N-2/A 1 ny20003827x2_n2a.htm N-2/A

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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 20, 2022.
Securities Act File No. 333-262035
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-2
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 ☒
Post-Effective Amendment No.
BlackRock Private Credit Fund
(Exact name of registrant as specified in Declaration of Trust)
40 East 52nd Street
New York, New York 10022
(212) 810-5300
(Address and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)
John M. Perlowski
BlackRock Capital Investment Advisors, LLC
40 East 52nd Street
New York, New York 10022
(212) 810-5800
(Name and address of agent for service)
COPIES TO:
Michael K. Hoffman, Esq.
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
One Manhattan West
New York, NY 10001
Kevin T. Hardy, Esq.
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP
155 North Wacker Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60606
Cynthia M. Krus
Owen J. Pinkerton
Dwaune L. Dupree
Eversheds Sutherland (US) LLP
700 6th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20004
Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

Check box if the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans.

Check box if any securities being registered on this Form will be offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”), other than securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan.

Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction A.2 or a post-effective amendment thereto.

Check box if this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction B or a post-effective amendment thereto that will become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act.

Check box if this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction B to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act.
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):

when declared effective pursuant to Section 8(c) of the Securities Act.
If appropriate, check the following box:

This [post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed [post-effective amendment] [registration statement].

This Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: .

This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: .

This Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, and the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering is: .
Check each box that appropriately characterizes the Registrant:

Registered Closed-End Fund (closed-end company that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Investment Company Act”)).

Business Development Company (closed-end company that intends or has elected to be regulated as a business development company under the Investment Company Act).

Interval Fund (Registered Closed-End Fund or a Business Development Company that makes periodic repurchase offers under Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act).

A.2 Qualified (qualified to register securities pursuant to General Instruction A.2 of this Form).

Well-Known Seasoned Issuer (as defined by Rule 405 under the Securities Act).

Emerging Growth Company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”)).

If an Emerging Growth Company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of Securities Act.

New Registrant (registered or regulated under the Investment Company Act for less than 12 calendar months preceding this filing).
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED MAY 20, 2022
Preliminary Prospectus
BlackRock Private Credit Fund
Class S, Class D and Institutional Shares
Maximum Offering of $2,500,000,000
BlackRock Private Credit Fund is a newly organized Delaware statutory trust that seeks to invest primarily in originated loans and other securities, including broadly syndicated loans, of private middle market U.S. companies. Our investment objective is to target high risk-adjusted returns produced primarily from current income generated by investing primarily in directly originated, senior secured corporate debt instruments. Throughout the prospectus, we refer to BlackRock Private Credit Fund as the “Fund,” “we,” “us” or “our.”
We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). We are externally managed by our adviser, BlackRock Capital Investment Advisors, LLC (the “Investment Adviser”). BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser” and, together with the Investment Adviser, the “Advisers”) serves as our sub-adviser The Investment Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are subsidiaries of BlackRock, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, including but not limited to the Advisers, “BlackRock”). We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
We are offering on a continuous basis up to $2,500,000,000 of our common shares of beneficial interest (“Common Shares”). We are offering to sell any combination of three classes of Common Shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Institutional shares, with a dollar value up to the maximum offering amount. The share classes have different ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees. The per share purchase price for Common Shares in our initial offering will be $25.00 per share. Following the initial closing, shares of each class of our Common Shares will be issued on a monthly basis at a price per share equal to the net asset value (“NAV”) per share for such class. This is a “best efforts” offering, which means that BlackRock Investments, LLC, the intermediary manager for this offering (the “ Distributor”), will use its best efforts to sell shares, but is not obligated to purchase or sell any specific amount of shares in this offering.
We have submitted an application to the SEC for an exemptive order to permit us to offer multiple classes of our Common Shares. Until an exemptive order satisfactory to us is granted, we will only offer Institutional shares and will not issue Class S shares or Class D shares.
Investing in our Common Shares involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase these securities only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 26 of this prospectus. Also consider the following:

We have no prior operating history and there is no assurance that we will achieve our investment objective.

This is a “blind pool” offering and thus you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them.

You should not expect to be able to sell your shares regardless of how we perform.

You should consider that you may not have access to the money you invest for an extended period of time.

We do not intend to list our shares on any securities exchange, and we do not expect a secondary market in our shares to develop prior to any listing.

Because you may be unable to sell your shares, you will be unable to reduce your exposure in any market downturn.

We intend to implement a share repurchase program, but only a limited number of shares will be eligible for repurchase and repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions.

An investment in our Common Shares is not suitable for you if you need access to the money you invest. See “Suitability Standards” and “Share Repurchase Program.”

We cannot guarantee that we will make distributions, and if we do we may fund such distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources.

Distributions may also be funded in significant part, directly or indirectly, from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, that may be subject to reimbursement to the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. The repayment of any amounts owed to our affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled.

We expect to use leverage, which will magnify the potential for loss on amounts invested in us.

We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors.

We intend to invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities regulator has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. Securities regulators have also not passed upon whether this offering can be sold in compliance with existing or future suitability or conduct standards including the ‘Regulation Best Interest’ standard to any or all purchasers.
The use of forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any oral or written predictions about the amount or certainty of any cash benefits or tax consequences that may result from an investment in our Common Shares is prohibited. No one is authorized to make any statements about this offering different from those that appear in this prospectus.
 
Price to the
Public(1)
Proceeds to
Us, Before
Expenses(2)
Maximum Offering(3)
$2,500,000,000
$2,500,000,000
Class S Shares, per Share
$25.00
$833,333,333
Class D Shares, per Share
$25.00
$833,333,333
Institutional Shares, per Share
$25.00
$833,333,334
(1)
The per share purchase price for Common Shares in our initial offering will be $25.00 per share. Following the initial closing, shares of each class of our Common Shares will be issued on a monthly basis at a price per share equal to the NAV per share for such class.
(2)
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Institutional shares, however, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares and a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Institutional shares. We will also pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee to the Distributor, subject to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class S shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month and (b) for Class D shares, a shareholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class D shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month. No shareholder servicing or distribution fees will be paid with respect to the Institutional shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will also pay or reimburse certain organization and offering expenses, including, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, certain wholesaling expenses. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Estimated Use of Proceeds.” The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering. Proceeds are calculated before deducting shareholder servicing or distribution fees or organization and offering expenses payable by us, which are paid over time.
(3)
The table assumes that all shares are sold in the primary offering, with 1/3 of the gross offering proceeds from the sale of Class S shares, 1/3 from the sale of Class D shares and 1/3 from the sale of Institutional shares. The number of shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from this assumption.
The date of this prospectus is    , 2022

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SUITABILITY STANDARDS
Common Shares offered through this prospectus are suitable only as a long-term investment for persons of adequate financial means such that they do not have a need for liquidity in this investment. We have established financial suitability standards for initial shareholders in this offering which require that a purchaser of shares have either:
a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000, or
a net worth of at least $250,000.
For purposes of determining the suitability of an investor, net worth in all cases should be calculated excluding the value of an investor’s home, home furnishings and automobiles. In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these minimum standards must be met by the beneficiary, the fiduciary account or the donor or grantor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the shares if the donor or grantor is the fiduciary.
In addition, we will not sell shares to investors in the states named below unless they meet special suitability standards set forth below:
Alabama—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, an investment in us will only be sold to Alabama residents that have a liquid net worth of at least 10 times their investment in us and our affiliates.
California—California residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and must have either (a) a liquid net worth of $350,000 and annual gross income of $65,000 or (b) a liquid net worth of $500,000.
Idaho—Purchasers residing in Idaho must have either (a) a liquid net worth of $85,000 and annual gross income of $85,000 or (b) a liquid net worth of $300,000. Additionally, the total investment in us shall not exceed 10% of their liquid net worth.
Iowa—Iowa investors must (i) have either (a) an annual gross income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000, or (b) a net worth of at least $350,000 (net worth should be determined exclusive of home, auto and home furnishings); and (ii) limit their aggregate investment in this offering and in the securities of other non-traded business development companies (“BDCs”) to 10% of such investor’s liquid net worth (liquid net worth should be determined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities).
Kansas—It is recommended by the Office of the Securities Commissioner that Kansas investors limit their aggregate investment in us and other non-traded REITs to not more than 10% of their liquid net worth. For these purposes, liquid net worth shall be defined as that portion of total net worth that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities, as determined in conformity with GAAP.
Kentucky—A Kentucky investor may not invest more than 10% of its liquid net worth in us or our affiliates. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Maine—The Maine Office of Securities recommends that an investor’s aggregate investment in this offering and similar direct participation investments not exceed 10% of the investor’s liquid net worth. For this purpose, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Massachusetts—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Massachusetts residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and in other illiquid direct participation programs.
Missouri—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Missouri residents may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us.
Nebraska—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Nebraska investors must limit their aggregate investment in this offering and the securities of other business development companies to 10% of such investor’s net worth. Investors who are accredited investors as defined in Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are not subject to the foregoing investment concentration limit.
New Jersey—New Jersey investors must have either (a) a minimum liquid net worth of $100,000 and a minimum annual gross income of $85,000, or (b) a minimum liquid net worth of $350,000. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles, minus total liabilities) that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. In addition, a New Jersey investor’s investment in us, our affiliates and other non-publicly-traded direct investment programs (including
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real estate investment trusts, business development companies, oil and gas programs, equipment leasing programs and commodity pools, but excluding unregistered, federally and state exempt private offerings) may not exceed ten percent (10%) of his or her liquid net worth.
New Mexico—In addition to the general suitability standards listed above, a New Mexico investor may not invest, and we may not accept from an investor more than ten percent (10%) of that investor’s liquid net worth in shares of us, our affiliates and in other non-traded business development companies. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth which consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
North Dakota—Purchasers residing in North Dakota must have a net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
Ohio—It is unsuitable for Ohio residents to invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in the issuer, affiliates of the issuer and in any other non-traded BDC. “Liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings and automobiles, minus total liabilities) comprised of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Oklahoma—Purchasers residing in Oklahoma may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us.
Oregon—In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, Oregon investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us and our affiliates. Liquid net worth is defined as net worth excluding the value of the investor’s home, home furnishings and automobile.
Puerto Rico—Purchasers residing in Puerto Rico may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in us, our affiliates and other non-traded business development companies. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as that portion of net worth (total assets exclusive of primary residence, home furnishings and automobiles minus total liabilities) consisting of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Tennessee—Purchasers residing in Tennessee must have a liquid net worth of at least ten times their investment in us.
Vermont—Accredited investors in Vermont, as defined in 17 C.F.R. §230.501, may invest freely in this offering. In addition to the suitability standards described above, non-accredited Vermont investors may not purchase an amount in this offering that exceeds 10% of the investor's liquid net worth. For these purposes, “liquid net worth” is defined as an investor's total assets (not including home, home furnishings, or automobiles) minus total liabilities.
The Investment Adviser, those selling shares on our behalf, and participating brokers and registered investment advisers recommending the purchase of shares in this offering are required to make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of shares in this offering is a suitable and appropriate investment for each investor based on information provided by the investor regarding the investor’s financial situation and investment objectives and must maintain records for at least six years after the information is used to determine that an investment in our shares is suitable and appropriate for each investor. In making this determination, the participating broker, registered investment adviser, authorized representative or other person selling shares will, based on a review of the information provided by the investor, consider whether the investor:
meets the minimum income and net worth standards established in the investor’s state;
can reasonably benefit from an investment in our Common Shares based on the investor’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure;
is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the investor’s overall financial situation, including the risk that the investor may lose its entire investment; and
has an apparent understanding of the following:
the fundamental risks of the investment;
the lack of liquidity of our shares;
the background and qualification of our Investment Adviser; and
the tax consequences of the investment.
In addition to investors who meet the minimum income and net worth requirements set forth above, our shares may be sold to financial institutions that qualify as “institutional investors” under the state securities laws of the state in
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which they reside. “Institutional investor” is generally defined to include banks, insurance companies, investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act, pension or profit sharing trusts and certain other financial institutions. A financial institution that desires to purchase shares will be required to confirm that it is an “institutional investor” under applicable state securities laws.
In addition to the suitability standards established herein, (i) a participating broker may impose additional suitability requirements and investment concentration limits to which an investor could be subject and (ii) various states may impose additional suitability standards, investment amount limits and alternative investment limitations.
Broker-dealers must comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and establishes a “best interest” obligation for broker-dealers and their associated persons when making recommendations of any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The obligations of Regulation Best Interest are in addition to, and may be more restrictive than, the suitability requirements listed above. When making such a recommendation to a retail customer, a broker-dealer must, among other things, act in the best interest of the retail customer at the time a recommendation is made, without placing its interests ahead of its retail customer’s interests. A broker-dealer may satisfy the best interest standard imposed by Regulation Best Interest by meeting disclosure, care, conflict of interest and compliance obligations. Regulation Best Interest also requires registered investment advisers and registered broker-dealers to provide a brief relationship summary to retail investors. This relationship summary, referred to as Form CRS, is not a prospectus. Investors should refer to the prospectus for detailed information about this offering before deciding to purchase Common Shares. Currently, there is no administrative or case law interpreting Regulation Best Interest and the full scope of its applicability on brokers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time.
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS
Please carefully read this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement together with any exhibits and the additional information described under the heading and “Available Information” and the section under the heading “Risk Factors” before you make an investment decision. You should rely only on the information contained, or incorporated by reference, collectively, in this prospectus.
MULTI-CLASS EXEMPTIVE RELIEF
This prospectus relates to our Common Shares of Class S, Class D and Institutional shares. We are currently only offering Institutional shares for sale. We have submitted to the SEC an application for an exemptive order to permit us to offer additional classes of Common Shares. Until an exemptive order satisfactory to us is granted, we will only offer Institutional shares and will not issue Class S or Class D shares. The exemptive order may require us to supplement or amend the terms set forth in this prospectus, and we will file a prospectus supplement or an amendment to the Registration Statement to the extent required by the SEC.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to factors identified elsewhere in this Registration Statement, including the “Risk Factors” section, the following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements or historical performance:
the Fund’s, or the Fund’s portfolio companies’, future business, operations, operating results or prospects;
the return or impact of current and future investments;
the impact of a protracted decline in the liquidity of credit markets on the Fund’s business;
the impact of fluctuations in interest rates on the Fund’s business;
the impact of changes in laws or regulations governing the Fund’s operations or the operations of the Fund’s portfolio companies;
the Fund’s contractual arrangements and relationships with third parties;
the general economy and its impact on the industries in which the Fund invests;
the financial condition of and ability of the Fund’s portfolio companies to achieve their objectives;
the Fund’s expected financings and investments;
the adequacy of the Fund’s financing resources and working capital;
the ability of the Advisers to locate suitable investments for the Fund and to monitor and administer the Fund’s investments;
the timing of cash flows, if any, from the operations of the Fund’s portfolio companies;
the timing, form and amount of any dividend distributions;
the phase-out of LIBOR and the use of replacement rates for LIBOR;
the consequences of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, including international sanctions, the potential impact on inflation and increased disruption to supply chains;
the Fund’s ability to maintain the Fund’s qualification as a regulated investment company and as a business development company.
This Registration Statement contains, and other statements that the Fund may make may contain, forward-looking statements with respect to future financial or business performance, strategies or expectations. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as “trend,” “opportunity,” “pipeline,” “believe,” “comfortable,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “current,” “intention,” “estimate,” “position,” “assume,” “potential,” “outlook,” “continue,” “remain,” “maintain,” “sustain,” “seek,” “achieve” and similar expressions, or future or conditional verbs such as “will,” “would,” “should,” “could,” “may” or similar expressions.
Forward-looking statements are subject to numerous assumptions, risks and uncertainties, which change over time. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made, and the Fund assumes no duty to and do not
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undertake to update forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements do not meet the safe harbor for forward-looking statements pursuant to Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) or Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in forward-looking statements and future results could differ materially from historical performance.
Statistical and market data used in this Registration Statement has been obtained from governmental and independent industry sources and publications. The Fund has not independently verified the data obtained from these sources. Forward-looking information obtained from these sources is subject to the same qualifications and the additional uncertainties regarding the other forward-looking statements contained in this Registration Statement, for which the safe harbor provided in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act is not available.
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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
This prospectus summary highlights certain information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This is only a summary of all material information and it may not contain all of the information that is important to you. Before deciding to invest in this offering, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section.
Q:
What is BlackRock Private Credit Fund?
A:
We are a newly organized Delaware statutory trust formed on December 23, 2021. We are a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that has elected to be regulated as a business development company (“BDC”) under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). We are externally managed by our adviser, BlackRock Capital Investment Advisors, LLC (the “Investment Adviser”). BlackRock Advisors, LLC (the “Sub-Adviser” and, together with the Investment Adviser, the “Advisers”) serves as our sub-adviser. The Investment Adviser and the Sub-Adviser are subsidiaries of BlackRock, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, including but not limited to the Advisers, “BlackRock”. The words “we,” “us,” “our” and the “Fund” refer to BlackRock Private Credit Fund, together with its consolidated subsidiaries.
Q:
Who are BlackRock, the Investment Adviser and the Sub-Adviser?
A:
BlackRock is the world’s largest publicly traded investment management firm, with over $10 trillion of assets under management as of December 31, 2021. For 35+ years, including through legacy entities, BlackRock has been creating and managing alternatives portfolios. Today, BlackRock manages $329 billion in alternative client assets, with over 990+ professionals dedicated solely to alternatives across 49 offices globally. BlackRock’s strong governance and scale enable its investment teams to focus solely on investing and benefit from accessing more deals, research, and insight than they would as independent businesses. BlackRock’s scale helps it deliver sourcing, performance, and solutions that aim to help clients achieve their objectives.
The Investment Adviser, a wholly-owned, indirect subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc., has over two decades of experience investing in directly originated loans to middle market companies. Since 1999, the Investment Adviser has originated and participated in the original syndication of approximately $28.5 billion in more than 615 companies.
The Sub-Adviser is a subsidiary of BlackRock, Inc. and is an affiliate of the Fund and the Investment Adviser.
Q:
What is your investment objective?
A:
Our investment objective is to target high risk-adjusted returns produced primarily from current income generated by investing primarily in directly originated, senior secured corporate debt instruments.
Q:
What is your investment strategy?
A:
The Investment Adviser has a deep and experienced investment team, organized across 19 industry-focused verticals, that is among the most tenured in the direct lending market, having invested in the strategy across multiple market cycles for more than 20 years. This depth of experience enables the team to not only identify unique and less competitive investments, but also to structure customized downside protection and better target outsized risk-adjusted returns.
The Fund expects to benefit from BlackRock’s broad and established sourcing network to seek attractive investment opportunities across all market environments. BlackRock is one of the largest corporate lenders in the world and a long-tenured participant in the private debt markets. As such, it has diversified sourcing channels and maintains an active dialogue with industry and sector contacts, banks, brokers, sponsors, secondary desks, client relationships, other credit-focused investment managers and its well-established network of industry experts and executive-level operating professionals – all of which help to produce attractive deal flow.
The Investment Adviser believes its deep industry and credit experience distinguishes its reputation, allowing BlackRock to uncover opportunities that less-experienced managers are either not qualified to analyze, or are under-resourced to properly evaluate. BlackRock will continue its longstanding practice of seeking to alter the risk/reward balance in favor of its clients by using a hands-on approach to seek to create superior risk-adjusted returns while protecting value in challenging situations when required.
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Q:
What types of investments do you intend to make?
A:
Under normal circumstances, we will invest at least 80% of our total assets (net assets plus borrowings for investment purposes) in private credit investments (loans, bonds and other credit instruments that are issued in private offerings or issued by private companies).
The Fund expects to benefit from what it believes to be BlackRock’s successful strategy of investing in privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in North America-based companies. The Fund expects to hold positions in first lien, second lien and unitranche debt, with a preference for floating-rate debt, which the Investment Adviser believes provides flexibility to adapt to changing market conditions.
Our investment strategy will focus primarily on originating and making loans to U.S. middle market companies, although, we may make investments in portfolio companies that are domiciled outside of the United States, subject to regulatory limitations and other investment restrictions discussed in this Registration Statement. We will invest in senior secured or unsecured loans, subordinated loans or mezzanine loans and, to a lesser extent, equity and equity-related securities which includes common and preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, and warrants. We define “middle market companies” to generally mean companies with enterprise values between $100 million and $2.5 billion. We may on occasion invest in smaller or larger companies if an attractive opportunity presents itself, especially when there are dislocations in the capital markets. The Investment Adviser will generally target for the Fund what it views as healthy businesses that are seeking capital for various objectives, including but not limited to, growth, acquisitions, refinancings/recapitalizations, expansion stage venture lending and LBO activity. BlackRock actively seeks to uncover what it believes are overlooked, asset-rich opportunities with a degree of complexity “outside-of the-box” for traditional senior debt providers.
Once we raise sufficient capital, we expect that investments typically will have position sizes that range between 1% and 3% of our portfolio, although investment sizes will vary with the size of our capital base, particularly during the period prior to raising sufficient capital. To a lesser extent, we may make investments in syndicated loan opportunities for cash management purposes, which includes but is not limited to maintaining liquidity for more liquid investments to manage our share repurchase program.
Our investments are subject to a number of risks. See “Investment Objective and Strategies” and “Risk Factors.”
Q:
What is an originated loan?
A:
An originated loan is a loan where we lend directly to the borrower and hold the loan generally on our own or only with other BlackRock affiliates. This is distinct from a syndicated loan, which is generally originated by a bank and then syndicated, or sold, in several pieces to other investors. Originated loans are generally held until maturity or until they are refinanced by the borrower. Syndicated loans often have liquid markets and can be traded by investors.
Q:
What potential competitive strengths does BlackRock offer?
A:
BlackRock believes that the following characteristics distinguish it from other firms and will allow the Fund to maximize the risk/reward ratio of a given investment opportunity.
Strategy
BlackRock has successfully applied its direct lending strategy throughout its history to generate attractive investment opportunities in all phases of a market cycle. Since 1999, BlackRock has deployed more than $28.5 billion across more than 615 companies in its direct lending strategy. BlackRock believes that the following elements of its direct lending strategy are designed to enable the Fund to generate above-market yields:
I.
Identifying value where others do not, in complex or overlooked deals through unique, multi-channel sourcing.
II.
Large, reputable and deeply experienced team that has the ability to respond to various market conditions quickly and effectively.
III.
Dual direct lending and stressed/distressed (special situations) experience to structure better pricing and downside protection and be prepared for unexpected events.
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Focus on the Middle-Market
Since BlackRock’s first direct lending loan in its first institutional fund was made in 2000, its direct lending strategy has focused primarily on North American middle-market companies with target enterprise values from $100 million to $2.5 billion.
Direct Lending Investment Network and Superior Deal Sourcing Capability
BlackRock’s primary deal flow is derived from its proprietary network established over a 20+ year history of providing direct lending capital to middle-market U.S. companies and its intensive industry research and relationship-based approach. BlackRock’s investment professionals maintain established relationships among industry-focused bankers, restructuring professionals, bankruptcy and other attorneys, senior lenders, liquidators, high yield specialists, research analysts and major accounting firms. BlackRock’s long history in direct investing provides what it believes is a broader and deeper network of contacts among fellow corporate board members, former colleagues from a range of high-quality firms, other financial and operating professionals, insurance companies, credit funds, private equity funds, hedge funds and other similar alternative investment funds, which assists in sourcing and negotiating transaction opportunities. Given both its extremely long tenure in the market as well as its position within the world’s largest asset manager, BlackRock is often a first call for middle-market direct lending opportunities, and in particular, those that require a level of specialized knowledge or skill to underwrite and execute. BlackRock’s Capital Markets team helps to harness the power of the global franchise in an effort to ensure that BlackRock sees the broadest range of deal opportunities across its investment business. Furthermore, BlackRock’s relationships with prior portfolio companies help facilitate positive word-of-mouth recommendations to others seeking BlackRock’s expertise and capital.
Access to Operating Talent
The Investment Adviser augments its aforementioned in-house talent with multi-year relationships with former senior executives with strong records of success in major companies across industries in which BlackRock invests. These executive relationships may be used for assistance with due diligence, board seats, sourcing, and in some cases, to fill certain portfolio company operating roles.
Integrity
BlackRock conducts business with the highest standards for integrity. Those standards are apparent in its transparency and openness with its clients, its conservative accounting and management principles, and its relationships with counterparties, rival and allied creditors, portfolio company management teams and external advisors. BlackRock recognizes the value its business integrity provides in attracting clients, employees and operating talent, sourcing and evaluating transactions, and in reorganization negotiations.
A Leader in Alternative Credit Investing
For 35+ years, including through legacy entities, BlackRock has been creating and managing alternatives portfolios. BlackRock has continually grown investment capabilities in response to, and in anticipation of, client needs. This strategic commitment is reflected in the considerable human and technological resources it has developed in order to ensure the long-term success of its alternatives platform. BlackRock has also hired respected industry professionals to complement its homegrown talent. Today, BlackRock has over 840+ professionals dedicated solely to alternatives across 25+ global investment centers. BlackRock’s strong governance and scale enable its investment teams to focus solely on investing and benefit from accessing more deals, research, and insight than they would as independent businesses. BlackRock’s scale helps it deliver sourcing, performance, and solutions that aim to help clients achieve objectives. The Investment Adviser’s leadership team comprises senior professionals from BlackRock.
Q:
What is the market opportunity?
A:
BlackRock believes that an attractive investment environment exists for middle market and privately-originated illiquid loans using the investment strategy and approach that BlackRock has successfully employed for over 20 years. Over that time, due to fundamental changes in the U.S. banking system and corporate debt market, lending to middle market companies in the U.S. has radically transformed.
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Since BlackRock’s first direct lending investment was made in June 2000, the role of banks in middle-market lending has materially reduced. In order to comply with regulations, such as Basel III, the Dodd-Frank Act and certain provisions therein known as the “Volcker Rule,” banks have reduced their balance sheets to de-risk their business activities. Banks simply cannot lend on the scale they once did to absorb the supply of middle market loans because it has become economically challenging for banks to hold middle market loans. BlackRock recognizes that stricter regulations and enforcement of leveraged lending guidelines has further reduced bank lending activities in the middle market versus earlier periods, and in particular, the period prior to the global financial crisis.
Simultaneously, middle market financing needs are high. BlackRock believes that institutional private capital will be needed to address a large volume of financing requirements over the next several years driven by refinancing needs as well as deployment of private equity cash reserves (often referred to as “dry powder”).
BlackRock believes that the growth of small-to-medium sized businesses will be key to growth for all developed economies, and in particular, the United States. Middle market companies represent approximately one-third of U.S. private sector GDP and employ nearly 48 million people, providing approximately one-third of all U.S. jobs, according to the National Center for the Middle Market. BlackRock anticipates that direct lending providers to the middle market will enable these businesses to access capital that is increasingly difficult for them to obtain from traditional bank sources yet is important for continued economic growth. In particular, BlackRock believes the direct lending strategy has developed into a core asset class that serves the needs of this segment of the U.S. economy. BlackRock has established itself as a leader in this segment over almost two decades with a reputation for reliability and creativity in structuring financing solutions.
Q:
How will you identify investments?
A:
BlackRock’s deal flow comes from its proprietary network and research, earned over an exceptionally long and successful market tenure. The majority of investments in the Fund are expected to be generated from primary market sources and will also include opportunistic secondary market purchases. The Investment Adviser’s investment professionals have long-term relationships with a wide range of deal sources including industry-focused bankers, restructuring professionals, bankruptcy attorneys, senior lenders, high yield bond specialists, trading desks (both regional and money center), research analysts, liquidators, accounting firms, fund management teams, board members of former portfolio companies, former colleagues at other high-quality investment firms and other operating professionals to facilitate deal flow. The Investment Adviser also expects to leverage the significant BlackRock organizational resources at its disposal by communicating with members of BlackRock’s global credit platform, including investment-grade credit analysts, sub-investment grade credit analysts, real estate (both equity and debt) and private equity teams and with professionals in risk and quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the Investment Adviser is supported by the BlackRock Capital Markets group, a dedicated capital markets team responsible for sourcing private and illiquid investment opportunities across the BlackRock Alternatives platform. The BlackRock Capital Markets group provides global, comprehensive sourcing coverage by geography, asset class and transaction type and further supplements the Investment Adviser’s deal sourcing by maintaining close relationships across multiple sourcing channels.
Given both its tenure in the direct lending market as well as its scope as one of the largest investment managers in the world, BlackRock is often the first call for new deal opportunities in its core middle-market segment. In addition, BlackRock has relationships with numerous other credit investors, including insurance companies, credit funds, multi-strategy private equity funds, hedge funds and other comparable alternative funds that invest in assets similar to those targeted by the Fund.
In addition to drawing upon experience from its considerable resources, BlackRock regularly calls on both active and recently retired senior-level executives from relevant industries to assist with due diligence for potential investments. Historically, these relationships with retired senior executives have also been a valuable source of transactions and critical information. BlackRock’s relationships with its portfolio companies across the entirety of its credit franchise also facilitate positive word-of-mouth recommendations to other companies seeking BlackRock’s expertise and capital. BlackRock’s relationship network provides it with the ability to access investment opportunities that competitors may miss or, in competitive circumstances, allows it to engage at an earlier stage in the process.
Q:
What is the role of the Sub-Adviser?
A:
The Sub-Adviser will perform certain of the day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The Sub-Adviser
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will be primarily responsible for the Fund’s investments liquid investments, including liquid investments held during the period of time that the Fund is investing the proceeds of this offering in accordance with its investment strategy.
Q:
Will you use leverage?
A:
Yes. To seek to enhance our returns, we intend to employ leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of the Investment Adviser, but in no event will leverage employed exceed the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act, which currently allows us to borrow up to a 2:1 debt to equity ratio. We intend to use leverage in the form of borrowings, including loans from certain financial institutions and the issuance of debt securities. We may also use leverage in the form of the issuance of preferred shares, but do not currently intend to do so. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook. Any such leverage, if incurred, would be expected to increase the total capital available for investment by the Fund. See “Risk Factors.
Q:
How will the Fund be allocated investment opportunities?
A:
BlackRock manages and advises numerous accounts for clients around the world, such as registered and unregistered funds and owners of separately managed accounts (collectively, “Client Accounts”). Client Accounts include funds and accounts in which BlackRock or its personnel have an interest (“BlackRock Accounts”). Certain of these Client Accounts have investment objectives, and utilize investment strategies, that are similar to the Fund’s. As a result, certain investments may be appropriate for the Fund and also for other Client Accounts. To address actual and potential conflicts associated with allocation of investments, BlackRock has developed an investment allocation policy (the “Investment Allocation Policy”) and related guidelines. In addition, certain BlackRock entities and business units have supplemental allocation policies for making allocation decisions among Client Accounts managed by such BlackRock entities (together with the Investment Allocation Policy and related guidelines, the “Allocation Policy”). The Allocation Policy is intended to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated on a fair and equitable basis among Client Accounts over time, taking into account various factors.
We believe that, in certain circumstances, it may be in the Fund’s best interests to be able to co-invest with registered funds, unregistered funds and business development companies managed now or in the future by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates in order to be able to participate in a wider range of transactions. See “Regulation – Exemptive Orders.”
Q:
How is an investment in shares of your Common Shares different from listed BDCs?
A:
An investment in our common shares of beneficial interest (“Common Shares”) generally differs from an investment in listed BDCs in a number of ways, including:
Shares of listed BDCs are priced by the trading market, which is influenced generally by numerous factors, not all of which are related to the underlying value of the entity’s assets and liabilities. Our Board of Trustees, rather than the “market,” determined the initial offering price of our shares in its sole discretion after considering the initial public offering prices per share of other blind pool non-traded BDCs. The estimated value of our assets and liabilities will be used to determine our net asset value (“NAV”) following this offering. As a result, non-traded BDCs are generally less volatile and more closely correlated with the values of their underlying loans as opposed to other conditions that may impact public markets.
An investment in our shares has limited or no liquidity outside of our share repurchase plan and our share repurchase plan may be modified, suspended or terminated. In contrast, an investment in a listed BDC is a liquid investment, as shares can be sold on an exchange at any time the exchange is open.
Some listed BDCs are self-managed, whereas our investment operations are managed by the Advisers, which are subsidiaries of BlackRock.
Listed BDCs may be reasonable alternatives to the Fund, and may be less costly and less complex with fewer and/or different risks than we have. Such listed BDCs will likely have historical performance that investors can evaluate, and transactions for listed securities often involve nominal or no commissions.
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Unlike the offering of a listed BDC, which is exempt from state securities regulation, this offering will be registered in every state in which we are offering and selling shares. As a result, we include certain limits in our governing documents that are not typically provided for in the governing documents of a listed BDC. For example, our Declaration of Trust limits the fees we may pay to the Investment Adviser. A listed BDC does not typically provide for these restrictions within its governing documents
A listed BDC is, however, subject to the governance requirements of the exchange on which its shares are traded, including requirements relating to its Board of Trustees, audit committee, independent Trustee oversight of executive compensation and the Trustee nomination process, code of conduct, shareholder meetings, related party transactions, shareholder approvals and voting rights. Although we expect to follow many of the same governance guidelines as are imposed by exchanges, there is no requirement that we do so unless it is required for other reasons. Both listed BDCs and non-traded BDCs are subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”).
Q:
For whom may an investment in your shares be appropriate?
A:
An investment in our shares may be appropriate for you if you:
meet the minimum suitability standards described above under “Suitability Standards;”
seek to allocate a portion of your investment portfolio to a direct investment vehicle with an income-oriented portfolio of primarily U.S. credit investments;
seek to receive current income through regular distribution payments;
wish to obtain the potential benefit of long-term capital appreciation; and
are able to hold your shares as a long-term investment and do not need liquidity from your investment quickly in the near future.
We cannot assure you that an investment in our shares will allow you to realize any of these objectives. An investment in our shares is only intended for investors who do not need the ability to sell their shares quickly in the future since we are not obligated to offer to repurchase any of our Common Shares in any particular quarter in our discretion. See “Share Repurchase Program.”
Q:
Are there any risks involved in buying your shares?
A:
Investing in our Common Shares involves a high degree of risk. If we are unable to effectively manage the impact of these risks, we may not meet our investment objective and, therefore, you should purchase our shares only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. An investment in our Common Shares involves significant risks and is intended only for investors with a long-term investment horizon and who do not require immediate liquidity or guaranteed income. Some of the more significant risks relating to an investment in our Common Shares include those listed below:
We have no prior operating history and there is no assurance that we will achieve our investment objective.
This is a “blind pool” offering and thus you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them.
You should not expect to be able to sell your shares regardless of how we perform.
You should consider that you may not have access to the money you invest for an extended period of time.
We do not intend to list our shares on any securities exchange, and we do not expect a secondary market in our shares to develop prior to any listing.
Because you may be unable to sell your shares, you will be unable to reduce your exposure in any market downturn.
We intend to implement a share repurchase program, but only a limited number of shares will be eligible for repurchase and repurchases will be subject to available liquidity and other significant restrictions. Our share repurchase program can be modified, terminated or suspended at the Fund’s discretion.
An investment in our Common Shares is not suitable for you if you need access to the money you invest. See “Suitability Standards” and “Share Repurchase Program.”
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We cannot guarantee that we will make distributions, and if we do we may fund such distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. A return of capital (1) is a return of the original amount invested, (2) does not constitute earnings or profits and (3) will have the effect of reducing the basis such that when a shareholder sells its shares the sale may be subject to taxes even if the shares are sold for less than the original purchase price.
Distributions may also be funded in significant part, directly or indirectly, from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, that may be subject to reimbursement to the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. The repayment of any amounts owed to our affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled.
We expect to use leverage, which will magnify the potential for loss on amounts invested in us.
We qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Common Shares less attractive to investors.
We intend to invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value.
Q:
Do you currently own any investments?
A:
No. The Fund will commence operations following the initial closing.
Q:
What is the role of your Board of Trustees?
A:
We operate under the direction of our Board of Trustees, the members of which are accountable to us and our shareholders as fiduciaries. We have 5 Trustees, 3 of whom have been determined to be independent of us, the Advisers, BlackRock and its affiliates (“Independent Trustees”). Our Independent Trustees are responsible for reviewing the performance of the Advisers and approving the compensation paid to the Advisers and their affiliates. The names and biographical information of our Trustees are provided under “Management of the Fund—Trustees and Executive Officers.”
Q:
What is the difference between the Class S, Class D and Institutional Common Shares being offered?
A:
We are offering to the public three classes of Common Shares, Class S shares, Class D shares and Institutional shares. The differences between the share classes relate to ongoing shareholder servicing fees and/or distribution fees. In addition, although no upfront sales loads will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D Shares or Institutional shares, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares and a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Institutional shares. We will also pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee to the Distributor, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class S shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month and (b) for Class D shares, a shareholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class D shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month. Class S shares and Class D shares will receive shareholder services. Institutional shares will not receive shareholder services. See “Description of Our Shares” and “Plan of Distribution” for a discussion of the differences between our Class S, Class D and Institutional shares.
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Assuming a constant net asset value per share of $25.00, we expect that a one-time investment in 400 shares of each class of our shares (representing an aggregate net asset value of $10,000 for each class) would be subject to the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees:
 
