accumulated experience, creates an immense business opportunity for us to become a two-sided service provider, delivering services to both individual learners and enterprises. We launched our marketing services to financial intermediary enterprises in February 2020, allowing them to connect with our learners to enlarge their customer base. In June 2022, we launched our enterprise talent management services, offering systematic online talent assessment, training and learning services to enterprises for internal employee management. We are continuously exploring more diverse opportunities to leverage our large user base, proven technology, and accumulated experience in online learning markets and achieve greater synergy. For instance, we are in the process of developing technical and operating services to enterprises interested in developing their proprietary online learning platform services.

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What Sets Us Apart

We believe our success to date is primarily attributable to the following key competitive strengths.

• China’s largest learning platform offering adult personal interest courses with strong growth trajectory;

• Innovative learning journey leading to strong user engagement;

• Scalable business model driving rapid launch of new course offerings and business opportunities;

• Robust technology infrastructure and business intelligence; and

• Visionary, seasoned management team and entrepreneurial corporate culture.

How We Approach the Future

We intend to pursue the following strategies to drive future growth.

• Grow user base and drive learner engagement;

• Enrich course offerings with proven demand;

• Develop enterprise services to achieve greater synergy;

• Invest in technology and data analytics;

• Attract and cultivate talent; and

• Expand overseas and pursue strategic collaborations.

Market Opportunities

We currently primarily operate in China’s adult learning market for personal interest courses. China’s online adult learning market for personal interest courses has been growing faster than the offline market in the past few years, and is expected to maintain the growth momentum from 2021 to 2026, benefiting from the growing online learning habits in the adult learning market in China. The market size of China’s online adult learning market for personal interest courses, in terms of revenue, increased from RMB11.4 billion in 2017 to RMB22.7 billion (US$3.5 billion) in 2021, at a CAGR of 18.8%, and is expected to reach RMB62.1 billion (US$9.6 billion) in 2026, at a CAGR of 22.3% from 2021 to 2026, according to the F&S report. In particular, with respect to our financial literacy courses which have contributed significantly to our rapid growth, the market size of China’s online financial learning market, in terms of revenue, increased from RMB5.0 billion in 2017 to RMB6.5 billion (US$1.0 billion) in 2021, at a CAGR of 6.8%, and is expected to reach RMB17.1 billion (US$2.6 billion) in 2026, at a CAGR of 21.3% from 2021 to 2026, according to the same source. See “Industry Overview” for details.

Corporate History and Structure

QuantaSing Group Limited is an exempted company with limited liability incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands with no substantive operation. We carry out our business in China through Beijing Liangzizhige, our WFOE, and its contractual arrangements, commonly known as the VIE structure, with Beijing Feierlai, a variable interest entity based in China, and its nominee shareholder.

We began our online learning services in July 2019 when we were within the group of Witty network Limited (“Witty network”), a Cayman Islands holding company held by our existing shareholders engaging in a wide range of businesses. In anticipation of our initial public offering and in order to focus on developing our current online learning and enterprise service business, our existing shareholders restructured our corporate

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structure and spun-off our current business from Witty network and its affiliate, EW Technology Limited (“EW Technology”), into the entities within our group. These restructuring steps include, among others, incorporating QuantaSing Group Limited as our listing entity and establishing the VIE structure for our current business under QuantaSing Group Limited. The restructuring and spin-off was completed in May 2022. The VIE structure was established through a series of agreements entered into between our WFOE, the VIE and its nominee shareholder, comprising a voting rights proxy agreement, an equity pledge agreement, an exclusive consultancy and service agreement and an exclusive option agreement. The contractual arrangements allow us to (1) be considered as the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes and consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities, (2) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the affiliated entities, (3) have the pledge right over the equity interests in the VIE as the pledgee, and (4) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. See “Corporate History and Structure” for details.

The following diagram illustrates our simplified corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries and the affiliated entities, as of the date of this prospectus.

(1) See “Principal Shareholders” for details of our shareholding structures immediately prior to and after this offering.

(2) Beijing Feierlai is wholly owned by Shenzhen Erwan Education Technology Co., Ltd., an entity owned as to 99.0% by Mr. Peng Li, our founder, chairman and chief executive officer, and as to 1.0% by Ms. Li Meng, mother of Mr. Li.

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The VIE structure is not equivalent of an investment in the equity interest of such entities. Neither QuantaSing Group Limited nor our WFOE owns any equity interests in the affiliated entities. Our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its nominee shareholder are not equivalent of an investment in the equity interest of the VIE. Investors are purchasing equity interests in QuantaSing Group Limited, the Cayman holding company, and are not purchasing, and may never hold, equity interests in the affiliated entities. Instead, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP in light of the contractual arrangements. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules regarding the status of the rights of our Cayman Islands holding company with respect to its contractual arrangements with the VIE and its nominee shareholder through our WFOE, and we may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. See “— Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure” for details. The VIE structure is associated with certain unique risks and uncertainties, including, among others, the risks that the contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder may be less effective than direct ownership in providing operational control, and that such arrangement may not be enforceable under applicable laws and regulations. Such risks and uncertainties may result in a material adverse change in our operations, cause the value of any securities we offer to significantly decline or become worthless. See “— Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure — The VIE structure and its associated risks” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure” for details.

Risks and Challenges

Investing in the ADSs involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in the ADSs. We set forth below a summary of the principal risks and challenges we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

Risks related to our business and industry

Risks and uncertainties relating to our business and industry include, but are not limited to, the following:

• our limited history under the current business model and the risk that our historical performance and growth rate may not be indicative of our future performance;

• our ability to continue to attract users or increase their spending;

• our ability to adapt and expand our course offerings to effectively and timely address the change of market demands;

• the complexity, uncertainties and changes in PRC regulations applicable to our businesses, including the licensing requirements for our business, data privacy and personal information protection;

• our ability to maintain and enhance our brand recognition;

• the intense competition in the industry that we operate in;

• our ability to improve or maintain our user acquisition efficiency;

• our ability to timely develop attractive course materials or maintain high-quality teaching staff;

• our ability to price our courses and other services effectively; and

• the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Risks related to our corporate structure

We primarily conduct our business through the contractual arrangements established by our WFOE with the VIE and a holding company structure. We, our WFOE, the affiliated entities and holders of our securities

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(including the ADSs) are therefore subject to various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to our corporate structure, which would result in a material adverse change in our operations, cause the value of any securities we offer to significantly decline or become worthless. Such risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the following:

• the agreements that establish the structure of our operations in China to be found not compliant with PRC regulations relating to the relevant industries;

• the contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder being less effective than direct ownership in providing operational control;

• uncertainty with respect to the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder;

• shareholder of the VIE having conflicts of interest with us;

• the risk that the contractual arrangements we have entered into with the VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities;

• uncertainties with respect to the interpretation and implementation, and any changes thereto, of the PRC Foreign Investment Law, and other PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries; and

• the risk of losing the ability to use and enjoy assets held by the affiliated entities that are important to our business.

Risks related to doing business in China

We face various legal and operational risks and uncertainties related to being based in and having significant operations in China, and therefore are subject to risks associated with doing business in China generally. Risks and uncertainties related to doing business in China could result in a material adverse change in our operations, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to complete this offering or continue to offer securities to investors, and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or become worthless. Such risks and uncertainties include, but not limited to, the following:

• Chinese government’s significant authority to intervene or influence our operations at any time and to exert more control over offerings conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The PRC government has significant authority to exert influence on the China operations of an offshore holding company, and offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, such as us. Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and the value of our securities” on pages 60 and 61, “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Recent regulatory development in China may exert more oversight and control over listing and offerings that are conducted overseas. The approval of the CSRC may be required in connection with this offering and our future capital raising activities, and, if required, we cannot assure you that we or the affiliated entities will be able to obtain such approval, in which case we may face regulatory sanctions for failure to obtain such approval for this offering and our future capital raising activities” on pages 61, 62 and 63, and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Recent greater oversight by the CAC over data security, particularly for companies seeking to list on a foreign exchange, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability in capital raising activities and materially and adversely affect our business and the value of your investment” on page 63;

• the ADSs being delisted under the HFCAA if the PCAOB is unable to inspect auditors who are located in China. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The ADSs will

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be delisted and our shares and ADSs will be prohibited from trading in the over-the-counter market under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China for three consecutive years or, if proposed changes to the law are enacted, for two consecutive years. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment” on pages 63, 64 and 65;

• impact from PRC economic, political and social conditions, as well as changes in any government policies, laws and regulations. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The PRC government has significant authority to exert influence on the China operations of an offshore holding company, and offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, such as us. Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and the value of our securities” on pages 60 and 61;

• uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system, including such relating to the enforcement of rules and regulations in China and the risk that rules and regulations can change quickly with little advance notice. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and future prospects, and cause the ADSs to significantly decline in value or become worthless” on pages 66 and 67; and

• reliance on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and limitation on the ability of our WFOE to make payments to us. To the extent our cash or assets in the business are in mainland China or Hong Kong or a mainland China or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of mainland China or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of QuantaSing Group Limited, our subsidiaries or the affiliated entities to transfer cash or assets. While there are currently no such restrictions on foreign exchange and our ability to transfer cash or assets between QuantaSing Group Limited and our Hong Kong subsidiary, if certain PRC laws and regulations, including existing laws and regulations and those enacted or promulgated in the future were to become applicable to our Hong Kong subsidiary in the future, and to the extent our cash or assets are in Hong Kong or a Hong Kong entity, such funds or assets may not be available due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on our ability to transfer funds or assets by the PRC government. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on QuantaSing Group Limited, its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities to transfer or distribute cash within the organization, which could result in an inability of or prohibition on making transfers or distributions to entities outside of mainland China and Hong Kong. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business” on pages 68 and 69 and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Restrictions on the remittance of Renminbi into and out of China and governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to pay dividends and other obligations, and affect the value of your investment” on pages 69 and 70.

Risks related to the ADSs and this offering

In addition to the risks described above, we are also subject to general risks relating to the ADSs and this offering, including, but not limited to, the following:

• an active trading market for our ordinary shares or the ADSs may not develop and the trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile;

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• we are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements;

• we are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies;

• substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of the ADSs in the public market could cause the price of the ADSs to decline;

• our dual-class share structure with different voting rights will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial;

• we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market listing rules and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies; and

• the voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to vote your Class A ordinary shares.

Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure

The VIE structure and its associated risks

QuantaSing Group Limited is a Cayman Islands holding company with no substantive operations. We carry out our business through our WFOE and its contractual arrangements, commonly known as the VIE structure, with the VIE based in China and its nominee shareholder, due to the PRC regulatory restrictions on direct foreign investment in certain value-added telecommunication services and other internet related business. Investors in the ADSs are purchasing the equity securities of QuantaSing Group Limited, the Cayman Islands holding company, rather than the equity securities of the affiliated entities in which our operations are conducted.

The VIE structure was established through a series of agreements entered into between our WFOE, the VIE and its nominee shareholder, comprising a voting rights proxy agreement, an equity pledge agreement, an exclusive consultancy and service agreement and an exclusive option agreement. The contractual arrangements allow us to (1) be considered as the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes and consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities, (2) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the affiliated entities, (3) have the pledge right over the equity interests in the VIE as the pledgee, and (4) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. For details, see “Corporate History and Structure.”

However, neither QuantaSing Group Limited nor our WFOE owns any equity interests in the affiliated entities. Our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its nominee shareholder are not equivalent of an investment in the equity interest of the affiliated entities. Instead, as described above, we are regarded as the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP in light of the VIE structure.

The VIE structure involves unique risks to investors in the ADSs. It may be less effective than direct ownership in providing us with operational control over the VIE or its subsidiaries and we may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements. For instance, the VIE and its shareholder could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct the operations of the VIE in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests. If we had direct ownership of the VIE in China, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the

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management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIE and its shareholder of their obligations under the contracts to direct the VIE’s activities. The shareholder of the VIE may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform its obligations under these contracts. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system.

We may face challenges in enforcing the contractual arrangements due to jurisdictional and legal limitations. There are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current and future PRC laws, regulations and rules regarding the status of the rights of our Cayman Islands holding company with respect to its contractual arrangements with the VIE and its nominee shareholder through our WFOE. As of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE and its nominee shareholder have not been tested in a court of law. It is uncertain whether any new PRC laws or regulations relating to VIE structures will be adopted or, if adopted, what they would provide. If we or the VIE is found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations or fail to obtain or maintain any of the required licenses, permits, registrations or approvals, the relevant PRC regulatory authorities would have broad discretion to take action in dealing with such violations or failures. The PRC regulatory authorities could disallow the VIE structure at any time in the future. If the PRC government deems that our contractual arrangements with the VIE do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we could be subject to severe penalties and may incur substantial costs to enforce the terms of the arrangements, or be forced to relinquish our interests in those operations. Our Cayman Islands holding company, our subsidiaries, the affiliated entities, and investors in our securities (including the ADS) face uncertainty with respect to potential future actions by the PRC government that could affect the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and, consequently, significantly affect the financial performance of our company and the affiliated entities as a whole. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure.”

Revenues contributed by the affiliated entities accounted for substantially all of our total revenues in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2022. For a condensed consolidation schedule depicting the results of operations, financial position and cash flows for us, our WFOE and the VIE, see “— Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” For details of the permissions and licenses required for operating our business in China and the related limitations, see “— Regulatory Permissions and Licenses for Our Operations in China and This Offering” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — We may face risks and uncertainties with respect to the licensing requirement for our business. Any lack of or failure to maintain requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to us may have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.”

Cash and asset flows through our organization

In light of our holding company structure and the VIE structure, our ability to pay dividends to the shareholders, including the investors in the ADSs, and to service any debt we may incur may highly depend upon dividends paid by our WFOE to us and service fees paid by the affiliated entities to our WFOE, despite that we may obtain financing at the holding company level through other methods. For instance, if any of our WFOE or the VIE incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing such debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends to us and the investors in the ADS as well as the ability to settle amounts owed under the contractual arrangements. As of the date of this prospectus, none of QuantaSing Group Limited, our WFOE and the VIE has paid any dividends or made any distributions to their respective shareholder(s), including any U.S. investors. In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, the total amount of the service fees that the VIE paid to our WFOE under the contractual arrangements was RMB204.1 million and RMB239.6 million, respectively. For details, see

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“— Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data — Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities.” We expect to continue to distribute earnings and settle the service fees owed under the VIE agreements at the request of our WFOE and based on our business needs, and do not expect to declare dividend in the foreseeable future. We currently have not maintained any cash management policies that specifically dictate how funds shall be transferred among QuantaSing Group Limited, the subsidiaries of QuantaSing Group Limited (including our WFOE), the affiliated entities and investors. We will determine the payment of dividends and fund transfer based on our specific business needs in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.

Under PRC laws and regulations, our WFOE is permitted to pay dividends only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. Furthermore, our WFOE and the affiliated entities are required to make appropriations to certain statutory reserve funds or may make appropriations to certain discretionary funds, which are not distributable as cash dividends except in the event of a solvent liquidation of the companies. Remittance of dividends by our WFOE out of China is also subject to certain procedures with the banks designated by the PRC State Administration of Foreign Exchange (“SAFE”). These restrictions are benchmarked against the paid-up capital and the statutory reserve funds of our WFOE and the net assets of the VIE in which we have no legal ownership. In addition, while there are currently no such restrictions on foreign exchange and our ability to transfer cash or assets between QuantaSing Group Limited and our Hong Kong subsidiary, if certain PRC laws and regulations, including existing laws and regulations and those enacted or promulgated in the future were to become applicable to our Hong Kong subsidiary in the future, and to the extent our cash or assets are in Hong Kong or a Hong Kong entity, such funds or assets may not be available due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on our ability to transfer funds or assets by the PRC government. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on QuantaSing Group Limited, its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities to transfer or distribute cash within the organization, which could result in an inability of or prohibition on making transfers or distributions to entities outside of mainland China and Hong Kong. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business,” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China —Restrictions on the remittance of Renminbi into and out of China and governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to pay dividends and other obligations, and affect the value of your investment.”

Under PRC laws and regulations, we, the Cayman Islands holding company, may fund our WFOE only through capital contributions or loans, and fund the affiliated entities only through loans, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements. As of June 30, 2021 and 2022, and September 30, 2022, (1) the aggregate amount of capital contribution by EW Technology Limited to our subsidiaries in the BVI and Hong Kong was nil, RMB51.7 million and RMB51.7 million, respectively, which was presented in “net cash provided by transactions with related parties” of the “cash flows from financing activities” under the “Other subsidiaries” column in the condensed consolidating cash flows information; (2) the aggregate amount of capital contribution by QuantaSing Group Limited to our subsidiaries in the BVI and Hong Kong was nil, RMB47.1 million and RMB47.1 million, respectively, which was presented in “net cash used in transactions with intra-group companies” of the “cash flows from investing activities” under the “QuantaSing Group Limited” column, and in “net cash provided by transactions with intragroup companies” of the “cash flows from financing activities” under the “Other subsidiaries” column in the condensed consolidating cash flows information; (3) the aggregate amount of capital contribution by QuantaSing Group Limited to our WFOE through our subsidiaries in the BVI and Hong Kong was nil, RMB64.2 million and RMB64.2 million, respectively, which was presented in “net cash used in transactions with intra-group companies” of the “cash flows from investing activities” under the “Other subsidiaries” column, and was also included as a part of “net cash provided by transactions with intra-group companies” of the “cash flows from financing activities” under the “Primary beneficiary of the VIE” column in the condensed consolidating cash flows information; and (4) the outstanding balance of the principal

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amount of loans by our WFOE to the VIE was RMB7.0 million, nil and nil, respectively, and was included in “amounts due to related parties” under “The VIE and its subsidiaries” column in the condensed consolidating balance sheet information, all of which were provided by Witty network’s then wholly-owned PRC subsidiary and had been repaid before the completion of the restructuring and spin-off; and (5) the outstanding balance of the principal amount of loans by the VIE to our WFOE was nil, RMB156.0 million and RMB130.2 million, respectively, and was presented in “amounts due from intra-group companies” under “The VIE and its subsidiaries” column, and “amounts due to intra-group companies” under the “Primary beneficiary of the VIE” column in the condensed consolidating balance sheet information. For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, and three months ended September 30, 2021, the net cash transferred by the VIE to our WFOE was nil, RMB156.0 million and RMB21.0 million, respectively, in addition to the service fees paid under the contractual arrangements. For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the net cash repaid by our WFOE to the VIE was RMB25.8 million. In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, and the three months ended September 30, 2022, no assets other than cash were transferred within our organization. For details, see “— Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data — Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities.”

Under the Cayman Islands laws, QuantaSing Group Limited is not subject to tax on income or capital gains. Upon payments of dividends to our shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed. For purposes of illustration, the following discussion reflects the hypothetical taxes that might be required to be paid in mainland China and Hong Kong, assuming that: (1) we have taxable earnings in the VIE and (2) we determine to pay a dividend in the future:

	Tax calculation(1)
Hypothetical pre-tax earnings(2)		100.0	%
Tax on earnings at statutory rate of 25%(3)		(25.0	)%
Net earnings available for distribution		75.0	%
Withholding tax at standard rate of 10%(4)		(7.5	)%
Net distribution to shareholders		67.5	%

(1) For purposes of this hypothetical example, the tax calculation has been simplified. The hypothetical book pre-tax earnings amount is assumed to equal PRC taxable income.

(2) For purposes of this hypothetical example, the table above reflects a maximum tax scenario under which the full statutory rate would be effective.

(3) PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules impose a withholding income tax of 10% on dividends distributed by a foreign invested enterprise in China to its immediate holding company outside China. A lower withholding income tax rate of 5% is applied if the foreign invested enterprise’s immediate holding company is registered in Hong Kong or other jurisdictions that have a tax treaty arrangement with China, subject to a qualification review at the time of the distribution. There is no incremental tax at Hong Kong level for any dividend distribution to QuantaSing Group Limited.

(4) If a 10% withholding income tax rate is imposed, the withholding tax will be 7.5% and the amount to be distributed as dividend at Hong Kong level and the net distribution to QuantaSing Group Limited will be 67.5%.

The table above has been prepared under the assumption that all profits of the VIE will be distributed as fees to our WFOE under tax neutral contractual arrangements. If, in the future, the accumulated earnings of the VIE exceed the service fees paid to our WFOE (or if the current and contemplated fee structure between the inter-group entities is determined to be non-substantive and disallowed by PRC tax authorities), the VIE could make a non-deductible transfer to our WFOE for the amounts of the stranded cash in the VIE. This would result in such transfer being non-deductible expenses for the VIE but still taxable income for our WFOE. Such a transfer and the related tax burdens would reduce our after-tax income to approximately 50.6% of the pre-tax income. Our management believes that there is only a remote possibility that this scenario would happen.

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Dividend Distribution and Taxation

As of the date of this prospectus, none of QuantaSing Group Limited, our WFOE and the VIE has paid any dividends or made any distributions to their respective shareholder(s), including any U.S. investors, nor do we have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. See “Dividend Policy” for details.

Subject to the “passive foreign investment company” rules, the gross amount of any distribution that we make to a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Taxation — United States Federal Income Taxation”) with respect to the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares (including any amounts withheld to reflect PRC withholding taxes) will be taxable as a dividend for United States federal income tax purposes, to the extent paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, as determined under United States federal income tax principles. In addition, if we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax. See “Taxation” for details.

Regulatory Permissions and Licenses for Our Operations in China and This Offering

We, through our WFOE and the affiliated entities, conduct our operations in China. Our operations in China are governed by PRC laws and regulations. We and the affiliated entities are required to obtain certain licenses, permits and approvals from relevant governmental authorities in China in order to operate our business and conduct this offering. As of the date of this prospectus, as advised by our PRC counsel, CM Law Firm, our WFOE and the affiliated entities have obtained the licenses, permits and registrations from the PRC government authorities necessary for our business operations in China, including, among others, the Value-added Telecommunications Business Operating License for internet information service, the Permit for Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, and the Publication Operation License, except for the License for Online Transmission of Audio-Visual Program for offering certain courses in live streaming or audio-visual contents. Given the uncertainties of interpretation and implementation of relevant laws and regulations and the enforcement practice by relevant government authorities, and the promulgation of new laws and regulations and amendment to the existing ones, we may be required to obtain additional licenses, permits, registrations, filings or approvals for our business operations in the future. For instance, we or the affiliated entities may be required to obtain the Online Publishing Service License for our online learning services. We cannot assure you that we or the affiliated entities will be able to obtain, in a timely manner or at all, or maintain such licenses, permits or approvals, and we or the affiliated entities may also inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required. Any lack of or failure to maintain requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to us or the affiliated entities may have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects and cause the value of any securities we offer to significantly decline or become worthless. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — We may face risks and uncertainties with respect to the licensing requirement for our business. Any lack of or failure to maintain requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to us may have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.”

On December 28, 2021, the CAC and other twelve PRC regulatory authorities jointly revised and promulgated the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (the “Cybersecurity Review Measures”), which became effective on February 15, 2022. See “Regulation — Regulations on Internet Information Security and Censorship.” As a network platform operator who possesses personal information of more than one million users for purposes of the Cybersecurity Review Measures, we have applied for and completed a cybersecurity review for this offering and listing pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures. The review was completed in August 2022. We have not received any material adverse findings in such review.

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On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Provisions of the State Council on the Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) and the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing”). See “Regulation — Regulations on M&A and Overseas Listings.” As of the date of this prospectus, as advised by our PRC counsel, CM Law Firm, considering that (1) the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing has not come into effect; and (2) no explicit provision under currently effective PRC laws, regulations and rules clearly requires an offering with contractual arrangements like ours to obtain approvals from the CSRC, we or the affiliated entities are not required to obtain an approval from the CSRC in connection with this offering and listing.

Except as disclosed above, we or the affiliated entities have not been requested to obtain or denied any license or permission from any government authority in China in connection with the VIE’s operations or this offering as of the date of this prospectus.

However, the PRC regulatory authorities, including the CSRC, may adopt new laws, rules and regulations, or detailed implementation and interpretation of the current applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC regulatory authorities, including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as us or our PRC counsel. Furthermore, the PRC government has recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas by and foreign investment in China-based issuers. For instance, the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing stipulates that the China-based companies, or the issuer, shall fulfill the filing procedures within three working days after the issuer makes an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market. In addition, an overseas offering and listing is prohibited under any of certain circumstances, including, among others, prohibition by national laws and regulations and relevant provisions, threatening to or endangering national security, material violation of laws by the company or its controllers or its directors, supervisors, or senior executives. If the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing were to be implemented as proposed in its current form before this offering and listing is completed, we might be subject to the filing requirements with the CSRC for this offering and listing and might also be prohibited from completing this offering if any of the circumstances described in the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing occurs. Moreover, as the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing has not come into effect, there remains uncertainty in the final form and the interpretation and implementation of such overseas listing rules, and we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC government authorities, including the CSRC, would not promulgate new rules or new interpretation of current rules to require us or the affiliated entities to obtain CSRC or other PRC government approvals or complete other compliance procedures for this offering. We cannot assure you that we or the affiliated entities would be able to obtain such approvals or complete such other compliance procedures, to the extent that they may be subsequently required by the relevant regulatory authorities, in a timely manner, or at all, or that any completion of review or approval or other compliance procedures would not be rescinded, in which case we may face regulatory sanctions for failure to complete the requisite compliance procedures or obtain the requisite approvals for this offering. If any of such event occurs, it could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to complete this offering or launch any new offering of our securities and could cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing business in China — Recent regulatory development in China may exert more oversight and control over listing and offerings that are conducted overseas. The approval of the CSRC may be required in connection with this offering and our future capital raising activities, and, if required, we cannot assure you that we or the affiliated entities will be able to obtain such approval, in which case we may face regulatory sanctions for failure to obtain such approval for this offering and our future capital raising activities” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing business in China — Recent greater oversight by the CAC over data security, particularly for companies seeking to list on a foreign exchange, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability in capital raising activities and materially and adversely affect our business and the value of your investment.”

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The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

The HFCAA was enacted on December 18, 2020. Pursuant to the HFCAA and related regulations, if we have filed an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely, the SEC will identify us as a “Commission-identified Issuer,” and the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities exchanges, as well as any over-the-counter trading in the United States, will be prohibited if we are identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for three consecutive years. There have been various initiatives to reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three to two years. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill known as the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act to that effect, and on February 4, 2022, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill which contained, among others, an identical provision. If this provision is enacted into law and the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA is reduced from three to two years, then our shares and ADSs could be prohibited from trading in the United States. In August 2022, the PCAOB, the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC signed the Statement of Protocol, which establishes a specific and accountable framework for the PCAOB to conduct inspections and investigations of PCAOB-governed accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor’s control. The PCAOB continues to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has also indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect and investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in China and we fail to retain another registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB is able to inspect and investigate completely in 2023 and beyond, or if we otherwise fail to meet the PCAOB’s requirements, the ADSs will be delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market, and our shares and ADSs will not be permitted for trading over the counter in the United States under the HFCAA and related regulations. The related risks and uncertainties could cause the value of the ADSs to significantly decline or become worthless. For details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — The ADSs will be delisted and our shares and ADSs will be prohibited from trading in the over-the-counter market under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China for three consecutive years or, if proposed changes to the law are enacted, for two consecutive years. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.”

