10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________

(Mark One)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ___________ and ____________

Commission file number 001-41468

________________________

D-WAVE QUANTUM INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

________________________

Delaware	88-1068854
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada	V5G 4M9
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

(604) 630-1428

Registrant's telephone number, including area code

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	QBTS	New York Stock Exchange
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50	QBTS.WT	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes   x    No   o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x   No  o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company	o
		Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

As of May 17, 2023, the registrant had 80,600,419 shares of common stock at par value $0.0001 outstanding. In addition, there were 46,573,135 exchangeable shares outstanding as of May 17, 2023, which are convertible into shares of common stock on a one for one basis at any time for no consideration.

Table of Contents

		Page
Part I. Financial Information
Item 1.	D-Wave Quantum Inc. Financial Statements (Unaudited)	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	5
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss	6
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity	7
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	9
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	D-Wave Quantum Inc. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	30
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	31
Part II. Other Information
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	32
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	32
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	32
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	32
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	32
Item 5.	Other Information	32
Item 6.	Exhibits	32
Signatures		34

2

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Report”) and in documents incorporated herein by reference may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report to the terms “D-Wave” and the “Company” refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc., together with its subsidiaries. Our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding D-Wave and D-Wave’s management team’s expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by the following words: “believe”, “may”, “will”, “could”, “would”, “should”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “anticipate”, “trend”, “believe”, “estimate”, “predict”, “project”, “potential”, “seem”. “seek”, “future”, “outlook”, “forecast”, “projection”, “continue”, “ongoing”, or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. These statements involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from the information expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are based on a combination of facts and factors currently known by us and our projections of the future, which are subject to a number of risks. Forward-looking statements in this Report may include, for example, statements about:

•the expected benefits of the Merger (as defined below);

•D-Wave's future growth and innovations;

•the increased adoption of quantum computing solutions and expansion of related market opportunities and use cases;

•the estimated total addressable market (“TAM”) for quantum computing and expectations regarding product development and functionality;

•D-Wave’s financial and business performance, including financial projections and business metrics;

•changes in D-Wave’s strategy, future operations, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects and plans;

•the ability of D-Wave’s products and services to meet customers’ compliance and regulatory needs;

•D-Wave’s ability to attract and retain qualified employees and management;

•D-Wave’s ability to develop and maintain its brand and reputation;

•developments and projections relating to D-Wave’s products, competitors and industry;

•the impact of the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, and any evolutions thereof, on D-Wave’s business and the actions D-Wave may take in response thereto;

•D-Wave’s expectations regarding its ability to obtain and maintain intellectual property protection and not infringe on the rights of others;

•expectations regarding the time during which we will be an emerging growth company under the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, as amended (the "JOBS Act");

•D-Wave’s future capital requirements and sources and uses of cash;

•D-Wave’s ability to obtain funding for its operations and future growth; and

•D-Wave’s business, expansion plans and opportunities.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements in making an investment decision. These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Report, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties and are not predictions of actual performance. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date, and we do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

These forward-looking statements are not intended to serve as, and must not be relied on as, a guarantee, an assurance, a prediction or a definitive statement of fact or probability regarding future performance, events or circumstances. Many of the factors affecting actual performance, events and circumstances are beyond the control of D-Wave. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, our actual results or performance may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

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•anticipated trends, growth rates, and challenges in companies, such as D-Wave, that are engaged in the business of quantum computing and in the markets in which they operate;

•the risk that D-Wave’s securities will not maintain a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”);

•D-Wave’s ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Merger, which may be affected by, among other things, competition and the ability of D-Wave to grow and achieve and maintain profitability following the Merger;

•risks related to the uncertainty of the unaudited prospective forecasted financial information;

•risks related to the performance of D-Wave’s business and the timing of expected business or financial milestones;

•unanticipated technological or project development challenges, including with respect to the cost and/or timing thereof;

•the performance of D-Wave’s products and services;

•the effects of competition on D-Wave’s business;

•changes in the business of D-Wave, D-Wave’s market, financial, political and legal conditions;

•the risk that D-Wave will need to raise additional capital to execute its business plan, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all;

•the risk that D-Wave may never achieve or sustain profitability;

•the risk that D-Wave is unable to secure or protect its intellectual property;

•changes in applicable laws or regulations;

•the effect of the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, geopolitical events, natural disasters, wars, terrorist acts or a combination of these factors on D-Wave’s business and the economy in general;

•the ability of D-Wave to execute its business model, including market acceptance of its planned products and services;

•D-Wave’s ability to raise capital, including under the Purchase Agreement (as defined below) with Lincoln Park Capital Fund LLC ("Lincoln Park");

•D-Wave's ability to obtain funds under the Term Loan (as defined below);

•the possibility that D-Wave may be negatively impacted by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors;

•risks stemming from inflation;

•any changes to applicable tax laws, including U.S. tax laws; and

•other risks and uncertainties described in Report, including those referenced under the section titled “Risk Factors.”

In addition, statements that “D-Wave believes” and similar statements reflect D-Wave’s beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to D-Wave as of the date of this Report, and while D-Wave believes such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and such statements should not be read to indicate that such party has conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

4

Part I - Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

	March 31,		December 31,
(In thousands of U.S. dollars, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash	$	8,988	$	7,065
Trade accounts receivable, net	542		757
Inventories	2,240		2,196
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,142		3,907
Total current assets	$	14,912	$	13,925
Property and equipment, net	2,041		2,294
Operating lease right-of-use assets	8,927		9,133
Intangible assets, net	228		244
Other noncurrent assets	1,351		1,351
Total assets	$	27,459	$	26,947
Liabilities and stockholders' (deficit) equity
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	5,608		3,756
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	9,859		8,640
Loans payable, current	790		1,671
Deferred revenue, current	1,827		1,781
Total current liabilities	18,084		15,848
Warrant liabilities	1,254		1,892
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	7,165		7,301
Loans payable, noncurrent	8,260		7,811
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	9		9
Total liabilities	$	34,772	$	32,861
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' (deficit) equity:
Common stock par value $0.0001 per share; 675,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 127,173,552 shares and 113,335,530 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.	12		11
Additional paid-in capital	404,501		381,274
Accumulated deficit	(401,405)		(376,797)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,421)		(10,402)
Total stockholders' (deficit) equity	$	(7,313)	$	(5,914)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	27,459	$	26,947

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

	For the three months ended March 31,
(In thousands, except share and per share data)	2023		2022
Revenue	$	1,583	$	1,713
Cost of revenue	1,162		616
Total gross profit	421		1,097
Operating expenses:
Research and development	10,915		6,802
General and administrative	11,296		3,646
Sales and marketing	2,900		1,600
Total operating expenses	25,111		12,048
Loss from operations	(24,690)		(10,951)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(454)		(525)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	638		—
Other income (expense), net	(102)		(181)
Total other income (expense), net	82		(706)
Net loss	$	(24,608)	$	(11,657)
Net loss per share, basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.09)
Weighted-average shares * used in computing net loss per share, basic and diluted	123,144,097		125,385,841
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss	$	(24,608)	$	(11,657)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(19)		(70)
Net comprehensive loss	$	(24,627)	$	(11,727)

* Weighted-average shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity

(Unaudited)

	Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
	Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock			Common stock			Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total stockholders' equity (deficit)
(In thousands, except share data)	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances at December 31, 2021	137,765,828	$	189,881	3,166,949	$	2,610	$	146,240	$	(325,268)	$	(10,443)	$	3,020
Retroactive application of Merger	(15,201,495)	—		(349,451)	(2,610)		2,610		—		—		—
Adjusted Balances, beginning of period*	122,564,333	189,881		2,817,498	—		148,850		(325,268)		(10,443)		3,020
Old D-Wave exercise of stock options	—	—		8,768	—		7		—		—		7
Old D-Wave stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		783		—		—		783
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—	—		—		—		(70)		(70)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(11,657)		—		(11,657)
Balances at March 31, 2022	122,564,333	$	189,881	2,826,266	$	—	$	149,640	$	(336,925)	$	(10,513)	$	(7,917)

* Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity

(Unaudited)

	Stockholders’ Equity
	Common stock
(In thousands, except share data)	Shares	Amount		Additional paid-in capital		Accumulated deficit		Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Total stockholders' deficit
Balances at December 31, 2022	113,335,530	$	11	$	381,274	$	(376,797)	$	(10,402)	$	(5,914)
Exercise of stock options	598,368	—		546		—		—		546
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Purchase Agreement	13,239,654	1		15,682		—		—		15,683
Stock-based compensation	—	—		6,755		—		—		6,755
Short swing profit settlement	—	—		244		—		—		244
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	—	—		—		—		(19)		(19)
Net loss	—	—		—		(24,608)		—		(24,608)
Balances at March 31, 2023	127,173,552	$	12	$	404,501	$	(401,405)	$	(10,421)	$	(7,313)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

8

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	2023		2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(24,608)	$	(11,657)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	339		412
Stock-based compensation	6,755		783
Amortization of operating right of use assets	206		227
Non-cash interest expense	437		525
Change in fair value of Warrant liabilities	(638)		—
Other non-cash activities	44		527
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	215		(321)
Inventories	(59)		(205)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	767		(1,952)
Trade accounts payable	1,858		(395)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,214		2,936
Deferred revenue	46		(163)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	(150)		(226)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(13,574)	$	(9,509)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(64)		(123)
Purchase of software	(12)		(21)
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(76)	$	(144)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement	15,683		—
Proceeds from government assistance	—		3,178
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	546		7
Proceeds from debt financing	—		14,700
Debt payments	(881)		(13)
Short swing profit settlement	244		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	15,592	$	17,872
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(19)		(41)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,923		8,178
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	7,065	$	9,483
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	8,988	$	17,661
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financial activities:
Unpaid deferred costs	$	—	$	3,734

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

9

D-Wave Quantum Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1.    Description of business

D-Wave Quantum Inc. ("D-Wave" or the “Company”) was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of the Delaware on January 24, 2022. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger between DPCM Capital, Inc. (“DPCM”), D-Wave Systems Inc. (“D-Wave Systems”), and certain other affiliated entities through a series of transactions (the “Merger”) pursuant to the definitive agreement entered into on February 7, 2022 (the “Transaction Agreement”). On August 5, 2022, in conjunction with the Merger, DPCM and D-Wave Systems became wholly-owned subsidiaries of, and are operated by, the Company. Upon the completion of the Merger, the Company succeeded to all of the operations of its predecessor, D-Wave Systems.

D-Wave is a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and web-based access to its superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through its cloud service, LeapTM. Historically, the Company has developed its own annealing superconducting quantum computer and associated software, and its current generation quantum system is the AdvantageTM system.

D-Wave has three operating facilities, which it leases, in North America. These facilities are located in Burnaby, British Columbia, Richmond, British Columbia, and Palo Alto, California.

2.    Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but certain notes or other information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been omitted if they substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the Company's annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, balance sheet, and cash flows. Interim results should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC.

The condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2023 or thereafter. All references to March 31, 2023 and 2022 in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon consolidation.

Revision of previously issued financial statements

In connection with the preparation of the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company’s management identified certain misstatements attributable to the following:

10

i) an understatement of reported research and development expenses for $0.3 million with respect to the Company losing the ability to receive Scientific Research and Experimental Development credits subsequently to signing the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022; and

ii) an overstatement of non-cash interest expense for $0.3 million with respect to the Company identifying certain errors in the SIF Loan (as defined below) repayment calculation model.

There was no material impact to net loss, hence there was no impact to the net loss per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Liquidity and going concern

The Company has prepared its condensed consolidated financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $401.4 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $24.6 million and $11.7 million respectively and the Company had net cash outflows from operating activities of $13.6 million and $9.5 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $9.0 million of cash and working capital (current assets less current liabilities) deficit of $3.2 million. The Company expects to incur additional operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities as it continues to expand its commercial operations and research and development programs.

On April 13, 2023, the Company entered into the Term Loan and Security Agreement (the "Term Loan"), by and between the Company and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. ("PSPIB" or the "Lender"), a related party of the Company, with an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million to be made available to the Company, as defined in the Term Loan and Security Agreement, in three tranches. The first tranche, in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million, was advanced to the Company on April 14, 2023, with the second and third tranches, of $15.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, to be made available to the Company subject to certain conditions. Prior to PSPIB's advance of the first tranche, the Company satisfied several closing conditions including the provision of a cash flow forecast and the board of directors' retention of an advisor. The second tranche, that shall be available to the Company as of July 12, 2023, is subject to the Company providing the Lender with an IP valuation report, a board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027, and SIF’s consent to the grant of security interests in D-Wave's project intellectual property associated with the SIF Loan. The third tranche, that shall be available to the Company as of October 10, 2023, is subject to the Company closing a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, and the IP valuation report and board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 remaining satisfactory to the Lender. Each tranche is subject to a 2.0% drawdown fee and the Term Loan matures on March 31, 2027. The initial $15.0 million tranche is expected to provide the Company with sufficient cash runway until the second $15.0 million tranche, assuming it is received when available on July 12, 2023. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the second and third tranches.

At the discretion of the Company, the Term Loan bears interest on a monthly basis at either (i) 10% payable in cash, or (ii) 11% payable in kind ('PIK'), with the latter added to the principal value of the Term Loan.

Upon the repayment or prepayment of the Term Loan, there is a prepayment premium due the Lender that is equal to 3.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid prior to the first anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan, 2.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid after the first anniversary and before the second anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan, 1.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid after the second anniversary and before the third anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan and no prepayment premium due thereafter. The Term Loan requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan in addition to a premium payment equal to 10% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender.

The Term Loan is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets and contains certain operational and financial covenants.