Annual
Shareholder
Servicing and/or
Distribution Fees
Total Over
Five Years
Class S
$85
$425
Class D
$25
$125
Institutional
$0
$0
Class S shares and Class D shares are available through brokerage and transaction-based accounts. Institutional shares are generally available for purchase in this offering only (1) through fee-based programs, also known as wrap accounts, that provide access to Institutional shares, (2) by endowments, foundations, pension funds and other institutional investors, (3) through participating intermediaries that have alternative fee arrangements with their clients to provide access to Institutional shares, (4) through certain registered investment advisers, (5) by our executive officers and trustees and their immediate family members, as well as officers and employees of the Advisers, BlackRock or other affiliates and their immediate family members, and joint venture partners, consultants and other service providers or (6) other categories of investors that we name in an amendment or supplement to this prospectus. In certain cases, where a holder of Class S shares or Class D shares exits a relationship with a participating broker for this offering and does not enter into a new relationship with a participating broker for this offering, such holder’s shares may be exchanged into an equivalent NAV amount of Institutional shares. Before making your investment decision, please consult with your investment adviser regarding your account type and the classes of Common Shares you may be eligible to purchase.
We have submitted an application to the SEC for an exemptive order to permit us to offer multiple classes of our Common Shares. Until an exemptive order satisfactory to us is granted, we will only offer Institutional shares and will not issue Class S or Class D shares.
Q:
What is the per share purchase price?
A:
The per share purchase price for our Common Shares will be $25.00 at the initial closing. Following the initial closing, shares of each class of our Common Shares will be issued on a monthly basis at a price per share equal to the NAV per share for such class, as described below.
Q:
How will your NAV per share be calculated?
A:
Following the initial closing, NAV for our shares will be equal to the net proceeds received by us from purchases of shares, less our liabilities. Thereafter, our NAV will be determined based on the value of our assets less our liabilities, including accrued fees and expenses, as of any date of determination.
Investments for which market quotations are readily available will typically be valued at those market quotations. To validate market quotations, we will utilize a number of factors to determine if the quotations are representative of fair value, including the source and number of the quotations. Securities that are not publicly traded or for which market prices are not readily available will be valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by, and under the oversight of, the Board of Trustees, based on, among other things, the input of the Investment Adviser and independent third-party valuation firms engaged at the direction of the Board of Trustees to review our investments. The Board of Trustees will review and determine, or (subject to the Board of Trustee’s oversight) delegate to the Investment Adviser to determine, the fair value of each of our investments and our NAV per share each month. See “Determination of Net Asset Value.”
Q:
Is there any minimum investment required?
A:
The minimum initial investment in our Common Shares is $25,000 for Class S or Class D shares, and $1,000,000 for Institutional shares; and the minimum subsequent investment in our shares is $500 per transaction, except that the minimum subsequent investment amount does not apply to purchases made under our distribution reinvestment plan.
Q:
What is a “best efforts” offering?
A:
This is our initial public offering of our Common Shares on a “best efforts” basis. A “best efforts” offering
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means the participating brokers are only required to use their best efforts to sell the shares. When shares are offered to the public on a “best efforts” basis, no underwriter, broker or other person has a firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares. Therefore, we cannot guarantee that any minimum number of shares will be sold.
Q:
What is the expected term of this offering?
A:
We have registered $2,500,000,000 in Common Shares. It is our intent, however, to conduct a continuous offering for an extended period of time, by filing for additional offerings of our shares, subject to regulatory approval and continued compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and applicable state laws.
We will endeavor to take all reasonable actions to avoid interruptions in the continuous offering of our Common Shares. There can be no assurance, however, that we will not need to suspend our continuous offering while the SEC and, where required, state securities regulators, review such filings for additional offerings of our Common Shares until such filings are declared effective, if at all.
Q:
When may I make purchases of shares and at what price?
A:
Subscriptions to purchase our Common Shares may be made on an ongoing basis, but after the initial closing, investors may only purchase our Common Shares pursuant to accepted subscription orders effective as of the first business day of each month (based on the NAV per share as determined as of the previous day, being the last business day of the preceding month), and to be accepted, a subscription request including the full subscription amount must be received in good order at least five business days prior to the first business day of the month (unless waived by the Distributor). At the initial closing, the per share purchase price for our Common Shares will be $25.00.
Notice of each share transaction will be furnished to shareholders (or their financial representatives) as soon as practicable but not later than seven business days after the Fund’s NAV is determined and credited to the shareholder’s account, together with information relevant for personal and tax records. While a shareholder will not know our NAV applicable on the effective date of the share purchase, our NAV applicable to a purchase of shares will be available generally within 20 business days after the effective date of the share purchase; at that time, the number of shares based on that NAV and each shareholder’s purchase will be determined and shares are credited to the shareholder’s account as of the effective date of the share purchase.
See “How to Subscribe” for more details.
Q:
When will the NAV per share be available?
A:
We will report our NAV per share as of the last business day of each month within 20 business days of the last business day of each month. Because subscriptions must be submitted at least five business days prior to the first business day of each month, you will not know the NAV per share at which you will be subscribing at the time you subscribe.
For example, if you are subscribing in October, your subscription must be submitted at least five business days prior to November 1. The purchase price for your shares will be the NAV per share determined as of October 31. The NAV per share as of October 31 will generally be available within 20 business days from October 31.
Our monthly NAV per share will be available through our website after it becomes available.
Q:
May I withdraw my subscription request once I have made it?
A:
Yes. Subscribers are not committed to purchase shares at the time their subscription orders are submitted and any subscription may be canceled at any time before the time it has been accepted. You may withdraw your purchase request by notifying the transfer agent, through your financial intermediary or directly on our toll-free, automated telephone line, (888) 204-3956.
Q:
When will my subscription be accepted?
A:
Completed subscription requests will not be accepted by us any earlier than two business days before the first business day of each month.
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Q:
Will I receive distributions and how often?
A:
We expect to pay regular monthly distributions, which are expected to commence with the first full calendar quarter after the commencement of the Fund’s operations. The Board of Trustees, in its sole discretion, may cause the Fund to pay one or more monthly distributions earlier than the first full calendar quarter after the commencement of the Fund’s operations, taking into consideration the proceeds received at the initial closing, the investment of such proceeds, investment income and other investment proceeds received by the Fund and the Fund’s expenses. Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our Board of Trustees, considering factors such as our earnings, cash flow, capital needs and general financial condition and the requirements of Delaware law. As a result, our distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time.
Our Board of Trustees’ discretion as to the payment of distributions will be directed, in substantial part, by its determination to cause us to comply with the distribution requirements applicable to a “regulated investment company’’ (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To maintain our treatment as a RIC, we generally are required to make aggregate annual distributions to our shareholders of at least 90% of our net investment income. See “Description of our Shares” and “U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters.”
The per share amount of distributions on Class S, Class D and Institutional shares generally differ because of different class-specific shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees that are deducted from the gross distributions for each share class. Specifically, distributions on Class S and Class D shares will be lower than Institutional shares because we are required to pay higher ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees with respect to the Class S and Class D shares compared to Institutional shares.
There is no assurance we will pay distributions in any particular amount, if at all. We may fund any distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. The extent to which we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the level of participation in our distribution reinvestment plan, how quickly we invest the proceeds from this and any future offering and the performance of our investments. Funding distributions from the sales of assets, borrowings, return of capital or proceeds of this offering will result in us having less funds available to acquire investments. As a result, the return you realize on your investment may be reduced. Doing so may also negatively impact our ability to generate cash flows. Likewise, funding distributions from the sale of additional securities will dilute your interest in us on a percentage basis and may impact the value of your investment especially if we sell these securities at prices less than the price you paid for your shares. We believe the likelihood that we pay distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will be higher in the early stages of the offering.
Q:
Will the distributions I receive be taxable as ordinary income?
A:
Generally, distributions that you receive, including cash distributions that are reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, will be taxed as ordinary income to the extent they are paid from our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Dividends received will generally not be eligible to be taxed at the lower U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to individuals for “qualified dividends.”
We may designate a portion of distributions as capital gain dividends taxable at capital gain rates to the extent we recognize net capital gains from sales of assets. In addition, a portion of your distributions may be considered return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Amounts considered a return of capital generally will not be subject to tax, but will instead reduce the tax basis of your investment. This, in effect, defers a portion of your tax until your shares are repurchased, you sell your shares or we are liquidated, at which time you generally will be taxed at capital gains rates. Because each investor’s tax position is different, you should consult with your tax advisor. In particular, non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors regarding potential withholding taxes on distributions that they receive. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters.”
Q:
May I reinvest my cash distributions in additional shares?
A:
Yes. We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan whereby shareholders (other than Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont and Washington investors and clients of certain participating brokers that do not permit automatic enrollment in our
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distribution reinvestment plan) will have their cash distributions automatically reinvested in additional Common Shares unless they elect to receive their distributions in cash. Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Vermont and Washington investors and clients of certain participating brokers that do not permit automatic enrollment in our distribution reinvestment plan will automatically receive their distributions in cash unless they elect to have their cash distributions reinvested in additional Common Shares. If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, the cash distributions attributable to the class of shares that you own will be automatically invested in additional Common Shares. The purchase price for shares purchased under our distribution reinvestment plan will be equal to the most recent NAV per share for such shares at the time the distribution is payable. Shareholders will not pay upfront selling commissions when purchasing shares under our distribution reinvestment plan; however, all shares, including those purchased under our distribution reinvestment plan, will be subject to ongoing shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees. Participants may terminate their participation in the distribution reinvestment plan by providing written notice to the Plan Administrator (defined below) five business days in advance of the first business day of the next month in order for a shareholder’s termination to be effective for such month. See “Description of Our Shares” and “Distribution Reinvestment Plan.”
Q:
Can I request that my shares be repurchased?
A:
Yes, subject to limitations. Beginning no later than the first full calendar quarter after the commencement of our operations, and at the discretion of our Board of Trustees, we intend to commence a share repurchase program in which we intend to offer for repurchase, in each quarter, up to 5% of our Common Shares outstanding (either by number of shares or aggregate NAV). We do not intend to commence a share repurchase offer during any calendar quarter for which our liquid assets plus available and undrawn leverage are less than 25% of our net assets as of the date of the most recent publicly available NAV prior to the commencement of such calendar quarter. In addition, our Board of Trustees may amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase program at any time if it deems such action to be in our best interest and the best interest of our shareholders. As a result, share repurchases may not be available each quarter. We intend to conduct such repurchase offers in accordance with the requirements of Rule 13e-4 promulgated under the Exchange Act and the 1940 Act. All shares purchased by us pursuant to the terms of each tender offer will be retired and thereafter will be authorized and unissued shares.
Under our share repurchase plan, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers on or around the last business day of that quarter (the “Repurchase Date”) using a purchase price equal to the NAV per share as of the last business day of the applicable quarter, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year may be repurchased at 98% of such NAV (an “Early Repurchase Deduction”). The one-year holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
In the event the amount of shares tendered exceeds the repurchase offer amount, shares will be repurchased on a pro rata basis. All unsatisfied repurchase requests must be resubmitted in the next quarterly tender offer, or upon the recommencement of the share repurchase plan, as applicable.
The majority of our assets will consist of instruments that cannot generally be readily liquidated without impacting our ability to realize full value upon their disposition. Therefore, we may not always have sufficient liquid resources to make repurchase offers. In order to provide liquidity for share repurchases, we intend to generally maintain under normal circumstances an allocation to syndicated loans and other liquid investments. We may fund repurchase requests from sources other than cash flow from operations, including, without limitation, the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital or offering proceeds, and we have no limits on the amounts we may pay from such sources. However, we do not intend to commence a share repurchase offer during any calendar quarter for which our liquid assets plus available and undrawn leverage are less than 25% of our net assets as of the date of the most recent publicly available NAV prior to the commencement of such calendar quarter. For purposes of the foregoing calculation, our liquid assets are those that we reasonably expect can be sold in current market conditions within seven business days without significantly changing the market price of the investment. In addition, should making repurchase offers, in our judgment, place an undue burden on our liquidity, adversely affect our operations or risk having an adverse impact on the Fund as a whole, or should we otherwise determine that investing our liquid assets in originated loans or other illiquid investments
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rather than repurchasing our shares is in the best interests of the Fund as a whole, then we may choose to offer to repurchase fewer shares than described above, or none at all. See “Share Repurchase Program.”
Q:
What is a business development company, or BDC?
A:
Congress created the business development company, or BDC, through the Small Business Investment Incentive Act of 1980 to facilitate capital investment in small and middle market companies. Closed-end investment companies organized in the U.S. that elect to be treated as BDCs under the 1940 Act are subject to specific provisions of the law, most notably that at least 70% of their total assets must be “qualifying assets”. Qualifying assets are generally defined as privately offered debt or equity securities of U.S. private companies or U.S. publicly traded companies with market capitalizations less than $250 million.
Q:
What is a regulated investment company, or RIC?
A:
We intend to elect to be treated for federal income tax purposes, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under the Code.
In general, a RIC is a company that:
is a BDC or registered investment company that combines the capital of many investors to acquire securities;
offers the benefits of a securities portfolio under professional management;
satisfies various requirements of the Code, including an asset diversification requirement; and
is generally not subject to U.S. federal corporate income taxes on its net taxable income that it currently distributes to its shareholders, which substantially eliminates the “double taxation” (i.e., taxation at both the corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from investments in a C corporation.
Q:
What is a non-exchange traded, perpetual-life BDC?
A:
A non-exchange traded BDC is a BDC whose shares are not listed for trading on a stock exchange or other securities market. We use the term “perpetual-life BDC” to describe an investment vehicle of indefinite duration, whose Common Shares are intended to be sold by the BDC monthly on a continuous basis at a price generally equal to the BDC’s monthly NAV per share. In our perpetual-life structure, we may offer investors an opportunity to repurchase their shares on a quarterly basis, but we are not obligated to offer to repurchase any in any particular quarter in our discretion. We believe that our perpetual nature enables us to execute a patient and opportunistic strategy and be able to invest across different market environments. This may reduce the risk of the Fund being a forced seller of assets in market downturns compared to non-perpetual funds. While we may consider a liquidity event at any time in the future, we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our Declaration of Trust or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time.
Q:
Will I be notified of how my investment is doing?
A:
Yes. We will provide you with periodic updates on the performance of your investment with us, including:
quarterly financial reports and investor statements;
an annual report;
in the case of certain U.S. shareholders, an annual Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 1099-DIV or IRS Form 1099-B, if required, and, in the case of non-U.S. shareholders, an annual IRS Form 1042-S;
confirmation statements (after transactions affecting your balance, except reinvestment of distributions in us and certain transactions through minimum account investment or withdrawal programs); and
a quarterly statement providing material information regarding your participation in the distribution reinvestment plan and an annual statement providing tax information with respect to income earned on shares under the distribution reinvestment plan for the calendar year.
Depending on legal requirements, we may post this information on our website, www.bdebt.com when available, or provide this information to you via U.S. mail or other courier, electronic delivery, or some combination of the foregoing. Information about us will also be available on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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In addition, our monthly NAV per share will be available through our website after it has become available.
Q:
What fees do you pay to the Advisers?
A:
Pursuant to the advisory agreement between us and the Investment Adviser (the “Advisory Agreement”), the Investment Adviser is responsible for, among other things, identifying investment opportunities, monitoring our investors and determining the composition of our portfolio. We will pay the Investment Adviser a fee for its services under the Advisory Agreement consisting of two components: a management fee and an incentive fee.
The management fee is payable monthly in arrears at an annual rate of 1.25% of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first business day of the applicable month.
The incentive fee will consist of two components as follows:
The income component of the incentive fee will be the amount, if positive, equal to 12.5% of the aggregate net investment income before incentive compensation earned for the most recent calendar quarter and the preceding eleven calendar quarters (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since commencement of the fund), less aggregate income incentive compensation previously paid with respect to the first eleven calendar quarters (or the portion thereof) included in the relevant trailing twelve quarters.
The income component of the incentive fee is subject to a 5.0% total return hurdle on daily weighted average unreturned capital contributions (the “Hurdle Rate”). As such, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any income incentive fee to the extent the annualized trailing twelve quarter (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since the commencement of the fund) total return of the Fund (as defined below), including net realized gains and losses and net unrealized appreciation and depreciation, does not exceed the Hurdle Rate. To the extent that the Fund’s annualized total return for the relevant period exceeds the Hurdle Rate, but is less than 5.714286% of daily weighted average unreturned capital contributions, the income incentive fee will be subject to a “catch up”, calculated as 100% of the aggregate net investment income before incentive compensation earned in excess of Hurdle Rate for the relevant period. To the extent that the Fund’s annualized total return for the relevant period exceeds 5.714286%, the income component of the incentive fee will be equal to 12.5% of net investment income before incentive compensation earned in excess of this total return threshold.
The capital gains component of the incentive fee will be the amount, if positive, equal to 12.5% of the aggregate realized capital gains (computed net of realized losses and net unrealized capital depreciation, if any) for the most recent calendar quarter and the preceding eleven calendar quarters (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since commencement of the fund), less capital gains incentive compensation previously paid or distributed in respect of the first eleven calendar quarters (or the portion thereof) included in the relevant trailing twelve quarters. The capital gains component will be paid in full prior to payment of the ordinary income component.
In any case, incentive compensation (including both the income and capital gains components) will only be paid to the extent the trailing twelve quarter (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since commencement of the Fund) total return of the Fund after incentive compensation and including such payment would equal or exceed a 5% annual total return on daily weighted average unreturned contributed capital contributions for such period.
The Investment Adviser has agreed to waive its base management fee and incentive fee for the first 12 months following the date of the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Such waived fees shall not be subject to reimbursement or recoupment. The longer an investor holds our Common Shares during this period, the longer such investor will receive the benefit of this management fee waiver period.
Pursuant to the sub-investment advisory agreement between us, the Investment Adviser and the Sub-Adviser (the “Sub-Advisory Agreement”), the Investment Adviser, and not the Fund, will pay a portion of the management fee received by the Investment Adviser to the Sub-Adviser as a sub-advisory fee to the Sub-Adviser in an amount equal to a percentage of the average daily value of the Fund’s assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser.
See “Advisory Agreement, Sub-Advisory Agreement and Administrative Agreement.”
Q:
Who will administer the Fund?
A:
BlackRock Financial Management, Inc., as our administrator (the “Administrator”), will provide, or oversee the
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performance of, administrative and compliance services. We will reimburse the Administrator for its costs, expenses and the Fund’s allocable portion of compensation of the Administrator’s personnel and the Administrator’s overhead (including rent, office equipment and utilities) and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its administrative obligations under the administration agreement (the “Administration Agreement”).
The Administrator has entered into a sub-administration agreement (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”) with State Street Bank and Trust Company. The sub-administrator will receive compensation for its sub-administrative services under the Sub-Administration Agreement.
See “Advisory Agreement, Sub-Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement—Administration Agreement” and “—Sub Administration Agreement.”
Q:
What are the offering costs?
A:
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Institutional shares, however, if you buy Class S or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares and a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Institutional shares. Please consult your selling agent for additional information.
The Investment Adviser has agreed to pay all of our organization and offering expenses on our behalf (including legal, accounting, printing, mailing, subscription processing and filing fees and expenses and other offering expenses, including costs associated with technology integration between the Fund’s systems and those of our participating brokers, reasonable bona fide due diligence expenses of participating brokers supported by detailed and itemized invoices, costs in connection with preparing sales materials and other marketing expenses, design and website expenses, fees and expenses of our transfer agent, fees to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating brokers and costs, expenses and reimbursements for travel, meals, accommodations, entertainment and other similar expenses related to meetings or events with prospective investors, brokers, registered investment advisors or financial or other advisors, but excluding the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee) through the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Pursuant to the Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement we have entered into with the Investment Adviser, we will be obligated to reimburse the Investment Adviser for such advanced expenses following the commencement of the Fund’s operations, subject to an expense limitation. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Plan of Operations—Expenses—Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement.”
Q:
What are your expected operating expenses?
A:
We expect to incur operating expenses in the form of our management and incentive fees, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, interest expense on our borrowings and other expenses, including the expenses we pay to our Administrator. See “Fees and Expenses.”
Q:
What are your policies related to conflicts of interests with BlackRock and its affiliates?
A:
The Advisers, BlackRock and their affiliates (collectively, the “Firm”) will be subject to certain conflicts of interest with respect to the services the Advisers and the Administrator provide for us. These conflicts will arise primarily from the involvement of the Firm in other activities that may conflict with our activities. You should be aware that individual conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of our interest.
Broad and Wide-Ranging Activities. As a global provider of investment management, risk management and advisory services to institutional and retail clients, BlackRock, the Advisers and their respective affiliates (for purposes of this discussion of potential conflicts, the “BlackRock Entities”), engage in a broad spectrum of activities, including sponsoring and managing a variety of public and private investment funds, funds of funds and separate accounts across fixed income, liquidity, equity, alternative investment and real estate strategies; providing financial advisory services; providing technology infrastructure and analytics under the BlackRock Solutions® brand and engaging in certain broker-dealer activities and other activities. Although the relationships and activities of the BlackRock Entities should help enable these entities to offer attractive opportunities and service to the Fund, such relationships and activities create certain inherent
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actual and potential conflicts of interest. In the ordinary course of business, the BlackRock Entities engage in activities where their interests or the interests of their clients may conflict with the interests of the Fund, certain investors or a group of investors, or the Fund’s investments.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities. The BlackRock Entities manage and advise numerous Client Accounts, including BlackRock Accounts. Certain of these Client Accounts have investment objectives, and utilize investment strategies, that are similar to the Fund’s. As a result, certain investments may be appropriate for the Fund and also for other Client Accounts. The BlackRock Entities’ allocation of investment opportunities among various Client Accounts presents inherent potential and actual conflicts of interest, particularly where an investment opportunity is limited. These potential conflicts are exacerbated in situations where BlackRock is entitled to higher fees and incentive compensation from certain Client Accounts than from other Client Accounts (including the Fund), where the portfolio managers making an allocation decision are entitled to an incentive fee, carried interest or other similar compensation from such other Client Accounts, or where there are differences in proprietary investments in the Fund and other Client Accounts. The prospect of achieving higher compensation or greater investment return from another investment vehicle or separate account than from the Fund provides incentives for the Advisers or other BlackRock Entities to favor the other investment vehicle or separate account over the Fund when, for example, allocating investment opportunities that the Advisers believes could result in favorable performance. It is the policy of BlackRock not to make decisions based on the foregoing interests or greater fees or compensation.
Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of our outstanding voting securities or is managed by the Advisers will generally be an affiliate of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act and the Fund is generally prohibited from participating in certain transactions such as co-investing with, or buying or selling any security from or to, such affiliate, absent the prior approval of the Independent Trustees and, in some cases, of the SEC. However, the Investment Adviser and the funds managed by the Investment Adviser have received an order providing an exemption from certain SEC regulations prohibiting transactions with affiliates (the “Order”). The Order requires that certain procedures be followed prior to making an investment subject to the Order and such procedures could in certain circumstances adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the availability or size of the position purchased or sold by the Fund. The Investment Adviser may also face conflicts of interest in making investments pursuant to the Order.
The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain of the Fund’s affiliates, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of the Independent Trustees and, in some cases, of the SEC. The Fund is prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any person who owns more than 25% of the Fund’s voting securities and from or to certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC (other than certain limited situations pursuant to current regulatory guidance). The analysis of whether a particular transaction constitutes a joint transaction requires a review of the relevant facts and circumstances relating to the particular transaction. Similar restrictions limit the Fund’s ability to transact business with its officers or trustees or their affiliates.
To address actual and potential conflicts associated with allocation of investments, BlackRock has developed the Investment Allocation Policy and related guidelines. In addition, certain BlackRock Entities and business units have supplemental allocation policies for making allocation decisions among Client Accounts managed by such BlackRock Entities (together with the Investment Allocation Policy and related guidelines, the “Allocation Policy”). The Allocation Policy is intended to ensure that investment opportunities are allocated on a fair and equitable basis among Client Accounts over time, taking into account various factors including the Client Account’s investment objective, guidelines and restrictions and other portfolio construction considerations; available capital and liquidity needs; tax, regulatory and contractual considerations; risk or investment concentration parameters; supply or demand for a security at a given price level; size of available investment; unfunded capital commitments or cash availability and liquidity requirements; leverage limitations; regulatory restrictions; contractual restrictions (including with other clients); minimum investment size; relative size; and such other factors as may be relevant to a particular transaction or Client Account.
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As a general matter, it is expected the Fund will participate in investments deemed appropriate for the Fund’s strategy and either sourced by the investment personnel directly responsible for managing the Fund (though investments sourced by such personnel may also be allocated to other Client Accounts that may be managed by other investment teams) or made available for investment by the Fund pursuant to the terms of the Order.
Allocation of Expenses. Side-by-side management by the BlackRock Entities of the Fund and Client Accounts raises other potential and actual conflicts of interest, including those associated with allocating expenses attributable to the Fund and one or more other Client Accounts. The Advisers and their affiliates will attempt to make such allocations on a basis that they consider to be fair and equitable to the Fund under the circumstances over time and considering such factors as it deems relevant. The allocations of such expenses may not be proportional, and any such determinations involve inherent matters of discretion, e.g., in determining whether to allocate pro rata based on number of Client Accounts or proportionately in accordance with asset size, or in certain circumstances determining whether a particular expense has a greater benefit to the Fund, other Client Accounts or the Advisers and/or their affiliates.
Activities of Other Client Accounts. The BlackRock Entities will, from time to time, be actively engaged in transactions on behalf of other Client Accounts in the same investments, securities, derivatives and other instruments in which the Fund will directly or indirectly invest. Trading for certain other Client Accounts is carried out without reference to positions held directly or indirectly by the Fund and may have an effect on the value or liquidity of the positions so held or may result in another Client Account having an interest in an issuer adverse to that of the Fund.
Under certain circumstances and subject to the Order and applicable law, the Fund may invest directly or indirectly in a transaction in which one or more other Client Accounts are expected, or seek, to participate or already have made, or concurrently will make or seek to make, an investment. The Fund and the other Client Accounts may have conflicting interests and objectives in connection with such investments, including with respect to views on the operations or activities of the project or company involved, the targeted returns from the investment and the timeframe for, and method of, exiting the investment. Conflicts will also arise in cases where the Fund, directly or indirectly, and other Client Accounts invest in different parts of an issuer’s capital structure, including circumstances in which one or more Client Accounts may own private securities or obligations of an issuer and other Client Accounts may own public securities of the same issuer. If an issuer in which the Fund, directly or indirectly, and one or more other Client Accounts hold different classes of securities (or other assets, instruments or obligations issued by such issuer) encounters financial problems, decisions over the terms of any workout will raise potential conflicts of interests (including, for example, conflicts regarding the terms of recapitalizations and proposed waivers, amendments or enforcement of debt covenants). As a result, one or more Client Accounts may pursue or enforce rights with respect to a particular issuer in which the Fund has directly or indirectly invested, and those activities may have an adverse effect on the Fund. Because of the different legal rights associated with debt and equity of the same portfolio company, BlackRock expects to face a potential conflict of interest in respect of the advice given to, and the actions taken on behalf of, the Fund versus another Client Account (e.g., the terms of debt instruments, the enforcement of covenants, the terms of recapitalizations and the resolution of workouts or bankruptcies). In the event of an insolvency, bankruptcy or similar proceeding of an issuer, the Fund may be limited (by applicable law, courts or otherwise) in the positions or actions it may be permitted to take due to other interests held or actions or positions taken by other Client Accounts. In negotiating the terms and conditions of any such investments, or any subsequent amendments or waivers, the Advisers and the other BlackRock Entities may find that their own interests, the interests of the Fund and/or the interests of one or more other Client Accounts could conflict. Any of the foregoing conflicts of interest will be discussed and resolved on a case-by-case basis. The resolution of such conflicts will take into consideration the interests of the relevant parties, the circumstances giving rise to the conflict, the Order to the extent applicable and applicable law. Shareholders should be aware that conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of the Fund and that the Fund could be adversely affected by the actions taken by BlackRock Entities on behalf of Client Accounts.
In order to avoid or reduce the conflicts that may arise in cases where the Fund, directly or indirectly, and other Client Accounts invest in different parts of an issuer’s capital structure, or for other reasons, the Fund
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may choose not to invest in issuers in which other Client Accounts hold an existing investment, even if the Advisers believe such investment opportunity to be attractive and otherwise appropriate for the Fund and is permitted under applicable law, which may adversely affect the performance of the Fund.
The BlackRock Entities may also, in certain circumstances and subject to the Order and applicable law, pursue or enforce rights or take other actions with respect to a particular issuer or investment jointly on behalf of the Fund and other Client Accounts. In such circumstances, the Fund may be adversely impacted by the other Client Accounts’ activities, and transactions for the Fund may be impaired or effected at prices or terms that may be less favorable than would otherwise have been the case had the other Client Accounts not pursued a particular course of action with respect to the issuer or investment. For example, one or more Client Accounts may dispose of or make an in kind distribution of its portion of an investment that is also held by the Fund and other Client Accounts, and such action may adversely affect the Fund and such other Client Accounts that continue to hold such investment.
Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions made by the Advisers on behalf of the Fund may benefit other BlackRock Entities or Client Accounts, including BlackRock Accounts. For example, subject to the Order and applicable law, the Fund may invest directly or indirectly in the securities, bank loans or other obligations of issuers in which a Client Account has an equity, debt or other interest, or vice versa. In certain circumstances, the Advisers may be incentivized not to undertake certain actions on behalf of the Fund in connection with such investments, in view of a BlackRock Entity’s or Client Account’s involvement with the relevant issuer or investment. Further, the Fund may also engage in investment transactions that result in other Client Accounts being relieved of obligations or otherwise divesting of investments that the Fund also holds or which cause the Fund to have to divest certain investments. The purchase, holding and sale of investments by the Fund may enhance the profitability of another Client Account’s own investments in and activities with respect to such investments.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Fund may invest, directly or indirectly, in equity of investments or issuers affiliated with the BlackRock Entities or in which a BlackRock Entity or a Client Account has a direct or indirect debt or other interest, or vice versa, and may acquire such equity or debt either directly or indirectly through public or private acquisitions. Such investments may benefit the BlackRock Entities or Client Accounts. In addition, the Advisers may be incentivized not to undertake certain actions on behalf of the Fund in connection with such investments, in view of a BlackRock Entity’s or Client Account’s involvement with the relevant issuer or investment.
Transactions Between Client Accounts. Each of the BlackRock Entities and the Advisers reserve the right to conduct cross trades between the Fund and other Client Accounts in accordance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The Advisers may cause the Fund to purchase securities or other assets from or sell securities or other assets to, or engage in other transactions with, other Client Accounts or vehicles when the Advisers believes such transactions are appropriate and in the participants’ best interest, subject to applicable law. The Fund may enter into “agency cross transactions,” in which a BlackRock Entity may act as broker for the Fund and for the other party to the transaction, to the extent permitted under applicable law and the relevant Client Account governing documents. In such cases, the Advisers and such other Client Accounts or BlackRock Entities, as applicable, may have a potentially conflicting division of loyalties and responsibilities regarding both parties to the transaction. To the extent that any provision of Section 11(a) of the Exchange Act, or any of the rules promulgated thereunder, is applicable to any transactions effected by the Advisers, such transactions will be effected in accordance with the requirements of such provisions and rules.
Management of the Fund. In connection with the management of the Fund, the Board of Trustees and/or the Advisers will have the right to make certain determinations on behalf of the Fund, in its discretion. Any such determinations may affect shareholders differently and some shareholders may be adversely affected by such determinations by the Board of Trustees or Advisers. Shareholders may be situated differently in a number of ways, including being resident of, or organized in, various jurisdictions, being subject to different tax rules or regulatory structures and/or having different internally- or externally-imposed investment policies, restrictions or guidelines. As a result, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with decisions made by the Board of Trustees or the Advisers that may be more beneficial for certain
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shareholders. In making determinations on behalf of the Fund, including in structuring and completing investments, the Advisers intend to consider the investment and tax objectives of the Fund and the shareholders as a whole, not the investment, tax or other objectives of any shareholder individually.
Limited Access to Information; Information Advantage of Certain BlackRock Clients. As a result of receiving client reports, service on a Client Account’s advisory board, affiliation with the Advisers or otherwise, one or more BlackRock clients may have access to different information regarding the BlackRock Entities’ transactions, strategies or views, and may act on such information in accounts not controlled by the BlackRock Entities, which may have a material adverse effect on the performance of the Fund. The Fund and its investments may also be adversely affected by market movements or by decreases in the pool of available securities or liquidity arising from purchases and sales by, as well as increases of capital in, and withdrawals of capital from, other Client Accounts and other accounts of BlackRock clients not controlled by BlackRock. These effects can be more pronounced in respect of investments with limited capacity and in thinly traded securities and less liquid markets.
Furthermore, shareholders’ rights to information regarding the Advisers or the Fund generally will be limited to applicable reporting obligations and information requirements under the Exchange Act and applicable state laws. It is anticipated that the Advisers and their affiliates will obtain certain types of material information from or relating to the Fund’s investments that will not be disclosed to shareholders because such disclosure is prohibited, including as a result of contractual, legal or similar obligations outside of BlackRock’s control. Such limitations on the disclosure of such information may have adverse consequences for shareholders in a variety of circumstances and may make it difficult for a shareholder to monitor the Advisers and its performance.
Advisers’ Decisions May Benefit BlackRock Entities and BlackRock Accounts. BlackRock Entities may derive ancillary benefits from certain decisions made on behalf of the Fund. While the Advisers will make decisions for the Fund in accordance with their obligations to manage the Fund appropriately, the fees, allocations, compensation and other benefits to the BlackRock Entities (including benefits relating to business relationships of the BlackRock Entities) may be greater as a result of certain portfolio, investment, service provider or other decisions made by the Advisers for the Fund than they would have been had other decisions been made which also might have been appropriate for the Fund. In addition, BlackRock Entities may invest in Client Accounts and therefore may indirectly derive ancillary benefits from certain decisions made by the Advisers. The Advisers may also make decisions and exercise discretion with respect to the Fund that could benefit BlackRock Entities that have invested in the Fund.
Management Responsibilities. The employees and directors of the Advisers or their affiliates are not under any obligation to devote all of their professional time to the affairs of the Fund, but will devote such time and attention to the affairs of the Fund as BlackRock determines in its discretion is necessary to carry out the operations of the Fund effectively. Employees and directors of the Advisers engage in other activities unrelated to the affairs of the Fund, including managing or advising other Client Accounts, which presents potential conflicts in allocating management time, services and functions among the Fund and other Client Accounts. These potential conflicts will be exacerbated in situations where employees may be entitled to greater incentive compensation or other remuneration from certain Client Accounts than from other Client Accounts (including the Fund).
The Advisers may, subject to applicable law, utilize the personnel or services of its affiliates in a variety of ways to make available to the Fund BlackRock’s global capabilities. Although the Advisers believes this practice generally is in the best interests of clients, it is possible that conflicts with respect to allocation of investment opportunities, portfolio execution, client servicing or other matters may arise due to differences in regulatory requirements in various jurisdictions, time differences or other reasons. The Advisers will seek to ameliorate any conflicts that arise and may determine not to utilize the personnel or services of a particular affiliate in circumstances where it believes the potential conflict outweighs the potential benefits.
Potential Restrictions on the Advisers’ Activities on Behalf of the Fund. From time to time, the Advisers expect to be restricted from purchasing or selling securities or taking other actions on behalf of the Fund because of regulatory and legal requirements applicable to BlackRock Entities, other Client Accounts and/or the Advisers’ internal policies designed to comply with or limit the applicability of, or which otherwise relate to, such requirements. An investment fund not advised by BlackRock Entities may not be
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subject to the same considerations. There may be periods when the Advisers (on behalf of the Fund) may not initiate or recommend certain types of transactions, may limit or delay purchases, may sell or redeem existing investments, forego transactions or other investment opportunities, restrict or limit the exercise of rights (including voting rights), or may otherwise restrict or limit their advice with respect to securities or instruments issued by or related to issuers for which BlackRock Entities are performing advisory or other services. Such policies may restrict the Fund’s activities more than required by applicable law. For example, when BlackRock Entities are engaged to provide advisory or risk management services for an issuer, the Fund may be prohibited from or limited in purchasing or selling interests of that issuer, particularly in cases where BlackRock Entities have or may obtain material non-public information about the issuer. Similar prohibitions or limitations could also arise if: (i) BlackRock Entity personnel serve as directors or officers of issuers, the securities or other interests of which the Fund wishes to purchase or sell, (ii) the Advisers on behalf of the Fund participates in a transaction (including a controlled acquisition of a U.S. public company) that results in the requirement to restrict all purchases, sales and voting of equity securities of such target issuer, or (iii) regulations, including portfolio affiliation rules or stock exchange rules, prohibit participation in offerings by an issuer when other Client Accounts have prior holdings of such issuer’s securities or desire to participate in such a public offering, or where other Client Accounts have or may have short positions in such issuer’s securities. However, where permitted by applicable law, and where consistent with the BlackRock Entities’ policies and procedures, the BlackRock Entities may, but are not obligated to, seek to avoid such prohibitions or limitations (such as through the implementation of appropriate information barriers), and in such cases, the Advisers on behalf of the Fund may purchase or sell securities or instruments that are issued by such issuers. In addition, certain activities and actions may also be considered to result in reputational risk or disadvantage for the management of the Fund and/or for the Advisers and their affiliates, and the Advisers may decline or limit an investment opportunity or dispose of an existing investment as a result.
In addition, in regulated industries and in certain markets, and in certain futures and derivative transactions, there are limits on the aggregate amount of investment by affiliated investors that may not be exceeded without a regulatory filing, the grant of a license or other regulatory or corporate consent. For example, the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the U.S. commodities exchanges and certain non-U.S. exchanges have established limits referred to as “speculative position limits” or “position limits” on the maximum long or short (or, for some commodities, the gross) positions which any person or group of persons may own, hold or control in certain futures or options on futures contracts, and such rules generally require aggregation of the positions owned, held or controlled by related entities. Any such limits may prevent the Fund from acquiring positions that might otherwise have been desirable or profitable. Under certain circumstances, the Advisers may restrict a purchase or sale of securities, derivative instruments or other assets on behalf of Client Accounts in anticipation of a future conflict that may arise if such purchase or sale would be made. Any such determination will take into consideration the interests of the relevant Client Accounts, the circumstances that would give rise to the future conflict and applicable law. Such determination will be made on a case by case basis.
Other Services and Activities of the BlackRock Entities. Subject to the Governing Documents of the Fund and applicable law, the BlackRock Entities (including the Advisers) will, from time to time, provide financial, consulting and other services to, and receive compensation from, an entity which is the issuer of a security or other investment held by the Fund, counterparties to transactions with the Fund or third parties that also provide services to the Fund. In addition, the BlackRock Entities (including the Advisers) may purchase property (including securities) from, sell property (including securities) or lend funds to, or otherwise deal with, any entity which is the issuer of a security held by the Fund, counterparties to transactions with the Fund or third parties that also provide services to the Fund. It is also likely that the Fund will have multiple business relationships with and will invest in, engage in transactions with, make voting decisions with respect to, or obtain services from entities for which BlackRock Entities perform or seek to perform certain financial services. There can be no assurance that no other service provider is more qualified to provide such services, could provide such services at a lesser cost or could provide greater benefits to issuers of securities held by the Fund, counterparties to transactions with the Fund or third parties that also provide services to the Fund. Conflicts are expected to arise in connection with the foregoing.
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The BlackRock Entities may derive ancillary benefits from providing investment advisory, administrative and other services to the Fund, and providing such services to the Fund may enhance the BlackRock Entities’ relationships with various parties, facilitate additional business development, and enable the BlackRock Entities to obtain additional business and generate additional revenue.
Potential Restrictions and Issues Relating to Information Held by BlackRock. The Advisers may not have access to information and personnel of all BlackRock Entities, including as a result of informational barriers constructed between different investment teams and groups within BlackRock focusing on alternative investments and otherwise. Therefore, the Advisers may not be able to manage the Fund with the benefit of information held by one or more other investment teams and groups within the BlackRock Entities. However, although they are under no obligation to do so, if they are permitted to do so, the Advisers may consult with personnel on other investment teams and in other groups within BlackRock, or with persons unaffiliated with BlackRock, or may form investment policy committees composed of such personnel, and in certain circumstances, personnel of affiliates of the Advisers may have input into, or make determinations regarding, portfolio management transactions for the Fund, and may receive information regarding the Advisers’ proposed investment activities for the Fund that generally is not available to the public. There will be no obligation on the part of such persons to make available for use by the Fund any information or strategies known to them or developed in connection with their own client, proprietary or other activities. In addition, BlackRock will be under no obligation to make available any research or analysis prior to its public dissemination.
The Advisers makes decisions for the Fund based on the Fund’s investment program. The Advisers from time to time may have access to certain fundamental analysis, research and proprietary technical models developed by BlackRock Entities and their personnel. There will be no obligation on the part of the BlackRock Entities to make available for use by the Fund, or to effect transactions on behalf of the Fund on the basis of, any such information, strategies, analyses or models known to them or developed in connection with their own proprietary or other activities. In certain cases, such personnel will be prohibited from disclosing or using such information for their own benefit or for the benefit of any other person, including the Fund and other Client Accounts. In other cases, fundamental analyses, research and proprietary models developed internally may be used by various BlackRock Entities and their personnel on behalf of different Client Accounts, which could result in purchase or sale transactions in the same security at different times (and could potentially result in certain transactions being made by one portfolio manager on behalf of certain Client Accounts before similar transactions are made by a different portfolio manager on behalf of other Client Accounts), or could also result in different purchase and sale transactions being made with respect to the same security. The Advisers may also effect transactions for the Fund that differ from fundamental analysis, research or proprietary models issued by the BlackRock Entities or by the Advisers themselves in various contexts. The foregoing transactions may negatively impact the Fund and its direct and indirect investments through market movements or by decreasing the pool of available securities or liquidity, which effects can be more pronounced in thinly traded securities and less liquid markets.
The BlackRock Entities and different investment teams and groups within the Advisers have no obligation to seek information or to make available to or share with the Fund any third-party manager with which the Fund invests any information, research, investment strategies, opportunities or ideas known to BlackRock Entity personnel or developed or used in connection with other clients or activities. The BlackRock Entities and different investment teams and groups within the Advisers may compete with the Fund or any third-party manager with which the Fund invests for appropriate investment opportunities on behalf of their other Client Accounts. The results of the investment activities of the Fund may differ materially from the results achieved by BlackRock Entities for other Client Accounts. BlackRock Entities may give advice and take action with respect to other Client Accounts that may compete or conflict with the advice the Advisers may give to the Fund, including with respect to their view of the operations or activities of an investment, the return of an investment, the timing or nature of action relating to an investment or the method of exiting an investment.
BlackRock Entities May Restrict Transactions for Themselves, but not for the Fund, or Vice Versa. BlackRock Entities and certain of their personnel, including the Advisers’ personnel or other BlackRock Entity personnel advising or otherwise providing services to the Fund, may be in possession of information
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not available to all BlackRock Entity personnel, and such personnel may act on the basis of such information in ways that have adverse effects on the Fund. The Fund could sustain losses during periods in which BlackRock Entities and other Client Accounts achieve significant profits.
Resolution of Conflicts. Any conflicts of interest that arise between the Fund or particular shareholders, on the one hand, and other Client Accounts or BlackRock Entities or affiliates thereof, on the other hand, will be discussed and resolved on a case-by-case basis by business, legal and compliance officers of the Advisers and their affiliates, as applicable. Any such discussions will take into consideration the interests of the relevant parties and the circumstances giving rise to the conflicts. Shareholders should be aware that conflicts will not necessarily be resolved in favor of the interests of the Fund or any affected shareholder. There can be no assurance that any actual or potential conflicts of interest will not result in the Fund receiving less favorable investment or other terms with respect to investments, transactions or services than if such conflicts of interest did not exist.
Potential Impact on the Fund. It is difficult to predict the circumstances under which one or more of the foregoing conflicts could become material, but it is possible that such relationships could require the Fund to refrain from making all or a portion of any investment or a disposition in order for BlackRock to comply with its fiduciary duties, the 1940 Act, Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”) or other applicable law. The Advisers may, under certain circumstances, seek to have conflicts or transactions involving conflicts approved in accordance with the governing agreements of the Fund. Copies of Part 2A of each of the Advisers’ Form ADV, which includes additional detail regarding conflicts of interest that are relevant to BlackRock’s investment management business, are available at www.sec.gov and will be provided to prospective shareholders and shareholders upon request.
The foregoing list of conflicts does not purport to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the actual and potential conflicts involved in an investment in the Fund. Prospective investors should read the Fund’s offering documents and consult with their own advisors before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Fund’s investment program develops and changes over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to additional and different actual and potential conflicts. Although the various conflicts discussed herein are generally described separately, prospective investors should consider the potential effects of the interplay of multiple conflicts.
See “Potential Conflicts of Interest” for additional information about conflicts of interest that could impact the Fund.
Q:
Are there any ERISA considerations in connection with an investment in our shares?
A:
We intend to conduct our affairs so that our assets should not be deemed to constitute “plan assets” under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) and certain U.S. Department of Labor regulations promulgated thereunder, as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “Plan Asset Regulations”). In this regard, until such time as all classes of the Common Shares are considered “publicly-offered securities” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations, the Fund intends to limit investment in our Common Shares so that holdings by “benefit plan investors” are not “significant” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations (and as discussed further below under “Restrictions on Share Ownership”).
In addition, each prospective investor that is, or is acting on behalf of any (i) “employee benefit plan” (within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA) that is subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii) “plan” described in Section 4975(e)(1) of the Code that is subject to Section 4975 of the Code (including, for example, an individual retirement account and a “Keogh” plan), (iii) plan, account or other arrangement that is subject to the provisions of any other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of ERISA or the Code (collectively, “Similar Laws”), or (iv) entity whose underlying assets are considered to include the assets of any of the foregoing described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) (each of the foregoing described in clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) referred to as a “Plan”), must independently determine that our Common Shares are an appropriate investment for the Plan, taking into account its obligations under ERISA, the Code and applicable Similar Laws, and the facts and circumstances of each investing Plan.
Prospective investors should carefully review the matters discussed under “Risk Factors” and “Restrictions on Share Ownership” and should consult with their own advisors as to the consequences of making an investment in the Fund.
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Q:
What is the impact of being an “emerging growth company”?
A:
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined by the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
have an auditor attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”);
submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes pursuant to the “say on frequency” and “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010; or
disclose certain executive compensation related items, such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means that an emerging growth company can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies.
We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of: (1) the last date of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (2) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined under Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act which will not be the case for so long as our Common Shares are not traded on a securities exchange.
We do not believe that being an emerging growth company will have a significant impact on our business or this offering. We have elected to opt in to the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards available to emerging growth companies. Also, because we are not a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer under Section 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and will not be for so long as our Common Shares are not traded on a securities exchange, we will not be subject to auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act even once we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, so long as we are externally managed by the Advisers and we do not directly compensate our executive officers, or reimburse the Advisers or their affiliates for the salaries, bonuses, benefits and severance payments for persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as executive officers of the Advisers, we do not expect to include disclosures relating to executive compensation in our periodic reports or proxy statements and, as a result, do not expect to be required to seek shareholder approval of executive compensation and golden parachute compensation arrangements pursuant to Section 14A(a) and (b) of the Exchange Act.
Q:
When will I get my detailed tax information?
A:
In the case of certain U.S. shareholders, we expect your IRS Form 1099-DIV tax information, if required, to be mailed by January 31 of each year.
Q:
Who can help answer my questions?
A:
If you have more questions about this offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your financial adviser or our transfer agent: State Street Bank and Trust Company, at State Street Bank and Trust Company, Transfer Agency, One Heritage Drive, North Quincy, MA 02171.
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FEES AND EXPENSES
The following table is intended to assist you in understanding the costs and expenses that an investor in Common Shares will bear, directly or indirectly. Other expenses are estimated and may vary. Actual expenses may be greater or less than shown.
 