Implications of Being an Emerging Growth Company

As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”). An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements compared to those that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards. Pursuant to the JOBS Act, we have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this

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extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. As a result, our operating results and financial statements may not be comparable to the operating results and financial statements of other companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (1) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of at least US$1.07 billion; (2) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (3) the date on which we have, during the preceding three-year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (4) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) which would occur if we have been a public company for at least 12 months and the market value of the ADSs that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act as discussed above.

Implications of Being a Controlled Company

We will be a “controlled company” as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Listing Rules because Mr. Peng Li, our founder, chairman and the chief executive officer, will hold        % of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares and will be able to exercise        % of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding share capital upon the completion of this offering, assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs, or        % of our total issued and outstanding ordinary shares and        % of the total voting power of our issued and outstanding share capital upon the completion of this offering, assuming that the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full. As a result, Mr. Peng Li will have the ability to control or significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring approval by shareholders. For so long as we remain as a “controlled company,” we are permitted to elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors. We do not currently plan to utilize the exemptions available for controlled companies after we complete this offering, but instead, we plan to rely on the exemption available for foreign private issuers to follow our home country governance practices. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. For details, see “Risk Factor — Risks Related to the ADSs and this Offering — We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market listing rules and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.”

Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. Moreover, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, as a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market. We currently intend to follow Cayman Islands corporate governance practices in lieu of the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market that listed companies must: (1) have a majority of independent directors, (2) have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, (3) have an audit committee composed of at least three members, (4) obtain shareholders’ approval for issuance of securities in certain situations, and (5) hold annual shareholders’ meetings. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market.

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Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at Room 710, 5/F, Building No. 1, Zone No. 1, Ronghe Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is +86-10 6493-8177. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the Office of Sertus Incorporations (Cayman) Limited, Sertus Chambers, Governors Square, Suite # 5-204, 23 Lime Tree Bay Avenue, P.O. Box 2547, Grand Cayman, KY1-1104, Cayman Islands. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc. at 122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10168.

Investors should contact us for any inquiries through the address and telephone number of our principal executive office. Our main website is www.liangzizhige.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus.

Conventions that Apply to this Prospectus

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, and for purposes of this prospectus only:

• “ADRs” refers to the American depositary receipts, which, if issued, evidence the ADSs;

• “ADSs” refers to the American depositary shares, each of which represents                Class A ordinary shares;

• “affiliated entities” refers to Beijing Feierlai, the variable interest entity, and its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing our consolidated financial information, refers to the respective variable interest entity and its subsidiaries in connection with our business at the relevant time before the completion of the restructuring and spin-off;

• “CAC” refers to the Cyberspace Administration of China;

• “CSRC” refers to the China Securities Regulatory Commission;

• “CAGR” refers to compound annual growth rate;

• “China” or the “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, and only in the context of describing the industry matters, including those derived from the F&S report, and the PRC laws, rules, regulations, regulatory authorities, and any PRC entities or citizens under such rules, laws and regulations and other legal or tax matters in this prospectus, excludes Taiwan, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macau Special Administrative Region;

• “Class A ordinary shares” refers to our Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share, upon the completion of this offering;

• “Class B ordinary shares” refers to our Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share, upon the completion of this offering;

• “repeat purchase rate” illustrates our ability to generate gross billings from repeat purchases of our premium courses by our paying learners. To calculate this rate, we identify all paying learners who purchased our premium courses more than once on our platforms, then calculate the quotient from dividing (x) the gross billings attributable to purchases of our premium courses by such learners subsequent to the first-time purchase of our premium courses in a given period by (y) our total gross billings from such first-time purchase in the same period;

• “ordinary shares” refers to our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share;

• “introductory course learners” refers to learners who enroll in our introductory courses and receive the introductory course-related services of our tutors. We calculate introductory course learners for each category (1) on a cumulated basis and (2) without counting duplicate enrollments by the same cell phone number or social media account;

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• “Nasdaq Stock Market” refers to Nasdaq Stock Market LLC;

• “paying learners” refers to learners who enroll in our premium courses and receive such course-related services of our tutors. We calculate paying learners for each category without counting duplicate enrollments by the same cell phone number or social media account;

• “pre-offering Class A ordinary shares” refers to our Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share, as of the date of this prospectus, holders of each of which are entitled to one vote;

• “pre-offering Class B ordinary shares” refers to our Class B ordinary shares, par value of US$0.0001 per share, as of the date of this prospectus, holders of each of which are entitled to ten votes;

• “registered users” refers to users who register on our platforms. We calculate registered users for each category (1) on a cumulated basis and (2) without counting duplicate cellphone numbers or social media accounts;

• “Renminbi” or “RMB” refers to the legal currency of China;

• “shares” refers to our share capital, par value of US$0.0001 per share;

• “US$,” “U.S. dollars” or “dollars” refers to the legal currency of the United States;

• “VIE” or “Beijing Feierlai” refers to Feierlai (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd., the variable interest entity, and, “VIE,” in the context of describing our consolidated financial information, refers to the respective variable interest entity in connection with our business at the relevant time before the completion of the restructuring and spin-off;

• “we,” “us,” “our company,” “our,” “QuantaSing,” or “QuantaSing Group” refers to QuantaSing Group Limited, together as a group with its subsidiaries, and, in the context of describing the substantive operations and financial information relating to such operations of QuantaSing Group Limited and its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities as a whole, refers to QuantaSing Group Limited and its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities. Where the context requires, in respect of the period prior to our company becoming the holding company of its present subsidiaries, these terms also refer to such subsidiaries as if they were subsidiaries of our company at the relevant time; and

• “WFOE” or “Beijing Liangzizhige” refers to Beijing Liangzizhige Co., Ltd., our wholly-owned PRC subsidiary, and, “WFOE,” in the context of describing our consolidated financial information, refers to our respective wholly-owned subsidiary in connection with our business at the relevant time before the completion of the restructuring and spin-off.

Unless specifically indicated otherwise or unless the context otherwise requires, all information in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters will not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs.

We have made rounding adjustments to reach some of the figures included in this prospectus. Consequently, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them.

Our reporting currency is Renminbi. This prospectus contains translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars solely for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and vice versa in this prospectus are made as RMB7.1135 to US$1.0000, the exchange rate in effect as of September 30, 2022, as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. All translations from Renminbi to U.S. dollars and vice versa for the industry data extracted from the F&S report are made as RMB6.4566 to US$1.0000, the exchange rate in effect as of June 30, 2021, as set forth in the same source. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all.

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THE OFFERING

Offering price per ADS We expect that the initial public offering price will be between US$             and US$             per ADS.

ADSs offered by us                  ADSs (or                  ADSs if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full).

ADSs outstanding immediately after this offering                  ADSs (or                  ADSs if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full).

Ordinary shares to be issued and outstanding after this offering                  ordinary shares, comprising                  Class A ordinary shares and                  Class B ordinary shares (or                  ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, comprising                  Class A ordinary shares and                  Class B ordinary shares).

ADSs Each ADS represents Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.0001 per share.

The depositary will hold the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the deposit agreement among us, the depositary and holders and beneficial owners of ADSs from time to time.

We do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. If, however, we declare dividends on our ordinary shares, the depositary will pay you the cash dividends and other distributions it receives on our Class A ordinary shares after deducting its fees and expenses in accordance with the terms set forth in the deposit agreement.

You may surrender your ADSs to the depositary in exchange for the underlying Class A ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement relating to the ADSs. The depositary will charge you fees for any exchange.

We may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs after an amendment to the deposit agreement, you agree to be bound by the deposit agreement as amended.

You should carefully read “Description of American Depositary Shares” section in this prospectus to better understand the terms of the ADSs. You should also read the deposit agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

Ordinary shares Following the completion of this offering, our issued and outstanding share capital will consist of Class A ordinary shares and Class B

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ordinary shares. In respect of all matters subject to a shareholder vote, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote, and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to ten votes, voting together as one class, on all matter subject to vote at general meetings of our company.

Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. Upon any sale, transfer, assignment or disposition of Class B ordinary shares by a holder thereof to any person that is not Mr. Peng Li or his controlled entity, or upon a change of ultimate beneficial ownership of any Class B ordinary share to any person that is not Mr. Peng Li or a controlled entity of Mr. Peng Li, such Class B ordinary shares shall be automatically and immediately converted into the same number of Class A ordinary shares. In additional, all outstanding Class B ordinary shares will automatically convert into Class A ordinary shares upon the first to occur of (1) the death or incapacity of Mr. Peng Li; (2) the date that Mr. Peng Li is no longer employed as our chief executive officer for cause; (3) if Mr. Peng Li was not employed as our chief executive officer for at least five years following this offering, the date when he is no longer our chief executive officer; and (4) if Mr. Peng Li was employed as our chief executive officer for at least five years following this offering, the earlier of: (a) the date he ceases to be our chief executive officer and our director; and (b) if he continues to our director, the second anniversary after he ceases to be employed as our chief executive officer. For details, see “Description of Share Capital— Our Post-Offering Memorandum and Articles of Association.”

For a description of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares, see “Description of Share Capital.”

Option to purchase additional ADSs We have granted the underwriters an option, exercisable within 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of                  additional ADSs at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions.

Use of proceeds We expect that we will receive net proceeds of approximately US$             million from this offering or approximately US$             million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, assuming an initial public offering price of US$             per ADS, which is the midpoint of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for, among others, improving the learning experience of our learners and our content development capability, broadening our course offerings, advancing our technology infrastructures, enhancing our marketing and brand promotions, and general corporate purposes and working capital. See “Use of Proceeds” for more information.

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Lock-up [We, our directors, executive officers and existing shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any ADSs, ordinary shares or similar securities for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus. In addition, we have agreed to                     , as depositary, not to accept any deposit of any ordinary shares or deliver any ADSs for 180 days after the date of this prospectus (other than in connection with this offering), unless we instruct the depositary with the prior written consent of the underwriters.] See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting” for more information.

[Directed ADS program At our request, the underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to an aggregate of                  ADSs offered in this offering to some of our directors, officers, employees, business associates and related persons through a directed ADS program.]

Listing We have applied to have the ADSs listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “QSG.” The ADSs and our ordinary shares will not be listed on any other stock exchange or traded on any automated quotation system.

Payment and settlement The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment therefor through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company on                 .

Depositary Citibank, N.A.

The number of ordinary shares that will be issued and outstanding immediately after this offering:

• is based on 155,486,269 issued and outstanding ordinary shares (including 105,627,220 Class A ordinary shares and 49,859,049 Class B ordinary shares) as of the date of this prospectus, assuming the automatic conversion of all of our issued and outstanding preferred shares into Class A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of this offering;

• includes                 Class A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs that we will issue and sell in this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs; and

• excludes 18,640,751 Class A ordinary shares issuable upon exercise of our outstanding options and                  Class A ordinary shares reserved for future issuances under our existing share incentive schemes.

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

Consolidated Financial Statements

The following summary consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 (except the pro forma net loss, share and net loss per share information), summary consolidated balance sheets data as of June 30, 2021 and 2022 and summary consolidated statements of cash flows data for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following summary consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022 (except the pro forma net loss, share and net loss per share information), summary consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2022 and summary consolidated statements of cash flows data for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022 have been derived from our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (the “U.S. GAAP”). Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods. You should read this “Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data” section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss data for the periods indicated.

	For the fiscal year ended June 30,									For the three months ended September 30,
	2021			2022						2021			2022
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB			RMB			US$
	(in thousands, except for per share data)
Revenues		1,759,940			2,867,974			403,173			744,041			659,366			92,692
Cost of revenues		(178,927	)		(408,757	)		(57,462	)		(86,081	)		(75,062	)		(10,552	)
Gross profit		1,581,013			2,459,217			345,711			657,960			584,304			82,140
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing expenses		(1,694,941	)		(2,254,459	)		(316,927	)		(670,172	)		(581,158	)		(81,698	)
Research and development expenses		(116,265	)		(273,484	)		(38,446	)		(41,976	)		(52,301	)		(7,352	)
General and administrative expenses		(100,341	)		(166,650	)		(23,427	)		(30,328	)		(44,390	)		(6,240	)
Total operating expenses		(1,911,547	)		(2,694,593	)		(378,800	)		(742,476	)		(677,849	)		(95,290	)
Loss from operations		(330,534	)		(235,376	)		(33,089	)		(84,516	)		(93,545	)		(13,150	)
Other incomes, net:
Interest income		441			387			54			20			192			27
Others, net		15,093			19,913			2,799			6,027			6,450			907
Loss before income tax		(315,000	)		(215,076	)		(30,236	)		(78,469	)		(86,903	)		(12,216	)
Income tax expenses		(1,037	)		(18,350	)		(2,580	)		542			(10,375	)		(1,458	)

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	For the fiscal year ended June 30,									For the three months ended September 30,
	2021			2022						2021			2022
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB			RMB			US$
	(in thousands, except for per share data)
Net loss		(316,037	)		(233,426	)		(32,816	)		(77,927	)		(97,278	)		(13,674	)
Other comprehensive income, net		—			1,839			259			204			2,126			299
Total comprehensive loss		(316,037	)		(231,587	)		(32,557	)		(77,723	)		(95,152	)		(13,375	)
Net loss per ordinary share
- Basic		(12.89	)		(5.26	)		(0.74	)		(1.79	)		(1.96	)		(0.28	)
- Diluted		(12.89	)		(5.26	)		(0.74	)		(1.79	)		(1.96	)		(0.28	)
Pro-forma net loss attributable to ordinary shareholders of QuantaSing Group Limited(1)					(233,426	)		(32,816	)					(97,278	)		(13,674	)
Pro forma weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted(1)					150,114,581			150,114,581						155,283,417			155,283,417
Pro forma net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders(1)
- Basic					(1.55	)		(0.22	)					(0.63	)		(0.09	)
- Diluted					(1.55	)		(0.22	)					(0.63	)		(0.09	)
Non-GAAP financial measures(2)
Gross billings of individual online learning services		2,045,203			2,758,236			387,747			804,359			664,927			93,474
Adjusted net (loss)/profit		(214,207	)		58,003			8,152			(48,794	)		(50,908	)		(7,156	)

(1) Pro-forma net loss attributable to holders of ordinary shares of QuantaSing Group Limited, pro forma weighted average number of ordinary shares used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted, and pro forma net loss per share attributable to holders of ordinary shares are each presented, after giving effect to the assumption that all preferred shares have been converted into ordinary shares as of July 1, 2021, at the conversion ratio of one for one. See note 17 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation and calculation of historical loss per share, basic and diluted.

(2) See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

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The following table presents our summary consolidated balance sheet data for the periods indicated.

	As of June 30,									As of September 30,
	2021			2022						2022
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB			US$
	(in thousands)
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		25,101			266,427			37,454			450,236			63,293
Restricted cash		—			—			—			92			13
Short-term investments		29,629			132,632			18,645			6,090			856
Accounts receivable, net		99,127			1,937			272			3,870			544
Amounts due from related parties		2,448			47,394			6,663			24,933			3,505
Prepayments and other current assets		118,582			115,560			16,245			123,638			17,381
Total current assets		274,887			563,950			79,279			608,859			85,592
Non-current assets
Property and equipment, net		4,749			5,169			727			4,445			625
Intangible assets, net		33,332			—			—			—			—
Operating lease right-of-use assets		9,344			23,917			3,362			20,599			2,896
Other non-current assets		7,914			10,430			1,466			10,048			1,413
Total non-current assets		55,339			39,516			5,555			35,092			4,934
TOTAL ASSETS		330,226			603,466			84,834			643,951			90,526
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities
Accounts payables		74,462			45,178			6,351			69,801			9,812
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		68,895			108,592			15,266			131,719			18,517
Amounts due to related parties		19,546			—			—			—			—
Income tax payable		2,303			7,298			1,026			13,093			1,841
Contract liabilities, current portion		267,729			384,729			54,084			436,359			61,343
Advance from customers		133,201			151,089			21,240			143,125			20,120
Operating lease liabilities, current portion		7,128			16,331			2,296			15,464			2,174
Total current liabilities		573,264			713,217			100,263			809,561			113,807
Non-current liabilities
Contract liabilities, non-current portion		26,358			8,869			1,247			4,587			645
Operating lease liabilities, non-current portion		1,942			6,566			923			3,771			530
Deferred tax liabilities		8,168			—			—			—			—
Total non-current liabilities		36,468			15,435			2,170			8,358			1,175
TOTAL LIABILITIES		609,732			728,652			102,433			817,919			114,982
MEZZANINE EQUITY
Series A convertible redeemable preferred shares		—			82,002			11,528			82,002			11,528
Series B convertible redeemable preferred shares		—			94,833			13,331			94,833			13,331
Series B-1 convertible redeemable preferred shares		—			33,612			4,725			33,612			4,725
Series C convertible redeemable preferred shares		—			108,892			15,308			110,125			15,481
Series D convertible redeemable preferred shares		—			104,156			14,642			106,541			14,977
Series E convertible redeemable preferred shares		—			240,665			33,832			246,516			34,655
TOTAL MEZZANINE EQUITY		—			664,160			93,366			673,629			94,697
INVESTED DEFICIT / SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT
Parent Company’s investment deficit		(279,506	)		—			—			—			—
Class A ordinary shares		—			3			—			3			—
Class B ordinary shares		—			29			4			34			5
Additional paid-in capital		—			69,934			9,832			106,830			15,018
Accumulated other comprehensive income		—			1,839			258			3,965			557
Accumulative deficit		—			(861,151	)		(121,059	)		(958,429	)		(134,733	)
TOTAL INVESTED DEFICIT / SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT		(279,506	)		(789,346	)		(110,965	)		(847,597	)		(119,153	)
TOTAL LIABILITIES, MEZZANINE EQUITY AND INVESTED DEFICIT / SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT		330,226			603,466			84,834			643,951			90,526

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The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of cash flows data for the periods indicated.

	For the fiscal year ended June 30,									For the three months ended September 30,
	2021			2022						2022
	RMB			RMB			US$			RMB		US$
	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities		79,425			272,636			38,325			28,464		4,001
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities		(62,353	)		(108,581	)		(15,263	)		153,311		21,552
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities		(21,093	)		71,629			10,070			—		—
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		—			5,642			793			2,126		299
Net (decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		(4,021	)		241,326			33,925			183,901		25,852
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the beginning of the period		29,122			25,101			3,529			266,427		37,454
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the period		25,101			266,427			37,454			450,328		63,306

Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities

The following tables present the condensed consolidating schedules for QuantaSing Group Limited (including share-based compensation expenses pushed down by Witty network and EW Technology), our WFOE that is the primary beneficiary of the VIE under the U.S. GAAP (the “primary beneficiary of the VIE”), the VIE and its subsidiaries, and our other subsidiaries that are not the primary beneficiary of the VIE (i.e., our subsidiaries in the BVI and Hong Kong) for the periods and as of the dates indicated.

Condensed consolidating statements of operations information

	For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022
	QuantaSing Group Limited			Other subsidiaries			Primary beneficiary of the VIE			The VIE and its subsidiaries			Elimination			Consolidated
	(RMB in thousands)
External revenues		—			—			756			2,867,218			—			2,867,974
Intra-group revenues(1)		—			—			230,281			—			(230,281	)		—
Total revenues		—			—			231,037			2,867,218			(230,281	)		2,867,974
External cost of revenues and operating expenses		(292,110	)		(4	)		(235,092	)		(2,576,144	)		—			(3,103,350	)
Intra-group cost of revenues and operating expenses related to technical consulting and related service under VIE agreements(1)		—			—			—			(230,281	)		230,281			—
Total cost of revenues and operating expenses		(292,110	)		(4	)		(235,092	)		(2,806,425	)		230,281			(3,103,350	)
Share of (loss)/income from subsidiaries(2)		(4,028	)		(4,101	)		—			—			8,129			—
Income/(loss) of the VIE(2)		62,712			62,712			62,712			—			(188,136	)		—
Other income/(loss)		—			77			(46	)		20,269			—			20,300
(Loss)/income before income tax		(233,426	)		58,684			58,611			81,062			(180,007	)		(215,076	)
Income tax expenses		—			—			—			(18,350	)		—			(18,350	)
Net (loss)/income		(233,426	)		58,684			58,611			62,712			(180,007	)		(233,426	)

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	For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021
	QuantaSing Group Limited			Other subsidiaries			Primary beneficiary of the VIE			The VIE and its subsidiaries			Elimination			Consolidated
	(RMB in thousands)
External revenues		—			—			147			1,759,793			—			1,759,940
Intra-group revenues(1)		—			—			185,036			—			(185,036	)		—
Total revenues		—			—			185,183			1,759,793			(185,036	)		1,759,940
External cost of revenues and operating expenses		(101,830	)		—			(174,198	)		(1,814,446	)		—			(2,090,474	)
Intra-group cost of revenues and operating expenses related to technical consulting and related service under VIE agreements(1)		—			—			—			(185,036	)		185,036			—
Total cost of revenues and operating expenses		(101,830	)		—			(174,198	)		(1,999,482	)		185,036			(2,090,474	)
Share of income/(loss) from subsidiaries(2)		10,835			10,835			—			—			(21,670	)		—
(Loss)/income of the VIE(2)		(225,042	)		(225,042	)		(225,042	)		—			675,126			—
Other (loss)/income		—			—			(150	)		15,684			—			15,534
(Loss)/income before income tax		(316,037	)		(214,207	)		(214,207	)		(224,005	)		653,456			(315,000	)
Income tax expenses		—			—			—			(1,037	)		—			(1,037	)
Net (loss)/income		(316,037	)		(214,207	)		(214,207	)		(225,042	)		653,456			(316,037	)

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Condensed consolidating balance sheets information

	As of June 30, 2022
	QuantaSing Group Limited			Other subsidiaries			Primary beneficiary of the VIE			The VIE and its subsidiaries			Elimination			Consolidated
	(RMB in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents		18			40,279			142,681			83,449			—			266,427
Short-term investments		—			—			78,257			54,375			—			132,632
Accounts receivable, net		—			—			—			1,937			—			1,937
Amounts due from related parties		—			—			—			47,394			—			47,394
Amounts due from intra-group companies(3)		—			—			—			155,960			(155,960	)		—
Prepayments and other current assets		—			—			3,770			111,790			—			115,560
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—			—			2,480			21,437			—			23,917
Property and equipment, net		—			—			1,500			3,669			—			5,169
Other non-current assets		—			—			818			9,612			—			10,430
Investment in subsidiaries		81,979			41,700			—			—			(123,679	)		—
Total assets		81,997			81,979			229,506			489,623			(279,639	)		603,466
Accounts payables		—			—			—			45,178			—			45,178
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		630			—			30,346			77,616			—			108,592
Amounts due to intra-group companies(3)		—			—			155,960			—			(155,960	)		—
Income tax payable		—			—			—			7,298			—			7,298
Contract liabilities		—			—			—			393,598			—			393,598
Advance from customers		—			—			—			151,089			—			151,089
Operating lease liabilities		—			—			1,500			21,397			—			22,897
Net liabilities of the VIE(2)		206,553			206,553			206,553			—			(619,659	)		—
Total liabilities		207,183			206,553			394,359			696,176			(775,619	)		728,652
Total mezzanine equity		664,160			—			—			—			—			664,160
Total shareholders’ deficit		(789,346	)		(124,574	)		(164,853	)		(206,553	)		495,980			(789,346	)

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	As of June 30, 2021
	QuantaSing Group Limited			Other subsidiaries			Primary beneficiary of the VIE			The VIE and its subsidiaries			Elimination			Consolidated
	(RMB in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents		—			—			375			24,726			—			25,101
Short-term investments		—			—			8,001			21,628			—			29,629
Accounts receivable, net		—			—			—			99,127			—			99,127
Amounts due from related parties		—			—			—			2,448			—			2,448
Amounts due from intra-group companies(3)		—			—			—			500			(500	)		—
Prepayments and other current assets		—			—			3,359			115,223			—			118,582
Operating lease right-of-use assets		—			—			42			9,302			—			9,344
Property and equipment, net		—			—			1,446			3,303			—			4,749
Intangible assets, net		—			—			—			33,332			—			33,332
Other non-current assets		—			—			1,090			6,824			—			7,914
Total assets		—			—			14,313			316,413			(500	)		330,226
Accounts payables		—			—			—			74,462			—			74,462
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		—			—			17,130			51,765			—			68,895
Amounts due to related parties		—			—			12,546			7,000			—			19,546
Amounts due to intra-group companies(3)		—			—			500			—			(500	)		—
Income tax payable		—			—			—			2,303			—			2,303
Contract liabilities		—			—			—			294,087			—			294,087
Advance from customers		—			—			—			133,201			—			133,201
Operating lease liabilities		—			—			37			9,033			—			9,070
Deferred tax liabilities		—			—			—			8,168			—			8,168
Deficit in subsidiaries(2)		15,900			15,900			—			—			(31,800	)		—
Net liabilities of the VIE(2)		263,606			263,606			263,606			—			(790,818	)		—
Total liabilities		279,506			279,506			293,819			580,019			(823,118	)		609,732
Total invested deficit		(279,506	)		(279,506	)		(279,506	)		(263,606	)		822,618			(279,506	)

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Condensed consolidating cash flows information

	For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022
	QuantaSing Group Limited			Other subsidiaries			Primary beneficiary of the VIE			The VIE and its subsidiaries			Elimination			Consolidated
	(RMB in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash (used in)/provided by transactions with external parties		(49	)		85			(223,119	)		495,719			—			272,636
Net cash provided by/(used in) transactions with intra-group companies related to technical consulting and related service under VIE agreements(1)		—			—			239,597			(239,597	)		—			—
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities		(49	)		85			16,478			256,122			—			272,636
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net cash (used in)/provided by transactions with intra-group companies(4)		(47,116	)		(64,236	)		—			(155,960	)		267,312			—
Net cash (used in)/provided by transactions with third-parties		—			—			(70,833	)		(31,836	)		—			(102,669	)
Net cash (used in)/provided by transactions with related parties		—			—			—			(5,912	)		—			(5,912	)
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities		(47,116	)		(64,236	)		(70,833	)		(193,708	)		267,312			(108,581	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net cash provided by/(used in) transactions with intra-group companies(4)		—			47,116			220,196			—			(267,312	)		—
Net cash provided by/(used in) transactions with related parties		47,183			51,686			(23,549	)		(3,691	)		—			71,629
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities		47,183			98,802			196,647			(3,691	)		(267,312	)		71,629
Effect of exchange rate changes		—			5,628			14			—			—			5,642
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		18			40,279			142,306			58,723			—			241,326
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year		—			—			375			24,726			—			25,101
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash at the end of the year		18			40,279			142,681			83,449			—			266,427

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	For the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021
	QuantaSing Group Limited		Other subsidiaries		Primary beneficiary of the VIE			The VIE and its subsidiaries			Elimination		Consolidated
	(RMB in thousands)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net cash (used in)/provided by transactions with external parties		—		—		(174,449	)		253,874			—		79,425
Net cash provided by/(used in) transactions with intra-group companies related to technical consulting and related service under VIE agreements(1)		—		—		204,121			(204,121	)		—		—
Net cash provided by operating activities		—		—		29,672			49,753			—		79,425
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net cash used in transactions with third parties		—		—		(9,471	)		(53,384	)		—		(62,855	)
Net cash provided by/(used in) transactions with related parties		—		—		1,755			(1,253	)		—		502
Net cash used in investing activities		—		—		(7,716	)		(54,637	)		—		(62,353	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net cash (used in)/provided by transactions with related parties		—		—		(21,581	)		488			—		(21,093	)
Net cash (used in)/provided by financing activities		—		—		(21,581	)		488			—		(21,093	)
Effect of exchange rate changes		—		—		—			—			—		—
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		—		—		375			(4,396	)		—		(4,021	)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the year		—		—		—			29,122			—		29,122
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year		—		—		375			24,726			—		25,101

Notes to the condensed consolidating financial information:

(1) Represents the elimination of the intercompany technical consulting and related service charges under the contractual arrangements at the consolidation level. In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, the total amount of the service fees that charged to the VIE by our WFOE under the relevant agreements was RMB185.0 million and RMB230.3 million, respectively. In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, the total amount of the service fees that the VIE paid to our WFOE under the relevant agreements was RMB204.1 million and RMB239.6 million, respectively.

