10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ and ____________

Commission file number 001-41468

________________________

D-WAVE QUANTUM INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

________________________

Delaware	88-1068854
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2650 East Bayshore Road Palo Alto, California	94303
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(604) 630-1428

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	QBTS	New York Stock Exchange
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50	QBTS.WT	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   x    No   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

As of November 8, 2023, the registrant had 113,401,611 shares of common stock at par value $0.0001 outstanding. In addition, there were 46,526,886 exchangeable shares outstanding as of November 8, 2023, which are convertible into shares of common stock on a one for one basis at any time for no consideration.

Table of Contents

		Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.	D-Wave Quantum Inc. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	11
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	12
Item 2.	D-Wave Quantum Inc. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	37
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	37
Part II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	39
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	39
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	39
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	39
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	39
Item 5.	Other Information	39
Item 6.	Exhibits	40
Signatures		41

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) and in documents incorporated herein by reference may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report to the terms “D-Wave” and the “Company” refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc., together with its subsidiaries. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding D-Wave and D-Wave’s management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “believe”, “may”, “will”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “trend”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “project”, “potential”, “seem”. “seek”, “future”, “outlook”, “forecast”, “projection”, “continue”, “ongoing”, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, which are subject to a number of risks. Forward-looking statements in this Report may include, for example, statements about:

•D-Wave's future growth and innovations;

•the increased adoption of quantum computing solutions and expansion of related market opportunities and use cases;

•D-Wave's expectations regarding product development and functionality;

•D-Wave’s financial and business performance, including financial projections and business metrics relating to, among other things, QCaaS revenue, cost of revenue, operating losses and cash flows;

•changes in D-Wave’s strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans;

•the ability of D-Wave’s products and services to meet customers’ compliance and regulatory needs;

•developments and projections relating to D-Wave’s products, competitors and industry;

•the impact of the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, the Israel-Hamas War, and any evolutions thereof, on D-Wave’s business and the actions D-Wave may take in response thereto;

•D-Wave’s expectations regarding its ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection and not infringe on the rights of others;

•D-Wave's expectations about the Term Loan (as defined below) providing it sufficient cash runway;

•D-Wave’s expectations about investments in general and administrative areas and research and development capabilities;

•whether warrant holders will exercise their warrants in certain conditions;

•D-Wave’s future capital requirements and sources and uses of cash;

•D-Wave’s ability to obtain funding for its operations and future growth; and

•D-Wave’s business, expansion plans and opportunities.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements in making an investment decision. These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Report, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties and are not predictions of actual performance. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

These forward-looking statements are not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on as, a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability regarding future performance, events or circumstances. Many of the factors affecting actual performance, events and circumstances are beyond the control of D-

3

Wave. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

•anticipated trends, growth rates, and challenges in companies, such as D-Wave, that are engaged in the business of quantum computing and in the markets in which they operate;

•the risk that D-Wave’s securities will not maintain a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”);

•risks related to the uncertainty of the unaudited prospective forecasted financial information;

•risks related to the performance of D-Wave’s business and the timing of expected business or financial milestones;

•unanticipated technological or project development challenges, including with respect to the cost and/or timing thereof;

•the performance of D-Wave’s products and services;

•the effects of competition on D-Wave’s business;

•changes in D-Wave’s business as well as market, financial, political and legal conditions;

•the risk that D-Wave will need to raise additional capital to execute its business plan, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all;

•the risk that D-Wave may never achieve or sustain profitability;

•the risk that D-Wave is unable to secure or protect its intellectual property;

•changes in applicable laws or regulations;

•the effect of the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, the Israel-Hamas War, geopolitical events, natural disasters, wars, terrorist acts or a combination of these factors on D-Wave’s business and the economy in general;

•the ability of D-Wave to execute its business model, including market acceptance of its planned products and services;

•D-Wave’s ability to raise capital, including under the Purchase Agreement (as defined below) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund LLC ("Lincoln Park");

•D-Wave's ability to obtain funds under the Term Loan (as defined below);

•the possibility that D-Wave may be negatively impacted by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors;

•risks stemming from inflation;

•any changes to applicable tax laws, including U.S. tax laws; and

•other risks and uncertainties described in Report, including those referenced under the section titled “Risk Factors.”

In addition, statements that “D-Wave believes” and similar statements reflect D-Wave’s beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to D-Wave as of the date of this Report, and while D-Wave believes such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and such statements should not be read to indicate that such party has conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

4

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

	As of
	September 30,		December 31,
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	53,317	$	7,065
Trade accounts receivable	763		757
Inventories	2,244		2,196
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,870		3,907
Total current assets	58,194		13,925
Property and equipment, net	1,879		2,294
Operating lease right-of-use assets	8,560		9,133
Intangible assets, net	195		244
Other noncurrent assets	1,351		1,351
Total assets	$	70,179	$	26,947
Liabilities and stockholders' (deficit) equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	$	1,541	$	3,756
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	9,604		8,640
Loans payable, current	30,006		1,671
Deferred revenue, current	2,177		1,781
Total current liabilities	43,328		15,848
Warrant liabilities	1,971		1,892
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	6,884		7,301
Loans payable, noncurrent	9,108		7,811
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	92		9
Total liabilities	61,383		32,861
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' (deficit) equity:
Common stock par value $0.0001 per share; 675,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 155,288,763 shares and 113,335,530 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.	15		11
Additional paid-in capital	462,385		381,274
Accumulated deficit	(443,132)		(376,797)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,472)		(10,402)
Total stockholders' (deficit) equity	8,796		(5,914)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	70,179	$	26,947

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended September 30,				For the nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022		2023		2022
Revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695	$	5,852	$	4,778
Cost of revenue	1,033		654		3,197		1,858
Total gross profit	1,529		1,041		2,655		2,920
Operating expenses:
Research and development	9,459		7,507		29,922		21,799
General and administrative	8,003		5,925		28,875		13,566
Sales and marketing	2,474		2,773		7,862		5,982
Total operating expenses	19,936		16,205		66,659		41,347
Loss from operations	(18,407)		(15,164)		(64,004)		(38,427)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(1,247)		(1,069)		(2,482)		(3,588)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	1,433		2,603		(79)		2,603
Government assistance	1,051		—		1,051		—
Change in fair value of Term Loan	1,701		—		1,356		—
Term Loan debt issuance costs	(725)		—		(2,118)		—
Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement issuance costs	—		(629)		—		(629)
Other income (expense), net	365		948		(59)		1,301
Total other income (expense), net	2,578		1,853		(2,331)		(313)
Net loss	$	(15,829)	$	(13,311)	$	(66,335)	$	(38,740)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(0.11)	$	(0.50)	$	(0.32)
Weighted-average shares * used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted	133,222,318		116,256,805		131,373,959		122,337,727
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(15,829)	$	(13,311)	$	(66,335)	$	(38,740)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	15		56		(70)		18
Comprehensive loss	$	(15,814)	$	(13,255)	$	(66,405)	$	(38,722)

* Weighted-average shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

	Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
	Common stock
(In thousands, except share data)	Shares	Amount		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total stockholders' (deficit) equity
Balances at June 30, 2023	128,028,658	$	12	$	409,885	$	(427,303)	$	(10,487)	$	(27,893)
Exercise of stock options	786,202	—		683		—		—		683
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Purchase Agreement	26,247,450	3		45,660		—		—		45,663
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ESPP	226,453	—		273						273
Stock-based compensation	—	—		5,884		—		—		5,884
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		15		15
Net loss	—	—		—		(15,829)		—		(15,829)
Balance at September 30, 2023	155,288,763	$	15	$	462,385	$	(443,132)	$	(10,472)	$	8,796

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

	Stockholders’ Deficit
	Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock				Common stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total stockholders' deficit
(In thousands, except share data)	Shares		Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances at June 30, 2022	137,765,828		$	189,881	3,341,327	$	2,811	$	147,754	$	(350,697)	$	(10,481)	$	(20,732)
Retroactive application of Merger	(15,201,495)		—		(368,692)	(2,811)		2,811		—		—		—
Adjusted Balances, beginning of period*	122,564,333		189,881		2,972,635	—		150,565		(350,697)		(10,481)		(20,732)
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Merger	(122,564,333)		(189,881)		96,764,117	10		189,871		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement (Note 4)	—	—	—		381,540	—		3,271		—		—		3,271
Merger, net of redemptions and transaction costs	—	—	—		4,327,512	—		(16,242)		—		—		(16,242)
Issuance of common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment	—	—	—		5,816,528	1		39,999		—		—		40,000
Exercise of warrants	—	—	—		115,025	—		910		—		—		910
Stock-based compensation	—	—	—			—		1,781		—		—		1,781
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—		—		—	—		—		—		56		56
Net loss	—		—		—	—		—		(13,311)		—		(13,311)
Balances at September 30, 2022	—		$	—	110,377,357	$	11	$	370,155	$	(364,008)	$	(10,425)	$	(4,267)

* Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

(Unaudited)

	Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
	Common stock
(In thousands, except share data)	Shares	Amount		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total stockholders' (deficit) equity
Balances at December 31, 2022	113,335,530	$	11	$	381,274	$	(376,797)	$	(10,402)	$	(5,914)
Exercise of stock options	2,239,676	—		1,890		—		—		1,890
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Purchase Agreement	39,487,104	4		61,342		—		—		61,346
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ESPP	226,453	—		273		—		—		273
Stock-based compensation	—	—		17,362		—		—		17,362
Short-swing profit settlement	—	—		244		—		—		244
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(70)		(70)
Net loss	—	—		—		(66,335)		—		(66,335)
Balances at September 30, 2023	155,288,763	$	15	$	462,385	$	(443,132)	$	(10,472)	$	8,796

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

	Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
	Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock			Common stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total stockholders' (deficit) equity
(In thousands, except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2021	137,765,828	$	189,881	3,166,949	$	2,610	$	146,240	$	(325,268)	$	(10,443)	$	3,020
Retroactive application of Merger	(15,201,495)	—		(349,451)	(2,610)		2,610		—		—		—
Adjusted Balances, beginning of period*	122,564,333	189,881		2,817,498	—		148,850		(325,268)		(10,443)		3,020
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Business Combination (Note 3)	(122,564,333)	(189,881)		96,764,117	10		189,871		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ELOC (Note 3)	—	—		381,540	—		3,271		—		—		3,271
Business Combination, net of redemptions and transaction costs (Note 3)	—	—		4,327,512	—		(16,242)		—		—		(16,242)
Issuance of common stock in connection with the PIPE Investment (Note 3)	—	—		5,816,528	1		39,999		—		—		40,000
Old D-Wave exercise of stock options	—	—		155,137	—		141		—		—		141
Exercise of warrants	—	—		115,025	—		910		—		—		910
Old D-Wave stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		3,355		—		—		3,355
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		18		18
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(38,740)		—		(38,740)
Balances at September 30, 2022	—	$	—	110,377,357	$	11	$	370,155	$	(364,008)	$	(10,425)	$	(4,267)

* Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

10

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Nine months ended September 30,
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(66,335)	$	(38,740)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	828		1,038
Stock-based compensation	17,362		3,355
Amortization of operating right of use assets	573		493
Non-cash interest expense	2,405		1,616
Non-cash final fee payment for Venture Loan	—		1,808
Non-cash Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement issuance costs	—		629
Change in fair value of Warrant liabilities	79		(2,603)
Change in fair value of Term Loan	(1,356)		—
Debt issuance costs netted from Term Loan proceeds	993		—
Government assistance	(1,051)		—
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)	(15)		(1,226)
Other non-cash activities	35		266
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	7		1
Research incentives receivable	—		1,448
Inventories	(235)		(684)
Deferred offering costs	—		1,250
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,035		(3,815)
Trade accounts payable	(2,267)		614
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	965		1,704
Deferred revenue	479		(1,051)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	(412)		(442)
Net cash used in operating activities	(45,910)		(34,339)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(141)		(249)
Purchase of software	(35)		(67)
Net cash used in investing activities	(176)		(316)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock from the PIPE investment (Note 3)	—		40,000
Merger, net of redemption and transaction costs (Note 3)	—		4,100
Transaction costs paid directly by D-Wave Systems	—		(6,528)
Proceeds from exercise of public warrants	—		910
Proceeds from promissory note - related party	—		420
Payment on directors and officers financing arrangement	(1,449)		(864)
Proceeds from Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement	61,346		—
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with ESPP	273		—
Proceeds from government assistance	1,487		3,124
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	1,890		141
Proceeds from debt financing	29,007		19,870
Debt payments	(390)		(20,000)
Venture Loan interest and final payment fee	—		(1,808)
Government loan payment	—		(398)
Short swing profit settlement	244		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	92,408		38,967
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(70)		(31)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	46,252		4,281
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	7,065		9,483
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	53,317	$	13,764
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financial activities:
Transfer from inventory to property and equipment	$	152	$	—
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	53	$	—
Non-cash directors and officers insurance	$	—	$	2,893
Initial warrant liabilities recognized in connection with closing of the Merger	$	—	$	8,101
Non-cash Merger financing	$	—	$	5,713
Issuance of shares for payment of Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement commitment fee	$	—	$	3,271
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock	$	—	$	189,871

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

11

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.    Description of business

D-Wave Quantum Inc. ("D-Wave" or the “Company”) was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware on January 24, 2022. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger between DPCM Capital, Inc. (“DPCM”), D-Wave Systems Inc. (“D-Wave Systems”), and certain other affiliated entities through a series of transactions (the “Merger”) pursuant to the definitive agreement entered into on February 7, 2022 (the “Transaction Agreement”). On August 5, 2022, in conjunction with the Merger, DPCM and D-Wave Systems became wholly-owned subsidiaries of, and are operated by, the Company. Upon the completion of the Merger, the Company succeeded to all of the operations of its predecessor, D-Wave Systems.

D-Wave is a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and web-based access to its superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through its cloud service, LeapTM. Historically, the Company has developed its own annealing superconducting quantum computer and associated software, and its current generation quantum system is the AdvantageTM system.

D-Wave has three operating facilities, which it leases, in North America. These facilities are located in Burnaby, British Columbia, Richmond, British Columbia, and Palo Alto, California.

2.    Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but certain notes or other information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been omitted if they substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the Company's annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, balance sheet, and cash flows. Interim results should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC.

The condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2023 or thereafter. All references to September 30, 2023 and 2022 in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon consolidation.

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Liquidity and going concern

The Company has prepared its condensed consolidated financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $443.1 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $15.8 million and $66.3 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $13.3 million and $38.7 million, respectively. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net cash outflows from operating activities of $45.9 million and $34.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $53.3 million of cash and working capital (current assets less current liabilities) of $14.9 million. The Company expects to incur additional operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities as it continues to expand its commercial operations and research and development programs.

On April 13, 2023, (the "Closing Date") the Company entered into the Term Loan and Security Agreement (the "Term Loan"), by and between the Company and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. ("PSPIB" or the "Lender"), a related party to the Company's largest shareholder. As further described in Note 7 - Loans payable, the Term Loan provides for an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million to be made available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions as defined in the Term Loan, including a financial covenant that measures the Company's revenue against certain minimum percentages of budgeted revenue per quarter. The first two tranches of the Term Loan, each amounting to $15.0 million in principal, were advanced to D-Wave on April 14, 2023 and July 13, 2023, respectively. The Lender agreed to modify certain conditions to the funding of the second tranche of the Term Loan, including delaying the delivery of a board-approved operating budget and plan for the Company’s fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to August 31, 2023 (later extended to December 31, 2023); modifying the condition that, prior to the funding of the second tranche,the Company shall have nominated an additional director that is either an employee of PSPIB or an independent director selected from PSPIB nominees to require such appointment at a later time at PSPIB’s option; and modifying notice deadline requirements for the registration or filings of intellectual property. PSPIB has also agreed to waive certain covenants under the Term Loan that the Company did not meet, including the minimum revenue financial covenant for the second and third fiscal quarters ended June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The availability of the third tranche of $20.0 million is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the closing of a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, the intellectual property valuation report submitted as a condition precedent to the second tranche remaining satisfactory to the Lender and the board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 to be submitted by December 31, 2023, being satisfactory to the Lender. The deadline to provide the operating budget was extended to December 31, 2023 from August 31, 2023 by the fourth amendment to the Term Loan dated October 6, 2023. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the third tranche or will be able to comply with the covenants of the Term Loan, or that PSPIB will agree to waive covenants under the Term Loan in the future.