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company and D-Wave Systems entered into a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC ("Lincoln Park") on June 16, 2022 (the "Purchase Agreement" or the "Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement") which provides D-Wave the sole right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park to buy specified dollar amounts up to $150 million of D-Wave's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Common Shares") through June 15, 2025. The Purchase Agreement may provide the Company and D-Wave with additional liquidity to fund the business, subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement, including volume limitations tied to periodic market prices, ownership limitations restricting Lincoln Park from owning more than 9.9% of the then total outstanding Common Shares and a floor price of $1.00 at which the Company may not sell to Lincoln Park any Common Shares. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company has received $15.7 million in proceeds through the issuance of 13,239,654 Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. On February 13, 2023, the Company filed an S-1

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registration statement with the SEC to register an additional 35.0 million shares of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park. Since February 13, 2023, the Company's share price has been below the floor price of $1.00 and the Company may not sell shares to Lincoln Park. There is no assurance when the Company might be able to make sales to Lincoln Park in the future.

To the extent that sufficient capital is not obtained through the cash received in connection with the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that D-Wave will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms. The issuance of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to the currently outstanding common stock. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit D-Wave’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If D-Wave is unable to obtain additional financing, operations will be scaled back or discontinued.

The Company is not currently in compliance with, and may be unable to regain and/or maintain compliance with, certain continued listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). If the Company is unable to cure any event of noncompliance with any continued listing standard of the NYSE within the applicable timeframe and other parameters set forth by the NYSE, or if the Company fails to maintain compliance with certain continued listing standards that do not provide for a cure period, it will result in the delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE, which could negatively impact the trading price, trading volume and liquidity of, and have other material adverse effects on, the Company’s common stock and its ability to raise capital.

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, “Basis of Presentation—Going Concern”, management has determined that the Company's liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is considered to be for a period of one year from the issuance of these financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments could be material.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.

The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, and any evolutions thereof. The change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Fair value of financial instruments

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

⮚Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

⮚Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

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⮚Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The carrying amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash , trade accounts receivable, net, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values (Level 1).

The Company carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values of the Company's marketable investments were $1.2 million, respectively, and were reported in other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

Description	Level	March 31, 2023
Liabilities:
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants	1	$	694
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants	2	$	560

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrants was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.

As of March 31, 2023, the liabilities for the Warrants were calculated by multiplying the quoted market price per DPCM Public Warrant of $0.07 by the 17,916,609 Warrants outstanding (see Note 8).

Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs.

Government assistance

The Company receives various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED”) investment tax credit of nil and $0.4 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon entering into the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022, the Company is no longer a Canadian Controlled Private Corporation. As a result, beginning February 7, 2022, Scientific Research and Development investment tax credits can be applied to reduce income taxes payable to the Canadian government. Any investment tax credits that are not realized will be reflected as investment tax credit carryforwards.

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted

No recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted have had a material effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

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Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements or effective during 2023 had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

3. Merger

On August 5, 2022, the Company completed the Merger. Upon the closing of the Merger, the following occurred:

•Each non-redeeming share of DPCM Class A common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.4541326 Common Shares (the “Exchange Ratio”), such that 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A common stock that were not redeemed were exchanged for 1,311,937 Common Shares;

•All outstanding warrants of DPCM were converted into the right to receive Warrants. Each such Warrant is exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares, at any time commencing on September 4, 2022, the date that is 30 days after the completion of the Merger. The number of Common Shares received upon the exercise of Warrants will be rounded down to the nearest whole number of Common Shares;

•3,015,575 shares of DPCM Class B common stock held by Sponsor and DPCM’s officers, directors and other special advisors were converted into Common Shares on a one-for-one basis; and

•Pursuant to an arrangement effected under Part 9, Division 5 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Arrangement”) all holders of outstanding non-redeemable convertible preferred shares of D-Wave Systems received equity interests in D-Wave in exchange for their equity interests in D-Wave Systems. The aggregate consideration paid to former shareholders of D-Wave Systems in connection with the Merger was approximately 99,736,752 Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares (as defined below) (excluding options of D-Wave Systems and warrants of D-Wave Systems).

“Exchangeable Shares” refers to shares in the capital of D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc., or ExchangeCo, an indirect Canadian subsidiary of D-Wave. The Exchangeable Shares are exchangeable from time to time, at the holder’s election, for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

In connection with the Merger and concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, on February 7, 2022, DPCM and the Company entered into separate subscription agreements with a number of investors (each a "PIPE Investor"), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors, a number of Common Shares (the “PIPE Shares”) equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”), such that the PIPE Investors purchased 5,816,528 PIPE Shares in the aggregate. The PIPE Investment closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Merger.

On August 2, 2022, the DPCM shareholders voted to approve the Merger. Management determined that once this vote had occurred, it was probable that D-Wave Quantum Inc. would be required to pay Lincoln Park the Commitment Fee associated with the Purchase Agreement. As such, on August 2, 2022, D-Wave Quantum Inc. incurred a $2.6 million liability payable to Lincoln Park, which was the amount of cash contractually required to settle the Commitment Fee. Other than the Commitment Fee liability, D-Wave Quantum, Inc. had no other assets, liabilities, or operations prior to the Closing Date of August 5, 2022.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, DPCM was treated as the "acquired" company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing shares for the net assets of DPCM, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DPCM were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

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4.    Revenue from contracts with customers

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	1,168	$	1,384
Professional services	406		309
Other revenue	9		20
Total revenue, net	$	1,583	$	1,713
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over the time	$	1,542	$	1,662
Revenue recognized at a point in time	41		51
Total revenue, net	$	1,583	$	1,713

Other revenue includes printed circuit board sales.

The following table presents a summary of revenue by geography for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
United States	$	247	$	777
Japan	308		434
Germany	288		263
United Kingdom	231		—
Other	509		239
Total revenue	$	1,583	$	1,713

"Other" includes rest of Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Canada and Australia where the revenue from a single country is not greater than 10% of total consolidated revenue. The Company has not had any sales in China, Russia or Ukraine.

Significant customers

The Company had significant customers during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. A significant customer is defined as one that comprises up to ten percent or more of total revenues in a particular year or ten percent of outstanding accounts receivable balance as of the year end.

The tables below present the significant customers on a percentage of total revenue basis for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Customer A	15	%	14	%
Customer B	13	%	13	%

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were three and one significant customers that comprised ten percent or more of outstanding accounts receivable balances, respectively.

All revenues derived from major customers above are located in Germany and Europe during the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and the United States and Germany during the three month period ended March 31, 2022.

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Contract balances

The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets:
Trade account receivable	$	542	$	757
Unbilled receivables, included in 'Prepaid expenses and other current assets'	59		58
Total contract assets	601		815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	1,827		1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	9		9
Customer deposit, included in 'Accrued expenses and other current liabilities'	45		45
Total contract liabilities	$	1,881	$	1,835

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,790	$	2,719
Deferral of revenue	1,166		5,325
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,120)		(6,254)
Balance at end of period	$	1,836	$	1,790

Remaining performance obligations

A significant number of the Company’s product and service sales are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

As of March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts was $1.8 million. This amount included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 99% is expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.

As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $1.8 million which included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 99% was expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.

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5.    Balance sheet details

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$	—	$	2,459
Accrued professional services	2,243		1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,392		1,641
Other accruals	211		233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	$	605	$	451
Customer deposit	45		45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,484		1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Related party)	420		420
Transaction costs	2,459		—
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	9,859	$	8,640

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$	348	$	391
Prepaid software	403		559
Prepaid rent	160		96
Prepaid commissions	223		268
Prepaid insurance	871		697
Other	128		89
Other current assets:
Directors and Officers insurance	$	580	$	1,449
Unbilled receivables	59		58
Security deposits	42		36
Receivable research incentives	328		264
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3,142	$	3,907

6.    Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quantum computer systems	$	13,712	$	13,714
Lab equipment	6,686		6,666
Computer equipment	3,583		3,545
Leasehold improvements	1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures	319		319
Construction-in-progress	86		86
Total property and equipment	25,461		25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,420)		(23,111)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,041	$	2,294

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Depreciation expense for the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The Company has not acquired any property and equipment under capital leases.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets, consisting of property and plant, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, amounting to $11.0 million and $11.4 million, respectively, are located in North America, principally in Canada.

7.    Loans payable

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 loans payable consisted of the refundable government loans. The following table shows the component of loans payable (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Loan payable, beginning of period	$	28,941	$	29,844
Financing of Directors and Officers Insurance	—		2,893
Venture Loan	—		20,000
Payments*	(881)		(1,893)
Interest and final fee on Venture Loan	—		1,808
Repayment of the Venture Loan	—		(21,808)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	46		(1,903)
Loan payable, end of period	$	28,106	$	28,941
Discount, beginning of period	$	(19,459)	$	(17,391)
Interest expense	437		2,483
Non-cash interest income from SIF	—		(5,673)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	(34)		1,122
Total discount, end of period	$	(19,056)	$	(19,459)
Total loans payable, end of period	$	9,050	$	9,482
Short-term portion	790		1,671
Long-term portion	8,260		7,811
Total loans payable	$	9,050	$	9,482

*For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company paid $0.9 million for Directors and Officers Insurance. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $1.5 million for Directors and Officers Insurance and $0.4 million for the repayment of the Technology Partnerships Canada loan.

SIF Loan

On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement (the "SIF Loan") with the Strategic Innovation Fund ("SIF"), whereby SIF agreed to make a repayable contribution to the Company of up to C$40.0 million (the "Contribution”). Funds from the SIF Loan are to be used for projects involving the adaption of research findings for commercial applications that have the potential for market disruption; development of current product and services through the implementation of new or incremental technology that will enhance the Company’s competitive capability; and development of process improvements which reduce the environmental footprint of current production through the use of new or improved technologies.

The annual repayment of the Contribution is calculated based upon a formula using the Company’s fiscal year revenue multiplied by a repayment rate. The contractual repayment period is 15 years and commences in the first year in which the Company reports annual revenue of $70.0 million (the “Benchmark Year”). In each of those years, an annual repayment amount is due. Each annual repayment must be paid by April 30 of the year following the year for which the annual repayment due will be calculated. If the Benchmark Year is not achieved within 14 years following the fiscal year in which the project is completed, the SIF Loan is forgiven. The SIF Loan is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently at amortized cost. As the Contribution is interest free, the difference between the carrying value and initial fair value is recorded as government assistance on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The initial fair value of the SIF Loan is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis for the loan, which requires a number of assumptions. The significant assumptions used in determining the discounted cash flows include estimating the amount and timing of future revenue for the Company and the appropriate discount rate. In determining the

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appropriate discount rates, the Company considered the weighted average cost of capital for the Company, risk adjusted based on the development risks of the Company’s product. Management used a discount rate of 26% to discount the SIF Loan. Should projected revenue not be achieved as predicted, the adjustment to the fair value of the SIF Loan could be material. At March 31, 2023, the carrying value of the loan approximates its fair value.

Repayments of the SIF contributions could also be triggered upon default of the agreement, or termination of the agreement, or upon a change of control that has not been approved by the Canadian government. The Canadian government approved the transaction with DPCM conditionally on May 9, 2022, with all conditions being satisfied on the closing date of the Merger.

8.    Warrant liabilities

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company assumed 10,000,000 DPCM public warrants and 8,000,000 DPCM private warrants. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no DPCM public or private warrants were exercised.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company has 17,916,609 Warrants outstanding. As part of the Merger, as described in Note 3 - Merger, each DPCM Public Warrant and Private Warrant that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger was automatically and irrevocably converted into one D-Wave Quantum warrant. The Warrants are subject to the terms and conditions of the warrant agreement entered into between DPCM, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (the “Warrant Agreement Amendment” as specified in the Transaction Agreement).

Each such Warrant will be exercisable at an exercise price of $11.50 for 1.4541326 Common Shares, or an approximate exercise price per Common Share of $7.91, subject to adjustments. The Warrants may be exercised for a whole number of shares of the Company. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Warrants. The Warrants will expire on August 5, 2027, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants except that the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

    • in whole and not in part;

    • at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Common Share;

    • if, and only if, the last reported sales price of the shares of the Common Shares for any twenty (20) trading days within the thirty (30) trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which a notice of redemption is given equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like) (the "Reference Value");

    • if the Reference Value is less than $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like), the Private Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above; and

    • if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given, or an exemption from registration is available.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the Warrant Agreement Amendment. The exercise price and number of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of the Common Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.

For details of the D-Wave Systems legacy warrants, classified as equity, refer to Note 11 - Commitments and contingencies.

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9.    Related party

Promissory notes

In 2022, DPCM and one of its affiliates entered into two unsecured promissory notes of up to $1.0 million each with the Sponsor (the "DPCM Notes"). The purpose of the DPCM Notes was to provide DPCM with additional working capital. All amounts drawn on the DPCM Notes were provided directly to DPCM. The DPCM Notes are not convertible and bear no interest. The principal balance of the DPCM Notes was originally due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which DPCM consummates its initial business combination, or the date that the winding up of DPCM is effective. As of March 31, 2023, a total of $0.4 million has been drawn on the DPCM Notes.

In connection with the Merger, the DPCM Notes were assumed by the Company and were amended and restated effective December 31, 2022. The amended and restated notes have identical terms as the DPCM Notes except that the Company must pay the principal balance in equal installments on December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023.

In February 2023, these DPCM Notes were further amended and restated such that the Company must pay the principal balance in equal installments, the first of which was paid on April 30, 2023, and the remaining to be paid on June 30, 2023, August 31, 2023 and October 31, 2023.

The execution of the amended and restated DPCM Notes are related party transactions as these notes are payable to affiliates of the Company.

Short swing profit settlement

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $0.2 million related to the short swing profit settlement remitted by a shareholder of the Company under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company recognized the proceeds as an increase to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023, and in the condensed consolidated statements of stockholder's (deficit) equity, as well as in cash provided by financial activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

10.    Stock-based compensation

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation is associated with stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP").

