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Income taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Tax Rate (Details)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]      
US federal tax rate 21.00% 27.00% 27.00%
State tax 1.00% 0.00% 0.00%
Foreign losses taxed at different rates 5.00% 0.00% 1.00%
Return to provision adjustments (1.00%) 0.00% 0.00%
Stock-based compensation (3.00%) 0.00% 0.00%
Research and development credits 5.00% 0.00% (3.00%)
Permanent differences (24.00%) (2.00%) 18.00%
Other 0.00% 1.00% 7.00%
Change in valuation allowance (4.00%) (26.00%) (50.00%)
Effective tax rate 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%