Class S
Shares
Class D
Shares
Institutional
Shares
Shareholder transaction expenses (fees paid directly from your investment)
 
 
 
Maximum sales load(1)
%
%
%
Maximum Early Repurchase Deduction(2)
2.0%
2.0%
2.0%
 
Class S
Shares
Class D
Shares
Institutional
Shares
Annual expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to our Common Shares)(3)
 
 
 
Base management fees(4)(5)
1.25%
1.25%
1.25%
Incentive fees(6)
%
%
%
Shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees(7)
0.85%
0.25%
%
Interest payment on borrowed funds(8)
3.44%
3.44%
3.44%
Other expenses(9)
1.25%
1.25%
1.25%
Total annual expenses(5)
6.79%
6.19%
5.94%
Fee waiver(5)
(1.25)%
(1.25)%
(1.25)%
Total annual expenses after fee waiver(5)
5.54%
4.94%
4.69%
(1)
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Institutional shares, however, if you buy Class S or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares and a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Institutional shares. Please consult your selling agent for additional information. We have submitted an application to the SEC for an exemptive order to permit us to offer multiple classes of our Common Shares. Until an exemptive order satisfactory to us is granted, we will only offer Institutional shares and will not issue Class S or Class D shares.
(2)
Under our share repurchase plan, to the extent we offer to repurchase shares in any particular quarter, we expect to repurchase shares pursuant to tender offers on or around the last business day of that quarter using a purchase price equal to the NAV per share as of the last business day of the applicable quarter, except that shares that have not been outstanding for at least one year will be repurchased at 98% of such NAV. The one-year holding period is measured as of the subscription closing date immediately following the prospective repurchase date. The Early Repurchase Deduction may be waived in the case of repurchase requests arising from the death, divorce or qualified disability of the holder. The Early Repurchase Deduction will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of remaining shareholders.
(3)
Weighted average net assets employed as the denominator for expense ratio computation is $500,000,000. This estimate is based on the assumption that we sell $800,000,000 of our Common Shares in the initial 12-month period of the offering. Actual net assets will depend on the number of shares we actually sell, realized gains/losses, unrealized appreciation/ depreciation and share repurchase activity, if any.
(4)
The base management fee paid to our Investment Adviser is calculated at an annual rate of 1.25% on of the value of our net assets as of the beginning of the first business day of the applicable month.
(5)
The Investment Adviser has contractually agreed to waive its base management fee for the first 12 months following the date of the commencement of the Fund’s operations.
(6)
The Investment Adviser has contractually agreed to waive any incentive fees for the first 12 months following the date of the commencement of the Fund’s operations. The incentive fees after such waiver period, if any, are divided into two parts:
The income component of the incentive fee will be the amount, if positive, equal to 12.5% of the aggregate net investment income before incentive compensation earned for the most recent calendar quarter and the preceding eleven calendar quarters (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since commencement of the fund), less aggregate income incentive compensation previously paid with respect to the first eleven calendar quarters (or the portion thereof) included in the relevant trailing twelve quarters.
The income component of the incentive fee is subject to a 5.0% total return hurdle on daily weighted average unreturned capital contributions (the “Hurdle Rate”). As such, the Fund will not be obligated to pay any income incentive fee to the extent the annualized trailing twelve quarter (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since the commencement of the fund) total return of the Fund (as defined below), including net realized gains and losses and net unrealized appreciation and depreciation, does not exceed the Hurdle Rate. To the extent that the Fund’s annualized total return for the relevant period exceeds the Hurdle Rate, but is less than 5.714286% of daily weighted average unreturned capital contributions, the income incentive fee will be subject to a “catch up”, calculated as 100% of the aggregate net investment income before incentive compensation earned in excess of Hurdle Rate for the relevant period. To the extent that the Fund’s annualized total return for the relevant period exceeds 5.714286%, the income component of the incentive fee will be equal to 12.5% of net investment income before incentive compensation earned in excess of this total return threshold.
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The capital gains component of the incentive fee will be the amount, if positive, equal to 12.5% of the aggregate realized capital gains (computed net of realized losses and net unrealized capital depreciation, if any) for the most recent calendar quarter and the preceding eleven calendar quarters (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since commencement of the fund), less capital gains incentive compensation previously paid or distributed in respect of the first eleven calendar quarters (or the portion thereof) included in the relevant trailing twelve quarters. The capital gains component will be paid in full prior to payment of the ordinary income component.
In any case, incentive compensation (including both the income and capital gains components) will only be paid to the extent the trailing twelve quarter (or if shorter, the number of calendar quarters that have occurred since commencement of the fund) total return of the Fund after incentive compensation and including such payment would equal or exceed a 5% annual total return on daily weighted average unreturned contributed capital contributions for such period.
As we cannot predict whether we will meet the necessary performance targets, we have assumed no incentive fee for this chart. Once fully invested, we expect the incentive fees we pay to increase to the extent we earn greater income or generate capital gains through our investments in portfolio companies. If we achieved an annualized total return of 5.0% for each quarter, no incentive fees would be payable to the Investment Adviser because the hurdle rate was not exceeded. See “Advisory Agreement, Sub-Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement” for more information concerning the incentive fees.
(7)
Subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation, we will also pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the Distributor: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class S shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month and (b) for Class D shares, a shareholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class D shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month. No shareholder servicing fees will be paid with respect to the Institutional shares. The total amount that will be paid over time for other underwriting compensation depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments. We will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Institutional shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. In addition, as required by exemptive relief allowing us to offer multiple classes of shares, at the end of the month in which the Distributor in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, and shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees paid with respect to any single share held in a shareholder’s account would exceed, in the aggregate, 10% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such share (or a lower limit as determined by the Distributor or the applicable selling agent), we will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on either (i) each such share that would exceed such limit or (ii) all Class S and Class D shares in such shareholder’s account. We may modify this requirement if permitted by applicable exemptive relief. At the end of such month, the applicable Class S and Class D shares in such shareholder’s account will convert into a number of Institutional shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such Class S and Class D shares. See “Plan of Distribution” and “Estimated Use of Proceeds.” The total underwriting compensation and total organization and offering expenses will not exceed 10% and 15%, respectively, of the gross proceeds from this offering.
(8)
We may borrow funds to make investments, including before we have fully invested the proceeds of this continuous offering. To the extent that we determine it is appropriate to borrow funds to make investments, the costs associated with such borrowing will be indirectly borne by shareholders. The figure in the table assumes that we borrow for investment purposes an amount equal to 125% of our weighted average net assets in the initial 12-month period after the commencement of the Fund’s operations, and that the average annual cost of borrowings, including the amortization of cost associated with obtaining borrowings and unused commitment fees, on the amount borrowed is 2.75%. Our ability to incur leverage during the 12 months following the commencement of the Fund’s operations depends, in large part, on the amount of money we are able to raise through the sale of shares registered in this offering and the availability of financing in the market.
(9)
“Other expenses” include accounting, legal and auditing fees, reimbursement of expenses to our Administrator, organization and offering expenses and fees payable to our Trustees, as discussed in “Plan of Operation.” The amount presented in the table estimates the amounts we expect to pay during the initial 12-month period after the commencement of the Fund’s operations.
We have entered into a Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement with the Investment Adviser, pursuant to which the Investment Adviser will pay our organizational and offering expenses on our behalf. The Investment Adviser will be entitled to reimbursement of such expenses from us during the 36 months following the commencement of the Fund’s operations, to the extent that the Fund’s annual Operating Expenses (as defined herein) do not exceed 1.25% of the value of the Fund’s net assets, calculated monthly based on month-end net assets of the Fund. See “Plan of Operations—Expenses—Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement” for additional information regarding the Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement.
Example: We have provided an example of the projected dollar amount of total expenses that would be incurred over various periods with respect to a hypothetical $1,000 investment in each class of our Common Shares. In calculating the following expense amounts, we have assumed that: (1) that our annual operating expenses and offering expenses remain at the levels set forth in the table above, except to reduce annual expenses upon completion of recoupment
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of organization and offering expenses, (2) that the annual return before fees and expenses is 5.0%, (3) that the net return after payment of fees and expenses is distributed to shareholders and reinvested at NAV and (4) your financial intermediary does not directly charge you transaction or other fees.
Class S shares
Return Assumption
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income:
$56
$191
$321
$641
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains:
$56
$191
$321
$641
Class D shares
Return Assumption
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income:
$51
$174
$296
$600
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains:
$51
$174
$296
$600
Institutional shares
Return Assumption
1 Year
3 Years
5 Years
10 Years
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 investment, assuming a 5.0% annual return from net investment income:
$48
$168
$285
$583
Total expenses assuming a 5.0% annual return solely from net realized capital gains:
$48
$168
$285
$583
While the examples assume a 5.0% annual return on investment before fees and expenses, our performance will vary and may result in an annual return that is greater or less than this. These examples should not be considered a representation of your future expenses. If we achieve sufficient returns on our investments to trigger a quarterly incentive fee on income and/or if we achieve net realized capital gains in excess of 5.0%, both our returns to our shareholders and our expenses would be higher. See “Advisory Agreement, Sub-Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement” for information concerning incentive fees.
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RISK FACTORS
Investing in our Common Shares involves a number of significant risks. The following information is a discussion of the material risk factors associated with an investment in our Common Shares specifically, as well as those factors generally associated with an investment in a company with investment objectives, investment policies, capital structure or traders markets similar to ours. In addition to the other information contained in this prospectus, you should consider carefully the following information before making an investment in our Common Shares. The risks below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or not presently deemed material by us may also impair our operations and performance. If any of the following events occur our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. In such cases, the NAV of our Common Shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
We are a relatively new company and have no operating history.
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company that will elect to be regulated as a BDC with no operating history. As a result, prospective investors have no track record or history on which to base their investment decision. We are subject to the business risks and uncertainties associated with recently formed businesses, including the risk that we will not achieve our investment objective and the value of a shareholder’s investment could decline substantially or become worthless. Further, the Investment Adviser has not previously offered a non-traded business development company. While we believe that the past professional experiences of the Investment Adviser’s investment team, including investment and financial experience of the Investment Adviser’s senior management, will increase the likelihood that the Investment Adviser will be able to manage the Fund successfully, there can be no assurance that this will be the case.
Shareholders are dependent on the judgment and abilities of the Advisers.
Shareholders will have no authority to make decisions or to exercise business discretion on behalf of the Fund, and will not have the opportunity to evaluate fully for themselves the relevant economic, financial and other information regarding the Fund’s investments. Accordingly, no potential purchaser of the Fund’s Common Shares should purchase such shares unless such purchaser is willing to entrust the management of the investments of the Fund to the Advisers.
The Fund’s performance will depend in large part upon the skill and expertise of the team of investment professionals managing the Fund’s portfolio. The future performance of the Fund depends on the continued service of such persons. The departure of any of the investment professionals of the Advisers may have an adverse effect on the profits of the Fund.
The level of analytical sophistication, both financial and legal, necessary for successful investment in the Fund’s investments is unusually high.
There is no assurance that the Advisers will correctly judge the nature and magnitude of the many factors that could affect the prospects for successful Fund investments.
Investment analyses and decisions may be undertaken on an expedited basis in order for the Fund to take advantage of available investment opportunities. In such cases, the information available at the time of an investment decision may be limited, and the Advisers may not have access to the detailed information necessary for a thorough evaluation of the investment opportunity. Further, the Advisers may have to conduct its due diligence activities over a very brief period.
Our Common Shares will not be insured or guaranteed by any person or entity, and shareholders could experience a total loss of their investment.
Our Common Shares will not be insured or guaranteed by any person or entity. The Fund will have no substantial assets other than the Fund’s investments. In the event of the dissolution of the Fund or otherwise, if the proceeds of the Fund’s assets are insufficient to repay capital contributions made to the Fund by the shareholders, no other assets will be available for the payment of any deficiency. Neither the Advisers nor their affiliates have any liability for the repayment of capital contributions made to the Fund by the shareholders. Shareholders could experience a total loss of their investment in the Fund.
An investment in our shares will have limited liquidity.
No market exists for the common shares of the Fund, and it is possible that none develops. Neither the Advisers, any placement agent nor any other person is under any obligation to make a market in the common shares of the Fund.
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Consequently, a purchaser must be prepared to hold the shares for an indefinite period of time or until the termination date of the Fund. In addition, the Common Shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and can only be transferred to certain transferees as described herein. Such restrictions on the transfer of the Common Shares may further limit the liquidity of the Common Shares.
As a public company, we are subject to regulations not applicable to private companies, such as provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Efforts to comply with such regulations will involve significant expenditures, and non-compliance with such regulations may adversely affect us.
As a public company, we are subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the related rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC. Our management is required to report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are required to review on an annual basis our internal control over financial reporting, and on a quarterly and annual basis to evaluate and disclose changes in our internal control over financial reporting. As a relatively new company, developing and maintaining an effective system of internal controls may require significant expenditures, which may negatively impact our financial performance and our ability to make distributions. This process also will result in a diversion of our management’s time and attention. We cannot be certain of when our evaluation, testing and remediation actions will be completed or the impact of the same on our operations. In addition, we may be unable to ensure that the process is effective or that our internal controls over financial reporting are or will be effective in a timely manner. In the event that we are unable to develop or maintain an effective system of internal controls and maintain or achieve compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and related rules, we may be adversely affected.
We are not required to comply with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including the internal control evaluation and certification requirements of Section 404, and will not be required to comply with all of those requirements until we have been subject to the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act for a specified period of time or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. Accordingly, our internal controls over financial reporting do not currently meet all of the standards contemplated by Section 404 that we will eventually be required to meet. We are in the process of addressing our internal controls over financial reporting and are establishing formal procedures, policies, processes and practices related to financial reporting and to the identification of key financial reporting risks, assessment of their potential impact and linkage of those risks to specific areas and activities within the Fund.
Our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until the later of the year following our first annual report required to be filed with the SEC, or the date we are no longer an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act. Because we do not currently have comprehensive documentation of our internal controls and have not yet tested our internal controls in accordance with Section 404, we cannot conclude in accordance with Section 404 that we do not have a material weakness in our internal controls or a combination of significant deficiencies that could result in the conclusion that we have a material weakness in our internal controls.
A BlackRock credit event could adversely affect our business.
Although the Fund and the Advisers are separate legal entities from BlackRock, in the event that BlackRock were to experience material financial distress or a downgrade in its credit rating, or if there were a change of control of BlackRock, the Fund could nonetheless be adversely affected. In that regard, financial distress, a credit rating downgrade or change of control of BlackRock or the Advisers could cause the Advisers to have difficulty retaining personnel or otherwise adversely affect the Fund and its ability to achieve its investment objective. Such an event may also cause a default with respect to indebtedness incurred by the Fund.
Shareholders will not have any direct interest in our investments.
The offering of Common Shares does not constitute a direct or indirect offering of interests in the Fund’s investments. Shareholders will have no direct interest in the Fund’s investments and generally will have no voting rights in, or standing or recourse against, any of the Fund’s investments. Moreover, none of the shareholders will have the right to participate in the control, management or operations of any of the Fund’s investments, or have any discretion over the management of any of the Fund’s investments by reason of their investment in the Fund.
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We are an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our shares less attractive to investors.
The Fund will be and will remain an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act until the earlier of (a) the last day of the fiscal year (i) in which the Fund has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (ii) in which the Fund is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, and (b) the date on which the Fund issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three- year period. For so long as the Fund remains an “emerging growth company,” we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Fund cannot predict if investors will find the Fund’s shares less attractive because the Fund will rely on some or all of these exemptions. If some investors find the Fund’s shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for the Fund’s shares and the Fund’s share price may be more volatile.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act also provides that an “emerging growth company” can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the 1933 Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. In other words, an “emerging growth company” can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The Fund will take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate the Fund since our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with public company effective dates and may result in less investor confidence.
Our investments in prospective portfolio companies may be risky, and we could lose all or part of our investment.
General. The Fund’s investments may be risky, and shareholders could lose all or part of their investment. The Advisers will have broad discretion in making investments for the Fund. The Fund’s investments will generally consist of debt obligations and other securities and assets that present significant risks as a result of business, financial, market and legal uncertainties. There can be no assurance that the Advisers will correctly evaluate the nature and magnitude of the various factors that could affect the value of and return on the Fund’s investments. Prices of the Fund’s investments may be volatile, and a variety of other factors that are inherently difficult to predict, such as domestic or international economic and political developments, may significantly affect the results of the Fund’s activities and the value of the Fund’s investments. The Fund’s performance over a particular period may not necessarily be indicative of the results that may be expected in future periods. Similarly, the past performance of the Advisers and its affiliates may not necessarily be indicative of the results the Advisers may be able to achieve with the Fund’s investments. While the Advisers expect to focus primarily on privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in issuers headquartered in North America in making its investments, the Advisers have broad discretion to invest as they determine, consistent with the investment objective of the Fund, and no shareholder approval is required for any investment the Fund may make. Furthermore, the Advisers may invest in products or use investment techniques not specifically described in this Registration Statement, including in financial instruments that have not yet been designed or have not yet become prevalent in the market. Any such instruments or techniques may subject the Fund to additional risks. Investors will not be notified prior to the Fund’s making any investments in products or using investment techniques not specifically described in this Registration Statement; however, the Board of Trustees, in exercising its fiduciary duties to shareholders and to the Fund, will oversee these investments at a heightened level. In addition, because the Fund’s investments will be actively managed, frequent purchases and sales of investments may result in higher transaction costs to the Fund, which costs will decrease the value of the common shares of the Fund.
Secured Loans Risk. Loans held by the Fund may be secured. While secured loans purchased by the Fund will often intend to be over-collateralized, the Fund may be exposed to losses resulting from default and foreclosure. Therefore, the value of the underlying collateral, the creditworthiness of the borrower and the priority of the lien are each of great importance. The Fund cannot guarantee the adequacy of the protection of the Fund’s interests, including the validity or enforceability of the loan and the maintenance of the anticipated priority and perfection of the applicable security interests. Furthermore, the Fund cannot assure that claims may not be asserted that might interfere with enforcement of the Fund’s rights. In the event of a foreclosure, the Fund or an affiliate of the Fund may assume direct ownership of the underlying asset. The liquidation proceeds upon sale of such asset may not satisfy the entire outstanding balance of principal and interest on the loan, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Any costs or delays involved in the effectuation of a foreclosure of the loan or a liquidation of the underlying property will further reduce the proceeds and thus increase the loss.
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Unsecured Loans Risk. While the Fund is expected to focus primarily on secured loans, the Fund may hold unsecured loans. Unsecured loans have lower priority in right of payment to any higher ranking obligations of the borrower and are not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral. They are subject to risk that the cash flow of the borrower and available assets may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to any higher ranking obligations of the borrower. Unsecured loans are expected to have greater price volatility than senior loans and secured loans and may be less liquid. There is also a possibility that originators will not be able to sell participations in unsecured loans, which would create greater credit risk exposure.
Second Lien Loans Risk. Second lien loans are subject to the same risks associated with investment in senior loans. However, second lien loans are second in right of payment to senior loans and therefore are subject to additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and any property securing the loan may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior secured obligations of the borrower. Second lien loans are expected to have greater price volatility than senior loans and may be less liquid. There is also a possibility that originators will not be able to sell participations in second lien loans, which would create greater credit risk exposure. In the event of default on a “second lien” loan, the first priority lien holder has first claim to the underlying collateral of the loan. It is possible that no collateral value would remain for the second priority lien holder, which would therefore result in a loss of investment to the Fund.
Borrower Fraud. Of paramount concern when investing in loans is the possibility of material misrepresentation or omission on the part of borrower. Such inaccuracy or incompleteness may adversely affect, among other things, the valuation of the collateral underlying the loans or may adversely affect the ability of the Fund to perfect or effectuate a lien on the collateral securing the loan. The Fund will rely upon the accuracy and completeness of representations made by borrowers to the extent reasonable, but cannot guarantee such accuracy or completeness. While the Fund will conduct due diligence with respect to the collateral before investing, including obtaining appraisals of inventory values from independent sources, and will seek to obtain appropriate monitoring rights, there can be no assurance that the Advisers will detect representational borrower fraud or inaccuracy or that the Fund’s investments will not be adversely affected by such fraud or inaccuracy.
Equity Securities. The Fund will also be permitted to invest in common and preferred stock and other equity securities, including both public and private equity securities. Equity securities generally involve a high degree of risk and will be subordinate to the debt securities and other indebtedness of the issuers of such equity securities. Prices of equity securities generally fluctuate more than prices of debt securities and are more likely to be affected by poor economic or market conditions. In some cases, the issuers of such equity securities may be highly leveraged or subject to other risks such as limited product lines, markets or financial resources. In addition, some of these equity securities may be illiquid. Because of perceived or actual illiquidity or investor concerns regarding leveraged capitalization, these securities often trade at significant discounts to otherwise comparable investments or are not readily tradable. These securities generally do not produce current income for the Fund and may also be speculative. The Fund may experience a substantial or complete loss on individual equity securities.
Preferred Stock Risk. To the extent that the Fund invests in preferred securities, there are special risks, including:
Deferral. Preferred securities may include provisions that permit the issuer, at its discretion, to defer distributions for a stated period without any adverse consequences to the issuer. If the Fund owns a preferred security that is deferring its distributions, the Fund may be required to report income for tax purposes although the Fund has not yet received such income.
Subordination. Preferred securities are subordinated to bonds and other debt instruments in a company’s capital structure in terms of priority to corporate income and liquidation payments, and therefore will be subject to greater credit risk than more senior debt instruments.
Liquidity. Preferred securities may be substantially less liquid than many other securities, such as common stocks or U.S. Government securities.
Limited Voting Rights. Generally, preferred security holders have no voting rights with respect to the issuing company unless preferred dividends have been in arrears for a specified number of periods, at which time the preferred security holders may elect a number of directors to the issuer’s board. Generally, once all the arrearages have been paid, the preferred security holders no longer have voting rights.
Mezzanine Investments. Mezzanine investments of the type in which the Fund intends to invest are primarily privately negotiated subordinated debt and equity securities issued in connection with leveraged transactions, such as
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management buyouts, acquisitions, refinancings, recapitalizations and later stage growth capital financings, and are generally rated below investment-grade. Mezzanine investments may also include investments with equity participation features such as warrants, convertible securities, senior equity investments and common stock. Such mezzanine investments may be issued with or without registration rights. Mezzanine investments may be subject to risks associated with illiquid investments, since there will usually be relatively few holders of any particular mezzanine investment. Similar to other high yield securities, maturities of mezzanine investments are typically seven to ten years, but the expected average life is significantly shorter at three to five years due to prepayment rights. Mezzanine investments are usually unsecured and subordinate to other obligations of the issuer. Mezzanine investments share all of the risks of other high yield securities and are often even more subordinated than other high yield debt, as they often represent the most junior debt security in an issuer’s capital structure.
Risks Associated with Investments in Small to Medium Capitalization Companies. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the securities of companies with small-to medium-sized market capitalizations. While the Investment Adviser believes these investments often provide significant potential for appreciation, those securities, particularly smaller-capitalization securities, involve higher risks in some respects than do investments in securities of larger companies. For example, prices of such securities are often more volatile than prices of large-capitalization securities. In addition, due to thin trading in some such securities, an investment in these securities may be more illiquid than that of larger capitalization securities.
Risks Associated with Investments in the Medium- and Large-Sized U.S. Corporate Debt Market. Price declines in the medium- and large-sized U.S. corporate debt market may adversely affect the fair value of the Fund’s portfolio, reducing our NAV through increased net unrealized depreciation. Conditions in the medium- and large-sized U.S. corporate debt market may deteriorate, as seen during the financial crisis of 2007-2008, which may cause pricing levels to similarly decline or be volatile. During the financial crisis, many institutions were forced to raise cash by selling their interests in performing assets in order to satisfy margin requirements or the equivalent of margin requirements imposed by their lenders and/or, in the case of hedge funds and other investment vehicles, to satisfy widespread redemption requests. This resulted in a forced deleveraging cycle of price declines, compulsory sales and further price declines, with falling underlying credit values, and other constraints resulting from the credit crisis generating further selling pressure. If similar events occurred in the medium- and large-sized U.S. corporate debt market, the Fund’s NAV could decline through an increase in unrealized depreciation and incurrence of realized losses in connection with the sale of our investments, which could have a material adverse impact on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations.
Below Investment Grade Risk. In addition, the Fund intends to invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be difficult to value and illiquid. The major risks of below investment grade securities include:
Below investment grade securities may be issued by less creditworthy issuers. Issuers of below investment grade securities may have a larger amount of outstanding debt relative to their assets than issuers of investment grade securities. In the event of an issuer’s bankruptcy, claims of other creditors may have priority over the claims of holders of below investment grade securities, leaving few or no assets available to repay holders of below investment grade securities.
Prices of below investment grade securities are subject to extreme price fluctuations. Adverse changes in an issuer’s industry and general economic conditions may have a greater impact on the prices of below investment grade securities than on other higher-rated fixed-income securities.
Issuers of below investment grade securities may be unable to meet their interest or principal payment obligations because of an economic downturn, specific issuer developments or the unavailability of additional financing.
Below investment grade securities frequently have redemption features that permit an issuer to repurchase the security from us before it matures. If the issuer redeems below investment grade securities, we may have to invest the proceeds in securities with lower yields and may lose income.
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Below investment grade securities may be less liquid than higher-rated fixed-income securities, even under normal economic conditions. There are fewer dealers in the below investment grade securities market, and there may be significant differences in the prices quoted by the dealers. Judgment may play a greater role in valuing these securities and we may be unable to sell these securities at an advantageous time or price.
We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting issuer.
The credit rating of a high-yield security does not necessarily address its market value risk. Ratings and market value may change from time to time, positively or negatively, to reflect new developments regarding the issuer.
Undervalued Assets. The Fund will seek to invest in undervalued assets. The identification of investment opportunities in undervalued assets is a difficult task, and there is no assurance that such opportunities will be successfully recognized or acquired. While investments in undervalued assets offer the opportunity for above-average capital appreciation, these investments involve a high degree of financial risk and can result in substantial losses. The Fund may be forced to sell, at a substantial loss, assets identified as undervalued, if they are not in fact undervalued. In addition, the Fund may be required to hold such assets for a substantial period of time before realizing their anticipated value. During this period, a portion of the Fund’s capital would be committed to these assets purchased, potentially preventing the Fund from investing in other opportunities.
CLO Risk. The Fund’s investments in CLOs may be riskier than a direct investment in the debt or other securities of the underlying companies. When investing in CLOs, the Fund may invest in any level of a CLO’s subordination chain, including subordinated (lower-rated) tranches and residual interests (the lowest tranche). CLOs are typically highly levered and therefore, the junior debt and equity tranches that we may invest in are subject to a higher risk of total loss and deferral or nonpayment of interest than the more senior tranches to which they are subordinated. In addition, the Fund will generally have the right to receive payments only from the CLOs, and will generally not have direct rights against the underlying borrowers or entities that sponsored the CLOs. Furthermore, the investments the Fund makes in CLOs are at times thinly traded or have only a limited trading market. As a result, investments in such CLOs may be characterized as illiquid securities.
Bridge Financings Risk. From time to time, the Fund may lend to portfolio companies on a short-term, unsecured basis or otherwise invest on an interim basis in portfolio companies in anticipation of a future issuance of equity or long-term debt securities or other refinancing or syndication. Such bridge loans would typically be convertible into a more permanent, long-term security; however, for reasons not always in the Fund’s control, such long-term securities issuance or other refinancing or syndication may not occur and such bridge loans and interim investments may remain outstanding. In such event, the interest rate on such loans or the terms of such interim investments may not adequately reflect the risk associated with the position taken by the Fund.
Private Investments Risk. The Fund intends to invest primarily in privately-held companies. Investments in private companies pose significantly greater risks than investments in public companies. First, private companies have reduced access to the capital markets, resulting in diminished capital resources and the ability to withstand financial distress. Second, the depth and breadth of experience of management in private companies tends to be less than that at public companies, which makes such companies more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a smaller group of persons and/or persons with less depth and breadth of experience. Therefore, the decisions made by such management teams and/or the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on our investments and, in turn, on the Fund. Third, the investments themselves tend to be less liquid. As such, we may have difficulty exiting an investment promptly or at a desired price prior to maturity or outside of a normal amortization schedule. As a result, the relative lack of liquidity and the potential diminished capital resources of our target portfolio companies may affect our investment returns. Fourth, little public information generally exists about private companies. Further, these companies may not have third-party debt ratings or audited financial statements. We must therefore rely on the ability of the Investment Adviser to obtain adequate information through due diligence to evaluate the creditworthiness and potential returns from investing in these companies. The Investment Adviser would typically assess an investment in a portfolio company based on the Investment Adviser’s estimate of the portfolio company’s earnings and enterprise value, among other things, and these estimates may be based on limited information and may otherwise be inaccurate, causing the Investment Adviser to make different investment decisions than it may have made with more complete information. These companies and their financial information will generally not be subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other rules that
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govern public companies. If the Fund unable to uncover all material information about these companies, we may not make a fully informed investment decision, and we may lose money on our investments.
Risks Associated with Repurchase Agreements. Subject to the Fund’s investment objective and policies, the Fund may invest in repurchase agreements as a buyer for investment purposes. Repurchase agreements typically involve the acquisition by the Fund of debt securities from a selling financial institution such as a bank, savings and loan association or broker-dealer. The agreement provides that the Fund will sell the securities back to the institution at a fixed time in the future for the purchase price plus premium (which often reflects the interests). The Fund does not bear the risk of a decline in the value of the underlying security unless the seller defaults under its repurchase obligation. In the event of the bankruptcy or other default of a seller of a repurchase agreement, the Fund could experience both delays in liquidating the underlying securities and losses, including (1) possible decline in the value of the underlying security during the period in which the Fund seeks to enforce its rights thereto; (2) possible lack of access to income on the underlying security during this period; and (3) expenses of enforcing its rights. In addition, as described above, the value of the collateral underlying the repurchase agreement will be at least equal to the repurchase price, including any accrued interest earned on the repurchase agreement. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, the Fund generally will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercise of the Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss.