Common stock option activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

	Number of options outstanding	Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	15,387,546	$	1.76	7.12	$	8,763
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(672,583)	0.81			40
Forfeited	(45,731)	1.14
Expired	(26,821)	0.81
Balance as of March 31, 2023	14,642,411	$	1.72	7.45
Options exercisable as of March 31, 2023	11,919,869	$	1.02	6.67
Options unvested as of March 31, 2023	3,544,841	$	3.84	8.75

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options was calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the estimated fair value of the Common Shares for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Common Shares.

As of March 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants was approximately $6.4 million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.18 years.

The total fair values of the stock options vested during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1.2 million and $0.5 million respectively.

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Restricted stock unit awards

On January 5, 2023 and March 27, 2023, the Company granted 143,000 and 3,349,520 RSUs to certain of its employees, respectively, under the 2022 Plan. The RSUs granted are subject to a service condition, and the RSUs will vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date, and then 6.25% each quarter subsequent to the first anniversary for twelve quarters. There were no RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the RSU activity and related information under the 2022 Plan:

	Number of Outstanding	Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	8,143,304	$	5.69
Granted	3,492,520	0.54
Forfeited	(130,619)	—
Vested	—	—
Unvested as of March 31, 2023	11,505,205	$	4.11
Expected to vest as of March 31, 2023	10,644,546	$	4.15

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the weighted-average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted was $0.54. There were no RSUs vested during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the RSUs was $36.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.85 years.

Employment Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2022, the Company established the 2022 ESPP. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the ESPP was initially 8,036,455. The number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP automatically increases each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2023 and each January 1 thereafter ending on January 1, 2032, by the lesser of (i) 1,607,291 shares of common stock, or (ii) 1.0% of the aggregate number of (i) shares of common stock outstanding and (ii) securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of common stock (whether vested or unvested) outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year. stock. As of March 31, 2023, the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the ESPP is 8,036,455. As of March 31, 2023, no shares of common stock have been issued under the ESPP.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $0.1 million. Of the total stock-based compensation expense recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023, $5 thousand was classified as cost of revenue, $21 thousand was classified as general and administrative, $4 thousand was classified as sales and marketing, and $0.1 million was classified as research and development within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	377	$	32
Research and development	2,760		60
General and administrative	3,294		629
Sales and marketing	324		62
Total stock-based compensation	$	6,755	$	783

11.    Commitments and contingencies

D-Wave Systems Warrant Transaction Agreements

In November 2020, contemporaneously with a revenue arrangement, D-Wave Systems entered into a contract, pursuant to which D-Wave Systems agreed to cancel a previously issued warrant with a customer and replace it with a warrant to acquire up to 3,247,637 shares of its Class A Preferred Shares (the “ Warrant Preferred Shares”), subject to certain vesting requirements. As the warrant was issued in connection with an existing commercial agreement with a

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customer, the value of the warrant was determined to be consideration payable to the customer and consequently will be treated as a reduction to revenue recognized under the corresponding revenue arrangement. Approximately 40% of the previously issued warrants had vested and became immediately exercisable on August 13, 2020. The remaining Warrant Preferred Shares will vest and become exercisable upon satisfaction of certain milestones based on revenue generated under the commercial agreement with the customer, to the extent certain prepayments are made by the customer.

As of March 31, 2023, these revenue-based milestones have yet to be met. The fair value of the Warrant Preferred Shares at the date of issuance was determined to be $1.1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no Warrant Preferred Shares were vested or probable of vesting.

Leases

The Company primarily enters into leases for office space that are classified as operating leases. During the three months ended March 31, 2023,and 2022, total lease cost, composed primarily of the costs related to operating leases, was $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business and may be subject to third-party infringement claims.

In the normal course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify third parties with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or covenants, other third-party claims that the Company’s products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under these indemnification obligations due to the Company’s limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim.

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was not subject to any material litigation or pending litigation claims.

12.    Net loss per share

As a result of the Merger (see Note 3), for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company has retroactively adjusted the weighted average shares outstanding prior to August 5, 2022 to give effect to the Conversion Ratio used to determine the number of Common Shares into which they were converted.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(24,608)	$	(11,657)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	123,144,097		125,385,841
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.09)

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s potentially dilutive securities were stock options, the Warrant Shares, and the Public Warrants and Private Warrants.

Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

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Potentially dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Public Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	14,420,065	—
Private Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	11,633,061	—
D-Wave Systems Warrant Shares as converted to Common Shares (Note 11)	2,889,282	2,889,282
Options to purchase common stock as converted to Common Shares	13,026,724	13,784,912
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	617,972
Total	41,969,132	17,292,166

13.    Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated all events occurring through May 19, 2023, the date on which the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, and during which time, nothing has occurred outside the normal course of business operations that would require disclosure except the following:

Term Loan

On April 13, 2023, the Company entered into the Term Loan and Security Agreement, by and between the Company and PSPIB (the "Term Loan"). Under the Term Loan, term loans in aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million are to be made available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions (refer to Note 2 - Basis of presentation). The first tranche, in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million was advanced on April 14, 2023 with the second and third tranches, of $15.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, to be made available to the Company subject to certain conditions.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

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D-WAVE QUANTUM INC.'S MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion is intended to assist you in understanding our present business and the results of operations together with our present financial condition. This section should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes contained in (Part I, Item I of this Report), as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2023. In this section, unless otherwise specified, the terms “we”, “our”, “us”, D-Wave" or the "Company" refer to D-Wave Quantum Inc. and its subsidiaries following the closing of the Merger on August 5, 2022 (the "Closing") while "D-Wave Systems" refers to D-Wave Systems Inc. prior to the Closing. All other capitalized terms have the meanings ascribed thereto elsewhere in this Report. All dollar amounts are expressed in thousands of United States dollars (“$”), unless otherwise indicated.

Overview

We are a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and web-based access to our superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through our cloud service, LeapTM. Historically, we have developed our own annealing superconducting quantum computer and associated software, and our current generation quantum system is the AdvantageTM system. We are a leader in the development and delivery of quantum computing systems, software and services, and we are the world’s first commercial supplier of quantum computers. Our business model is focused primarily on generating revenue from providing customers access to our quantum computing systems via the cloud in the form of QCaaS products, and from providing professional services wherein we assist our customers in identifying and implementing quantum computing applications.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized revenue from our cloud and professional services of $1.6 million and $1.7 million, respectively. We have incurred significant operating losses since inception. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, our net loss was $24.6 million and $11.7 million, respectively. We expect to continue to incur significant losses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in a number of research and development programs as well as a variety of go-to-market initiatives. As of March 31, 2023, we had an accumulated deficit of $401.4 million.

Recent developments

On June 16, 2022, we entered into the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase up to $150.0 million of Common Shares through the Purchase Agreement (subject to certain limitations contained in the Purchase Agreement) from time to time over a 36-month period, to assist us in meeting our capital requirements. However, we may not sell any Common Shares to Lincoln Park unless and until the price of our Common Shares exceeds the Floor Price of $1.00.

Since February 14, 2023, our stock price has closed each day below the $1.00 Floor Price. The resale of our Common Shares by Lincoln Park related to the Purchase Agreement was registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC, declared effective by the SEC on October 26, 2022, (the "First LP Registration Statement").

On February 13, 2023 we filed a registration statement with the SEC (the "Second LP Registration Statement") to register the sale of additional shares related to the Purchase Agreement. The Second LP Registration Statement is not yet effective.

Our future results of consolidated operations and financial position may not be comparable to historical results as a result of the Merger.

Macroeconomic Environment

Unfavorable conditions in the economy in the United States, Canada and abroad, including conditions resulting from changes in gross domestic product growth, labor shortages, supply chain disruptions, inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, financial and credit market fluctuations, banking collapses and related uncertainty, international trade relations, political turmoil, natural catastrophes, outbreaks of contagious diseases, warfare and terrorist attacks on the United States, Europe or elsewhere, including military actions affecting Russia, Ukraine or elsewhere, could cause a decrease in business investments on our products and negatively affect the growth of our business and our results of operations.

Key Components of Results of Operations

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Revenue

We currently generate our revenue through subscription sales to access our Quantum Computing as a Service ("QCaaS") cloud platform; professional services that include problem evaluation, proof of concept, and pilot application phases; training on our quantum computing systems; and the sale of printed circuit boards. QCaaS revenue is recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term, which generally ranges from one month to two years. Professional services revenue is recognized based on the terms of the contract, or based upon the ratio that incurred costs bear to total estimated contract costs. Other revenue is not material and is recognized upon completion. Our contracts with our customers do not, at any time, provide the customer with the right to take possession of the software that runs our cloud platform.

We expect that there will be a decrease in our cloud based recurring QCaaS revenue as a percentage of total revenue in 2023 when compared to 2022 due to increased demand for professional services engagements. In subsequent periods, we expect that the general trend will be for QCaaS revenue as a percentage of total revenue to increase due to an increasing number of QCaaS agreements being driven by the completion of professional services engagements yielding production applications that require QCaaS services, as well as by customers that choose to access our Leap cloud service without utilizing our professional services organization.

Cost of Revenue

Our cost of revenue consists of all direct and indirect expenses related to providing our QCaaS offering and delivering our professional services, personnel-related expenses, including stock-based compensation, and costs associated with maintaining the cloud platform on which the QCaaS resides. The cost of revenue also includes depreciation and amortization related to our quantum computing systems and related software.

We expect our total cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods, corresponding to our anticipated growth in revenue and employee headcount to support our customers and to maintain the QCaaS cloud offering, manufacturing operations, and the field service organization. Because the costs of delivering our QCaaS cloud offering are less than the costs for our professional services, we anticipate that an increase of QCaaS revenue will increase our gross margin in the longer term.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of research and development, general and administrative, and sales and marketing expenses.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel, fabrication costs, lab supplies, and cloud computing resources and allocated facility costs for our research and development functions. Unlike a standard computer, design and development efforts continue throughout the useful life of our quantum computing systems to ensure proper calibration and optimal functionality. Research and development expenses also include purchased hardware components, fabrication and software costs related to quantum computing systems constructed for research purposes that do not have a high probability of providing near-term future economic benefits, and may have no alternate future use. We currently do not capitalize any research and development expenses.

We expect our research and development expenses will increase on an absolute dollar basis for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in research and development efforts to enhance the performance of our annealing quantum computers, to complete the development of our gate model quantum computer, broaden the functionality of our QCaaS cloud platform, and improve the reliability, availability and scalability of our cloud platform. In addition, research and development costs could increase in absolute dollars if we do not receive government grants and research incentives, which have historically offset a portion of these costs.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel and outside professional services expenses including legal, audit and accounting services, insurance, other administrative expenses and allocated facility costs for our administrative functions.

We expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as a result of operating as a public company. In particular, we expect our legal, accounting, tax, personnel-related expenses and directors’ and officers’ insurance costs reported within general and administrative expenses to increase as we establish more comprehensive compliance and governance functions, increased IT security and compliance, expanded internal controls over financial reporting in accordance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and prepare and distribute periodic reports as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC.

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Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation for personnel, direct advertising, marketing and promotional material costs, sales commission expense, consulting fees and allocated facility costs for our sales and marketing functions. We intend to continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization to drive additional revenue, expand our global customer base, and broaden our brand awareness. We expect our sales and marketing expenses to continue to increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future.

Other income (expense), net

Our other income (expense), net is primarily comprised of change in fair value of warrant liabilities assumed by D-Wave as part of the Merger (see Note 8 included in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included elsewhere in this Report), interest expense on the SIF Loan and other miscellaneous income and expense unrelated to our core operations.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the periods indicated (in thousands):

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Revenue	$	1,583	$	1,713
Cost of revenue	1,162		616
Total gross profit	421		1,097
Operating expenses:
Research and development	10,915		6,802
General and administrative	11,296		3,646
Sales and marketing	2,900		1,600
Total operating expenses	25,111		12,048
Loss from operations	(24,690)		(10,951)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense	(454)		(525)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	638		—
Other income (expense), net	(102)		(181)
Total other income (expense), net	$	82	$	(706)
Net loss	$	(24,608)	$	(11,657)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(19)		(70)
Net comprehensive loss	$	(24,627)	$	(11,727)

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

Revenue

Revenue decreased $0.1 million, or 8%, to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $1.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in revenue was primarily driven by lower QCaaS revenue due to non-renewal for several customer contracts that were partially replaced with new customer contracts.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue increased $0.5 million, or 89%, to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in cost of revenue was driven primarily by:

•An increase in personnel-related costs of $0.3 million related to higher salaries; and

•An increase of $0.3 million related to stock-based compensation expense.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

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	Three months ended March 31,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Research and development	$	10,915	$	6,802	$	4,113	60	%

Research and development expenses increased by $4.1 million, or 60% to $10.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $6.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of our continuous efforts to broaden the functionality of our QCaaS cloud platform and improve the reliability, availability and scalability of our cloud platform. In particular, our personnel-related expenses increased of $3.1 million (including $2.7 million related to stock-based compensation expense), and our wafer fabrication costs increased $0.9 million due to higher activity demands and production rates.

Our research and development expenses also increased $0.4 million as a result of a reduction in Scientific Research and Experimental Development expenditure credits during the year due to the Company’s loss of Canadian Controlled Private Corporation ("CCPC") status after becoming a public company.