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company and D-Wave Systems entered into a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park on June 16, 2022 (the "Purchase Agreement" or the "Purchase Agreement") which provides D-Wave the sole right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park to buy specified dollar amounts up to $150 million of D-Wave's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Common Shares") through November 1, 2025. The Purchase Agreement may provide the Company and D-Wave with additional liquidity to fund the business, subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement, including volume limitations tied to periodic market prices, ownership limitations restricting Lincoln Park from owning more than 9.9% of the then total outstanding Common Shares and a floor price of $1.00 at or below which the Company may not sell to Lincoln Park any Common Shares. When the Company sells shares to Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park may resell all, some, or none of those Common Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company has received $61.3 million in proceeds through the issuance of 39,487,104 Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. In order for the Company to issue Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement, the Company's share price must be above the floor price of $1.00 per share. There is no assurance that the floor price will not fall below $1.00 preventing the Company from being able to make sales to Lincoln Park in the future.

To the extent that sufficient capital is not obtained through the cash received in connection with the proceeds of the Term Loan or the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that D-Wave will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms. The issuance of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to the currently outstanding common stock. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit D-Wave’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If D-Wave is unable to obtain additional financing, operations will be scaled back or discontinued.

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The Company is not currently in compliance with, and may be unable to regain and/or maintain compliance with, certain continued listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). If the Company is unable to cure any event of noncompliance with any continued listing standard of the NYSE within the applicable timeframe and other parameters set forth by the NYSE, or if the Company fails to maintain compliance with certain continued listing standards that do not provide for a cure period, it will result in the delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE, which could negatively impact the trading price, trading volume and liquidity of, and have other material adverse effects on, the Company’s common stock and its ability to raise capital.

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, “Basis of Presentation—Going Concern”, management has determined that the Company's liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is considered to be for a period of one year from the issuance of these financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments could be material.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.

The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, the Israel-Hamas War, and any evolutions thereof. The change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Debt

The Company determined that it is eligible for the fair value option election in connection with the Term Loan. The Term Loan meets the definition of a “recognized financial liability” which is an acceptable financial instrument eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10-15-4 and does not meet the definition of any of the financial instruments found within ASC 825-10-15-5 that are not eligible for the fair value option. At the date of issuance, the fair value of the Term Loan is derived from the instrument’s implied discount rate at inception.

Changes in the fair value of the Term Loan, other than changes associated with the Company's own credit risk, are recorded as gains or losses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in each reporting period. Changes in fair value attributable to the Company's own credit risk are recorded in other comprehensive income or loss in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in each reporting period; there have been no such changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Under the fair value option, debt issuance costs are recorded in other expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Term Loan is subject to certain repayment and prepayment provisions which the Company has considered in their valuation analysis. The valuation analysis performed as of the issuance date on April 13, 2023 and September 30, 2023 did not consider any amendments to the Term Loan that occurred subsequent to September 30, 2023 (See Note 7). A Monte Carlo simulation model was utilized to forecast the probability of the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement to determine the estimated proceeds to be paid to the Lender along with a mandatory prepayment premium of 10%. Additionally, the Company estimated the probability for an event of default in the valuation analysis which would result in a mandatory prepayment of the outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest. A binomial lattice model was utilized to determine the impact on the valuation of optional prepayments, in the event a mandatory prepayment does not occur. The Company assessed the fair value of the Term Loan at issuance date and as of September 30, 2023 resulting in unrealized gains of $1.7 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

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Fair value of financial instruments

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The Company carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values of the Company's marketable investments were $1.2 million, respectively, and were reported in other noncurrent assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

Description	Level	September 30, 2023
Liabilities:
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants	1	$	1,091
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants	2	$	880
Term Loan	3	$	29,800

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrants was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.

As of September 30, 2023, the liabilities for the Warrants were calculated by multiplying the quoted market price per DPCM Public Warrant of $0.11 by the 17,916,606 Warrants outstanding (see Note 8).

The Company elected the fair value option for its Term Loan. This liability is deemed to be a Level 3 valuation. The Company adjusts the Term Loan to fair value with adjustments recorded in change in fair value of Term Loan on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Government assistance

The Company receives various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.

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During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED") investment tax credits of nil and $0.1 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon entering into the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022, the Company is no longer a Canadian Controlled Private Corporation. As a result, beginning February 7, 2022, SR&ED investment tax credits can be applied to reduce income taxes payable to the Canadian government and any such investment tax credits that are not realized will be reflected as investment tax credit carryforwards. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not record any SR&ED investment tax credits.

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted

No recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted have had a material effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements or effective during 2023 had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

3. Merger

On August 5, 2022, the Company completed the Merger. Upon the closing of the Merger, the following occurred:

•Each non-redeeming share of DPCM Class A common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.4541326 Common Shares (the “Exchange Ratio”), such that 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A common stock that were not redeemed were exchanged for 1,311,937 Common Shares;

•All outstanding warrants of DPCM were converted into the right to receive Warrants. Each such Warrant is exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares, at any time commencing on September 4, 2022, the date that is 30 days after the completion of the Merger. The number of Common Shares received upon the exercise of Warrants will be rounded down to the nearest whole number of Common Shares;

•3,015,575 shares of DPCM Class B common stock held by Sponsor and DPCM’s officers, directors and other special advisors were converted into Common Shares on a one-for-one basis; and

•Pursuant to an arrangement effected under Part 9, Division 5 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Arrangement”) all holders of outstanding non-redeemable convertible preferred shares of D-Wave Systems received equity interests in D-Wave in exchange for their equity interests in D-Wave Systems. The aggregate consideration paid to former shareholders of D-Wave Systems in connection with the Merger was approximately 99,736,752 Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares (as defined below) (excluding options of D-Wave Systems and warrants of D-Wave Systems).

“Exchangeable Shares” refers to shares in the capital of D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc., or ExchangeCo, an indirect Canadian subsidiary of D-Wave. The Exchangeable Shares are exchangeable from time to time, at the holder’s election, for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

In connection with the Merger and concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, on February 7, 2022, DPCM and the Company entered into separate subscription agreements with a number of investors (each a "PIPE Investor"), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors, a number of Common Shares (the “PIPE Shares”) equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”), such that the PIPE Investors purchased 5,816,528 PIPE Shares in the aggregate. The PIPE Investment closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Merger.

On August 2, 2022, the DPCM shareholders voted to approve the Merger. Management determined that once this vote had occurred, it was probable that D-Wave Quantum Inc. would be required to pay Lincoln Park the Commitment Fee associated with the Purchase Agreement. As such, on August 2, 2022, D-Wave Quantum Inc. incurred a $2.6 million liability payable to Lincoln Park, which was the amount of cash contractually required to settle the Commitment Fee. Other than the Commitment Fee liability, D-Wave Quantum, Inc. had no other assets, liabilities, or operations prior to the closing of the Merger on August 5, 2022.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, DPCM was treated as the "acquired" company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing shares for the net assets of DPCM,

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accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DPCM were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

4.    Revenue from contracts with customers

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	1,132	$	1,346
Professional services	1,421		347
Other revenue	9		2
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over time	$	2,506	$	1,660
Revenue recognized at a point in time	56		35
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	3,333	$	3,905
Professional services	2,482		812
Other revenue	37		61
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over time	$	5,713	$	4,618
Revenue recognized at a point in time	139		160
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778

Other revenue includes training and printed circuit board sales.

The following tables present a summary of revenue by geography, based on the addresses of our customers, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
United States	$	1,083	$	951
Japan	299		293
Germany	287		237
Switzerland	311		—
Other	582		214
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
United States	$	1,814	$	2,461
Japan	920		1,008
Germany	865		757
Switzerland	686		—
Other	1,567		552
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778

"Other" includes the rest of Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Canada and Australia where the revenue from a single country is not greater than 10% of total consolidated revenue. The Company has not had any sales in China, Russia or Ukraine.

Significant customers

The Company had significant customers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. A significant customer is defined as one that comprises up to ten percent or more of total revenues in a particular year or ten percent of outstanding accounts receivable balance as of the year end.

The tables below present the significant customers on a percentage of total revenue basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Customer A	13	%	15	%
Customer B	9	%	11	%
Customer C	—	%	10	%
Customer D	12	%	—	%
Customer E	12	%	—	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Customer A	2	%	13	%
Customer B	12	%	13	%
Customer C	12	%	—	%

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were three and two significant customers that comprised ten percent or more of outstanding accounts receivable balances, respectively.

All revenues derived from major customers above are located in the United States, Germany and other European countries during the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and the United States and Germany during the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2022.

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Contract balances

The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets:
Trade accounts receivable, excluding unbilled receivables	$	395	$	757
Unbilled receivables1	368		58
Total contract assets	$	763	$	815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	$	2,177	$	1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	92		9
Customer deposit2	45		45
Total contract liabilities	$	2,314	$	1,835

1 As of December 31, 2022, there was an immaterial amount of unbilled receivables classified as prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

2Customer deposit is included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The allowance for doubtful accounts balance was nil as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,790
Deferral of revenue	4,353
Recognition of deferred revenue	(3,874)
Balance at end of period	$	2,269

Total deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 was $$1.8 million, of which $1.7 million was recognized as revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Remaining performance obligations

A significant number of the Company’s product and service sales are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

As of September 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts was $4.4 million. This amount included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 84% is expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.

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5.    Balance sheet details

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$	—	$	2,459
Accrued professional services	2,642		1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	3,707		1,641
Other accruals	993		233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	722		451
Customer deposit	45		45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,390		1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Promissory note, related party)	105		420
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	9,604	$	8,640

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$	377	$	391
Prepaid software	563		559
Prepaid rent	182		96
Prepaid commissions	87		268
Prepaid insurance	338		697
Other	142		89
Other current assets:
Receivable research incentives	128		264
Security deposits	17		36
Directors and officers insurance	36		1,449
Unbilled receivables	—		58
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,870	$	3,907

6.    Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quantum computer systems	$	13,711	$	13,714
Lab equipment	6,838		6,666
Computer equipment	3,614		3,545
Leasehold improvements	1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures	372		319
Construction-in-progress	119		86
Total property and equipment	25,729		25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,850)		(23,111)
Total Property and equipment, net	$	1,879	$	2,294

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Depreciation expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The Company has not acquired any property and equipment under capital leases.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets, consisting of property and plant, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, amounting to $10.4 million and $11.4 million, respectively, are located in North America, principally in Canada.

7.    Loans payable

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 loans payable consisted of the refundable government loans. The following table shows the component of loans payable (in thousands):

	Interest Rate	September 30,			December 31,
Loans payable, current:		2023			2022
Term Loan 1	11.00%	$	29,800	16	$	—
TPC Loan, due 2024	Interest free	206			206
Financing of directors and officers insurance, due 2023	4.24%	—			1,449
Other loans payable, current, due 2023	Interest free	—			16
Total loans payable, current		$	30,006		$	1,671
Loans payable, noncurrent:
SIF Loan 1	Interest free	$	8,834		$	7,293
TPC Loan, due 2025	Interest free	274			518
Total loans payable, noncurrent		$	9,108		$	7,811

1 Refer below for additional information on the repayment period.

SIF Loan

On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement (the "SIF Loan") with the Strategic Innovation Fund ("SIF"), whereby SIF agreed to make a repayable contribution to the Company of up to C$40.0 million (the "Contribution”). Funds from the SIF Loan are to be used for projects involving the adaption of research findings for commercial applications that have the potential for market disruption; development of current product and services through the implementation of new or incremental technology that will enhance the Company’s competitive capability; and development of process improvements which reduce the environmental footprint of current production through the use of new or improved technologies.

The annual repayment of the Contribution is calculated based upon a formula using the Company’s fiscal year revenue multiplied by a repayment rate. The contractual repayment period is 15 years and commences in the first year in which the Company reports annual revenue of $70.0 million (the “Benchmark Year”). In each of those years, an annual repayment amount is due. Each annual repayment must be paid by April 30 of the year following the year for which the annual repayment due will be calculated. If the Benchmark Year is not achieved within 14 years following the fiscal year in which the project is completed, the SIF Loan is forgiven. The SIF Loan is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently at amortized cost. As the Contribution is interest free, the difference between the carrying value and initial fair value is recorded as government assistance on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

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The initial fair value of the SIF Loan is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis for the loan, which requires a number of assumptions. The significant assumptions used in determining the discounted cash flows include estimating the amount and timing of future revenue for the Company and the appropriate discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rates, the Company considered the weighted average cost of capital for the Company, risk adjusted based on the development risks of the Company’s product. Management used a discount rate of 26% to discount the SIF Loan. Should projected revenue not be achieved as predicted, the adjustment to the fair value of the SIF Loan could be material. On September 19, 2023, the Company received an additional SIF tranche in the amount of $1.5 million (C$2.0 million) and recognized a $1.1 million discount on the tranche as government assistance on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. At September 30, 2023, the carrying value of the loan approximates its fair value. The nominal amount of the SIF Loan is $28.0 million (C$38.0 million) as of September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $0.4 million in interest expense and $0.2 million in foreign currency gains related to the SIF Loan. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $1.1 million in interest expense and $0.1 million in foreign currency gains related to the SIF Loan.

Repayments of the SIF contributions could also be triggered upon default of the agreement, or termination of the agreement, or upon a change of control that has not been approved by the Canadian government. The Canadian government approved the transaction with DPCM conditionally on May 9, 2022, with all conditions being satisfied on the closing date of the Merger.

Term Loan

On April 13, 2023, the Company entered into the Term Loan with PSPIB. Under the Term Loan, term loans in aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million are to be made available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions.

The Term Loan matures on March 31, 2027, is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of the Company's assets and contains certain operational and financial covenants, including a financial covenant that measures the Company's revenue against certain minimum percentages of budgeted revenue per quarter. The Term Loan is subject to a 2% drawdown fee and requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan. Such repayments are subject to a premium payment equal to 10.0% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender, in addition to the regular prepayment premium applicable on that date, except as modified by the amendment to the Term Loan as discussed below. The Term Loan is subject to a prepayment premium due to the Lender equal to 3% of the amount prepaid/repaid within the first year of the Closing Date, 2% in the second year, 1% in the third year and no prepayment premium thereafter. At the Company's discretion, the Term Loan bears interest on a monthly basis at either (i) 10.0% payable in cash, or (ii) 11.0% payable in kind ('PIK'), with the latter added to the principal value of the Term Loan. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company recognized $0.8 million and $1.2 million in PIK interest expense related to the Term Loan, respectively.

Prior to PSPIB's advance of the first tranche, the Company satisfied several closing conditions including the provision of a cash flow forecast and the board of directors' retention of an advisor. The first and second tranche of the Term Loan, each in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million, were advanced to D-Wave on April 14, 2023 and July 13, 2023, with the third tranche of $20.0 million to be made automatically available to the Company subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company has recorded debt issuance cost of $2.1 million as other expense in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. PSPIB has agreed to waive certain covenants under the Term Loan that the Company did not meet, including the minimum revenue financial covenant for the fiscal quarters ended June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023. As a result of not meeting the minimum revenue covenant, as of September 30, 2023 the Company assessed its ability to meet such covenant over the next 12 months in accordance with ASC Topic 470, "Debt" and determined that the Term Loan may be callable over this period. Therefore the Term Loan was classified as a current liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023. There can be no assurance that PSPIB will agree to waive the minimum revenue or other covenants under the Term Loan in the future.