(2) Represents the elimination of the net consolidated balances among QuantaSing Group Limited, other subsidiaries, primary beneficiary of the VIE, and the VIE and its subsidiaries.

(3) Represents the elimination of intercompany balances among QuantaSing Group Limited, other subsidiaries, primary beneficiary of the VIE, and the VIE and its subsidiaries. The balances as of June 30, 2021 were related to intercompany prepayment and payables for the technical consulting and related service charges under the contractual arrangements. The balances as of June 30, 2022 were related to the intercompany loan of RMB156.0 million provided by the VIE to the primary beneficiary of the VIE for cash management purposes.

(4) Represents the elimination of intra-group investments and loans related cash activities among QuantaSing Group Limited, other subsidiaries, primary beneficiary of the VIE, and the VIE and its subsidiaries. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022, (i) QuantaSing Group Limited provided an aggregate of capital contribution of RMB47.1 million to other subsidiaries; (ii) other subsidiaries made a capital injection of RMB64.2 million to the primary beneficiary of the VIE; and (iii) and the VIE also provided an intercompany loan of RMB156.0 million to the primary beneficiary of the VIE for cash management purpose. These transactions were eliminated at the consolidation level.

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Key Operating Metrics

The following table presents certain key operating data as of/for the periods indicated.

	As of June 30,				As of September 30, 2022		As of November 30, 2022
	2021		2022
	(in millions)
Registered users
Financial literacy		17.0		50.4		56.3		59.7
Other personal interests		—		8.4		11.8		15.4
Total registered users		17.0		58.8		68.1		75.1
Introductory course learners(1)
Financial literacy		11.9		24.0		26.6		28.3
Other personal interests		—		3.5		5.4		7.1
Total introductory course learners		11.9		27.5		32.0		35.4

	For the fiscal year ended June 30,						For the three months ended September 30, 2022			For the five months ended November 30, 2022
	2021			2022
	(in millions, except for percentages)
Paying learners
Financial literacy		0.8			1.0			0.2			0.4
Other personal interests		—			0.1			0.1			0.1
Total paying learners		0.8			1.1			0.3			0.5
Repeat purchase rate		29.3	%		49.5	%		40.9	%		41.1	%

(1) We offer our introductory-level courses free of charges or, occasionally, for a nominal price, which was generally no more than RMB9.9 as of November 30, 2022.

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in the ADSs involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below, before making an investment in the ADSs. Any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition, and our ability to pay dividends. In any such case, the market price of the ADSs could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We have a limited history in providing adult personal interest learning services and have grown rapidly. Our historical operating and financial performance as well as growth rate, however, may not be indicative of our future performance. If we fail to manage our growth or implement our future business strategies effectively, the success of our business may be compromised.

We began to offer our financial literacy learning services in July 2019, which accounted for 88.8%, 80.2% and 71.0% of our total revenues in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. In August 2021, we launched additional courses for other personal interests, which accounted for 6.8% and 17.7% of our total revenues in the fiscal year ended June 30, 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. We are continuously initiating new course offerings to further diversify and expand our business in online adult learning market for personal interest courses. As such, our limited history under the current business model may not serve as an adequate basis for evaluating our prospect and future operating and financial results, including, among others, our revenue growth, operating cash flows, operating margins, conversion and repeat purchase rate. For instance, we have experienced significant growth in terms of the number of registered users and paying learners since the inception of our business. However, our progressive online course mode is relatively new and subject to many uncertainties, such as the attractiveness of the course mode, methods to project market demand, measurable industry standards, and monetization opportunities. The online adult learning market and the interests of the general public have also been evolving rapidly in recent years. We have encountered, and may continue to encounter, risks, challenges and uncertainties associated with operating an online adult learning market, such as expanding the learner base, increasing the number of paying learners and their spending, ensuring the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts, improving and expanding our offerings, addressing regulatory compliance and uncertainty, engaging and retaining high-quality staff, and building and managing reliable and secure IT systems and infrastructure. If we do not manage these risks successfully, our operating and financial results may suffer and differ materially from our historical performance and expectations.

If we are unable to continue to attract and retain learners, particularly paying learners, or increase their spending on our platforms, our business, results of operations, financial condition and future prospects will be materially and adversely affected.

We currently generate revenue primarily from the course fees paid by learners on our platforms. The success of our business depends heavily on the number of paying learners and the amount of fees that our learners are willing to pay, and the effectiveness of converting introductory course learners to paying learners over time. Our ability to continue to attract learners to attend and pay for our paid online courses and other offerings as well as to increase their spending on our platforms is critical to the continued success and growth of our business. If our learners do not purchase our premium courses or other paid services or products we may offer, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

Our ability to attract and retain learners in turn will depend on several factors particular to our learner engagement and retention capabilities, including, but not limited to, our ability to market our business and acquire new users and learners, the effectiveness of our progressive course made, the conversion of learners from

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introducing courses into paying learners, our ability to maintain the quality of the learning experience, the level of engagement of our live lectures, and the performance and rigor of our instructors and tutors. It also depends on our ability to develop and enhance the quality of our course offerings and other paid offerings to meet the changes in the online adult learning market and the evolving learner demands. However, we may not always be able to meet our learners’ expectations in terms of the quality and benefits of our offerings due to a variety of reasons, many of which are beyond our control. We may face learner dissatisfaction due to our learners’ perceptions of our failure to help them enhance their knowledge, achieve their learning goals, and their overall dissatisfaction over our offerings, instructors and tutors. We may also face learners’ reduced interest in financial literacy and other personal interest courses or other fields that our courses are designed for. In addition, we may also face other challenges such as (1) our ability to effectively market our offerings, enhance our brand awareness, and compete with comparable offerings; (2) negative publicity or perceptions regarding us or online learning services in general; (3) the emergence of alternative course modes; (4) increasing market competition, including price reductions by competitors that we are unable or unwilling to match; and (5) adverse changes in government policies or general economic conditions.

If one or more of these factors reduce the market demand for our offerings, especially our premium courses, our user base and, in particular, our paying learner base could be negatively affected, and the costs associated with customer acquisition and retention could increase. These developments could also harm our brand and reputation, which would negatively impact our ability to expand our business. If we are unable to continue to attract learners to pay for our courses and increase their spending on our course offerings, our revenue may decline and our growth prospects may be adversely affected. In addition, failure to maintain and increase our learner base could also affect our marketing services, which depends in part on the strength of our learner base. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

The interests and needs of the general public in the field of personal development is changing rapidly. If we fail to adapt and expand our course offerings to effectively and timely address the change of market demands, we may fail to maintain or increase our existing learner base or attract new learners and become less competitive.

Our course offerings primarily focus on courses relating to financial literacy and selected subjects on personal interests, such as short video production. Many of our learners attend and purchase our courses for personal interest and development needs such as personal wealth management, personal well-being and creative pursuits. Such needs may change from time to time due to various reasons, including, but not limited to, the shift of interests and trending topics. To attract new learners and increase revenue from existing learners, we need to continuously expand and adjust our course offerings to meet their evolving interests and needs. As such, our future growth and profitability depend in part on our ability to develop courses in response to our learners’ interests and demands in new course subjects. However, we may not have adequate financial or technological resources to respond to such changes and develop content efficiently to satisfy the demands for these new course subjects. Our lack of familiarity with new course subjects may make it more difficult for us to keep pace with the evolving customer demands and preferences. If the learners are no longer interested in the topics covered by our current courses, or if we are unable to develop content that addresses learners’ evolving needs or to enhance and improve our platforms in a timely manner, we may not be able to maintain or increase market acceptance of our platforms. In addition, there may be existing market leaders in the new course subjects that we intend to expand our courses into. These companies may compete more effectively than us by leveraging their deeper industry experience, stronger brand recognition, and greater funding on content development. If we fail to maintain adequate resources or compete effectively with our competitors, our business could be harmed. Furthermore, if we fail to comply with laws and regulations applicable to these new course offerings, our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

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We have a limited operating history with service offerings to enterprise customers. We cannot assure you that our new business initiatives and monetization strategies will be successfully implemented.

We continue to expand our services and products to grow our business. In February 2020, we launched our marketing services to enterprise customers. In June 2022, we launched our enterprise talent management services. We have a limited track record or experience in generating revenue from such new initiatives, which may adversely affect our prospects and ability to compete with the existing market players in the relevant fields. The endeavors to offer new services, contents and products, which are usually costly and time-consuming, could disrupt our ongoing business, divert our management resources, and require us to make significant investments in establishing and maintaining cooperative relations, pursuing R&D projects, and furthering sales and marketing efforts, all of which may not be successful. We may also have to optimize our employee structure to adapt to the evolving market and business conditions, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation. We cannot assure you that any of such new business initiatives will achieve market acceptance or generate sufficient revenues in a timely manner, or at all, to offset the costs and expenses incurred prior to their launch. We also cannot assure you that any such initiatives, will generate a desired level of profit or be compatible with our other offerings. If we are unsuccessful in the exploration of additional services due to financial constraints, failure to attract qualified personnel or other reasons, we may not be able to maintain or increase our revenue or recover any associated costs, expenses and expenditures, and our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

To seize the rising demands in oversea markets for online learning services, we are also exploring opportunities to expand into our service offering into overseas markets where we have limited experience in developing and operating overseas business. The investment and additional resources required to establish operations and manage growth in other countries may not produce desired levels of revenue or profitability, or at all. In addition, we may in the future introduce new services and products to further diversify our revenue streams, including services with which we have little or no prior operating experience. These activities may also require significant capital expenditures and investment of valuable management and financial resources, and our growth will continue to place significant demands on such resources. We cannot assure you that we will be able to effectively manage any future growth in an efficient, cost-effective and timely manner, or at all. If we do not effectively manage the growth of our new business and strategies, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We may face risks and uncertainties with respect to the licensing requirement for our business. Any lack of or failure to maintain requisite approvals, licenses or permits applicable to us may have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to government regulations for our operations in China. In particular, the online learning and live streaming business in China are highly regulated by the PRC government. As of the date of this prospectus, as advised by our PRC counsel, CM Law Firm, our WFOE and the affiliated entities have obtained the licenses, permits and registrations from the PRC government authorities necessary for our business operations in China, including, among others, the Value-added Telecommunications Business Operating License for internet information service (the “ICP License”), the Permit for Production and Operation of Radio and Television Programs, and the Publication Operation License, except for the License for Online Transmission of Audio-Visual Program (the “Audio-Visual License”) for offering certain courses in live streaming or audio-visual contents.

According to relevant PRC laws and regulations, no entities or individuals may provide internet audio-visual program services, which include making and editing of audio-visual programs concerning educational content and broadcasting such content to the general public online, without the Audio-Visual License, issued by the State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television (the “SAPPRFT”) (currently known as National Radio and Television Administration), or its local bureaus, and only state-owned or state-controlled entities are eligible to apply for an Audio-Visual License. See “Regulation — Regulations on Online Transmission of Audio-

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Visual Programs.” We have not obtained the Audio-Visual License for offering certain courses in live streaming format and video recordings of live streaming courses and certain other audio-video contents such as short, pre-recorded videos and audio podcasts through our platforms to our users. We are, however, not eligible to apply for such license since we are not a state-owned or state-controlled entity. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not been subject to any penalties imposed by, or any investigations initiated by, the relevant government authorities due to our provision of internet audio-visual contents through our platforms without any requisite license, but we may be subject to penalties, fines, legal sanctions or an order to suspend the provision of our relevant content in the future.

We cannot assure you that local PRC authorities will not adopt different enforcement practice or will not issue more explicit interpretation and rules or promulgate new laws and regulations from time to time to further regulate the online learning industry, which may subject us to additional licensing requirements. We may also be required to apply for and obtain additional licenses or permits for our operations in China as the interpretation and implementation of current PRC laws and regulations continue to evolve. We may be deemed to provide certain services or conduct certain activities and be subject to certain licenses, approvals, permits, registrations and filings due to the lack of official interpretations of the relevant terms under internet related PRC regulations and laws. For instance, due to the ambiguity of the definition of “online publishing service” under the PRC laws and regulations, the online distribution of content, including our audio-visual contents and other course materials, through our platforms, may be regarded as an “online publishing service” and, therefore, we or the affiliated entities may be required to obtain an Online Publishing Service License. Failure to obtain such licenses may subject us to fines, confiscation of relevant gains, suspension of the operations of our online platforms and other liabilities. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not been required by the relevant regulatory authorities to obtain such license, nor have we been subject to any penalties imposed by, or any investigations initiated by, the relevant government authorities for failure to obtain such license. However, we cannot assure that we or the affiliated entities will not be required to obtain such license or subject to penalties, fines, legal sanctions or an order to suspend the relevant services in the future.

The interpretation or implementation of existing laws and regulations are subject to changes from time to time, and the implementation of new laws and regulations is subject to uncertainties. If government authorities determine that our operations in China fall within the scope of business operations that require additional licenses, permits or approvals, we or the affiliated entities may not be able to obtain such licenses, permits or approvals in a timely manner or on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and failure to obtain such licenses, permits or approvals may subject us to fines, legal sanctions or an order to suspend our related operations. Moreover, we or the affiliated entities may fail to renew or update any of our existing licenses and permits in a timely manner and on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Government authorities may also from time to time issue new laws, rules and regulations and enhance enforcement of existing laws, rules and regulations, which could require us to obtain new and additional licenses, permits or approvals. Considerable uncertainties could exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of existing and future laws and regulations governing our business activities. If we or the affiliated entities are not able to comply with the applicable legal requirements, we may be subject to fines, confiscation of the gains derived from non-compliant operations, or suspension of non-compliant operations, any of which may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. Moreover, as we expand our business scope and explore different business initiatives, the business measures we have adopted or may adopt in the future may be challenged under PRC laws and regulations, and we or the affiliated entities may be required to apply for and obtain additional licenses, permits or approvals, make additional registrations, update our registrations or expand the scope of our permits and approvals. We cannot assure you that we or the affiliated entities will be able to meet these requirements in a timely manner, or at all.

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Our business depends on the success of our brand, and if we fail to maintain and enhance our brand recognition, we may face difficulty in expanding our services and attracting users and learners, and in turn our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition may be harmed.

We believe that market awareness of our brand has contributed, in part, to the success of our business. We currently operate our online learning services mainly under the brand of “QiNiu,” “JiangZhen,” and “QianChi.” We rebranded Qiniu from Kuaicai in January 2021 and Qianchi from Bancai in June 2022. Maintaining and enhancing our brand is critical to our efforts to increase the market awareness of our services and attract users and learners, which are in turn critical to our business growth. Our ability to maintain and enhance brand recognition and reputation depends primarily on the continued marketing activities and the increasing recognition of our course offerings by the public. Negative publicity about us and our business, brands (including the legacy brands), shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers, instructors, tutors and other employees, and the industry in which we operate can harm our brand recognition and reputation. In recent years, we have devoted significant resources to our brand promotion efforts, hiring and training our teaching staff and improving our course offerings, but we cannot assure you that these efforts will continue to be successful. If we are unable to further enhance our brand recognition, or if our brand image is negatively impacted by any negative publicity, regardless of its veracity, we may not be able to expand our services or attract new learners successfully or efficiently, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

We may be adversely affected by negative publicity concerning us or our business, brands, shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers, instructors, tutors and other employees, the industry in which we operate regardless of its accuracy.

Negative publicity about us and our business, brands (including the legacy brands), shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers, instructors, tutors and other employees, the industry in which we operate can harm our brand recognition and reputation. For instance, we have, from time to time, been subject to online complaints by alleged users or third parties claiming that our paid courses were overpriced and not useful, or claiming that the contents on our platforms and the description about our services are invalid and misleading, or against our current or legacy brands. We have also been subject to claims of fraudulent activities for the provision of our online learning services, which could harm consumer interests. Such negative publicity concerning the foregoing could be related to a wide variety of matters, including but not limited to:

• alleged misconduct or other improper activities committed by our instructors, tutors and other staff, including misrepresentation made by our employees to learners during sales and marketing activities, and other fraudulent activities to inflate or distort our offerings;

• false or malicious allegations or rumors about us or our instructors, tutors, directors, shareholders, affiliates, officers, and other staff;

• complaints by our learners about our sales and marketing activities;

• refund disputes of course fees between us and our learners or administrative penalties;

• breaches of confidentiality, in particular that of sensitive personal information;

• employment-related claims; and

• governmental and regulatory investigations or penalties resulting from our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations.

In connection with our marketing services to enterprise customers, we are also subject to the risk that users and third parties may attribute any fraudulent and inappropriate contents from enterprise customers to us, and direct their claims and complaints against us, which will have a material adverse impact on our reputation and business.

In addition to traditional media, there has been an increasing use of social media and similar tools in China, including instant messaging applications, social media websites and other forms of internet-based communications that provide individuals with access to a broad audience of consumers and other interested persons. The availability of information on instant messaging applications and social media is virtually

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immediate, without affording us an opportunity for redress or correction. The opportunity for dissemination of information, including inaccurate information, is seemingly limitless and readily available. Information concerning us, our shareholders, affiliates, directors, officers, instructors, tutors and other staff, may be posted on such platforms at any time. The risks associated with any such negative publicity or incorrect information cannot be completely eliminated or mitigated and may materially harm our brand, reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

We face intensive industry competition. If we fail to compete effectively, it could divert learners to our competitors, lead to pricing pressure and loss of market shares, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The online adult learning market in China is competitive, and we expect competition in this sector to persist and intensify. We face competition from other market participants in each part of our service offerings, including both individual online learning services and enterprise services. Some of our current or future competitors may have longer operating history, greater brand recognition, or greater financial, technical or marketing resources than we do. We compete with these industry participants across a range of dimensions, including, among others, high-quality instructors, technology infrastructure, data analytics capability, quality of services and learning experience, brand recognition, and scope of course offerings. Our competitors may adopt similar curriculums and marketing approaches, with different pricing and service packages that may have greater appeal than our offerings. In addition, some of our competitors may have more resources than we do and may be able to devote greater resources than we can to the development and promotion of their services. They may also respond more quickly than we can to the changes in learners’ preferences, market needs or new technologies. Therefore, we may have to reduce course fees or increase spending in response to such competition, which may impair our business, results of operations and financial condition. If we are unable to successfully compete for learners, maintain or increase the level of course fees, attract and retain competent instructors or other key personnel, or maintain the quality of our online learning services in a cost-effective manner, we may lose market shares to our competitors and our profitability and future prospects may also be materially and adversely affected.

If we are not able to improve or maintain the efficiency of our customer acquisition efforts, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

Our business success and expansion depend significantly on our ability to continue to grow our learner base. Customer acquisition in the online adult learning market is a sophisticated process that requires substantial resources and careful planning. We acquire new learners primarily through certain limited marketing channels, including popular live streaming mobile apps and/or social media such as Douyin, Weixin and Kuaishou. The outcome of our customer acquisition efforts depends on a number of factors, such as the efficacy of our sales and marketing activities, the cost incurred in customer acquisition, the competitiveness of our course offerings, and external market forces, some of which may be beyond our control. We have incurred significant sales and marketing expenses historically and we expect such trend will continue. For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, we incurred sales and marketing expenses of RMB1,694.9 million and RMB2,254.5 million (US$316.9 million), representing 96.3% and 78.6% of our total revenues during the same periods, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, we incurred sales and marketing expenses of RMB670.2 million and RMB581.2 million (US$81.7 million), representing 90.1% and 88.1% of our total revenues during the same periods, respectively. Our sales and marketing expenses primarily comprise marketing and advertising fees paid to third-party online social media to attract new users and promote our brands, and we expect such expenditures to continue to account for a significant portion of the operating expenses in the future. As such, the cost-effectiveness of our sales and marketing depends heavily on our ability to enhance returns from such marketing channels. However, we cannot assure that such expenditures will bring the desired benefits to our business and generate sufficient revenues to offset the costs and expenses incurred in a timely manner or at all. In addition, we cannot assure you that our sales and marketing activities, including those through our marketing channels, will be effective to grow our user or learner base as we anticipate, which will materially and adversely affect our results of operations and future prospects. To the extent that we fail to leverage such channels, or if

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there is any change, disruption or discontinuity in our marketing channels, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, the sales and marketing approaches, technologies and tools used in China’s online adult learning market are evolving, which requires us to enhance our marketing and branding approaches and experiment with new methods and technology to keep pace with industry developments and learners’ preferences. Failure to refine our existing sales and marketing approaches or to incorporate new approaches in a cost-effective manner may affect our revenue, operating margins and other financial indicators, as well as our market position and growth potentials.

Furthermore, our ability to enhance our customer acquisition efficiency also depends significantly on the effectiveness of our progressive course mode to attract users to our premium courses. Once we bring new users onto our platforms, we encourage them to attend our introductory courses, and subsequently, to enroll in our premium courses. Substantially all of our paying learners have previously attended our introductory courses. We cannot assure you that our progressive course mode will continue to enlarge our paying learner base as we anticipate. To the extent that we fail to maintain the effectiveness of such organic business mode in converting users to paying learners, our business, results of operations and financial conditions may be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to timely develop and enrich the contents of our course offerings to make them appealing to existing and prospective learners or in a cost-effective manner, or at all.

We continue to develop and enrich the contents of our course offerings to improve the learning experience and results. We proactively seek learner feedback and refer to market research to upgrade or enrich our course offerings, including improving the content and teaching methods for our existing courses and developing new contents. We develop, update and improve our course offerings and materials to stay abreast of learner feedback, market demand and new trends in course subjects, and we may, from time to time, adjust our course mix by ceasing the offering of outdated or unpopular courses and launching new courses. We cannot assure you, however, that the adjustments to our course mix will always be efficient or successful. We also rely in part on our intelligent tools for content development to generate insights on learners’ perception of and response to our course offerings, which allows us to adjust our courses accordingly. However, the modifications, updates and expansions of our existing course content and the development of new course subjects may not be accepted by or attractive to existing or prospective learners. The degree of acceptance and adoption may also deviate from our projections. We may also fail to introduce or deliver our course content and learning materials as swiftly as learners expect or as fast as our competitors introduce their comparable content and materials. Furthermore, offering new content and materials or upgrading existing ones may incur significant costs and expenses, human capital, management attention and other resources, and we may be unable to generate the level of return as we expect or at all. Our new offerings may also compete with or otherwise fail to fit well with our existing ones. If we are unsuccessful or inefficient in developing and modifying our course offerings, the quality and appeal of our course offerings and the learning experience could be impaired, which may materially and adversely affect our reputation and performance.

We have a limited number of instructors and content development staff, and may rely on certain top-quality instructors and content development staff for our course offerings. If we fail to engage, train and retain such staff or a sufficient number of them, or if they underperform, the quality of our course offerings and our ability to attract prospective learners may be materially and adversely affected.

Our instructors and content development staff are critical to the attractiveness of our course offerings, the learning experience, our reputation and market recognition, and our ability to convert more registered users to paying learners. In addition, the caliber and performance of our instructors, whether actual or perceived, are crucial to the quality of our offerings and the learning experience. The number of qualified personnel in the online adult learning market is limited, and we must provide competitive compensation and attractive career

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development opportunities to attract and retain them. We must also provide training and other support to our instructors and/or content development staff to ensure that they precisely capture the demand of learners and deliver course offerings effectively with consistent high quality. Furthermore, as we continue to develop new learning contents, we may need to engage additional instructors and/or content development staff with compatible skillsets.

However, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to provide the desired compensation, career paths and other opportunities to recruit, retain and support instructors or content development staff. Any of their departure may reduce the attractiveness of our course offerings, harm the course enrollments and result in temporary or prolonged disruptions to our operations. If our instructors and/or content development staff join our competitors, existing and potential learners may decide to follow and enroll in courses offered by our competitors, which may weaken our position in the market. In addition, we cannot assure you that our instructors can consistently deliver each session to meet our learners’ expectations or our standards, or otherwise maintain or improve their credentials and overall performance in line with the evolving requirements of our course offerings. Furthermore, from time to time, our reliance on certain top-quality instructors may expose us to concentration risks. As a result, any shortage of high-quality instructors or any significant increase in the cost to retain high-quality instructors could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to price our courses and other services effectively.

Our results of operations are affected by the pricing of our courses and other services, especially our premium courses. We consider a number of factors in determining the prices of our courses, primarily including our course quality and service capabilities, as well as the macroeconomic environment. We believe our high-quality course offerings have allowed us to price our courses effectively. However, our ability to price our courses and other services effectively may be subject to a number of factors, such as the market demand of our existing and new offerings, the changes in macroeconomic factors, in particular the individual disposable income and consumer spending, and the pricing of our competitors, many of which could be beyond our control. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations — Specific factors affecting results of operations — Ability to effectively price our courses.” If we fail to price our courses and other services effectively, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

The success and future growth of our business will be affected by the acceptance and interests of individual learners in online learning services and the market trends in the integration of technology and such services.

We primarily operate at the intersection of the online learning and technology industries, and our business model features the integration of technology and online learning services to provide an engaging and immersive online learning experience. However, adult personal interest learning is a relatively new concept in China, and there are limited proven methods to project learners’ demand or preference or available industry standards on which we can rely. The general public, many of whom are our potential learners, may not recognize and accept the concept of learning through digital platforms. They may also have concerns over the effectiveness of our platforms, considering our relatively new business model and the fragmented market landscape. Even with the proliferation of the internet and mobile devices in China, we believe that some of our target learners may still be inclined to choose traditional and face-to-face lessons and paper materials over pre-recorded videos, live streaming and online contents, as they could find the traditional method more reliable. As a result of the foregoing, the general public may not choose our platforms and may stay with traditional offline programs. If our offerings become less appealing to learners in the future, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

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If we fail to maintain and expand our relationships with enterprise customers, our ability to grow our enterprise services and revenue may be materially and adversely affected.