General and Administrative Expenses

	Three months ended March 31,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
General and administrative	$	11,296	$	3,646	$	7,650	210	%

General and administrative expenses increased $7.7 million, or 210%, to $11.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of operating as a public company. In particular, our third-party professional services from legal, accounting, and tax increased $2.8 million, our personnel-related expenses increased $3.5 million (including $2.7 million related to stock-based compensation expense), along with an increase of $0.8 million in Directors and Officers insurance costs and increase of $0.3 million in SEC filing fees.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

	Three months ended March 31,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Sales and marketing	$	2,900	$	1,600	$	1,300	81	%

Sales and marketing expenses increased $1.3 million, or 81%, to $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase was primarily a result of our efforts in expanding and broadening our brand awareness through conference and travel costs that increased $0.6 million, through hiring as our personnel-related expenses increased $0.5 million (including $0.3 million related to stock-based compensation expense), and through an increase of $0.2 million in investments in our sales and marketing organization.

Other Income (Expense), net

Interest Expense

	Three months ended March 31,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Interest expense	$	454	$	525	$	(71)	(14)	%

Interest expense decreased $0.1 million or 14%, to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. A decrease of $0.2 million was due to a lower debt balance in the current period compared to the prior period due to the repayment of the $21.8 million Venture Loan and final payment fee on August 5, 2022. The remaining decrease of $0.1 million was due to a decrease in the principal balance of our SIF Loan.

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

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	Three months ended March 31,				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities	$	638	$	—	$	638	100	%

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities increased by $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to nil for the three months ended March 31, 2022. In August 2022, we assumed the warrant liabilities from DPCM as part of the Merger. See Note 3 and Note 8 of our condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended March 31, 2023 included elsewhere in this Form 10-Q for details regarding our warrants.

Other income (expense), net

	Three months ended - March 31st				Change
(In thousands, except percentages)	2023		2022		Amount		%
Other income (expense), net	$	(102)	$	(181)	$	79	(44)	%

Other income (expense), increased $0.1 million to $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $0.2 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a $0.1 million decrease in foreign exchange loss.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have incurred net losses and experienced negative cash flows from operations since inception. To date, our primary sources of capital have been through private placements of convertible preferred shares, private placements of common stock revenue from the sale of our products and services, government assistance and debt financing. During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we incurred net losses of $24.6 million and $11.7 million, respectively. We expect to incur additional losses and higher operating expenses for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in research and development and go-to-market programs. We have determined that additional financing will be required to fund our operations for the next 12 months and our ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon obtaining additional capital and financing.

Our primary uses of cash are to fund our operations as we continue to grow our business. We will require a significant amount of cash for expenditures as we invest in ongoing research and development and business operations. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from sales of our QCaaS offering and our professional services, we expect to finance our cash needs through public and/or private equity (including sales pursuant to the Purchase Agreement) and/or debt financings or other capital sources, including strategic partnerships. However, we may be unable to raise sufficient funds or enter into such other arrangements, when needed, on favorable terms, or at all. In particular, uncertain and unfavorable conditions in the United States and global macroeconomic environment, including inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, banking collapses, and financial and credit market fluctuations, could reduce our ability to access capital on favorable terms, or at all. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the ownership interest of our stockholders will be, or could be, diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of our common stockholders. Debt financing and equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we may be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development and go-to-market efforts.

We are not currently in compliance with, and may be unable to regain and/or maintain compliance with, certain continued listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). If we are unable to cure any event of noncompliance with any continued listing standard of the NYSE within the applicable timeframe and other parameters set forth by the NYSE, or if we fail to maintain compliance with certain continued listing standards that do not provide for a cure period, it will result in the delisting of our common stock from the NYSE, which could negatively impact the trading price, trading volume and liquidity of, and have other material adverse effects on, our common stock and our ability to raise capital. For additional information refer to Item 1A. Risk Factors titled "If we are unable for any reason to meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE, such action or inaction could result in a delisting of our securities" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC on April 18, 2023.

As of March 31, 2023, we have 17,916,609 Warrants outstanding, each Warrant being exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares of the Company at an exercise price of $11.50. Whether warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds we would receive upon exercise, is dependent upon the trading price of the Common Shares. Therefore, if and when the trading price of the Common Shares is less than approximately $7.91, the

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effective exercise price of the Warrants per one Common Share we expect that warrant holders will not exercise their Warrants. Our Common Shares have closed below $7.91 since October 11, 2022. Therefore, we do not expect warrant holders to exercise their Warrants in the short-term and as such we do not expect to rely on the cash exercise of Warrants to fund our operations. Instead, we intend to rely on other sources of cash discussed below to continue to fund our operations. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings when needed, we will be required to delay, limit, or substantially reduce our quantum computing development and go-to-market efforts.

Term Loan and Security Agreement

On April 13, 2023, we entered into the Term Loan, by and between us and PSIPB as the lender. Under the Term Loan, loans in aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million are to be made available to us in three tranches, subject certain terms and conditions.

The first tranche, in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million was advanced on April 14, 2023 with second and third tranches, of $15.0 million and $20.0 million respectively, to be made available to us subject to certain conditions. Prior to PSPIB's advance of the first tranche, the Company satisfied several closing conditions including the provision of a cash flow forecast and the board of directors' retention of an advisor. The second tranche, that shall be available to us as of July 12, 2023, is subject to us providing the Lender with an IP valuation report, a board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027, and SIF’s consent to the grant of security interests in the project intellectual property associated with the SIF Loan. The third tranche, that shall be available to us as of October 10, 2023, is subject to us closing a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, and the IP valuation report and board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 remaining satisfactory to the Lender. Each tranche is subject to a 2.0% drawdown fee and the Term Loan matures on March 31, 2027. The initial $15.0 million tranche is expected to provide the Company with sufficient cash runway until the second $15.0 million tranche, assuming it is received when available on July 12, 2023. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the second and third tranches.

At our discretion, the Term Loan bears interest on a monthly basis at either (i) 10.0% payable in cash, or (ii) 11.0% payable in kind (PIK), with the latter added to the principal value of the Term Loan.

The Term Loan requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan in addition to a premium payment equal to 10.0% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender.

Upon the repayment or prepayment of the Term Loan, there is a prepayment premium due to the Lender that is equal to 3.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid prior to the first anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan, 2.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid after the first anniversary and before the second anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan, 1.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid after the second anniversary and before the third anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan and no prepayment premium due thereafter.

The Term Loan is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of our assets and contains certain operational and financial covenants and terminates in March 2027.

Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company received $15.7 million in proceeds through the issuance of 13,239,654 Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement.

To the extent that sufficient capital is not obtained through the cash received in connection with the Term Loan and the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the issuance of additional debt and/or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that D-Wave will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms. The issuance of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to the currently outstanding Common Shares. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit D-Wave’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders.

Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of available funds will depend on many factors, including those set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors" in this Report.

Cash Flows

The following table sets forth our cash flows for the periods indicated (in thousands):

Three months ended March,
2023	2022

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Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating Activities	$	(13,574)	$	(9,509)
Investing Activities	(76)		(144)
Financing Activities	15,592		17,872
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(19)		(41)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	1,923	$	8,178

Cash Flows Used in Operating Activities

Our cash flows from operating activities are significantly affected by the growth of our business, and are primarily related to research and development, sales and marketing and general and administrative activities. Our operating cash flows are also affected by our working capital needs to support growth in personnel-related expenditures and fluctuations in accounts payable, accounts receivable and other current assets and liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $13.6 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $24.6 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $0.5 million in depreciation and amortization, including amortization of operating right of use assets, $6.8 million in stock-based compensation, $0.6 million in change in fair value of public and private warrants, $0.4 million in interest on government loans and $3.9 million in working capital adjustments.

Net cash used in operating activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $9.5 million, resulting primarily from a net loss of $11.7 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $0.6 million in depreciation and amortization including amortization of operating right of use assets, $0.8 million in stock-based compensation, $0.5 million in interest on government loans, $0.5 million in other non-cash activities and $0.3 million in working capital adjustments.

Cash Flows Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $0.1 million, representing additions of $0.1 million in property and equipment and $12 thousand in software primarily related to the development and upgrade of our quantum computing systems.

Net cash used in investing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $0.1 million representing additions of $0.1 million in property and equipment and software primarily related to the development of our quantum computing systems.

Cash Flows Provided by Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $15.6 million, primarily reflecting proceeds from the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement of $15.7 million, stock option exercise proceeds of $0.5 million, and shareholder settlement proceeds of $0.2 million, partially offset by payments for Directors and Officers Insurance of $0.9 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $17.9 million, primarily reflecting net proceeds received from the Venture Loan for $14.7 million, and net proceeds received from the SIF Loan for $3.2 million.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

As of March 31, 2023, there have been no material changes with regard to contractual obligations from those disclosed in our "Management's Discussion and Analysis on Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 of our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for more information regarding recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

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During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were no material changes from the market risk disclosures in Part II, Item 7A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In accordance with the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2023. Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, due to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting specifically related to D-Wave’s control environment in relation to our financial statement close process (i.e., lack of sufficient accounting and financial reporting personnel with requisite knowledge and experience in the application of complex areas of GAAP and SEC rules to facilitate accurate and timely financial reporting and to perform sufficient review over certain financial statement areas), as previously disclosed in Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the end of the period covered by this Report.

Notwithstanding the material weakness described above, we have concluded that our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are fairly stated in all material respects in accordance with U.S. GAAP for the periods presented therein.

Remediation Efforts on Previously Reported Material Weakness

We are implementing measures designed to improve our internal controls over financial reporting to remediate this material weakness including adding additional qualified accounting personnel with experience with complex GAAP and SEC rules, engaging consultants to assist with the financial statement close process, and segregating duties among accounting personnel to enable adequate review controls. The primary costs associated with such measures are corresponding recruiting and additional salary and consulting costs, which are difficult to estimate at this time but which may be significant. These additional resources and procedures are intended to enable us to broaden the scope and quality of our internal review of underlying information related to financial reporting and to formalize and enhance our internal control procedures.

The material weakness will not be considered remediated until our remediation plan has been fully implemented, the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time, and we have concluded, through testing, that the newly implemented and enhanced controls are operating effectively. We are continuing to work on the implementation of our remediation plan, following which we will continue to test such controls over time.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Other than the ongoing remediation to address the material weakness described above, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act), during the three months ended March 31, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

31

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

To the knowledge of our management, there is no litigation currently pending or contemplated against us, any of our officers or directors in their capacity as such or against any of our property.

From time to time, we may become involved in legal proceedings relating to claims arising from the ordinary course of business. Our management believes that there are currently no claims or actions pending against us, the ultimate disposition of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those results in this report are any of the risks described in the section entitled "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Any of these factors could result in a significant or material adverse effect on our results of operations or financial condition. Additional risk factors not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business or results of operations. As of the date of this Report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors applicable to D-Wave and its business previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. We may, however, disclose changes to such factors or disclose additional factors from time to time in our future filings with the SEC.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

The documents listed below are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, in each case as indicated therein (numbered in accordance pursuant to Item 601 of Regulation S-K).

Exhibit No.	Description	Incorporated by Reference Exhibits
		Filer	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
10.1!	Thirteenth Amendment, dated March 1, 2023, between D-Wave Systems Inc. and SkyWater Technology Foundry, Inc. to the Agreement for Semiconductor Line Operation, dated as of December 23, 2012, by and between Cypress Semiconductor Corporation and D-Wave Systems Inc., as amended and assigned to Sky Water Technology Foundry, Inc.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	8-K	10.1	March 3, 2023
10.2!	Loan and Security Agreement, dated as of April 13, 2023, by and among PSPIB Unitas Investments II, Inc., D-Wave Quantum Inc., and its subsidiaries.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	8-K	10.1	April 19, 2023
10.3	Amendment No. 2 to Agreement, dated as of April 19, 2023, between D-Wave Quantum Inc., D-Wave Systems Inc., and His Majesty the King in Right of Canada as represented by the Minister of Industry.	D-Wave Quantum Inc.	8-K	10.1	April 24, 2023
31.1*	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32

31.2*	Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1#	Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2#	Certification of the Principal Financial and Accounting Officer pursuant to U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS *	Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Schema Document
101.CAL *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE *	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document
104*	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

* Filed herewith.

! Certain portions of this exhibit (indicated by “[*****]”) have been redacted pursuant to Regulation S-K, Item 601(a)(6).