Risks Associated with Securities Lending Agreements. The Fund may from time to time make secured loans of its marginable securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, would at least equal 150% immediately after each such loan. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. However, such loans will be made only to brokers and other financial institutions that are believed by the Investment Adviser to be of high credit standing. Securities loans are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements requiring that loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of U.S. government securities, cash or cash equivalents (e.g., negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal at all times to the market value of the securities lent. If the Fund enters into a securities lending arrangement, the Investment Adviser, as part of its responsibilities under the Advisory Agreement, will invest the Fund’s cash collateral in accordance with the Fund’s investment objective and strategies. The Fund will pay the borrower of the securities a fee based on the amount of the cash collateral posted in connection with the securities lending program. The borrower will pay to the Fund, as the lender, an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on the securities lent.
The Fund may invest the cash collateral received only in accordance with its investment objective, subject to the Fund’s agreement with the borrower of the securities. In the case of cash collateral, the Fund expects to pay a rebate to the borrower. The reinvestment of cash collateral will result in a form of effective leverage for the Fund.
Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, will retain the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters materially affecting the investment. The Fund may also call such loans in order to sell the securities involved. When engaged in securities lending, the Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned and will also reflect the receipt of interest through investment of cash collateral by the Fund in permissible investments.
We may from time to time enter into credit default swaps or other derivative transactions which expose us to certain risks, including credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk and other risks similar to those associated with the use of leverage.
We may from time to time enter into credit default swaps or other derivative transactions that seek to modify or replace the investment performance of a particular reference security or other asset. These transactions are typically individually negotiated, non-standardized agreements between two parties to exchange payments, with payments generally calculated by reference to a notional amount or quantity. Swap contracts and similar derivative contracts are not traded on exchanges; rather, banks and dealers act as principals in these markets. These investments may present risks in excess of those resulting from the referenced security or other asset. Because these transactions are not an acquisition of the referenced security or other asset itself, the investor has no right directly to enforce compliance with the terms of the referenced security or other asset and has no voting or other consensual rights of
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ownership with respect to the referenced security or other asset. In the event of insolvency of a counterparty, we will be treated as a general creditor of the counterparty and will have no claim of title with respect to the referenced security or other asset.
A credit default swap is a contract in which one party buys or sells protection against a credit event with respect to an issuer, such as an issuer’s failure to make timely payments of interest or principal on its debt obligations, bankruptcy or restructuring during a specified period. Generally, if we sell credit protection using a credit default swap, we will receive fixed payments from the swap counterparty and if a credit event occurs with respect to the applicable issuer, we will pay the swap counterparty par for the issuer’s defaulted debt securities and the swap counterparty will deliver the defaulted debt securities to us. Generally, if we buy credit protection using a credit default swap, we will make fixed payments to the counterparty and if a credit event occurs with respect to the applicable issuer, we will deliver the issuer’s defaulted securities underlying the swap to the swap counterparty and the counterparty will pay us par for the defaulted securities. Alternatively, a credit default swap may be cash settled and the buyer of protection would receive the difference between the par value and the market value of the issuer’s defaulted debt securities from the seller of protection.
Credit default swaps are subject to the credit risk of the underlying issuer. If we are selling credit protection, there is a risk that we will not properly assess the risk of the underlying issuer, a credit event will occur and we will have to pay the counterparty. If we are buying credit protection, there is a risk that we will not properly assess the risk of the underlying issuer, no credit event will occur and we will receive no benefit for the premium paid.
A derivative transaction is also subject to the risk that a counterparty will default on its payment obligations thereunder or that we will not be able to meet our obligations to the counterparty. In some cases, we may post collateral to secure our obligations to the counterparty, and we may be required to post additional collateral upon the occurrence of certain events such as a decrease in the value of the reference security or other asset. In some cases, the counterparty may not collateralize any of its obligations to us. Derivative investments effectively add leverage to a portfolio by providing investment exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or investing directly in such market. In addition to the risks described above, such arrangements are subject to risks similar to those associated with the use of leverage.
We may form one or more CLOs, which may subject us to certain structured financing risks.
To finance investments, the Fund may securitize certain of its secured loans or other investments, including through the formation of one or more CLOs, while retaining all or most of the exposure to the performance of these investments. This would involve contributing a pool of assets to a special purpose entity, and selling debt interests in such entity on a non-recourse or limited-recourse basis to purchasers. It is possible that an interest in any such CLO held by us may be considered a “non-qualifying” portfolio investment for purposes of the 1940 Act.
If the Fund creates a CLO, the Fund will depend in part on distributions from the CLO’s assets out of its earnings and cash flows to enable the Fund to make distributions to shareholders. The ability of a CLO to make distributions will be subject to various limitations, including the terms and covenants of the debt it issues. Also, a CLO may take actions that delay distributions in order to preserve ratings and to keep the cost of present and future financings lower or the CLO may be obligated to retain cash or other assets to satisfy over-collateralization requirements commonly provided for holders of the CLO’s debt, which could impact our ability to receive distributions from the CLO. If the Fund does not receive cash flow from any such CLO that is necessary to satisfy the annual distribution requirement for maintaining RIC status, and the Fund is unable to obtain cash from other sources necessary to satisfy this requirement, the Fund may not maintain our qualification as a RIC, which would have a material adverse effect on an investment in the shares.
In addition, a decline in the credit quality of loans in a CLO due to poor operating results of the relevant borrower, declines in the value of loan collateral or increases in defaults, among other things, may force a CLO to sell certain assets at a loss, reducing their earnings and, in turn, cash potentially available for distribution to the Fund for distribution to shareholders. To the extent that any losses are incurred by the CLO in respect of any collateral, such losses will be borne first by the Fund as owner of equity interests in the CLO.
The manager for a CLO that the Fund creates may be the Fund, the Investment Adviser or an affiliate, and such manager may be entitled to receive compensation for structuring and/or management services. To the extent the Investment Adviser or an affiliate other than the Fund serves as manager and the Fund is obligated to compensate the Investment Adviser or the affiliate for such services, the Fund, the Investment Adviser or the affiliate will implement offsetting arrangements to assure that the Fund, and indirectly, Fund shareholders, pay no additional
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management fees to the Investment Adviser or the affiliate in connection therewith. To the extent the Fund serves as manager, the Fund will waive any right to receive fees for such services from the Fund (and indirectly its shareholders) or any affiliate.
Debt obligations are subject to credit and interest rate risks which may adversely affect the performance of our investments.
Debt portfolios are subject to credit and interest rate risks. “Credit risk” refers to the likelihood that an issuer will default in the payment of principal and/or interest on an instrument. Financial strength and solvency of an issuer are the primary factors influencing credit risk. In addition, lack or inadequacy of collateral or credit enhancement for a debt instrument may affect its credit risk. Credit risk may change over the life of an instrument, and debt obligations which are rated by rating agencies are often reviewed by such agencies and may be subject to downgrade.
“Interest rate risk” refers to the risks associated with market changes in interest rates. Interest rate changes may affect the value of a debt instrument indirectly (especially in the case of fixed rate securities) and directly (especially in the case of instruments whose rates are adjustable). General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on the Fund’s investments, the value of the Fund’s common shares and the Fund’s rate of return on invested capital. An increase in interest rates could decrease the value of any investments held by the Fund that earn fixed interest rates, including subordinated loans, senior and junior secured and unsecured debt securities and loans and high-yield bonds, and also could increase the Fund’s interest expense, thereby decreasing its net income. In general, rising interest rates will negatively impact the price of a fixed rate debt instrument and falling interest rates will have a positive effect on price. Adjustable rate instruments also react to interest rate changes in a similar manner although generally to a lesser degree (depending, however, on the characteristics of the reset terms, including the index chosen, frequency of reset and reset caps or floors, among other factors). This risk will be greater for long-term securities than for short-term securities. Interest rate sensitivity is generally more pronounced and less predictable in instruments with uncertain payment or prepayment schedules. The Fund may attempt to minimize the exposure of the portfolios to interest rate changes through the use of interest rate swaps, interest rate futures, interest rate options and/or other hedging strategies. However, there can be no guarantee that the Advisers will be successful in mitigating the impact of interest rate changes on the portfolios.
Factors that may affect market interest rates include, without limitation, inflation, deflation, slow or stagnant economic growth or recession, unemployment, money supply, governmental monetary policies, international disorders and instability in domestic and foreign financial markets. In particular, the United States Federal Reserve has begun raising interest rates and has indicated its intention to continue raising interest rates in the near to medium term. In addition, various other central banks (including the European Central Bank) have begun or have signaled their intention to begin to taper the quantitative easing or “QE” programs instituted following the global financial crisis. These QE programs maintained interest rates at historically low levels, and the tapering of these programs is expected to result in rising interest rates, which could impact the availability of attractive financing to the Fund and its portfolio companies. Although in general central banks are expected to seek to increase interest rates gradually, the United States Federal Reserve has raised interest rates more quickly than some had forecasted, and there is no guarantee that interest rates will in fact be raised gradually. There may be significant unexpected movements in interest rates, including as central banks unwind QE programs, which movements could have adverse effects on portfolio companies and the economy as a whole. In light of the foregoing, and more generally, the Fund expects that it will periodically experience imbalances in the interest rate sensitivities of its assets and liabilities and the relationships of various interest rates to each other, which could adversely affect their performance.
In addition, to the extent that the Fund may be leveraged, movements in the level of interest rates may affect the returns from these assets more significantly than other assets in some instances. The structure and nature of the debt encumbering an investment may therefore be an important element to consider in assessing the interest risk of the investment. In particular, the type of facilities, maturity profile, rates being paid, fixed versus variable components and covenants in place (including the manner in which they affect returns to equity holders) are crucial factors in assessing any interest rate risk.
Prepayments of our debt investments by our portfolio companies could adversely impact our results of operations and reduce our return on equity.
The Fund is subject to the risk that investments in our portfolio companies may be repaid prior to maturity. When this occurs, the Fund will generally reinvest these proceeds in temporary investments, pending their future investment in new portfolio companies. These temporary investments will typically have substantially lower yields than the debt
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being prepaid and we could experience significant delays in reinvesting these amounts. Any future investment in a new portfolio company may also be at lower yields than the debt that was repaid. As a result, the Fund’s results of operations could be materially adversely affected if one or more portfolio companies elect to prepay amounts owed to the Fund. Additionally, prepayments, net of prepayment fees, could negatively impact the Fund’s return on equity.
Market disruptions and other geopolitical or macroeconomic events could create market volatility that negatively impact our business, financial condition and earnings.
Various social and political tensions in the United States and around the world may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects on the U.S. and worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties in the United States and worldwide. In particular, the consequences of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, including international sanctions, the potential impact on inflation and increased disruption to supply chains may impact our portfolio companies. Such consequences also may increase our funding cost or limit our access to the capital markets. The Advisers do not know when or for how long the financial markets will be affected by such events and cannot predict the effects of any such events in the future on the U.S. economy and securities markets.
We may be impacted by general European economic conditions.
The success of the Fund’s investment activities could be affected by general economic and market conditions in Europe and in the rest of the world, as well as by changes in applicable laws and regulations (including laws relating to taxation of our investments), trade barriers, currency exchange controls, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, asset re-investment, resource self-sufficiency and national and international political and socioeconomic circumstances in respect of the European and other non-U.S. countries in which the Fund may invest. These factors will affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of the Fund’s investments, which could impair the Fund’s profitability or result in losses. General fluctuations in the market prices of securities and interest rates may affect the Fund’s investment opportunities and the value of the Fund’s investments. The Fund may maintain substantial trading positions that can be adversely affected by the level of volatility in the financial markets; the larger the positions, the greater the potential for loss. Declines in the performance of national economies or the credit markets in certain jurisdictions have had a negative impact on general economic and market conditions globally, and as a result, could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations. In particular, the consequences of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, including international sanctions, the potential impact on inflation and increased disruption to supply chains may impact our portfolio companies. Such consequences also may increase our funding cost or limit our access to the capital markets.
The Advisers’ financial condition may be adversely affected by a significant general economic downturn and it may be subject to legal, regulatory, reputational and other unforeseen risks that could have a material adverse effect on the Advisers’ businesses and operations (including those of the Fund). A recession, slowdown and/or sustained downturn in the global economy (or any particular segment thereof) could have a pronounced impact on the Fund and could adversely affect the Fund’s profitability, impede the ability of the Fund’s portfolio companies to perform under or refinance their existing obligations and impair the Fund’s ability to effectively deploy its capital or realize its investments on favorable terms.
In addition, economic problems in a single country are increasingly affecting other markets and economies. A continuation of this trend could adversely affect global economic conditions and world markets and, in turn, could adversely affect the Fund’s performance.
Any of the foregoing events could result in substantial or total losses to the Fund in respect of certain investments, which losses will likely be exacerbated by the presence of leverage in a portfolio company’s capital structure.
The United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union may create significant risks and uncertainty for global markets and the Fund’s investments.
On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom (the “UK”) formally withdrew and ceased being a member of the European Union (the “EU”). Following this, the UK entered into a transition period which lasted for the remainder of 2020, during which period the UK was subject to applicable EU laws and regulations. The transition period expired on December 31, 2020, and EU law no longer applies in the UK.
On December 30, 2020, the UK and the EU signed an EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (“UK/EU Trade Agreement”), which applies from January 1, 2021 and sets out the foundation of the economic and legal framework
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for trade between the UK and the EU. As the UK/EU Trade Agreement is a new legal framework, the implementation of the UK/EU Trade Agreement may result in uncertainty in its application and periods of volatility in both the UK and wider European markets throughout 2021 and beyond. The UK’s exit from the EU is expected to result in additional trade costs and disruptions in this trading relationship. While the UK/EU Trade Agreement provides for the free trade of goods, it provides only general commitments on market access in services together with and a “most favoured nation” provision which is subject to many exceptions. Furthermore, there is the possibility that either party may impose tariffs on trade in the future in the event that regulatory standards between the EU and the UK diverge. The terms of the future relationship may cause continued uncertainty in the global financial markets, and adversely affect the performance of the Fund.
Volatility resulting from this uncertainty may mean that the returns of the Fund’s investments are affected by market movements, the potential decline in the value of Sterling or Euro, and the potential downgrading of UK sovereign credit rating.
MiFID II obligations could have an adverse effect on the ability of the Advisers and its MiFID-authorized EEA affiliates to obtain and research in connection with the provision of an investment service.
The Recast European Union Directive on Markets in Financial Instruments (“MiFID II”) came into effect on January 3, 2018, and imposes regulatory obligations in respect of providing financial services in the European Economic Area (“EEA”) by EEA banks and EEA investment firms providing regulated services (each an “Investment Firm”). Each of the Advisers is a non-EEA investment company and is, therefore, not subject to MiFID II but can be indirectly affected. The regulatory obligations imposed by MiFID II may impact, and constrain the implementation of, the investment strategy of the Fund. MiFID II restricts Investment Firms’ ability to obtain research in connection with the provision of an investment service. For example, Investment Firms providing portfolio management or independent investment advice may purchase investment research only at their own expense or out of specifically dedicated research payment accounts agreed upon with their clients. Research will also have to be unbundled and paid separately from the trading commission. EEA broker-dealers will unbundle research costs and invoice them to Investment Firms separated from dealing commissions.
Therefore, in light of the above, MiFID II could have an adverse effect on the ability of the Advisers and their MiFID- authorized EEA affiliates to obtain and to provide research. The new requirements regarding the unbundling of research costs under MiFID II are not consistent with market practice in the United States and the regulatory framework concerning the use of commissions to acquire research developed by the SEC, although the SEC has issued temporary no-action letters to facilitate compliance by firms with the research requirements under MiFID II in a manner that is consistent with the U.S. federal securities laws. The Advisers’ access to third-party research may nonetheless be significantly limited. Some EEA jurisdictions extend certain MiFID II obligations also to other market participants (e.g., Alternative Investment Fund Managers) under national law. There is very little guidance, and limited market practice, that has developed in preparation for MiFID II. As such, the precise impact of MiFID II on the Advisers and the Fund cannot be fully predicted at this stage.
Compliance with the SEC’s Regulation Best Interest may negatively impact our ability to raise capital in this offering, which would harm our ability to achieve our investment objectives.
Since June 30, 2020, broker-dealers have been required to comply with Regulation Best Interest, which, among other requirements, enhances the existing standard of conduct for broker-dealers and natural persons who are associated persons of a broker-dealer when recommending to a retail customer any securities transaction or investment strategy involving securities to a retail customer. The impact of Regulation Best Interest on broker-dealers participating in our offering cannot be determined at this time, but it may negatively impact whether broker-dealers and their associated persons recommend this offering to retail customers. Regulation Best Interest imposes a duty of care for broker-dealers to evaluate reasonable alternatives in the best interests of their clients. Reasonable alternatives to the Fund exist and may have lower expenses and/or lower investment risk than the Fund. Under Regulation Best Interest, broker-dealers participating in the offering must consider such alternatives in the best interests of their clients. If Regulation Best Interest reduces our ability to raise capital in this offering, it would harm our ability to create a diversified portfolio of investments and achieve our investment objectives and would result in our fixed operating costs representing a larger percentage of our gross income.
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We are exposed to heightened credit and liquidity risks in the current environment.
We are in the midst of significant market, economic and geopolitical uncertainty and instability and a rapidly changing investment environment. Investing in highly volatile environments presents certain inherent risks, including reduced market liquidity and increased credit risk, as well as less certainty in core assumptions in respect of a particular investment or an investment strategy as a whole. While such investment environments provide the opportunity for significant returns, they also present significant risks, many of which cannot be predicted, managed or hedged against. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2008, world financial markets experienced extraordinary market conditions, including, among other things, extreme losses and volatility in securities markets and the dislocation of credit markets. In 2010, a financial crisis emerged in Europe, triggered by high budget deficits and rising direct and contingent sovereign debt in Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain, which created concerns about the ability of these European Union “peripheral nations” to continue to service their sovereign debt obligations. Despite assistance packages to Greece, Ireland and Portugal, the creation of a joint European Union-International Monetary Fund European Financial Stability Facility in May 2010, and expanded financial assistance to Greece, uncertainty over the outcome of the European Union governments’ financial support programs and worries about sovereign finances persist. During 2011, a variety of macro and micro economic factors contributed to instability in the financial markets in the U.S. and in other jurisdictions worldwide. These factors include, but are not limited to, certain downgrades by credit agencies of sovereign debt and credit ratings, including the downgrade by Standard and Poor’s of the credit rating of the United States, strained political processes relating to the market for sovereign debt, fluctuations in prices for certain commodities and concerns about economic growth and political stability. The shock to the global financial markets and the resulting instability in the developed global economies have increased the volatility of asset values and the risks of doing business generally, both of which are expected to continue in the short, medium and long terms. In addition, the rapid and uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 has significantly overwhelmed existing healthcare infrastructure in many locations and prompted governmental responses and economic shutdowns of unprecedented scale. It is anticipated that the COVID-19 pandemic may result in a significant and prolonged reduction in global economic activity that may lead to a significant decrease in available liquidity and significant increases in unemployment and financial instability across most of the world, which will exacerbate existing vulnerabilities in the credit markets and in local, state and global economies and cause vulnerabilities and acute stresses in areas that were not previously apparent or identifiable.
The already challenged global economic and political environment may be adversely affected by events outside the Fund’s control, such as changes in government policies, directives in the credit sector and other areas, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting increase in sovereign debt, political instability, terrorist attacks, social unrest and rioting or military action affecting areas abroad and taxation and other political, economic or social developments in or affecting the world. Policymakers in many advanced economies have publicly acknowledged the need to urgently adopt credible strategies to contain public debt and excessive fiscal deficits and later bring them down to more sustainable levels, which pressures may be acutely present in following of the conclusion of stimulus measures introduced or expected to be introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of these policies may restrict economic recovery.
A portfolio company’s failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by the Fund or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, termination of its loans and foreclosure on its secured assets, which could trigger cross-defaults under other agreements and jeopardize the ability of the Fund’s portfolio company to meet its obligations under the debt securities that the Fund holds. The Fund may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company. In addition, if one of the Fund’s portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, even though the Fund or one of its affiliates may have structured its interest in such portfolio company as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, including the extent to which the Fund or one of its affiliates actually provided managerial assistance to that portfolio company, a bankruptcy court might re-characterize the Fund’s debt holding as equity and subordinate all or a portion of the Fund’s claim to claims of other creditors.
The Advisers cannot predict how long the financial markets will continue to be affected by these events and cannot predict the effects of these or similar events in the future on the Fund, the global economy and the global securities markets. An investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all prospective investors. A prospective investor should carefully consider his or her ability to assume these risks before making an investment in the Fund.
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Investments in covenant-lite loans may expose us to different and increased risks.
Although the Investment Adviser generally expects the transaction documentation of some portion of the Fund’s investments to include covenants and other structural protections, a portion of the Fund’s investments may be composed of so-called “covenant-lite loans.” Generally, covenant-lite loans either do not have certain maintenance covenants that would require the issuer to maintain debt service or other financial ratios or do not contain common restrictions on the ability of the issuer to change significantly its operations or to enter into other significant transactions that could affect its ability to repay such loans. Ownership of covenant-lite loans may expose the Fund to different risks, including with respect to liquidity, price volatility and ability to restructure loans, than is the case with loans that have financial maintenance covenants. As a result, the Fund’s exposure to losses may be increased, which could result in an adverse impact on the issuer’s ability to comply with its obligations under the loan. In addition, in the current economic environment, the market prices of covenant-lite loans may be depressed.
Our investments in non-U.S. companies may expose us to additional risks.
To the extent any portion of the Fund’s investments may be in securities of non-U.S. companies in order to provide diversification or to complement the Fund’s U.S. investments, the Fund may be exposed to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of non-U.S. taxes, less liquid markets and less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility. These risks may be more pronounced for portfolio companies located or operating primarily in emerging markets, whose economies, markets and legal systems may be less developed. The consequences of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, including international sanctions, the potential impact on inflation and increased disruption to global trade may exacerbate these risks.
Although it is anticipated that most of the Fund’s investments will be denominated in U.S. dollars, its investments that are denominated in a non-U.S. currency will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency may change in relation to the U.S. dollar. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. The Fund may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but it can offer no assurance that it will, in fact, hedge currency risk or, that it does, that such strategies will be effective. As a result, a change in currency exchange rates may adversely affect the Fund’s profitability.
The lack of liquidity in certain of our investments may adversely affect our business.
The Fund may invest in securities, loans, derivatives or other assets, for which no (or only a limited) liquid market exists or that are subject to legal or other restrictions on the transfer of such assets and will generally less liquid than publicly traded securities.
The market value of the Fund’s investments will fluctuate due to a variety of factors that are inherently difficult to predict including, among other things, changes in market rates of interest, general economic conditions, economic conditions in particular industries, the condition of financial markets, prevailing credit spreads, domestic or international economic or political events, and the financial condition of the issuers of the Fund’s investments. In addition, the lack of an established, liquid secondary market for many of the Fund’s investments may have an adverse effect on the market value of the Fund’s investments and on the Fund’s ability to dispose of them. Therefore, no assurance can be given that, if the Fund is determined to dispose of a particular investment, it could dispose of such investment at the previously prevailing market price. In addition, if the Fund is required to liquidate all or a portion of its portfolio quickly, the Fund may realize significantly less than the value at which the Fund had previously recorded its investments.
The sale of illiquid assets and restricted securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over-the-counter markets. Restricted securities may sell at a price lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale. Moreover, during periods when the market for such assets is illiquid, the Investment Adviser and any placement agent, as applicable, may not be able to efficiently dispose of or accurately determine the value of the Fund’s investments in such assets, in which case distributions may be delayed.
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A portion of the Fund’s investments will consist of securities that are subject to restrictions on resale by the Fund for reasons including that they were acquired in a “private placement” transaction or that the Fund is deemed to be an affiliate of the issuer of such securities. Generally, the Fund will be able to sell such securities without restriction to other large institutional investors but may be restrained in its ability to sell them to other investors. If restricted securities are sold to the public, the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter or possibly a controlling person with respect thereto for the purposes of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”) and be subject to liability as such under the Securities Act.
The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may, from time to time, possess material non-public information, limiting the Investment Adviser’s investment discretion. The Investment Adviser’s investment professionals, Investment Committee or their respective affiliates may serve as directors of, or in a similar capacity with, companies in which the Fund invests. In the event that material non-public information is obtained with respect to such companies, or the Fund became subject to trading restrictions under the internal trading policies of those companies or as a result of applicable law, the Fund could be prohibited for a period of time from purchasing or selling the securities of such companies, and this prohibition may have an adverse effect on the Fund and, consequently, your interests as an investor.
As required by the 1940 Act, a significant portion of our investment portfolio is and will be recorded at fair value as determined in good faith and, as a result, there is and will be uncertainty as to the value of our portfolio investments.
Investments for which market quotations are not readily available will be valued at fair value based upon the principles and methods of valuation set forth in policies adopted by the Board of Trustees. Due to the inherent uncertainty of determining the fair value of investments that do not have a readily available market value, the fair value of the Fund’s investments may differ significantly from the values that would have been used had a readily available market value existed for such investments, and the differences could be material, and, as a result, there may be uncertainty regarding the value of the Fund’s portfolio investments. The Fund’s net asset value could be adversely affected if determinations regarding the fair value of these investments were materially higher than the values ultimately realized upon the disposal of such investments.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on the ability of the Advisers to manage and support our investment process. If the Advisers or BlackRock were to lose any members of their respective senior management teams, our ability to achieve our investment objective could be significantly harmed.
The success of the Fund will be highly dependent on the financial and managerial expertise of the Advisers and their personnel. The loss of one or more Voting Members (as defined below in “Investment Committee and Decision-Making”) could have a material adverse effect on the performance of the Fund. Although the Advisers will devote a significant amount of its efforts to the Fund’s portfolio, it actively manages investments for other clients and investment professionals are not required to (and will not) devote all of their time to the Fund’s portfolio. Our success will depend to a significant extent on the continued service and coordination of our Advisers, including their key professionals. The departure of a significant number of key professionals from the Advisers could have a material adverse effect on our ability to achieve our investment objective. The Advisers do not have employment agreements with any of these key professionals and we cannot guarantee that all, or any particular one, will remain affiliated with us and/or the Advisers. Further, we do not intend to separately maintain key person life insurance on any of these individuals.
Our business model depends upon the development and maintenance of strong referral relationships with other asset managers and investment banking firms.
We are substantially dependent on our informal relationships, which we use to help identify and gain access to investment opportunities. If we fail to maintain our relationships with key firms, or if we fail to establish strong referral relationships with other firms or other sources of investment opportunities, we will not be able to grow our portfolio of equity investments and achieve our investment objective. In addition, persons with whom we have informal relationships are not obligated to inform us of investment opportunities, and therefore such relationships may not lead to the origination of equity or other investments. Any loss or diminishment of such relationships could effectively reduce our ability to identify attractive portfolio companies that meet our investment criteria, either for direct equity investments or for investments through private secondary market transactions or other secondary transactions.
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Changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates may affect our cost of capital and net investment income.
The Advisers are authorized to use various investment strategies such as short sales and derivative transactions to hedge interest rate and currency risks. These strategies are generally accepted as portfolio management techniques and are regularly used by many investment funds and other institutional investors. Techniques and instruments may change over time as new instruments and strategies are developed or regulatory changes occur. The Advisers may use any or all such types of interest rate and currency hedging transactions at any time and no particular strategy will dictate the use of one transaction rather than another. The choice of any particular interest rate and currency hedging transactions will be a function of numerous variables, including market conditions. However, the Fund may seek to acquire floating-rate assets based on the same index or currency as its floating-rate liabilities.
Although the Advisers intend to engage in interest rate and/or currency hedging transactions only for hedging and risk management purposes and not for speculation, use of interest rate and currency hedging transactions involves certain risks. These risks include (i) the possibility that the market will move in a manner or direction that would have resulted in gain for the Fund had interest rate or currency hedging transactions not been utilized, in which case it would have been better had the Fund not engaged in the interest rate or currency hedging transactions, (ii) the risk of imperfect correlation between the risk sought to be hedged and the interest rate or currency hedging transactions utilized and (iii) potential illiquidity for the hedging instrument utilized, which may make it difficult for the Fund to close out or unwind one or more interest rate or currency hedging transactions.
The Fund is also authorized to enter into certain hedging and short sale transactions, referred to herein as “Defensive Hedge Transactions,” for the purpose of protecting the market value of a Fund investment for a period of time without having to currently dispose of such Fund investment. Such Defensive Hedge Transactions may be entered into when the Fund is legally restricted from selling a Fund investment or when the Fund otherwise determines that it is advisable to decrease its exposure to the risk of a decline in the market value of a Fund investment. There can be no assurance that the Fund will accurately assess the risk of a market value decline with respect to a Fund investment or enter into an appropriate Defensive Hedge Transaction to protect against such risk. Furthermore, the Fund is not obligated to enter into any Defensive Hedge Transaction.
The Fund may, from time to time, employ various investment programs including the use of derivatives, short sales and swap transactions. There can be no assurance that any such investment program will be undertaken successfully.
We may invest in credit derivatives that expose us to certain risks, including market risk, liquidity risk and other risks similar to those associated with the use of leverage.
In addition to hedging and short sale transactions entered into for the purpose of interest rate hedging and Defensive Hedge Transactions, the Fund is also authorized to make investments in the form of hedging and short sale transactions. These investments are referred to herein as “Structured Product Transactions” and are more generally known as credit derivatives. These transactions generally provide for the transfer from one counterparty to another of certain credit risks inherent in the ownership of a financial asset such as a bank loan or a high yield security. Such risks include, among other things, the risk of default and insolvency of the obligor of such asset, the risk that the credit of the obligor or the underlying collateral will decline or that credit spreads for like assets will change (thus affecting the market value of the financial asset). The transfer of credit risk pursuant to a credit derivative may be complete or partial, and may be for the life of the related asset or for a shorter period. Credit derivatives may be used as a risk management tool for a pool of financial assets, providing the Fund with the opportunity to gain or reduce exposure to one or more reference loans or other financial assets (each, a “Reference Asset”) without actually owning or selling such assets in order, for example, to increase or reduce a concentration risk or to diversify a portfolio. Conversely, credit derivatives may be used by the Fund to reduce exposure to an owned asset without selling it in order, for example, to maintain relationships with clients, avoid difficult transfer restrictions, manage illiquid assets or hedge declining credit quality of the financial asset.