We launched our marketing services to enterprises in February 2020. Furthermore, we began to provide enterprise talent management services in June 2022 and have been exploring new opportunities with enterprise technical and operational support services to enterprise customers. We believe that our future success depends, in part, on our ability to grow our service offerings to enterprises, both by retaining and expanding our relationship with existing customers and attracting new ones. Our revenues generated from enterprise services was RMB144.3 million, RMB185.5 million (US$26.1 million), RMB42.6 million and RMB73.6 (US$10.3 million) in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We have experienced significant growth in our enterprise services, but we cannot assure you that we will continue to achieve similar growth, or achieve any growth at all, in the future. Our ability to retain enterprise customers and expand our services to them may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including enterprise customers’ satisfaction with our services, the growth of our online learning services to individual learners, the quality and timeliness of our customer success and customer support services, our prices, and the prices and features of competing services. If customers do not purchase additional services or renew their existing services, renew on less favorable terms, or fail to continue to expand their engagement with us, our revenue may decline or grow less quickly than anticipated, which would harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We are subject to the complex and evolving PRC laws and regulations, many of which are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in claims, changes to business practices, monetary penalties, increased cost of operations, or declines in learner growth or engagement, or otherwise harm our business.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that involve matters important to or may otherwise impact our business, including, among others, our service offerings, cybersecurity, data security, personal information protection, foreign exchange and taxation. The introduction of new products and services may also subject us to additional laws, regulations or other government scrutiny. Moreover, the PRC regulatory framework governing financial marketing services is involving, and new laws or regulations may be promulgated to impose new requirements or prohibitions that render our operations or services non-compliant. For instance, on December 31, 2021, the People’s Bank of China, jointly with other six government authorities, issued the draft of Measures for Administration of Internet Marketing of Financial Products for public comments, to regulate, among others, financial institutions and internet platform marketing financial products. If such draft measures is enacted as proposed, our existing business model in our marketing services to enterprise customers may be materially and adversely affected and therefore be adjusted to comply with such amendments, and thus our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

These laws and regulations are continually evolving and may change significantly. As a result, the application, interpretation and enforcement of these laws and regulations are often uncertain, particularly in the rapidly evolving industry in which we operate. In addition, these laws and regulations may be interpreted and applied inconsistently by different agencies or authorities, and inconsistently with our current policies and practices. These laws and regulations may also be costly to comply with, and such compliance or any associated inquiries or investigations or any other government actions may delay or impede our development of new services and products; result in negative publicity and increase our operating costs; require significant management time and attention; and subject us to remedies, administrative penalties and even criminal liabilities that may harm our business, including fines assessed for the current or historical operations in China, or demands or orders that we modify or cease existing business practices.

The promulgation of new laws or regulations, or the new interpretation of existing laws and regulations, in each case that restrict or otherwise unfavorably impact the ability or manner in which we provide our services could require us to change certain aspects of our business to ensure compliance, which could decrease demand for our products and services, reduce revenues, increase costs, require us to obtain more licenses, permits,

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approvals or certificates, or subject us to additional liabilities. To the extent any new or more stringent measures are required to be implemented, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We are subject to a variety of evolving laws and regulations regarding cybersecurity, data security and personal information protection. If the data security measures adopted by us underperform, or if we otherwise fail to protect data security and personal information as required by relevant laws and regulations or by our users, we may lose existing users, fail to attract new users, and be subject to liabilities and other negative consequences.

Maintaining data security and protecting personal information are critical to our business. We process a large amount of data and information in various aspects of our business, in particular certain personally identifiable information relating to our users. For instance, users generally provide their mobile phone number and/or social media account information used for user registration and mailing address and bank account information for receipt of our delivery and refund services. Such information is potentially vulnerable to cyber-attacks, computer viruses, physical or electronic break-ins or similar disruptions. We face risks inherent in handling large volumes of data and in protecting the security and privacy of such data. In addition, we are also subject to a variety of laws and regulations regarding cybersecurity, data security and personal information protection, including restrictions on the collection, storage and use of personal information and requirements to take steps to prevent personal data from being divulged, stolen or tampered with. To ensure the confidentiality and integrity of our data, we have implemented comprehensive and rigorous data security policies and measures to safeguard against unauthorized data access and disclosure to effectively address concerns related to privacy and data sharing. See “Business — Technology and Infrastructure — Data security and personal information protection.”

These policies and measures, however, may not be as effective as we anticipate. A party may nevertheless circumvent our security measures and disseminate or misappropriate proprietary and confidential information and jeopardize the confidential nature of such information. Any unauthorized or otherwise inappropriate disclosure or leakage of data, whether willful or accidental, may give rise to wrongful access, misuse or loss of our proprietary and confidential information or other records, which could disrupt our business and expose us to potential liabilities, costly litigations and negative publicity. If security measures are breached because of third-party action, employee error, malfeasance or otherwise, or if design flaws in our technology infrastructure are exposed and exploited, our relationships with users and business partners could be severely damaged, we could incur significant liability and our business and operations could be adversely affected. Furthermore, we have expanded our services to enterprise customers, including provision of enterprise talent management services, and have been exploring new opportunities with enterprise technical and operational support services. Any failure or perceived failure by us to prevent information security breaches or to comply with privacy policies or privacy-related legal obligations, or any compromise of security that results in the unauthorized release or transfer of personally identifiable information or other customer data, could cause our clients to lose trust in us and could expose us to legal claims. A security breach that leads to leakage of data and information of our users and/or customers could subject us to legal liabilities, regulatory sanctions, reputational damage and loss of user confidence. In addition, data breaches or any misconduct during the process of collection, analysis, and storage of data, could result in a violation of applicable PRC data privacy and protection laws and regulations, and subject us to regulatory actions, investigations or litigations. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not incurred any material actions, investigations or litigations relating to cybersecurity and personal information protection. However, we cannot guarantee that we will not encounter such incidents in the future. If any of such events occurs, we could incur significant costs in investigating and defending against them, and could be subject to negative publicity about our privacy and data protection practices, which may affect our reputation in the marketplace. Any potential risks related to our processing of data could require us to implement measures to reduce our exposure to liability, which may require us to expend substantial resources and limit the attractiveness of our services to learners. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected. Any of these issues could harm our reputation, adversely affect our ability to

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attract prospective learners, reduce their willingness to pay, or subject us to third-party lawsuits, regulatory fines or other action or liability. Any reputational damage resulting from breach of our security measures could create distrust of our company by prospective learners or investors. We may be required to spend significant additional resources to protect us against the threat of security measures breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such disruptions or breaches. Any concerns or claims about our practices and compliance with regard to the processing of personal information or other privacy-related matters, even if ungrounded, could damage our reputation and results of operations.

The PRC regulatory framework for data security and personal information protection is rapidly evolving, and we could face challenges in our continued compliance with the heightened regulatory scrutiny.

The PRC regulatory framework for data security and personal information protection is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. For instance, on June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (“SCNPC”) promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021. The PRC Data Security Law, among other things, requires data collection to be conducted in a legitimate and proper manner, and stipulates that, for the purpose of data security, data processing activities must be conducted based on data classification and hierarchical protection system. Furthermore, on July 7, 2022, the CAC promulgated the Security Assessment Measures for Outbound Data Transfer, effective from September 1, 2022, to regulate outbound data transfer activities, protect the rights and interests of personal information, safeguard national security and social public interests, and promote the cross-border security and free flow of data.

On August 20, 2021, the SCNPC passed the PRC Personal Information Protection Law (the “PIPL”), which took effect on November 1, 2021. The PIPL accentuates the importance of processors’ obligations and responsibilities for personal information protection and sets out the basic rules for processing personal information and the rules for cross-border transfer of personal information. Pursuant to the PIPL, a personal information processor is allowed to process (including to collect, store, use, transmit, provide, disclose and delete) personal information only under certain circumstances, such as processing with consent from such individual, or for necessity of performance of a contract to which such individual is a contracting party or statutory duties, management of human resource under the labor rules and regulations developed in accordance with the law or a collective contract signed in accordance with the law, protection of public interest, or reasonable usage of legally disclosed information. Processing of sensitive personal information, such as the personal information that is likely to result in damage to personal dignity, personal or property safety once illegally disclosed, as well as the personal information of minors under the age of 14, is subject to higher regulatory requirements including specific purpose, sufficient necessity, duty of explanation to such individuals and consent from a parent or a guardian of such minors. See “Regulation — Regulations on Privacy Protection” for details. We do not foresee any material impediments for us to comply with the PIPL and other existing PRC laws and regulations on cybersecurity, data security and personal data protection in all material respects, based on the following reasons: as of the date of this prospectus, (1) we have implemented comprehensive cybersecurity and data protection policies, procedures and measures to safeguard personal information rights and ensure secured storage and transmission of data and prevent unauthorized access or use of data; (2) there has been no material leakage of data or personal information or violation of cybersecurity and data protection and privacy laws and regulations by us which will have a material adverse impact on our business operations; (3) we have not been subject to any material fines or administrative penalties, mandatory rectifications, or other sanctions by any competent regulatory authorities in relation to the infringement of cybersecurity and data protection laws and regulations; (4) there has been no material cybersecurity and data protection incidents or infringement upon the rights of any third parties, or other legal proceedings, administrative or governmental proceedings, pending or, to the best of the knowledge of our company, threatened against or relating to our company; and (5) we have not been involved in any investigations on cybersecurity review initiated by the CAC on such basis and have not received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions in this respect.

We cannot assure you that our existing data security and personal information protection system and technical measures will always be considered sufficient under applicable laws, regulations and other privacy

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standards, or that we will comply with the applicable laws and regulation in all respects. If relevant government authorities interpret or implement these and other laws or regulations in ways that may negatively affect us, our current practice of collecting and processing data and personal information may be ordered to be rectified or terminated by regulatory authorities. We may also become subject to fines and other penalties which may have material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We could be adversely affected if PRC legislation or regulations require changes in business practices or privacy policies, or if the relevant PRC government authorities interpret or implement their legislation or regulations in ways that negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Refunds or potential refund disputes of our course fees may negatively affect our reputation, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

For our financial literacy courses, we generally offer paying learners for premium courses a full and unconditional refund within the first three months after their payment and before they unlock the courses. For details of our refund policy and revenue recognition, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Key Components of Results of Operations — Revenues.” For the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, we made refund payments of RMB137.4 million, RMB249.7 million (US$35.1 million), RMB73.9 million and RMB61.9 million (US$8.7 million), respectively, most of which were made pursuant to our tuition refund policy. The number of refund requests and the amount of refunds could be affected by a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. For instance, paying learners may request refund due to reasons including but not limited to their dissatisfaction with our offerings, privacy concerns, accuracy of advertising contents regarding us, negative publicity regarding us or the industry in general, and any change or development in related PRC laws and regulations. Furthermore, our paying learners may disagree with us over the terms of our refund policies, the interpretation of relevant clauses, and the resolution of refund-related issues. Any refund payments that we may be required to make to our learners, as well as the expenses and resources involved for processing refunds and resolving refund disputes, could be substantial and could adversely affect our business operations and financial condition. A high volume of refunds and refund disputes may also generate negative publicity that could harm our reputation, brand image and market position. We have experienced in the past, and may experience in the future, negative publicity in relation to refund disputes between us and our learners, which may significantly harm our brand name and divert our attention from operating our business.

We may be subject to liability claims for any inappropriate or illegal content in our course offerings and on our platforms, which could cause us to incur legal costs and suffer reputational damage and harm our future business prospects.

The PRC government and regulatory authorities have adopted regulations governing illegal content and information over the internet. Under these regulations, internet content providers are prohibited from posting or displaying over the internet content that, among other things, violates PRC laws and regulations, impairs the national dignity of China or the public interest, propagates superstition, insults others, or is obscene or violent. Internet content providers are also prohibited from displaying content that may be deemed by relevant government authorities as socially destabilizing or leaking state secrets of China. The PRC government and regulatory authorities strengthen the regulation on internet content from time to time. For instance, the Circular of the SAPPRFT on Issues Concerning Strengthening the Administration of Online Live Streaming of Audio-Visual Programs requires online audio-visual live streaming service providers to monitor the living streaming content, and to have an established emergency reaction plan to replace content that violates PRC laws and regulations.

We implement strict monitoring procedures to remove inappropriate or illegal content in our courses and on our platforms. However, we cannot assure you that there will be no inappropriate or illegal materials included in our courses and learning materials and on our platforms. Therefore, we may face civil, administrative or criminal liability if an individual or corporate, governmental or other entity believes that the contents in our course

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offerings or on our platforms violates any laws, regulations or governmental policies or infringes their legal rights. Even if such a claim were not successful, defending such a claim may cause us to incur substantial costs. Moreover, any accusation of inappropriate or illegal content in our content offerings and on our platforms could lead to significant negative publicity, which could harm our reputation and future business prospects.

Our reputation and business may be adversely affected by the misconduct and improper activities by our learners, teaching staff, other employees, enterprise customers and other stakeholders.

We could be liable for actions taken by misconduct and improper activities by our learners, teaching staff, other employees, enterprise customers and other stakeholders. For instance, we allow instructors to engage in real-time communication with our learners. Our courses undergo internal review and pilot testing before being broadcasted. We also monitor our live courses, chat messages and other content of our courses to ensure that we are able to identify content that may be deemed inappropriate or violation of laws, regulations and government policies. When any inappropriate or illegal content is identified, we will promptly remove such content. We have also adopted a set of intelligent tools to reduce the chance that such illegal or inappropriate content might appear on our platforms. However, since we have limited control over the real-time and offline behavior of our instructors, tutors, learners, as well as their behaviors outside our platforms, to the extent any improper behavior is associated with our platforms, our ability to protect our brand image and reputation may be limited.

In addition, if any of our learners and potential learners associated with our platforms or business suffer or allege to have suffered financial or other harm following the services and products provided or contact initiated on our platforms, we may face civil lawsuits or other liability claims initiated by the affected person or governmental or regulatory authorities. In response to allegations of illegal or inappropriate activities conducted on our platforms or any negative media coverage about us, PRC government authorities may intervene and hold us liable for non-compliance with PRC laws and regulations concerning the dissemination of information on the internet and subject us to administrative penalties or other sanctions, such as requiring us to restrict or discontinue some of the features and services provided on our platforms. As a result, our brand image and learner base may suffer, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

We are also exposed to the risks associated with our marketing services such as fraud or other misconduct of our enterprise customers, other stakeholders and other persons relating to our platforms. For instance, the enterprises that we serve may be subject to regulatory penalties because of their regulatory compliance failures, which may, directly or indirectly, disrupt our business. The legal liabilities and regulatory actions on our enterprise customers or other third parties involved in our business may affect our business activities and reputation and in turn, our results of operations. Other types of misconduct also include intentionally failing to comply with government regulations, engaging in unauthorized activities and misrepresentation to our prospective learners during marketing activities, which could harm our reputation. It is not always possible to deter such misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in controlling unknown or unmanaged risks or losses, which could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The marketing and promotion content on or relating to our platforms may subject us to penalties and other administrative actions or liabilities.

Under PRC advertising laws and regulations, we are obligated to monitor the marketing and promotion contents on our platforms to ensure that such content is true and accurate and in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Furthermore, the PRC Anti-Unfair Competition Law prohibits business operators from making false or misleading commercial promotions regarding its performance, functions, quality, sales, user feedback or accolades, to defraud or mislead customers. Violation of these laws and regulations may subject us to penalties, including fines, confiscation of the related income, orders to cease dissemination of the advertisements and orders to publish an announcement correcting the misleading information. We have been and

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could, from time to time in the future continue to be, subject to such penalties and fines. For instance, Beijing Feierlai historically received certain administrative penalties of warning and fines for making false and misleading promotion of its instructors and the effectiveness and benefits of its financial literacy course offerings. Moreover, in circumstances involving serious violations by us, PRC government authorities may force us to terminate our marketing or promotion-related operations or revoke our licenses. See “Regulation — Regulations on Advertisement.”

While we have made significant efforts to ensure that the marketing and promotion materials on our platforms are in full compliance with applicable PRC laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that all the content contained in such materials will always comply with the relevant advertising laws and regulations, especially given the uncertainty in the interpretation of these PRC laws and regulations. For instance, we cannot guarantee that all descriptions of our online courses on our mobile apps and other social medial platforms are precise representations of the underlying services that we offer to our learners. In addition, we may fail to consistently and/or clearly present our contents and offerings as advertisements, where applicable, as required by the relevant laws and regulations. Moreover, in connection with our marketing services for enterprises, although we generally require our enterprise customers to be responsible for the legality, authenticity and appropriateness of those materials and have little control over the activities and procedures of such enterprise customers to create and modify these materials, we are nevertheless obliged to refuse to display such materials on our platform if we know or should know those materials are not in compliance with PRC law and regulations. If we are found to be in violation of applicable PRC laws and regulations, we may be subject to penalties and our reputation may be harmed, which may negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have been and may continue to be subject to litigations, allegations, complaints, investigations and penalties from time to time, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have been and may continue to be involved in legal and other disputes, including labor disputes, customer complaints in relation to our refund policy, course advertisements, unfair competition and other dissatisfactions, contractual disputes, and administrative penalties in the ordinary course of our business operations. We have encountered and may also, in the future, encounter, disputes from time to time over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property rights and allegations against us for potential infringement of third party’s intellectual property rights, and we may not prevail in those disputes. Any claims against us, with or without merit, could be time consuming and costly to defend or litigate, divert our management’s attention and resources, or harm our brand equity. If a legal or administrative proceeding against us is successful, we may be required to pay substantial damages or fines and/or enter into agreements that may not be based upon commercially reasonable terms, or we may be unable to enter into such agreements at all. We may also lose, or be limited in, the rights to offer some of our content, products and services or be required to make changes to our content offerings or business model. As a result, the scope of our content, product and service offerings could be reduced, which could adversely affect our ability to attract new learners, harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have incurred cumulative net loss and have net current liabilities and total deficit in the past, and may not achieve or profitability in the future.

We have incurred cumulative net loss in the past. We generated net loss of RMB316.0 million, RMB233.4 million (US$32.8 million), RMB77.9 million and RMB97.3 million (US$13.7 million) in the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We had net current liabilities of RMB200.7 million (US$28.2 million) and total shareholders’ deficit of RMB847.6 million (US$119.2 million) as of September 30, 2022, primarily relating to our operating expenses. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate net profits or positive cash flow from operating activities in the future. Our ability to achieve and maintain profitability will depend in large part on our ability to maintain or increase our operating margin, either by growing our revenues at a rate faster than our costs and operating

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expenses increase, or by reducing our costs and operating expenses as a percentage of our revenues. Accordingly, we intend to continue to invest to attract new learners, hire high-quality instructors and tutors, and strengthen our technologies and data analytics capability to enhance learner experience. Our ability to achieve and maintain profitability will depend on the success of our existing and new service offerings, including our newly launched new course offerings and enterprise talent management services, which may result in a large amount of upfront investment, costs and expenses. As a result of the foregoing, we may not be able to achieve profitable or increase our profitability in the future.

Changes in our service offering mix may affect our results of operations.

Our results of operations have been, and are expected to continue to be, affected by changes in service offering mix. Our profit margins vary across different business lines, such as our online learning services and enterprise services. Our course fees also vary among different courses, such as between financial literacy courses and other personal interest courses, and between introductory courses and premium courses. We also adopt different revenue recognition and accounting treatment policies for our individual online learning services, and enterprise services. For our online courses, we typically collect our course fees in full upon course enrollment which are recognized over the longer of the corresponding contractual service period of the course and an estimated average learning time of the paying learners. For our marketing services to enterprises, we generally calculate and collect service fees based on the quality and quantity of the leads generated and/or amount of services offered. The revenue contribution of other personal interest courses and enterprise services to our total revenues is increasing, which affected, and may continue to affect, our overall profit margin and results of operations. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations — Specific factors affecting results of operations — Change in service offering mix.” We also began to provide enterprise talent management services and enterprise technical and operational support services to enterprise customers in June 2022. The different nature of such service offerings may further affect the overall profit margin and cost structure. Any future change in our service offering mix could subject our results of operations and financial condition to substantial uncertainties.

China’s online adult learning market, including the online adult learning market for personal interest courses, has been evolving rapidly. If we are unable to anticipate and adapt to industry trends in time, our business and prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

The online adult learning market in China, including the online adult learning market for personal interest courses, is constantly evolving. Our limited history as an online learning service provider may not serve as an adequate basis for evaluating our future prospect and results of operations, including our revenue, cash flows and profitability. We have encountered, and may continue to encounter in the future, risks, challenges and uncertainties associated with operating an internet-based business, such as building and managing reliable and secure IT systems and infrastructure, addressing regulatory compliance and uncertainty, and hiring and training IT support staff, all of which we have limited experience with. In addition, we may face additional risks and challenges associated with responding to evolving industry trends, standards and new developments, including new technologies and applications made possible by the increasing mobile penetration in China. If we do not rise up to the challenges successfully, our business may suffer and our operating and financial results may differ materially from our expectations.

Any global systemic economic and financial crisis could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Any prolonged slowdown in the Chinese or global economy may have a negative impact on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For instance, the global financial markets have experienced significant disruptions since 2008 and the United States, Europe and other economies have experienced periods of recession. The recovery from the lows of 2008 and 2009 has been uneven and there are new challenges, including the escalation of the European sovereign debt crisis from 2011 and the slowdown of Chinese economic

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growth since 2012, which may continue. The market panics over the global outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 and the drop in oil price have materially and negatively affected the global financial markets in March 2020, which may cause a potential slowdown of the world’s economy. There have also been concerns over unrest in Ukraine, the Middle East and Africa, which have resulted in volatility in financial and other markets, concerns over the significant potential changes to United States trade policies, treaties and tariffs, including trade policies and tariffs regarding China, concerns about the economic effect of the tensions in the relationship between China and surrounding Asian countries, and concerns over the rising level of inflation and worries that efforts to curb inflation may result in recession. For instance, if the inflation intensifies in China, we may have to increase the price level of our courses and enterprise services while our costs and operating expenses may also increase in the mean time. In that case, our profit margin will depend on our ability to pass on the additional costs and operating expenses to our customers. In addition, a rising inflation level will also have a negative impact on the willingness and ability of learners and enterprises to pay for our offerings, which will in turn reduce the demand of our offerings and negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. There were and could be in the future a number of domino effects from such turmoil on our business, including decreased interests in personal financing and wealth management, changes in consumption and investment behaviors, and lower willingness to pay for our courses.

Our business, results of operations and financial condition have been and may continue to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 has significantly affected China and many other countries. Since early 2020, the PRC government has imposed various measures to keep COVID-19 in check, including quarantine arrangements, travel restrictions, and stay-at-home orders from time to time. Such restrictions have adversely affected our operations, as it has caused inconvenience to our day-to-day operating activities. We have taken measures to minimize the impact of COVID-19 on our operations, including transitioning our employees to remote work and providing instructors with devices to facilitate remote course delivery during the pandemic. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic” for details of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business operations and the measures we have taken in response to the pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has broadly affected China’s online adult learning market and the macroeconomy. Our results of operations and financial performance have been and may continue to be adversely affected, to the extent that COVID-19 exerts long-term negative impact on the Chinese economy. Historically, the COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the growth of China’s online adult learning market, and in turn, our business growth. However, we are not able to quantify the proportion of the increase in revenue that is attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic as opposed to other factors contributing to our growth in the same periods. Furthermore, the circumstances that have driven our business growth during the COVID-19 pandemic may not persist in the future. Many of the restrictive measures previously adopted by the PRC governments at various levels to control the spread of the COVID-19 virus have been revoked or replaced with more flexible measures since December 2022. While the revocation or replacement of the restrictive measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic could have a positive impact on our normal operations, it may also shift the public’s focus to offline activities and reduce their interest in online learning. Moreover, there has recently been and may continue to be an increase in COVID-19 cases in China, and as a result, we experienced temporary disruption to our operations where many employees were infected with COVID-19 in December 2022. To the extent that future waves of COVID-19 disrupt normal business operations in China, we may face operational challenges with our services, and we likely will have to adopt similar remote work arrangements and other measures to minimize such impact. Moreover, any decline in the individual disposable income and learners’ willingness to spend on personal development opportunities due to a worsening economic performance and outlook as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic may also lessen demands for our services or put price pressure on our services. In addition, as we have expanded into more enterprise services, including enterprise talent management services, the demand from enterprise customers may also stagnate if they encounter operational and financial difficulties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The duration and extent of impact of such business disruptions, lower

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demands or price pressure on our results of operations and financial performance cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including the availability and effectiveness of any new vaccines and the emergence of any new COVID-19 variants, among others.

Any failures or underperformance of our information technology system and infrastructure, in particular those relating to live streaming and business intelligence, could reduce learner satisfaction, harm our reputation, and cause our services to be less attractive to our learners and customers.

The performance and reliability of our technology system and infrastructure are critical to our business operations. We rely on a combination of in-house and external technology system and infrastructure to provide our services, the failure or underperformance of which may materially disrupt our business operations. For instance, we rely on certain external service providers to support the delivery of our live courses. Any capacity or bandwidth limit, service interruptions or delays or other errors of the live streaming service providers could materially and adversely affect our learner experience, reputation and brand image and the business operations of the consolidated affiliated entities. In addition, our network infrastructure is currently deployed, and our data is mainly maintained by certain third-party cloud computing service providers in China. We depend on such service providers’ ability to protect their and our system in their facilities against events such as damage or interruption from natural disasters, power or telecommunications failures, air quality issues, environmental conditions, computer viruses or attempts to harm our systems, criminal acts and similar events, which events are beyond our control. If our arrangements with such service providers are terminated or if there is a lapse of service or damage to their facilities, we could experience interruptions in our service. Any interruptions in the accessibility of or deterioration it the quality of access to our platform and offerings could reduce the attractiveness of our services and products, impair learners’ satisfaction and result in reduction in the number of our learners, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on third-party service providers to support certain of our online course delivery and business operation and any disruption of or interference with our use of such third-party services would adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on third parties to support certain of our online course delivery and business operation, including sales and marketing activities on certain major social media platforms, such as Weixin, Douyin and Kuaishou. We are, therefore, vulnerable to problems experienced by such third-party service providers. We may experience interruptions, delays or outages with respect to our third-party service providers in the future due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human, hardware or software errors, hosting disruptions and capacity constraints. The level of services provided by these providers, or regular or prolonged interruptions in that service, could also adversely affect our learners’ experience, consequently, our business and reputation. In addition, costs generated from third parties’ services will increase as our learner base grows, which could adversely affect our business if we are unable to grow our revenue sufficiently to offset such increase. Furthermore, our providers have broad discretion to change and interpret the terms of service and other policies with respect to us, including the fees charged to us, and those actions may be unfavorable to our business operations. Our providers may also take actions beyond our control that could seriously harm our business, including discontinuing or limiting our access to one or more services, increasing service prices, terminating or seeking to terminate our contractual relationship altogether, or altering how we are able to process data in a way that is unfavorable or costly to us. Although we expect that we could obtain similar services from other third parties, if our arrangements with our current providers were terminated, we could experience interruptions in our ability to make our online live streaming courses available to learners, as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging for alternative services. As a result, we may incur additional costs, fail to attract or retain learners, or be subject to potential liability, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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Failure to protect our intellectual property rights, in particular those relating to trademarks and copyrights as well as the contents on our platforms, may undermine our competitive position, and litigation to protect such intellectual property rights or defend against third-party allegations of infringement may be costly and ineffective.