# The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

33

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	D-Wave Quantum Inc.
May 19, 2023	By:	/s/ Alan Baratz
		Alan Baratz
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
	By:	/s/ John M. Markovich
		John M. Markovich
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

34

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Alan Baratz, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of D-Wave Quantum Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 19, 2023	By:	/s/ Alan Baratz
		Alan Baratz
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF

THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, John M. Markovich, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of D-Wave Quantum Inc.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13-a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

c)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated: May 19, 2023	By:	/s/ John M. Markovich
		John M. Markovich
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of D-Wave Quantum Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Alan Baratz, President & Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Dated: May 19, 2023	By:	/s/ Alan Baratz
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AND ACCOUNTING OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of D-Wave Quantum Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2023 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John M. Markovich, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and

2.The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Dated: May 19, 2023	By:	/s/ John M. Markovich
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	May 17, 2023
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Mar. 31, 2023
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-41468
Entity Registrant Name	D-WAVE QUANTUM INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	88-1068854
Entity Address, Address Line One	3033 Beta Avenue
Entity Address, City or Town	Burnaby
Entity Address, State or Province	BC
Entity Address, Country	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	V5G 4M9
City Area Code	604
Local Phone Number	630-1428
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		80,600,419
Entity Central Index Key	0001907982
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Amendment Flag	false
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	QBTS
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants, each whole warrant exercisable for 1.4541326 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50
Trading Symbol	QBTS.WT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash	$ 8,988	$ 7,065
Trade accounts receivable, net	542	757
Inventories	2,240	2,196
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	3,142	3,907
Total current assets	14,912	13,925
Property and equipment, net	2,041	2,294
Operating lease right-of-use assets	8,927	9,133
Intangible assets, net	228	244
Other noncurrent assets	1,351	1,351
Total assets	27,459	26,947
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable	5,608	3,756
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	9,859	8,640
Loans payable, current	790	1,671
Deferred revenue, current	1,827	1,781
Total current liabilities	18,084	15,848
Warrant liabilities	1,254	1,892
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	7,165	7,301
Loans payable, noncurrent	8,260	7,811
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	9	9
Total liabilities	34,772	32,861
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders' (deficit) equity:
Common stock par value $0.0001 per share; 675,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 127,173,552 shares and 113,335,530 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.	12	11
Additional paid-in capital	404,501	381,274
Accumulated deficit	(401,405)	(376,797)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(10,421)	(10,402)
Total stockholders' (deficit) equity	(7,313)	(5,914)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$ 27,459	$ 26,947
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	675,000,000	675,000,000

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized (in shares)	675,000,000	675,000,000
Common stock, issued (in shares)	127,173,552	113,335,530
Common stock, outstanding (in shares)	127,173,552	113,335,530

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Income Statement [Abstract]
Revenue		$ 1,583	$ 1,713
Cost of revenue		1,162	616
Total gross profit		421	1,097
Operating expenses:
Research and development		10,915	6,802
General and administrative		11,296	3,646
Sales and marketing		2,900	1,600
Total operating expenses		25,111	12,048
Loss from operations		(24,690)	(10,951)
Other income (expense), net:
Interest expense		(454)	(525)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities		638	0
Other income (expense), net		(102)	(181)
Total other income (expense), net		82	(706)
Net loss		$ (24,608)	$ (11,657)
Net loss per share, basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.20)	$ (0.09)
Net loss per share, diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.20)	$ (0.09)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, basic (in shares)	[1]	123,144,097	125,385,841
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share, diluted (in shares)	[1]	123,144,097	125,385,841
Comprehensive loss:
Net loss		$ (24,608)	$ (11,657)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		(19)	(70)
Net comprehensive loss		$ (24,627)	$ (11,727)

[1] Weighted-average shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

XML

Condensed consolidated statements of stockholders’ (deficit) equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total		Previously Reported	Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock		Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock Previously Reported	Non-redeemable convertible preferred stock Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Common stock		Common stock Previously Reported	Common stock Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Additional paid-in capital		Additional paid-in capital Previously Reported	Additional paid-in capital Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Accumulated deficit		Accumulated deficit Previously Reported	Accumulated deficit Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment	Accumulated other comprehensive loss		Accumulated other comprehensive loss Previously Reported	Accumulated other comprehensive loss Revision of Prior Period, Adjustment
Preferred stock, balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021					122,564,333	[1]	137,765,828	(15,201,495)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2021									2,817,498	[1]	3,166,949	(349,451)
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	$ 3,020	[1]	$ 3,020	$ 0	$ 189,881	[1]	$ 189,881	$ 0	$ 0	[1]	$ 2,610	$ (2,610)	$ 148,850	[1]	$ 146,240	$ 2,610	$ (325,268)	[1]	$ (325,268)	$ 0	$ (10,443)	[1]	$ (10,443)	$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options (in shares)									8,768
Exercise of stock options	7												7
Stock-based compensation	783												783
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(70)																				(70)
Net loss	(11,657)																(11,657)
Preferred stock, balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022					122,564,333
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2022									2,826,266
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	$ (7,917)				$ 189,881				$ 0				149,640				(336,925)				(10,513)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	113,335,530								113,335,530
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ (5,914)								$ 11				381,274				(376,797)				(10,402)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options (in shares)	672,583								598,368
Exercise of stock options	$ 546												546
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Purchase Agreement (in shares)									13,239,654
Issuance of common stock in connection with the Purchase Agreement	15,683								$ 1				15,682
Stock-based compensation	6,755												6,755
Short swing profit settlement	244												244
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	(19)																				(19)
Net loss	$ (24,608)																(24,608)
Common stock, balance (in shares) at Mar. 31, 2023	127,173,552								127,173,552
Balance at Mar. 31, 2023	$ (7,313)								$ 12				$ 404,501				$ (401,405)				$ (10,421)

[1] Shares of legacy non-redeemable convertible preferred stock and legacy common stock have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

XML

Condensed consolidated statements of cash flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (24,608)	$ (11,657)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	339	412
Stock-based compensation	6,755	783
Amortization of operating right of use assets	206	227
Non-cash interest expense	437	525
Change in fair value of Warrant liabilities	(638)	0
Other non-cash activities	44	527
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable	215	(321)
Inventories	(59)	(205)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	767	(1,952)
Trade accounts payable	1,858	(395)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	1,214	2,936
Deferred revenue	46	(163)
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion	(150)	(226)
Net cash used in operating activities	(13,574)	(9,509)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(64)	(123)
Purchase of software	(12)	(21)
Net cash used in investing activities	(76)	(144)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement	15,683	0
Proceeds from government assistance	0	3,178
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	546	7
Proceeds from debt financing	0	14,700
Debt payments	(881)	(13)
Short swing profit settlement	244	0
Net cash provided by financing activities	15,592	17,872
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(19)	(41)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	1,923	8,178
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	7,065	9,483	$ 9,483
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	8,988	17,661	$ 7,065
Supplemental disclosure of noncash investing and financial activities:
Unpaid deferred costs	$ 0	$ 3,734

XML

Description of business

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Description of business

Description of business

D-Wave Quantum Inc. ("D-Wave" or the “Company”) was incorporated under the General Corporation Law of the State of the Delaware on January 24, 2022. The Company was formed for the purpose of effecting a merger between DPCM Capital, Inc. (“DPCM”), D-Wave Systems Inc. (“D-Wave Systems”), and certain other affiliated entities through a series of transactions (the “Merger”) pursuant to the definitive agreement entered into on February 7, 2022 (the “Transaction Agreement”). On August 5, 2022, in conjunction with the Merger, DPCM and D-Wave Systems became wholly-owned subsidiaries of, and are operated by, the Company. Upon the completion of the Merger, the Company succeeded to all of the operations of its predecessor, D-Wave Systems.

D-Wave is a commercial quantum computing company that provides customers with a full suite of professional services and web-based access to its superconducting quantum computer systems and integrated software environment through its cloud service, LeapTM. Historically, the Company has developed its own annealing superconducting quantum computer and associated software, and its current generation quantum system is the AdvantageTM system.

D-Wave has three operating facilities, which it leases, in North America. These facilities are located in Burnaby, British Columbia, Richmond, British Columbia, and Palo Alto, California.

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but certain notes or other information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been omitted if they substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the Company's annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, balance sheet, and cash flows. Interim results should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC.

The condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three month periods ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the entire year ending December 31, 2023 or thereafter. All references to March 31, 2023 and 2022 in the notes to condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon consolidation.

Revision of previously issued financial statements

In connection with the preparation of the Company’s financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company’s management identified certain misstatements attributable to the following:

i) an understatement of reported research and development expenses for $0.3 million with respect to the Company losing the ability to receive Scientific Research and Experimental Development credits subsequently to signing the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022; and

ii) an overstatement of non-cash interest expense for $0.3 million with respect to the Company identifying certain errors in the SIF Loan (as defined below) repayment calculation model.

There was no material impact to net loss, hence there was no impact to the net loss per share, for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Liquidity and going concern

The Company has prepared its condensed consolidated financial statements assuming that it will continue as a going concern. Since its inception, the Company has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $401.4 million. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company incurred a net loss of $24.6 million and $11.7 million respectively and the Company had net cash outflows from operating activities of $13.6 million and $9.5 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had $9.0 million of cash and working capital (current assets less current liabilities) deficit of $3.2 million. The Company expects to incur additional operating losses and negative cash flows from operating activities as it continues to expand its commercial operations and research and development programs.

On April 13, 2023, the Company entered into the Term Loan and Security Agreement (the "Term Loan"), by and between the Company and PSPIB Unitas Investments II Inc. ("PSPIB" or the "Lender"), a related party of the Company, with an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million to be made available to the Company, as defined in the Term Loan and Security Agreement, in three tranches. The first tranche, in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million, was advanced to the Company on April 14, 2023, with the second and third tranches, of $15.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, to be made available to the Company subject to certain conditions. Prior to PSPIB's advance of the first tranche, the Company satisfied several closing conditions including the provision of a cash flow forecast and the board of directors' retention of an advisor. The second tranche, that shall be available to the Company as of July 12, 2023, is subject to the Company providing the Lender with an IP valuation report, a board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027, and SIF’s consent to the grant of security interests in D-Wave's project intellectual property associated with the SIF Loan. The third tranche, that shall be available to the Company as of October 10, 2023, is subject to the Company closing a $25.0 million non-dilutive financing on terms reasonably acceptable to the Lender, and the IP valuation report and board-approved operating budget for 2023 through 2027 remaining satisfactory to the Lender. Each tranche is subject to a 2.0% drawdown fee and the Term Loan matures on March 31, 2027. The initial $15.0 million tranche is expected to provide the Company with sufficient cash runway until the second $15.0 million tranche, assuming it is received when available on July 12, 2023. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to meet the conditions necessary to draw on the second and third tranches.

At the discretion of the Company, the Term Loan bears interest on a monthly basis at either (i) 10% payable in cash, or (ii) 11% payable in kind ('PIK'), with the latter added to the principal value of the Term Loan.

Upon the repayment or prepayment of the Term Loan, there is a prepayment premium due the Lender that is equal to 3.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid prior to the first anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan, 2.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid after the first anniversary and before the second anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan, 1.0% of the amount repaid / prepaid after the second anniversary and before the third anniversary of the closing of the Term Loan and no prepayment premium due thereafter. The Term Loan requires that any proceeds from the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement be applied towards the repayment of advances under the Term Loan in addition to a premium payment equal to 10% of the amount then prepaid to the Lender.

The Term Loan is secured by a first-priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s assets and contains certain operational and financial covenants.

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company and D-Wave Systems entered into a purchase agreement with Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC ("Lincoln Park") on June 16, 2022 (the "Purchase Agreement" or the "Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement") which provides D-Wave the sole right, but not the obligation, to direct Lincoln Park to buy specified dollar amounts up to $150 million of D-Wave's common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the "Common Shares") through June 15, 2025. The Purchase Agreement may provide the Company and D-Wave with additional liquidity to fund the business, subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement, including volume limitations tied to periodic market prices, ownership limitations restricting Lincoln Park from owning more than 9.9% of the then total outstanding Common Shares and a floor price of $1.00 at which the Company may not sell to Lincoln Park any Common Shares. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company has received $15.7 million in proceeds through the issuance of 13,239,654 Common Shares to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. On February 13, 2023, the Company filed an S-1

registration statement with the SEC to register an additional 35.0 million shares of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park. Since February 13, 2023, the Company's share price has been below the floor price of $1.00 and the Company may not sell shares to Lincoln Park. There is no assurance when the Company might be able to make sales to Lincoln Park in the future.

To the extent that sufficient capital is not obtained through the cash received in connection with the issuance of Common Shares under the Purchase Agreement with Lincoln Park, management will be required to obtain additional capital through the issuance of debt and/or equity, or other arrangements. However, there can be no assurance that D-Wave will be able to raise additional capital when needed or under acceptable terms. The issuance of additional equity may dilute existing stockholders and newly issued shares may contain senior rights and preferences compared to the currently outstanding common stock. Any future debt may contain covenants and limit D-Wave’s ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to stockholders. If D-Wave is unable to obtain additional financing, operations will be scaled back or discontinued.

The Company is not currently in compliance with, and may be unable to regain and/or maintain compliance with, certain continued listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE"). If the Company is unable to cure any event of noncompliance with any continued listing standard of the NYSE within the applicable timeframe and other parameters set forth by the NYSE, or if the Company fails to maintain compliance with certain continued listing standards that do not provide for a cure period, it will result in the delisting of the Company’s common stock from the NYSE, which could negatively impact the trading price, trading volume and liquidity of, and have other material adverse effects on, the Company’s common stock and its ability to raise capital.

In connection with the Company’s assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 205-40, “Basis of Presentation—Going Concern”, management has determined that the Company's liquidity condition raises substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, which is considered to be for a period of one year from the issuance of these financial statements. These consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of recorded asset amounts or the amounts and classification of liabilities that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. Such adjustments could be material.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.

The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, and any evolutions thereof. The change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Fair value of financial instruments

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

⮚Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

⮚Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

⮚Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The carrying amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash , trade accounts receivable, net, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values (Level 1).

The Company carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values of the Company's marketable investments were $1.2 million, respectively, and were reported in other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

Description	Level	March 31, 2023
Liabilities:
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants	1	$	694
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants	2	$	560

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrants was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.

As of March 31, 2023, the liabilities for the Warrants were calculated by multiplying the quoted market price per DPCM Public Warrant of $0.07 by the 17,916,609 Warrants outstanding (see Note 8).

Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs.

Government assistance

The Company receives various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED”) investment tax credit of nil and $0.4 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon entering into the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022, the Company is no longer a Canadian Controlled Private Corporation. As a result, beginning February 7, 2022, Scientific Research and Development investment tax credits can be applied to reduce income taxes payable to the Canadian government. Any investment tax credits that are not realized will be reflected as investment tax credit carryforwards.