The availability of the third tranche is subject to the Company closing a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, the intellectual property valuation report submitted as a condition precedent to the second tranche remaining satisfactory to the Lender and providing a board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 by August 31, 2023 that is satisfactory to the Lender. The deadline to provide the operating budget was extended to December 31, 2023 from August 31, 2023 by the fourth amendment to the Term Loan dated October 6, 2023. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the third tranche.

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The Term Loan was amended such that the Company may issue up to $50.0 million under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement without the requirement to pay down the Term Loan to the extent that the proceeds under the Purchase Agreement are received prior to December 31 , 2023. As amended, the Term Loan requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement in excess of $50.0 million shall be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan in addition to a premium payment equal to 10% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender.

8.    Warrant liabilities

Public and Private Warrants

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company assumed 10,000,000 DPCM public warrants and 8,000,000 DPCM private warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, no DPCM public or private warrants were exercised.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company has 17,916,606 Warrants outstanding. As part of the Merger, as described in Note 3 - Merger, each DPCM Public Warrant and Private Warrant that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger was automatically and irrevocably converted into one D-Wave Quantum warrant. The Warrants are subject to the terms and conditions of the warrant agreement entered into between DPCM, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (the “Warrant Agreement Amendment” as specified in the Transaction Agreement).

Each such Warrant will be exercisable at an exercise price of $11.50 for 1.4541326 Common Shares, or an approximate exercise price per Common Share of $7.91, subject to adjustments. The Warrants may be exercised for a whole number of shares of the Company. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Warrants. The Warrants will expire on August 5, 2027, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants except that the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

    • in whole and not in part;

    • at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Common Share;

    • if, and only if, the last reported sales price of the shares of the Common Shares for any twenty (20) trading days within the thirty (30) trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which a notice of redemption is given equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like) (the "Reference Value");

    • if the Reference Value is less than $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like), the Private Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above; and

    • if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given, or an exemption from registration is available.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the Warrant Agreement Amendment. The exercise price and number of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or

23

consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of the Common Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.

D-Wave Systems Warrant Transaction Agreements

In November 2020, contemporaneously with a revenue arrangement, D-Wave Systems entered into a contract pursuant to which D-Wave Systems agreed to cancel a previously issued warrant with a customer and replace it with a warrant to acquire up to 3,247,637 shares of its Class A Preferred Shares (the “Warrant Preferred Shares”), subject to certain vesting requirements. The warrant agreement was amended on August 5, 2022, contemporaneously with the closing of the Merger, to convert the Warrant Preferred Shares to a warrant to acquire up to 2,889,282 Common Shares of the Company in accordance with the Conversion Ratio (as defined below). The agreement was terminated November 28, 2022 and as a result, any unvested Warrant Preferred Shares will not vest and become exercisable. As of the termination date of November 28, 2022, approximately 40% of the warrants to acquire up to 2,889,282 Common Shares had vested, resulting in 1,155,713 Common Shares available to be issued after the termination date. The vested warrants will remain exercisable for up to 1,155,713 Common Shares at an exercise price of $2.16 per Common Share until November 29, 2026.

9.    Related party

Promissory notes

In 2022, DPCM and one of its affiliates entered into two unsecured promissory notes of up to $1.0 million each with the Sponsor (the "DPCM Notes"). The purpose of the DPCM Notes was to provide DPCM with additional working capital. All amounts drawn on the DPCM Notes were provided directly to DPCM. The DPCM Notes are not convertible and bear no interest. The principal balance of the DPCM Notes was originally due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which DPCM consummates its initial business combination, or the date that the winding up of DPCM is effective. A total of $0.4 million has been drawn on the DPCM Notes, of which $0.1 million remains outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

In connection with the Merger, the DPCM Notes were assumed by the Company and were amended and restated effective December 31, 2022. The amended and restated notes have identical terms as the DPCM Notes except that the Company must pay the principal balance in equal installments on December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023.

In February 2023, these DPCM Notes were further amended and restated such that the Company must pay the principal balance in four equal installments on each of April 30, 2023, June 30, 2023, August 31, 2023, and October 31, 2023. Only the installment due on October 31, 2023 remains unpaid as of September 30, 2023.

The execution of the amended and restated DPCM Notes are related party transactions as these notes are payable to affiliates of the Company.

Short swing profit settlement

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $0.2 million related to the short swing profit settlement remitted by a shareholder of the Company under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company recognized the proceeds as an increase to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023, and in the condensed consolidated statements of stockholder's (deficit) equity, as well as in cash provided by financial activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

10.    Stock-based compensation

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation is associated with stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP").

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Common stock option activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

	Number of options outstanding	Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	15,387,546	$	1.76	7.12	$	8,763
Granted	—	—		—	—
Exercised	(2,329,067)	0.81		—	144
Forfeited	(1,019,743)	3.57		—	—
Expired	(388,956)	2.36		—	—
Balance as of September 30, 2023	11,649,780	$	1.66	7.32	$	1,618
Options exercisable as of September 30, 2023	9,809,565	$	1.24	7.13	$	1,438
Options unvested as of September 30, 2023	1,840,072	$	3.89	8.35	$	180

As of September 30, 2023, out of the total 11,649,780 options that have been issued and are currently outstanding, 10,587,799 options were originally granted under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan"). These options will be converted applying the conversion ratio of 0.889657 (the "Conversion Ratio") into 9,419,509 Common Shares upon exercise.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options was calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the estimated fair value of the Common Shares for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Common Shares.

As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants was approximately $5.6 million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.81 years.

The total fair values of the stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $3.1 million and $3.1 million respectively.

Restricted stock unit awards

RSUs granted to employees under D-Wave's 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2022 Plan") generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date, and then 6.25% each quarter subsequent to the first anniversary for twelve quarters. RSUs granted to members of the Board of Directors are subject to a service condition, and generally will be fully vested on the date of the Company's 2024 annual shareholder meeting.

The following table summarizes the RSU activity and related information under the 2022 Plan:

	Number of Outstanding	Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	8,143,304	$	5.69
Granted	4,423,933	0.89
Forfeited	(1,446,883)	4.63
Vested	(167,605)	4.02
Unvested as of September 30, 2023	10,952,749	$	3.93
Expected to vest as of September 30, 2023	10,436,290	$	3.97

As of September 30, 2023, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the RSUs was $24.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.38 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2022, the Company established the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 226,453 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP.

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Stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	353	$	45
Research and development	2,347		360
General and administrative	2,913		644
Sales and marketing	271		732
Total stock-based compensation	$	5,884	$	1,781

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	963	$	80
Research and development	6,771		536
General and administrative	8,849		1,948
Sales and marketing	779		791
Total stock-based compensation	$	17,362	$	3,355

11.    Commitments and contingencies

Leases

The Company primarily enters into leases for office space that are classified as operating leases. During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023,and 2022, total operating lease costs were $1.1 million.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business and may be subject to third-party infringement claims.

In the normal course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify third parties with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or covenants, other third-party claims that the Company’s products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under these indemnification obligations due to the Company’s limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was not subject to any material litigation or pending litigation claims.

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12.    Net loss per share

As a result of the Merger (see Note 3), for the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company has retroactively adjusted the weighted average shares outstanding prior to August 5, 2022 to give effect to the Conversion Ratio used to determine the number of Common Shares into which they were converted.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(15,829)	$	(13,311)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	133,222,318		116,256,805
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(0.11)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(66,335)	$	(38,740)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	131,373,959		122,337,727
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.50)	$	(0.32)

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s potentially dilutive securities were stock options, the Warrant Shares, and the Public Warrants and Private Warrants.

Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Potentially dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Public Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	14,420,064	14,426,301
Private Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	11,633,061	11,633,060
D-Wave Systems Warrant Shares as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	1,155,713	2,889,282
Options to purchase common stock as converted to Common Shares1	9,419,509	13,532,543
Options to purchase Common Shares under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan	1,061,981	1,500,081
Unvested restricted stock unit awards	10,952,749	—
Total	48,643,077	43,981,267

1 Stock options granted under the 2020 Plan will be converted applying the Conversion Ratio to the underlying common stock at the exercise date.

13.    Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Report, and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the following:

On October 20, 2023, the Company was notified by the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) that it is not in compliance with Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of the Company’s Common Stock was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. The notice does not result in the

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immediate delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE. On October 24, 2023, the Company notified the NYSE that it intends to cure the stock price deficiency and to return to compliance with the NYSE continued listing standard. The Company can regain compliance at any time within the six-month period following receipt of the NYSE notice if on the last trading day of any calendar month during the cure period the Company has a closing share price of at least $1.00 and an average closing share price of at least $1.00 over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that month. Under the NYSE’s rules, if the Company determines that, if necessary, it will cure the stock price deficiency by taking an action that will require stockholder approval, it must so inform the NYSE in the above referenced notification and the price condition will be deemed cured if the price promptly exceeds $1.00 per share, and the price remains above that level for at least the following 30 trading days. The Company intends to consider available alternatives, including but not limited to a reverse stock split, that are subject to shareholder approval. The Company’s common stock will continue to be listed and trade on the NYSE during this period, subject to the Company’s compliance with other NYSE continued listing standards.

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion is intended to assist you in understanding our present business and the results of operations together with our present financial condition. This section should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes contained in Part I, Item I of this Report, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2023. In this section, unless otherwise specified, the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, D-Wave" or the "Company" refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc. and its subsidiaries following the closing of the Merger on August 5, 2022 (the "Closing") while "D-Wave Systems" refers to D-Wave Systems Inc. prior to the Closing. All other capitalized terms have the meanings ascribed thereto elsewhere in this Report. All dollar amounts are expressed in thousands of United States dollars (“$”), unless otherwise indicated.

Overview

We are a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and web-based access to our superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through our cloud service, LeapTM. Historically, we have developed our own annealing superconducting quantum computer and associated software, and our current generation quantum system is the AdvantageTM system. We are a leader in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems, software and services, and we are the world’s first commercial supplier of quantum computers. Our business model is focused primarily on generating revenue from providing customers access to our quantum computing systems via the cloud in the form of Quantum Computing as a Service ("QCaaS") products, and from providing professional services wherein we assist our customers in identifying and implementing quantum computing applications.

During the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recognized revenue from our cloud and professional services of $2.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively. We have incurred significant operating losses since inception. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, our net loss was $66.3 million and $38.7 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in various research and development programs and go-to-market initiatives. As of September 30, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $443.1 million.

Macroeconomic Environment

Unfavorable conditions in the economy in the United States, Canada and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, financial and credit market fluctuations, banking collapses and related uncertainty, international trade relations, political turmoil, natural catastrophes, outbreaks of contagious diseases, warfare and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe or elsewhere, including military actions affecting Russia, Ukraine, Israel, Palestine or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments on our products and negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations.

Key Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We primarily generate our revenue through subscription sales to access our QCaaS cloud platform and professional services that assist our customers in identifying and implementing applications that leverage our QCaaS cloud platform. QCaaS revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term, which generally ranges from one month to two years. Professional services revenue is primarily recognized based on a percentage of completion basis as services are being delivered.

We expect that there will be a decrease in our cloud based recurring QCaaS revenue as a percentage of total revenue in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to increased demand for professional services engagements. In subsequent periods, we expect that the general trend will be for QCaaS revenue as a percentage of total revenue to increase due to an increasing number of QCaaS agreements being driven by the completion of professional services engagements yielding production applications that require QCaaS services, as well as by customers that choose to access our Leap cloud service without utilizing our professional services organization.

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue consists of expenses related to providing our QCaaS offering and delivering our professional services, specifically personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, and costs associated with

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maintaining the cloud platform on which the QCaaS resides. The cost of revenue also includes depreciation and amortization related to our quantum computing systems and related software.

We expect our total cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods, corresponding to our anticipated growth in professional services revenue and related headcount as well to support our customers and to maintain the QCaaS cloud offering. Because the costs of delivering our QCaaS cloud offering are less than the costs for our professional services, we anticipate that an increase of QCaaS revenue will increase our gross margin in the longer term.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development, general and administrative, and sales and marketing expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel, fabrication costs, consulting and engineering services, lab supplies, and cloud computing resources and allocated facility costs for our research and development functions. Unlike a standard computer, design and development efforts continue throughout the useful life of our quantum computing systems to ensure proper calibration and optimal functionality. Research and development expenses also include purchased hardware components, fabrication and software costs related to quantum computing systems constructed for research purposes that do not have a high probability of providing near-term future economic benefits, and may have no alternate future use. We currently do not capitalize any research and development expenses. We expect to continue to make substantial investments in our research and development capabilities.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel and outside professional services expenses including legal, audit and accounting services, insurance, other administrative expenses and allocated facility costs for our administrative functions. We expect to continue to invest in our general and administrative components, in particular in comprehensive compliance and governance functions, increased IT security and compliance, and enhanced internal controls over financial reporting.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel, direct advertising, marketing and promotional material costs, sales commission expense, consulting fees and allocated facility costs for our sales and marketing functions. We intend to continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization to drive additional revenue, expand our global customer base, and broaden our brand awareness. We generally expect our sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we invest in various go-to-market initiatives.

Other income (expense), net

Other income (expense), net is primarily comprised of change in fair value of warrant liabilities and debt, debt issuance costs, interest expense and foreign currency gains or losses.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated:

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	Three Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695
Cost of revenue	1,033		654
Total gross profit	1,529		1,041
Operating expenses:
Research and development	9,459		7,507
General and administrative	8,003		5,925
Sales and marketing	2,474		2,773
Total operating expenses	19,936		16,205
Loss from operations	(18,407)		(15,164)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(1,247)		(1,069)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	1,433		2,603
Government assistance	1,051		—
Change in fair value of Term Loan	1,701		—
Term Loan debt issuance costs	(725)		—
Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement issuance costs	—		(629)
Other income (expense), net	365		948
Total other income (expense), net	2,578		1,853
Net loss	$	(15,829)	$	(13,311)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	15		56
Comprehensive loss	$	(15,814)	$	(13,255)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778
Cost of revenue	3,197		1,858
Total gross profit	2,655		2,920
Operating expenses:
Research and development	29,922		21,799
General and administrative	28,875		13,566
Sales and marketing	7,862		5,982
Total operating expenses	66,659		41,347
Loss from operations	(64,004)		(38,427)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(2,482)		(3,588)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	(79)		2,603
Government assistance	1,051		—
Change in fair value of Term Loan	1,356		—
Term Loan debt issuance costs	(2,118)		—
Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement issuance costs	—		(629)
Other income (expense), net	(59)		1,301
Total other income (expense), net	(2,331)		(313)
Net loss	$	(66,335)	$	(38,740)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(70)		18
Comprehensive loss	$	(66,405)	$	(38,722)

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Revenue increased $0.9 million, or 51%, to $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by an increase in delivery of professional services that enable our customers to identify and implement applications that leverage our QCaaS cloud platform, partly offset by lower QCaaS revenue due to non-renewal for several customer contracts that were partially replaced with new customer contracts.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased $0.4 million, or 58%, to $1.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $0.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in cost of revenue was driven primarily by an increase in personnel related costs, including $0.3 million related to stock-based compensation expense.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Research and development	$	9,459	$	7,507	$	1,952	26	%

Research and development expenses increased by $2.0 million, or 26% to $9.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of our continuous efforts to broaden the functionality of our QCaaS cloud platform and improve the reliability, availability and scalability of our cloud platform. In particular, our personnel-related expenses increased $2.2 million (including $2.0 million related to stock-based compensation expense). These increases were offset by decreases in facilities costs of $0.1 million and a reduction in professional fees of $0.1 million.

General and Administrative Expenses

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
General and administrative	$	8,003	$	5,925	$	2,078	35	%

General and administrative expenses increased $2.1 million, or 35%, to $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $5.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. Our personnel-related expenses increased $2.5 million (including $2.3 million related to stock-based compensation expense), partly offset by a $1.0 million decrease in legal, audit, and other professional fees resulting from the Merger occurring in the comparable period.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Sales and marketing	$	2,474	$	2,773	$	(299)	(11)	%

Sales and marketing expenses decreased $0.3 million, or 11%, to $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily a result of decreased promotional expenses of $0.3 million and professional fees of $0.1 million, offset by increased personnel costs of $0.1 million.