The Fund would typically enter into a Structured Product Transaction in order to permit the Fund to realize the same or similar economic benefit of owning one or more Reference Assets on a leveraged basis. However, because the Fund would not own the Reference Assets, the Fund may not have any voting rights with respect to the Reference Assets, and in such cases all decisions related to the obligors on the Reference Assets, including whether to exercise certain remedies, will be controlled by the swap counterparties. In addition, the Fund will not benefit from general rights applicable to the holders of the Reference Assets, such as the right to indemnity and rights of setoff. The economic performance of the Reference Assets will largely depend upon the ability of the actual lenders or
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holders or their agents or trustees to administer the Reference Assets. Moreover, in monitoring and enforcing the lenders’ or holders’ rights under related documentation and in consenting to or proposing amendments to the terms included in such documentation, the actual lenders or holders will not have any obligation to consider the economic interests of the Fund.
Credit derivatives are subject to many of the same types of risks described above in “Risk Factors—Changes in interest rates and currency exchange rates may affect our cost of capital and net investment income”; for example, in the event that the Fund enters into a credit derivative with a counterparty who subsequently becomes insolvent or files for bankruptcy, the credit derivative may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the Fund’s ability to realize its rights under the credit derivative could be adversely affected.
The use of leverage will significantly increase the sensitivity of the market value of the credit derivatives to changes in the market value of the Reference Assets. The Reference Assets are subject to the risks related to the credit of their underlying obligors. These risks include the possibility of a default or bankruptcy of the obligors or a claim that the pledging of collateral to secure a loan constituted a fraudulent conveyance or preferential transfer that can be subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the obligors or nullified under applicable law. See “Risk Factors—Our investments in prospective portfolio companies may be risky, and we could lose all or part of our investment” and “—We could be subject to lender liability and equitable subordination” for a description of some of these risks.
In October 2020, the SEC adopted Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act regarding the ability of a BDC (or a registered investment company) to use derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations. Under the newly adopted rules, BDCs that use derivatives will be subject to a value-at-risk leverage limit, a derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements will apply unless the BDC qualifies as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined under Rule 18f-4. Under Rule 18f-4, a BDC may enter into an unfunded commitment agreement that is not a derivatives transaction, such as an agreement to provide financing to a portfolio company, if the BDC has, among other things, a reasonable belief, at the time it enters into such an agreement, that it will have sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet its obligations with respect to all of its unfunded commitment agreements, in each case as it becomes due. Collectively, these requirements may limit the Fund’s ability to use derivatives and/or enter into certain other financial contracts.
Posting collateral exposes us to additional risks of our counterparties.
Where the Fund enters into an OTC derivative contract or a securities financing transaction, it may be required to pass collateral to the relevant counterparty. Collateral that the Fund posts to a counterparty that is not segregated with a third-party custodian may not have the benefit of customer-protected “segregation” of such assets. Therefore in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty or broker, the Fund may become subject to the risk that it may not receive the return of its collateral or that the collateral may take some time to return if the collateral becomes available to the creditors of the relevant counterparty or broker. In addition the Fund is subject to the risk that it will be unable to liquidate collateral provided to it to cover a counterparty default. The Fund is also subject to the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events.
Where cash collateral received by the Fund is re-invested, the Fund will be exposed to the risk of a failure or default of the issuer of the relevant security in which the cash collateral has been invested.
Where collateral is posted to a counterparty by way of a title transfer collateral arrangement or where the Fund grants a right of re-use under a security collateral arrangement which is subsequently exercised by the counterparty, the Fund will only have an unsecured contractual claim for the return of equivalent assets. In the event of the insolvency of a counterparty, the Fund shall rank as an unsecured creditor and may not receive equivalent assets or recover the full value of the assets. Shareholders should assume that the insolvency of any counterparty would result in a loss to the Fund, which could be material. In addition, assets subject to a right of re-use by a counterparty may form part of a complex chain of transactions over which the Fund or its delegates will not have any visibility or control.
Because the passing of collateral is effected through the use of standard contracts, the Fund may be exposed to legal risks such as the contract may not accurately reflect the intentions of the parties or the contract may not be enforceable against the counterparty in its jurisdiction of incorporation.
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Borrowings expose us to additional risks and could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
An investment in the Fund is subject to the risks of leverage to the extent that leverage is employed by the Fund. Leverage arises as a consequence of borrowing money. Leverage has the effect of magnifying both gains and losses. The leverage in which the Fund may engage will increase returns to shareholders if the investments held by the Fund earn a greater return than expected, but will also magnify losses to shareholders if the investments held by the Fund fail to earn as much as expected or operate a loss.
Subject to the restrictions on borrowings described herein, the Fund may from time to time enter into loan agreements with third parties to provide working capital for the Fund. The Fund may borrow or use other forms of leverage on a secured or an unsecured basis for any purpose, including increasing investment capacity, covering operating expenses, making redemption or dividend payments or for clearance of transactions.
The use of leverage creates increased risk of loss and is considered a speculative investment technique. The use of leverage magnifies the potential gains and losses from an investment and increases the risk of loss of capital. Borrowing money to purchase securities may provide an opportunity for greater capital appreciation, but, at the same time, increases the Fund’s exposure to capital risk and higher current expenses through interest charges, fees imposed by lenders and transaction costs. To the extent that income derived by the Fund from investments purchased with borrowed funds is greater than the cost of borrowing, the Fund’s income will be greater than if borrowing had not been used. Conversely, if the income from investments purchased from these sources is not sufficient to cover the cost of the leverage, the Fund’s investment income will be less than if leverage had not been used, and the amount available for ultimate distribution to the holders of Common Shares will be reduced. The extent to which the gains and losses associated with leveraged investing are increased will generally depend on the degree of leverage employed. The Fund may, under some circumstances, be required to dispose of investments under unfavorable market conditions in order to maintain its leverage, thus causing the Fund to recognize a loss that might not otherwise have occurred. In the event of a sale of investments upon default under the Fund’s borrowing arrangements, secured creditors will be contractually entitled to direct such sales and may be expected to do so in their interest, rather than in the interests of the holders of Common Shares. Holders of Common Shares will incur losses if the proceeds from a sale in any of the foregoing circumstances are insufficient, after payment in full of amounts due and payable on leverage, including administrative expenses, to repay such holder’s investments in the Common Shares. As a result, you could experience a total loss of your investment. Any decrease in the Fund’s revenue would cause the Fund’s net income to decline more than it would have had the Fund not borrowed funds and could negatively affect the Fund’s ability to make distributions to shareholders. The ability to service any debt that the Fund has or may have outstanding depends largely on its financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures.
There is no limitation on the percentage of portfolio investments that can be pledged to secure borrowings. If loans are collateralized with portfolio investments that decrease in value, the Fund may be obliged to provide additional collateral to the lender or sell positions at a loss to avoid liquidation of the pledged investments. Any such liquidation could result in substantial losses. Except as described herein, such borrowings may not be subject to any limitations on the amount or terms of borrowings other than those imposed by the lender. The amount of leverage that the Fund employs at any particular time will depend on the Investment Adviser’s assessments of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing.
We generally will not control our portfolio companies.
The Fund may not be in a position to exercise control over its portfolio companies or to prevent decisions by management of its portfolio companies that could decrease the value of the Fund’s investments.
The Fund does not generally intend to take controlling equity positions in its portfolio companies. To the extent that the Fund does not hold a controlling equity interest in a portfolio company, the Fund is subject to the risk that such portfolio company may make business decisions with which the Fund disagrees, and the shareholders and management of such portfolio company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that are adverse to the Fund’s interests. Due to the lack of liquidity for the debt and equity investments that the Fund typically holds in its portfolio companies, the Advisers may not be able to dispose of its investments in the event the Advisers disagree with the actions of a portfolio company, and may therefore suffer a decrease in the value of its investments.
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In addition, the Fund may not be in a position to control any portfolio company by investing in its debt securities. As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that a portfolio company in which it invests may make business decisions with which it disagrees and the management of such company, as representatives of the holders of their common equity, may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve the Fund’s interests as debt investors.
Board or committee participation may limit our ability to sell investments.
It is possible that the Fund, through members of the Investment Adviser’s Investment Committee, will be represented on the boards of directors or creditor committees of some of the companies in which the Fund makes investments (although the Fund has no obligation to seek representation on any such boards or committees). While such representation may be important to the Investment Adviser’s investment strategy and should enhance the Investment Adviser’s ability to manage the Fund’s investments, it may also have the effect of impairing the ability of the Fund to sell the related investments when, and upon the terms, it might otherwise desire, including as a result of applicable securities laws. Under its current policies, the Investment Adviser restricts personal trading by the members of the Investment Committee and its other employees in issuers under the Investment Adviser’s consideration or in which the Fund or Client Accounts have an investment.
The Fund may become involved in third-party litigation.
The Fund’s investment activities subject it to the normal risks of becoming involved in litigation by third parties. This risk is somewhat greater where the Fund exercises control or significant influence over a portfolio company’s direction, including as a result of board participation. The expense of defending against claims made against the Fund by third parties and paying any amounts pursuant to settlements or judgments would, to the extent that (i) the Fund has not been able to protect itself through indemnification or other rights against the portfolio company or (ii) is not entitled to such protections or (iii) the portfolio company is not solvent, be borne by the Fund pursuant to indemnification obligations and reduce net assets. The Advisers and others are indemnified by the Fund in connection with such litigation, subject to certain conditions.
We could be subject to lender liability and equitable subordination.
In recent years, a number of judicial decisions in the United States have upheld the right of borrowers to sue lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories (collectively termed “lender liability”). Generally, lender liability is founded upon the premise that an institutional lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith and fair dealing owed to the borrower or has assumed a degree of control over the borrower resulting in creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. While believed to be unlikely, because of the nature of certain of the Fund investments, the Fund could be subject to allegations of lender liability.
In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lending institution (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the under capitalization of a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (iv) uses its influence to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of the other creditors of such borrower, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lending institution to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called “equitable subordination.” Because of the nature of certain of the Fund investments and investments in an obligor by affiliates of the Fund, the Fund could be subject to claims from creditors of an obligor that Fund investments issued by such obligor that are held by the Fund should be equitably subordinated. A significant number of Fund investments are expected to involve investments in which the Fund would not be the lead creditor. It is, accordingly, possible that lender liability or equitable subordination claims affecting the Fund investments could arise without the direct involvement of the Fund.
Inaccurate projections could adversely affect the performance of our investments.
The Fund may rely upon projections, forecasts or estimates developed by the Advisers and/or a portfolio company concerning the portfolio company’s future performance and cash flow. Projections, forecasts and estimates are forward-looking statements and are based upon certain assumptions. Actual events are difficult to predict and beyond the Fund’s control. Actual events may differ from those assumed. Some important factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from those in any forward-looking statements include changes in interest rates; domestic and foreign business, market, financial or legal conditions; differences in the actual allocation of the Fund’s investments among different asset categories from those assumed herein; changes in the degree of leverage actually
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used by the Fund from time to time; the degree to which the Fund’s investments are hedged and the effectiveness of such hedges; and the terms of any borrowing agreements, among others. In addition, the degree of risk will be increased as a result of leveraging of the investments. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that estimated returns or projections can be realized or that actual returns or results will not be materially lower than those estimated therein.
Projections are inherently subject to uncertainty and factors beyond the control of the Advisers and the Fund. The inaccuracy of certain assumptions, the failure to satisfy certain financial requirements and the occurrence of other unforeseen events could impair the ability of the Fund to realize projected values and cash flow.
We may face increasing competition for investment opportunities, which could delay deployment of our capital, reduce returns and result in losses.
The investment strategy of the Fund is highly competitive. The identification of attractive investment opportunities is difficult and involves a high degree of uncertainty. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the Advisers will be able to fully invest the proceeds of our Common Shares or that suitable investment opportunities will be identified which satisfy the Fund’s investment objective.
A reduction in market inefficiencies that provide opportunities may reduce the scope for the Fund’s investment strategies. In the event that the perceived mispricings underlying the Fund’s positions were to fail to converge toward, or were to diverge further from, relationships expected by the Advisers, the Fund may incur a loss. Further, the investments utilized in implementing such strategies may include derivatives, such as options, that are themselves inherently volatile in the context of specific market movements.
In making investments, the Fund or its affiliates compete with a broad spectrum of investors. Some of the Fund’s existing and potential competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than the Fund does. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to BlackRock. In addition, some of the Fund’s competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than the Fund. The Fund cannot assure you that the competitive pressures the Fund faces will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Advisers will exercise discretion in selecting brokers and dealers to execute transactions on our behalf.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Advisers have discretion to select brokers and dealers to execute transactions as agent on behalf of the Fund. This discretion is subject to the approval and oversight of the Board of Trustees. The Fund is not committed to continue its relationship with any broker or dealer it selects for any minimum period and the Advisers may select more than one broker to act as prime broker to the Fund.
In selecting brokers to effect portfolio transactions for the Fund, the Advisers make the decision on the basis of best execution and considers such factors as the ability of the brokers to effect the transactions, the brokers’ facilities, reliability and financial responsibility and the provision or payment (or the rebate to the Fund for payment) of the costs of brokerage or research products or services. The Advisers need not solicit competitive bids and does not have an obligation to seek the lowest available commission cost. Accordingly, if the Advisers determine in good faith that the commissions charged by a broker are reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research products or services provided by such broker, the Fund may pay commissions to such broker in an amount greater than the amount another broker might charge.
Research products or services provided to the Advisers may include research reports on particular industries and companies, economic surveys and analyses, recommendations as to specific securities and other products and services (e.g., quotation equipment and expenses) and providing lawful and appropriate assistance to the Advisers in the performance of their investment decision-making responsibilities.
Commissions or “soft dollars,” if used to pay for research products or services, will fall within the safe harbor for soft dollars created by Section 28(e) of the Exchange Act, and use of “soft dollars,” if any, will comply at all times with the rules of the Financial Conduct Authority to the extent required by applicable law. Under Section 28(e), research obtained with soft dollars generated by the Fund may be used by the Advisers to service accounts other than the Fund. Where a product or service provides both research and non-research assistance to the Advisers, a portion of the cost of the product or service, based upon a reasonable allocation between the two types of uses, may be paid for with soft dollars.
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The Fund’s securities transactions can be expected to generate brokerage commissions and other compensation, all of which the Fund, not the Advisers, is obligated to pay. The Advisers have complete discretion in deciding what brokers and dealers the Fund uses and in negotiating the rates of compensation the Fund pays. In addition to using brokers as “agents” and paying commissions, the Fund may buy or sell securities directly from or to dealers acting as principals at prices that include markups or markdowns, and may buy securities from underwriters or dealers in public offerings at prices that include compensation to the underwriters and dealers.
We may incur losses as a result of errors.
The Fund may on occasion experience errors with respect to trades placed on its behalf by the Advisers An error is generally compensable from the Advisers to the Fund when it is a mistake (whether an action or inaction) in which the Advisers have, in the Advisers’ reasonable view, deviated from the applicable standard of care in managing the Fund’s assets.
Trade errors (and similar errors) may occur and, subject to applicable law, the Fund may be responsible for any resulting losses in the absence of the gross negligence (as determined in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware) of the Advisers or their affiliates or personnel. Examples of such trade errors may include, without limitation, (i) the placement of orders (either purchases or sales) in excess of the amount of securities the Fund intended to trade; (ii) the sale (or purchase) of a security when it should have been purchased (or sold); (iii) the purchase or sale of the wrong security; (iv) the purchase or sale of a security contrary to regulatory restrictions or the Fund’s investment guidelines or restrictions; (v) incorrect allocations of trades; (vi) keystroke errors that occur when entering trades into an electronic trading system; and (vii) typographical or drafting errors related to derivatives contracts or similar agreements. Mistakes may also occur in connection with other activities that may be undertaken by the Advisers and their affiliates and personnel, such as net asset value calculation, transfer agent activities (i.e., processing subscriptions and withdrawals), fund accounting, trade recording and settlement and other matters.
The Advisers make determinations regarding errors pursuant to their policies on a case-by-case basis, in their discretion, based on factors they consider reasonable, including regulatory requirements and business practices. The Advisers generally will endeavor to detect trade errors prior to settlement and correct and/or mitigate them in an expeditious manner. The Advisers may also consider whether it is possible to adequately address a mistake through cancellation, reallocation of losses and gains or other means. To the extent an error is caused by a counterparty, such as a broker-dealer, the Advisers may seek to recover any losses associated with such error from the counterparty. The determination whether to seek compensation from a counterparty and whether to accept any amount in settlement of such a matter will be made by the Advisers in their sole discretion.
Compensation for Errors. When the Advisers determines that reimbursement by the Advisers is appropriate, the Fund will be compensated as determined in good faith by the Advisers. The Advisers will follow their guidelines regarding these matters in light of all of the facts and circumstances related to an error. In general, compensation is expected to be limited to direct and actual losses, which may be calculated relative to comparable conforming investments, market factors and benchmarks and with reference to other factors the Advisers considers relevant. Compensation generally will not include any amounts or measures that the Advisers determine are speculative or uncertain, including potential opportunity losses resulting from delayed investment or sale as a result of correcting an error or other forms of consequential or indirect losses. In addition, losses may also be capped at the value of the actual loss, particularly when the outcome of a differing investment would in the Advisers’ view be speculative or uncertain or in light of reasonable equitable considerations.
Reprocessing Net Asset Value Errors and Compensation of Shareholders. The Advisers follow materiality guidelines to determine when individual shareholder accounts will be restated (credited or debited) in respect of particular errors, and to handle certain net asset value-related errors that occur in the Fund’s operation (including, without limitation, errors made in the processing of subscriptions and withdrawals). Under these guidelines, when a compensable error by the Advisers occurs, the Advisers may reimburse the Fund in an amount according to its policies without the Fund reprocessing individual shareholder accounts. Reprocessing of individual shareholder accounts generally will only occur when the error is of a size that exceeds the materiality threshold for reprocessing. This means that an error below the materiality threshold may disadvantage shareholders during the period the error persists, but reimbursement may benefit shareholders at the time of reimbursement and may not, in either event, be allocated to, or in proportion to, the specific shareholders whose interests were negatively affected by the error.
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We may be subject to the risks of the credit or liquidity problems of our contractual counterparties.
The Fund may effect a portion of its transactions in “over-the-counter” or “interdealer” markets or through private transactions. The participants in such markets and the counterparties in such private transactions are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of “exchange-based” markets. This may expose the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. Counterparty risk is accentuated for contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Fund is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating any or all of its transactions with one counterparty.
The Fund is subject to systemic risk.
The Fund may be subject to risk arising from a default by one of several large institutions that are dependent on one another to meet their liquidity or operational needs, so that a default by one institution causes a series of defaults by the other institutions. This is sometimes referred to as “systemic risk” and may adversely affect financial intermediaries, such as clearing agencies, clearing houses, banks, securities firms and exchanges, with which the Fund interacts on a daily basis.
There can be no assurance that any risk control framework will achieve its objective.
No risk control system is fail-safe, and no assurance can be given that any risk control framework employed by the Advisers will achieve its objective. Target risk limits developed by the Advisers may be based upon historical trading patterns for the securities and financial instruments in which the Fund invests. To the extent such risk control framework (or the assumptions underlying it) does not prove to be correct, the Fund may not perform as anticipated, which could result in substantial losses. All models ultimately depend upon the judgment of the Advisers and the assumptions embedded in the framework. No assurance can be given that such historical trading patterns will accurately predict future trading patterns.
We will be obligated to pay certain fees and expenses regardless of our performance and results of operations.
The Fund will incur obligations to pay operating, legal, accounting, auditing, custodial and other related fees and expenses, including the Advisory Fee. In addition, the Fund will incur obligations to pay brokerage commissions, option premiums and other transaction costs to securities brokers and dealers. The foregoing fees and expenses are payable regardless of whether the Fund realizes any profits from its investment operations. In accordance with the governing agreements, amounts owing to the Fund’s creditors will be paid before amounts are distributed to shareholders. It is possible that the Fund will not realize any profits in excess of such amounts. Distributions in respect of the Fund’s common shares are not guaranteed, and shareholders shall not have recourse to any assets or property of the Advisers, any of their affiliates or any of the Fund’s other service providers in connection therewith.
The Fund is subject to laws that restrict it from dealing with entities, individuals, organizations and/or investments which are subject to applicable sanctions regimes.
Accordingly, the Fund will require shareholders to represent and warrant, on a continuing basis, that it is not, and that to the best of its knowledge or belief its beneficial owners, controllers or authorized persons (“Related Persons”) (if any) are not; (i) named on any list of sanctioned entities or individuals maintained by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”) or pursuant to EU and/or UK Regulations (as the latter are extended to the Cayman Islands by Statutory Instrument), (ii) operationally based or domiciled in a country or territory in relation to which sanctions imposed by the United Nations, OFAC, the EU and/or the UK apply, or (iii) otherwise subject to sanctions imposed by the United Nations, OFAC, the EU or the UK (including as the latter are extended to the Cayman Islands by Statutory Instrument) (collectively, a “Sanctions Subject”).
Where the shareholder or a Related Person is or becomes a Sanctions Subject, the Fund may be required immediately and without notice to the shareholder to cease any further dealings with the shareholder and/or the shareholder’s interest in the Fund until the shareholder ceases to be a Sanctions Subject, or a license is obtained under applicable law to continue such dealings (a “Sanctioned Persons Event”). The Fund, the Administrator and the Advisers shall have no liability whatsoever for any liabilities, costs, expenses, damages and/or losses (including but not limited to any direct, indirect or consequential losses, loss of profit, loss of revenue, loss of reputation and all interest, penalties and legal costs and all other professional costs and expenses) incurred by the shareholder as a result of a Sanctioned Persons Event. In addition, should any
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investment made on behalf of the Fund subsequently become subject to applicable sanctions, the Fund may immediately and without notice to the shareholder cease any further dealings with that investment until the applicable sanctions are lifted or a license is obtained under applicable law to continue such dealings.
Legislative and regulatory changes may adversely affect our costs of compliance or the value of our investments.
The Fund may invest in assets and securities that may entail unusual risks, including contradictory legislation, incomplete, unclear and changing laws, ignorance or breaches of regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of established or effective avenues for legal redress and lack of standard practices and confidentiality customs. In addition, legal, tax, and regulatory changes, as well as judicial decisions, could adversely affect the Fund. In particular, the regulatory environment relevant to the Fund and the Advisers is evolving and may entail increased regulatory involvement or result in ambiguity or conflict among legal or regulatory schemes, all of which could adversely affect the investment or trading strategies pursued by the Advisers or the value of investments. It is impossible to predict how changes in policy or regulation will affect the investments of the Fund, but such changes may significantly increase the Fund’s costs of compliance or may necessitate the untimely liquidation of the Fund’s investments.
We may not be able to obtain all required state licenses.
The Fund intends to engage in loan origination activities. Certain jurisdictions have enacted laws or regulations that require lenders engaged in loan origination to obtain a finance lenders license and restrict loan origination activity absent a license. The costs, regulatory burden and restrictions imposed by these laws and regulations may have a significant negative impact on the Fund and the Advisers. In addition, the license application process may entail the disclosure of the identity of certain shareholders. The Fund may elect to forego or limit investments in certain jurisdictions rather than incur the costs and burden of obtaining and maintaining a required license.
The outbreak of epidemics/pandemics could adversely affect the performance of our investments.
Certain illnesses spread rapidly and have the potential to significantly adversely affect the global economy. For instance, a 2019 novel coronavirus, first detected in China in December 2019 and later spreading internationally (“COVID-19”), resulted in closing borders, enhanced health screenings, healthcare service preparation and delivery, quarantines, cancellations, disruptions to supply chains and customer activity and market volatility, as well as general concern and uncertainty. The impact of this coronavirus, and other epidemics and pandemics that may arise in the future, could affect the economies of many nations, individual companies and the market in general in ways that cannot necessarily be foreseen at the present time. In addition, the impact of infectious diseases in developing or emerging market countries may be greater due to less established health care systems. Health crises caused by the recent coronavirus outbreak may exacerbate other pre-existing political, social and economic risks in certain countries. The impact of the outbreak may be short term or may last for an extended period of time, and could have an adverse impact on the Fund, its ability to achieve its investment objective and its investments.
A prolonged continuation of the current COVID-19 pandemic and/or any outbreak of other disease epidemics, together with any containment or other remedial measures (including governmental measures) undertaken or imposed, may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s value, the investments and the Fund’s ability to make new investments. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic has already led to the end of an 11-year bull market, significant losses and extreme volatility in the financial markets (including several brief automatic suspensions of trading on U.S. stock exchanges) and many market forecasters predict that COVID-19 will lead to a recession. The performance of the Fund will also be affected by particular issues arising from the COVID-19 pandemic that affect specific companies, regions or sectors in which the Fund invests.
Because the COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented event in modern history, the duration and magnitude of its impacts are unknown. While the Advisers believes that they can pursue the Fund’s investment strategy during this pandemic, there is no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. Further, if a future pandemic occurs (including a recurrence of COVID-19) during a period when the Fund expects to be harvesting its investments, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective or may not be able to realize its investments within the Term. Investors should be aware that developments regarding COVID-19 and the economic impact thereof (both long-term and short-term) are changing rapidly and the Advisers cannot predict the potential long-term effects of the pandemic on the Fund and its investments.
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General economic conditions could adversely affect the performance of our investments.
The success of the activities of the Fund will be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws, trade barriers, currency exchange controls and national and international political circumstances (such as changes in foreign investment policies). These factors may affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity of the investments. Volatility or illiquidity could impair the Fund’s profitability or result in losses.
The economies of individual countries in emerging and frontier markets may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of a developed country in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, asset reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position. Further, the economies of such countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been, and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be adversely affected by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. The economies of certain of these countries may be based, predominantly, on only a few industries and may be vulnerable to changes in trade conditions and may have higher levels of debt or inflation.
Various social and political tensions around the world may contribute to increased market volatility, may have long-term effects on the worldwide financial markets and may cause further economic uncertainties worldwide. In particular, the consequences of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, including international sanctions, the potential impact on inflation and increased disruption to supply chains may impact our portfolio companies. Such consequences also may increase our funding cost or limit our access to the capital markets.
Market disruptions and the dramatic increase in the capital allocated to alternative investment strategies during recent years have led to increased governmental as well as self-regulatory scrutiny of the private investment fund industry in general. Certain legislation proposing greater regulation of the industry periodically is considered by various jurisdictions. It is impossible to predict what, if any, changes in the regulations applicable to the Fund and/or the Advisers, the markets in which they trade and invest, or the counterparties with which they do business, may be instituted in the future. Any such regulation could have a material adverse impact on the profit potential of the Fund.
Uncertainty regarding the Euro and the Eurozone could adversely affect the value of our investments.
The deterioration of the sovereign debt of several countries, together with the risk of contagion to other, more stable, countries, exacerbated the global economic crisis. There is a continued possibility that Eurozone countries could be subject to an increase in borrowing costs. This situation as well as the United Kingdom’s referendum have raised a number of uncertainties regarding the stability and overall standing of the European Economic and Monetary Union. The departure or risk of departure from the Euro by one or more Eurozone countries could lead to the reintroduction of national currencies in one or more Eurozone countries or, in more extreme circumstances, the possible dissolution of the Euro entirely. These potential developments, or market perceptions concerning these and related issues, could adversely affect the value of the Fund’s investments. Shareholders should carefully consider how any potential changes to the Eurozone and European Union may affect their investment in the Fund.
Governmental intervention in the financial markets may increase volatility.
In response to a recession, economic slowdown or financial market instability, governments and regulators may choose to intervene by implementing austerity measures and reforms, as seen in the 2007-2008 global financial crisis. There is no guarantee a government or regulatory intervention will have the desired effect and any such intervention may result in social unrest, limit future growth and economic recovery or have unintended consequences. Additionally, such interventions have sometimes been unclear in scope and application, resulting in confusion and uncertainty which in itself has been detrimental to the efficient functioning of financial markets. It is impossible to predict with certainty what temporary or permanent governmental restrictions may be imposed on the markets in the future and/or the effect of such restrictions on the Advisers’ ability to implement the Fund’s investment objective, the European or global economy or the global securities market. Instability in the global financial markets or government intervention may increase the volatility of the Fund and hence the risk of loss to the value of your investment.
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We may face a breach of our cyber security, which could result in adverse consequences to our operations and exposure of confidential information.
The Fund or any of the service providers, including the Advisers, may be subject to risks resulting from cybersecurity incidents and/or technological malfunctions. A cybersecurity incident is an event that may cause a loss of proprietary information, data corruption or a loss of operational capacity. Cybersecurity incidents can result from deliberate cyber-attacks or unintentional events. Cyber-attacks include, but are not limited to, gaining unauthorized access to digital systems (e.g. through hacking or malicious software coding) for the purposes of misappropriating assets or sensitive information, corrupting data, releasing confidential information without authorization or causing operational disruption. Cyber-attacks may also be carried out in a manner that does not require gaining unauthorized access, such as causing denial-of-service attacks on websites, which may make network services unavailable to intended users. The issuers of securities and counterparties to other financial instruments in which the Fund invests may also be subject to cybersecurity incidents.
Cybersecurity incidents may cause the Fund to suffer financial losses, interfere with the Fund’s ability to calculate its net asset value, impede trading, disrupt the ability of shareholders to subscribe for, exchange or redeem their units, violate privacy and other laws and incur regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, or additional compliance costs. Cyber-attacks may render records of assets and transactions of the Fund, shareholder ownership of units, and other data integral to the functioning of the Fund inaccessible, inaccurate or incomplete. In addition, substantial costs may be incurred in order to prevent any cybersecurity incidents in the future which may adversely impact the Fund.
While the Fund and the Advisers have established business continuity plans and risk management strategies to seek to prevent cybersecurity incidents, there are inherent limitations in such plans and strategies, including the possibility that certain risks have not been identified given the evolving nature of the threat of cyber-attacks. Furthermore, neither of the Fund or the Advisers can control the business continuity plans or cybersecurity strategies put in place by other service providers to the Fund or issuers of securities and counterparties to other financial instruments in which the Fund invests. The Advisers rely on third party service providers for many of their day-to-day operations and will be subject to the risk that the protections and policies implemented by those service providers will be ineffective to protect the Fund from cyber-attack.
Changes relating to the LIBOR calculation process, the phase-out of LIBOR and the use of replacement rates for LIBOR may adversely affect the value of our portfolio securities.
In July 2017, the head of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority announced the desire to phase out the use of LIBOR by the end of 2021. Since December 31, 2021, all sterling, euro, Swiss franc and Japanese yen LIBOR settings and the 1-week and 2-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings have ceased to be published or are no longer representative, and after June 30, 2023, the overnight, 1-month, 3-month, 6-month and 12-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings will cease to be published or will no longer be representative. Various financial industry groups have begun planning for the transition away from LIBOR, but there are challenges to converting certain securities and transactions to a new reference rate (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is intended to replace the U.S. dollar LIBOR).