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted

No recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted have had a material effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements or effective during 2023 had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

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Merger

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Reverse Recapitalization [Abstract]

Merger

Merger

On August 5, 2022, the Company completed the Merger. Upon the closing of the Merger, the following occurred:

•Each non-redeeming share of DPCM Class A common stock was converted into the right to receive 1.4541326 Common Shares (the “Exchange Ratio”), such that 902,213 shares of DPCM Class A common stock that were not redeemed were exchanged for 1,311,937 Common Shares;

•All outstanding warrants of DPCM were converted into the right to receive Warrants. Each such Warrant is exercisable for 1.4541326 Common Shares, at any time commencing on September 4, 2022, the date that is 30 days after the completion of the Merger. The number of Common Shares received upon the exercise of Warrants will be rounded down to the nearest whole number of Common Shares;

•3,015,575 shares of DPCM Class B common stock held by Sponsor and DPCM’s officers, directors and other special advisors were converted into Common Shares on a one-for-one basis; and

•Pursuant to an arrangement effected under Part 9, Division 5 of the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Arrangement”) all holders of outstanding non-redeemable convertible preferred shares of D-Wave Systems received equity interests in D-Wave in exchange for their equity interests in D-Wave Systems. The aggregate consideration paid to former shareholders of D-Wave Systems in connection with the Merger was approximately 99,736,752 Common Shares and Exchangeable Shares (as defined below) (excluding options of D-Wave Systems and warrants of D-Wave Systems).

“Exchangeable Shares” refers to shares in the capital of D-Wave Quantum Technologies Inc., or ExchangeCo, an indirect Canadian subsidiary of D-Wave. The Exchangeable Shares are exchangeable from time to time, at the holder’s election, for Common Shares on a one-for-one basis.

In connection with the Merger and concurrently with the execution of the Transaction Agreement, on February 7, 2022, DPCM and the Company entered into separate subscription agreements with a number of investors (each a "PIPE Investor"), pursuant to which the PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, and the Company agreed to sell to the PIPE Investors, a number of Common Shares (the “PIPE Shares”) equal to the aggregate purchase price for all Common Shares subscribed for by each PIPE Investor, divided by $10.00 and multiplied by the Exchange Ratio for an aggregate purchase price of $40.0 million (the “PIPE Investment”), such that the PIPE Investors purchased 5,816,528 PIPE Shares in the aggregate. The PIPE Investment closed simultaneously with the consummation of the Merger.

On August 2, 2022, the DPCM shareholders voted to approve the Merger. Management determined that once this vote had occurred, it was probable that D-Wave Quantum Inc. would be required to pay Lincoln Park the Commitment Fee associated with the Purchase Agreement. As such, on August 2, 2022, D-Wave Quantum Inc. incurred a $2.6 million liability payable to Lincoln Park, which was the amount of cash contractually required to settle the Commitment Fee. Other than the Commitment Fee liability, D-Wave Quantum, Inc. had no other assets, liabilities, or operations prior to the Closing Date of August 5, 2022.

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, DPCM was treated as the "acquired" company for financial reporting purposes. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Merger was treated as the equivalent of the Company issuing shares for the net assets of DPCM, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of DPCM were stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded.

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Revenue from contracts with customers

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue from contracts with customers

Revenue from contracts with customers

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	1,168	$	1,384
Professional services	406		309
Other revenue	9		20
Total revenue, net	$	1,583	$	1,713
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over the time	$	1,542	$	1,662
Revenue recognized at a point in time	41		51
Total revenue, net	$	1,583	$	1,713

Other revenue includes printed circuit board sales.

The following table presents a summary of revenue by geography for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
United States	$	247	$	777
Japan	308		434
Germany	288		263
United Kingdom	231		—
Other	509		239
Total revenue	$	1,583	$	1,713

"Other" includes rest of Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Canada and Australia where the revenue from a single country is not greater than 10% of total consolidated revenue. The Company has not had any sales in China, Russia or Ukraine.

Significant customers

The Company had significant customers during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. A significant customer is defined as one that comprises up to ten percent or more of total revenues in a particular year or ten percent of outstanding accounts receivable balance as of the year end.

The tables below present the significant customers on a percentage of total revenue basis for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Customer A	15	%	14	%
Customer B	13	%	13	%

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, there were three and one significant customers that comprised ten percent or more of outstanding accounts receivable balances, respectively.

All revenues derived from major customers above are located in Germany and Europe during the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and the United States and Germany during the three month period ended March 31, 2022.

Contract balances

The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets:
Trade account receivable	$	542	$	757
Unbilled receivables, included in 'Prepaid expenses and other current assets'	59		58
Total contract assets	601		815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	1,827		1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	9		9
Customer deposit, included in 'Accrued expenses and other current liabilities'	45		45
Total contract liabilities	$	1,881	$	1,835

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,790	$	2,719
Deferral of revenue	1,166		5,325
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,120)		(6,254)
Balance at end of period	$	1,836	$	1,790

Remaining performance obligations

A significant number of the Company’s product and service sales are short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC 606-10-50-14 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

As of March 31, 2023, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations that were unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied related to customer contracts was $1.8 million. This amount included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 99% is expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.

As of December 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of remaining performance obligations related to customer contracts that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied was $1.8 million which included deferred revenue on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, of which approximately 99% was expected to be recognized to revenue in the next 12 months.

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Balance sheet details

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Balance sheet details

Balance sheet details

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$	—	$	2,459
Accrued professional services	2,243		1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,392		1,641
Other accruals	211		233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	$	605	$	451
Customer deposit	45		45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,484		1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Related party)	420		420
Transaction costs	2,459		—
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	9,859	$	8,640

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$	348	$	391
Prepaid software	403		559
Prepaid rent	160		96
Prepaid commissions	223		268
Prepaid insurance	871		697
Other	128		89
Other current assets:
Directors and Officers insurance	$	580	$	1,449
Unbilled receivables	59		58
Security deposits	42		36
Receivable research incentives	328		264
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3,142	$	3,907

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Property and equipment, net

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quantum computer systems	$	13,712	$	13,714
Lab equipment	6,686		6,666
Computer equipment	3,583		3,545
Leasehold improvements	1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures	319		319
Construction-in-progress	86		86
Total property and equipment	25,461		25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,420)		(23,111)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,041	$	2,294

Depreciation expense for the three month period ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The Company has not acquired any property and equipment under capital leases.

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, substantially all of the Company’s long-lived assets, consisting of property and plant, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, amounting to $11.0 million and $11.4 million, respectively, are located in North America, principally in Canada.

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Loans payable

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Loans payable

Loans payable

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 loans payable consisted of the refundable government loans. The following table shows the component of loans payable (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Loan payable, beginning of period	$	28,941	$	29,844
Financing of Directors and Officers Insurance	—		2,893
Venture Loan	—		20,000
Payments*	(881)		(1,893)
Interest and final fee on Venture Loan	—		1,808
Repayment of the Venture Loan	—		(21,808)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	46		(1,903)
Loan payable, end of period	$	28,106	$	28,941
Discount, beginning of period	$	(19,459)	$	(17,391)
Interest expense	437		2,483
Non-cash interest income from SIF	—		(5,673)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	(34)		1,122
Total discount, end of period	$	(19,056)	$	(19,459)
Total loans payable, end of period	$	9,050	$	9,482
Short-term portion	790		1,671
Long-term portion	8,260		7,811
Total loans payable	$	9,050	$	9,482

*For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company paid $0.9 million for Directors and Officers Insurance. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $1.5 million for Directors and Officers Insurance and $0.4 million for the repayment of the Technology Partnerships Canada loan.

SIF Loan

On November 20, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement (the "SIF Loan") with the Strategic Innovation Fund ("SIF"), whereby SIF agreed to make a repayable contribution to the Company of up to C$40.0 million (the "Contribution”). Funds from the SIF Loan are to be used for projects involving the adaption of research findings for commercial applications that have the potential for market disruption; development of current product and services through the implementation of new or incremental technology that will enhance the Company’s competitive capability; and development of process improvements which reduce the environmental footprint of current production through the use of new or improved technologies.

The annual repayment of the Contribution is calculated based upon a formula using the Company’s fiscal year revenue multiplied by a repayment rate. The contractual repayment period is 15 years and commences in the first year in which the Company reports annual revenue of $70.0 million (the “Benchmark Year”). In each of those years, an annual repayment amount is due. Each annual repayment must be paid by April 30 of the year following the year for which the annual repayment due will be calculated. If the Benchmark Year is not achieved within 14 years following the fiscal year in which the project is completed, the SIF Loan is forgiven. The SIF Loan is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently at amortized cost. As the Contribution is interest free, the difference between the carrying value and initial fair value is recorded as government assistance on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.

The initial fair value of the SIF Loan is determined by using a discounted cash flow analysis for the loan, which requires a number of assumptions. The significant assumptions used in determining the discounted cash flows include estimating the amount and timing of future revenue for the Company and the appropriate discount rate. In determining the

appropriate discount rates, the Company considered the weighted average cost of capital for the Company, risk adjusted based on the development risks of the Company’s product. Management used a discount rate of 26% to discount the SIF Loan. Should projected revenue not be achieved as predicted, the adjustment to the fair value of the SIF Loan could be material. At March 31, 2023, the carrying value of the loan approximates its fair value.

Repayments of the SIF contributions could also be triggered upon default of the agreement, or termination of the agreement, or upon a change of control that has not been approved by the Canadian government. The Canadian government approved the transaction with DPCM conditionally on May 9, 2022, with all conditions being satisfied on the closing date of the Merger.

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Warrant liabilities

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Other Liabilities Disclosure [Abstract]

Warrant liabilities

Warrant liabilities

In conjunction with the Merger, the Company assumed 10,000,000 DPCM public warrants and 8,000,000 DPCM private warrants. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no DPCM public or private warrants were exercised.

As of March 31, 2023, the Company has 17,916,609 Warrants outstanding. As part of the Merger, as described in Note 3 - Merger, each DPCM Public Warrant and Private Warrant that was issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Merger was automatically and irrevocably converted into one D-Wave Quantum warrant. The Warrants are subject to the terms and conditions of the warrant agreement entered into between DPCM, Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (the “Warrant Agreement Amendment” as specified in the Transaction Agreement).

Each such Warrant will be exercisable at an exercise price of $11.50 for 1.4541326 Common Shares, or an approximate exercise price per Common Share of $7.91, subject to adjustments. The Warrants may be exercised for a whole number of shares of the Company. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Warrants. The Warrants will expire on August 5, 2027, or earlier upon redemption or liquidation.

The Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants except that the Private Warrants are exercisable on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees. If the Private Warrants are held by someone other than the initial purchasers or their permitted transferees, the Private Warrants will be redeemable by the Company and exercisable by such holders on the same basis as the Public Warrants.

The Company may redeem the Public Warrants:

    • in whole and not in part;

    • at $0.10 per warrant upon a minimum of 30 days’ prior written notice of redemption; provided that holders will be able to exercise their warrants on a cashless basis prior to redemption and receive that number of shares based on the redemption date and the fair market value of the Common Share;

    • if, and only if, the last reported sales price of the shares of the Common Shares for any twenty (20) trading days within the thirty (30) trading-day period ending on the third trading day prior to the date on which a notice of redemption is given equals or exceeds $10.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like) (the "Reference Value");

    • if the Reference Value is less than $18.00 per share (as adjusted for stock splits, stock dividends, reorganizations, recapitalization and the like), the Private Warrants must also be concurrently called for redemption on the same terms as the outstanding Public Warrants, as described above; and

    • if, and only if, there is an effective registration statement covering the issuance of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants and a current prospectus relating thereto available throughout the 30-day period after written notice of redemption is given, or an exemption from registration is available.

If the Company calls the Public Warrants for redemption, management will have the option to require all holders that wish to exercise the Public Warrants to do so on a “cashless basis,” as described in the Warrant Agreement Amendment. The exercise price and number of the Common Shares issuable upon exercise of the warrants may be adjusted in certain circumstances including in the event of a stock dividend, or recapitalization, reorganization, merger or consolidation. However, the warrants will not be adjusted for issuance of the Common Shares at a price below its exercise price. Additionally, in no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the warrants.

For details of the D-Wave Systems legacy warrants, classified as equity, refer to Note 11 - Commitments and contingencies.

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Related party

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related party

Related party

Promissory notes

In 2022, DPCM and one of its affiliates entered into two unsecured promissory notes of up to $1.0 million each with the Sponsor (the "DPCM Notes"). The purpose of the DPCM Notes was to provide DPCM with additional working capital. All amounts drawn on the DPCM Notes were provided directly to DPCM. The DPCM Notes are not convertible and bear no interest. The principal balance of the DPCM Notes was originally due and payable upon the earlier of the date on which DPCM consummates its initial business combination, or the date that the winding up of DPCM is effective. As of March 31, 2023, a total of $0.4 million has been drawn on the DPCM Notes.

In connection with the Merger, the DPCM Notes were assumed by the Company and were amended and restated effective December 31, 2022. The amended and restated notes have identical terms as the DPCM Notes except that the Company must pay the principal balance in equal installments on December 31, 2022, March 31, 2023, and June 30, 2023.

In February 2023, these DPCM Notes were further amended and restated such that the Company must pay the principal balance in equal installments, the first of which was paid on April 30, 2023, and the remaining to be paid on June 30, 2023, August 31, 2023 and October 31, 2023.

The execution of the amended and restated DPCM Notes are related party transactions as these notes are payable to affiliates of the Company.

Short swing profit settlement

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded approximately $0.2 million related to the short swing profit settlement remitted by a shareholder of the Company under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company recognized the proceeds as an increase to additional paid-in-capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023, and in the condensed consolidated statements of stockholder's (deficit) equity, as well as in cash provided by financial activities in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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Stock-based compensation

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-based compensation

Stock-based compensation

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, stock-based compensation is associated with stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and the Company's Employee Stock Purchase Plan ("ESPP").

Common stock option activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

	Number of options outstanding	Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	15,387,546	$	1.76	7.12	$	8,763
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(672,583)	0.81			40
Forfeited	(45,731)	1.14
Expired	(26,821)	0.81
Balance as of March 31, 2023	14,642,411	$	1.72	7.45
Options exercisable as of March 31, 2023	11,919,869	$	1.02	6.67
Options unvested as of March 31, 2023	3,544,841	$	3.84	8.75

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options was calculated as the difference between the exercise price of the stock options and the estimated fair value of the Common Shares for those stock options that had exercise prices lower than the fair value of the Common Shares.