We believe that our copyrights, trademarks and other intellectual property are essential to our success. We have devoted considerable time and energy to the development and improvement of our course materials, platforms and technologies. We rely primarily on copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other contractual restrictions for the protection of the intellectual property used in our business. Nevertheless, these provide only limited protection and the actions we take to protect our intellectual property rights may not be adequate. Third parties may pirate our course materials and infringe upon or misappropriate our other intellectual property. Our trade secrets may become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. Infringement upon or the misappropriation of, our proprietary technologies, course contents or other intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. While we have taken steps to protect our proprietary rights, such steps may not be adequate to prevent the infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property.

As of the date of this prospectus, we have not registered certain trademarks for certain goods or services we use in our business, and are in the process of registering certain trademarks that are necessary based on the current scope of our business. Certain trademarks relating to and potentially important to our business have been registered by third parties, some of which relates to our key brands “QiNiu,” “JiangZhen,” and “QianChi.” We cannot assure you that any of our trademark applications will ultimately proceed to registration or will result in registration with adequate scope for our business, particularly if such requested trademarks are found to conflict with the registered trademarks owned by third parties, including our competitors. Some of our pending applications or registrations may be successfully challenged or invalidated by others. If our trademark applications are not successful, we may have to use different marks for the affected services, or seek to enter into arrangements with any third parties who may have prior registrations, applications or rights, which might not be available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.

We have been, and expect to continue to be involved with litigation and other legal proceedings to protect our intellectual property rights. For instance, certain of our competitors are infringing certain copyrights of our financial literacy course contents and we have sued such companies and claimed for, among others, injunctive relief and monetary damages. As of the date of this prospectus, some of such legal proceedings are still ongoing. Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, protect our trade secrets, or determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others. Such litigation, however, may be costly and divert management’s attention away from our business. An adverse determination in any such litigation would impair our intellectual property rights and may harm our business, prospects and reputation. Enforcement of judgments in China is uncertain, and even if we are successful in litigation, it may not provide us with an effective remedy. In addition, we have no insurance coverage against litigation costs and would have to bear all costs arising from such litigation to the extent we are unable to recover them from other parties. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources, and have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We may from time to time be subject to infringement claims relating to intellectual properties of third parties.

We cannot assure you that our course contents, IT technologies and platforms do not or will not infringe upon copyrights or other intellectual property rights held by third parties. We may encounter disputes from time to time over rights and obligations concerning intellectual properties, and we may not prevail in those disputes. For instance, we were historically subject to a competitor’s claim that we infringed the copyrights relating to their financial literacy course contents, which we eventually settled with that party. In addition, although we develop most of our introductory and premium level courses in house, we have obtained the license to use certain learning materials on our platforms from third parties. If our rights to such contents are disputed or if we lose

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such rights, we may be forced to remove the disputed content from the offerings as well as pay certain penalties. In this case, our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation would be adversely affected.

We have adopted policies and procedures to prohibit our employees from infringing upon third-party copyright or intellectual property rights. However, we cannot ensure that they will not, against our policies, use third-party copyrighted materials or intellectual property without proper authorization in our platforms or via any medium through which we provide our services. We may incur liability for unauthorized duplication or distribution of materials posted on our online platforms or mobile apps. We may be subject to claims against us alleging our infringement of third-party intellectual property rights in the future. Any such intellectual property infringement claim could result in costly litigation and divert our management attention and resources, which in turn could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If our senior management and other key personnel are unable to work together effectively or efficiently or if we lose their services, our business may be severely affected.

The continued services of our senior management and other key personnel are important to our continued success. If they cannot work together effectively or efficiently, our business may be severely disrupted. If one or more of our senior management members was unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we might not be able to replace them easily or at all, and our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected. If any of our senior management joins a competitor or forms a competing business, we face the risk of losing other key personnel, our instructors, technology and R&D and other staff, as well as our learners. Our senior management has entered into employment agreements with us which contain confidentiality clauses, as well as standalone confidentiality and non-compete agreements. However, if any dispute arises between our senior management and us, we may have to incur substantial costs and expenses in order to enforce such agreements in China or we may be unable to enforce them at all.

A material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting has been identified, and if we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we could be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence and the market price of the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected.

Prior to this offering, we have been a private company with limited accounting and financial reporting personnel and other resources with which we address our internal control over financial reporting. In the course of preparing and auditing our consolidated financial statements as of and for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, we and our independent registered public accounting firm identified one material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2022. As defined in the standards established by the PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim consolidate financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

The material weakness identified relates to lack of sufficient financial reporting and accounting personnel with appropriate knowledge of U.S. GAAP and reporting requirements set forth by the SEC to properly address complex U.S. GAAP technical accounting issues, and to prepare and review the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with U.S. GAAP and financial reporting requirements set forth by the SEC. The material weakness, if not remediated timely, may lead to material misstatements in our consolidated financial statements in the future. Prior to preparing for this offering, neither we nor our independent registered public accounting firm had undertaken a comprehensive assessment of our internal control under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for purposes of identifying and reporting material weaknesses and other control deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. Had we performed a formal assessment of our internal control over financial reporting or had our independent registered public accounting firm performed an audit of our internal control over financial reporting, additional deficiencies may have been identified.

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To remedy our identified material weakness, we have begun to, and will continue to, improve our internal control over financial reporting. For details, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Internal Control over Financial Reporting.” The implementation of these measures, however, may not fully address the material weakness identified in our internal control over financial reporting, and we cannot conclude that it has been fully remedied. Our failure to correct the material weakness or our failure to discover and address any other material weaknesses or deficiencies could result in inaccuracies in our financial statements and impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. Moreover, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could significantly hinder our ability to prevent fraud.

Upon the completion of this offering, we will become a public company in the United States subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (the “Section 404”) will require that we include a report from management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 20-F beginning with our annual report in our second annual report on Form 20-F after becoming a public company. In addition, once we cease to be an “emerging growth company” as such term is defined in the JOBS Act, our independent registered public accounting firm must attest to and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. Our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Moreover, even if our management concludes that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, our independent registered public accounting firm, after conducting its own independent testing, may issue a report with adverse opinion on our internal control over financial accounting if it is not satisfied with our internal controls or the level at which our controls are documented, designed, operated or reviewed, or if it interprets the relevant requirements differently from us. In addition, after we become a public company, our reporting obligations may place a significant strain on our management, operational and financial resources and systems for the foreseeable future. We may be unable to timely complete our evaluation testing and any required remediation.

During the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, we may identify other weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail to maintain the adequacy of our internal control over financial reporting, as these standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, we may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting in accordance with Section 404. Generally, if we fail to achieve and maintain an effective internal control environment, it could result in material misstatements in our financial statements and could also impair our ability to comply with applicable financial reporting requirements and related regulatory filings on a timely basis. As a result, our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, as well as the trading price of the ADSs, may be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, ineffective internal control over financial reporting could expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets and subject us to potential delisting from the stock exchange on which we list, regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions. We may also be required to restate our financial statements from prior periods.

If we fail to adopt new technologies, our competitive position and ability to generate revenues may be materially and adversely affected.

The technology used in online learning services may evolve rapidly. We must anticipate and adapt to such technological changes in a timely fashion, including but not limited to those relating to live broadcasting, data analytics and artificial intelligence. If we fail to upgrade our existing technologies or adopt new technologies important to our business, our ability to enhance and expand our course and other offerings, enlarge our learner base and encourage spending on our course and other offerings may be impaired. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected.

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Any change, disruption, discontinuity in the features and functions of major social media in China could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We leverage social media in China as a tool for learner acquisition and engagement. For instance, we acquire new learners through social media, such as Weixin, Douyin and Kuaishou, and our course operations depend in part on Weixin. To the extent that we fail to leverage such platforms, our ability to attract or retain learners may be severely harmed. If any of these platforms makes changes to its functions or support unfavorable to us, or even stops offering its functions or support to us, we may not be able to locate alternative platforms of similar scale to provide similar functions or support on commercially reasonable terms in a timely manner, or at all. Furthermore, we may fail to establish or maintain relationships with additional social network operators to support the growth of our business on economically viable terms, or at all. Any interruption to or discontinuation of our relationships with major social network operators in China may severely and negatively impact our ability to continue growing our learner base, and any occurrence of the circumstances mentioned above may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our platforms incorporate open-source software, which may pose risks and uncertainties in a manner that negatively affects our business.

We currently use certain open-source software on our online platforms and will continue to do so in the future. There is a risk that open-source software licenses could be construed in a manner that imposes unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to provide or distribute our content on our online platforms. Additionally, we may face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding release of, the open-source software or derivative works that we developed using such software. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to make our software source code freely available, purchase a costly license or cease offering the implicated products or services unless and until we can re-engineer them to avoid infringement. This re-engineering process could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to complete it successfully. As a result, our business, results of operations and financial condition might be adversely and materially affected.

We are subject to risks related to third-party payment processing.

We accept payments through major third-party online payment channels in China and bank transfers from our customers. We may also be susceptible to fraud, user data leakage and other illegal activities in connection with the various payment methods we offer. In addition, our business depends on the billing, payment and escrow systems of the third-party payment service providers to maintain accurate records of payments by customers and collect such payments. If the quality, utility, convenience or attractiveness of these payment processing and escrow services declines, or if we have to change the pattern of using these payment services for any reason, the attractiveness of our company could be materially and adversely affected. We are also subject to various rules, regulations and requirements, regulatory or otherwise, governing electronic funds transfers which could change or be reinterpreted to make it difficult or impossible for us to comply. If we fail to comply with these rules or requirements, we may be subject to fines and higher transaction fees and become unable to accept the current online payments solutions from customers, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Business involving online payment services is subject to a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect third-party online payment service providers’ ability to provide payment processing and escrow services to us, including:

• dissatisfaction with these online payment services or decreased use of their services;

• increasing competition, including from other established Chinese internet companies, payment service providers and companies engaged in other financial technology services;

• changes to rules or practices applicable to payment systems that link to third-party online payment service providers;

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• breach of customers’ personal information and concerns over the use and security of in-formation collected from buyers;

• service outages, system failures or failures to effectively scale the system to handle large and growing transaction volumes;

• increasing costs to third-party online payment service providers, including fees charged by banks to process transactions through online payment channels, which would also increase our costs of revenues; and

• failure to manage funds accurately or loss of funds, whether due to employee fraud, security breaches, technical errors or otherwise.

We currently have limited business insurance coverage.

Insurance companies in China currently do not offer as extensive an array of insurance products as insurance companies in more developed economies. We rarely maintain liability insurance or property insurance policies covering users, equipment and facilities for injuries, death or losses due to fire, earthquake, flood or any other disaster. Consistent with customary industry practice in China, we rarely maintain any business interruption insurance or key-man life insurance. We have determined that the costs of insuring for these risks and the difficulties associated with acquiring such insurance on commercially reasonable terms make it impractical for us to have such insurance. Any uninsured business disruptions may result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of resources, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We face uncertainties with respect to our leased properties.

We lease real properties from third parties primarily for our offices in China, and the lease agreements for most of these leased properties have not been registered with the PRC government authorities as required by PRC law. Although the failure to do so does not in itself invalidate the leases, we may be ordered by the PRC government authorities to rectify such noncompliance and, if such noncompliance were not rectified within a given period of time, we may be subject to fines imposed by PRC government authorities ranging from RMB1,000 and RMB10,000 for those of our lease agreements that have not been registered with the relevant PRC government authorities. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not aware of any regulatory or governmental actions, claims or investigations being contemplated or any challenges by third parties to our use of such leased properties. However, we cannot assure you that the government authorities will not impose fines on us due to our failure to register any of our lease agreements, which may negatively impact our financial condition. In addition, the ownership certificates or other similar proof of some of our leased properties have not been provided to us by the relevant lessors. Therefore, we cannot assure you that such lessors are entitled to lease the relevant real properties to us. If the lessors are not entitled to lease the real properties to us and the owners of such real properties decline to ratify the lease agreements between us and the respective lessors, we may not be able to enforce our rights to lease such properties under the respective lease agreements against the owners. If this occurs, we may have to renegotiate the leases with the owners or other parties who have the right to lease the properties, and the terms of the new leases may be less favorable to us. In addition, in the event that our use of properties is successfully challenged, we may be forced to relocate. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not aware of any claim or challenge brought by any third parties against us or our lessors with respect to the defects in our leasehold interests. We cannot assure you that suitable alternative locations are readily available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and we may be unable to relocate our offices in a timely manner, which may adversely affect our business.

Failure to make adequate contributions to social insurance and housing fund as required by PRC regulations may subject us to penalties.

In accordance with the PRC Social Insurance Law and the Administrative Measures on Housing Fund and other relevant laws and regulations, an employer is required to pay basic pension insurance, basic medical

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insurance, work-related injury insurance, unemployment insurance, maternity insurance and housing fund (the “Employee Benefits”), for its employees in accordance with the rates provided under relevant regulations and withhold the Employee Benefits that should be assumed by the employees. We have not made sufficient contribution of the Employee Benefits for some employees. We have been, and may, from time to time, be subject to case-by-case requests to make up for our insufficient contributions to the Employee Benefits and/or, if any, the associated late fees or fines. We have made adequate provision in relation to the insufficient contribution of the Employee Benefits in our financial statements. However, we cannot assure you that the relevant government authorities will not, in the future, require us to pay the outstanding amount and impose late fees or fines on us, in which case our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Increases in labor costs, inflation and implementation of stricter labor laws in the PRC may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Under the PRC Labor Contract Law, employees have the right, among others, to have written employment contracts, to enter into employment contracts with no fixed term under certain circumstances, to receive overtime wages and to terminate or alter terms in labor contracts. Because the PRC government authorities have introduced various new labor-related regulations since the PRC Labor Contract Law took effect, and the interpretation and implementation of these regulations are still evolving, our employment practice could violate the PRC Labor Contract Law and related regulations and could be subject to related penalties, fines or legal fees. We have been, and may in the future be, subject to certain employment related disputes from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will not be subject to any material labor disputes or penalties from regulatory authorities in the future. If we are subject to severe penalties or incur significant legal fees in connection with labor law disputes or investigations, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected.

China’s overall economy and the average salary have increased in recent years and are expected to continue to grow. The average salary level for our employees has also increased in recent years. We expect that our labor costs, including salaries and employee benefits, will continue to increase. Unless we are able to pass on these increased labor costs to our customers by attracting new paying learners, increase learners’ spending on our offerings or increasing the prices of our offerings, our business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected.

We may, from time to time, evaluate and potentially consummate investments and acquisitions or enter into alliances, which may require significant management attention and adversely affect our business operations, results of operations and financial condition.

We may evaluate and consider strategic investments, combinations, acquisitions or alliances to further increase the value of our platforms and better serve our learners and enterprise customers. We may not be able to identify suitable strategic alliances or acquisition opportunities, complete such transactions on commercially favorable terms, or successfully integrate business operations, infrastructure and management philosophies of acquired businesses and companies. Furthermore, these transactions could be material to our business if consummated. We may not have the financial resources necessary to consummate any acquisitions in the future or the ability to obtain the necessary funds on satisfactory terms. There may be particular complexities, regulatory or otherwise, associated with further expansion into new markets, and our strategies may not succeed beyond our and current markets. Any future acquisitions may also result in significant transaction expenses in addition to integration and consolidation risks. Because acquisitions historically have not been a core part of our growth strategy, we have no material experience in successfully utilizing acquisitions. We may not have sufficient management, financial and other resources to integrate any such future acquisitions or to successfully operate new businesses, and we may be unable to profitably operate our expanded company. If we are unable to effectively address these challenges, our ability to execute acquisitions will be impaired, which could have an adverse effect on our growth.

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We rely on certain key operating metrics to evaluate the performance of our business, and real or perceived inaccuracies in such metrics may harm our reputation and negatively affect our business.

We rely on certain key operating metrics, such as the number of registered users, introductory course learners and paying learners, among other things, to evaluate the performance of our business. Our operating metrics may differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics used by other companies due to differences in methodology and assumptions. We calculate these operating metrics using internal company data and certain external data. If we discover material inaccuracies in the operating metrics we use, or if they are perceived to be inaccurate, our reputation may be harmed and our evaluation methods and results may be impaired, which could negatively affect our business. If investors make investment decisions based on operating metrics we disclose that are inaccurate, we may also face potential lawsuits or disputes.

Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations.

We generally face a higher number of learners on our platforms in summer vacations and other long holidays when the adults have more spare time for learning, as well as when our and the overall marketing and promotional activities are more active. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Selected Quarterly Results of Operations.” Overall, the historical seasonality of our business has been relatively mild due to our rapid growth, but seasonality may increase in the future. Due to our limited history, the seasonal trends that we have experienced in the past may not be indicative of our future prospects. Our results of operations and financial condition for future periods may continue to fluctuate. As a result, the trading price of the ADSs may fluctuate from time to time due to seasonality.

We have adopted share option plans and expect to grant share-based awards under such plans, which may result in increasing share-based compensation expenses.

In connection with our restructuring and spin-off, we adopted our 2018 share incentive plan (the “2018 Plan”) and 2021 global share plan (the “2021 Plan”) in May 2022 to reflect the respective interests of grantees prior to the restructuring and spin-off and to provide for future incentive grants to our employees, directors and consultants. Under the 2018 Plan and the 2021 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of shares which may be issued pursuant to all awards is 21,717,118 shares. Effective upon the completion of this offering, an additional number of Class A ordinary shares equal to 10% of the total issued and outstanding ordinary shares immediately upon the completion of this offering (without taking into account of the number of shares issuable pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs in this offering) will be reserved for the 2021 Plan. As of the date of this prospectus, options to purchase a total of 18,640,751 ordinary shares have been granted and not exercised under the 2021 Plan, and no options have been granted under the 2018 Plan. We recorded share-based compensation of RMB101.8 million, RMB291.4 million (US$41.0 million), RMB29.1 million and RMB46.4 million (US$6.5 million) for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022 and the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2022, respectively. We may continue to record significant share-based compensation expenses in relation to such share option grants. We expect to grant awards under such plans, which we believe is of significant importance to our ability to attract and retain key personnel and employees and may therefore record additional amount of share-based compensation expenses. See “Management — Share Incentive Plans” for details. As a result, our expenses associated with share-based compensation may increase, which may have an adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The performance of the internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks in China is critical to our business.

The performance of the internet infrastructure and telecommunications networks in China is critical to our business. Almost all access to the internet is maintained through state-owned telecommunications operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the PRC (the “MIIT”). Moreover, we have entered into contracts with various subsidiaries of a

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limited number of telecommunications service providers at provincial level and rely on them to provide us with data communications capacity through local telecommunications lines. We have limited access to alternative networks or services in the event of disruptions, failures or other problems with China’s internet infrastructure or the telecommunications networks provided by telecommunications service providers. With the expansion of our business, we may be required to upgrade our technology and infrastructure to keep up with the increasing traffic on our online platform. However, we have no control over the costs of the services provided by telecommunications service providers. If the prices we pay for telecommunications and internet services rise significantly, our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. If internet access fees or other charges to internet users increase, our user traffic may decline, and our business may be harmed.

We may need additional capital in the future to pursue our business objectives.

We may need to raise additional capital to respond to business challenges or opportunities, accelerate our growth, develop new offerings or enhance our technological capacities. Due to the unpredictable nature of the capital markets and our industry, we cannot assure you that we will be able to raise additional capital on terms favorable to us, or at all, if and when required, especially if we experience disappointing results of operations. If adequate capital is not available to us as required, our ability to fund operations, take advantage of unanticipated opportunities, develop or enhance our infrastructure or respond to competitive pressures could be significantly limited. If we do raise additional funds through the issuance of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interests of our shareholders could be significantly diluted. These newly issued securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to those of existing shareholders.

Natural disasters and unusual weather conditions, power outages, pandemic outbreaks, terrorist acts, global political events and other extraordinary events could materially and adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and future prospects.

In addition to the impact of COVID-19, natural disasters, such as fires, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, unusual weather conditions, power outages, other pandemic outbreaks, terrorist acts or disruptive global political events, or similar disruptions could materially and adversely affect our business operations and financial performance. These events could result in server interruptions, breakdowns, system failures, technology platform failures or internet failures, which could cause the loss or corruption of data or malfunctions of software, hardware, storage and network. Any interruptions to our live streaming capabilities due to extraordinary event can materially affect our ability to grow our learner base and impair our user experience, disrupt normal business operations, and be detrimental to our reputation and growth prospects. In addition, in recent years, there have been other breakouts of epidemics in China and globally. Normal business operations could be disrupted if one of our employees is suspected of having H1N1 flu, avian flu, or another epidemic, since it could require our employees to be quarantined and/or our offices to be disinfected. Our results of operations could be also adversely affected to the extent that any of the extraordinary events harms the PRC economy in general.

Risks Related to Our Corporate Structure

If the PRC government deems that our contractual arrangements with the VIE do not comply with PRC regulatory restrictions on foreign investment in the relevant industries, or if these regulations or the interpretation of existing regulations change in the future, the ADSs may decline in value or become worthless if we are unable to assert our contractual control rights over the assets of the affiliated entities that conduct substantially all of the revenue-generating operations.

In June 2018, MOFCOM and the National Development and Reform Commission (the “NDRC”) promulgated the Special Administrative Measures (Negative List) for Foreign Investment Access (the “Negative List”), which became effective on July 28, 2018, in order to amend the Guidance Catalog of Industries for Foreign Investment. The Negative List was latest amended on December 27, 2021. Pursuant to the latest

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Negative List, foreign ownership in entities that provide internet and other related businesses, including but not limited to, certain value-added telecommunication services, internet audio-visual program services and radio and television program production and operation, is subject to restrictions under current PRC laws and regulations, unless certain exceptions are available. Specifically, the operation of certain value-added telecommunications services is considered as “restricted,” while the provision of radio and television program production and operation and the internet audio-visual program services are considered as “prohibited.”

QuantaSing Group Limited is a Cayman Islands holding company with no substantive operations. Beijing Liangzizhige, our WFOE, is our wholly-owned PRC subsidiary and a foreign-invested enterprise under PRC laws. Accordingly, our WFOE is not eligible to engage in businesses that are subject to foreign ownership restriction under the PRC laws. We currently conduct our business in China through the contractual arrangements entered into by our WFOE with the VIE based in China. Investors in the ADSs are purchasing the equity securities of QuantaSing Group Limited, the Cayman Islands holding company, rather than the equity securities of the VIE or its subsidiaries. Our WFOE has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder, which enable us to (1) be considered as the primary beneficiary of the VIE for accounting purposes and consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities, (2) receive substantially all of the economic benefits of the affiliated entities, (3) have the pledge right over the equity interests in the VIE as the pledgee, and (4) have an exclusive option to purchase all or part of the equity interests in the VIE when and to the extent permitted by PRC law. We have been and expect to continue to be dependent on the affiliated entities to operate our business in China. As a result of these contractual arrangements, we are the primary beneficiary of the VIE and consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities under U.S. GAAP. See “Corporate History and Structure” for details.

In the opinion of our PRC counsel, CM Law Firm, (1) the ownership structures of our WFOE and the VIE in China are not in any violation of the applicable PRC laws or regulations currently in effect; and (2) the agreements under the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholder governed by PRC law are valid and binding upon each party to such agreements and enforceable against each party thereto in accordance with their terms and applicable PRC laws and regulations currently in effect. However, we have been further advised by our PRC counsel that there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations. The PRC government may ultimately take a view contrary to or otherwise different from the opinion of our PRC counsel. As of the date of this prospectus, the agreements under the contractual arrangements among our WFOE, the VIE and its shareholder have not been tested in a court of law. If the PRC government otherwise find that we are in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations or lack the necessary permits or licenses to operate our business, the relevant government authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including, without limitation:

• revoking our business and/or operating licenses;

• discontinuing or restricting any related-party transactions between our company and the VIE;

• imposing fines and penalties, confiscating the income that they deem to be obtained through illegal operations, or imposing additional operational requirements which we or the VIE may not be able to comply with;

• requiring us to restructure our ownership structure or operations, including terminating the contractual arrangements and deregistering the share pledges of the VIE, which in turn would affect our ability to consolidate, derive economic interests from, or effectively exercise our contractual rights over the VIE and their assets and operations;

• restricting or prohibiting our use of the proceeds of this offering to finance the business and operations of our subsidiary and the affiliated entities in China, particularly the expansion of our business through strategic acquisitions;

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• restricting the use of financing sources by us or the VIE or otherwise restricting our or their ability to conduct business;

• taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our business.

Any of these events could cause significant disruption to our operations and materially and adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition. If the PRC government determines that the contractual arrangements and/or the VIE structure do not comply with PRC regulations, or if these regulations change or are interpreted differently in the future, we may be unable to direct the VIE’s activities in China that significantly impact its economic performance and/or to receive the economic benefits and residual returns from the VIE, and we are unable to restructure our ownership structure and our operations in a satisfactory manner, we may not be able to consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities in our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and the ADSs may decline in value or become worthless.

The contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder may be less effective than direct ownership in providing operational control.

We have relied and expect to continue to rely on contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder to conduct our operations in China. These contractual arrangements, however, may be less effective than direct ownership in providing us with operational control over the VIE. For instance, the VIE and its shareholder could breach their contractual arrangements with us by, among other things, failing to conduct the operations of the VIE in an acceptable manner or taking other actions that are detrimental to our interests.

If we had direct ownership of the VIE in China, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of the VIE, which in turn could implement changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management and operational level. However, under the current contractual arrangements, we rely on the performance by the VIE and its shareholder of their obligations under the contracts to direct the VIE’s activities. The shareholder of the VIE may not act in the best interests of our company or may not perform its obligations under these contracts. If any dispute relating to these contracts remains unresolved, we will have to enforce our rights under these contracts through the operations of PRC law and arbitration, litigation and other legal proceedings and therefore will be subject to uncertainties in the PRC legal system. See “— We face uncertainty with respect to the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder, and any failure by the VIE or its shareholder to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material and adverse effect on our business.”

We face uncertainty with respect to the enforceability of the contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder, and any failure by the VIE or its shareholder to perform their obligations under our contractual arrangements with them would have a material adverse effect on our business.

If the VIE or its shareholder fail to perform their respective obligations under the contractual arrangements, we may have to incur substantial costs and expend additional resources to enforce such arrangements. We may also have to rely on legal remedies under PRC law, including seeking specific performance or injunctive relief, and contractual remedies, which we cannot assure you will be sufficient or effective under PRC law. For instance, if the shareholder of the VIE were to refuse to transfer its equity interests in the VIE to us or our designee if we exercise the purchase option pursuant to these contractual arrangements, or if they were otherwise to act in bad faith toward us, then we may have to take legal actions to compel them to perform their contractual obligations. In addition, if any third parties claim any interest in such shareholder’s equity interests in the VIE, our ability to exercise shareholder’s rights or foreclose the share pledge according to the contractual arrangements may be impaired. If these or other disputes between the shareholder of the VIE and third parties were to impair our contractual control over the VIE, our ability to consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities would be affected, which would in turn result in a material adverse effect our business, operations and financial condition.