Other Income (Expense), net

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Other income (expense), net	$	2,578	$	1,853	$	725	39	%

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Other income, net increased by $0.7 million or 39%, to $2.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, with the increases comprised of changes in fair value of warrant liabilities of $1.4 million, benefits from government assistance of $1.1 million and change in fair value of Term Loan of $1.7 million. The increases were partly offset by higher interest expense of $1.2 million due to a higher debt balance and debt issuance costs of $0.7 million.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Revenue increased $1.1 million, or 22%, to $5.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in revenue was primarily driven by an increase in delivery of professional services that enable our customers to identify and implement applications that leverage our QCaaS cloud platform, partly offset by lower QCaaS revenue due to non-renewal for several customer contracts that were partially replaced with new customer contracts.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased $1.3 million, or 72%, to $3.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in cost of revenue was primarily driven by an increase in personnel related costs, including $0.9 million in stock-based compensation costs.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Research and development	$	29,922	$	21,799	$	8,123	37	%

Research and development expenses increased by $8.1 million, or 37%, to $29.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $21.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of our continuous efforts to broaden the functionality of our QCaaS cloud platform and improve the reliability, availability and scalability of our cloud platform. In particular, our personnel-related expenses increased $6.5 million (including $6.2 million related to stock-based compensation expense), and our wafer fabrication costs increased $0.9 million due to higher activity rates.

General and Administrative Expenses

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%
General and administrative	$	28,875	$	13,566	$	15,309	113	%

General and administrative expenses increased $15.3 million, or 113%, to $28.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $13.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of operating as a public company. In particular, our legal, accounting, tax and consulting fees increased $4.4 million, our personnel-related expenses increased $8.6 million (including $6.9 million related to stock-based compensation expense), and insurance costs increased $1.4 million.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Sales and marketing	$	7,862	$	5,982	$	1,880	31	%

Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.9 million, or 31%, to $7.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of our efforts to expand our go-to-market initiatives. The increase was comprised of higher personnel-related expenses of $1.4 million, mainly attributed to salary and commission increases, promotional costs of $0.1 million and consulting of $0.2 million.

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Other Income (Expense), net

	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		%
Other income (expense), net	$	(2,331)	$	(313)	$	(2,018)	645	%

Other expense, net increased by $2.0 million or 645%, to $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to $0.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increases were driven by $1.5 million in increased debt and equity issuance costs, $2.6 million in unfavorable changes in the fair value of warrant liabilities, and a $1.4 million reduction in unrealized foreign exchange gains. These increases were partly offset by $1.1 million in government assistance related to the SIF loan, $1.4 million in favorable changes in fair value of the Term Loan, and a $1.1 million reduction in interest expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred net losses and experienced negative cash flows from operations since inception. To date, our primary sources of capital have been through private placements of convertible preferred shares, private placements of common stock, revenue from the sale of our products and services, government assistance and debt financing. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred net losses of $66.3 million and $38.7 million, respectively. We expect to incur additional losses and higher operating expenses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in research and development and go-to-market programs. We have determined that additional financing will be required to fund our operations for the next 12 months and our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining additional capital and financing.

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations as we continue to grow our business. We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in expanding our commercial organization, as well as ongoing research and development and business operations. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our QCaaS offering and our professional services, we expect to finance our cash needs through public and/or private equity (including sales pursuant to the Purchase Agreement) and/or debt financings or other capital sources. However, we may be unable to raise sufficient funds or enter into such other arrangements, when needed, on favorable terms, or at all. In particular, uncertain and unfavorable conditions in the United States and global macroeconomic environment, including inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, banking collapses, and financial and credit market fluctuations, could reduce our ability to access capital on favorable terms, or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be, or could be, diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development and go-to-market efforts.

As of September 30, 2023, we have 17,916,606 Warrants outstanding, each Warrant being exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares of the Company at an exercise price of $11.50. Whether warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds we would receive upon exercise, is dependent upon the trading price of the Common Shares. Therefore, if and when the trading price of the Common Shares is less than approximately $7.91, the effective exercise price of the Warrants per one Common Share we expect that warrant holders will not exercise their Warrants. Our Common Shares have closed below $7.91 since October 11, 2022. Therefore, we do not expect warrant holders to exercise their Warrants in the short-term and as such we do not expect to rely on the cash exercise of Warrants to fund our operations. Instead, we intend to rely on other sources of cash discussed below to continue to fund our operations. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we will be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development and go-to-market efforts.

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Term Loan and Security Agreement

On April 13, 2023, we entered into the Term Loan, by and between us and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. (the "Lender" or "PSPIB") as the lender. Under the Term Loan, loans in aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million are to be made available to us in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions and a 2.0% drawdown fee. The Term Loan matures on March 31, 2027 and is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of our assets and contains certain operational and financial covenants, including a financial covenant that measures our revenue against certain minimum percentages of budgeted revenue per quarter. The Term Loan requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan in addition to a premium payment equal to 10.0% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender, except as modified by the amendment to the Term Loan as described below. The Term Loan is subject to a prepayment premium due to the Lender equal to 3% of the amount prepaid/repaid within the first year of the Closing Date, 2% in the second year, 1% in the third year and no prepayment premium thereafter. At our discretion, the Term Loan bears interest on a monthly basis at either (i) 10.0% payable in cash, or (ii) 11.0% payable in kind (PIK), with the latter added to the principal value of the Term Loan.

The first two tranches of the Term Loan, each amounting to $15.0 million in principal, were advanced to us on April 14, 2023 and July 13, 2023, respectively, with the third tranche of $20.0 million to be made automatically available subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. Prior to PSPIB's advance of the first tranche, the Company satisfied several closing conditions including the provision of a cash flow forecast and the board of directors' retention of an advisor. The Lender agreed to modify certain conditions to the funding of the second tranche of the Term Loan, including delaying the delivery of a board-approved operating budget and plan for the Company’s fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to August 31, 2023 (later extended to December 31, 2023); modifying the condition that, prior to the funding of the second tranche, the Company shall have nominated an additional director that is either an employee of PSPIB or an independent director selected from PSPIB nominees to require such appointment at a later time at PSPIB’s option; and modifying notice deadline requirements for the registration or filings of intellectual property. PSPIB has also agreed to waive certain covenants under the Term Loan that the Company did not meet, including the minimum revenue financial covenant for the second and third fiscal quarters ended June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The second tranche was advanced to us after we satisfied several closing conditions, including providing the Lender with an intellectual property valuation report and SIF’s consent to the grant of security interests in D-Wave's project intellectual property associated with the SIF Loan. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the third tranche or will be able to comply with the covenants of the Term Loan, or that PSPIB will agree to waive covenants under the Term Loan in the future. The availability of the third tranche is subject to us closing a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, the intellectual property valuation report submitted as a condition precedent to the second tranche remaining satisfactory to the Lender and providing a board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 by December 31, 2023 that is satisfactory to the Lender.

The Term Loan was amended on July 20, 2023 such that the Company may issue up to $50.0 million under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement described below without the requirement to pay down the Term Loan to the extent that the proceeds under the Purchase Agreement are received prior to October 18, 2023. As amended, the Term Loan requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement in excess of $50.0 million shall be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan in addition to a premium payment equal to 10% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender.

On October 6, 2023 the Company entered into the fourth amendment to the Term Loan. Under the amendment, the deadline for the Company to deliver to PSPIB a board-approved operating budget and plan for the Company's fiscal years 2023 through 2027 was extended to December 31, 2023. In addition, the amendment extended the period for which no prepayment of the advances under the Term Loan is required with respect to aggregate gross proceeds of up to $50.0 million the Company receives pursuant to share issuances under the Purchase Agreement to the extent proceeds are received prior to December 31, 2023.

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Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement

The Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park may provide the Company with additional liquidity to fund the business, subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement, including volume limitations tied to periodic market prices, ownership limitations restricting Lincoln Park from owning more than 9.9% of the then total outstanding Common Shares and a floor price of $1.00 at which the Company may not sell to Lincoln Park any Common Shares. When we sell shares to Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park may resell all, some, or none of those Common Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company has received $61.3 million in proceeds through the issuance of 39,487,104 Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. In order for the Company to issue Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement, the Company's share price must be above the floor price of $1.00 per share. Since October 11, 2023, the price of our Common Shares has closed below the $1.00 floor price. We may not sell any Common Shares to Lincoln Park unless and until the price of our Common Shares subsequently exceeds the $1.00 floor price. There is no assurance that the price of our Common Shares will exceed $1.00, which will affect our ability to generate proceeds under the Purchase Agreement.

To the extent that sufficient capital is not obtained through the cash received in connection with the Term Loan and the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the issuance of additional debt and/or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that D-Wave will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms, especially if D-Wave fails to maintain the listing of its Common Shares on the NYSE.. The issuance of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to the currently outstanding Common Shares. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit D-Wave’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders.

Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors" in this Report.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating Activities	$	(45,910)	$	(34,339)
Investing Activities	(176)		(316)
Financing Activities	92,408		38,967
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(70)		(31)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	46,252	$	4,281

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by the growth of our business, and are primarily related to research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative activities. Our operating cash flows are also affected by our working capital needs to support growth in personnel-related expenditures and fluctuations in accounts payable, accounts receivable and other current assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $45.9 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $66.3 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.4 million in depreciation and amortization, including amortization of operating right of use assets, $17.4 million in stock-based compensation, $0.1 million in change in fair value of public and private warrants, $1.1 million benefit from the SIF Loan, $2.4 million in non-cash interest and $0.6 million in working capital adjustments.

Net cash used in operating activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $34.3 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $38.7 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $1.5 million in depreciation and amortization including amortization of operating right of use assets, $3.4 million in stock-based compensation, $1.6 million in non-cash interest on government loans, $0.3 million in other non-cash activities and $1.0 million in working capital adjustments.

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Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.2 million, primarily representing additions of $0.1 million in property and equipment.

Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.3 million, primarily representing additions of $0.2 million in property and equipment.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $92.4 million, primarily reflecting proceeds from the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement of $61.3 million, net proceeds from the first and second tranches of the Term Loan of $29.0 million, proceeds from government assistance of $1.5 million and stock option exercise proceeds of $1.9 million, partially offset by payments for financed Directors and Officers Insurance premiums of $1.4 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $39.0 million, primarily reflecting net proceeds received from the Venture Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of March 3, 2022, between D-Wave and its subsidiaries and PSPIB, as lender, for $19.9 million, and net proceeds received from the SIF Loan for $3.1 million.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of September 30, 2023, there have been no material changes with regard to contractual obligations from those disclosed in our "Management's Discussion and Analysis on Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable to Smaller Reporting Companies.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In accordance with the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, due to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting specifically related to D-Wave’s control environment in relation to our financial statement close process (i.e., lack of sufficient accounting and financial reporting personnel with requisite knowledge and experience in the application of complex areas of GAAP and SEC rules to facilitate accurate and timely financial reporting and to perform sufficient review over certain financial statement areas), as previously disclosed in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

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Notwithstanding the material weakness described above, we have concluded that our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the periods presented therein.

Remediation Efforts on Previously Reported Material Weakness

We are implementing measures designed to improve our internal controls over financial reporting to remediate this material weakness including adding additional qualified accounting personnel with experience with complex GAAP and SEC rules, engaging consultants to assist with the financial statement close process, and segregating duties among accounting personnel to enable adequate review controls. The primary costs associated with such measures are corresponding recruiting and additional salary and consulting costs, which are difficult to estimate at this time but which may be significant. These additional resources and procedures are intended to enable us to broaden the scope and quality of our internal review of underlying information related to financial reporting and to formalize and enhance our internal control procedures.

The material weakness will not be considered remediated until our remediation plan has been fully implemented, the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded, through testing, that the newly implemented and enhanced controls are operating effectively. We are continuing to work on the implementation of our remediation plan, following which we will continue to test such controls over time.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the ongoing remediation to address the material weakness described above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act), during the three months ended September 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

To the knowledge of our management, there is no litigation currently pending or contemplated against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings relating to claims arising from the ordinary course of business. Our management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on April 18, 2023, with the exception of the risk factor discussed below.

If we are unable for any reason to meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE, such action or inaction could result in a delisting of our securities.

On October 20, 2023, we were notified by the NYSE that we are not in compliance with Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of our Common Shares was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. The notice had no immediate impact on the listing of our Common Shares, which will continue to be listed and traded on the NYSE during the period allowed to regain compliance, subject to our compliance with other listing standards. On October 24, 2023, we notified the NYSE that we intend to cure the stock price deficiency and to return to compliance with the NYSE continued listing standard. We can regain compliance at any time within the six-month period following receipt of the NYSE notice if on the last trading day of any calendar month during the cure period our Common Shares have a closing share price of at least $1.00 and an average closing share price of at least $1.00 over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that month. Under the NYSE’s rules, if we determine that we will cure the stock price deficiency by taking an action that will require stockholder approval at our next annual meeting of stockholders, the price condition will be deemed cured if the price promptly exceeds $1.00 per share, and the price remains above that level for at least the following 30 trading days.

The delisting of our Common Shares from the NYSE will likely make it more difficult for us to raise capital on favorable terms in the future. Such a delisting would likely have a negative effect on the price of our securities and would impair your ability to sell or purchase our securities when you wish to do so. In the event of a delisting, actions taken by us to restore compliance with listing requirements may not allow our securities to become listed again, stabilize the market price or improve the liquidity of our securities, prevent such securities from dropping below any minimum bid price requirement or prevent future non-compliance with the NYSE listing requirements.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

On November 7, 2023, after nearly 9 years at D-Wave, Victoria Brydon, Chief People Officer, provided her resignation letter and will be leaving the Company as of December 13, 2023.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description	Incorporated by Reference Exhibits
		Filer	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.1	Limited Waiver and Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of July 13, 2023, by and among PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. and D-Wave Quantum Inc.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	8-K	10.1	July 20, 2023
10.2	Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of July 20, 2023, by and among PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. and D-Wave Quantum Inc.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	8-K	10.1	July 21, 2023
10.3	Limited Waiver to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2023, by and between D-Wave Quantum Inc. and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	10-Q	10.7	August 10, 2023
10.4†	Promotion Letter between Diane Nguyen and D-Wave Commercial Inc., dated July 10, 2023.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	10-Q	10.13	August 10, 2023
10.5†	Amendment to Full-Time Employment Agreement, between Victoria Brydon and D-Wave Systems Inc., dated July 10, 2023.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	10-Q	10.14	August 10, 2023
10.6*	Limited Waiver to Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of November 7, 2023, by and between D-Wave Quantum Inc. and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc.
31.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1#*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2#*	Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS *	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document
101.CAL *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

# The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

† Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	D-Wave Quantum Inc.
November 9, 2023	By:	/s/ John M. Markovich
		John M. Markovich
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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EX-10.6

LIMITED WAIVER TO LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT

LIMITED WAIVER TO LOAN AND SECURITY AGREEMENT (this “Waiver”), dated as of November 7, 2023, by and between D-WAVE QUANTUM INC., a Delaware corporation (the “Borrower”), and the Lender (as defined below) party hereto.