Although SOFR appears to be the preferred replacement rate for U.S. dollar LIBOR, at this time, it is not possible to predict the effect of any such changes, any establishment of alternative reference rates or other reforms to LIBOR that may be enacted in the United States, United Kingdom or elsewhere. Although there have been a few issuances utilizing SOFR or the Sterling Over Night Index Average, an alternative reference rate that is based on transactions, it is unknown whether these alternative reference rates will attain market acceptance as replacements for LIBOR. Given the inherent differences between LIBOR and SOFR, or any other alternative benchmark rate that may be established, there are many uncertainties regarding a transition from LIBOR, including but not limited to the need to amend all contracts with LIBOR as the referenced rate and how this will impact the cost of variable rate debt and certain derivative financial instruments. In addition, SOFR or other replacement rates may fail to gain market acceptance. Any failure of SOFR or alternative reference rates to gain market acceptance could adversely affect the return on, value of and market for securities linked to such rates.
The state of New York recently adopted legislation that would require LIBOR-based contracts that do not include a fallback to a rate other than LIBOR or an inter-bank quotation poll to use a SOFR-based rate plus a spread adjustment. Pending legislation in the U.S. Congress may also affect the transition of LIBOR-based instruments as well by permitting trustees and calculation agents to transition instruments with no LIBOR transition language to an
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alternative reference rate selected by such agents. The New York statute and the federal legislative proposal each includes safe harbors from liability, which may limit the recourse the Fund may have if the alternative reference rate does not fully compensate the Fund for the transition of an instrument from LIBOR. If enacted, the federal legislation may also preempt the New York statute, which may create uncertainty to the extent a party has sought to rely on the New York statute to select a replacement benchmark rate.
The elimination of LIBOR or any other changes or reforms to the determination or supervision of LIBOR could have an adverse impact on the market value of and/or transferability of any LIBOR-linked securities, loans, and other financial obligations or extensions of credit held by or due to us or on our overall financial condition or results of operations. There is no guarantee that a transition from LIBOR to an alternative will not result in financial market disruptions, significant increases in benchmark rates, or borrowing costs to borrowers, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, result of operations, financial condition, and unit price. In addition, the transition to a successor rate could potentially cause (i) increased volatility or illiquidity in markets for instruments that currently rely on LIBOR, (ii) a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund, or (iii) reduced effectiveness of related Fund transactions, such as hedging.
In addition, the transition from LIBOR to SOFR or other alternative reference rates may also introduce operational risks in our accounting, financial reporting, loan servicing, liability management and other aspects of our business.
Certain Tax Risks
Legislative or regulatory tax changes could adversely affect investors.
Developments in the tax laws of the United States or other jurisdictions, which may be applied retroactively, could have a material effect on the tax consequences to shareholders, the Fund and/or the entities in which the Fund invests. Such legislation could affect shareholders, even if not specifically targeted at such shareholders. Moreover, the interpretation and application of tax laws and regulations by certain tax authorities may not be clear, consistent or transparent. For example, legislation has been proposed that would modify key aspects of the tax Code, including by increasing tax rates.
Each prospective shareholder should be aware that developments in the tax laws of the United States or other jurisdictions, may alter the tax consequences and other tax considerations discussed herein and that shareholders may be required to provide certain information to the Fund (which may be provided to the IRS or other taxing authorities) or may cause the Fund or the shareholders to be subject to other adverse consequences as a result of such change in tax laws.
Based on the types of investments likely to be made directly or indirectly by the Fund and uncertainty as to the potential tax treatment of certain investment structures, no assurance can be given that any tax planning objectives of the Fund or any particular shareholders will be achieved. None of the Advisers or any of their affiliates are obligated to consider the potential tax or other objectives of any shareholder. Each prospective shareholder is urged to consult its tax advisor to determine the U.S. federal, state, local and non-U.S. income tax and other tax consequences of acquiring, holding and disposing of Common Shares in light of its particular circumstances, including as a result of changes in tax laws.
We will be subject to corporate-level income tax if we are unable to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code or to satisfy RIC distribution requirements.
Although the Fund intends to qualify as a RIC, no assurance can be given that the Fund will be able to maintain RIC status. To maintain RIC status and be relieved of U.S. federal income taxes on income and gains distributed to shareholders, the Fund generally must meet the annual distribution, source-of-income and asset diversification requirements.
The annual distribution requirement for a RIC will generally be satisfied if the Fund distributes at least 90% of its ordinary income and net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, if any, to shareholders. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund generally must also meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each calendar quarter and source-of-income tests on an annual basis. Failure to meet these tests may result in the Fund having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because the Fund anticipates that most of its investments will be in private companies, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and may result in substantial losses.
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If the Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any reason and become subject to corporate-level income tax, the resulting corporate-level income taxes could substantially reduce the Fund’s net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of the Fund’s distributions.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, the Fund may include in income certain amounts that the Fund not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount, which may arise if the Fund receives warrants in connection with the making of a loan or possibly in other circumstances, or PIK interest, which represents contractual interest added to the loan balance and due in the future, often only at the end of the loan. Such original issue discount, which could be significant relative to the Fund’s overall investment activities, or increases in loan balances as a result of PIK arrangements are generally included in the Fund’s taxable income before the Fund receives any corresponding cash payments. The Fund also may be required to include in income certain other amounts that it does not receive in cash or may be subject to limitations on the deductibility of certain of the Fund’s cash expenses.
Since the Fund may recognize taxable income before or without receiving cash representing such income or may be subject to limitations on the deductibility of the Fund’s losses and expenses, the Fund may have difficulty meeting the tax requirement to distribute at least 90% of the Fund’s ordinary income and net short-term capital gain in excess of net long-term capital loss, if any, to maintain the Fund’s status as a RIC. Accordingly, the Fund may have to sell some of its investments at times the Advisers would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investment originations to meet these distribution requirements.
All investors should review “U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters” for a discussion of certain additional risk factors.
Risks Related to the Fund’s Regulation and Operation as a BDC
Our Board of Trustees may change our operating policies and strategies without prior notice or shareholder approval, the effects of which may be adverse to our results of operations and financial condition.
The Board of Trustees has the authority to modify or waive the Fund’s operating policies and strategies without prior notice and without shareholder approval. The Fund cannot predict the effect any changes to its current operating policies and strategies would have on the Fund’s business, operating results or value of the Common Shares. Nevertheless, the effects could adversely affect the Fund’s business and impact the Fund’s ability to make distributions and cause you to lose all or part of your investment.
The Advisers’ potential liability under the Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement is limited.
The Advisers have not assumed any responsibility to the Fund other than to render the services described in the Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement, respectively, and will not be responsible for any action of the Board of Trustees in declining to follow the Advisers’ advice or recommendations. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement and the Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Advisers and their members and their respective officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated with it will not be liable to the Fund for their acts under the Advisory Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement, absent bad faith, misconduct, willful misfeasance, negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties. The Fund has agreed to indemnify, defend and protect the Advisers and their members and their respective officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated with it with respect to all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses resulting from acts of the Advisers not arising out of bad faith, misconduct, willful misfeasance, negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties under the investment and management agreement. These protections may lead the Advisers to act in a riskier manner when acting on behalf of the Fund than it would when acting for their own account.
The Advisers and their affiliates, including our officers and some of our Trustees, face conflicts of interest caused by compensation arrangements with us and our affiliates, which could result in actions that are not in the best interests of our shareholders. In addition, we may be obligated to pay the Investment Adviser incentive compensation even if we incur a net loss due to a decline in the value of our portfolio.
The incentive compensation payable by the Fund to the Investment Adviser may create an incentive for the Investment Adviser to make investments on the Fund’s behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive compensation is determined
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may encourage the Investment Adviser to take additional risk to increase the return on the Fund’s investments. A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to certain of the Fund’s debt investments and may accordingly result in a substantial increase in the amount of incentive compensation payable to the Investment Adviser with respect to the Fund’s cumulative investment income. Although the incentive compensation is subject to a total return hurdle, the Investment Adviser may have some ability to accelerate the realization of gains to obtain incentive compensation earlier than it otherwise would when it may be in the Fund’s best interests to not yet realize gains. The Board of Trustees monitors the Investment Adviser’s management of the Fund’s investment program in the best interests of shareholders.
The resignation of the Advisers could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The Investment Adviser has the right, under the Advisory Agreement, to resign at any time upon not less than 120 days’ written notice, whether the Fund has found a replacement or not. The Sub-Adviser has the right, under the Sub-Advisory Agreement, to resign at any time upon not less than 60 days’ written notice, whether the Fund has found a replacement or not. If the Advisers resign, the Fund may not be able to find a new investment advisor or hire internal management with similar expertise and ability to provide the same or equivalent services on acceptable terms within the necessary timeframe, or at all. If the Fund unable to do so quickly, its operations are likely to experience a disruption, its financial condition, business and results of operations as well as its ability to pay distributions are likely to be adversely affected. In addition, the coordination of the Fund’s internal management and investment activities is likely to suffer if the Fund is unable to identify and reach an agreement with a single institution or group of executives having the expertise possessed by the Advisers and their affiliates. Even if the Fund is able to retain comparable management, whether internal or external, the integration of such management and their lack of familiarity with the Fund’s investment objective may result in additional costs and time delays that may adversely affect the Fund’s financial condition, business and results of operations.
The requirement that we invest a sufficient portion of our assets in Qualifying Assets could preclude us from investing in accordance with our current business strategy; conversely, the failure to invest a sufficient portion of our assets in Qualifying Assets could result in our failure to maintain our status as a BDC.
As a BDC, the Fund is prohibited from acquiring any assets other than “qualifying assets” unless, at the time of and after giving effect to such acquisition, at least 70% of the Fund’s total assets are qualifying assets. If the Fund does not invest a sufficient portion of its assets in qualifying assets, the Fund will be prohibited from investing in additional non-qualifying assets, which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Similarly, these rules could prevent the Fund from making follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies (which could result in the dilution of the Fund’s position) or could require the Fund to dispose of investments at inopportune times in order to come into compliance with the 1940 Act. If the Fund needs to dispose of these investments quickly, it may be difficult to dispose of such investments on favorable terms. For example, the Fund may have difficulty in finding a buyer and, even if a buyer is found, the Fund may have to sell the investments at a substantial loss.
Failure to maintain our status as a BDC could have an adverse effect on our business.
The Fund intends to qualify as business development companies under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act imposes numerous constraints on the operations of business development companies. For example, BDCs are prohibited from making any unqualifying investments unless at least 70% of their total assets are invested in qualifying investments which are primarily securities of private or thinly-traded U.S. companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities and other high quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. Failure to comply with the requirements imposed on business development companies by the 1940 Act could cause the SEC to bring an enforcement action against the Fund and/or expose the Fund to claims of private litigants.
Our ability to enter into transactions with our affiliates is restricted.
We are prohibited under the 1940 Act from participating in certain transactions with certain of our affiliates (including portfolio companies of Other Clients) without the prior approval of a majority of the independent members of our Board of Trustees and, in some cases, the SEC Any person that owns, directly or indirectly, 5% or more of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities or is managed by the Advisers will generally be an affiliate of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act and the Fund is generally prohibited from participating in certain transactions such as co-investing with, or buying or selling any security from or to, such affiliate, absent the prior approval of the
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Independent Trustees and, in some cases, of the SEC. However, the Advisers and the funds managed by the Advisers have received an exemption from certain SEC regulations prohibiting transactions with affiliates. The exemptive order requires that certain procedures be followed prior to making an investment subject to the order and such procedures could in certain circumstances adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the availability or size of the position purchased or sold by the Fund. The Advisers may also face conflicts of interest in making investments pursuant to the exemptive order.
The 1940 Act also prohibits certain “joint” transactions with certain affiliates of the Fund, which could include investments in the same portfolio company (whether at the same or different times), without prior approval of the Independent Trustees and, in some cases, of the SEC. The Fund is prohibited from buying or selling any security from or to any person who owns more than 25% of the Fund’s voting securities and from or to certain of that person’s affiliates, or entering into prohibited joint transactions with such persons, absent the prior approval of the SEC (other than certain limited situations pursuant to current regulatory guidance). The analysis of whether a particular transaction constitutes a joint transaction requires a review of the relevant facts and circumstances relating to the particular transaction. Similar restrictions limit the Fund’s ability to transact business with its officers or directors or their affiliates.
Changes in laws may negatively impact our business, results of operations or financial condition.
The Fund is subject to changing rules and regulations of federal and state governments. These entities, including the Public Fund Accounting Oversight Board and the SEC have issued a significant number of new and increasingly complex requirements and regulations over the course of the last several years and continue to develop additional regulations.
Changes in the laws or regulations or the interpretations of the laws and regulations that govern BDCs, RICs or non-depository commercial lenders could significantly affect the Fund’s operations and cost of doing business. The Fund is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations and are subject to judicial and administrative decisions that affect the Fund’s operations, including its loan originations, maximum interest rates, fees and other charges, disclosures to portfolio companies, the terms of secured transactions, collection and foreclosure procedures and other trade practices. If these laws, regulations or decisions change, or the Fund expands its business into jurisdictions that have adopted more stringent requirements than those in which the Fund currently conducts business, the Fund may have to incur significant expenses in order to comply, or the Fund might have to restrict its operations. In addition, if the Fund does not comply with applicable law, the Fund may lose licenses needed for the conduct of its business and may be subject to civil fines and criminal penalties, any of which could have a material adverse effect upon the Fund’s business, results of operations or financial condition.
Our compensation arrangements with our Advisers may create certain conflicts of interest.
The Investment Adviser and its affiliates receive substantial fees from us in return for their services, and these fees could influence the advice provided to us. We pay to the Investment Adviser an incentive fee that is based on the performance of our portfolio and an annual base management fee that is based on the value of our net assets at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. Because the incentive fee is based on the performance of our portfolio, the Investment Adviser may be incentivized to make investments on our behalf that are riskier or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive fee is determined may also encourage the Investment Adviser to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. Our compensation arrangements could therefore result in our making riskier or more speculative investments than would otherwise be the case. This could result in higher investment losses, particularly during cyclical economic downturns.
We are a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and therefore we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that may be invested in securities of a single issuer.
We are classified as a non-diversified investment company within the meaning of the 1940 Act, which means that we are not limited by the 1940 Act with respect to the proportion of our assets that we may invest in securities of a single issuer. Under the 1940 Act, a “diversified” investment company is required to invest at least 75% of the value of its total assets in cash and cash items, government securities, securities of other investment companies and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the total assets of such company and no more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. As a non-diversified investment company, we are not subject to this requirement. To the extent that we assume large positions in the securities of a small number of issuers, or within a particular industry, our NAV may fluctuate to a greater extent than that of a diversified investment company as a result of changes in the financial condition or the market’s assessment of the issuer. We may also be more susceptible to any
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single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company or to a general downturn in the economy. However, we will be subject to the diversification requirements applicable to RICs under Subchapter M of the Code. See “U.S. Federal Income Tax Matters—Taxation of the Fund.”
When we borrow money, the potential for loss on amounts invested in us will be magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us. Borrowed money may also adversely affect the return on our assets, reduce cash available for distribution to our shareholders and result in losses.
The Fund may obtain a credit facility in order to finance investments or pay expenses with borrowings (any such indebtedness, “Credit Facility Debt”). Such Credit Facility Debt may be important for the Fund's operations because it would allow the Advisers to manage cash. A number of factors may result in the inability of the Fund to obtain or access Credit Facility Debt or Credit Facility Debt comparable to those available to other Client Accounts. These factors may include, among others: insufficient diversity of investments, the profile and creditworthiness of shareholders, the size of the Fund, the availability of Credit Facility Debt to the Fund in light of the current state of the global credit markets, whether or not any financing is with recourse to the Fund and how a lender views the worth of recourse provided, the scope of assurances shareholders are willing to provide to financing sources, the Fund's lack of operating history or trading history with counterparties and the time at which the Fund seeks financing.
The Advisers may obtain Credit Facility Debt for one or more Client Accounts and is under no obligation to make such financing available to the Fund. Differences in availability and terms of Credit Facility Debt resulting from such factors may affect the performance of the Fund relative to other Client Accounts. In the event that the Advisers are unable to obtain sufficient Credit Facility Debt for the Fund, the Fund may need to hold larger amount of cash reserves than it would if the Fund were able to obtain sufficient Credit Facility Debt. The failure by the Fund to obtain Credit Facility Debt on favorable terms (or at all) could adversely affect the returns of the Fund.
As a BDC, the Fund may issue “senior securities,” including borrowing money from banks or other financial institutions only in amounts such that the Fund meets applicable asset coverage requirements under the 1940 Act. A BDC is generally not permitted to issue senior securities unless after giving effect thereto the BDC meets a coverage ratio of total assets, less liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, to total senior securities, which includes all borrowings of the BDC, of at least 200%. Provided that a BDC meets certain disclosure requirements and obtains certain approvals, the asset coverage requirement applicable to such BDC is reduced from 200% to 150%. The reduced asset coverage requirement permits a BDC to have a ratio of total consolidated assets to outstanding indebtedness of 2:1 as compared to a maximum of 1:1 under the 200% asset coverage requirement. On March 16, 2022, our sole shareholder approved the adoption of this 150% threshold pursuant to Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act and such election became effective the following day.
1940 Act asset coverage requirements limit the amount that the Fund may borrow and may unfavorably limit the Fund’s ability to utilize Credit Facility Debt. If the value of the Fund’s assets declines, the Fund may be unable to satisfy the asset coverage test, which could prohibit the Fund from paying distributions. If the Fund cannot satisfy the asset coverage test, the Fund may be required to sell a portion of its investments and repay a portion of its indebtedness at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous. Accordingly, any failure to satisfy this test could have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition or results of operations.
We may default under our credit facilities.
In the event the Fund defaults under a credit facility or other borrowings, the Fund’s business could be adversely affected as the Fund may be forced to sell a portion of our investments quickly and prematurely at what may be disadvantageous prices to the Fund in order to meet our outstanding payment obligations and/or support working capital requirements under such borrowing facility, any of which would have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, following any such default, the agent for the lenders under such borrowing facility could assume control of the disposition of any or all of the Fund’s assets, including the selection of such assets to be disposed and the timing of such disposition, which would have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
We are uncertain of our sources for funding future distributions.
The Fund has not established any limit on the amount of funds we may use from available sources, such as borrowings, if any, or proceeds from this offering, to fund distributions (which may reduce the amount of capital we ultimately invest in assets). Shareholders should understand that any distributions made from sources other than cash
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flow from operations or relying on fee or expense reimbursement waivers, if any, from the Investment Adviser or the Administrator are not based on the Fund’s investment performance, and can only be sustained if the Fund achieves positive investment performance in future periods and/or the Investment Adviser or the Administrator continues to makes such expense reimbursements, if any. The extent to which the Fund pays distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations will depend on various factors, including the level of participation in the Fund’s distribution reinvestment plan, how quickly the Fund invests the proceeds from this and any future offering and the performance of the Fund’s investments. Shareholders should also understand that our future repayments to the Investment Adviser will reduce the distributions that they would otherwise receive. Shareholders should also understand that the Fund’s future repayments to the Investment Adviser will reduce the distributions that they would otherwise receive. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve such performance in order to sustain these distributions, or be able to pay distributions at all. The Investment Adviser and the Administrator have no obligation to waive fees or receipt of expense reimbursements, if any.
Although we expect to adopt a share repurchase program, we have discretion to not repurchase your shares, to suspend the program, and to cease repurchases.
Although we expect to adopt a share repurchase program, we have discretion to not repurchase your shares, to suspend the program, and to cease repurchases. Our Board of Trustees may amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase program at any time in its discretion. You may not be able to sell your shares at all in the event our Board of Trustees amends, suspends or terminates the share repurchase program, absent a liquidity event, and we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our Declaration of Trust or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time. We will notify you of such developments in our quarterly reports or other filings. If less than the full amount of Common Shares requested to be repurchased in any given repurchase offer are repurchased, funds will be allocated pro rata based on the total number of Common Shares being repurchased without regard to class. The share repurchase program has many limitations and should not be relied upon as a method to sell shares promptly or at a desired price.
The timing of our repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program may be at a time that is disadvantageous to our shareholders.
The timing of our repurchase offers pursuant to our share repurchase program may be at a time that is disadvantageous to our shareholders. In the event a shareholder chooses to participate in our share repurchase program, the shareholder will be required to provide us with notice of intent to participate prior to knowing what the NAV per share of the class of shares being repurchased will be on the Repurchase Date. Although a shareholder will have the ability to withdraw a repurchase request prior to the Repurchase Date, to the extent a shareholder seeks to sell shares to us as part of our periodic share repurchase program, the shareholder will be required to do so without knowledge of what the repurchase price of our shares will be on the Repurchase Date.
If we are unable to raise substantial funds, then we will be more limited in the number and type of investments we may make, our expenses may be higher relative to our total assets, and the value of your investment in us may be reduced in the event our assets under-perform.
Amounts that the Fund raises may not be sufficient for us to purchase a broad portfolio of investments. To the extent that less than the maximum number of Common Shares is subscribed for, the opportunity for the Fund to purchase a broad portfolio of investments may be decreased and the returns achieved on those investments may be reduced as a result of allocating all of our expenses among a smaller capital base. If the Fund is unable to raise substantial funds, we may not achieve certain economies of scale and our expenses may represent a larger proportion of our total assets.
We may have difficulty sourcing investment opportunities.
We have not identified the potential investments for our portfolio that we will acquire after this offering. We cannot assure investors that we will be able to locate a sufficient number of suitable investment opportunities to allow us to deploy all investments successfully. In addition, privately-negotiated investments in loans and illiquid securities of private middle market companies require substantial due diligence and structuring, and we cannot assure investors that we will achieve our anticipated investment pace. As a result, investors will be unable to evaluate any future portfolio company investments prior to purchasing our shares. Additionally, our Advisers will select our investments
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subsequent to this offering, and our shareholders will have no input with respect to such investment decisions. These factors increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in our shares. To the extent we are unable to deploy all investments, our investment income and, in turn, our results of operations, will likely be materially adversely affected.
Special considerations for certain benefit plan investors.
We intend to conduct our affairs so that our assets should not be deemed to constitute “plan assets” under ERISA and the Plan Asset Regulations. In this regard, until such time as all classes of our Common Shares are considered “publicly-offered securities” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations, we intend to limit investment in each class of our Common Shares so that holdings by “benefit plan investors” are not “significant” (within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations).
If, notwithstanding our intent, the assets of the Fund were deemed to be “plan assets” of any shareholder that is a “benefit plan investor” under the Plan Asset Regulations, this would result, among other things, in (i) the application of the prudence and other fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA to investments made by the Fund, and (ii) the possibility that certain transactions in which the Fund might seek to engage could constitute “prohibited transactions” under ERISA and the Code. If a prohibited transaction occurs for which no exemption is available, among other things, the Advisers and/or any other fiduciary that has engaged in the prohibited transaction could be required to (i) restore to the “benefit plan investor” any profit realized on the transaction and (ii) reimburse the Covered Plan for any losses suffered by the “benefit plan investor” as a result of the investment. In addition, each disqualified person (within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code) involved could be subject to an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved in the prohibited transaction for each year the transaction continues and, unless the transaction is corrected within statutorily required periods, to an additional tax of 100%. The Fiduciary of a “benefit plan investor” who decides to invest in the Fund could, under certain circumstances, be liable for prohibited transactions or other violations as a result of their investment in the Fund or as co-fiduciaries for actions taken by or on behalf of the Fund or the Advisers. With respect to a “benefit plan investor” that is an individual retirement account (an “IRA”) that invests in the Fund, the occurrence of a prohibited transaction involving the individual who established the IRA, or his or her beneficiaries, would cause the IRA to lose its tax-exempt status.
Until such time as all the classes of our Common Shares constitute “publicly traded securities” within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations, we have the power to (a) exclude any shareholder or potential shareholder from purchasing or transferring our Common Shares; (b) prohibit any redemption of our Common Shares; and (c) redeem some or all Common Shares held by any holder in each case if, and to the extent that, our Board of Trustees determines that there is a substantial risk that such holder’s purchase, ownership or redemption of Common Shares would result in our assets to be characterized as “plan assets,” for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility or prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, and all Common Shares of the Fund shall be subject to such terms and conditions.
Prospective investors should carefully review the matters discussed under “Restrictions on Share Ownership” and should consult with their own advisors as to the consequences of making an investment in the Fund.
Shareholders may experience dilution.
All distributions declared in cash payable to shareholders that are participants in our distribution reinvestment plan will generally be automatically reinvested in our Common Shares. As a result, shareholders that do not participate in our distribution reinvestment plan may experience dilution over time. Holders of our Common Shares will not have preemptive rights to any shares we issue in the future. Our Declaration of Trust allows us to issue an unlimited number of Common Shares. After you purchase Common Shares in this offering, our Board of Trustees may elect, without shareholder approval, to: (1) sell additional shares in this or future public offerings; (2) issue Common Shares or interests in any of our subsidiaries in private offerings; (3) issue Common Shares upon the exercise of the options we may grant to our Independent directors or future employees; or (4) subject to applicable law, issue Common Shares in payment of an outstanding obligation to pay fees for services rendered to us. To the extent we issue additional Common Shares after your purchase in this offering, your percentage ownership interest in us will be diluted. Because of these and other reasons, our shareholders may experience substantial dilution in their percentage ownership of our shares or their interests in the underlying assets held by our subsidiaries.
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The NAV of our Common Shares may fluctuate significantly.
The NAV and liquidity, if any, of the market for the Fund’s Common Shares may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include:
changes in regulatory policies or tax guidelines, particularly with respect to RICs or BDCs;
loss of RIC or BDC status;
changes in earnings or variations in operating results;
changes in the value of the Fund’s portfolio of investments;
changes in accounting guidelines governing valuation of our investments;
any shortfall in revenue or net income or any increase in losses from levels expected by investors;
departure of either of our adviser or certain of its respective key personnel;
general economic trends and other external factors; and
loss of a major funding source.
Our shares may be held by a diverse shareholder group.
The Fund’s shareholders are expected to be based in a wide variety of jurisdictions and take a wide variety of forms. The shareholders may have conflicting investment, tax and other interests with respect to their investments in the Fund and with respect to the interests of investors in other investment vehicles managed or advised by the Advisers and BlackRock that may participate in the same investments as the Fund. The conflicting interests of individual shareholders with respect to other shareholders and relative to investors in other investment vehicles would generally relate to or arise from, among other things, the nature of investments made by the Fund and such other partnerships, the structuring or the acquisition of investments and the timing of disposition of investments. As a consequence, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the decisions made by the Advisers or BlackRock, including with respect to the nature or structuring of investments that may be more beneficial for one investor than for another investor, especially with respect to investors’ individual tax situations.
In addition, the Fund may make investments that may have a negative impact on related investments made by the shareholders in separate transactions. In selecting and structuring investments appropriate for the Fund, the Advisers will consider the investment and tax objectives of the Fund and the shareholders as a whole, not the investment, tax or other objectives of any shareholder individually. In addition, certain shareholders also may be investors in other Client Accounts, including supplemental capital vehicles and co-investment vehicles that may invest alongside the Fund in one or more investments, consistent with applicable law and/or any applicable SEC-granted order. Shareholders also may include affiliates of the Advisers, including other Client Accounts. Affiliates of the Advisers may sponsor feeder vehicles that could invest in the Fund as shareholders. Such sponsors of feeder vehicles may charge their investors additional fees, including performance based fees. BlackRock may have incentives to refer potential investors to these feeder vehicles. BlackRock related shareholders will have equivalent rights to vote and withhold consents as nonrelated shareholders. Nonetheless, BlackRock may have the ability to influence, directly or indirectly, BlackRock related shareholders.
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ESTIMATED USE OF PROCEEDS
Based on prevailing conditions, we anticipate that we will invest the proceeds from each monthly subscription closing generally within 30 to 90 days. The precise timing will depend on the availability of investment opportunities that are consistent with our investment objective and strategies. Until we are able to find such investment opportunities, we intend to invest the net proceeds of this offering primarily in cash, cash-equivalents, U.S. government securities, money market funds and high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less from the time of investment. This is consistent with our status as a BDC and our intention to qualify annually as a RIC. The Investment Adviser does not expect to be able to fully achieve its target allocations until the Fund has raised substantial proceeds in this offering and acquired a broad portfolio of investments. During such time, a greater portion of the Fund’s assets may be invested in liquid securities consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies, which will be managed by the Sub-Adviser. The Investment Adviser cannot predict how long the period will last. The actual allocations of the Fund’s portfolio at any time will depend on the availability of investment opportunities, the Investment Adviser’s assessment of the relative attractiveness of such opportunities, inflows of capital into the Fund anticipated cash requirements and limitations or requirements relating to the Fund’s status as a BDC and intention to be treated as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to pay our operating expenses, fund distributions to shareholders and for general corporate purposes. Any distributions we make during the period before the Fund is fully invested in accordance with its target allocations may be substantially lower than the distributions that we expect to pay when our portfolio is fully invested.
We estimate that we will incur approximately $2.0 million of offering expenses (excluding the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee) in connection with this offering, or approximately 0.08% of the gross proceeds, assuming maximum gross proceeds of $2,500,000,000. The Investment Adviser has agreed to advance all of our organization and offering expenses on our behalf through the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Pursuant to the Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement we have entered into with the Investment Adviser, we will be obligated to reimburse the Investment Adviser for such advanced expenses following the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Any reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates.
The following tables set forth our estimate of how we intend to use the gross proceeds from this offering. Information is provided assuming that the Fund sells the maximum number of shares registered in this offering, or 100,000,000 shares. The amount of net proceeds may be more or less than the amount depicted in the table below depending on the public offering price of our shares and the actual number of shares we sell in this offering. The table below assumes that shares are sold at the initial offering price of $25.00 per share. Such amount is subject to increase or decrease based upon our NAV per share.
The following tables present information about the net proceeds raised in this offering for each class, assuming that we sell the maximum primary offering amount of $2,500,000,000. The tables assume that 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class S shares, 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Class D shares and 1/3 of our gross offering proceeds are from the sale of Institutional shares. The number of shares of each class sold and the relative proportions in which the classes of shares are sold are uncertain and may differ significantly from what is shown in the tables below. Because amounts in the following tables are estimates, they may not accurately reflect the actual receipt or use of the gross proceeds from this offering. Amounts expressed as a percentage of net proceeds or gross proceeds may be higher or lower due to rounding.
The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class S shares.
 