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All the agreements under our contractual arrangements with the VIE are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through arbitration in China. Accordingly, these contracts would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Meanwhile, there are very few precedents and little formal guidance as to how contractual arrangements in the context of a consolidated variable interest entity should be interpreted or enforced under PRC law. There remain significant uncertainties regarding the ultimate outcome of such arbitration should legal action become necessary. In addition, under PRC law, rulings by arbitrators are final, parties cannot appeal the arbitration results in courts, and if the losing parties fail to carry out the arbitration awards within a prescribed time limit, the prevailing parties may only enforce the arbitration awards in PRC courts through arbitration award recognition proceedings, which would require additional expenses and delay. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, or if we suffer significant delay or other obstacles in the process of enforcing these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective contractual control over the VIE, and our ability to conduct our business may be negatively affected. See “— Risks Related to Doing Business in China — Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and future prospects, and cause the ADSs to significantly decline in value or become worthless.”

The shareholder of the VIE may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The shareholder of the VIE may have actual or potential conflicts of interest with us. The shareholder may breach, or cause the VIE to breach, or refuse to renew, the existing contractual arrangements we have with the shareholder and the VIE, which would have a material and adverse effect on our ability to consolidate the financial results of the affiliated entities and receive economic benefits from them. For instance, the shareholder may be able to cause our agreements with the VIE to be performed in a manner adverse to us by, among other things, failing to remit payments due under the contractual arrangements to us on a timely basis. We cannot assure you that when conflicts of interest arise the shareholder will act in the best interests of our company or such conflicts will be resolved in our favor.

We do not currently have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between the shareholder and our company, except that we could exercise our purchase option under the exclusive option agreement with the shareholder to request it to transfer all of its equity interests in the VIE to a PRC entity or individual designated by us, to the extent permitted by PRC law. For individuals who are also our directors and officers, we rely on them to abide by the laws of the Cayman Islands, which provide that directors and officers owe a fiduciary duty to the company that requires them to act in good faith and in what they believe to be the best interests of the company and not to use their position for personal gains. The shareholder of the VIE have executed powers of attorney to appoint our WFOE or a person designated by our WFOE to vote on its behalf and exercise voting rights as shareholder of our respective VIE. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholder of the VIE, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could result in disruption of our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

The shareholder of the VIE may be involved in disputes with third parties or other incidents that may have an adverse effect on their respective equity interests in the VIE and the validity or enforceability of our contractual arrangements with the VIE and its shareholder. For instance, if any of the equity interests of the VIE is assigned to a third party with whom the current contractual arrangements are not binding, we could lose our contractual control over the VIE or have to maintain such control by incurring unpredictable costs, which could cause significant disruptions to our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Although under our current contractual arrangements, it is expressly provided that the VIE and its shareholder shall not assign any of their respective rights or obligations to any third party without the prior

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written consent of our WFOE, we cannot assure you that these arrangements will be complied with or effectively enforced. In the case any of them is breached or becomes unenforceable and leads to legal proceedings, it could disrupt our business, distract our management’s attention and subject us to substantial uncertainties as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

Contractual arrangements we have entered into with the VIE may be subject to scrutiny by the PRC tax authorities and they may determine that we or the VIE owe additional taxes, which could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and the value of your investment.

Under applicable PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material and adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that the contractual arrangements in relation to the VIE were not entered into on an arm’s length basis in such a way as to result in an impermissible reduction in taxes under applicable PRC laws, rules and regulations, and adjust income of the VIE in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could, among other things, result in a reduction of expense deductions recorded by the VIE for PRC tax purposes, which could in turn increase their tax liabilities without reducing our WFOE’s tax expenses. In addition, the PRC tax authorities may impose late payment fees and other penalties on the VIE for the adjusted but unpaid taxes according to the applicable regulations. Our financial position could be materially and adversely affected if the VIE’s tax liabilities increase or if they are required to pay late fees and other penalties.

Uncertainties exist with respect to the interpretation and implementation of the newly enacted Foreign Investment Law and how it may impact the viability of our current corporate structure, corporate governance, and our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

On March 15, 2019, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Foreign Investment Law, which came into effect on January 1, 2020. Since it is relatively new, uncertainties exist in relation to its interpretation and implementation. The Foreign Investment Law does not explicitly classify whether variable interest entities that are controlled through contractual arrangements would be deemed as foreign invested enterprises if they are ultimately “controlled” by foreign investors. However, it contains a catch-all provision under the definition of “foreign investment”, which includes investments made by foreign investors in China through means stipulated in laws or administrative regulations or other methods prescribed by the State Council. Therefore, it still leaves leeway for future laws, administrative regulations or provisions promulgated by the Stale Council to provide for contractual arrangements as a form of foreign investment, at which time it will be uncertain whether our contractual arrangements with the VIE will be deemed to be in violation of the market access requirements for foreign investment in China and if yes, how our contractual arrangements with the VIE should be dealt with.

The Foreign Investment Law grants national treatment to foreign-invested entities, except for those foreign-invested entities that operate in industries specified as either “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment in the Negative List. The Foreign Investment Law provides that (1) foreign-invested entities operating in “restricted” industries are required to obtain market entry clearance and other approvals from relevant PRC government authorities; (2) foreign investors shall not invest in any industries that are “prohibited” under the Negative List. If our contractual control over the VIE through contractual arrangements are deemed as foreign investment in the future, and any business of the VIE is “restricted” or “prohibited” from foreign investment under the “negative list” effective at the time, we may be deemed to be in violation of the Foreign Investment Law, the contractual arrangements that allow us to have contractual control over the VIE may be deemed as invalid and illegal, and we may be required to unwind such contractual arrangements and/or restructure our business operations, any of which may have a material adverse effect on our business operations.

Furthermore, if future laws, administrative regulations or provisions mandate further actions to be taken by companies with respect to existing contractual arrangements, we may face substantial uncertainties as to whether we can complete such actions in a timely manner, or at all. Failure to take timely and appropriate measures to

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cope with any of these or similar regulatory compliance challenges could materially and adversely affect our corporate structure and our business operations.

We may lose the ability to use and enjoy the assets held by the VIE that are material to the operations of certain portion of our business if the entities go bankrupt or become subject to a dissolution or liquidation proceeding.

As part of our contractual arrangements with the VIE, the VIE holds certain assets that are material to the operations of certain portion of our business, including licenses, permits, and some of our IP rights. If the shareholder of the VIE breach the contractual arrangements and voluntarily liquidate the VIE, or if the VIE goes bankrupt and all or part of their assets become subject to liens or rights of third-party creditors or are otherwise disposed of without our consent, we may be unable to continue some or all of our business activities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. If the VIE undergoes a voluntary or involuntary liquidation proceeding, the independent third-party creditors may claim rights to some or all of these assets, thereby hindering our ability to operate our business, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

The PRC government has significant authority to exert influence on the China operations of an offshore holding company, and offerings conducted overseas and foreign investment in China-based issuers, such as us. Changes in China’s economic, political or social conditions or government policies could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, and the value of our securities.

We conduct our business in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. Accordingly, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be influenced to a significant degree by the PRC political, economic, and social conditions. The PRC government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and/or the value of our securities.

The economic, political and social conditions in China differ from those of the countries in other jurisdictions in many respects, including with respect to the amount of government involvement, level of development, growth rate, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources. The PRC government has implemented measures emphasizing the utilization of market forces for economic reform, the reduction of state ownership of productive assets, and the establishment of improved corporate governance in business enterprises. These reforms have resulted in significant economic growth and social prospects. However, a substantial portion of productive assets in China is still owned by the government. The PRC government exercises significant control over China’s economic growth by allocating resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy, regulating financial services and institutions, providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies, or imposing industry-wide policies on certain industries. Economic reform measures may also be adjusted, modified or applied inconsistently from industry to industry or across different regions of the country, and there can be no assurance that the Chinese government will continue to pursue a policy of economic reform or that the direction of reform will continue to be market friendly.

While the Chinese economy has experienced significant growth in the past four decades, growth has been uneven, both geographically and among various sectors of the economy. Various measures implemented by the PRC government to encourage economic growth and guide the allocation of resources may benefit the overall Chinese economy, but may also have a negative effect on us. The results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected by government control over capital investments, foreign investment or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. The PRC government has also implemented certain measures in the past, including interest rate adjustment, to control the pace of economic growth. These measures may cause decreased economic activity, which in turn could lead to a reduction in demand for our products and

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consequently have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic may also have a severe and negative impact on the Chinese economy. Any severe or prolonged slowdown in the rate of growth of the Chinese economy may adversely affect our business and results of operations, leading to reduction in demand for our products and adversely affect our competitive position. Additionally, the PRC government may promulgate laws, regulations or policies that seek to impose stricter scrutiny over, or completely revise, the current regulatory regime in certain industries or in certain activities. For instance, the PRC government has significant discretion over the business operations in China and may intervene with or influence specific industries or companies as it deems appropriate to further regulatory, political and societal goals, which could have a material and adverse effect on the future growth of the affected industries and the companies operating in such industries. Furthermore, the PRC government has also recently indicated an intent to exert more oversight and control over overseas securities offerings and foreign investments in China-based companies. Any such actions may adversely affect our operations and significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to you and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Our ability to successfully maintain or grow business operations in China depends on various factors, which are beyond our control. These factors include, among others, macro-economic and other market conditions, political stability, social conditions, measures to control inflation or deflation, changes in the rate or method of taxation, changes in laws, regulations and administrative directives or their interpretation, and changes in industry policies. If we fail to take timely and appropriate measures to adapt to any of the changes or challenges, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Recent regulatory development in China may exert more oversight and control over listing and offerings that are conducted overseas. The approval of the CSRC may be required in connection with this offering and our future capital raising activities, and, if required, we cannot assure you that we or the affiliated entities will be able to obtain such approval, in which case we may face regulatory sanctions for failure to obtain such approval for this offering and our future capital raising activities.

Under the current Regulations on Merger and Acquisition of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “M&A Rules”), as jointly adopted by six PRC regulatory agencies in 2006 and amended in 2009, an offshore special purpose vehicle that is controlled by PRC domestic companies or individuals and that has been formed for the purpose of an overseas listing of securities through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies or assets is required to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. However, substantial uncertainty remains regarding the scope and applicability of the M&A Rules to offshore special purpose vehicles.

Our PRC counsel, CM Law Firm, has advised us based on their understanding of the current PRC laws, regulations and rules that the CSRC’s approval under the M&A Rules may not be required for the listing and trading of the ADSs on the Nasdaq Stock Market in the context of this offering, given that: (1) the CSRC currently has not issued any definitive rule or interpretation concerning whether offerings like ours in this and the final prospectus are subject to the M&A Rules, (2) our WFOE was incorporated as wholly foreign-owned enterprise by means of direct investment rather than by merger or acquisition of equity interest or assets of a PRC domestic company owned by PRC companies or individuals as defined under the M&A Rules, and (3) no explicit provision in the M&A Rules clearly classifies contractual arrangements as a type of acquisition transaction subject to the M&A Rules.

However, our PRC counsel has further advised us that it remains uncertain as to how the M&A Rules will be interpreted or implemented in the context of an overseas offering and its opinions summarized above are subject to any new laws, regulations and rules or detailed implementations and interpretations in any form relating to the M&A Rules. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies, including the CSRC, might, from time to time, further clarify or interpret the M&A Rules in writing or orally and require their approvals to be obtained for the offering. We cannot assure you that relevant PRC government agencies,

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including the CSRC, would reach the same conclusion as our PRC counsel does. If it is determined that CSRC approval under the M&A Rules is required for this offering, we may face sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory agencies for failure to obtain or delay in obtaining CSRC approval for this offering. These sanctions may include fines and penalties on the operations in China, delays in or restrictions on the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into China, restrictions on or prohibition of the payments or remittance of dividends by our WFOE or the VIE in China, or other actions that could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition, reputation and prospects, as well as the trading price of the ADSs.

Furthermore, the PRC regulatory authorities have recently exerted more oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas. On July 6, 2021, the General Office of the State Council of the PRC, together with another regulatory authority, jointly promulgated the Opinions on Strictly Cracking Down Illegal Securities Activities in Accordance with the Law, which calls for enhanced administration and supervision of overseas-listed China-based companies, proposes to revise the relevant regulation governing the overseas issuance and listing of shares by such companies, and clarifies the responsibilities of competent domestic industry regulators and government authorities. On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Provisions of the State Council on the Administration of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) and the Administrative Measures for the Filing of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing”), for public comments until January 23, 2022. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing comprehensively improved and reformed the exiting regulatory system for overseas offering and listing of domestic companies, and brought all overseas listing activities including both direct and indirect overseas offering and listing under regulation by adopting a filing-based administration system. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing stipulates that the China-based companies, or the issuer, shall fulfill the filing procedures within three working days after the issuer makes an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market. In addition, an overseas offering and listing is prohibited under any of certain circumstances, including, among others, prohibition by national laws and regulations and relevant provisions, threatening to or endangering national security, material violation of laws by the company or its controllers or its directors, supervisors, or senior executives. The Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing defines the legal liabilities of breaches such as failure in fulfilling filing obligations or fraudulent filing conducts, imposing a fine between RMB1 million and RMB10 million, and in cases of severe violations, a parallel order to suspend relevant business or halt operation for rectification, revoke relevant business permits or operational license.

As of the date of this prospectus, the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing has not come into effect. In light of the current proposed provisions under the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, if it were to be implemented as proposed in its current form before this offering and listing is completed, we might be subject to the filing requirement with the CSRC for this listing and offering and might also be prohibited from completing this offering if any of the circumstances described in the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing occurs. Moreover, as the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing has not come into effect, there remains uncertainty in the final form and the interpretation and implementation of such overseas listing rules, and we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC government authorities, including the CSRC, would not promulgate new rules or new interpretation of current rules to require us or the affiliated entities to obtain CSRC or other PRC government approvals or complete other compliance procedures for this offering. We cannot assure you that we or the affiliated entities would be able to obtain such approvals or complete such other compliance procedures, to the extent that they may be subsequently required by the relevant regulatory authorities, in a timely manner, or at all, or that any completion of review or approval or other compliance procedures would not be rescinded. Any failure to obtain or delay in obtaining such approval or completing such procedures for this listing and offering or future capital raising activities as required under the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing, or a rescission of any such approval obtained by us, would subject us to sanctions by the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities. These regulatory authorities may impose restrictions and penalties on the operations in China, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to complete this offering or launch any new offering of our securities, limit our ability to pay dividends outside of China, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering or future capital raising activities into China, or take other actions that could materially and adversely affect our

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business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects, as well as the trading price of the ADSs. Accordingly, the value of your investment may be materially and adversely affected or become worthless.

Furthermore, the PRC government authorities may further strengthen oversight and control over offerings that are conducted overseas and/or foreign investment in China-based issuers like us. Any such action may adversely affect our operations and significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to you and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

Recent greater oversight by the CAC over data security, particularly for companies seeking to list on a foreign exchange, could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability in capital raising activities and materially and adversely affect our business and the value of your investment.

On December 28, 2021, the CAC and several other PRC government authorities jointly issued an amendment to the Measures for Cybersecurity Review, which took effect on February 15, 2022 and provides that the relevant operators shall apply with the Cybersecurity Review Office of CAC for a cybersecurity review under certain circumstances. See “Regulation — Regulations on Internet Information Security and Censorship.” As a network platform operator who possesses personal information of more than one million users for purposes of the Cybersecurity Review Measures, we have applied for and completed a cybersecurity review for this offering and listing pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures. The review was completed in August 2022. We have not received any material adverse findings in such review. We are in compliance with the existing regulations and policies by the CAC regarding the Cybersecurity Review as of the date of this prospectus. However, it remains uncertain as to how the existing regulatory measures will be interpreted or implemented in the future, and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the measures, which may have a material adverse impact on our future capital raising activities, or even retrospectively, on this offering and listing. If any such new laws, regulations, rules, or implementation and interpretation comes into effect, we face uncertainty as to whether any review or other required actions can be timely completed, or at all. Given such uncertainty, we may be further required to suspend our business, shut down our platforms, or face other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition, and/or the value of the ADSs, or could significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer securities to investors. In addition, if any of these events causes us unable to direct the VIE’s activities or lose the right to receive their economic benefits, we may not be able to consolidate the VIE into our consolidated financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which could cause the value of the ADSs to significantly decline or become worthless.

The ADSs will be delisted and our shares and ADSs will be prohibited from trading in the over-the-counter market under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely auditors located in China for three consecutive years or if proposed changes to the law are enacted, for two consecutive years. The delisting of the ADSs, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.

As part of a continued regulatory focus in the United States on access to audit and other information currently protected by national law, in particular China’s, the HFCAA has been signed into law on December 18, 2020. The HFCAA states if the SEC determines that we have filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection for the PCAOB for three consecutive years, the SEC shall prohibit our shares or ADSs from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over-the-counter market in the United States.

On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted final amendments to its rules implementing the HFCAA, which include requirements to disclose information, including the auditor name and location, the percentage of shares of the issuer owned by governmental entities, whether governmental entities in the applicable foreign jurisdiction with respect to the auditor has a controlling financial interest with respect to the issuer, the name of each official

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of the Chinese Communist Party who is a member of the board of the issuer, and whether the articles of incorporation of the issuer contains any charter of the Chinese Communist Party. These amendments also establish procedures the SEC will follow in identifying issuers and prohibiting trading by certain issuers under the HFCAA, including that the SEC will identify an issuer as a “Commission-identified Issuer” if the issuer has filed an annual report containing an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined it is unable to inspect or investigate completely, and will then impose a trading prohibition on an issuer after it is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer for three consecutive years.

There have been various initiatives to reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCAA from three to two years. On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill known as the Accelerating Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act to that effect, and on February 4, 2022, the United States House of Representatives passed a bill contained, among others, an identical provision. If this provision is enacted into law, our shares and ADSs could be prohibited from trading in the United States if we are identified as a Commission-identified Issuer for two consecutive years.

In March 2022, the SEC issued its first “Conclusive list of issuers identified under the HFCAA” indicating that those companies are now formally subject to the delisting provisions if they remain on the list for three consecutive years. As of the date of this prospectus, more than 170 public companies have been listed in as issuers identified under the HFCAA.

In August 2022, the PCAOB, the CSRC and the Ministry of Finance of the PRC signed the Statement of Protocol, which establishes a specific and accountable framework for the PCAOB to conduct inspections and investigations of PCAOB-governed accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong completely in 2022. The PCAOB Board vacated its previous 2021 determinations that the PCAOB was unable to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong. However, whether the PCAOB will continue to be able to satisfactorily conduct inspections of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong is subject to uncertainties and depends on a number of factors out of our and our auditor’s control. The PCAOB continues to demand complete access in mainland China and Hong Kong moving forward and is making plans to resume regular inspections in early 2023 and beyond, as well as to continue pursuing ongoing investigations and initiate new investigations as needed. The PCAOB has also indicated that it will act immediately to consider the need to issue new determinations with the HFCAA if needed. If the PCAOB is unable to inspect and investigate completely registered public accounting firms located in China in 2023 and beyond, or if we fail to, among others, meet the PCAOB’s requirements, including retaining a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB determines it is able to inspect and investigate completely, we will be identified as a “Commission-identified Issuer,” and upon the expiration of the applicable years of non-inspection under the HFCAA and relevant regulations, the ADSs will be delisted from the Nasdaq Stock Market and our shares and ADSs will not be permitted for trading over the counter either. If our shares and ADSs are prohibited from trading in the United States, we cannot assure you that we will be able to list on a non-U.S. exchange or that a market for our shares will develop outside of the United States. Such a prohibition would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase the ADSs when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with delisting would have a negative impact on the price of the ADSs. Moreover, the HFCAA or other efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could cause investor uncertainty for affected issuers, including us, and the market price of the ADSs could be adversely affected. Also, such a prohibition would significantly affect our ability to raise capital on terms acceptable to us, or at all, which would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, and prospects.

In addition, on August 6, 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets (the “PWG”) released a report recommending that the SEC take steps to implement the five recommendations, including enhanced listing standards on U.S. stock exchanges with respect to PCAOB inspection of accounting firms. This would require, as a condition to initial and continued listing on a U.S. stock exchange, PCAOB access to work papers of

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the principal audit firm for the audit of the listed company. The report permits the new listing standards to provide for a transition period until January 1, 2022 for listed companies, but would apply immediately to new listings once the necessary rulemakings and/or standard-setting are effective. It is unclear if and when the SEC will make rules to implement the recommendations proposed in the PWG report, especially in light of its ongoing rulemaking pursuant to the HFCAA. Any of these factors and developments could potentially lead to a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

The PCAOB has historically been unable to inspect our auditor in relation to their audit work performed for our financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus and the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections over our auditor deprives our investors with the benefits of such inspections.

Our auditor, the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included elsewhere in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess its compliance with the applicable professional standards. Our auditor is located in China, a jurisdiction where the PCAOB was unable to conduct inspections and investigations before 2022. As a result, we and investors in our securities are deprived of the benefits of such PCAOB inspections. On December 15, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it was able to secure complete access to inspect and investigate PCAOB-registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2022. However, the inability of the PCAOB to conduct inspections of auditors in China in the past made it more difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of our independent registered public accounting firm’s audit procedures or quality control procedures as compared to auditors outside of China that have been subject to the PCAOB inspections, which could cause investors and potential investors in the ADSs to lose confidence in our audit procedures and reported financial information and the quality of our financial statements.

Proceedings instituted by the SEC against the “big four” PRC-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, could result in financial statements being determined to not comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act.

In December 2012, the SEC brought administrative proceedings against the “big four” PRC-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, alleging that they had violated U.S. securities laws and the SEC’s rules and regulations thereunder by failing to provide to the SEC the firms’ audit work papers and other documents related to certain other PRC-based companies that are publicly traded in the United States.

On January 22, 2014, the administrative law judge presiding over the matter rendered an initial decision that each of the firms had violated the SEC’s rules of practice by failing to produce audit papers and other documents to the SEC. The initial decision censured each of the firms and barred them from practicing before the SEC for a period of six months. The decision was neither final nor legally effective until reviewed and approved by the SEC, and on February 12, 2014, the PRC-based accounting firms appealed to the SEC against this decision.

On February 6, 2015, the four PRC-based accounting firms each agreed to a censure and to pay a fine to the SEC to settle the dispute and avoid suspension of their ability to practice before the SEC and audit U.S.-listed companies. The settlement required the firms to follow detailed procedures and to seek to provide the SEC with access to PRC-based firms’ audit documents via the CSRC. Under the terms of the settlement, the underlying proceeding against the four PRC-based accounting firms was deemed dismissed with prejudice four years after entry of the settlement. The four-year mark occurred on February 6, 2019. Despite the Statement of Protocol, it remains uncertain whether the SEC will further challenge the four PRC-based accounting firms’ compliance with U.S. laws in connection with U.S. regulatory requests for audit work papers or if the results of such a challenge would result in the SEC imposing penalties such as suspensions.

If additional remedial measures are imposed on the PRC-based accounting firms, including our independent registered public accounting firm, we could be unable to timely file future financial statements in compliance

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with the requirements of the Exchange Act. Moreover, any negative news about any such future proceedings against these accounting firms may cause investor uncertainty regarding China-based, United States-listed companies and the market price of the ADSs may be adversely affected. A determination that we have not timely filed financial statements in compliance with the SEC requirements could ultimately lead to the delisting of the ADSs from the Nasdaq Stock Market or deregistration from the SEC, or both, which would substantially reduce or effectively terminate the trading of the ADSs in the United States.

A severe or prolonged downturn in the global or Chinese economy could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

COVID-19 has had a severe and negative impact on the global and Chinese economy, and its long-term impact on global and Chinese economy is still uncertain. Even before the outbreak of COVID-19, the global macroeconomic environment was facing challenges, including the end of quantitative easing by the U.S. Federal Reserve, the economic slowdown in the Eurozone since 2014, uncertainties over the impact of Brexit and the ongoing trade and tariffs disputes between China and the United States. The growth of Chinese economy has slowed down since 2012 and such trend may continue. There is considerable uncertainty over the long-term effects of the monetary and fiscal policies adopted by the central banks and financial authorities of some of the world’s leading economies, including the United States and China. In addition, the trade tension between the United States and China, the drastic drop in oil prices and the U.S. Federal Reserve’s fiscal policies to strengthen the market in early 2020 also create uncertainty and challenges to the development of global economic condition. Economic conditions in China are sensitive to global economic conditions, as well as changes in domestic economic and political policies, and the expected or perceived overall economic growth rate in China. Any prolonged slowdown in the global or Chinese economy may have a negative impact on individual disposable income and in turn our business, results of operations and financial condition, and continued turbulence in the international capital markets may adversely affect our access to capital markets to meet liquidity needs.

Uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal system could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and future prospects, and cause the ADSs to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

We are governed by PRC laws, rules and regulations. The PRC legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike the common law system, prior court decisions in a civil law system may be cited as reference but have limited precedential value. The PRC legal system continues to evolve rapidly, the interpretations of such laws and regulations may not always be consistent, and enforcement of these laws and regulations involves significant uncertainties, any of which could limit the available legal protections.

Moreover, developments in the online learning industry and other industries and that we are and will be involved in may lead to changes in PRC laws, regulations and policies or in the interpretation and application thereof. As a result, we may be required by the regulators to upgrade or obtain the licenses, permits, approvals, to complete additional filings or registrations for the products and services we offer, or to modify business practices that may subject us to various penalties, including criminal penalties for individual and entity. We cannot assure you that our business operations would not be deemed to violate any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, which in turn could materially and adversely affect our business operations.

In addition, the PRC administrative and judicial authorities have significant discretion in interpreting, implementing or enforcing statutory rules and contractual terms, and it may be difficult to predict the outcome of administrative and judicial proceedings and the level of legal protection we may enjoy in the PRC. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based in part on government policies and internal rules, some of which are not published on a timely basis, or at all, and may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of any of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. In addition, any administrative and court proceedings in China may be protracted, resulting in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention. Such unpredictability and uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to you

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and us, significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer the ADSs, cause significant disruption to our business operations, and severely damage our reputation, which would materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition and cause the ADSs to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

These uncertainties may also affect our decisions on the policies and actions to be taken to comply with PRC laws and regulations, and may affect our ability to enforce contractual rights, property (including intellectual property) or tort rights. In addition, the regulatory uncertainties may be exploited through unmerited legal actions or threats in an attempt to extract payments or benefits from us. Such uncertainties may therefore increase the operating expenses and costs, and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against us or our management named in this prospectus based on foreign laws.