WITNESSETH:

WHEREAS, the Borrower, D-Wave Systems Inc., a British Columbia corporation, D-Wave US Inc., a Delaware corporation, D-Wave Government Inc., a Delaware corporation, D-Wave Commercial Inc., a Delaware corporation, D-Wave International Inc., a Canadian corporation, D-Wave Quantum Solutions Inc., a Canadian corporation, Omni Circuit Boards Ltd., a British Columbia corporation, DPCM Capital, Inc., a Delaware corporation, 1372929 B.C. Ltd, a British Columbia corporation, 1372934 B.C. LTD., a British Columbia corporation, DWSI Canada Holdings ULC, a British Columbia corporation, D Wave Quantum Technologies Inc., a British Columbia corporation, and each other Person hereafter joined thereto as a guarantor (collectively or individually, as the context may dictate, the “Guarantors” and together with the Borrower, the “Loan Parties”) and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc., a Canadian corporation, as Collateral and as Lender (the “Lender”), are parties to that certain Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2023 (as amended pursuant to that certain First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of June 16, 2023, that certain Limited Waiver and Second Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of July 13, 2023, that certain Third Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of July 20, 2023, and that certain Fourth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of October 6, 2023 and as further amended, modified, supplemented, renewed, restated or replaced from time to time, the “Existing Loan Agreement”);

WHEREAS, Section 7.16(b)(ii) of the Loan Agreement provides that the Borrower shall not permit or cause the consolidated revenue of the Borrower and its Subsidiaries to be, for the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2023, less than 75% of the consolidated revenue set forth in the Budget delivered for the fiscal quarter ending June 30, 2023 (the “July 2023 Budget”) with respect to the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2023, tested at quarter-end (the “2023 Q3 Permitted Variance Covenant);

WHEREAS, in that certain Fourth Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement dated as of October 6, 2023, the Lender agreed to amend the date of delivery of the July 2023 Budget to December 31, 2023;

WHEREAS, in the absence of the July 2023 Budget, and based on the Borrower’s board-approved operating budget as of the Closing Date, the Borrower will not meet the requirements of the 2023 Q3 Permitted Variance Covenant and Lender has agreed to waive the 2023 Q3 Permitted Variance Covenant, subject to the terms and conditions hereof;

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the covenants and agreements contained herein, as well as other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

1.Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the respective meanings assigned to such terms in the Existing Loan Agreement.

2.Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Lender hereby waives the 2023 Q3 Permitted Variance Covenant.

3.For certainty, the waiver provided in Section 2 hereof is provided solely in respect of the 2023 Q3 Permitted Variance Covenant and no other obligation, requirement or right of the Lender under the Loan Agreement is being waived or affected and all of the terms of the Loan Agreement and all other Loan Documents shall remain in full force and effect. The

2

Lender expressly reserves all rights, powers and discretions which it may have under the Loan Agreement or any other Loan Document.

4.This Waiver constitutes a Loan Document for the purposes of the Loan Agreement.

5.Time is of the essence of this Waiver.

6.This Waiver will enure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective successors and permitted assigns of the parties.

7.This Waiver is governed by and will be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. Section 15 of the Loan Agreement applies to this Waiver (mutatis mutandis).

8.This Waiver may be executed by the parties hereto in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which will constitute together the one and the same agreement.

[Remainder of page intentionally blank.]

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands and seals as of the day and year first above written.

BORROWER:

D-WAVE QUANTUM INC.

By:_____/s/ Alan Baratz_______________

Name:    Alan Baratz

Title:    President & CEO

Signature Page - Waiver

LENDER:

PSPIB UNITAS INVESTMENTS II INC.

By:_____/s/ Adam Smalley__________

Name:    Adam Smalley

Title:    Authorized Signatory

By:_____/s/ Jonathan Ostrzega_______

Name:    Jonathan Ostrzega

Title:    Authorized Signatory

Signature Page - Waiver

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Alan Baratz, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of D-Wave Quantum Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Alan Baratz
		Alan Baratz
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, John M. Markovich, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of D-Wave Quantum Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: November 9, 2023	By:	/s/ John M. Markovich
		John M. Markovich
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of D-Wave Quantum Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Alan Baratz, President & Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 9, 2023	By:	/s/ Alan Baratz
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of D-Wave Quantum Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John M. Markovich, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Dated: November 9, 2023	By:	/s/ John M. Markovich
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Nov. 08, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-41468
Entity Registrant Name	D-WAVE QUANTUM INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-1068854
Entity Address, Address Line One	2650 East Bayshore Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Palo Alto
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	94303
City Area Code	604
Local Phone Number	630-1428
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		113,401,611
Entity Central Index Key	0001907982
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	QBTS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50
Trading Symbol	QBTS.WT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash	$ 53,317	$ 7,065
Trade accounts receivable	763	757
Inventories	2,244	2,196
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,870	3,907
Total current assets	58,194	13,925
Property and equipment, net	1,879	2,294
Operating lease right-of-use assets	8,560	9,133
Intangible assets, net	195	244
Other noncurrent assets	1,351	1,351
Total assets	70,179	26,947
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	1,541	3,756
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	9,604	8,640
Loans payable, current	30,006	1,671
Deferred revenue, current	2,177	1,781
Total current liabilities	43,328	15,848
Warrant liabilities	1,971	1,892
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	6,884	7,301
Loans payable, noncurrent	9,108	7,811
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	92	9
Total liabilities	61,383	32,861
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' (deficit) equity:
Common stock par value $0.0001 per share; 675,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 155,288,763 shares and 113,335,530 shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.	15	11
Additional paid-in capital	462,385	381,274
Accumulated deficit	(443,132)	(376,797)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,472)	(10,402)
Total stockholders' (deficit) equity	8,796	(5,914)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 70,179	$ 26,947

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	675,000,000	675,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	155,288,763	113,335,530
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	155,288,763	113,335,530

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 2,562	$ 1,695	$ 5,852	$ 4,778
Cost of revenue		1,033	654	3,197	1,858
Total gross profit		1,529	1,041	2,655	2,920
Operating expenses:
Research and development		9,459	7,507	29,922	21,799
General and administrative		8,003	5,925	28,875	13,566
Sales and marketing		2,474	2,773	7,862	5,982
Total operating expenses		19,936	16,205	66,659	41,347
Loss from operations		(18,407)	(15,164)	(64,004)	(38,427)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense		(1,247)	(1,069)	(2,482)	(3,588)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		1,433	2,603	(79)	2,603
Government assistance		1,051	0	1,051	0
Change in fair value of Term Loan		1,701	0	1,356	0
Term Loan debt issuance costs		(725)	0	(2,118)	0
Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement issuance costs		0	(629)	0	(629)
Other income (expense), net		365	948	(59)	1,301
Total other income (expense), net		2,578	1,853	(2,331)	(313)
Net loss		$ (15,829)	$ (13,311)	$ (66,335)	$ (38,740)
Net loss per share, basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.12)	$ (0.11)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.32)
Net loss per share, diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.12)	$ (0.11)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.32)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic (in shares)	[1]	133,222,318	116,256,805	131,373,959	122,337,727
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, diluted (in shares)	[1]	133,222,318	116,256,805	131,373,959	122,337,727
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		$ (15,829)	$ (13,311)	$ (66,335)	$ (38,740)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		15	56	(70)	18
Comprehensive loss		$ (15,814)	$ (13,255)	$ (66,405)	$ (38,722)

[1] Weighted-average shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total		ELOC	PIPE	Previously Reported	Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock		Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock Previously Reported	Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Common stock		Common stock ELOC	Common stock PIPE	Common stock Previously Reported	Common stock Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Additional paid-in capital		Additional paid-in capital ELOC	Additional paid-in capital PIPE	Additional paid-in capital Previously Reported	Additional paid-in capital Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Accumulated deficit		Accumulated deficit Previously Reported	Accumulated deficit Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Accumulated other comprehensive loss Previously Reported	Accumulated other comprehensive loss Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment
Preferred stock, balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021							122,564,333	[1]	137,765,828	(15,201,495)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021											2,817,498	[1]			3,166,949	(349,451)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 3,020	[1]			$ 3,020	$ 0	$ 189,881	[1]	$ 189,881	$ 0	$ 0	[1]			$ 2,610	$ (2,610)	$ 148,850	[1]			$ 146,240	$ 2,610	$ (325,268)	[1]	$ (325,268)	$ 0	$ (10,443)	[1]	$ (10,443)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Merger and Business Combination (in shares)							(122,564,333)				96,764,117
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Merger and Business Combination							$ (189,881)				$ 10						189,871
Issuance of common stock (in shares)													381,540	5,816,528
Issuance of common stock			$ 3,271	$ 40,000										$ 1					$ 3,271	$ 39,999
Merger, net of redemptions and transaction costs (in shares)											4,327,512
Merger, net of redemptions and transaction costs	(16,242)																(16,242)
Exercise of warrants (in shares)											115,025
Exercise of warrants	910																910
Exercise of stock options (in shares)											155,137
Exercise of stock options	141																141
Stock-based compensation	3,355																3,355
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	18																										18
Net loss	(38,740)																						(38,740)
Preferred stock, balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022							0
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022											110,377,357
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	(4,267)						$ 0				$ 11						370,155						(364,008)				(10,425)
Preferred stock, balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022							122,564,333		137,765,828	(15,201,495)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2022											2,972,635				3,341,327	(368,692)
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	(20,732)				$ (20,732)	$ 0	$ 189,881		$ 189,881	$ 0	$ 0				$ 2,811	$ (2,811)	150,565				$ 147,754	$ 2,811	(350,697)		$ (350,697)	$ 0	(10,481)		$ (10,481)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Merger and Business Combination (in shares)							(122,564,333)				96,764,117
Issuance of common stock upon conversion of D-Wave Systems preferred stock in connection with the Merger and Business Combination							$ (189,881)				$ 10						189,871
Issuance of common stock (in shares)													381,540	5,816,528
Issuance of common stock			$ 3,271	$ 40,000										$ 1					$ 3,271	$ 39,999
Merger, net of redemptions and transaction costs (in shares)											4,327,512
Merger, net of redemptions and transaction costs	(16,242)																(16,242)
Exercise of warrants (in shares)											115,025
Exercise of warrants	910																910
Stock-based compensation	1,781																1,781
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	56																										56
Net loss	(13,311)																						(13,311)
Preferred stock, balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022							0
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2022											110,377,357
Balance at Sep. 30, 2022	$ (4,267)						$ 0				$ 11						370,155						(364,008)				(10,425)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	113,335,530										113,335,530
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (5,914)										$ 11						381,274						(376,797)				(10,402)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)											39,487,104
Issuance of common stock	$ 61,346										$ 4						61,342
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	2,329,067										2,239,676
Exercise of stock options	$ 1,890																1,890
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ESPP (in shares)											226,453
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ESPP	273																273
Stock-based compensation	17,362																17,362
Short-swing profit settlement	244																244
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(70)																										(70)
Net loss	$ (66,335)																						(66,335)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	155,288,763										155,288,763
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 8,796										$ 15						462,385						(443,132)				(10,472)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Jun. 30, 2023											128,028,658
Balance at Jun. 30, 2023	(27,893)										$ 12						409,885						(427,303)				(10,487)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)											26,247,450
Issuance of common stock	45,663										$ 3						45,660
Exercise of stock options (in shares)											786,202
Exercise of stock options	683																683
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ESPP (in shares)											226,453
Issuance of common stock in connection with the ESPP	273																273
Stock-based compensation	5,884																5,884
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	15																										15
Net loss	$ (15,829)																						(15,829)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Sep. 30, 2023	155,288,763										155,288,763
Balance at Sep. 30, 2023	$ 8,796										$ 15						$ 462,385						$ (443,132)				$ (10,472)

[1] Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (66,335)	$ (38,740)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	828	1,038
Stock-based compensation	17,362	3,355
Amortization of operating right of use assets	573	493
Non-cash interest expense	2,405	1,616
Non-cash final fee payment for Venture Loan	0	1,808
Non-cash Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement issuance costs	0	629
Change in fair value of Warrant liabilities	79	(2,603)
Change in fair value of Term Loan	(1,356)	0
Debt issuance costs netted from Term Loan proceeds	993	0
Government assistance	(1,051)	0
Unrealized foreign exchange loss (gain)	(15)	(1,226)
Other non-cash activities	35	266
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	7	1
Research incentives receivable	0	1,448
Inventories	(235)	(684)
Deferred offering costs	0	1,250
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,035	(3,815)
Trade accounts payable	(2,267)	614
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	965	1,704
Deferred revenue	479	(1,051)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	(412)	(442)
Net cash used in operating activities	(45,910)	(34,339)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(141)	(249)
Purchase of software	(35)	(67)
Net cash used in investing activities	(176)	(316)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Merger, net of redemption and transaction costs (Note 3)	0	4,100
Transaction costs paid directly by D-Wave Systems	0	(6,528)
Proceeds from exercise of public warrants	0	910
Proceeds from promissory note - related party	0	420
Payment on directors and officers financing arrangement	(1,449)	(864)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock in connection with ESPP	273	0
Proceeds from government assistance	1,487	3,124
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	1,890	141
Proceeds from debt financing	29,007	19,870
Debt payments	(390)	(20,000)
Venture Loan interest and final payment fee	0	(1,808)
Government loan payment	0	(398)
Short swing profit settlement	244	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	92,408	38,967
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(70)	(31)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	46,252	4,281
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	7,065	9,483
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	53,317	13,764
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financial activities:
Transfer from inventory to property and equipment	152	0
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable	53	0
Non-cash directors and officers insurance	0	2,893
Initial warrant liabilities recognized in connection with closing of the Merger	0	8,101
Non-cash Merger financing	0	5,713
Issuance of shares for payment of Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement commitment fee	0	3,271
Conversion of convertible preferred stock to common stock	0	189,871
PIPE
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	0	40,000
Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock	$ 61,346	$ 0

XML

Description of business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of business

Description of business

D-Wave Quantum Inc. ("D-Wave" or the “Company”) was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware on January 24, 2022. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger between DPCM Capital, Inc. (“DPCM”), D-Wave Systems Inc. (“D-Wave Systems”), and certain other affiliated entities through a series of transactions (the “Merger”) pursuant to the definitive agreement entered into on February 7, 2022 (the “Transaction Agreement”). On August 5, 2022, in conjunction with the Merger, DPCM and D-Wave Systems became wholly-owned subsidiaries of, and are operated by, the Company. Upon the completion of the Merger, the Company succeeded to all of the operations of its predecessor, D-Wave Systems.

D-Wave is a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and web-based access to its superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through its cloud service, LeapTM. Historically, the Company has developed its own annealing superconducting quantum computer and associated software, and its current generation quantum system is the AdvantageTM system.

D-Wave has three operating facilities, which it leases, in North America. These facilities are located in Burnaby, British Columbia, Richmond, British Columbia, and Palo Alto, California.

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but certain notes or other information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been omitted if they substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the Company's annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, balance sheet, and cash flows. Interim results should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC.

The condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2023 or thereafter. All references to September 30, 2023 and 2022 in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon consolidation.

Liquidity and going concern

The Company has prepared its condensed consolidated financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $443.1 million. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company incurred a net loss of $15.8 million and $66.3 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $13.3 million and $38.7 million, respectively. For the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net cash outflows from operating activities of $45.9 million and $34.3 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $53.3 million of cash and working capital (current assets less current liabilities) of $14.9 million. The Company expects to incur additional operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities as it continues to expand its commercial operations and research and development programs.

On April 13, 2023, (the "Closing Date") the Company entered into the Term Loan and Security Agreement (the "Term Loan"), by and between the Company and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. ("PSPIB" or the "Lender"), a related party to the Company's largest shareholder. As further described in Note 7 - Loans payable, the Term Loan provides for an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million to be made available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions as defined in the Term Loan, including a financial covenant that measures the Company's revenue against certain minimum percentages of budgeted revenue per quarter. The first two tranches of the Term Loan, each amounting to $15.0 million in principal, were advanced to D-Wave on April 14, 2023 and July 13, 2023, respectively. The Lender agreed to modify certain conditions to the funding of the second tranche of the Term Loan, including delaying the delivery of a board-approved operating budget and plan for the Company’s fiscal years 2023 through 2027 to August 31, 2023 (later extended to December 31, 2023); modifying the condition that, prior to the funding of the second tranche,the Company shall have nominated an additional director that is either an employee of PSPIB or an independent director selected from PSPIB nominees to require such appointment at a later time at PSPIB’s option; and modifying notice deadline requirements for the registration or filings of intellectual property. PSPIB has also agreed to waive certain covenants under the Term Loan that the Company did not meet, including the minimum revenue financial covenant for the second and third fiscal quarters ended June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023, respectively. The availability of the third tranche of $20.0 million is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including the closing of a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, the intellectual property valuation report submitted as a condition precedent to the second tranche remaining satisfactory to the Lender and the board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 to be submitted by December 31, 2023, being satisfactory to the Lender. The deadline to provide the operating budget was extended to December 31, 2023 from August 31, 2023 by the fourth amendment to the Term Loan dated October 6, 2023. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the third tranche or will be able to comply with the covenants of the Term Loan, or that PSPIB will agree to waive covenants under the Term Loan in the future.