As of March 31, 2023, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock option grants was approximately $6.4 million. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.18 years.

The total fair values of the stock options vested during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was $1.2 million and $0.5 million respectively.

Restricted stock unit awards

On January 5, 2023 and March 27, 2023, the Company granted 143,000 and 3,349,520 RSUs to certain of its employees, respectively, under the 2022 Plan. The RSUs granted are subject to a service condition, and the RSUs will vest 25% on the first anniversary of the grant date, and then 6.25% each quarter subsequent to the first anniversary for twelve quarters. There were no RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The following table summarizes the RSU activity and related information under the 2022 Plan:

	Number of Outstanding	Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	8,143,304	$	5.69
Granted	3,492,520	0.54
Forfeited	(130,619)	—
Vested	—	—
Unvested as of March 31, 2023	11,505,205	$	4.11
Expected to vest as of March 31, 2023	10,644,546	$	4.15

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the weighted-average grant-date fair value of RSUs granted was $0.54. There were no RSUs vested during the three months ended March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, the unrecognized stock-based compensation cost related to the RSUs was $36.8 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.85 years.

Employment Stock Purchase Plan

In August 2022, the Company established the 2022 ESPP. The maximum number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the ESPP was initially 8,036,455. The number of shares reserved and available for issuance under the ESPP automatically increases each January 1, beginning on January 1, 2023 and each January 1 thereafter ending on January 1, 2032, by the lesser of (i) 1,607,291 shares of common stock, or (ii) 1.0% of the aggregate number of (i) shares of common stock outstanding and (ii) securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of common stock (whether vested or unvested) outstanding on December 31 of the preceding calendar year. stock. As of March 31, 2023, the number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the ESPP is 8,036,455. As of March 31, 2023, no shares of common stock have been issued under the ESPP.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $0.1 million. Of the total stock-based compensation expense recognized for the three months ended March 31, 2023, $5 thousand was classified as cost of revenue, $21 thousand was classified as general and administrative, $4 thousand was classified as sales and marketing, and $0.1 million was classified as research and development within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	377	$	32
Research and development	2,760		60
General and administrative	3,294		629
Sales and marketing	324		62
Total stock-based compensation	$	6,755	$	783

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Commitments and contingencies

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and contingencies

Commitments and contingencies

D-Wave Systems Warrant Transaction Agreements

In November 2020, contemporaneously with a revenue arrangement, D-Wave Systems entered into a contract, pursuant to which D-Wave Systems agreed to cancel a previously issued warrant with a customer and replace it with a warrant to acquire up to 3,247,637 shares of its Class A Preferred Shares (the “ Warrant Preferred Shares”), subject to certain vesting requirements. As the warrant was issued in connection with an existing commercial agreement with a

customer, the value of the warrant was determined to be consideration payable to the customer and consequently will be treated as a reduction to revenue recognized under the corresponding revenue arrangement. Approximately 40% of the previously issued warrants had vested and became immediately exercisable on August 13, 2020. The remaining Warrant Preferred Shares will vest and become exercisable upon satisfaction of certain milestones based on revenue generated under the commercial agreement with the customer, to the extent certain prepayments are made by the customer.

As of March 31, 2023, these revenue-based milestones have yet to be met. The fair value of the Warrant Preferred Shares at the date of issuance was determined to be $1.1 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no Warrant Preferred Shares were vested or probable of vesting.

Leases

The Company primarily enters into leases for office space that are classified as operating leases. During the three months ended March 31, 2023,and 2022, total lease cost, composed primarily of the costs related to operating leases, was $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Litigation

From time to time, the Company may become involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of its business and may be subject to third-party infringement claims.

In the normal course of business, the Company may agree to indemnify third parties with whom it enters into contractual relationships, including customers, lessors, and parties to other transactions with the Company, with respect to certain matters. The Company has agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or covenants, other third-party claims that the Company’s products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. It is not possible to determine the maximum potential amount of liability under these indemnification obligations due to the Company’s limited history of prior indemnification claims and the unique facts and circumstances that are likely to be involved in each particular claim.

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company was not subject to any material litigation or pending litigation claims.

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Net loss per share

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net loss per share

Net loss per share

As a result of the Merger (see Note 3), for the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company has retroactively adjusted the weighted average shares outstanding prior to August 5, 2022 to give effect to the Conversion Ratio used to determine the number of Common Shares into which they were converted.

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(24,608)	$	(11,657)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	123,144,097		125,385,841
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.09)

As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s potentially dilutive securities were stock options, the Warrant Shares, and the Public Warrants and Private Warrants.

Since the Company was in a loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share for all periods as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.

Potentially dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Public Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	14,420,065	—
Private Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	11,633,061	—
D-Wave Systems Warrant Shares as converted to Common Shares (Note 11)	2,889,282	2,889,282
Options to purchase common stock as converted to Common Shares	13,026,724	13,784,912
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	617,972
Total	41,969,132	17,292,166

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Subsequent events

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent events

Subsequent events

The Company has evaluated all events occurring through May 19, 2023, the date on which the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, and during which time, nothing has occurred outside the normal course of business operations that would require disclosure except the following:

Term Loan

On April 13, 2023, the Company entered into the Term Loan and Security Agreement, by and between the Company and PSPIB (the "Term Loan"). Under the Term Loan, term loans in aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million are to be made available to the Company in three tranches, subject to certain terms and conditions (refer to Note 2 - Basis of presentation). The first tranche, in an aggregate principal amount of $15.0 million was advanced on April 14, 2023 with the second and third tranches, of $15.0 million and $20.0 million, respectively, to be made available to the Company subject to certain conditions.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("U.S. GAAP") for interim financial reporting and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date, but certain notes or other information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been omitted if they substantially duplicate the disclosures contained in the Company's annual audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain information and footnote disclosure normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to instructions, rules and regulations prescribed by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). In the opinion of the Company, the unaudited financial information for the interim periods presented reflects all adjustments, which are normal and recurring, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, balance sheet, and cash flows. Interim results should not be regarded as indicative of results that may be expected for any other period or the entire year.

The interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements and reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. These unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022 filed with the SEC.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the condensed consolidated financial statements upon consolidation.

Use of estimates

Use of estimates

The preparation of the condensed financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience.

The Company’s accounting estimates and assumptions may change over time in response to risks and uncertainties, including uncertainty in the current economic environment due to inflation, increased interest rates, Ukraine/Russia conflict, and any evolutions thereof. The change could be material in future periods. As of the date of issuance of these condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstances that would require the Company to update estimates, judgments or revise the carrying value of any assets or liabilities. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value of financial instruments

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

⮚Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

⮚Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

⮚Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The carrying amounts reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for cash , trade accounts receivable, net, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values (Level 1).

The Company carries its marketable investments at cost, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments by the same issuer, as they represent investments in privately held companies for which there are no quoted market prices. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying values of the Company's marketable investments were $1.2 million, respectively, and were reported in other noncurrent assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Warrants are accounted for as liabilities in accordance with ASC 815-40 and are presented within warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The warrant liabilities are measured at fair value at inception and on a recurring basis, with changes in fair value presented within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For periods subsequent to the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units, the close price of the Public Warrants was used as the fair value of the Warrants as of each relevant date. The subsequent measurements of the Public Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 1 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote in an active market. The subsequent measurements of the Private Warrants after the detachment of the Public Warrants from the Units are classified as Level 2 fair value measurements due to the use of an observable market quote for the Public Warrants, which are considered to be a similar asset in an active market.

As of March 31, 2023, the liabilities for the Warrants were calculated by multiplying the quoted market price per DPCM Public Warrant of $0.07 by the 17,916,609 Warrants outstanding (see Note 8).

Transfers to/from Levels 1, 2, and 3 are recognized at the end of the reporting period in which a change in valuation technique or methodology occurs.

Government assistance

Government assistance

The Company receives various forms of government assistance including (i) government grants (ii) investment credits, and (iii) government loans, for research and development initiatives from Canadian government agencies.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recorded a Scientific Research and Experimental Development (“SR&ED”) investment tax credit of nil and $0.4 million, respectively, as an offset to its research and development expenses in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Upon entering into the Transaction Agreement on February 7, 2022, the Company is no longer a Canadian Controlled Private Corporation. As a result, beginning February 7, 2022, Scientific Research and Development investment tax credits can be applied to reduce income taxes payable to the Canadian government. Any investment tax credits that are not realized will be reflected as investment tax credit carryforwards.

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted, and not yet adopted

Recent accounting pronouncements issued and adopted

No recently issued accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted have had a material effect on the Company's results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

Recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

No other recently issued accounting pronouncements or effective during 2023 had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table presents information about the Company’s liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2023 and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs the Company utilized to determine such fair value (in thousands):

Description	Level	March 31, 2023
Liabilities:
Warrant Liabilities – Public Warrants	1	$	694
Warrant Liabilities – Private Placement Warrants	2	$	560

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Revenue from contracts with customers (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Disaggregation of revenue

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by type of products or services and timing of transfer of products or services (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Type of products or services
QCaaS	$	1,168	$	1,384
Professional services	406		309
Other revenue	9		20
Total revenue, net	$	1,583	$	1,713
Timing of revenue recognition
Revenue recognized over the time	$	1,542	$	1,662
Revenue recognized at a point in time	41		51
Total revenue, net	$	1,583	$	1,713

The following table presents a summary of revenue by geography for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
United States	$	247	$	777
Japan	308		434
Germany	288		263
United Kingdom	231		—
Other	509		239
Total revenue	$	1,583	$	1,713

Significant customers

The tables below present the significant customers on a percentage of total revenue basis for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Customer A	15	%	14	%
Customer B	13	%	13	%

Accounts receivable, contract assets and liabilities, and changes in deferred revenue

The following table provides information about account receivable, contract assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Contract assets:
Trade account receivable	$	542	$	757
Unbilled receivables, included in 'Prepaid expenses and other current assets'	59		58
Total contract assets	601		815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	1,827		1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	9		9
Customer deposit, included in 'Accrued expenses and other current liabilities'	45		45
Total contract liabilities	$	1,881	$	1,835

Changes in deferred revenue from contracts with customers were as follows (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,790	$	2,719
Deferral of revenue	1,166		5,325
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,120)		(6,254)
Balance at end of period	$	1,836	$	1,790

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Balance sheet details (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$	—	$	2,459
Accrued professional services	2,243		1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,392		1,641
Other accruals	211		233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	$	605	$	451
Customer deposit	45		45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,484		1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Related party)	420		420
Transaction costs	2,459		—
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	9,859	$	8,640

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$	348	$	391
Prepaid software	403		559
Prepaid rent	160		96
Prepaid commissions	223		268
Prepaid insurance	871		697
Other	128		89
Other current assets:
Directors and Officers insurance	$	580	$	1,449
Unbilled receivables	59		58
Security deposits	42		36
Receivable research incentives	328		264
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3,142	$	3,907

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Property and equipment, net (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Quantum computer systems	$	13,712	$	13,714
Lab equipment	6,686		6,666
Computer equipment	3,583		3,545
Leasehold improvements	1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures	319		319
Construction-in-progress	86		86
Total property and equipment	25,461		25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,420)		(23,111)
Property and equipment, net	$	2,041	$	2,294

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Loans payable (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of loans payable

The following table shows the component of loans payable (in thousands):

	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Loan payable, beginning of period	$	28,941	$	29,844
Financing of Directors and Officers Insurance	—		2,893
Venture Loan	—		20,000
Payments*	(881)		(1,893)
Interest and final fee on Venture Loan	—		1,808
Repayment of the Venture Loan	—		(21,808)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	46		(1,903)
Loan payable, end of period	$	28,106	$	28,941
Discount, beginning of period	$	(19,459)	$	(17,391)
Interest expense	437		2,483
Non-cash interest income from SIF	—		(5,673)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	(34)		1,122
Total discount, end of period	$	(19,056)	$	(19,459)
Total loans payable, end of period	$	9,050	$	9,482
Short-term portion	790		1,671
Long-term portion	8,260		7,811
Total loans payable	$	9,050	$	9,482

*For the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company paid $0.9 million for Directors and Officers Insurance. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $1.5 million for Directors and Officers Insurance and $0.4 million for the repayment of the Technology Partnerships Canada loan.