We conduct our business in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, all our senior executive officers reside within China for a significant portion of the time and all are PRC nationals. In addition, China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the Cayman Islands and many other countries and regions. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, PRC laws may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our or the VIE’s assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant PRC laws, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

It may be difficult for overseas regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.

Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation that are common in the United States generally are difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For instance, in China, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigations initiated outside China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism.

According to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law (the “Article 177”), which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. Accordingly, without PRC government approval, no entity or individual in China may provide documents and information relating to securities business activities to overseas regulators when it is under direct investigation or evidence discovery conducted by overseas regulators, which could present significant legal and other obstacles to obtaining information needed for investigations and litigation conducted outside of China. The inability for an overseas securities regulator to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests. Furthermore, as the date of this prospectus, there have not been implementing rules or regulations regarding the application of Article 177, it remains unclear as to how it will be interpreted, implemented or applied by relevant government authorities. As such, there are also uncertainties as to the procedures and requisite timing for the oversea securities regulatory agencies to conduct investigations and collect evidence within the territory of the PRC. If the U.S. securities regulatory agencies are unable to conduct such investigations, there exists a risk that they may determine to suspend or de-register our registration with the SEC and may also delist our securities from trading market within the United States.

See also “— Risks Related to the ADSs and This Offering — You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law and our operations are primarily conducted in emerging markets.”

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Recent litigation and negative publicity surrounding China-based companies listed in the United States may result in increased regulatory scrutiny of us and negatively impact the trading price of the ADSs.

We believe that litigation and negative publicity surrounding companies with operations in China that are listed in the United States have negatively impacted stock prices for such companies. Certain politicians in the United States have publicly warned investors to shun China-based companies listed in the United States. The SEC and the PCAOB also issued a joint statement on April 21, 2020, reiterating the disclosure, financial reporting and other risks involved in the investments in companies that are based in emerging markets as well as the limited remedies available to investors who might take legal action against such companies. Furthermore, various equity-based research organizations have published reports on China-based companies after examining, among other things, their corporate governance practices, related party transactions, sales practices and financial statements that have led to special investigations and listing suspensions on U.S. national exchanges. Any similar scrutiny of us, regardless of its lack of merit, could cause the market price of the ADSs to fall, divert management resources and energy, cause us to incur expenses in defending ourselves against rumors, and increase the premiums we pay for director and officer insurance.

The tension in international trade and rising political tension, particularly between the United States and China, may adversely impact our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by the tensions in international trade such as the one between the United States and China in recent years. Changes to international trade policies could adversely affect the global economic conditions. In addition, geopolitical tensions between the United States and China have escalated due to, among other things, trade disputes, the COVID-19 outbreak, sanctions imposed by the U.S. Department of Treasury, and the executive orders issued by the U.S. government that may prohibit transactions with certain selected Chinese companies as well as their products and services. Rising political tensions could reduce levels of trades, investments, technological exchanges, and other economic activities between the two major economies. Such tensions involving China, and any escalation thereof, may negatively affect trading and business environments, which may, in turn, adversely impacting our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.

QuantaSing Group Limited is a Cayman Islands holding company with no Chinese operations. We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE for our cash and financing requirements, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions to our shareholders and service any debt we may incur. In the fiscal years ended June 30, 2021 and 2022, the VIE transferred certain cash proceeds to our WFOE as payment of services fees, and our WFOE and the VIE provided certain cash loans to each other, for capital needs or to fund business operation. In the same periods, QuantaSing, our WFOE and subsidiaries in Hong Kong and BVI also received certain capital contribution from each other for restructuring purpose. See “Prospectus Summary — Implications of Being a Company with the Holding Company Structure and the VIE Structure — Cash and asset flows through our organization,” “Prospectus Summary — Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data — Consolidated Financial Statements” and “Prospectus Summary — Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data — Financial Information Relating to the Affiliated Entities” for details. To the extent our cash or assets in the business are in mainland China or Hong Kong or a mainland China or Hong Kong entity, the funds or assets may not be available to fund operations or for other use outside of mainland China or Hong Kong due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on the ability of QuantaSing Group Limited, our subsidiaries or the affiliated entities to transfer cash or assets. Current PRC regulations permit our WFOE to pay dividends to us only out of their accumulated after-tax profits upon satisfaction of relevant statutory conditions and procedures, if any, determined in accordance with Chinese accounting standards and regulations. In addition, our WFOE is required to set aside at least 10% of its

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accumulated profits each year, after making up previous years’ accumulated losses, if any, to fund certain reserve funds until the total amount set aside reaches 50% of its registered capital. For a detailed discussion of applicable PRC regulations governing distribution of dividends, see “Regulation — Regulations on Dividend Distribution.” As a result of these laws, rules and regulations, our WFOE is restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their respective net assets to their shareholders as dividends.

While there are currently no such restrictions on foreign exchange and our ability to transfer cash or assets between QuantaSing Group Limited and our Hong Kong subsidiary, if certain PRC laws and regulations, including existing laws and regulations and those enacted or promulgated in the future were to become applicable to our Hong Kong subsidiary in the future, and to the extent our cash or assets are in Hong Kong or a Hong Kong entity, such funds or assets may not be available due to interventions in or the imposition of restrictions and limitations on our ability to transfer funds or assets by the PRC government. Furthermore, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not intervene or impose restrictions on QuantaSing Group Limited, its subsidiaries and the affiliated entities to transfer or distribute cash within the organization, which could result in an inability of or prohibition on making transfers or distributions to entities outside of mainland China and Hong Kong.

Furthermore, if our WFOE incurs debt on their own behalf in the future, the instruments governing their debt may restrict their ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business. In addition, our WFOE also relies on the service fees paid by the VIE to pay dividends to us. Any limitation on the ability of the VIE to make remittance to our WFOE to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

The Enterprise Income Tax Law enacted by the National People’s Congress, which became effective on January 1, 2008, and its implementation rules provide that a withholding tax at a rate of 10% will be applicable to dividends payable by Chinese companies to non-PRC-resident enterprises unless reduced under treaties or arrangements between the PRC central government and governments of other countries or regions where the non-PRC resident enterprises are tax resident. See “— If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.” Furthermore, the PRC tax authorities may require our WFOE to adjust its taxable income under the contractual arrangements it currently has in place with the VIE in a manner that would materially and adversely affect its ability to pay dividends and other distributions to us.

Any restriction on currency exchange may limit the ability of our WFOE to use their Renminbi revenues to pay dividends to us. The PRC government may continue to strengthen its capital controls and our WFOE’ dividends and other distributions may be subject to tightened scrutiny in the future. Any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends or make other distributions to us could materially and adversely limit our ability to grow, make investments or acquisitions that could be beneficial to our business, pay dividends, or otherwise fund and conduct our business.

Restrictions on the remittance of Renminbi into and out of China and governmental control of currency conversion may limit our ability to pay dividends and other obligations, and affect the value of your investment.

The PRC government imposes controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and the remittance of funds out of China. We receive substantially all of our revenue in Renminbi. Under our current corporate structure, our income is primarily derived from dividend payments from our WFOE. We may convert a portion of our revenue into other currencies to meet our foreign currency obligations, such as payments of dividends declared in respect of the ADSs, if any. Shortages in the availability of foreign currency may restrict

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the ability of our WFOE to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy their foreign currency denominated obligations.

Under existing PRC foreign exchange regulations, payments of current account items, including profit distributions, interest payments, and trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, can be made in foreign currencies without prior SAFE approval by complying with certain procedural requirements. However, approval from or registration or filings with competent government authorities is required where Renminbi is to be converted into foreign currency and remitted out of China to pay capital expenses such as the repayment of loans denominated in foreign currencies. Pursuant to the SAFE Circular 19, a foreign-invested enterprise may convert up to 100% of the foreign currency in its capital account into Renminbi on a discretionary basis according to the actual needs. The SAFE Circular 16 provides for an integrated standard for conversion of foreign exchange under capital account items on a discretionary basis, which applies to all enterprises registered in China. In addition, the SAFE Circular 16 has narrowed the scope of purposes for which an enterprise must not use the Renminbi funds so converted, which include, among others, (1) payment for expenditure beyond its business scope or otherwise as prohibited by the applicable laws and regulations, (2) investment in securities or other financial products other than banks’ principal-secured products, (3) provision of loans to non-affiliated enterprises, except where it is expressly permitted in the business scope of the enterprise, and (4) construction or purchase of real properties for use by third parties, except for real estate developers. The PRC government may at its discretion further restrict access to foreign currencies for current account transactions or capital account transactions in the future. If the foreign exchange control system prevents us from obtaining sufficient foreign currencies to satisfy our foreign currency needs, we may not be able to pay dividends in foreign currencies to our shareholders. Further, there is no assurance that new regulations will not be promulgated in the future that would have the effect of further restricting the remittance of Renminbi into or out of China.

China’s M&A Rules and certain other PRC regulations establish complex procedures for some acquisitions of PRC companies by foreign investors, which could make it more difficult for us to pursue growth through acquisitions in China.

The M&A Rules and some other regulations and rules concerning mergers and acquisitions established complex procedures and requirements for acquisition of Chinese companies by foreign investors, including requirements in some instances that MOFCOM be notified in advance of any change-of-control transaction in which a foreign investor takes control of a PRC domestic enterprise. Moreover, the Anti-monopoly Law promulgated by the SCNPC requires that transactions which are deemed concentrations and involve parties with specified turnover thresholds must be cleared by the anti-monopoly enforcement agency before they can be completed. In addition, the Measures for the Security Review of Foreign Investment promulgated by the NDRC and MOFCOM in December 2020 specify that foreign investments in military, national defense-related areas or in locations in proximity to military facilities, or foreign investments that would result in acquiring the actual control of assets in certain key sectors, such as critical agricultural products, energy and resources, equipment manufacturing, infrastructure, transport, cultural products and services, information technology, internet products and services, financial services and technology sectors, are required to obtain approval from designated government authorities in advance.

In the future, we may pursue potential strategic acquisitions that are complementary to our business. Complying with the requirements of the above-mentioned regulations and other rules to complete such transactions could be time-consuming, and any required approval processes may delay or inhibit our ability to complete such transactions, which could affect our ability to expand business or maintain market share. Furthermore, there is a possibility that the PRC regulators may promulgate new rules or explanations requiring that we obtain the approval of MOFCOM or other PRC government authorities for our mergers and acquisitions. There is no assurance that we can obtain such approval from MOFCOM or any other relevant PRC government authorities for our or the VIE’s mergers and acquisitions. Any uncertainties regarding such approval requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations and our corporate structure.

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PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our WFOE, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.

QuantaSing Group Limited is a Cayman Islands holding company. We conduct our operations in China through our WFOE and the affiliated entities. We may make loans to our WFOE or the VIE subject to the approval from or registration with government authorities and limitation on amount, or we may make additional capital contributions to our WFOE. Any loan to our WFOE is required to be registered with SAFE or its local branches.

SAFE promulgated the Circular on Reforming of the Management Method of the Settlement of Foreign Currency Capital of Foreign-Invested Enterprises (the “SAFE Circular 19”), effective from June 2015, in replacement of a former regulation. According to SAFE Circular 19, the flow and use of the RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company is regulated such that RMB capital may not be used for the issuance of RMB entrusted loans, the repayment of inter-enterprise loans or the repayment of bank loans that have been transferred to a third party. Although SAFE Circular 19 allows RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested enterprise to be used for equity investments within China, it also reiterates the principle that RMB converted from the foreign currency-denominated capital of a foreign-invested company may not be directly or indirectly used for purposes beyond its business scope. Thus, it is unclear whether SAFE will permit such capital to be used for equity investments in China in actual practice. SAFE promulgated the Notice of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Reforming and Standardizing the Foreign Exchange Settlement Management Policy of Capital Account (the “SAFE Circular 16”), effective from June 2016, which reiterates some of the rules set forth in SAFE Circular 19, but changes the prohibition against using RMB capital converted from foreign currency-denominated registered capital of a foreign-invested company to issue RMB entrusted loans to a prohibition against using such capital to issue loans to non-associated enterprises. Violations of SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 could result in administrative penalties. The SAFE Circular 19 and SAFE Circular 16 may significantly limit our ability to transfer any foreign currency we hold, including the net proceeds from this offering, to our WFOE, which may adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business in China. On October 23, 2019, the SAFE promulgated the Circular of Further Facilitating Cross-border Trade and Investment (the “SAFE Circular 28”) which, among other things, allows all foreign-invested companies to use Renminbi converted from foreign currency-denominated capital for equity investments in China, as long as the equity investment is genuine, does not violate applicable laws, and complies with the negative list on foreign investment. On April 10, 2020, the SAFE promulgated the Circular on Optimizing Administration of Foreign Exchange to Support the Development of Foreign-related Business (the “SAFE Circular 8”), under which eligible enterprises are allowed to make domestic payments by using their capital funds, foreign loans and the income under capital accounts of overseas listing without providing the evidentiary materials concerning authenticity of each expenditure in advance, provided that their capital use shall be authentic and conforms to the prevailing administrative regulations on the use of income under capital accounts. However, since the SAFE Circular 28 and SAFE Circular 8 are newly promulgated, it is unclear how SAFE and competent banks will carry this out in practice.

In light of the various requirements imposed by PRC regulations on loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies, we cannot assure you that we will be able to complete the necessary government registrations or obtain the necessary government approvals on a timely basis, or at all, with respect to future loans by us to our WFOE or the VIE or their subsidiaries or with respect to future capital contributions by us to our WFOE. If we fail to complete such registrations or obtain such approvals, our ability to use the proceeds from our initial public offering and to capitalize or otherwise fund the PRC operations may be negatively affected, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and the ability to fund and expand our business.

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PRC regulations relating to the establishment of offshore special purpose companies by PRC residents may subject our PRC resident beneficial owners or our WFOE to liability or penalties, limit our ability to inject capital into our WFOE, limit our WFOE’s ability to increase its registered capital or distribute profits to us, or may otherwise adversely affect us.

SAFE promulgated the SAFE Circular on Relevant Issues Relating to Domestic Resident’s Investment and Financing and Roundtrip Investment through Special Purpose Vehicles (the “SAFE Circular 37”) in July 2014. SAFE Circular 37 requires PRC residents or entities to register with SAFE or its local branch in connection with their establishment or control of an offshore entity established for the purpose of overseas investment or financing with such PRC residents or entities’ legally owned assets or equity interests in domestic enterprises or offshore assets or interests. On February 13, 2015, SAFE issued Circular on Further Simplifying and Improving the Foreign Currency Management Policy on Direct Investment (the “SAFE Circular 13”), effective on June 1, 2015, pursuant to which the power to accept SAFE registration was delegated from local SAFE to local qualified banks where the assets or interest in the domestic entity was located. In addition, such PRC residents or entities must update their SAFE registrations when the offshore special purpose vehicle undergoes material events relating to any change of basic information (including change of such PRC citizens or residents, name and operation term), increases or decreases in investment amount, transfers or exchanges of shares, or mergers or divisions.

If our shareholders who are PRC residents or entities do not complete their registration with the local SAFE branches, our WFOE may be prohibited from distributing its profits and proceeds from any reduction in capital, share transfer or liquidation to us, and we may be restricted in our ability to contribute additional capital to our WFOE. Moreover, failure to comply with the SAFE registration described above could result in liability under PRC laws for evasion of applicable foreign exchange restrictions. In addition, our shareholders who are PRC entities shall complete their overseas direct investment filings according to applicable laws and regulations regarding the overseas direct investment by PRC entities, including filings with MOFCOM, the NDRC, or their local branches based on the investment amount, invested industry or other factors thereof.

We have used our best efforts to notify PRC residents or entities who directly or indirectly hold shares in our Cayman Islands holding company and who are known to us as being PRC residents or entities to complete the foreign exchange registrations or overseas direct investment filings. However, we may not at all times be fully aware or informed of the identities of all the PRC residents or entities holding direct or indirect interest in our company, nor can we compel our beneficial owners to comply with SAFE registration requirements. As of the date of this prospectus, Mr. Peng Li, being the relevant beneficial shareholder of our company, has completed the initial registrations with the local SAFE branch or qualified banks as required by SAFE Circular 37. We cannot assure you that all other shareholders or beneficial owners of ours who are PRC residents or entities have complied with, and will in the future make, obtain or update any applicable registrations, filings or approvals required by SAFE regulations or other regulations relating to overseas investment activities issued by MOFCOM and NDRC. Failure by such shareholders or beneficial owners to comply with such regulations, or failure by us to amend the foreign exchange registrations of our WFOE, could subject us to fines or legal sanctions, restrict our overseas or cross-border investment activities, limit our WFOE’s ability to make distributions or pay dividends to us or affect our ownership structure, which could adversely affect our business and prospects.

If we fail to comply with PRC regulations regarding the registration requirements for employee stock ownership plans or share option plans, the PRC plan participants or we could be subject to fines and other legal or administrative sanctions.

In February 2012, SAFE promulgated the Notices on Issues Concerning the Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Stock Incentive Plan of Overseas Publicly Listed Company (the “SAFE Circular 7). Pursuant to SAFE Circular 7, directors, supervisors, senior management and other employees participating in any stock incentive plan of an overseas publicly listed company who are PRC citizens or who are non-PRC citizens residing in China for a continuous period of not less than one year, are

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required to register with SAFE through a domestic qualified agent, which could be the PRC subsidiary of such overseas-listed company, and complete certain other procedures, unless certain exceptions are available. In addition, an overseas-entrusted institution must be retained to handle matters in connection with the exercise or sale of stock options and the purchase or sale of shares and interests. We and our executive officers and other employees who are PRC citizens or non-PRC citizens living in China for a continuous period of not less than one year and have been granted options are subject to these regulations as our company has become an overseas-listed company. Failure to complete SAFE registrations may subject them to fines of up to RMB50,000 for individuals and may also limit our ability to contribute additional capital into our WFOE and our WFOE’ ability to distribute dividends to us. We also face regulatory uncertainties that could restrict our ability to adopt additional incentive plans for our directors, executive officers and employees under PRC law. See “Regulation — Regulations on Foreign Exchange — Regulations relating to stock incentive plans.”

In addition, the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation (the “SAT”) have issued certain circulars concerning employee share options and restricted shares. Under these circulars, our employees working in China who exercise share options or are granted restricted shares will be subject to PRC individual income tax. Our WFOE has obligations to file documents related to employee share options or restricted shares with relevant tax authorities and to withhold individual income taxes of those employees who exercise their share options or are granted restricted share. If our employees fail to pay or we fail to withhold their income taxes according to relevant laws and regulations, we may face sanctions imposed by the tax authorities or other PRC government authorities.

If we are classified as a PRC resident enterprise for PRC income tax purposes, such classification could result in unfavorable tax consequences to us and our non-PRC shareholders or ADS holders.

Under the PRC Enterprise Income Tax Law and its implementation rules, an enterprise established outside of the PRC with a “de facto management body” within China is considered a “resident enterprise” and will be subject to the enterprise income tax on its global income at the rate of 25%. The implementation rules define the term “de facto management body” as the body that exercises full and substantial control and overall management over the business, productions, personnel, accounts and properties of an enterprise. In 2009, the SAT issued the Circular Regarding the Determination of Chinese-Controlled Offshore Incorporated Enterprises as PRC Tax Resident Enterprises on the Basis of De Facto Management Bodies (the “SAT Circular 82”), which provides certain specific criteria for determining whether the “de facto management body” of a PRC-controlled enterprise that is incorporated offshore is located in China. Although this circular only applies to offshore enterprises controlled by PRC enterprises or PRC enterprise groups, not those controlled by PRC individuals or foreigners like us, the criteria set forth in the circular may reflect SAT’s general position on how the “de facto management body” test should be applied in determining the tax resident status of all offshore enterprises. According to SAT Circular 82, an offshore incorporated enterprise controlled by a PRC enterprise or a PRC enterprise group will be regarded as a PRC tax resident by virtue of having its “de facto management body” in China and will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax on its global income only if all of the following conditions are met: (1) the primary location of the day-to-day operational management is in China; (2) decisions relating to the enterprise’s financial and human resource matters are made or are subject to approval by organizations or personnel in China; (3) the enterprise’s primary assets, accounting books and records, company seals, and board and shareholder resolutions, are located or maintained in China; and (4) at least 50% of voting board members or senior executives habitually reside in China.

We believe none of our entities outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for PRC tax purposes. However, the tax resident status of an enterprise is subject to determination by the PRC tax authorities and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “de facto management body.” If the PRC tax authorities determine that our company or any of our subsidiaries outside of China is a PRC resident enterprise for enterprise income tax purposes, we could be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 25% on our worldwide income, which could materially reduce our net income, and we will be required to comply with PRC enterprise income tax reporting obligations. In addition, non-resident enterprise shareholders (including the ADS holders) may be

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subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% on gains realized on the sale or other disposition of ADSs or our ordinary shares, if such income is treated as sourced from within China. Furthermore, if we are deemed a PRC resident enterprise, dividends payable to our non-PRC individual shareholders (including the ADS holders) and any gain realized on the transfer of ADSs or our ordinary shares by such shareholders may be subject to PRC tax at a rate of 10% in the case of non-PRC enterprises or a rate of 20% in the case of non-PRC individuals unless a reduced rate is available under an applicable tax treaty. It is unclear whether non-PRC shareholders of our company would be able to claim the benefits of any tax treaties between their country of tax residence and the PRC in the event that we are treated as a PRC resident enterprise. Any such tax may reduce the returns on your investment in the ADSs.

In addition to the uncertainty as to the application of the “resident enterprise” classification, we cannot assure you that the PRC government will not amend or revise the taxation laws, rules and regulations to impose stricter tax requirements or higher tax rates. Any of such changes could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We face uncertainties with respect to indirect transfer of equity interests in PRC resident enterprises by their non-PRC holding companies.

On February 3, 2015, the SAT issued the Bulletin on Issues of Enterprise Income Tax on Indirect Transfers of Assets by Non-PRC Resident Enterprises (the “SAT Bulletin 7”). SAT Bulletin 7 extends its tax jurisdiction to transactions involving the transfer of taxable assets through offshore transfer of a foreign intermediate holding company. In addition, SAT Bulletin 7 provides certain criteria on how to assess reasonable commercial purposes and has introduced safe harbors for internal group restructurings and the purchase and sale of equity through a public securities market. SAT Bulletin 7 also brings challenges to both foreign transferor and transferee (or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer) of taxable assets. On October 17, 2017, the SAT issued the Announcement of the State Administration of Taxation on Issues Concerning the Withholding of Non-resident Enterprise Income Tax at Source (the “SAT Bulletin 37”), which came into effect on December 1, 2017. SAT Bulletin 37 further clarifies the practice and procedure of the withholding of non-resident enterprise income tax.

Where a non-resident enterprise transfers taxable assets indirectly by disposing of the equity interests of an overseas holding company, which is an indirect transfer, the non-resident enterprise as either transferor or transferee, or the PRC entity that directly owns the taxable assets, may report such indirect transfer to the relevant tax authority. Using a “substance over form” principle, the PRC tax authority may disregard the existence of the overseas holding company if it lacks a reasonable commercial purpose and was established for the purpose of reducing, avoiding or deferring PRC tax. As a result, gains derived from such indirect transfer may be subject to PRC enterprise income tax, and the transferee or other person who is obligated to pay for the transfer is obligated to withhold the applicable taxes, currently at a rate of 10% for the transfer of equity interests in a PRC resident enterprise.

We face uncertainties as to the reporting and other implications of certain past and future transactions where PRC taxable assets are involved, such as offshore restructuring, sale of the shares in our offshore subsidiaries and investments. For transfer of shares in our company by investors who are non-PRC resident enterprises, our WFOE may be requested to assist in the filing under SAT Bulletin 7 and/or SAT Bulletin 37. As a result, we may be required to expend valuable resources to comply with SAT Bulletin 7 and/or SAT Bulletin 37, or to establish that we and our non-PRC resident investors should not be taxed under these circulars, which may have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

The custodians or authorized users of our controlling non-tangible assets, including chops and seals, may fail to fulfill their responsibilities, or misappropriate or misuse these assets.

Under PRC laws, legal documents for corporate transactions are executed using the chop or seal of the signing entity or with the signature of a legal representative whose designation is registered and filed with the

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relevant branch of the SAMR. Although we usually utilize chops to enter into contracts, the designated legal representatives of our WFOE and the VIE have the apparent authority to enter into binding contracts on behalf of these entities without chops. In order to maintain the physical security of our chops, we generally have them stored in secure locations accessible only to authorized employees. Although we monitor such authorized employees, the procedures may not be sufficient to prevent all instances of abuse or negligence. There is a risk that our employees could abuse their authority, for instance, by entering into a contract not approved by us or the VIE, or seeking to gain control of any of our subsidiary or the VIE. If any employee obtains, misuses or misappropriates corporate chops and seals or other controlling non-tangible assets for whatever reason, the business operations of the relevant entities could be disrupted. We may have to take corporate or legal action to seek the return of the chops, apply for new chops with the relevant authorities, or otherwise seek legal redress for the violation of the representative’s fiduciary duties against us, which could involve significant time and resources to resolve and divert management attention from business operations. In addition, the affected entity may not be able to recover corporate assets that are sold or transferred out of our control in the event of such a misappropriation if a transferee relies on the apparent authority of the representative and acts in good faith.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the value of your investment.

The conversion of Renminbi into foreign currencies, including the U.S. dollar, is based on rates set by the People’s Bank of China. The Renminbi has fluctuated against the U.S. dollar and other currencies, at times significantly and unpredictably. The value of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar and other currencies is affected by changes in China’s political and economic conditions and by China’s foreign exchange policies, among other things. We cannot assure you that Renminbi will not appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar and other currencies in the future. It is difficult to predict how market forces or PRC, or U.S. government policy may impact the exchange rate between Renminbi and U.S. dollar in the future.

Any significant appreciation or depreciation of Renminbi may materially and adversely affect our revenues, earnings and financial position, and the value of, and any dividends payable on, the ADSs in U.S. dollars. For instance, to the extent that we or the VIE need to convert U.S. dollars we receive into Renminbi to pay our operating expenses, appreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the RMB amount we would receive from the conversion. Conversely, a significant depreciation of Renminbi against the U.S. dollar may significantly reduce the U.S. dollar equivalent of our earnings, which in turn could adversely affect the price of the ADSs.

Very limited hedging options are available in China to reduce our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations. As of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the availability and effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to adequately hedge our exposure, or at all. In addition, our currency exchange losses may be magnified by PRC exchange control regulations that restrict our ability to convert Renminbi into foreign currency.

Risks Related to the ADSs and this Offering

An active trading market for our ordinary shares or the ADSs may not develop and the trading price for the ADSs may fluctuate significantly.