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company and D-Wave Systems entered into a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park on June 16, 2022 (the "Purchase Agreement" or the "Purchase Agreement") which provides D-Wave the sole right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park to buy specified dollar amounts up to $150 million of D-Wave's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Common Shares") through November 1, 2025. The Purchase Agreement may provide the Company and D-Wave with additional liquidity to fund the business, subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement, including volume limitations tied to periodic market prices, ownership limitations restricting Lincoln Park from owning more than 9.9% of the then total outstanding Common Shares and a floor price of $1.00 at or below which the Company may not sell to Lincoln Park any Common Shares. When the Company sells shares to Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park may resell all, some, or none of those Common Shares at any time or from time to time in its discretion. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company has received $61.3 million in proceeds through the issuance of 39,487,104 Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. In order for the Company to issue Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement, the Company's share price must be above the floor price of $1.00 per share. There is no assurance that the floor price will not fall below $1.00 preventing the Company from being able to make sales to Lincoln Park in the future.

To the extent that sufficient capital is not obtained through the cash received in connection with the proceeds of the Term Loan or the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that D-Wave will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms. The issuance of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to the currently outstanding common stock. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit D-Wave’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If D-Wave is unable to obtain additional financing, operations will be scaled back or discontinued.

The Company is not currently in compliance with, and may be unable to regain and/or maintain compliance with, certain continued listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). If the Company is unable to cure any event of noncompliance with any continued listing standard of the NYSE within the applicable timeframe and other parameters set forth by the NYSE, or if the Company fails to maintain compliance with certain continued listing standards that do not provide for a cure period, it will result in the delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE, which could negatively impact the trading price, trading volume and liquidity of, and have other material adverse effects on, the Company’s common stock and its ability to raise capital.

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, “Basis of Presentation—Going Concern”, management has determined that the Company's liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is considered to be for a period of one year from the issuance of these financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments could be material.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.

The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, the Israel-Hamas War, and any evolutions thereof. The change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Debt

The Company determined that it is eligible for the fair value option election in connection with the Term Loan. The Term Loan meets the definition of a “recognized financial liability” which is an acceptable financial instrument eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10-15-4 and does not meet the definition of any of the financial instruments found within ASC 825-10-15-5 that are not eligible for the fair value option. At the date of issuance, the fair value of the Term Loan is derived from the instrument’s implied discount rate at inception.

Changes in the fair value of the Term Loan, other than changes associated with the Company's own credit risk, are recorded as gains or losses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in each reporting period. Changes in fair value attributable to the Company's own credit risk are recorded in other comprehensive income or loss in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in each reporting period; there have been no such changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Under the fair value option, debt issuance costs are recorded in other expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Term Loan is subject to certain repayment and prepayment provisions which the Company has considered in their valuation analysis. The valuation analysis performed as of the issuance date on April 13, 2023 and September 30, 2023 did not consider any amendments to the Term Loan that occurred subsequent to September 30, 2023 (See Note 7). A Monte Carlo simulation model was utilized to forecast the probability of the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement to determine the estimated proceeds to be paid to the Lender along with a mandatory prepayment premium of 10%. Additionally, the Company estimated the probability for an event of default in the valuation analysis which would result in a mandatory prepayment of the outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest. A binomial lattice model was utilized to determine the impact on the valuation of optional prepayments, in the event a mandatory prepayment does not occur. The Company assessed the fair value of the Term Loan at issuance date and as of September 30, 2023 resulting in unrealized gains of $1.7 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Fair value of financial instruments

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The Company carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values of the Company's marketable investments were $1.2 million, respectively, and were reported in other noncurrent assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

Description	Level	September 30, 2023
Liabilities:
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants	1	$	1,091
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants	2	$	880
Term Loan	3	$	29,800

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrants was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.

As of September 30, 2023, the liabilities for the Warrants were calculated by multiplying the quoted market price per DPCM Public Warrant of $0.11 by the 17,916,606 Warrants outstanding (see Note 8).

The Company elected the fair value option for its Term Loan. This liability is deemed to be a Level 3 valuation. The Company adjusts the Term Loan to fair value with adjustments recorded in change in fair value of Term Loan on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Government assistance

The Company receives various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED") investment tax credits of nil and $0.1 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon entering into the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022, the Company is no longer a Canadian Controlled Private Corporation. As a result, beginning February 7, 2022, SR&ED investment tax credits can be applied to reduce income taxes payable to the Canadian government and any such investment tax credits that are not realized will be reflected as investment tax credit carryforwards. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not record any SR&ED investment tax credits.

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted

No recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted have had a material effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements or effective during 2023 had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

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Merger

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Reverse Recapitalization [Abstract]

Merger

Merger

On August 5, 2022, the Company completed the Merger. Upon the closing of the Merger, the following occurred:

•Each non-redeeming share of DPCM Class A common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.4541326 Common Shares (the “Exchange Ratio”), such that 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A common stock that were not redeemed were exchanged for 1,311,937 Common Shares;

•All outstanding warrants of DPCM were converted into the right to receive Warrants. Each such Warrant is exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares, at any time commencing on September 4, 2022, the date that is 30 days after the completion of the Merger. The number of Common Shares received upon the exercise of Warrants will be rounded down to the nearest whole number of Common Shares;

•3,015,575 shares of DPCM Class B common stock held by Sponsor and DPCM’s officers, directors and other special advisors were converted into Common Shares on a one-for-one basis; and

•Pursuant to an arrangement effected under Part 9, Division 5 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Arrangement”) all holders of outstanding non-redeemable convertible preferred shares of D-Wave Systems received equity interests in D-Wave in exchange for their equity interests in D-Wave Systems. The aggregate consideration paid to former shareholders of D-Wave Systems in connection with the Merger was approximately 99,736,752 Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares (as defined below) (excluding options of D-Wave Systems and warrants of D-Wave Systems).

“Exchangeable Shares” refers to shares in the capital of D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc., or ExchangeCo, an indirect Canadian subsidiary of D-Wave. The Exchangeable Shares are exchangeable from time to time, at the holder’s election, for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

In connection with the Merger and concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, on February 7, 2022, DPCM and the Company entered into separate subscription agreements with a number of investors (each a "PIPE Investor"), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors, a number of Common Shares (the “PIPE Shares”) equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”), such that the PIPE Investors purchased 5,816,528 PIPE Shares in the aggregate. The PIPE Investment closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Merger.

On August 2, 2022, the DPCM shareholders voted to approve the Merger. Management determined that once this vote had occurred, it was probable that D-Wave Quantum Inc. would be required to pay Lincoln Park the Commitment Fee associated with the Purchase Agreement. As such, on August 2, 2022, D-Wave Quantum Inc. incurred a $2.6 million liability payable to Lincoln Park, which was the amount of cash contractually required to settle the Commitment Fee. Other than the Commitment Fee liability, D-Wave Quantum, Inc. had no other assets, liabilities, or operations prior to the closing of the Merger on August 5, 2022.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, DPCM was treated as the "acquired" company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing shares for the net assets of DPCM,

accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DPCM were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

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Revenue from contracts with customers

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from contracts with customers

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	1,132	$	1,346
Professional services	1,421		347
Other revenue	9		2
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over time	$	2,506	$	1,660
Revenue recognized at a point in time	56		35
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	3,333	$	3,905
Professional services	2,482		812
Other revenue	37		61
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over time	$	5,713	$	4,618
Revenue recognized at a point in time	139		160
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778

Other revenue includes training and printed circuit board sales.

The following tables present a summary of revenue by geography, based on the addresses of our customers, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
United States	$	1,083	$	951
Japan	299		293
Germany	287		237
Switzerland	311		—
Other	582		214
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
United States	$	1,814	$	2,461
Japan	920		1,008
Germany	865		757
Switzerland	686		—
Other	1,567		552
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778

"Other" includes the rest of Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Canada and Australia where the revenue from a single country is not greater than 10% of total consolidated revenue. The Company has not had any sales in China, Russia or Ukraine.

Significant customers

The Company had significant customers during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. A significant customer is defined as one that comprises up to ten percent or more of total revenues in a particular year or ten percent of outstanding accounts receivable balance as of the year end.

The tables below present the significant customers on a percentage of total revenue basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Customer A	13	%	15	%
Customer B	9	%	11	%
Customer C	—	%	10	%
Customer D	12	%	—	%
Customer E	12	%	—	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Customer A	2	%	13	%
Customer B	12	%	13	%
Customer C	12	%	—	%

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were three and two significant customers that comprised ten percent or more of outstanding accounts receivable balances, respectively.

All revenues derived from major customers above are located in the United States, Germany and other European countries during the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and the United States and Germany during the three and nine month period ended September 30, 2022.

Contract balances

The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets:
Trade accounts receivable, excluding unbilled receivables	$	395	$	757
Unbilled receivables1	368		58
Total contract assets	$	763	$	815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	$	2,177	$	1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	92		9
Customer deposit2	45		45
Total contract liabilities	$	2,314	$	1,835

1 As of December 31, 2022, there was an immaterial amount of unbilled receivables classified as prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

2Customer deposit is included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The allowance for doubtful accounts balance was nil as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,790
Deferral of revenue	4,353
Recognition of deferred revenue	(3,874)
Balance at end of period	$	2,269

Total deferred revenue as of December 31, 2022 was $$1.8 million, of which $1.7 million was recognized as revenues during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

Remaining performance obligations

A significant number of the Company’s product and service sales are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

As of September 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts was $4.4 million. This amount included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 84% is expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.

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Balance sheet details

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Balance sheet details

Balance sheet details

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$	—	$	2,459
Accrued professional services	2,642		1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	3,707		1,641
Other accruals	993		233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	722		451
Customer deposit	45		45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,390		1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Promissory note, related party)	105		420
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	9,604	$	8,640

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$	377	$	391
Prepaid software	563		559
Prepaid rent	182		96
Prepaid commissions	87		268
Prepaid insurance	338		697
Other	142		89
Other current assets:
Receivable research incentives	128		264
Security deposits	17		36
Directors and officers insurance	36		1,449
Unbilled receivables	—		58
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,870	$	3,907

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Property and equipment, net

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quantum computer systems	$	13,711	$	13,714
Lab equipment	6,838		6,666
Computer equipment	3,614		3,545
Leasehold improvements	1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures	372		319
Construction-in-progress	119		86
Total property and equipment	25,729		25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,850)		(23,111)
Total Property and equipment, net	$	1,879	$	2,294

Depreciation expense for the three month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the nine month period ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $0.7 million and $1.0 million, respectively. The Company has not acquired any property and equipment under capital leases.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets, consisting of property and plant, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, amounting to $10.4 million and $11.4 million, respectively, are located in North America, principally in Canada.

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Loans payable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Loans payable

Loans payable

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 loans payable consisted of the refundable government loans. The following table shows the component of loans payable (in thousands):

	Interest Rate	September 30,			December 31,
Loans payable, current:		2023			2022
Term Loan 1	11.00%	$	29,800	16	$	—
TPC Loan, due 2024	Interest free	206			206
Financing of directors and officers insurance, due 2023	4.24%	—			1,449
Other loans payable, current, due 2023	Interest free	—			16
Total loans payable, current		$	30,006		$	1,671
Loans payable, noncurrent:
SIF Loan 1	Interest free	$	8,834		$	7,293
TPC Loan, due 2025	Interest free	274			518
Total loans payable, noncurrent		$	9,108		$	7,811

1 Refer below for additional information on the repayment period.

SIF Loan

On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement (the "SIF Loan") with the Strategic Innovation Fund ("SIF"), whereby SIF agreed to make a repayable contribution to the Company of up to C$40.0 million (the "Contribution”). Funds from the SIF Loan are to be used for projects involving the adaption of research findings for commercial applications that have the potential for market disruption; development of current product and services through the implementation of new or incremental technology that will enhance the Company’s competitive capability; and development of process improvements which reduce the environmental footprint of current production through the use of new or improved technologies.

The annual repayment of the Contribution is calculated based upon a formula using the Company’s fiscal year revenue multiplied by a repayment rate. The contractual repayment period is 15 years and commences in the first year in which the Company reports annual revenue of $70.0 million (the “Benchmark Year”). In each of those years, an annual repayment amount is due. Each annual repayment must be paid by April 30 of the year following the year for which the annual repayment due will be calculated. If the Benchmark Year is not achieved within 14 years following the fiscal year in which the project is completed, the SIF Loan is forgiven. The SIF Loan is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently at amortized cost. As the Contribution is interest free, the difference between the carrying value and initial fair value is recorded as government assistance on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The initial fair value of the SIF Loan is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis for the loan, which requires a number of assumptions. The significant assumptions used in determining the discounted cash flows include estimating the amount and timing of future revenue for the Company and the appropriate discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rates, the Company considered the weighted average cost of capital for the Company, risk adjusted based on the development risks of the Company’s product. Management used a discount rate of 26% to discount the SIF Loan. Should projected revenue not be achieved as predicted, the adjustment to the fair value of the SIF Loan could be material. On September 19, 2023, the Company received an additional SIF tranche in the amount of $1.5 million (C$2.0 million) and recognized a $1.1 million discount on the tranche as government assistance on the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. At September 30, 2023, the carrying value of the loan approximates its fair value. The nominal amount of the SIF Loan is $28.0 million (C$38.0 million) as of September 30, 2023. For the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $0.4 million in interest expense and $0.2 million in foreign currency gains related to the SIF Loan. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recognized $1.1 million in interest expense and $0.1 million in foreign currency gains related to the SIF Loan.

Repayments of the SIF contributions could also be triggered upon default of the agreement, or termination of the agreement, or upon a change of control that has not been approved by the Canadian government. The Canadian government approved the transaction with DPCM conditionally on May 9, 2022, with all conditions being satisfied on the closing date of the Merger.

Term Loan

On April 13, 2023, the Company entered into the Term Loan with PSPIB. Under the Term Loan, term loans in aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million are to be made available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions.

The Term Loan matures on March 31, 2027, is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of the Company's assets and contains certain operational and financial covenants, including a financial covenant that measures the Company's revenue against certain minimum percentages of budgeted revenue per quarter. The Term Loan is subject to a 2% drawdown fee and requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan. Such repayments are subject to a premium payment equal to 10.0% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender, in addition to the regular prepayment premium applicable on that date, except as modified by the amendment to the Term Loan as discussed below. The Term Loan is subject to a prepayment premium due to the Lender equal to 3% of the amount prepaid/repaid within the first year of the Closing Date, 2% in the second year, 1% in the third year and no prepayment premium thereafter. At the Company's discretion, the Term Loan bears interest on a monthly basis at either (i) 10.0% payable in cash, or (ii) 11.0% payable in kind ('PIK'), with the latter added to the principal value of the Term Loan. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 the Company recognized $0.8 million and $1.2 million in PIK interest expense related to the Term Loan, respectively.

Prior to PSPIB's advance of the first tranche, the Company satisfied several closing conditions including the provision of a cash flow forecast and the board of directors' retention of an advisor. The first and second tranche of the Term Loan, each in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million, were advanced to D-Wave on April 14, 2023 and July 13, 2023, with the third tranche of $20.0 million to be made automatically available to the Company subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company has recorded debt issuance cost of $2.1 million as other expense in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. PSPIB has agreed to waive certain covenants under the Term Loan that the Company did not meet, including the minimum revenue financial covenant for the fiscal quarters ended June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2023. As a result of not meeting the minimum revenue covenant, as of September 30, 2023 the Company assessed its ability to meet such covenant over the next 12 months in accordance with ASC Topic 470, "Debt" and determined that the Term Loan may be callable over this period. Therefore the Term Loan was classified as a current liability on the Company's consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023. There can be no assurance that PSPIB will agree to waive the minimum revenue or other covenants under the Term Loan in the future.