Maximum Offering of
$833,333,333 in
Class S Shares
Gross Proceeds(1)
$833,333,333
100%
Upfront Sales Load(2)
$
—%
Organization and Offering Expenses(3)
$669,083
0.08%
Net Proceeds Available for Investment
$832,664,250
99.92%
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The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Class D shares.
 
Maximum Offering of
$833,333,333 in
Class D Shares
Gross Proceeds(1)
$833,333,333
100%
Upfront Sales Load(2)
$
—%
Organization and Offering Expenses(3)
$669,083
0.08%
Net Proceeds Available for Investment
$832,664,250
99.92%
The following table presents information regarding the use of proceeds raised in this offering with respect to Institutional shares.
 
Maximum Offering of
$833,333,334 in
Institutional Shares
Gross Proceeds(1)
$833,333,334
100%
Upfront Sales Load(2)
$
—%
Organization and Offering Expenses(3)
$669,084
0.08%
Net Proceeds Available for Investment
$832,664,250
99.92%
(1)
We intend to conduct a continuous offering of an unlimited number of Common Shares over an unlimited time period by filing a new registration statement prior to the end of the three-year period described in Rule 415 under the Securities Act; however, in certain states this offering is subject to annual extensions.
(2)
No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to Class S shares, Class D shares or Institutional shares, however, if you buy Class S shares or Class D shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that selling agents limit such charges to a 3.5% cap on NAV for Class S shares and a 1.5% cap on NAV for Class D shares. Selling agents will not charge such fees on Institutional shares. We will pay the following shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees to the Distributor, subject to FINRA limitations on underwriting compensation: (a) for Class S shares, a shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee equal to 0.85% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class S shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month and (b) for Class D shares, a shareholder servicing fee equal to 0.25% per annum of the aggregate NAV of the Class D shares as of the beginning of the first calendar day of the month. The total amount that will be paid over time for shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees depends on the average length of time for which shares remain outstanding, the term over which such amount is measured and the performance of our investments, and is not expected to be paid from sources other than cash flow from operating activities. We will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on the Class S shares and Class D shares on the earlier to occur of the following: (i) a listing of Institutional shares, (ii) our merger or consolidation with or into another entity, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of our assets or (iii) the date following the completion of the primary portion of this offering on which, in the aggregate, underwriting compensation from all sources in connection with this offering, including the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee and other underwriting compensation, is equal to 10% of the gross proceeds from our primary offering. In addition, as required by exemptive relief allowing us to offer multiple classes of shares, at the end of the month in which the Distributor in conjunction with the transfer agent determines that total transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, and shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees paid with respect to any single share held in a shareholder’s account would exceed, in the aggregate, 10% of the gross proceeds from the sale of such share (or a lower limit as determined by the Distributor or the applicable selling agent), we will cease paying the shareholder servicing and/or distribution fee on either (i) each such share that would exceed such limit or (ii) all Class S shares and Class D shares in such shareholder’s account. We may modify this requirement if permitted by applicable exemptive relief. At the end of such month, the applicable Class S shares and Class D shares in such shareholder’s account will convert into a number of Institutional shares (including any fractional shares), with an equivalent aggregate NAV as such Class S shares and Class D shares. See “Plan of Distribution.”
(3)
The organization and offering expense numbers shown above represent our estimates of expenses to be incurred by us in connection with this offering and include estimated wholesaling expenses reimbursable by us. See “Plan of Distribution” for examples of the types of organization and offering expenses we may incur.
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PLAN OF OPERATION
The information in this section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Please see “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements. You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the financial statements and related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are a newly organized, externally managed, non-diversified closed-end management investment company that has elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. Formed as a Delaware statutory trust on December 23, 2021, we are externally managed by the Advisers, which is responsible for sourcing potential investments, conducting due diligence on prospective investments, analyzing investment opportunities, structuring investments and monitoring our portfolio on an ongoing basis. Our Adviser and Sub-Adviser are registered as investment advisers with the SEC. We also intend to elect to be treated, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under the Code.
Under our Advisory Agreement, we have agreed to pay the Investment Adviser an annual management fee as well as an incentive fee based on our investment performance. Also, under the Administration Agreement, we have agreed to reimburse the Administrator for the allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by the Administrator in performing its obligations under the Administration Agreement, including our allocable portion of the costs of compensation and related expenses of our chief compliance officer, chief financial officer, their respective staffs and other operational personnel. Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser, and not the Fund, will pay a portion of the management fee received by the Investment Adviser to the Sub-Adviser as a sub-advisory fee to the Sub-Adviser in an amount equal to a percentage of the average daily value of the Fund’s assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser.
Our investment objective is to target high risk-adjusted returns produced primarily from current income generated by investing primarily in directly originated, senior secured corporate debt instruments. Our investment strategy will focus primarily on originating and making loans to, and making debt and equity investments in, U.S. middle market companies, although, we may make investments in portfolio companies that are domiciled outside of the United States, including in emerging markets. We will invest in senior secured or unsecured loans, subordinated loans or mezzanine loans and, to a lesser extent, equity and equity-related securities which includes common and preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, and warrants. We define “middle market companies” to generally mean companies with earnings before interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization, or “EBITDA,” between $10 million and $250 million annually and/or annual revenue of $50 million to $2.5 billion at the time of investment. We may on occasion invest in smaller or larger companies if an attractive opportunity presents itself, especially when there are dislocations in the capital markets, including the high yield and large syndicated loan markets. Consistent with our goal of capital preservation, we generally intend to invest in companies with loan-to-value ratios of 50% or lower. Our target credit investments will typically have maturities between three and ten years. Once we raise sufficient capital, we expect that investments typically will have position sizes that range between 1% and 3% of our portfolio, although investment sizes will vary with the size of our capital base, particularly during the period prior to raising sufficient capital. To a lesser extent, we may make investments in syndicated loan opportunities for cash management purposes, which includes but is not limited to maintaining more liquid investments to manage our share repurchase program.
While our investment strategy will focus primarily on middle market companies in the United States, including senior secured loans, we also may invest up to 30% of our portfolio in investments of non-qualifying portfolio companies. Specifically, as part of this 30% basket, we may consider investments in investment funds that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions to the 1940 Act, as well as in debt and equity of companies located outside of the United States and debt and equity of public companies that do not meet the definition of eligible portfolio companies because their market capitalization of publicly traded equity securities exceeds the levels provided for in the 1940 Act.
The level of our investment activity depends on many factors, including the amount of debt and equity capital available to prospective portfolio companies, the level of merger, acquisition and refinancing activity for such companies, the availability of credit to finance transactions, the general economic environment and the competitive environment for the types of investments we make. Based on prevailing market conditions, we anticipate that we will
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invest the proceeds from each subscription closing generally within 30 to 90 days. The precise timing will depend on the availability of investment opportunities that are consistent with our investment objective and strategies. Any distributions we make during such period may be substantially lower than the distributions that we expect to pay when our portfolio is fully invested.
To seek to enhance our returns, we intend to employ leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of the Investment Adviser, but in no event will leverage employed exceed the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act, which currently allows us to borrow up to a 2:1 debt to equity ratio. We intend to use leverage in the form of borrowings, including loans from certain financial institutions and the issuance of debt securities. We may also use leverage in the form of the issuance of preferred shares, but do not currently intend to do so. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook. Any such leverage, if incurred, would be expected to increase the total capital available for investment by the Fund. See “Risk Factors—When we borrow money, the potential for loss on amounts invested in us will be magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us. Borrowed money may also adversely affect the return on our assets, reduce cash available for distribution to our shareholders and result in losses.”
See “Investment Objective and Strategies” for more information about our investment strategies. Our investments are subject to a number of risks. See “Risk Factors.”
Revenues
We plan to generate revenue in the form of interest income on debt investments, capital gains, and dividend income from our equity investments in our portfolio companies. Our senior and subordinated debt investments are expected to bear interest at a fixed or floating rate. Interest on debt securities is generally payable quarterly or semiannually. In some cases, some of our investments may provide for deferred interest payments or PIK interest. The principal amount of the debt securities and any accrued but unpaid PIK interest generally will become due at the maturity date. In addition, we may generate revenue in the form of commitment and other fees in connection with transactions. Original issue discounts and market discounts or premiums will be capitalized, and we will accrete or amortize such amounts as interest income. We will record prepayment premiums on loans and debt securities as interest income. Dividend income, if any, will be recognized on an accrual basis to the extent that we expect to collect such amounts.
Expenses
The Fund will be responsible for paying the compensation of the Investment Adviser. In addition, the Fund will generally be responsible for all operating expenses of the Fund, and shall pay, and shall reimburse the Investment Adviser or the Administrator and their respective affiliates for, all fees, costs, expenses, liabilities and obligations of the Fund relating or attributable to:
the Fund’s business, affairs and operations, including any private placement fees, sales commissions, appraisal fees, taxes, brokerage fees and commissions, underwriting commissions and discounts, expenses related to short sales, indemnification obligations, legal, accounting, research, auditing, information, appraisal, advisory, valuation (including third-party valuations, appraisals or pricing services), consulting (including consulting and retaining fees and other compensation paid to consultants performing investment initiatives and other similar consultants), tax, investment banking, information services, title, transfer, registration, loan agency services (including any third party service providers related to the foregoing) and other professional fees, expenses of filings and registrations;
activities with respect to the structuring, organizing, negotiating, consummating, financing, refinancing, acquiring, bidding on, owning, managing, monitoring, operating, holding, hedging, restructuring, trading, taking public or private, selling, valuing, winding up, liquidating, or otherwise disposing of, as applicable, of actual and potential investments (including any associated legal, financing, commitment, transaction or other fees and expenses payable to attorneys, accountants, investment bankers, lenders, third-party diligence software and service providers, consultants and similar professionals in connection therewith and any fees and expenses related to transactions that may have been offered to co-investors), whether or not any contemplated transaction or project is consummated and whether or not such activities are successful;
investment transactions that are not consummated, including break-up fees and other “broken deal” costs, and legal, accounting, investment banking, consulting, information services and other professional fees related thereto;
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compensation of the Independent Trustees of the Fund;
the preparation of audits, financial and tax reports, portfolio valuations and tax returns of the Fund, including fees and out-of-pocket expenses of any service company retained to provide accounting and bookkeeping services to the Fund;
all ongoing legal and compliance costs of the Fund (including any costs associated with complying with any tax reporting regime) and the costs of prosecuting or defending any legal action for or against the Fund;
all extraordinary professional fees incurred in connection with the business or management of the Fund;
all indemnification, contribution and similar obligations of the Fund;
indebtedness of, or guarantees made by, the Fund (including any credit facility, letter of credit or similar credit support), including interest with respect thereto, or seeking to put in place any such indebtedness or guarantee, and principal and interest on, and fees and expenses arising out of, all permitted borrowings (including any credit facility, letter of credit or similar credit support) made by the Fund and costs and expenses incurred in connection with seeking to put in place such borrowings (including, but not limited to, financing, commitment, origination and similar fees and expenses) and costs of reporting to the Fund’s creditors;
any hedging transactions (including currency hedging and other types of hedging), including in respect of the Fund and/or its investments;
any litigation, indemnification, judgments, settlements, director and officer liability or other insurance, including reasonable premiums for insurance protecting the Fund, any of its affiliates and any of its employees and agents, and all other extraordinary expenses or liabilities of the Fund (including fees, costs and expenses that are classified as extraordinary expenses under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”));
all administrative costs and expenses of the Fund, including the fees of, and reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred by, any administrator (including the Administrator) and/or any other agent appointed by the Fund properly incurred by them, including any fees and expenses of custodians, transfer and distribution agents;
reporting to the Fund’s shareholders, conducting shareholder meetings and the solicitation of shareholder consents, proxy expenses and expenses of communications to investors;
any governmental and regulatory filings and reporting requirements and other tax or regulatory requirements in respect of the Fund (including costs related to regulatory compliance and government filings) and costs of responding to regulatory inquiries;
all expenses of dissolving and winding up the Fund;
any taxes, fees or other governmental charges levied against the Fund and all expenses incurred in connection with any tax audit, investigation, settlement or review of the Fund;
any supplements or amendments to or restatements of, and waivers, consents or approvals pursuant to, the constituent documents of the Fund and any related entities, including the preparation, distribution and implementation thereof;
distributions or dividends;
all ongoing legal, regulatory, listing, share trustee and compliance costs, including the costs of any third-party consultants (including any costs associated with the implementation of and/or compliance with any change of law or regulation applicable to the Fund) of the Fund, including third-party consultants engaged by the Fund or the Advisers in connection with the Fund’s regulatory or compliance reporting or the Advisers’ regulatory or compliance reporting arising from the operation of the Fund;
agreements (including letter agreements) entered into with any investor or potential investor, and modifications and amendments to, and compliance with, such agreements;
printing and mailing, communications, marketing and publicity;
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expenses relating to transfers of interests (although as determined by the Investment Adviser in its sole discretion, the Fund may require the transferor of (or the party withdrawing) Interests to pay the expenses relating to the transfer);
the Fund’s allocable share of all costs and expenses (including taxes) related to entities in which the Fund holds an interest that are established to hold investments;
travel, lodging, meals or entertainment expenses relating to any of the foregoing, provided that any applicable travel expenses incurred as organizational or operating expenses will not be charged to or borne by the Fund at a cost exceeding the cost of available first-class commercial airfare;
any additional amounts in order for the Fund to comply with any transfer pricing requirements, to the extent required by applicable law, in each case to the extent any such additional amounts are calculated on an arm’s-length basis; and
any VAT payable in respect of any of the foregoing expenses, fees or costs.
On behalf of the Fund, the Investment Adviser or the Administrator may advance payment of any such fees and expenses of the Fund, and the Fund will reimburse the Investment Adviser or the Administrator therefor in accordance with the Advisory Agreement or the Administration Agreement.
Expenses associated with the general overhead of the Investment Adviser and the Administrator will not be covered by the Fund. Each of the Investment Adviser and the Administrator, as applicable, will be responsible for, without reimbursement by the Fund, all of its own day-to-day operating expenses, such as compensation of its professional staff and the cost of office space, office supplies, communications, utilities and other such normal overhead expenses (except for certain expenses set forth in the Administration Agreement). The Advisers will also be responsible for all legal, filing and other fees and expenses incurred in connection with the Advisers’ registration and compliance with the Advisers Act and any related foreign laws, including: (i) all fees and expenses related to registration as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act and any related foreign laws, and the maintenance of such registration, and (ii) all fees and costs relating to the filing of the Form ADV of the Advisers (provided, that any compliance fees and costs that relate directly to the affairs of the Fund (and not BlackRock-managed entities generally), including (but not limited to) costs of custodians and foreign registrations, will be expenses of the Fund).
For the avoidance of doubt, Operating Expenses will be borne by the Fund and will not be considered administrative and overhead expenses of the Investment Adviser or the Administrator.
Pursuant to the Sub-Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser, and not the Fund, will pay a portion of the management fee received by the Investment Adviser to the Sub-Adviser as a sub-advisory fee to the Sub-Adviser in an amount equal to a percentage of the average daily value of the Fund’s assets allocated to the Sub-Adviser.
Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement
We have entered into a Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement (the “Expense Support Agreement”) with the Investment Adviser. Pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement, the Investment Adviser will pay all of our organizational and offering expenses on our behalf (each, an “Expense Payment”).
During each of the 36 months following the commencement of the Fund’s operations, we will reimburse the Investment Adviser for any and all Expense Payments incurred by the Investment Adviser under the Expense Support Agreement to the extent that our annual Operating Expenses (as defined below) do not exceed 1.25% of the value of our net assets, calculated monthly based on month-end net assets. Any payments required to be made by the Fund shall be referred to herein as a “Reimbursement Payment.” “Operating Expenses” for purposes of the Fee Waiver and Expense Support and Reimbursement Agreement means all annual operating expenses of the Fund incurred in the ordinary course of business, excluding offering costs incurred by the Fund, interest expense and other financing costs, portfolio transaction and other investment-related costs, base management fee and incentive fee payable pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, shareholder servicing and/or distribution fees, taxes and any other extraordinary expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business (including, without limitation, litigation expenses).
We shall pay the Reimbursement Payment for any calendar month to the Investment Adviser as promptly as possible following such calendar month and in no event later than forty-five days after the end of such calendar month.
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In addition, the Investment Adviser will waive the base management fee and incentive fees, if any, due to it under the Advisory Agreement for the first twelve months following the commencement of the Fund’s operations. Such amount shall not be subject to reimbursement or recoupment pursuant to the Expense Support Agreement or otherwise.
Financial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources
We expect to generate cash primarily from (i) the net proceeds of this offering, (ii) cash flows from our operations, (iii) any financing arrangements we may enter into in the future and (iv) any future offerings of our equity or debt securities. Following the initial closing, we intend to sell our shares on a continuous basis at a per share price equal to the then-current NAV per share.
Our primary uses of cash will be for (i) investments in portfolio companies and other investments, (ii) the cost of operations (including paying the Investment Adviser and the Administrator), (iii) cost of any borrowings or other financing arrangements and (iv) cash distributions to the holders of our shares.
Net Worth of Sponsors
The NASAA, in its Omnibus Guidelines Statement of Policy adopted on March 29, 1992 and as amended on May 7, 2007 and from time to time (the “Omnibus Guidelines”), requires that our affiliates and Investment Adviser, or our Sponsor as defined under the Omnibus Guidelines, have an aggregate financial net worth, exclusive of home, automobiles and home furnishings, of the greater of either $100,000, or 5.0% of the first $20 million of both the gross amount of securities currently being offered in this offering and the gross amount of any originally issued direct participation program securities sold by our affiliates and sponsors within the past 12 months, plus 1.0% of all amounts in excess of the first $20 million. Based on these requirements, our Investment Adviser and its affiliates, while not liable directly or indirectly for any indebtedness we may incur, have an aggregate financial net worth in excess of those amounts required by the Omnibus Guidelines Statement of Policy.
Critical Accounting Policies
This discussion of our expected operating plans is based upon our expected financial statements, which will be prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements will require our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Changes in the economic environment, financial markets and any other parameters used in determining such estimates could cause actual results to differ. In addition to the discussion below, we will describe our critical accounting policies in the notes to our future financial statements.
Fair Value Measurements
The Fund is required to report its investments for which current market values are not readily available at fair value. The Fund values its investments in accordance with FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”), which defines fair value as the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the applicable measurement date. ASC 820 prioritizes the use of observable market prices derived from such prices over entity-specific inputs. Due to the inherent uncertainties of valuation, certain estimated fair values may differ significantly from the values that would have been realized had a ready market for these investments existed, and these differences could be material. See “Determination of Net Asset Value” for more information on how we value our investments.
Revenue Recognition
Interest Income
Interest income is recorded on an accrual basis and includes the accretion of discounts and amortizations of premiums. Discounts from and premiums to par value on debt investments purchased are accreted/amortized into interest income over the life of the respective security using the effective interest method. The amortized cost of debt investments represents the original cost, including loan origination fees and upfront fees received that are deemed to be an adjustment to yield, adjusted for the accretion of discounts and amortization of premiums, if any. Upon prepayment of a loan or debt security, any prepayment premiums, unamortized upfront loan origination fees and unamortized discounts are recorded as interest income in the current period.
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PIK Income
The Fund may have loans in its portfolio that contain PIK provisions. PIK represents interest that is accrued and recorded as interest income at the contractual rates, increases the loan principal on the respective capitalization dates, and is generally due at maturity. Such income is included in interest income in the Fund’s statement of operations. If at any point the Fund believes PIK is not expected to be realized, the investment generating PIK will be placed on non-accrual status. When a PIK investment is placed on non-accrual status, the accrued, uncapitalized interest is generally reversed through interest income. To maintain the Fund’s status as a RIC, this non-cash source of income must be paid out to shareholders in the form of dividends, even though the Fund has not yet collected cash.
Dividend Income
Dividend income on preferred equity securities is recorded on the accrual basis to the extent that such amounts are payable by the portfolio company and are expected to be collected. Dividend income on common equity securities is recorded on the record date for private portfolio companies or on the ex-dividend date for publicly-traded portfolio companies.
Fee Income
The Fund may receive various fees in the ordinary course of business such as structuring, consent, waiver, amendment, syndication fees as well as fees for managerial assistance rendered by the Fund to the portfolio companies. Such fees are recognized as income when earned or the services are rendered.
Non-Accrual Income
Loans are generally placed on non-accrual status when there is reasonable doubt that principal or interest will be collected in full. Accrued interest is generally reversed when a loan is placed on non-accrual status. Additionally, any original issue discount and market discount are no longer accreted to interest income as of the date the loan is placed on non-accrual status. Interest payments received on non-accrual loans may be recognized as income or applied to principal depending upon management’s judgment regarding collectability. Non-accrual loans are restored to accrual status when past due principal and interest is paid current and, in management’s judgment, are likely to remain current. Management may make exceptions to this treatment and determine to not place a loan on non-accrual status if the loan has sufficient collateral value and is in the process of collection.
Distributions
To the extent that the Fund has taxable income available, the Fund intends to make monthly distributions to its shareholders. Distributions to shareholders are recorded on the record date. All distributions will be paid at the discretion of our Board of Trustees and will depend on our earnings, financial condition, maintenance of our tax treatment as a RIC, compliance with applicable BDC regulations and such other factors as our Board of Trustees may deem relevant from time to time.
Income Taxes
The Fund has elected to be treated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The Fund also intends to elect to be treated as a RIC under the Code. So long as the Fund maintains its status as a RIC, it generally will not pay corporate- level U.S. federal income taxes on any ordinary income or capital gains that it distributes at least annually to its shareholders as dividends. Rather, any tax liability related to income earned and distributed by the Fund would represent obligations of the Fund’s investors and would not be reflected in the financial statements of the Fund.
The Fund evaluates tax positions taken or expected to be taken in the course of preparing its financial statements to determine whether the tax positions are “more-likely-than-not” to be sustained by the applicable tax authority. Tax positions not deemed to meet the “more-likely-than-not” threshold are reserved and recorded as a tax benefit or expense in the current year. All penalties and interest associated with income taxes are included in income tax expense. Conclusions regarding tax positions are subject to review and may be adjusted at a later date based on factors including, but not limited to, on-going analyses of tax laws, regulations and interpretations thereof.
To qualify for and maintain qualification as a RIC, the Fund must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements. In addition, to qualify for RIC tax treatment, the Fund must distribute to its
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shareholders, for each taxable year, at least 90% of the sum of (i) its “investment company taxable income” for that year (without regard to the deduction for dividends paid), which is generally its ordinary income plus the excess, if any, of its realized net short-term capital gains over its realized net long-term capital losses and (ii) its net tax-exempt income, if any.
In addition, based on the excise tax distribution requirements, the Fund is subject to a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax on undistributed income unless the Fund distributes in a timely manner in each taxable year an amount at least equal to the sum of (1) 98% of its ordinary income for the calendar year, (2) 98.2% of capital gain net income (both long-term and short-term) for the one-year period ending October 31 in that calendar year and (3) any income realized, but not distributed, in prior years. For this purpose, however, any ordinary income or capital gain net income retained by the Fund that is subject to corporate income tax is considered to have been distributed.
Contractual Obligations
We have entered into the Advisory Agreement with the Investment Adviser to provide us with investment advisory services, the Sub-Advisory Agreement, among us, the Investment Adviser and the Sub-Adviser, to provide us with investment sub-advisory services and the Administration Agreement with the Administrator to provide us with administrative services. Payments for investment advisory services under the Advisory Agreements and reimbursements under the Administration Agreement are described in “Advisory Agreement, Sub-Advisory Agreement and Administration Agreement.”
We intend to establish one or more credit facilities or enter into other financing arrangements to facilitate investments and the timely payment of our expenses. It is anticipated that any such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates at to-be-determined spreads over a specified reference rate, such as SOFR. We cannot assure shareholders that we will be able to enter into a credit facility on favorable terms or at all. In connection with a credit facility or other borrowings, lenders may require us to pledge assets, commitments and/or drawdowns (and the ability to enforce the payment thereof) and may ask to comply with positive or negative covenants that could have an effect on our operations.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Other than contractual commitments and other legal contingencies incurred in the normal course of our business, we do not expect to have any off-balance sheet financings or liabilities.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We will be subject to financial market risks, including changes in interest rates. A rise in the general level of interest rates can be expected to lead to higher interest rates applicable to the variable rate investments we may hold and to declines in the value of any fixed rate investments we may hold. A rise in interest rates would also be expected to lead to higher cost on our floating rate borrowings. If deemed prudent, we may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to minimize our exposure to interest rate fluctuations.
We plan to invest primarily in illiquid debt securities of private companies. Most of our investments will not have a readily available market price, and we will value these investments at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures adopted by, and under the oversight of, the Board in accordance with our valuation policy. There is no single standard for determining fair value in good faith. As a result, determining fair value requires that judgment be applied to the specific facts and circumstances of each portfolio investment while employing a consistently applied valuation process for the types of investments we make. See “Determination of Net Asset Value.”
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INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES
We were formed on December 23, 2021, as a Delaware statutory trust. We were organized to invest primarily in originated loans and other securities, including syndicated loans, of private middle market U.S. companies.
We have filed an election to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act.We also intend to elect to be treated as soon as reasonably practical, and intend to qualify annually thereafter, as a RIC under Subchapter M of the Code. As a BDC and a RIC, we will be required to comply with certain regulatory requirements.
Our investment objective is to target high risk-adjusted returns produced primarily from current income generated by investing primarily in directly originated, senior secured corporate debt instruments.
The Investment Adviser has a deep and experienced investment team, organized across 19 industry-focused verticals, that is among the most tenured in the direct lending market, having invested in the strategy across multiple market cycles for more than 20 years. This depth of experience enables the team to not only identify more complex, unique and less competitive investments, but also to structure customized downside protection and better target outsized risk-adjusted returns.
The Fund expects to benefit from BlackRock’s broad and established sourcing network to seek attractive investment opportunities across all market environments. BlackRock is one of the largest corporate lenders in the world and a long-tenured participant in the private debt markets. As such, it has diversified sourcing channels and maintains an active dialogue with industry and sector contacts, banks, brokers, sponsors, secondary desks, client relationships, other credit-focused investment managers and its well-established network of industry experts and executive-level operating professionals – all of which help to produce attractive deal flow.
The Investment Adviser believes its deep industry and credit experience distinguishes its reputation, allowing BlackRock to uncover opportunities that less-experienced managers are either not qualified to analyze, or are under-resourced to properly evaluate. BlackRock will continue its longstanding practice of seeking to alter the risk/reward balance in favor of its clients by using a hands-on approach to seek to create superior risk-adjusted returns while protecting value in challenging situations when required.
Once we have invested a substantial amount of proceeds from this offering, the Fund expects to benefit from BlackRock’s successful strategy of investing in privately-originated, performing senior secured debt primarily in North America-based companies. The Fund expects to hold positions in first lien, second lien and unitranche debt, with a preference for floating-rate debt, which the Investment Adviser believes provides flexibility to adapt to changing market conditions.
Our investment strategy will focus primarily on originating and making loans to U.S. middle market companies, although, we may make investments in portfolio companies that are domiciled outside of the United States, subject to regulatory limitations and other investment restrictions discussed in this Registration Statement. We will invest in senior secured or unsecured loans, subordinated loans or mezzanine loans and, to a lesser extent, equity and equity-related securities which includes common and preferred stock, securities convertible into common stock, and warrants. We define “middle market companies” to generally mean companies with enterprise values between $100 million and $2.5 billion. We may on occasion invest in smaller or larger companies if an attractive opportunity presents itself, especially when there are dislocations in the capital markets. The Investment Adviser will generally target for the Fund what it views as healthy businesses that are seeking capital for various objectives, including but not limited to, growth, acquisitions, refinancings/recapitalizations, expansion stage venture lending and LBO activity. BlackRock actively seeks to uncover what it believes are overlooked, asset-rich opportunities with a degree of complexity “outside-of the-box” for traditional senior debt providers.
Once we raise sufficient capital, we expect that investments typically will have position sizes that range between 1% and 3% of our portfolio, although investment sizes will vary with the size of our capital base, particularly during the period prior to raising sufficient capital. To a lesser extent, we may make investments in syndicated loan opportunities for cash management purposes, which includes but is not limited to maintaining liquidity for more liquid investments to manage our share repurchase program.
Most of our investments will be in private U.S. companies, but (subject to compliance with BDCs’ requirement to invest at least 70% of its assets in private U.S. companies) we also expect to invest to some extent in European and other non-U.S. companies, but we do not expect to invest in emerging markets. Subject to the limitations of the 1940
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Act, we may invest in loans or other securities, the proceeds of which may refinance or otherwise repay debt or securities of companies whose debt is owned by other BlackRock funds. From time to time, we may co-invest with other BlackRock funds. See “Regulation—Exemptive Relief.”
The Fund will pursue primary loan originations as its core strategy with capacity for secondary market accumulations when appropriate. A long-established history of investing in both of these segments affords BlackRock the flexibility to pursue what it views as superior risk-adjusted returns in a variety of market conditions.
The Fund expects that a significant portion of the debt investments in the Fund’s portfolio will bear interest based on floating rates, such as the Federal Funds Rate, SOFR, the Prime Rate, EURIBOR or LIBOR. See “Risk Factors— Changes relating to the LIBOR calculation process, the phase-out of LIBOR and the use of replacement rates for LIBOR may adversely affect the value of our portfolio securities.”
To seek to enhance our returns, we intend to employ leverage as market conditions permit and at the discretion of the Investment Adviser, but in no event will leverage employed exceed the limitations set forth in the 1940 Act; which currently allows us to borrow up to a 2:1 debt to equity ratio. We intend to use leverage in the form of borrowings, including loans from certain financial institutions and the issuance of debt securities. We may also use leverage in the form of the issuance of preferred shares, but do not currently intend to do so. In determining whether to borrow money, we will analyze the maturity, covenant package and rate structure of the proposed borrowings as well as the risks of such borrowings compared to our investment outlook. Any such leverage, if incurred, would be expected to increase the total capital available for investment by the Fund. See “Risk Factors—When we borrow money, the potential for loss on amounts invested in us will be magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us. Borrowed money may also adversely affect the return on our assets, reduce cash available for distribution to our shareholders and result in losses.”
We expect to pay regular monthly distributions, which are expected to commence with the first full calendar quarter after the commencement of the Fund’s operations. The Board of Trustees, in its sole discretion, may cause the Fund to pay one or more monthly distributions earlier than the first full calendar quarter after the commencement of the Fund’s operations, taking into consideration the proceeds received at the initial closing, the investment of such proceeds, investment income and other investment proceeds received by the Fund and the Fund’s expenses. Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our Board of Trustees, considering factors such as our earnings, cash flow, capital needs and general financial condition and the requirements of Delaware law. As a result, our distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time.
Our investments are subject to a number of risks. See “Risk Factors.”
The Investment Adviser, the Sub-Adviser and the Administrator
The Fund’s investment activities will be managed by BlackRock Capital Investment Advisors, LLC, an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act. Our Adviser will be responsible for originating prospective investments, conducting research and due diligence investigations on potential investments, analyzing investment opportunities, negotiating and structuring our investments and monitoring our investments and portfolio companies on an ongoing basis.
BlackRock Advisors, LLC, an investment adviser registered with the SEC under the Advisers Act, serves as our sub-adviser. The Sub-Adviser will perform certain of the day-to-day investment management of the Fund. The Sub-Adviser will be primarily responsible for the Fund’s investments liquid investments, including liquid investments held during the period of time that the Fund is investing the proceeds of this offering in accordance with its investment strategy.
BlackRock Financial Management, Inc, as our Administrator, will provide, or oversee the performance of, administrative and compliance services, including, but not limited to, maintaining financial records, overseeing the calculation of NAV, compliance monitoring (including diligence and oversight of our other service providers), preparing reports to shareholders and reports filed with the SEC, preparing materials and coordinating meetings of our Board of Trustees, managing the payment of expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered by others and providing office space, equipment and office services.
The Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser are affiliates of BlackRock. As such, our Adviser and Sub-Adviser have access to the broader resources of BlackRock, subject to BlackRock’s policies and procedures regarding the management of conflicts of interest.
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BlackRock is the world’s largest publicly traded investment management firm, with over $10 trillion of assets under management as of December 31, 2021. BlackRock manages assets on behalf of institutions and individuals worldwide through a variety of equity, fixed income, real estate, cash management and alternative investment products. BlackRock serves clients in North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa and the Middle East. Headquartered in New York, BlackRock maintains offices in over 30 countries, including 25 primary investment centers. BlackRock’s institutional knowledge includes proprietary valuation techniques, market outlook, competitive evaluation and structuring and operational expertise. In addition, BlackRock provides risk management, investment system outsourcing and financial advisory services to a growing number of institutional investors. Through BlackRock Solutions®, BlackRock provides risk management and advisory services that combine capital markets expertise with internally-developed systems and technology.
Attractive Opportunities in Senior Secured Loans
BlackRock believes that an attractive investment environment exists for middle market and privately-originated illiquid loans using the investment strategy and approach that BlackRock has successfully employed for over 20 years. Over that time, due to fundamental changes in the U.S. banking system and corporate debt market, lending to middle market companies in the U.S. has radically transformed.
Since BlackRock’s first direct lending investment was made in June 2000, the role of banks in middle-market lending has materially reduced. In order to comply with regulations, such as Basel III, the Dodd-Frank Act and certain provisions therein known as the “Volcker Rule,” banks have reduced their balance sheets to de-risk their business activities. Banks simply cannot lend on the scale they once did to absorb the supply of middle market loans because it has become economically challenging for banks to hold middle market loans. BlackRock recognizes that stricter regulations and enforcement of leveraged lending guidelines has further reduced bank lending activities in the middle market versus earlier periods, and in particular, the period prior to the global financial crisis.
Simultaneously, middle market financing needs are high. BlackRock believes that institutional private capital will be needed to address a large volume of financing requirements over the next several years driven by refinancing needs as well as deployment of private equity cash reserves (often referred to as “dry powder”).
BlackRock believes that the growth of small-to-medium sized businesses will be key to growth for all developed economies, and in particular, the United States. Middle market companies represent approximately one-third of U.S. private sector GDP and employ nearly 48 million people, providing approximately one-third of all U.S. jobs, according to the National Center for the Middle Market. BlackRock anticipates that direct lending providers to the middle market will enable these businesses to access capital that is increasingly difficult for them to obtain from traditional bank sources yet is important for continued economic growth. In particular, BlackRock believes the direct lending strategy has developed into a core asset class that serves the needs of this segment of the U.S. economy. BlackRock has established itself as a leader in this segment over almost two decades with a reputation for reliability and creativity in structuring financing solutions.
Potential Competitive Strengths
BlackRock believes that the following characteristics distinguish it from other firms and will allow the Fund to maximize the risk/reward ratio of a given investment opportunity.
Strategy
BlackRock has successfully applied its direct lending strategy throughout its history to generate attractive investment opportunities in all phases of a market cycle. Since 1999, BlackRock has deployed more than $28.5 billion across more than 615 companies in its direct lending strategy. BlackRock believes that the following elements of its direct lending strategy are designed to enable the Fund to generate above-market yields:
I.
Identifying value where others do not, in complex or overlooked deals through unique, multi-channel sourcing.
II.
Large, reputable and deeply experienced team that has the ability to respond to various market conditions quickly and effectively.
III.
Dual direct lending and stressed/distressed (special situations) experience to structure better pricing and downside protection and be prepared for unexpected events.
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Focus on the Middle-Market
Since BlackRock’s first direct lending loan in its first institutional fund was made in 2000, its direct lending strategy has focused primarily on North American middle-market companies with target enterprise values from $100 million to $2.5 billion.
Direct Lending Investment Network and Superior Deal Sourcing Capability
BlackRock’s primary deal flow is derived from its proprietary network established over a 20+ year history of providing direct lending capital to middle-market U.S. companies and its intensive industry research and relationship-based approach. BlackRock’s investment professionals maintain established relationships among industry-focused bankers, restructuring professionals, bankruptcy and other attorneys, senior lenders, liquidators, high yield specialists, research analysts and major accounting firms. BlackRock’s long history in direct investing provides what it believes is a broader and deeper network of contacts among fellow corporate board members, former colleagues from a range of high-quality firms, other financial and operating professionals, insurance companies, credit funds, private equity funds, hedge funds and other similar alternative investment funds, which assists in sourcing and negotiating transaction opportunities. Given both its extremely long tenure in the market as well as its position within the world’s largest asset manager, BlackRock is often a first call for middle-market direct lending opportunities, and in particular, those that require a level of specialized knowledge or skill to underwrite and execute. BlackRock’s Capital Markets team helps to harness the power of the global franchise in an effort to ensure that BlackRock sees the broadest range of deal opportunities across its investment business. Furthermore, BlackRock’s relationships with prior portfolio companies help facilitate positive word-of-mouth recommendations to others seeking BlackRock’s expertise and capital.
Access to Operating Talent
The Investment Adviser augments its aforementioned in-house talent with multi-year relationships with former senior executives with strong records of success in major companies across industries in which BlackRock invests. These executive relationships may be used for assistance with due diligence, board seats, sourcing, and in some cases, to fill certain portfolio company operating roles.
Integrity
BlackRock conducts business with the highest standards for integrity. Those standards are apparent in its transparency and openness with its clients, its conservative accounting and management principles, and its relationships with counterparties, rival and allied creditors, portfolio company management teams and external advisors. BlackRock recognizes the value its business integrity provides in attracting clients, employees and operating talent, sourcing and evaluating transactions, and in reorganization negotiations.
A Leader in Alternative Credit Investing
For 35+ years, including through legacy entities, BlackRock has been creating and managing alternatives portfolios. BlackRock has continually grown investment capabilities in response to, and in anticipation of, client needs. This strategic commitment is reflected in the considerable human and technological resources it has developed in order to ensure the long-term success of its alternatives platform. BlackRock has also hired respected industry professionals to complement its homegrown talent. Today, BlackRock has over 840+ professionals dedicated solely to alternatives across 25+ global investment centers. BlackRock’s strong governance and scale enable its investment teams to focus solely on investing and benefit from accessing more deals, research, and insight than they would as independent businesses. BlackRock’s scale helps it deliver sourcing, performance, and solutions that aim to help clients achieve objectives. The Investment Adviser’s leadership team comprises senior professionals from BlackRock.
Investment Process
BlackRock’s investment process is designed for superior execution based upon its strategic advantages: a deep bench of experienced credit professionals across both liquid and illiquid credit strategies, a strong brand name in middle-market direct lending and unique in-house skills in each stage of its investment process.
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The investment process is structured around a group of senior industry-focused investment professionals organized into teams that typically follow an investment from origination through realization and supplemented by incremental origination resources designed to make certain the Firm is accessing all key sourcing channels. BlackRock believes that this consistent involvement of industry focused professionals with intimate knowledge of a company and its unique industry dynamics leads to better investment outcomes. The Investment Adviser’s investment professionals, particularly at the senior levels, also possess a broad range of transactional experience across both its direct lending and opportunistic credit strategies. The Investment Adviser believes that this multi-strategy experience benefits direct lending in two key areas: (1) it informs its underwriting, and (2) it improves the Investment Adviser’s ability to source investment opportunities. The complementary experience in stressed/distressed (special situations) credit informs the Investment Adviser’s underwriting for direct lending portfolios, as substantial experience with companies across each industry vertical in challenging circumstances assists the team in better understanding relevant areas of diligence and critical documentation provisions that have been previously stress-tested with other comparable companies in each industry sector.
The ability to provide a capital solution to a wide range of middle market deal sources over more than 20 years and across the industries the Firm follows, both in good times and bad, also makes the BlackRock investment professionals consistently relevant to those deal sources as a valuable capital provider. When industry sectors are performing, BlackRock professionals are providing more direct lending capital, but when an industry experiences a downturn, BlackRock professionals remain relevant as an opportunistic credit capital provider. BlackRock believes that this active participation across its industry teams to all phases of an industry cycle encourages knowledge-sharing, active debate, critical examination of unique opportunities, more robust origination and establishes a deeper set of relationships with key deal sources that need a reliable partner.
BlackRock evaluates investment opportunities by following a rigorous and disciplined investment process that combines the characteristics highlighted below.