We have applied for listing the ADSs on the Nasdaq Stock Market. We have no current intention to seek a listing for our ordinary shares on any stock exchange. Prior to the completion of this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs or our ordinary shares, and we cannot assure you that a liquid public market for the ADSs will develop. If an active public market for the ADSs does not develop following the completion of this offering, the market price and liquidity of the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. The initial public offering price for the ADSs was determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters based upon several

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factors, and we cannot assure you that the trading price of the ADSs after this offering will not decline below the initial public offering price. As a result, investors in our securities may experience a significant decrease in the value of their ADSs and may not be able to resell ADSs at or above the price they paid, or at all.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in China that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our operations including the following:

• actual or anticipated variations in our revenues, earnings, cash flow and changes or revisions of our expected results;

• fluctuations in operating metrics;

• announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors;

• announcements of new products, services and courses and expansions by us or our competitors;

• changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;

• announcements of studies and reports relating to the quality of our product, service and course offerings or those of our competitors;

• changes in the performance or market valuations of other online learning companies;

• detrimental negative publicity about us, our competitors or our industry;

• additions or departures of key personnel;

• release of lockup or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities;

• regulatory developments affecting us or our industry;

• general economic or political conditions affecting China or elsewhere in the world;

• fluctuations of exchange rates between the RMB and the U.S. dollar; and

• potential litigation or regulatory investigations.

Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will trade. The securities of some China-based companies that have listed their securities in the United States have experienced significant volatility since their initial public offerings in recent years, including, in some cases, substantial declines in the trading prices of their securities. The trading performances of these companies’ securities after their offerings may affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies listed in the United States in general, which consequently may impact the trading performance of the ADSs, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, any negative news or perceptions about inadequate corporate governance practices or fraudulent accounting, corporate structure or other matters of other Chinese companies may also negatively affect the attitudes of investors towards Chinese companies in general, including us, regardless of whether we have engaged in any inappropriate activities. In particular, the global financial crisis, the ensuing economic recessions and deterioration in the credit market in many countries have contributed and may continue to contribute to extreme volatility in the global stock markets. These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of the ADSs. Volatility or a lack of positive performance in the ADS price may also adversely affect our ability to retain key employees, many of whom have been granted equity incentives.

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In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements. We cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make the ADSs less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies, including, but not limited to:

• not being required to engage an auditor to report on our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

• not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the PCAOB regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements (i.e., an auditor discussion and analysis);

• not being required to submit certain executive compensation matters to stockholder advisory votes, such as “say-on-pay,” “say-on-frequency,” and “say-on-golden-parachutes”; and

• not being required to disclose certain executive compensation related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.

In addition, as an emerging growth company, we are only required to provide two years of audited financial statements and two years of selected financial data (in addition to any required interim financial statements and selected financial data) in our annual reports, and to present correspondingly reduced disclosure in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We have elected to take advantage of the reduced disclosure obligations as an emerging growth company. As a result, the information that we provide to the ADS holders may be different than the information you might receive from other public reporting companies in which you hold equity interests. In addition, the JOBS Act permits emerging growth companies to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until the earlier of the date we (1) are no longer an emerging growth company or (2) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our consolidated financial statements and the reported results of operations contained therein may not be directly comparable to those of other public companies. We cannot predict whether investors will find our securities less attractive because of our reliance on these exemptions. If some investors do find the ADSs less attractive, there may be a less active trading market for the ADSs and the price of the ADSs may be reduced or more volatile.

We will remain an emerging growth company, and will be able to take advantage of the foregoing exemptions, until the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the closing of our initial public offering or such earlier time that we otherwise cease to be an emerging growth company, which will occur upon the earliest of (1) the last day of the first fiscal year in which our annual gross revenues are US$1.07 billion or more; (2) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in

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non-convertible debt securities; and (3) the date that we become a “large accelerated filer” as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act.

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”

We have become a public company and expect to incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Stock Market, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly.

As a result of becoming a public company, we will need to increase the number of independent directors and adopt policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

In addition, after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:

• the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;

• the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;

• the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time;

• the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD; and

• certain audit committee independence requirements in Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

We will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis as press releases, distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information that would be made available to you were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

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If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for the ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade the ADSs, the market price for the ADSs would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for the ADSs to decline.

Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of the ADSs.

Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is in the short seller’s interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market.

Public companies listed in the United States that have a substantial majority of their operations in China have been the subject of short selling. Much of the scrutiny and negative publicity has centered on allegations of a lack of effective internal control over financial reporting resulting in financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud. As a result, many of these companies are now conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations and, in the interim, are subject to shareholder lawsuits and/or SEC enforcement actions.

We may be the subject of unfavorable allegations made by short sellers in the future. Any such allegations may be followed by periods of instability in the market price of our ordinary shares and ADSs and negative publicity. If and when we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable federal or state law or issues of commercial confidentiality. Such a situation could be costly and time-consuming and could distract our management from growing our business. Even if such allegations are ultimately proven to be groundless, allegations against us could severely impact our business and shareholders’ equity, and the value of any investment in the ADSs could be greatly reduced or rendered worthless.

Because the initial public offering price is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

If you purchase ADSs in this offering, you will pay more for your ADSs than the amount paid by our existing shareholders for their ordinary shares on a per ADS basis. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of approximately US$                , representing the difference between (1) the initial public offering price of US$                per ADS, which is the midpoint of the initial public offering price range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, and (2) our adjusted net tangible book value of US$                per ADS, after giving effect to our sale of the ADSs offered in this offering. In addition, you may experience further dilution t in connection with the issuance of Class A ordinary shares upon the exercise or vesting, as the case may be, of our share incentive awards when we grant such share-based awards. To the extent that any of these options are vested and exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. See “Dilution” for a more complete description of how the value of your investment in the ADSs will be diluted upon completion of this offering.

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The sale or availability for sale of substantial amounts of the ADSs could adversely affect their market price.

Sales of substantial amounts of the ADSs in the public market after the completion of this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. The ADSs sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and shares held by our existing shareholders may also be sold in the public market in the future subject to the restrictions in Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act and the applicable lock-up agreements. There will be                ADSs (equivalent to                Class A ordinary shares) outstanding immediately after this offering, or                ADSs (equivalent to                Class A ordinary shares) if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full. In connection with this offering, we, our directors and executive officers, and existing shareholders have agreed not to sell, transfer or dispose of any ADSs, ordinary shares or similar securities for a period of [180] days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions. However, the underwriters may release these securities from these restrictions at any time, subject to applicable regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

After completion of this offering, certain shareholders may cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares, subject to the 180-day lock-up period in connection with this offering. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in ADSs representing these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of such registration. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of the ADSs. See “Underwriting” and “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” for a more detailed description of the restrictions on selling our securities after this offering.

In addition, as of the date of this prospectus, we have granted certain options to employees under our share incentive plans, which are not exercised as of the date of this prospectus. We may grant additional options or share-based awards to employees, directors and consultants in the future. To the extent that any of these options are vested and exercised, and any of such shares are sold in the market, it could have an adverse effect on the market price of the ADSs.

Our dual-class voting structure will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any change of control transactions that holders of our Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.

Our authorized share capital is and will continue to be divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares after this offering (with certain shares remaining undesignated, with power for our directors to designate and issue such classes of shares as they think fit). Holders of Class A ordinary shares are and will continue to be entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are and will continue to be entitled to ten votes per share. We will issue Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs in this offering. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time by the holder thereof, while Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. After this offering, the holder of Class B ordinary shares will have the ability to control matters requiring shareholders’ approval, including any amendment of our memorandum and articles of association. Any future issuances of Class B ordinary shares may be dilutive to the voting power of holders of Class A ordinary shares. Any conversions of Class B ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares may dilute the percentage ownership of the existing holders of Class A ordinary shares within their class of ordinary shares. Such conversions may increase the aggregate voting power of the existing holders of Class A ordinary shares. In the event that we have multiple holders of Class B ordinary shares in the future and certain of them convert their Class B ordinary shares into Class A ordinary shares, the remaining holders who retain their Class B ordinary shares may experience increases in their relative voting power.

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Upon the completion of this offering, Mr. Peng Li, will beneficially own all of our issued Class B ordinary shares. These Class B ordinary shares will constitute                % of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering and                % of the aggregate voting power of our total issued and outstanding share capital immediately after the completion of this offering due to the disparate voting powers associated with our dual-class share structure, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs. As a result of the dual-class share structure and the concentration of ownership, holders of Class B ordinary shares have and will continue to have considerable influence over matters such as decisions regarding mergers and consolidations, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. Such holders may take actions that are not in the best interest of us or our other shareholders. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company, which could have the effect of depriving our other shareholders of the opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and may reduce the price of the ADSs. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions that holders of Class A ordinary shares and ADSs may view as beneficial.

Our founder, Mr. Peng Li, will have considerable influence over us and our corporate matters.

Upon completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs, our founder, Mr. Peng Li, will hold all of our issued and outstanding Class B ordinary shares, representing                % of our total voting power. Mr. Peng Li will have considerable power to control actions that require shareholder approval under Cayman Islands law, such as electing directors, approving material mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions and amending our memorandum and articles of association. This control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and may prevent transactions that would be beneficial to you, including discouraging others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions, which could have the effect of depriving the holders of our Class A ordinary shares and the ADSs of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price.

The dual-class structure of our ordinary shares may adversely affect the trading market for the ADSs.

Certain shareholder advisory firms have announced changes to their eligibility criteria for inclusion of shares of public companies on certain indices, including the S&P 500, to exclude companies with multiple classes of shares and companies whose public shareholders hold no more than 5% of total voting power from being added to such indices. In addition, several shareholder advisory firms have announced their opposition to the use of multiple class structures. As a result, the dual class structure of our ordinary shares may prevent the inclusion of the ADSs representing Class A ordinary shares in such indices and may cause shareholder advisory firms to publish negative commentary about our corporate governance practices or otherwise seek to cause us to change our capital structure. Any such exclusion from indices could result in a less active trading market for the ADSs. Any actions or publications by shareholder advisory firms critical of our corporate governance practices or capital structure could also adversely affect the value of the ADSs.

Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this offering, you must rely on price appreciation of the ADSs for return on your investment.

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in the ADSs as a source for any future dividend income.

Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profit or share premium account, provided that in no

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circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. Even if our board of directors decides to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of the ADSs. There is no guarantee that the ADSs will appreciate in value after this offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in the ADSs and you may even lose your entire investment in the ADSs.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds from this offering, and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds of this offering, and our management will have considerable discretion in deciding how to apply these proceeds, including for any of the purposes described in the section entitled “Use of Proceeds.” Because of the number and variability of factors that will determine our use of our net proceeds from this offering, their ultimate use may vary substantially from their currently intended use. This creates uncertainty for the ADS holders and could affect our business, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. You will not have the opportunity to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately before you make your investment decision. You must rely on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. We cannot assure you that the net proceeds will be used in a manner that will improve our results of operations or increase the ADS price, nor that these net proceeds will be placed only in investments that generate income or appreciate in value.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law and our operations are primarily conducted in emerging markets.

We are an exempted company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands. Our corporate affairs are governed by our post-offering memorandum and articles of association, the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by our minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have the standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies (save for our memorandum and articles of association, our register of mortgages and charges and special resolutions of our shareholders). Our directors have discretion under our amended and restated articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to completion of this offering to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

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We conduct our business in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. The SEC, U.S. Department of Justice and other authorities often have substantial difficulties in bringing and enforcing actions against non-U.S. companies and non-U.S. persons, including company directors and officers, in certain emerging markets, including China. Additionally, our public shareholders may have limited rights and few practical remedies in China, as shareholder claims that are common in the United States, including class action securities law and fraud claims, generally are difficult or impossible to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in many emerging markets, including China.

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of our board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see “Description of Share Capital — Differences in Corporate Law.”

As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices for corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq Stock Market corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the corporate governance listing standards.

As a Cayman Islands exempted company listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards, which requires listed companies to have, among other things, a majority of their board members to be independent and independent director oversight of executive compensation and nomination of directors. However, the Nasdaq Stock Market rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards.

We are permitted to elect to rely on home country practice to be exempted from the corporate governance requirements. We currently intend to follow Cayman Islands corporate governance practices in lieu of the corporate governance standards of the Nasdaq Stock Market that listed companies must: (1) have a majority of independent directors, (2) have a nominating/corporate governance committee composed entirely of independent directors, (3) have an audit committee composed of at least three members, (4) obtain shareholders’ approval for issuance of securities in certain situations, and (5) hold annual shareholders’ meetings. To the extent that we choose to follow home country practice, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards.

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We conduct our business in China and substantially all of our assets are located in China. In addition, most of our current directors and senior executive officers are nationals and residents of jurisdictions other than the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the PRC laws and the laws of the Cayman Islands may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. For more information regarding the relevant laws of the Cayman Islands and China, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the Nasdaq Stock Market listing rules and, as a result, may rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.

We will be a “controlled company” as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market listing rules because Mr. Peng Li, our founder, will continue to control more than 50% of our total voting power immediately after the

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completion of this offering. Pursuant to our post-offering memorandum and articles of association, an ordinary resolution to be passed at a shareholders’ meeting requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast at a meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the outstanding and issued ordinary shares cast at a meeting. A special resolution will be required for important matters such as making changes to our post-offering memorandum and articles of association. As a result, Mr. Peng Li will have the ability to control or significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring approval by shareholders. In addition, for so long as we remain a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely on, and may rely on, certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors. We do not currently plan to utilize the exemptions available for controlled companies after we complete this offering, but instead, we plan to rely on the exemption available for foreign private issuers to follow our home country governance practices. See “— Risks Related to the ADSs and this Offering — As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices for corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq Stock Market corporate governance listing standards; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the corporate governance listing standards.” If we cease to be a foreign private issuer or if we cannot rely on the home country governance practice exemptions for any reason, we may decide to invoke the exemptions available for a controlled company as long as we remain a controlled company. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

We may not be able to satisfy listing requirements of the Nasdaq Stock Market or obtain or maintain a listing of the ADSs on the Nasdaq Stock Market.

If the ADSs are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we must meet certain financial and liquidity criteria to maintain such listing. If we violate the Nasdaq Stock Market’s listing requirements, or if we fail to meet any of the Nasdaq Stock Market’s listing standards, the ADSs may be delisted. In addition, our board of directors may determine that the cost of maintaining our listing on a national securities exchange outweighs the benefits of such listing. The delisting of the ADSs from the Nasdaq Stock Market could significantly impair our ability to raise capital and the value of your investment.

You, as holders of ADSs, may have fewer rights than holders of our ordinary shares and must act through the depositary to exercise those rights.

Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of the ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights that are carried by the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs indirectly in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Under the deposit agreement, you may vote only by giving voting instructions to the depositary. Upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as is practicable, to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with your instructions. If we ask for your instructions, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with these instructions. If we do not instruct the depositary to ask for your instructions, the depositary may still vote in accordance with instructions you give, but it is not required to do so. You will not be able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs unless you withdraw such ordinary shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting.

The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to vote your Class A ordinary shares.

As a holder of the ADSs, you will only be able to exercise the voting rights with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement.

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Under the deposit agreement, you must vote by giving voting instructions to the depositary. Upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with these instructions. You will not be able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs unless you cancel and withdraw such ordinary shares. Under our second amended and restated memorandum and articles of association that will become effective immediately prior to the completion of this offering, the minimum notice period required for convening a general meeting is ten calendar days. When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice to withdraw the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs to allow you to vote with respect to any specific matter. If we ask for your instructions, the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and you may have no legal remedy if the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are not voted as you requested.

The depositary for the ADSs will give us a proxy to a person designated by us to vote our Class A ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in a manner consistent with the recommendation(s) made by our board of directors as set forth in the proxy statement or other voting materials in connection with the matter(s) submitted for voting if you do not vote at shareholders’ meetings or if the depositary or we do not receive timely voting instructions from you, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect your interests.

Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, if you do not vote at shareholders’ meetings or if the depositary or we do not receive timely voting instructions from you, the depositary may give us a proxy to a person designated by us to vote the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs at shareholders’ meetings in a manner consistent with the recommendation(s) made by our board of directors as set forth in the proxy statement or other voting materials in connection with the matter(s) submitted for voting if we have timely provided the depositary with notice of meeting and related voting materials and (1) we have instructed the depositary that we wish a proxy to our board of directors to be given, (2) we have informed the depositary that there is no substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting, and (3) a matter to be voted on at the meeting would not have an adverse impact on shareholders.

The effect of this proxy is that you cannot prevent the underlying Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs from being voted, except under the circumstances described above. This may make it more difficult for holders to influence the management of the company. Holders of ordinary shares are not subject to this proxy.

You may not receive distributions on the ADSs or any value for them if such distribution is illegal or impractical or if any required government approval cannot be obtained in order to make such distribution available to you.

Although we do not have any present plan to pay any dividends, the depositary of ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on ordinary shares or other deposited securities underlying the ADSs, after deducting its fees and expenses and any applicable taxes and governmental charges. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For instance, it would be unlawful to make a distribution to a holder of ADSs if it consists of securities whose offering would require registration under the Securities Act but are not so properly registered or distributed under an applicable exemption from registration. The depositary may also determine that it is not reasonably practicable to distribute certain property. In these cases, the depositary may determine not to distribute such property. We have no obligation to register under the U.S. securities laws any offering of ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or other securities received through such distributions. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, ordinary shares, rights or anything else to holders of ADSs. This means that you may not receive distributions we make on our ordinary shares or any value

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for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you. These restrictions may cause a material decline in the value of the ADSs.

We and the depositary are entitled to amend the deposit agreement and to change the rights of ADSs holders under the terms of such agreement, and we may terminate the deposit agreement, without the prior consent of the ADSs holders.

We and the depositary may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. Such amendment or termination may be done in favor of our company. Holders of the ADSs, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, shall be given at least 30 days’ notice of any amendment that imposes or increases any fees or charges (other than stock transfer or other taxes and other governmental charges, transfer or registration fees, SWIFT, cable, telex or facsimile transmission costs, delivery costs or other such expenses), or otherwise prejudices any substantial existing right of ADR holders. If you continue to hold your ADSs after an amendment to the deposit agreement, you agree to be bound by the deposit agreement as amended. The depositary may, and shall at our written direction, terminate the deposit agreement and the ADRs by mailing notice of such termination to the registered holders of ADRs at least 30 days prior to the date fixed in such notice for such termination. After instructing its custodian to deliver all ordinary shares to us along with a general stock power that refers to the names set forth on the ADR register maintained by the depositary and providing us with a copy of the ADR register maintained by the depositary, the depositary and its agents will perform no further acts under the deposit agreement or the ADRs and shall cease to have any obligations under the deposit agreement and/or the ADRs. See “Description of American Depositary Shares” for more information.

You may experience dilution of your holdings due to inability to participate in rights offerings.

We may, from time to time, distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the United States unless we register the rights and the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Also, under the deposit agreement, the depositary will not make rights available to you unless either both the rights and any related securities are registered under the Securities Act, or the distribution of them to ADS holders is exempted from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. If the depositary does not distribute the rights, it may, under the deposit agreement, either sell them, if possible, or allow them to lapse. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.

You may be subject to limitations on transfer of your ADSs.

Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deems it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

ADSs holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

The deposit agreement governing our ADSs provides that, to the extent permitted by law, holders of our ADSs waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under U.S. federal securities laws. However, you will not be deemed, by agreeing to the terms of the deposit agreement, to have waived our or the depositary’s compliance with U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. In fact, you cannot waive our or the depositary’s compliance with U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

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If we or the depositary oppose a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. The deposit agreement governing our ADSs provides that, (1) the deposit agreement and the ADSs will be interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, and (2) as an owner of ADSs, you irrevocably agree that any legal action arising out of the deposit agreement and the ADSs involving us or the depositary may only be instituted in a state or federal court in the city of New York. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, by a federal or state court in the City of New York. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily has waived the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before investing in the ADSs.

If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs, including purchasers of ADSs in secondary market transactions, bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of increasing the cost of bringing a claim and limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us and the depositary. If a lawsuit is brought against either or both of us and the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiffs in any such action.

Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs or by us or the depositary of compliance with any substantive provision of the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Moreover, as the enforcement provisions in the deposit agreement, including the jury trial waiver, relate to claims arising out of or relating to the ADSs or the deposit agreement, we believe that, as a matter of construction of the clause, the enforcement provisions would likely continue to apply to ADS holders who withdraw the Class A ordinary shares from the ADS facility with respect to claims arising before the cancelation of the ADSs and the withdrawal of the Class A ordinary shares, and the enforcement provisions would most likely not apply to ADS holders who subsequently withdraw the Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs from the ADS facility with respect to claims arising after the withdrawal. However, to our knowledge, there has been no case law on the applicability of the jury trial waiver to ADS holders who withdraw the Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs from the ADS facility.

Your rights to select a judicial venue for legal actions are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement and the deposit agreement may be amended or terminated without your consent.

Under the deposit agreement, any legal suit, action or proceeding against or involving us or the depositary, arising out of or relating in any way to the deposit agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or by virtue of owning the ADSs may only be instituted in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (or, if the Southern District of New York lacks subject matter jurisdiction over a particular dispute, in the state courts of New York County, New York), and a holder of the ADSs, will have irrevocably waived any objection which such holder may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such action or proceeding. However, the enforceability of similar federal court choice of forum provisions in other companies’ organizational documents has been challenged in legal proceedings in the United States, and it is possible that a court could find this type of

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provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable. Accepting or consenting to this forum selection provision does not represent you are waiving compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Furthermore, investors cannot waive compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

[We may be a passive foreign investment company, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. investors owning the ADSs or our Class A ordinary shares.

A non-U.S. corporation, such as our company, will be classified as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”), for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for any taxable year if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income; or (2) at least 50% of the value of its assets (generally determined on the basis of a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income. For purposes of making a PFIC determination, the non-U.S. corporation will be treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets and earning its proportionate share of the gross income of any other corporation in which it owns, directly or indirectly, more than 25% (by value) of the stock. Although the law in this regard is not entirely clear, we treat the affiliated entities as being owned by us for U.S. federal income tax purposes because we control their management decisions and are entitled to substantially all of the economic benefits associated with them. As a result, we consolidate their financial results in our consolidated U.S. GAAP financial statements. If it were determined, however, that we are not the owner of the affiliated entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we may be or become a PFIC for the current taxable year and any subsequent taxable year. Assuming that we are the owner of the affiliated entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and based on the current and anticipated value of our assets and composition of our income and assets (taking into account the expected cash proceeds from, and our anticipated market capitalization following, this offering), we do not expect to be a PFIC for the current taxable year or the foreseeable future.

No assurance can be given in this regard because the determination of whether we are or will become a PFIC for any taxable year is a fact-intensive inquiry made annually that depends, in part, upon the composition of our income and assets. Additionally, fluctuations in the market price of the ADSs may cause us to be or become a PFIC for the current or subsequent taxable years because the value of our assets for the purpose of the asset test, including the value of our goodwill and other intangibles, may generally be determined by reference to the market price of the ADSs from time to time (which may be volatile). The composition of our income and assets may also be affected by how, and how quickly, we use our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering.

If we were to be or become a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Taxation — United States Federal Income Taxation”) holds the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder. See “Taxation — United States Federal Income Taxation — Passive foreign investment company considerations.”]

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our results of operations, financial condition, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

• our mission, goals and strategies;

• our future business development, financial condition and results of operations;

• the expected growth of China’s online learning industry;

• our expectations regarding demand for and market acceptance of our solutions;

• competition in our industry;

• our proposed use of proceeds; and

• relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry.

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” “Regulation” and other sections in this prospectus. You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. The online learning industry may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this market to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price of the ADSs. In addition, the rapidly evolving nature of this industry results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we refer to in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this offering of approximately US$                million, or approximately US$                million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. These estimates are based upon an assumed initial public offering price of US$                per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price set forth on the front cover of this prospectus.

A US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$                per ADS would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by US$                million, or by US$                if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, assuming the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the front cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

The primary purposes of this offering are to increase our financial flexibility, create a public market for our Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs for the benefit of all shareholders, retain talented employees by providing them with equity incentives, obtain additional capital, and enhance our market visibility and brand exposure. We, together with the VIE, plan to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows:

• approximately 30%, or US$                , for improving the learning experience of our learners and our content development capability;

• approximately 20%, or US$                , for broadening our service offerings and expanding our services oversea;

• approximately 20%, or US$                , for improving our technology infrastructures;

• approximately 20%, or US$                , for marketing and brand promotion;

• approximately 10%, or US$                , for general corporate purposes and working capital.

The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant discretion and flexibility to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the ADSs and this Offering — We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds from this offering, and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.”

To the extent that the net proceeds we receive from this offering are not immediately applied for the above purposes, we may invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing debt instruments or bank deposits.

In using the proceeds of this offering, we are permitted under PRC laws and regulations as an offshore holding company to provide funding to our WFOE only through capital contributions or loans and to the VIE only through loans, subject to satisfaction of applicable government registration and approval requirements as well as the laws and regulations on the conversion from U.S. dollars into Renminbi. We expect a significant portion of the proceeds from this offering will be used in China in Renminbi. We will also need to convert any capital contributions to our WFOE or loans to our WFOE and the VIE from U.S. dollars to Renminbi. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain these government registrations or approvals in a timely manner, if at all. Any failure will delay or prevent us from applying the net proceeds from this offering to our WFOE and VIE. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — PRC regulation of loans to and direct investment in PRC entities by offshore holding companies and governmental control of currency conversion may delay or prevent us from using the proceeds of this offering to make loans to or make additional capital contributions to our WFOE, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity and our ability to fund and expand our business.”

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DIVIDEND POLICY

Our board of directors has complete discretion in deciding the payment of any future dividends, subject to certain requirements of Cayman Islands law. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. Under Cayman Islands law, a Cayman Islands company may pay a dividend out of either profits or share premium account, provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in the company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. The declaration and payment of dividends will depend upon, among other things, our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, our financial condition, contractual restrictions, general business conditions and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. See “Description of Share Capital — Our Post-offering Memorandum and Articles of Association — Dividends.”

We have not declared or paid any dividends. We do not have any present plan to pay any cash dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future after this offering. We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business.

QuantaSing Group Limited is a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. For our cash requirements, including any payment of dividends to our shareholders, we rely upon payments from our WFOE. PRC regulations may restrict the ability of our WFOE to pay dividends to us. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in China — We rely on dividends and other distributions on equity paid by our WFOE to fund any cash and financing requirements we may have, and any limitation on the ability of our WFOE to make payments to us could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to conduct our business.”

If we pay any dividends on our ordinary shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such ordinary shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to the ADS holders in proportion to the Class A ordinary shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. See “Description of American Depositary Shares.” Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. Dollars.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our total capitalization, as of September 30, 2022.

• on an actual basis;

• a pro forma basis to reflect the conversion of all of our remaining outstanding 100,843,631 preferred shares into Class A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of this offering; and

• a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect (1) the conversion of all of our remaining outstanding 100,843,631 preferred shares into Class A ordinary shares on a one-for-one basis immediately prior to the completion of this offering; and (2) the sale and issuance by us of                Class A ordinary shares in the form of ADSs in this offering, based upon the assumed initial public offering price of US$                per ADS, the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional ADSs.

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The pro forma as adjusted information set forth in the following table is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing. You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, and the “Selected Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections that are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	As of September 30, 2022
	Actual		Pro forma		Pro forma as adjusted
	RMB	US$	RMB	US$	RMB	US$
Mezzanine equity