The availability of the third tranche is subject to the Company closing a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, the intellectual property valuation report submitted as a condition precedent to the second tranche remaining satisfactory to the Lender and providing a board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 by August 31, 2023 that is satisfactory to the Lender. The deadline to provide the operating budget was extended to December 31, 2023 from August 31, 2023 by the fourth amendment to the Term Loan dated October 6, 2023. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the third tranche.

The Term Loan was amended such that the Company may issue up to $50.0 million under the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement without the requirement to pay down the Term Loan to the extent that the proceeds under the Purchase Agreement are received prior to December 31 , 2023. As amended, the Term Loan requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement in excess of $50.0 million shall be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan in addition to a premium payment equal to 10% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender.

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Warrant liabilities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Warrant liabilities

Warrant liabilities

Public and Private Warrants

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company assumed 10,000,000 DPCM public warrants and 8,000,000 DPCM private warrants. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, no DPCM public or private warrants were exercised.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company has 17,916,606 Warrants outstanding. As part of the Merger, as described in Note 3 - Merger, each DPCM Public Warrant and Private Warrant that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger was automatically and irrevocably converted into one D-Wave Quantum warrant. The Warrants are subject to the terms and conditions of the warrant agreement entered into between DPCM, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (the “Warrant Agreement Amendment” as specified in the Transaction Agreement).

Each such Warrant will be exercisable at an exercise price of $11.50 for 1.4541326 Common Shares, or an approximate exercise price per Common Share of $7.91, subject to adjustments. The Warrants may be exercised for a whole number of shares of the Company. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Warrants. The Warrants will expire on August 5, 2027, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants except that the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

    • in whole and not in part;

    • at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Common Share;

    • if, and only if, the last reported sales price of the shares of the Common Shares for any twenty (20) trading days within the thirty (30) trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which a notice of redemption is given equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like) (the "Reference Value");

    • if the Reference Value is less than $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like), the Private Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above; and

    • if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given, or an exemption from registration is available.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the Warrant Agreement Amendment. The exercise price and number of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or

consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of the Common Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.

D-Wave Systems Warrant Transaction Agreements

In November 2020, contemporaneously with a revenue arrangement, D-Wave Systems entered into a contract pursuant to which D-Wave Systems agreed to cancel a previously issued warrant with a customer and replace it with a warrant to acquire up to 3,247,637 shares of its Class A Preferred Shares (the “Warrant Preferred Shares”), subject to certain vesting requirements. The warrant agreement was amended on August 5, 2022, contemporaneously with the closing of the Merger, to convert the Warrant Preferred Shares to a warrant to acquire up to 2,889,282 Common Shares of the Company in accordance with the Conversion Ratio (as defined below). The agreement was terminated November 28, 2022 and as a result, any unvested Warrant Preferred Shares will not vest and become exercisable. As of the termination date of November 28, 2022, approximately 40% of the warrants to acquire up to 2,889,282 Common Shares had vested, resulting in 1,155,713 Common Shares available to be issued after the termination date. The vested warrants will remain exercisable for up to 1,155,713 Common Shares at an exercise price of $2.16 per Common Share until November 29, 2026.

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Related party

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related party

Related party

Promissory notes

In 2022, DPCM and one of its affiliates entered into two unsecured promissory notes of up to $1.0 million each with the Sponsor (the "DPCM Notes"). The purpose of the DPCM Notes was to provide DPCM with additional working capital. All amounts drawn on the DPCM Notes were provided directly to DPCM. The DPCM Notes are not convertible and bear no interest. The principal balance of the DPCM Notes was originally due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which DPCM consummates its initial business combination, or the date that the winding up of DPCM is effective. A total of $0.4 million has been drawn on the DPCM Notes, of which $0.1 million remains outstanding as of September 30, 2023.

In connection with the Merger, the DPCM Notes were assumed by the Company and were amended and restated effective December 31, 2022. The amended and restated notes have identical terms as the DPCM Notes except that the Company must pay the principal balance in equal installments on December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023.

In February 2023, these DPCM Notes were further amended and restated such that the Company must pay the principal balance in four equal installments on each of April 30, 2023, June 30, 2023, August 31, 2023, and October 31, 2023. Only the installment due on October 31, 2023 remains unpaid as of September 30, 2023.

The execution of the amended and restated DPCM Notes are related party transactions as these notes are payable to affiliates of the Company.

Short swing profit settlement

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $0.2 million related to the short swing profit settlement remitted by a shareholder of the Company under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company recognized the proceeds as an increase to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2023, and in the condensed consolidated statements of stockholder's (deficit) equity, as well as in cash provided by financial activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.

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Stock-based compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensationFor the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation is associated with stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP").

Common stock option activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

	Number of options outstanding	Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	15,387,546	$	1.76	7.12	$	8,763
Granted	—	—		—	—
Exercised	(2,329,067)	0.81		—	144
Forfeited	(1,019,743)	3.57		—	—
Expired	(388,956)	2.36		—	—
Balance as of September 30, 2023	11,649,780	$	1.66	7.32	$	1,618
Options exercisable as of September 30, 2023	9,809,565	$	1.24	7.13	$	1,438
Options unvested as of September 30, 2023	1,840,072	$	3.89	8.35	$	180

As of September 30, 2023, out of the total 11,649,780 options that have been issued and are currently outstanding, 10,587,799 options were originally granted under the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2020 Plan"). These options will be converted applying the conversion ratio of 0.889657 (the "Conversion Ratio") into 9,419,509 Common Shares upon exercise.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options was calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the estimated fair value of the Common Shares for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Common Shares.

As of September 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants was approximately $5.6 million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.81 years.

The total fair values of the stock options vested during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $3.1 million and $3.1 million respectively.

Restricted stock unit awards

RSUs granted to employees under D-Wave's 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2022 Plan") generally vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date, and then 6.25% each quarter subsequent to the first anniversary for twelve quarters. RSUs granted to members of the Board of Directors are subject to a service condition, and generally will be fully vested on the date of the Company's 2024 annual shareholder meeting.

The following table summarizes the RSU activity and related information under the 2022 Plan:

	Number of Outstanding	Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	8,143,304	$	5.69
Granted	4,423,933	0.89
Forfeited	(1,446,883)	4.63
Vested	(167,605)	4.02
Unvested as of September 30, 2023	10,952,749	$	3.93
Expected to vest as of September 30, 2023	10,436,290	$	3.97

As of September 30, 2023, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the RSUs was $24.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.38 years.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2022, the Company established the 2022 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "ESPP"). During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 226,453 shares of common stock were issued under the ESPP.

Stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	353	$	45
Research and development	2,347		360
General and administrative	2,913		644
Sales and marketing	271		732
Total stock-based compensation	$	5,884	$	1,781

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	963	$	80
Research and development	6,771		536
General and administrative	8,849		1,948
Sales and marketing	779		791
Total stock-based compensation	$	17,362	$	3,355

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Commitments and contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

Leases

The Company primarily enters into leases for office space that are classified as operating leases. During each of the nine months ended September 30, 2023,and 2022, total operating lease costs were $1.1 million.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business and may be subject to third-party infringement claims.

In the normal course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify third parties with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or covenants, other third-party claims that the Company’s products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under these indemnification obligations due to the Company’s limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim.

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company was not subject to any material litigation or pending litigation claims.

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Net loss per share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net loss per share

Net loss per share

As a result of the Merger (see Note 3), for the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company has retroactively adjusted the weighted average shares outstanding prior to August 5, 2022 to give effect to the Conversion Ratio used to determine the number of Common Shares into which they were converted.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(15,829)	$	(13,311)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	133,222,318		116,256,805
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(0.11)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(66,335)	$	(38,740)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	131,373,959		122,337,727
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.50)	$	(0.32)

As of September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s potentially dilutive securities were stock options, the Warrant Shares, and the Public Warrants and Private Warrants.

Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Potentially dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Public Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	14,420,064	14,426,301
Private Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	11,633,061	11,633,060
D-Wave Systems Warrant Shares as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	1,155,713	2,889,282
Options to purchase common stock as converted to Common Shares1	9,419,509	13,532,543
Options to purchase Common Shares under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan	1,061,981	1,500,081
Unvested restricted stock unit awards	10,952,749	—
Total	48,643,077	43,981,267

1 Stock options granted under the 2020 Plan will be converted applying the Conversion Ratio to the underlying common stock at the exercise date.

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Subsequent events

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent events

Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing of this Report, and determined that there have been no events that have occurred that would require adjustments to our disclosures in the condensed consolidated financial statements, except for the following:

On October 20, 2023, the Company was notified by the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) that it is not in compliance with Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of the Company’s Common Stock was less than $1.00 over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. The notice does not result in the

immediate delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE. On October 24, 2023, the Company notified the NYSE that it intends to cure the stock price deficiency and to return to compliance with the NYSE continued listing standard. The Company can regain compliance at any time within the six-month period following receipt of the NYSE notice if on the last trading day of any calendar month during the cure period the Company has a closing share price of at least $1.00 and an average closing share price of at least $1.00 over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that month. Under the NYSE’s rules, if the Company determines that, if necessary, it will cure the stock price deficiency by taking an action that will require stockholder approval, it must so inform the NYSE in the above referenced notification and the price condition will be deemed cured if the price promptly exceeds $1.00 per share, and the price remains above that level for at least the following 30 trading days. The Company intends to consider available alternatives, including but not limited to a reverse stock split, that are subject to shareholder approval. The Company’s common stock will continue to be listed and trade on the NYSE during this period, subject to the Company’s compliance with other NYSE continued listing standards.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but certain notes or other information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been omitted if they substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the Company's annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, balance sheet, and cash flows. Interim results should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon consolidation.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.

The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, the Israel-Hamas War, and any evolutions thereof. The change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Debt

Debt

The Company determined that it is eligible for the fair value option election in connection with the Term Loan. The Term Loan meets the definition of a “recognized financial liability” which is an acceptable financial instrument eligible for the fair value option under ASC 825-10-15-4 and does not meet the definition of any of the financial instruments found within ASC 825-10-15-5 that are not eligible for the fair value option. At the date of issuance, the fair value of the Term Loan is derived from the instrument’s implied discount rate at inception.

Changes in the fair value of the Term Loan, other than changes associated with the Company's own credit risk, are recorded as gains or losses in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in each reporting period. Changes in fair value attributable to the Company's own credit risk are recorded in other comprehensive income or loss in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss in each reporting period; there have been no such changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. Under the fair value option, debt issuance costs are recorded in other expense in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Term Loan is subject to certain repayment and prepayment provisions which the Company has considered in their valuation analysis. The valuation analysis performed as of the issuance date on April 13, 2023 and September 30, 2023 did not consider any amendments to the Term Loan that occurred subsequent to September 30, 2023 (See Note 7). A Monte Carlo simulation model was utilized to forecast the probability of the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement to determine the estimated proceeds to be paid to the Lender along with a mandatory prepayment premium of 10%. Additionally, the Company estimated the probability for an event of default in the valuation analysis which would result in a mandatory prepayment of the outstanding principal and accrued and unpaid interest. A binomial lattice model was utilized to determine the impact on the valuation of optional prepayments, in the event a mandatory prepayment does not occur. The Company assessed the fair value of the Term Loan at issuance date and as of September 30, 2023 resulting in unrealized gains of $1.7 million and $1.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The Company carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values of the Company's marketable investments were $1.2 million, respectively, and were reported in other noncurrent assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrants was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.

As of September 30, 2023, the liabilities for the Warrants were calculated by multiplying the quoted market price per DPCM Public Warrant of $0.11 by the 17,916,606 Warrants outstanding (see Note 8).

The Company elected the fair value option for its Term Loan. This liability is deemed to be a Level 3 valuation. The Company adjusts the Term Loan to fair value with adjustments recorded in change in fair value of Term Loan on the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Government assistance

Government assistance

The Company receives various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company recorded Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED") investment tax credits of nil and $0.1 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon entering into the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022, the Company is no longer a Canadian Controlled Private Corporation. As a result, beginning February 7, 2022, SR&ED investment tax credits can be applied to reduce income taxes payable to the Canadian government and any such investment tax credits that are not realized will be reflected as investment tax credit carryforwards. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not record any SR&ED investment tax credits.

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted, and not yet adopted

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted

No recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted have had a material effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements or effective during 2023 had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table presents information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

Description	Level	September 30, 2023
Liabilities:
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants	1	$	1,091
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants	2	$	880
Term Loan	3	$	29,800

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Revenue from contracts with customers (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	1,132	$	1,346
Professional services	1,421		347
Other revenue	9		2
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over time	$	2,506	$	1,660
Revenue recognized at a point in time	56		35
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	3,333	$	3,905
Professional services	2,482		812
Other revenue	37		61
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over time	$	5,713	$	4,618
Revenue recognized at a point in time	139		160
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778

The following tables present a summary of revenue by geography, based on the addresses of our customers, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
United States	$	1,083	$	951
Japan	299		293
Germany	287		237
Switzerland	311		—
Other	582		214
Total revenue	$	2,562	$	1,695

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
United States	$	1,814	$	2,461
Japan	920		1,008
Germany	865		757
Switzerland	686		—
Other	1,567		552
Total revenue	$	5,852	$	4,778

Significant customers

The tables below present the significant customers on a percentage of total revenue basis for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022.