Deal Sourcing
BlackRock’s deal flow comes from its proprietary network and research, earned over an exceptionally long and successful market tenure. The majority of investments in the Fund are expected to be generated from primary market sources and will also include opportunistic secondary purchases. The Investment Adviser’s investment professionals have long-term relationships with a wide range of deal sources including industry-focused bankers, restructuring professionals, bankruptcy attorneys, senior lenders, high yield bond specialists, trading desks (both regional and money center), research analysts, liquidators, accounting firms, fund management teams, board members of former portfolio companies, former colleagues at other high-quality investment firms and other operating professionals to facilitate deal flow. The Investment Adviser also expects to leverage the significant BlackRock organizational
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resources at its disposal by communicating with members of BlackRock’s global credit platform, including investment-grade credit analysts, sub-investment grade credit analysts, real estate (both equity and debt) and private equity teams and with professionals in risk and quantitative analysis. Furthermore, the Investment Adviser is supported by the BlackRock Capital Markets group, a dedicated capital markets team responsible for sourcing private and illiquid investment opportunities across the BlackRock Alternatives platform. The BlackRock Capital Markets group provides global, comprehensive sourcing coverage by geography, asset class and transaction type and further supplements the Investment Adviser’s deal sourcing by maintaining close relationships across multiple sourcing channels.
Given both its tenure in the direct lending market as well as its scope as one of the largest investment managers in the world, BlackRock is often the first call for new deal opportunities in its core middle-market segment. In addition, BlackRock has relationships with numerous other credit investors, including insurance companies, credit funds, multi-strategy private equity funds, hedge funds and other comparable alternative funds that invest in assets similar to those targeted by the Fund.
In addition to drawing upon experience from its considerable resources, BlackRock regularly calls on both active and recently retired senior-level executives from relevant industries to assist with due diligence for potential investments. Historically, these relationships with retired senior executives have also been a valuable source of transactions and critical information. BlackRock’s relationships with its portfolio companies across the entirety of its credit franchise also facilitate positive word-of-mouth recommendations to other companies seeking BlackRock’s expertise and capital. The Firm’s relationship network provides it with the ability to access investment opportunities that competitors may miss or, in competitive circumstances, allows it to engage at an earlier stage in the process.
Due Diligence
The foundation of BlackRock’s investment process is intensive investment research and analysis by the Firm’s experienced investment professionals. A majority of the Investment Adviser’s leadership team has worked together for more than 12 years at BlackRock including their predecessor firm TCP; collectively, they possess a level of direct lending investing experience that is difficult to replicate. In addition to the abundant internal relationships and resources available through BlackRock’s global platform, its in-house knowledge is supplemented with industry experts with direct senior-level management experience in the sectors it targets. The process of rigorously and comprehensively analyzing issuers of securities or loans includes a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the company’s business, an evaluation of its management, business strategy, industry trends, and an in-depth examination of the company’s capital structure, financial results and projections. BlackRock’s due diligence process includes:
An analysis of the fundamental asset values and enterprise value;
Review of key assets, core competencies, competitive advantages, historical and projected financial statements, capital structure, financial flexibility, debt amortization requirements, environmental, social and governance considerations, and tax, legal and regulatory contingencies;
An assessment of the outlook for the industry and general macroeconomic trends;
Discussions with management, as well as other industry executives, including an assessment of management/board strengths and weaknesses;
Review of the issuer’s credit or other related documents, including those governing the issuer such as charter, by-laws and key contracts; and
Analysis of portfolio risks from a top-down and bottom-up perspective.
Investment Committee and Decision-Making
BlackRock’s transaction evaluation is organized around a centralized investment committee that provides for a consistent, repeatable decision-making process. BlackRock’s investment committee for the Fund’s portfolio (the “Investment Committee”) includes all investment professionals of the Investment Adviser and key senior-level constituents from other functional groups including BlackRock’s Risk and Qualitative Analysis (“RQA”) group. The voting members of the Investment Committee (the “Voting Members”) will be drawn from a pool of the Investment Adviser’s senior professionals. There will initially be five permanent Voting Members. The Investment Committee generally meets weekly (or more frequently, if determined necessary) and all key professionals are invited and encouraged to attend. Transactions are brought before the Investment Committee and presented by the industry-led
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deal teams and accompanied by detailed investment memoranda distributed for review in advance of each meeting. Buy/sell recommendations are debated vigorously and all members of the Investment Committee are encouraged to contribute to the discussion. No Voting Member of the Investment Committee holds a veto.
Often, investment opportunities are discussed at multiple meetings as the deal team responds to input provided by the Investment Committee throughout the process. Additionally, the investment policy committee generally meets weekly to review new investment opportunities scheduled for broader-firm discussion. The investment policy committee’s purpose is to screen each new opportunity to ensure efficient use of Firm resources and focus deal teams on what it views as the most appropriate potential transactions.
Portfolio Management
BlackRock closely monitors each investment, as it believes that careful and consistent monitoring of financial performance and market developments is critical to successful investment management. This monitoring is designed to enable BlackRock to respond in a timely and efficient manner to individual company, industry or broader market movements. In addition, BlackRock constructs its direct lending portfolios in a highly-diversified manner by both borrower and industry in an effort to mitigate the drag of any potential credit losses. Accordingly, BlackRock uses an established process that includes the following:
Weekly (sometimes daily) monitoring by industry-led deal team members that executed the initial purchase;
Regular and repeated dialogue with investment constituents including company management, industry experts, co-investment partners (if applicable) and senior-level resources throughout the BlackRock platform;
Internal meetings, as needed, to highlight material investment developments or trends;
A weekly review by the Investment Committee of activity related to existing portfolio investments that may require broader feedback and decision-making;
A quarterly portfolio review process that includes a more detailed discussion (with all key investment professionals invited to attend) of each portfolio company meeting certain minimum materiality thresholds to review performance and outlook relative to the original investment thesis; and
Attendance by industry-focused investment professionals at industry conferences and seminars, and regular meetings with comparable company management contacts.
Culture of Risk Management
BlackRock has a strong risk management orientation. The investment professionals use the Firm’s independent RQA group to aid the day to day portfolio management activities.
RQA leads BlackRock’s portfolio risk analytics by providing independent top-down and bottom-up oversight. RQA partners with BlackRock’s investment professionals to help ensure that risks in the portfolio are consistent across each strategy, with the team’s current investment themes, and with each client’s formal risk constraints. Members of RQA have specialized knowledge of each type of portfolio that BlackRock manages. RQA seeks to identify and properly measure key risks for each portfolio type.
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A private credit risk management team of 7+ specialized professionals engages throughout the investment process. Early involvement with the investment team facilitates identification of risks and effective, constructive challenge. Additionally, the RQA team has full access to the investment teams’ diligence to provide an unbiased view from the same set of information. The private credit risk team is further supported by the broader RQA platform outlined below.
Realizations
BlackRock anticipates that the returns it will generate for the Fund will be primarily from interest income from cash-pay credit investments in the portfolio with the remainder generated by capital gains. In addition to regular payments of principal and interest on its credit investments, there are several means by which the Fund will monetize investments, including:
Refinancing and/or repayment by the issuer/borrower;
Change of control transaction involving the company leading to a refinancing;
Exchanges of existing instruments for new securities that are subsequently sold; and
Public offering of securities that create a liquidity event.
Considerations of Environmental, Social and Governance
BlackRock approaches sustainable investing by focusing on:
Insights: Developing the clearest possible picture of how Environmental, Social and Governance (“ESG”) issues affect risk and long-term return
Integration: Integrating sustainability-related insights and data into BlackRock’s investment processes across asset classes and investment styles
Stewardship: Engaging companies in index and alpha-seeking portfolios alike on sustainability-related issues that impact long-term performance
1.
Insights: Developing the clearest possible picture of how ESG issues impact long term return: BlackRock begins from the view that, to be effective investors, the Firm must deeply understand the ways in which ESG issues do and do not affect long-term return. A growing body of investment research and market practice demonstrates that companies which effectively manage material sustainability risks and opportunities outperform their counterparts over time. Still, significant questions remain about causation, timeframe and the availability and consistency of sustainability-related data. BlackRock aims to contribute to evolving research and market practice to help address these questions.
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BlackRock is leveraging the scale of its investment platform, proprietary technology and direct, private engagement with companies through its investment stewardship activities to create sophisticated approaches to measuring and assessing sustainability-related risks and opportunities. BlackRock’s Sustainable Investing team analyzes sustainability-related data, examines questions about causation and performance, and generates insights for portfolios firm-wide. The Sustainable Investment team develops proprietary views on materiality of specific sustainability-related topics by leveraging external data as well as proprietary research, and delivers insights to clients via thematic research publications, custom analytics and advisory solutions and innovative product development.
2.
Integration: Integrating sustainability-related insights and data into BlackRock’s investment processes: BlackRock provides its investment teams with data and insights to keep them well informed of sustainability considerations. By enhancing access to information on these risks and opportunities across its diverse platform, BlackRock improves the total mix of information it considers when making active investment decisions and ensures it accounts for long-term risks. BlackRock’s Aladdin technology allows portfolio managers to efficiently access issuer-level ESG information during investment analysis and portfolio construction. Aladdin portfolio-level ESG and carbon metrics enable investment professionals to measure ESG risk and performance against benchmarks.
BlackRock has launched a firm-wide effort to deepen the integration of sustainability-related insights and data into investment processes globally. BlackRock is building tools that allow its portfolio managers to analyze relevant sustainability information alongside the traditional financial metrics they consider when making active investment decisions. As new data sources and sustainability-related insights are uncovered, this information will be further integrated into BlackRock’s tools and processes. This effort will allow BlackRock to use sustainability information in the same way traditional alpha and risk signals are considered in BlackRock’s alpha-seeking strategies – as another essential input to BlackRock’s decision-making. BlackRock’s investment stewardship efforts benefits from firm-wide data and insights on sustainability-related issues, and its investment teams benefit from the sustainability insights derived from BlackRock’s stewardship activities – a powerful, positive feedback loop.
3.
Stewardship: Engaging companies on sustainability-related issues: BlackRock believes that companies with sound corporate governance practices, including how they manage the environmental and social aspects of their operations, better mitigate risk over the long term and offer better risk-adjusted returns. BlackRock engages with companies held in index and alpha-seeking portfolios alike to encourage them to adopt the robust business practices consistent with sustainable long-term performance.
BlackRock’s investment stewardship efforts, including its direct engagement and voting activities, aim to ensure companies deliver long-term, sustainable growth and returns for clients. As a large investor, BlackRock is able – and feels a responsibility – to monitor the companies in which it invests and to engage with them constructively and privately where BlackRock believes that would help protect clients’ interests. As a fiduciary investor, BlackRock evaluates how companies manage the material sustainability-related risks and opportunities within their businesses. Engagement helps build mutual understanding on any issues where BlackRock is concerned that a company’s practices fall short of operational excellence. It also helps BlackRock assess a company’s approach to governance in the context of its specific circumstances.
Engagement is not one conversation. BlackRock has ongoing private dialogue with companies to explain its views and how it evaluates their actions on relevant ESG issues over time. Where BlackRock has concerns that are not addressed by these conversations, the Firm stands ready to vote against proposals from management or the board. Last year, BlackRock’s stewardship program engaged with about 1,500 companies to discuss their governance practices and the sustainability of their business model. BlackRock has committed to double the size of the investment stewardship team over the next three years, which will enable BlackRock to significantly increase its engagement activities and foster more effective engagement by building a framework for deeper, more frequent and more productive conversations.
In addition to “Insights,” “Integration” and “Stewardship,” which are part of the investment process for the Fund, BlackRock offers products designed to provide sustainable investment solutions that empower clients to achieve their financial objectives. While providing sustainable investment solutions is not the focus of the Fund, BlackRock currently manages a broad suite of investment solutions on behalf of its clients, in which sustainability themes are central to mitigating risk and enhancing long-term returns. Some of these products are
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also used by clients to align their financial investments with their values by removing exposure to specific investments, or by generating positive social outcomes alongside market rates of return. BlackRock products range from green bonds and renewable infrastructure to thematic strategies that allow clients to align their capital with the UN Sustainable Development Goals. BlackRock is the largest provider of sustainable ETFs, including the industry’s largest low-carbon ETF; BlackRock manages one of the largest renewable power funds globally, and it is the first asset manager to offer portfolio-level impact reporting for a co-mingled green bond product. With deep expertise in alpha-seeking and index strategies, across both public equity and debt, private renewable power, commodities and real asset strategies, BlackRock is continuing to build scalable products and customized solutions across asset classes.
BlackRock clients increasingly look to BlackRock to not only deliver innovative sustainable investment products, but also to provide a total portfolio assessment of exposure to sustainability-related risks. By combining proprietary data and insights with the power of Aladdin, BlackRock can deliver world-class sustainability analytics, providing clients with an understanding of how sustainability issues affect the risk and long-term return of their investments. Once clients understand their exposure to sustainability issues, they can set targets to improve their portfolio’s positioning. BlackRock offers a wide range of solutions that help its clients take a total-portfolio approach to sustainable investing.
Competition
We will compete for investments with other BDCs and investment funds (including private equity funds, mezzanine funds, performing and other credit funds, and funds that invest in CLOs, structured notes, derivatives and other types of collateralized securities and structured products), as well as traditional financial services companies such as commercial banks and other sources of funding. Moreover, alternative investment vehicles, such as hedge funds, have begun to invest in areas in which they have not traditionally invested, including making investments in mid-sized private U.S. companies. As a result of these new entrants, competition for investment opportunities in middle market private U.S. companies may intensify. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than we have. These characteristics could allow our competitors to consider a wider variety of investments, establish more relationships and offer better pricing and more flexible structuring than we are able to do. We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors’ pricing, terms or structure. If we are forced to match our competitors’ pricing, terms or structure, we may not be able to achieve acceptable returns on our investments or may bear substantial risk of capital loss. A significant part of our competitive advantage stems from the fact that the market for investments in middle market private U.S. companies is underserved by traditional commercial banks and other financial sources. A significant increase in the number and/or the size of our competitors in this target market could force us to accept less attractive investment terms. Furthermore, many of our competitors have greater experience operating under, or are not subject to, the regulatory restrictions that the 1940 Act imposes on us as a BDC.
Non-Exchange Traded, Perpetual-Life BDC
The Fund is non-exchange traded, meaning its shares are not listed for trading on a stock exchange or other securities market and a perpetual-life BDC, meaning it is an investment vehicle of indefinite duration, whose common shares are intended to be sold by the BDC monthly on a continuous basis at a price generally equal to the BDC’s monthly NAV per share. In our perpetual-life structure, we may offer investors an opportunity to repurchase their shares on a quarterly basis, but we are not obligated to offer to repurchase any in any particular quarter in our discretion. We believe that our perpetual nature enables us to execute a patient and opportunistic strategy and be able to invest across different market environments. This may reduce the risk of the Fund being a forced seller of assets in market downturns compared to non-perpetual funds. While we may consider a liquidity event at any time in the future, we currently do not intend to undertake a liquidity event, and we are not obligated by our Declaration of Trust or otherwise to effect a liquidity event at any time.
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Emerging Growth Company
We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the “JOBS Act.” As an emerging growth company, we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting and disclosure requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not emerging growth companies. For so long as we remain an emerging growth company, we will not be required to:
have an auditor attestation report on our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;
submit certain executive compensation matters to shareholder advisory votes pursuant to the “say on frequency” and “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding shareholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010; or
disclose certain executive compensation related items, such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the chief executive officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.
In addition, the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company may take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies. This means that an emerging growth company can delay adopting certain accounting standards until such standards are otherwise applicable to private companies.
We will remain an emerging growth company for up to five years, or until the earliest of: (1) the last date of the fiscal year during which we had total annual gross revenues of $1 billion or more; (2) the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (3) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” as defined under Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act.
We do not believe that being an emerging growth company will have a significant impact on our business or this offering. As stated above, we have elected to opt in to the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards available to emerging growth companies. Also, because we are not a large accelerated filer or an accelerated filer under Section 12b-2 of the Exchange Act, and will not be for so long as our Common Shares are not traded on a securities exchange, we will not be subject to auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act even once we are no longer an emerging growth company. In addition, so long as we are externally managed by the Investment Adviser and we do not directly compensate our executive officers, or reimburse the Investment Adviser or its affiliates for the salaries, bonuses, benefits and severance payments for persons who also serve as one of our executive officers or as an executive officer of the Investment Adviser, we do not expect to include disclosures relating to executive compensation in our periodic reports or proxy statements and, as a result, do not expect to be required to seek shareholder approval of executive compensation and golden parachute compensation arrangements pursuant to Section 14A(a) and (b) of the Exchange Act.
Employees
We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for our business are provided by individuals who are employees of the Advisers or its affiliates pursuant to the terms of the Advisory Agreement and the Administrator or its affiliates pursuant to the Administration Agreement. Each of our executive officers described under “Management of the Fund” is employed by the Advisers or its affiliates. Our day-to-day investment operations will be managed by the Advisers. The services necessary for the sourcing and administration of our investment portfolio will be provided by investment professionals employed by the Advisers or their affiliates. The investment team will focus on origination, non-originated investments and transaction development and the ongoing monitoring of our investments. In addition, we will reimburse the Administrator for its costs, expenses and allocable portion of overhead, including compensation paid by the Administrator (or its affiliates) to the Fund’s chief compliance officer and chief financial officer and their respective staffs as well as other administrative personnel (based on the percentage of time such individuals devote, on an estimated basis, to the business and affairs of the Fund).
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Regulation
The Fund has filed an election to be regulated as a BDC under the 1940 Act. The 1940 Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to transactions between BDCs and their affiliates (including any investment advisors or co-advisors), principal underwriters and affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters and requires that a majority of the directors be persons other than “interested persons,” as that term is defined in the 1940 Act. In addition, the 1940 Act provides that the Fund may not change the nature of the Fund’s business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw the Fund’s election as, a BDC unless approved by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities, which is defined in the 1940 Act as the lesser of a majority of the outstanding voting securities or 67% or more of the securities voting if a quorum of a majority of the outstanding voting securities is present.
The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in securities acquired directly from issuers in privately negotiated transactions. With respect to such securities, the Fund may, for the purpose of public resale, be deemed an “underwriter” as that term is defined in the Securities Act.
The Fund may acquire securities issued by other investment companies in accordance with the limits of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The Fund generally may acquire up to 3% of the voting stock of any investment company, may invest in up to 5% of the value of its total assets in the securities of one investment company and may invest up to 10% of the value of its total assets in the securities of more than one investment company. Subject to certain exemptive rules, including, when it becomes effective, Rule 12d1-4, which was recently adopted by the SEC, the Fund may, subject to certain conditions, invest in other investment companies in excess of such thresholds. With regard to that portion of the Fund’s portfolio invested in securities issued by investment companies, it should be noted that such investments might indirectly subject shareholders to additional expenses as they will indirectly be responsible for the costs and expenses of such companies. None of the Fund’s investment policies are fundamental and any may be changed without stockholder approval.
Exemptive Order. The Investment Adviser and the Fund believe that, in certain circumstances, it may be in the Fund’s best interests to be able to co-invest with registered funds, unregistered funds and business development companies managed now or in the future by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates in order to be able to participate in a wider range of transactions. Currently, SEC regulations and interpretations would permit the Fund to co-invest with registered and unregistered funds that are affiliated with the Investment Adviser in publicly traded securities and also in private placements where (i) the Investment Adviser negotiates only the price, interest rate and similar price-related terms of the securities and not matters such as covenants, collateral or management rights and (ii) each relevant account acquires and sells the securities at the same time in pro rata amounts (subject to exceptions approved by compliance personnel after considering the reasons for the requested exception). Such regulations and interpretations also permit the Fund to co-invest in other private placements with registered investment funds affiliated with the Investment Adviser in certain circumstances, some of which would require certain findings by the Fund’s directors who are not “interested persons” of the Investment Adviser, BlackRock or their respective affiliates as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (“Independent Trustees”) and the independent directors of each other eligible registered fund. However, current SEC regulations and interpretations would not permit co-investment by the Fund with unregistered funds affiliated with the Investment Adviser in private placements where the Investment Adviser negotiates non-pricing terms such as covenants, collateral and management rights. Accordingly, under current SEC regulations, in the absence of an exemption the Fund may be prohibited from co-investing in certain private placements with any unregistered fund or account managed now or in the future by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates.
The Investment Adviser and various funds managed by the Investment Adviser have received an exemption from such regulations. Under the SEC order granting such exemption, each time the Investment Adviser proposes that an unregistered fund, business development company or registered fund acquire private placement securities that are suitable for the Fund, the Investment Adviser will prepare a recommendation as to the proportion to be allocated to the Fund taking into account a variety of factors such as the investment objectives, size of transaction, investable assets, alternative investments potentially available, prior allocations, liquidity, maturity, expected holding period, diversification, lender covenants and other limitations. The Fund’s Independent Trustees will review the proposed transaction and may authorize co-investment by the Fund of up to its pro rata amount of such securities based on its total available capital if a majority of them conclude that: (i) the transaction is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies; (ii) the terms of co-investment are fair to the Fund and shareholders and do not involve overreaching; and (iii) participation by the Fund would not disadvantage the Fund or be on a basis different from or less advantageous than that of the participating unregistered accounts and other registered funds. If the Investment
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Adviser determines that the Fund should not participate in the co-investment opportunity that would otherwise be suitable in light of the Fund’s investment objective, this determination must also be submitted to the Independent Trustees for their approval. The directors may also approve a lower amount or determine that the Fund should not invest. The directors may also approve a higher amount to the extent that other accounts managed by the Investment Adviser decline to participate. In addition, private placement follow-on investments and disposition opportunities must be made available in the same manner on a pro rata basis and no co-investment (other than permitted follow-on investments) is permitted where the Fund, on the one hand, or any other account advised by the Investment Adviser or an affiliate, on the other hand, already hold securities of the issuer.
The Investment Adviser and its affiliates may spend substantial time on other business activities, including investment management and advisory activities for entities with the same or overlapping investment objectives, investing for their own account with the Fund, financial advisory services (including services for entities in which the Fund invests), and acting as directors, officers, creditor committee members or in similar capacities. Subject to the requirements of the 1940 Act, the Investment Adviser and its affiliates and associates intend to engage in such activities and may receive compensation from third parties for their services. Subject to the same requirements, such compensation may be payable by entities in which the Fund invests in connection with actual or contemplated investments, and the Investment Adviser may receive fees and other compensation in connection with structuring investments which they will share.
The Investment Adviser and its partners, officers, directors, stockholders, members, managers, employees, affiliates and agents may be subject to certain potential or actual conflicts of interest in connection with the activities of, and investments by, the Fund.
No-Action Relief from Registration as a Commodity Pool Operator. The Fund is relying on a no-action letter (the “No-Action Letter”) issued by the staff of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) as a basis to avoid registration with the CFTC as a commodity pool operator (“CPO”). The No-Action Letter allows an entity to engage in CFTC-regulated transactions (“commodity interest transactions”) that are “bona fide hedging” transactions (as that term is defined and interpreted by the CFTC and its staff), but prohibit an entity from entering into commodity interest transactions if they are non-bona fide hedging transactions, unless immediately after entering such non-bona fide hedging transaction (a) the sum of the amount of initial margin deposits on the entity’s existing futures or swaps positions and option or swaption premiums does not exceed 5% of the market value of the entity’s liquidation value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions, or (b) the aggregate net notional value of the entity’s commodity interest transactions would not exceed 100% of the market value of the entity’s liquidation value, after taking into account unrealized profits and unrealized losses on any such transactions. The Fund is required to operate pursuant to these trading restrictions if it intends to continue to rely on the No-Action Letter as a basis to avoid CPO registration.
Other. The Fund may also be prohibited under the 1940 Act from knowingly participating in certain transactions with the Fund’s affiliates without the prior approval of the Board of Trustees who are not interested persons and, in some cases, prior approval by the SEC.
The Fund is subject to periodic examination by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act.
The Fund is required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect the Fund against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, the Fund is prohibited from protecting any director or officer against any liability to the Fund or shareholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
The Fund and the Investment Adviser are required to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of relevant federal securities laws, review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation, and designate a chief compliance officer to be responsible for administering these policies and procedures.
Qualifying Assets. Under the 1940 Act, a BDC may not acquire any asset other than assets of the type listed in section 55(a) of the 1940 Act, which are referred to as qualifying assets, unless, at the time the acquisition is made, qualifying assets represent at least 70% of the company’s total assets. The principal categories of qualifying assets relevant to the Fund’s proposed business are the following:
Securities purchased in transactions not involving any public offering from the issuer of such securities, which issuer (subject to certain limited exceptions) is an eligible portfolio company, or from any person
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who is, or has been during the preceding 13 months, an affiliated person of an eligible portfolio company, or from any other person, subject to such rules as may be prescribed by the SEC. An eligible portfolio company is defined in the 1940 Act as any issuer which:
is organized under the laws of, and has its principal place of business in, the United States;
is not an investment company (other than a small business investment company wholly owned by the BDC) or a company that would be an investment company but for certain exclusions under the 1940 Act; and
satisfies either of the following:
has a market capitalization of less than $250.0 million or does not have any class of securities listed on a national securities exchange; or
is controlled by a BDC or a group of companies including a BDC, the BDC actually exercises a controlling influence over the management or policies of the eligible portfolio company, and, as a result thereof, the BDC has an affiliated person who is a director of the eligible portfolio company.
Securities of any eligible portfolio company which the Fund controls.
Securities purchased in a private transaction from a U.S. issuer that is not an investment company or from an affiliated person of the issuer, or in transactions incident thereto, if the issuer is in bankruptcy and subject to reorganization or if the issuer, immediately prior to the purchase of its securities was unable to meet its obligations as they came due without material assistance other than conventional lending or financing arrangements.
Securities of an eligible portfolio company purchased from any person in a private transaction if there is no ready market for such securities and the Fund already owns 60% of the outstanding equity of the eligible portfolio company.
Securities received in exchange for or distributed on or with respect to securities described above, or pursuant to the exercise of warrants or rights relating to such securities.
Cash, cash equivalents, U.S. Government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment.
Managerial Assistance to Portfolio Companies. A BDC must have been organized and have its principal place of business in the United States and must be operated for the purpose of making investments in the types of securities described in “Qualifying Assets” above. However, in order to count portfolio securities as qualifying assets for the purpose of the 70% test, the BDC must either control the issuer of the securities or must offer to make available to the issuer of the securities significant managerial assistance. Where the BDC purchases such securities in conjunction with one or more other persons acting together, the BDC will satisfy this test if one of the other persons in the group makes available such managerial assistance, although reliance on other investors may not be the sole method by which the BDC satisfies the requirement to make available managerial assistance. Making available managerial assistance means, among other things, any arrangement whereby the BDC, through its investment manager, directors, officers or employees, offers to provide, and, if accepted, does so provide, significant guidance and counsel concerning the management, operations or business objectives and policies of a portfolio company.
Temporary Investments. Pending investment in other types of Qualifying Assets, as described above, our investments can consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities or high-quality debt securities maturing in one year or less from the time of investment, which are referred to herein, collectively, as temporary investments, so that 70% of our assets would be Qualifying Assets.
Warrants. Under the 1940 Act, a BDC is subject to restrictions on the issuance, terms and amount of warrants, options or rights to purchase shares that it may have outstanding at any time. In particular, the amount of shares that would result from the conversion or exercise of all outstanding warrants, options or rights to purchase shares cannot exceed 25% of the BDC’s total outstanding shares.
Leverage and Senior Securities; Coverage Ratio. Under Section 61(a) of the 1940 Act, a BDC is generally not permitted to issue senior securities unless after giving effect thereto the BDC meets a coverage ratio of total assets, less liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities, to total senior securities, which includes all borrowings of the BDC, of at least 200%. Provided that a BDC meets certain disclosure requirements and obtains
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certain approvals, the asset coverage requirement applicable to such BDC is reduced from 200% to 150%. The reduced asset coverage requirement permits a BDC to have a ratio of total consolidated assets to outstanding indebtedness of 2:1 as compared to a maximum of 1:1 under the 200% asset coverage requirement. On March 16, 2022, our sole shareholder approved the adoption of this 150% threshold pursuant to Section 61(a)(2) of the 1940 Act and such election became effective the following day.
We are permitted, under specified conditions, to issue multiple classes of indebtedness and one class of shares senior to our Common Shares if our asset coverage, as defined in the 1940 Act, would at least equal 150% immediately after each such issuance.
While any senior securities remain outstanding, we will be required to make provisions to prohibit any dividend distribution to our shareholders or the repurchase of such securities or shares unless we meet the applicable asset coverage ratios at the time of the dividend distribution or repurchase. We will also be permitted to borrow amounts up to 5% of the value of our total assets for temporary or emergency purposes, which borrowings would not be considered senior securities.
We intend to establish one or more credit facilities and/or subscription facilities or enter into other financing arrangements to facilitate investments and the timely payment of our expenses. It is anticipated that any such credit facilities will bear interest at floating rates at to be determined spreads over SOFR or another reference benchmark. We cannot assure shareholders that we will be able to enter into a credit facility. Shareholders will indirectly bear the costs associated with any borrowings under a credit facility or otherwise. In connection with a credit facility or other borrowings, lenders may require us to pledge assets, commitments and/or drawdowns (and the ability to enforce the payment thereof) and may ask to comply with positive or negative covenants that could have an effect on our operations. In addition, from time to time, our losses on leveraged investments may result in the liquidation of other investments held by us and may result in additional drawdowns to repay such amounts.
We may also create leverage by securitizing our assets (including in CLOs) and retaining the equity portion of the securitized vehicle. See “Risk Factors—We may form one or more CLOs, which may subject us to certain structured financing risks.” We may also from time to time make secured loans of our marginable securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions.
Brokerage Allocations and Other Practices. Subject to the supervision of the Board of Trustees, decisions to buy and sell securities and bank debt for the Fund and decisions regarding brokerage commission rates are made by the Advisers. Transactions on stock exchanges involve the payment by the Fund of brokerage commissions. In certain instances, the Fund may make purchases of underwritten issues at prices which include underwriting fees.
In selecting a broker to execute each particular transaction, the Advisers will take the following into consideration: the best net price available; the reliability, integrity and financial condition of the broker; the size and difficulty in executing the order, and the value of the expected contribution of the broker to the investment performance of the Fund on a continuing basis. Accordingly, the cost of the brokerage commissions to the Fund in any transaction may be greater than that available from other brokers if the difference is reasonably justified by other aspects of the portfolio execution services offered. The extent to which the Advisers make use of statistical, research and other services furnished by brokers may be considered by the Advisers in the allocation of brokerage business, but there is not a formula by which such business is allocated. The Advisers do so in accordance with its judgment of the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
One or more of the other investment funds or accounts which the Advisers manages may own from time to time some of the same investments as the Fund. When two or more companies or accounts seek to purchase or sell the same securities, the securities actually purchased or sold and any transaction costs will be allocated among the companies and accounts on a good faith equitable basis by the Advisers in its discretion in accordance with the accounts’ various investment objectives, subject to the allocation procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees related to privately placed securities (including an implementation of any co-investment exemptive relief obtained by the Fund and the Investment Adviser). In some cases, this system may adversely affect the price or size of the position obtainable for the Fund. In other cases, however, the ability of the Fund to participate in volume transactions may produce better execution for the Fund. It is the opinion of the Board of Trustees that this advantage, when combined with the other benefits available due to the Advisers’ organization, outweighs any disadvantages that may be said to exist from exposure to simultaneous transactions.
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Code of Ethics. The Fund adopted a code of ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act that establishes procedures for personal investments and restricts certain personal securities transactions. Personnel subject to such code may invest in securities for their personal investment accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Fund, so long as such investments are made in accordance with the code’s requirements. You may read and copy the code of ethics at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. In addition, the code of ethics is attached as an exhibit to this Registration Statement, and is available on the IDEA Database on the SEC’s Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You may also obtain copies of the code of ethics, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures. The Fund has delegated proxy voting responsibility to the Investment Adviser. A summary of the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures of the Investment Adviser are set forth below. The guidelines are reviewed periodically by the Investment Adviser and the Fund’s non-interested directors, and, accordingly, are subject to change.
The Investment Adviser is registered under the Advisers Act and has a fiduciary duty to act solely in the best interests of its clients. As part of this duty, it recognizes that it must vote securities held by its clients in a timely manner free of conflicts of interest. These policies and procedures for voting proxies for investment advisory clients are intended to comply with Section 206 of, and Rule 206(4)-6 under, the Advisers Act.
The Investment Adviser votes proxies relating to the Fund’s portfolio securities in the best interest of shareholders. The Investment Adviser reviews on a case-by-case basis each proposal submitted for a proxy vote to determine its impact on the Fund’s investments. Although it generally votes against proposals that may have a negative impact on the Fund’s investments, it may vote for such a proposal if there are compelling long-term reasons to do so.
The proxy voting decisions of the Investment Adviser are made by the senior officers who are responsible for monitoring each of the Fund’s investments. To ensure that the Fund’s vote is not the product of a conflict of interest, it requires that: (i) anyone involved in the decision making process disclose to the Investment Adviser any potential conflict that he or she is aware of and any contact that he or she has had with any interested party regarding a proxy vote; and (ii) employees involved in the decision making process or vote administration are generally prohibited from revealing how the Fund intends to vote on a proposal in order to reduce any attempted influence from interested parties.
You may obtain information about how the Fund voted proxies by making a written request for proxy voting information to the Fund, 2951 28th Street, Santa Monica, California 90405, Attention: Investor Relations.
Affiliated Transactions. We may be prohibited under the 1940 Act from conducting certain transactions with our affiliates without the prior approval of our Trustees who are not interested persons and, in some cases, the prior approval of the SEC. We have received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits us, among other things, to co-invest with certain other persons, including certain affiliates of the Investment Adviser and certain funds managed and controlled by the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, subject to certain terms and conditions.
Reporting Obligations. Subsequent to the effectiveness of this Registration Statement, the Fund will be required to file annual reports, quarterly reports and current reports with the SEC. This information will be available at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549 and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. Information on the operation of the SEC’s public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090 or (800) SEC-0330.
Other. We will be periodically examined by the SEC for compliance with the 1940 Act, and be subject to the periodic reporting and related requirements of the 1934 Act.
We are also required to provide and maintain a bond issued by a reputable fidelity insurance company to protect against larceny and embezzlement. Furthermore, as a BDC, we are prohibited from protecting any Trustee or officer against any liability to our shareholders arising from willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office.
We are also required to designate a chief compliance officer and to adopt and implement written policies and procedures reasonably designed to prevent violation of the federal securities laws and to review these policies and procedures annually for their adequacy and the effectiveness of their implementation.
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We are not permitted to change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless approved by a majority of our outstanding voting securities. A majority of the outstanding voting securities of a company is defined under the 1940 Act as the lesser of: (i) 67% or more of such company’s shares present at a meeting if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of such company.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 imposes a wide variety of regulatory requirements on publicly-held companies and their insiders. While certain of these requirements are not applicable to the Fund (see “—JOBS Act”), many of these requirements affect the Fund. For example:
Pursuant to Rule 13a-14 of the 1934 Act, the Fund’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer must certify the accuracy of the financial statements contained in the Fund’s periodic reports;
Pursuant to Item 307 of Regulation S-K, the Fund’s periodic reports must disclose the Fund’s conclusions about the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures;
Pursuant to Rule 13a-15 of the 1934 Act, Fund management must prepare a report regarding its assessment of internal control over financial reporting; and
Pursuant to Item 308 of Regulation S-K and Rule 13a-15 of the 1934 Act, the Fund’s periodic reports must disclose whether there were significant changes in internal controls or in other factors that could significantly affect these controls subsequent to the date of their evaluation, including any corrective actions with regard to significant deficiencies and material weaknesses.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires the Fund to review its current policies and procedures to determine whether the Fund complies with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. The Fund will continue to monitor compliance with all regulations that are adopted under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and will take actions necessary to ensure that the Fund is in compliance therewith.
JOBS Act
The Fund currently is and expects to remain an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (the “JOBS Act”), until the earliest of:
The last day of the Fund’s fiscal year in which the fifth anniversary of an initial public offering of shares of common stock occurs;
The end of the fiscal year in which the Fund’s total annual gross revenues first exceed $1.0 billion;
The date on which the Fund has, during the prior three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and
The last day of a fiscal year in which the Fund (1) has an aggregate worldwide market value of Common Shares held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more, computed at the end of each fiscal year as of the last business day of the Fund’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter and (2) has been an Exchange Act reporting company for at least one year (and filed at least one annual report under the Exchange Act).
Under the JOBS Act and the Dodd-Frank Act, the Fund is exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which would require that the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, until such time as the Fund ceases to be an emerging growth company and becomes an accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act. This may increase the risk that material weaknesses or other deficiencies in the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting go undetected.
Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. The Fund has made an irrevocable election not to take advantage of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards. The Fund therefore is subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Board of Trustees
Our business and affairs are managed under the direction of our Board of Trustees. The responsibilities of the Board of Trustees include, among other things, the oversight of our investment activities, the quarterly valuation of our assets, oversight of our financing arrangements and corporate governance activities. Our Board of Trustees consists of five members, three of whom are not “interested persons” of the Fund or of the Advisers as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act and are “independent,” as determined by our Board of Trustees. We refer to these individuals as our Independent Trustees. The Board is divided into three classes. At each annual meeting of shareholders the term of only one class of Trustees expires and only the Trustees in that one class stand for re-election. Trustees standing for election at an annual meeting of shareholders are elected to serve until the third annual meeting of shareholders following their election and when their successors are duly elected and qualify.
Our Board of Trustees elects our executive officers, who serve at the discretion of the Board of Trustees.
Trustees
Information regarding the Board of Trustees is as follows:
Name
Year
of
Birth
Position
Length
of
Time
Served
Principal
Occupation
During Past
5 Years
Number of
Portfolio
Companies
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee(1)
Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee*
Independent Trustees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eric J. Draut
1957
Trustee
and Chair
of the
Audit
Committee
2022
to
present
From 2021 to present, Mr. Draut has been a Director of BlackRock Direct Lending Corp., and from 2011 to present, Mr. Draut has been a Director of BlackRock TCP Capital Corp. In February 2015, Mr. Draut was appointed to the Board of Thrivent Financial for Lutherans, a registered investment adviser and Fortune 500 Company, and is the chair of the Audit and Finance Committee and serves on the Investment Committee of the Board. In February 2015, Mr. Draut was also appointed to the Board of Holy Family Ministries, operator of Holy Family School, where he served as the Interim Chief Executive Officer from 2017 to 2018. From 2008 to 2010 and again from 2014 to 2017, Mr. Draut was Chairman of the Board of Lutheran Social Services of Illinois. From 2012 to 2014, Mr. Draut was Executive Chairman and, in 2017, became chairman emeritus, of the Board of Lutheran Social Services of Illinois.
3 BDCs
consisting
of 3
portfolios
None.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Andrea Petro
1952
Trustee
2022
to
present
From 2020 to present, Ms. Petro has served as a Director of BlackRock TCP Capital Corp. In addition, from 2020 to present, Ms. Petro has served as a
2 BDCs
consisting
of 2
portfolios
None.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Name
Year
of
Birth
Position
Length
of
Time
Served
Principal
Occupation
During Past
5 Years
Number of
Portfolio
Companies
in Fund
Complex
Overseen
by
Trustee(1)
Other
Directorships
Held by
Trustee*
 
 
 
 
Director of Ready Capital Corporation. From June 2018 to February 2020, Ms. Petro served as Managing Director and Group Head of the Specialty Commercial Finance Group of Waterfall Asset Management. Ms. Petro previously worked at Wells Fargo Capital Finance from December 2000 to December 2017 as the Executive Vice President and Group Head of the Lender Finance Division and Supply Chain Finance Division. Ms. Petro currently serves as a member of the MS Finance Advisory Board of the McCombs School of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maureen Usifer
1960
Trustee
2022
to
present
From 2005 to present, Ms. Usifer has been a Director of BlackRock Capital Investment Corp. Ms. Usifer was a member of the Green Mountain Care Board, a regulatory board in Vermont responsible for approving hospital budgets, insurance rates and capital projects, from May 2017 to September 2021.
2 BDCs
consisting
of 2
portfolios
Ms. Usifer currently serves as a Director of Liberty All Star Funds and serves as chair of the audit committee. Ms. Usifer also currently serves as a trustee of St. Michael’s College and a Director for PC Construction.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interested Trustees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
John Perlowski
1964
Trustee
2022
to
present
From 2009 to present, Mr. Perlowski has been a Managing Director of BlackRock, Inc., Head of BlackRock Global Accounting and Product Services Mr. Perlowski has also served as Advisory Director of Family Resource Network (charitable foundation) since 2009.
1 BDC
consisting
of 1
portfolio
None.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rajneesh Vig
1971
Chair of
the Board
of
Trustees
and Chief
Executive
Officer
2022
to
present
From 2021 to present, Mr. Vig has served as the Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the Board of Directors of BlackRock TCP Capital Corp. From 2013 to 2021, Mr. Vig has served as a Director and the Chief Operating Officer of BlackRock TCP Capital Corp.
2 BDCs
consisting
of 2
portfolios
None.
85

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Name
Year
of
Birth
Position
Length
of
Time
Served
Principal
Occupation
During Past
5 Years
Number of
Portfolio
Companies