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Stock-based compensation (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock option activity

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity during the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

	Number of options outstanding	Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)		Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)	Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	15,387,546	$	1.76	7.12	$	8,763
Granted	—	—
Exercised	(672,583)	0.81			40
Forfeited	(45,731)	1.14
Expired	(26,821)	0.81
Balance as of March 31, 2023	14,642,411	$	1.72	7.45
Options exercisable as of March 31, 2023	11,919,869	$	1.02	6.67
Options unvested as of March 31, 2023	3,544,841	$	3.84	8.75

RSU activity

The following table summarizes the RSU activity and related information under the 2022 Plan:

	Number of Outstanding	Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested as of December 31, 2022	8,143,304	$	5.69
Granted	3,492,520	0.54
Forfeited	(130,619)	—
Vested	—	—
Unvested as of March 31, 2023	11,505,205	$	4.11
Expected to vest as of March 31, 2023	10,644,546	$	4.15

Stock-based compensation expense

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense classified in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss as follows (in thousands):

	Three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Cost of revenue	$	377	$	32
Research and development	2,760		60
General and administrative	3,294		629
Sales and marketing	324		62
Total stock-based compensation	$	6,755	$	783

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Net loss per share (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of basic and diluted net loss per share

The following table sets forth the computation of the basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands, except share and per share data):

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(24,608)	$	(11,657)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding	123,144,097		125,385,841
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	(0.20)	$	(0.09)

Potentially dilutive securities

Potentially dilutive securities (upon conversion) that were not included in the diluted per share calculations because they would be anti-dilutive were as follows:

	For the three months ended March 31,
	2023	2022
Public Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	14,420,065	—
Private Warrants as converted to Common Shares (Note 8)	11,633,061	—
D-Wave Systems Warrant Shares as converted to Common Shares (Note 11)	2,889,282	2,889,282
Options to purchase common stock as converted to Common Shares	13,026,724	13,784,912
Warrants to purchase common stock	—	617,972
Total	41,969,132	17,292,166

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Description of business (Details)	Mar. 31, 2023 facility
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Number of operating facilities	3

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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 13, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Feb. 13, 2023	Jun. 16, 2022
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Research and development		$ 10,915	$ 6,802
Interest expense		(454)	(525)
Accumulated deficit		401,405		$ 376,797
Net loss		24,608	11,657
Net cash outflows from operations		13,574	9,509
Cash		8,988		$ 7,065
Working capital deficit		$ 3,200
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
ELOC, right to sell common stock					$ 35,000	$ 150,000
Common stock, par value (in usd per share)		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
ELOC, ownership restriction percentage						9.90%
ELOC, floor stock price (in usd per share)						$ 1.00
Proceeds from stock issuance		$ 15,700
Issuance of stock (in shares)		13,239,654
Marketable investments		$ 1,200		$ 1,200
Warrants, quoted price (in usd per share)		$ 0.07
Warrants outstanding (in shares)		17,916,609
SR&ED investment tax credit		$ 0	$ 400
Revision of Prior Period, Error Correction, Adjustment
Error Corrections and Prior Period Adjustments Restatement [Line Items]
Research and development				300
Interest expense				$ 300
Term Loan | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 50,000
Drawdown fee percentage	2.00%
Interest rate	10.00%
Interest rate, PIK	11.00%
Premium payment, percentage of amount prepaid from common stock issuance proceeds	10.00%
Term Loan | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event | Debt repayment period one
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium percentage	3.00%
Term Loan | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event | Debt repayment period two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium percentage	2.00%
Term Loan | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event | Debt repayment period three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Prepayment premium percentage	1.00%
Term Loan | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event | Debt tranche one
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 15,000
Term Loan | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event | Debt tranche two
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	15,000
Term Loan | Line of Credit | Subsequent Event | Debt tranche three
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount	20,000
Non-dilutive financing	$ 25,000

XML

Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Liabilities:
Warrants	$ 1,254	$ 1,892
Level 1 | Public Warrants
Liabilities:
Warrants	694
Level 2 | Private Warrants
Liabilities:
Warrants	$ 560

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Merger (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	Aug. 05, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Aug. 02, 2022 USD ($)
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Exchange ratio	1.4541326
Conversion ratio	1
Sale of stock, price (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 10.00
Proceeds from Issuance of Private Placement | $	$ 40.0
Commitment fee liability | $		$ 2.6
PIPE
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Issuance of common stock (in shares)	5,816,528
DCPM Class A common stock
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Stock exchanged in exchange of common stock (in shares)	902,213
DPCM Capital, Inc. Stockholders | DCPM Class A common stock
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Stock issued in exchange of common stock (in shares)	1,311,937
DPCM Capital, Inc. Stockholders | DCPM Class B common stock
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Stock issued in exchange of common stock (in shares)	3,015,575
Conversion ratio	1
D-Wave Systems Inc. Stockholders
Schedule Of Reverse Recapitalization [Line Items]
Aggregate consideration paid (in shares)	99,736,752

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Disaggregation of Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	$ 1,583	$ 1,713
United States
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	247	777
Japan
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	308	434
Germany
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	288	263
United Kingdom
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	231	0
Other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	509	239
Revenue recognized over the time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	1,542	1,662
Revenue recognized at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	41	51
QCaaS
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	1,168	1,384
Professional services
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	406	309
Other revenue
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenue, net	$ 9	$ 20

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Significant Customers (Details) - Customer concentration risk	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Revenue | Customer A
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	15.00%	14.00%
Revenue | Customer B
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	13.00%	13.00%
Accounts Receivable | Three customers
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)	10.00%
Accounts Receivable | One customer
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage (more than for accounts receivable)		10.00%

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Receivables, Contract Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Contract assets:
Trade account receivable	$ 542	$ 757
Unbilled receivables, included in 'Prepaid expenses and other current assets'	59	58
Total contract assets	601	815
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenue, current	1,827	1,781
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	9	9
Customer deposit, included in 'Accrued expenses and other current liabilities'	45	45
Total contract liabilities	$ 1,881	$ 1,835

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Change in Deferred Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Contract With Customer, Liability [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 1,790	$ 2,719
Deferral of revenue	1,166	5,325
Recognition of deferred revenue	(1,120)	(6,254)
Balance at end of period	$ 1,836	$ 1,790

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Revenue from contracts with customers - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation	$ 1.8	$ 1.8
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percentage		99.00%
Remaining performance obligation, period		12 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-04-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, percentage	99.00%
Remaining performance obligation, period	12 months

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Balance sheet details - Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accrued expenses:
Accrued transaction costs	$ 2,459	$ 2,459
Accrued professional services	2,243	1,858
Accrued compensation and related benefits	2,392	1,641
Other accruals	211	233
Other current liabilities:
Other payroll expenses	605	451
Customer deposit	45	45
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	1,484	1,533
Promissory note, related party (Refer to Note 9 - Related party)	420	420
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$ 9,859	$ 8,640
Current portion of operating lease liabilities, location	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities

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Balance sheet details - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Prepaid expenses:
Prepaid services	$ 348	$ 391
Prepaid software	403	559
Prepaid rent	160	96
Prepaid commissions	223	268
Prepaid insurance	871	697
Other	128	89
Other current assets:
Directors and Officers insurance	580	1,449
Unbilled receivables	59	58
Security deposits	42	36
Receivable research incentives	328	264
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$ 3,142	$ 3,907

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Property and equipment, net (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 25,461		$ 25,405
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(23,420)		(23,111)
Property and equipment, net	2,041		2,294
Depreciation expense	300	$ 300
North America
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Long-lived assets	11,000		11,400
Quantum computer systems
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	13,712		13,714
Lab equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	6,686		6,666
Computer equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	3,583		3,545
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	1,075		1,075
Furniture and fixtures
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	319		319
Construction-in-progress
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Total property and equipment	$ 86		$ 86

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Loans payable - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans payable
Loan payable, beginning of period	$ 28,941	$ 29,844	$ 29,844
Payments	(881)	(13)
Interest and final fee	0		1,808
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	46		(1,903)
Loan payable, end of period	28,106		28,941
Discount
Discount, beginning of period	(19,459)	$ (17,391)	(17,391)
Interest expense	437		2,483
Non-cash interest income from SIF	0		(5,673)
Foreign exchange (gain) loss	(34)		1,122
Total discount, end of period	(19,056)		(19,459)
Total loans payable	9,050		9,482
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	790		1,671
Loans payable, noncurrent	8,260		7,811
Other notes payable | Venture Loan
Loans payable
Contributions	0		20,000
Payments	0		(21,808)
Other notes payable | Other Loans
Loans payable
Payments	(881)		(1,893)
Other notes payable | Directors and Officers Insurance financing
Loans payable
Contributions	0		2,893
Payments	$ (900)		(1,500)
Other notes payable | TPC Government Loans
Loans payable
Payments			$ (400)

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Loans payable - Narrative (Details) - Nov. 20, 2020 - SIF Loan $ in Millions, $ in Millions	USD ($)	CAD ($)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Face amount		$ 40.0
Term	15 years
Repayment benchmark year, revenue	$ 70.0
Repayment benchmark year, period	14 years	14 years
Discount percentage	26.00%	26.00%

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Warrant liabilities (Details)		3 Months Ended
	Aug. 05, 2022 day $ / shares shares	Mar. 31, 2023 shares
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Warrants exercised (in shares) | shares		0
Warrants outstanding (in shares) | shares		17,916,609
Number of warrants into which each warrant was converted (in shares) | shares	1
Warrants, exercise price, prior to exchange ratio (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 11.50
Exchange ratio	1.4541326
Warrants, exercise price (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 7.91
Warrants, redemption price (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.10
Warrants, redemption notice period	30 days
Warrants, redemption share price threshold trading days | day	20
Warrants, redemption share price threshold consecutive trading days	30 days
Sale of stock, price (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 10.00
Reference value (in usd per share) | $ / shares	$ 18.00
Public Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Merger, warrants assumed (in shares) | shares	10,000,000
Private Warrants
Class of Warrant or Right [Line Items]
Merger, warrants assumed (in shares) | shares	8,000,000

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Related party (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Promissory notes outstanding	$ 420	$ 420
Short swing profit settlement	244
Affiliated Entity | DCPM Note
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Unsecured promissory notes, maximum		$ 1,000
Promissory notes outstanding	400
Shareholder
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Short swing profit settlement	$ 200

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Stock-based compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 27, 2023	Jan. 05, 2023	Aug. 31, 2022	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized compensation cost, stock options				$ 6,400
Fair value of stock options vested				1,200	$ 500
Stock-based compensation				6,755	783
Cost of revenue
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				377	32
General and administrative
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				3,294	629
Sales and marketing
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				324	62
Research and development
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				$ 2,760	$ 60
Stock options
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, period for recognition				1 year 2 months 4 days
RSUs
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, period for recognition				2 years 10 months 6 days
Awards granted (in shares)	3,349,520	143,000		3,492,520	0
Weighted-average grant-date fair value of awards granted (in usd per share)				$ 0.54
Awards vested (in shares)				0
Unrecognized stock-based compensation cost				$ 36,800
RSUs | Tranche one
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				25.00%
RSUs | Tranche two
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Vesting percentage				6.25%
Employee stock
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)			8,036,455
Additional shares annual automatic increase (in shares)			1,607,291
Additional shares reserved for issuance, percentage			1.00%
Shares that may be issued (in shares)				8,036,455
Stock-based compensation				$ 100
Employee stock | Cost of revenue
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				5
Employee stock | General and administrative
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				21
Employee stock | Sales and marketing
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				4
Employee stock | Research and development
Share-Based Compensation Arrangement by Share-Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation				$ 100

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Stock-based compensation - Stock Options Activity (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Number of options outstanding
Balance (in shares)	15,387,546
Granted (in shares)	0
Exercised (in shares)	(672,583)
Forfeited (in shares)	(45,731)
Expired (in shares)	(26,821)
Balance (in shares)	14,642,411	15,387,546
Options exercisable (in shares)	11,919,869
Options unvested (in shares)	3,544,841
Weighted  average  exercise  price  ($)
Balance (in usd per share)	$ 1.76
Granted (in usd per share)	0
Exercised (in usd per share)	0.81
Forfeited (in usd per share)	1.14
Expired (in usd per share)	0.81
Balance (in usd per share)	1.72	$ 1.76
Options exercisable (in usd per share)	1.02
Options unvested (in usd per share)	$ 3.84
Weighted average remaining contractual term (years)
Balance	7 years 5 months 12 days	7 years 1 month 13 days
Options exercisable	6 years 8 months 1 day
Options unvested	8 years 9 months
Aggregate intrinsic value ($)
Balance		$ 8,763
Exercised	$ 40

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Stock-based compensation - RSU Activity and Related Information (Details) - RSUs - $ / shares			3 Months Ended
	Mar. 27, 2023	Jan. 05, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Number of Outstanding
Unvested (in shares)			8,143,304
Granted (in shares)	3,349,520	143,000	3,492,520	0
Forfeited (in shares)			(130,619)
Vested (in shares)			0
Unvested (in shares)			11,505,205
Expected to vest (in shares)			10,644,546
Weighted average Grant Date Fair Value ($)
Unvested (in usd per share)			$ 5.69
Granted (in usd per share)			0.54
Forfeited (in usd per share)			0
Vested (in usd per share)			0
Unvested (in usd per share)			4.11
Expected to vest (in usd per share)			$ 4.15

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Stock-based compensation - Stock-Based Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 6,755	$ 783
Cost of revenue
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	377	32
Research and development
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	2,760	60
General and administrative
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	3,294	629
Sales and marketing
Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Total stock-based compensation	$ 324	$ 62

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Commitments and contingencies (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Nov. 30, 2020	Aug. 13, 2020
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Warrants	$ 1,254		$ 1,892
Lease cost	400	$ 400
Preferred stock warrants
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Warrants, number of shares issuable (in shares)				3,247,637
Warrants vested, percentage					40.00%
Warrants				$ 1,100
Warrants vested, fair value	$ 0

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Net loss per share - Computation (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended
		Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Numerator:
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - basic		$ (24,608)	$ (11,657)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders - diluted		$ (24,608)	$ (11,657)
Denominator:
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, basic (in shares)	[1]	123,144,097	125,385,841
Weighted-average common stock outstanding, diluted (in shares)	[1]	123,144,097	125,385,841
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - basic (in usd per share)		$ (0.20)	$ (0.09)
Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders - diluted (in usd per share)		$ (0.20)	$ (0.09)

[1] Weighted-average shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 have been retroactively restated to give effect to the Merger.

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Net loss per share - Potentially Dilutive Securities (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2023	Mar. 31, 2022
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	41,969,132	17,292,166
Warrants | Public Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	14,420,065	0
Warrants | Private Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	11,633,061	0
Warrants | Other Warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	0	617,972
Preferred stock warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	2,889,282	2,889,282
Stock options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Potentially dilutive securities (in shares)	13,026,724	13,784,912

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Subsequent events (Details) - Subsequent Event - Term Loan - Line of Credit $ in Millions	Apr. 13, 2023 USD ($)
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 50.0
Debt tranche one
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Face amount	15.0
Debt tranche two
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Face amount	15.0
Debt tranche three
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Face amount	$ 20.0