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Customer A	13	%	15	%
Customer B	9	%	11	%
Customer C	—	%	10	%
Customer D	12	%	—	%
Customer E	12	%	—	%

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Customer A	2	%	13	%
Customer B	12	%	13	%
Customer C	12	%	—	%

Accounts receivable, contract assets and liabilities, and changes in deferred revenue

The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets:
Trade accounts receivable, excluding unbilled receivables	$	395	$	757
Unbilled receivables1	368		58
Total contract assets	$	763	$	815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	$	2,177	$	1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	92		9
Customer deposit2	45		45
Total contract liabilities	$	2,314	$	1,835

1 As of December 31, 2022, there was an immaterial amount of unbilled receivables classified as prepaid expenses and other current assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

2Customer deposit is included in "Accrued expenses and other current liabilities" on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The allowance for doubtful accounts balance was nil as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	Nine months ended September 30, 2023
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,790
Deferral of revenue	4,353
Recognition of deferred revenue	(3,874)
Balance at end of period	$	2,269

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Balance sheet details (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$	—	$	2,459
Accrued professional services	2,642		1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	3,707		1,641
Other accruals	993		233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	722		451
Customer deposit	45		45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,390		1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Promissory note, related party)	105		420
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	9,604	$	8,640

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$	377	$	391
Prepaid software	563		559
Prepaid rent	182		96
Prepaid commissions	87		268
Prepaid insurance	338		697
Other	142		89
Other current assets:
Receivable research incentives	128		264
Security deposits	17		36
Directors and officers insurance	36		1,449
Unbilled receivables	—		58
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	1,870	$	3,907

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Property and equipment, net (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quantum computer systems	$	13,711	$	13,714
Lab equipment	6,838		6,666
Computer equipment	3,614		3,545
Leasehold improvements	1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures	372		319
Construction-in-progress	119		86
Total property and equipment	25,729		25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,850)		(23,111)
Total Property and equipment, net	$	1,879	$	2,294

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Loans payable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of loans payable

The following table shows the component of loans payable (in thousands):

	Interest Rate	September 30,			December 31,
Loans payable, current:		2023			2022
Term Loan 1	11.00%	$	29,800	16	$	—
TPC Loan, due 2024	Interest free	206			206
Financing of directors and officers insurance, due 2023	4.24%	—			1,449
Other loans payable, current, due 2023	Interest free	—			16
Total loans payable, current		$	30,006		$	1,671
Loans payable, noncurrent:
SIF Loan 1	Interest free	$	8,834		$	7,293
TPC Loan, due 2025	Interest free	274			518
Total loans payable, noncurrent		$	9,108		$	7,811

1 Refer below for additional information on the repayment period.

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Stock-based compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock option activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

	Number of options outstanding	Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	15,387,546	$	1.76	7.12	$	8,763
Granted	—	—		—	—
Exercised	(2,329,067)	0.81		—	144
Forfeited	(1,019,743)	3.57		—	—
Expired	(388,956)	2.36		—	—
Balance as of September 30, 2023	11,649,780	$	1.66	7.32	$	1,618
Options exercisable as of September 30, 2023	9,809,565	$	1.24	7.13	$	1,438
Options unvested as of September 30, 2023	1,840,072	$	3.89	8.35	$	180

RSU activity

The following table summarizes the RSU activity and related information under the 2022 Plan:

	Number of Outstanding	Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	8,143,304	$	5.69
Granted	4,423,933	0.89
Forfeited	(1,446,883)	4.63
Vested	(167,605)	4.02
Unvested as of September 30, 2023	10,952,749	$	3.93
Expected to vest as of September 30, 2023	10,436,290	$	3.97

Stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	353	$	45
Research and development	2,347		360
General and administrative	2,913		644
Sales and marketing	271		732
Total stock-based compensation	$	5,884	$	1,781

	Nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	963	$	80
Research and development	6,771		536
General and administrative	8,849		1,948
Sales and marketing	779		791
Total stock-based compensation	$	17,362	$	3,355

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Net loss per share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of basic and diluted net loss per share

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(15,829)	$	(13,311)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	133,222,318		116,256,805
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.12)	$	(0.11)

	For the nine months ended September 30,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(66,335)	$	(38,740)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	131,373,959		122,337,727
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.50)	$	(0.32)

Potentially dilutive securities

Potentially dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	As of September 30,
	2023	2022
Public Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	14,420,064	14,426,301
Private Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	11,633,061	11,633,060
D-Wave Systems Warrant Shares as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	1,155,713	2,889,282
Options to purchase common stock as converted to Common Shares1	9,419,509	13,532,543
Options to purchase Common Shares under the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan	1,061,981	1,500,081
Unvested restricted stock unit awards	10,952,749	—
Total	48,643,077	43,981,267

1 Stock options granted under the 2020 Plan will be converted applying the Conversion Ratio to the underlying common stock at the exercise date.

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Description of business (Details)	Sep. 30, 2023 facility
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of operating facilities	3

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 20, 2023	Apr. 13, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Jun. 16, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit			$ 443,132,000		$ 443,132,000		$ 376,797,000
Net loss			15,829,000	$ 13,311,000	66,335,000	$ 38,740,000
Net cash outflows from operations					45,910,000	34,339,000
Cash			53,317,000		53,317,000		$ 7,065,000
Working capital			$ 14,900,000		$ 14,900,000
ELOC, right to sell common stock (in shares)								$ 150,000,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)			$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
ELOC, ownership restriction percentage								9.90%
ELOC, floor stock price (in usd per share)								$ 1.00
Proceeds from stock issuance					$ 61,300,000
Issuance of stock (in shares)					39,487,104
Premium payment, percentage of amount prepaid from common stock issuance proceeds	10.00%
Unrealized gain on term loan			$ (1,701,000)	0	$ (1,356,000)	0
Marketable investments			$ 1,200,000		$ 1,200,000		$ 1,200,000
Warrants, quoted price (in usd per share)			$ 0.11		$ 0.11
Warrants outstanding (in shares)			17,916,606		17,916,606
SR&ED investment tax credit			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 100,000
Term Loan | Line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 50,000,000.0
Non-dilutive financing		$ 25,000,000.0
Premium payment, percentage of amount prepaid from common stock issuance proceeds		10.00%
Unrealized gain on term loan			$ (1,700,000)		$ (1,400,000)
Term Loan | Line of credit | Debt tranche one
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 15,000,000.0
Term Loan | Line of credit | Debt tranche three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 20,000,000.0

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Liabilities:
Warrants	$ 1,971	$ 1,892
Level 1 | Public Warrants
Liabilities:
Warrants	1,091
Level 2 | Private Warrants
Liabilities:
Warrants	880
Level 3 | Line of credit | Term Loan
Liabilities:
Term Loan	$ 29,800

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Merger (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Aug. 05, 2022 $ / shares shares	Feb. 07, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 02, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Exchange ratio	1.4541326
Conversion ratio	1
Sale of stock, price (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 10.00	$ 10.00
Commitment fee liability | $			$ 2.6
PIPE
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement | $		$ 40.0
Issuance of common stock (in shares)		5,816,528
DCPM Class A common stock
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Stock exchanged in exchange of common stock (in shares)	902,213
DPCM Capital, Inc. Stockholders | DCPM Class A common stock
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Stock issued in exchange of common stock (in shares)	1,311,937
DPCM Capital, Inc. Stockholders | DCPM Class B common stock
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Stock issued in exchange of common stock (in shares)	3,015,575
Conversion ratio	1
D-Wave Systems Inc. Stockholders
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Aggregate consideration paid (in shares)	99,736,752

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 2,562	$ 1,695	$ 5,852	$ 4,778
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,083	951	1,814	2,461
Japan
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	299	293	920	1,008
Germany
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	287	237	865	757
Switzerland
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	311	0	686	0
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	582	214	1,567	552
Revenue recognized over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	2,506	1,660	5,713	4,618
Revenue recognized at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	56	35	139	160
QCaaS
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,132	1,346	3,333	3,905
Professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	1,421	347	2,482	812
Other revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 9	$ 2	$ 37	$ 61

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Significant Customers (Details) - Revenue - Customer concentration risk	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Customer A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	13.00%	15.00%	2.00%	13.00%
Customer B
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	9.00%	11.00%	12.00%	13.00%
Customer C
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	0.00%	10.00%	12.00%	0.00%
Customer D
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	12.00%	0.00%
Customer E
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	12.00%	0.00%

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Deferred revenue	$ 2,269	$ 1,790
Revenue recognized	1,700
Remaining performance obligation	$ 4,400
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-10-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percentage	84.00%
Remaining performance obligation, period	12 months
Two customers | Accounts Receivable | Customer concentration risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage		10.00%
Four customers | Accounts Receivable | Customer concentration risk
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Receivables, Contract Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Contract assets:
Trade accounts receivable, excluding unbilled receivables	$ 395	$ 757
Unbilled receivables	368	58
Trade accounts receivable	763	815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	2,177	1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	92	9
Customer deposit	45	45
Total contract liabilities	$ 2,314	$ 1,835

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Change in Deferred Revenue (Details) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)
Contract With Customer, Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 1,790
Deferral of revenue	4,353
Recognition of deferred revenue	(3,874)
Balance at end of period	$ 2,269

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Balance sheet details - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$ 0	$ 2,459
Accrued professional services	2,642	1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	3,707	1,641
Other accruals	993	233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	722	451
Customer deposit	45	45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,390	1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Promissory note, related party)	105	420
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 9,604	$ 8,640
Current portion of operating lease liabilities, location	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities

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Balance sheet details - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$ 377	$ 391
Prepaid software	563	559
Prepaid rent	182	96
Prepaid commissions	87	268
Prepaid insurance	338	697
Other	142	89
Other current assets:
Receivable research incentives	128	264
Security deposits	17	36
Directors and officers insurance	36	1,449
Unbilled receivables	0	58
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 1,870	$ 3,907

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Property and equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 25,729		$ 25,729		$ 25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,850)		(23,850)		(23,111)
Total Property and equipment, net	1,879		1,879		2,294
Depreciation expense	200	$ 300	700	$ 1,000
North America
Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	10,400		10,400		11,400
Quantum computer systems
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	13,711		13,711		13,714
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	6,838		6,838		6,666
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	3,614		3,614		3,545
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,075		1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	372		372		319
Construction-in-progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 119		$ 119		$ 86

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Loans payable - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2023	Apr. 13, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total loans payable, current	$ 30,006		$ 1,671
Total loans payable, noncurrent	$ 9,108		7,811
Line of credit | Term Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	11.00%	10.00%
Total loans payable, current	$ 29,800		0
Other notes payable | TPC Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total loans payable, current	206		206
Total loans payable, noncurrent	$ 274		518
Other notes payable | Directors and Officers Insurance financing
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Interest rate	4.24%
Total loans payable, current	$ 0		1,449
Other notes payable | Other loans
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total loans payable, current	0		16
Other notes payable | SIF Loan
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Total loans payable, noncurrent	$ 8,834		$ 7,293

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Loans payable - Narrative (Details)					3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 19, 2023 USD ($)	Jul. 20, 2023 USD ($)	Apr. 13, 2023 USD ($)	Nov. 20, 2020 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023 CAD ($)	Sep. 19, 2023 CAD ($)	Nov. 20, 2020 CAD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Government assistance					$ 1,051,000	$ 0	$ 1,051,000	$ 0
Unrealized foreign exchange gain							15,000	1,226,000
Premium payment, percentage of amount prepaid from common stock issuance proceeds		10.00%
Debt issuance costs					725,000	$ 0	2,118,000	$ 0
ELOC, right to sell common stock, amount		$ 50,000,000
SIF Loan | Other notes payable
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 1,500,000				28,000,000		28,000,000		$ 38,000,000	$ 2,000,000	$ 40,000,000
Term				15 years
Repayment benchmark year, revenue				$ 70,000,000
Repayment benchmark year, period				14 years							14 years
Discount percentage				26.00%							26.00%
Government assistance	$ 1,100,000
Interest expense					400,000		1,100,000
Unrealized foreign exchange gain					200,000		100,000
Term Loan | Line of credit
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount			$ 50,000,000.0
Interest expense					$ 800,000		$ 1,200,000
Drawdown fee percentage			2.00%
Premium payment, percentage of amount prepaid from common stock issuance proceeds			10.00%
Interest rate			10.00%		11.00%		11.00%		11.00%
Interest rate, PIK			11.00%
Debt issuance costs					$ 2,100,000		$ 2,100,000
Non-dilutive financing			$ 25,000,000.0
Term Loan | Line of credit | Debt repayment period one
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium percentage			3.00%
Term Loan | Line of credit | Debt repayment period two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium percentage			2.00%
Term Loan | Line of credit | Debt repayment period three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium percentage			1.00%
Term Loan | Line of credit | Debt tranche one
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount			$ 15,000,000.0
Term Loan | Line of credit | Debt tranche three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount			$ 20,000,000.0

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Warrant liabilities (Details)			9 Months Ended
	Nov. 28, 2022 $ / shares shares	Aug. 05, 2022 day $ / shares shares	Sep. 30, 2023 shares	Feb. 07, 2022 $ / shares	Nov. 30, 2020 shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares)			0
Warrants outstanding (in shares)			17,916,606
Number of warrants into which each warrant was converted (in shares)		1
Warrants, exercise price, prior to exchange ratio (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 11.50
Exchange ratio		1.4541326
Warrants, exercise price (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 7.91
Warrants, redemption price (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 0.10
Warrants, redemption notice period		30 days
Warrants, redemption share price threshold trading days | day		20
Warrants, redemption share price threshold consecutive trading days		30 days
Sale of stock, price (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 10.00		$ 10.00
Reference value (in usd per share) | $ / shares		$ 18.00
Warrants, number of shares issuable (in shares)	1,155,713
Public Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Merger, warrants assumed (in shares)		10,000,000
Private Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Merger, warrants assumed (in shares)		8,000,000
Preferred stock warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants, number of shares issuable (in shares)	2,889,282	2,889,282			3,247,637
Warrants vested, percentage	40.00%
Vest Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Exercise price (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.16

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Related party (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Unsecured promissory notes, outstanding	$ 105	$ 420
Short-swing profit settlement	244
Affiliated Entity
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Unsecured promissory notes, maximum		$ 1,000
Unsecured promissory notes, amount drawn	400
Unsecured promissory notes, outstanding	100
Shareholder
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Short-swing profit settlement	$ 200

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Stock-based compensation - Stock Options Activity (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Number of options outstanding
Balance (in shares) | shares	15,387,546
Granted (in shares) | shares	0
Exercised (in shares) | shares	(2,329,067)
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(1,019,743)
Expired (in shares) | shares	(388,956)
Balance (in shares) | shares	11,649,780	15,387,546
Options exercisable (in shares) | shares	9,809,565
Options unvested (in shares) | shares	1,840,072
Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)
Balance (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 1.76
Granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	0
Exercised (in usd per share) | $ / shares	0.81
Forfeited (in usd per share) | $ / shares	3.57
Expired (in usd per share) | $ / shares	2.36
Balance (in usd per share) | $ / shares	1.66	$ 1.76
Options exercisable (in usd per share) | $ / shares	1.24
Options unvested (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.89
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)
Balance	7 years 3 months 25 days	7 years 1 month 13 days
Options exercisable	7 years 1 month 17 days
Options unvested	8 years 4 months 6 days
Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance | $	$ 1,618	$ 8,763
Exercised | $	144
Options exercisable | $	1,438
Options unvested | $	$ 180

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Stock-based compensation - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($) shares	Sep. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 shares
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding (in shares)	11,649,780		15,387,546
Conversion ratio	0.889657
Shares to be issued upon exercise (in shares)	9,419,509
Unrecognized compensation cost, stock options | $	$ 5.6
Fair value of stock options vested | $	$ 3.1	$ 3.1
Stock options
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, period for recognition	9 months 21 days
RSUs
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, period for recognition	2 years 4 months 17 days
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost | $	$ 24.3
RSUs | Employees | Tranche one
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
RSUs | Employees | Tranche two
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	6.25%
Employee stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares issued to date (in shares)	226,453
Equity Incentive Plan 2020
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Outstanding (in shares)	10,587,799

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Stock-based compensation - RSU Activity and Related Information (Details) - RSUs	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 $ / shares shares
Number of Outstanding
Unvested (in shares) | shares	8,143,304
Granted (in shares) | shares	4,423,933
Forfeited (in shares) | shares	(1,446,883)
Vested (in shares) | shares	(167,605)
Unvested (in shares) | shares	10,952,749
Expected to vest (in shares) | shares	10,436,290
Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 5.69
Granted (in usd per share) | $ / shares	0.89
Forfeited (in usd per share) | $ / shares	4.63
Vested (in usd per share) | $ / shares	4.02
Unvested (in usd per share) | $ / shares	3.93
Expected to vest (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.97

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Stock-based compensation - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 5,884	$ 1,781	$ 17,362	$ 3,355
Cost of revenue
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	353	45	963	80
Research and development
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	2,347	360	6,771	536
General and administrative
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	2,913	644	8,849	1,948
Sales and marketing
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 271	$ 732	$ 779	$ 791

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Commitment and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Lease cost	$ 1.1	$ 1.1

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Net loss per share - Computation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
		Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic		$ (15,829)	$ (13,311)	$ (66,335)	$ (38,740)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted		$ (15,829)	$ (13,311)	$ (66,335)	$ (38,740)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, basic (in shares)	[1]	133,222,318	116,256,805	131,373,959	122,337,727
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, diluted (in shares)	[1]	133,222,318	116,256,805	131,373,959	122,337,727
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.12)	$ (0.11)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.32)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.12)	$ (0.11)	$ (0.50)	$ (0.32)

[1] Weighted-average shares for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

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Net loss per share - Potentially Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	48,643,077	43,981,267
Warrants | Public Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	14,420,064	14,426,301
Warrants | Private Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	11,633,061	11,633,060
Preferred stock warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	1,155,713	2,889,282
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	9,419,509	13,532,543
Equity Incentive Plan 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	1,061,981	1,500,081
RSUs
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	10,952,749	0

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Subsequent events (Details) - Subsequent Event	Oct. 20, 2023 $ / shares
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
ELOC, stock price, minimum (in usd per share)	$ 1.00
ELOC, consecutive trading day period	30 days