BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation: Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Financial Statements

The Company’s financial statements for the periods through the Spin-off Date are combined consolidated financial statements. The Company’s financial statements for the period after the Spin-off Date through December 31, 2022 are consolidated financial statements based on the reported results of FTAI Infrastructure Inc. as a standalone company.

The historical results of operations, financial position, and cash flows of FTAI Infrastructure represented in the combined consolidated financial statements may not be indicative of what they would have been had FTAI Infrastructure actually been a separate standalone entity during such periods, nor are they necessarily indicative of our future results of operations, financial position, and cash flows.

Basis of Presentation: Prior to spin-off

The Company’s financial statements for the periods through the Spin-off Date were prepared on a standalone basis as if the operations had been conducted independently from the Former Parent and have been derived from the consolidated financial statements and accounting records of the Former Parent. Accordingly, Former Parent’s net investment in our operations (Net Former Parent investment) was shown in lieu of stockholders’ equity in the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements, which include the historical operations, assets, and liabilities comprising the infrastructure business of FTAI.

Prior to the Spin-off Date, the combined consolidated financial statements include certain assets and liabilities that have historically been held by the Former Parent but are specifically identifiable or otherwise attributable to FTAI Infrastructure. All significant intercompany transactions between Former Parent and FTAI Infrastructure have been included as components of Net

Former Parent investment in the combined consolidated financial statements, as they are to be considered effectively settled upon effectiveness of the spin-off.

The combined consolidated financial statements are presented as if our businesses had been combined for all periods presented. The assets and liabilities in the combined consolidated financial statements have been reflected on a historical cost basis, as immediately prior to the spin-off, all of the assets and liabilities presented are owned by the Former Parent and are being transferred to us at a carry-over basis.

Principles of Combination—FTAI Infrastructure had elected the principles of combined consolidated financial statements as the basis of presentation for the periods through the Spin-off Date due to common ownership and management of the entities, which includes the financial results of the Railroad, Jefferson Terminal, Repauno, Power and Gas, and Sustainability and Energy Transition segments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and Cash Equivalents—The cash and cash equivalents reflected in the financial statements through the Spin-off Date are cash and cash equivalents that were legally held by FTAI Infrastructure during the periods presented in the financial statements and were directly attributed to and used in the operations of FTAI Infrastructure.Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.

Debt and the Corresponding Interest Expense

Debt and the Corresponding Interest Expense—The Debt reflected in the financial statements through the Spin-off Date was debt that was directly attributable to, and legally incurred by, FTAI Infrastructure. The corresponding interest expense presented in the financial statements was derived solely from the Debt directly attributed to FTAI Infrastructure.

Corporate Function and Principles of Consolidation

Corporate Function—For the periods through the Spin-off Date, the combined consolidated financial statements include all revenues and costs directly attributable to FTAI Infrastructure and an allocation of certain expenses. The Former Parent was externally managed by the Manager, which performs the Former Parent’s corporate function, and incurred a variety of expenses including, but not limited to, information technology, accounting, treasury, tax, legal, corporate finance and communications. For purposes of the Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations, an allocation of these expenses was included to reflect our portion of such corporate overhead from the Former Parent. The charges reflected have either been specifically identified or allocated based on an estimate of time spent on FTAI Infrastructure. These allocated costs are recorded in general and administrative, and acquisition and transaction expenses in the Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations. We believe the assumptions regarding allocations of the Former Parent’s Corporate expenses are reasonable. Nevertheless, the allocations may not be indicative of the actual expense that would have been incurred had FTAI Infrastructure operated as an independent, standalone public entity, nor are they indicative of the Company’s future expenses. Actual costs that may have been incurred if FTAI Infrastructure had been a standalone company would depend on a number of factors, including the organizational structure, what functions were outsourced or performed by employees and strategic decisions made in areas such as information technology and infrastructure. The Former Parent funded FTAI Infrastructure’s operating and investing activities as needed. Cash transfers to and from the Former Parent are reflected in the Combined Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as “Net transfers from Former Parent”. Refer to Note 16 for additional discussion on corporate costs allocated from the Former Parent that are included in these combined consolidated financial statements. Subsequent to the Spin-off Date, the Company operated as a standalone company based on actual expenses incurred.

Principles of Consolidation—We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and control over significant operating decisions, as well as variable interest entities in which we are the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. All adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The ownership interest of other investors in consolidated subsidiaries is recorded as non-controlling interest.

We use the equity method of accounting for investments in entities in which we exercise significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Under the equity method, we record our proportionate share of the underlying net income (loss) of these entities as well as the proportionate interest in adjustments to other comprehensive income (loss).

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period, including allocations from the Former Parent during the period prior to the spin-off. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Risks and Uncertainties

Risks and Uncertainties—In the normal course of business, we encounter several significant types of economic risk including credit, market, and capital market risks. Credit risk is the risk of the inability or unwillingness of a lessee, customer, or derivative counterparty to make contractually required payments or to fulfill its other contractual obligations. Market risk reflects the risk of a downturn or volatility in the underlying industry segments in which we operate, which could adversely impact the pricing of the services offered by us or a lessee’s or customer’s ability to make payments. Capital market risk is the risk that we are unable to obtain capital at reasonable rates to fund the growth of our business or to refinance existing debt facilities. We do not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk as all of our leasing and revenue arrangements are denominated in U.S. dollars.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities (“VIE”)—The assessment of whether an entity is a VIE and the determination of whether to consolidate a VIE requires judgment. VIEs are defined as entities in which equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties. A VIE is required to be consolidated by its primary beneficiary, and only by its primary beneficiary, which is defined as the party who has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance and who has the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

Restricted Cash

Restricted Cash—Restricted cash consists of prepaid interest and principal pursuant to the requirements of certain of our debt agreements (see Note 8) and other qualifying construction projects at Jefferson Terminal.

Inventory

Inventory—Commodities inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value on our balance sheet. Commodities are removed from inventory based on the average cost at the time of sale.

Property, Plant and Equipment, Leasing Equipment and Depreciation

Property, Plant and Equipment, Leasing Equipment and Depreciation—Property, plant and equipment and leasing equipment are stated at cost (inclusive of capitalized acquisition costs, where applicable) and depreciated using the straight-line method, over their estimated useful lives, to estimated residual values which are summarized as follows:

Asset	Range of Estimated Useful Lives	Residual Value Estimates
Railcars and locomotives	40 - 50 years from date of manufacture	Scrap value at end of useful life
Track and track related assets	15 - 50 years from date of manufacture	Scrap value at end of useful life
Land, site improvements and rights	N/A	N/A
Bridges and tunnels	15 - 55 years	Scrap value at end of useful life
Buildings and site improvements	20 - 30 years	Scrap value at end of useful life
Railroad equipment	3 - 15 years from date of manufacture	Scrap value at end of useful life
Terminal machinery and equipment	15 - 25 years from date of manufacture	Scrap value at end of useful life
Vehicles	5 - 7 years from date of manufacture	Scrap value at end of useful life
Furniture and fixtures	3 - 6 years from date of purchase	None
Computer hardware and software	3 - 5 years from date of purchase	None
Construction in progress	N/A	N/A

Major improvements and modifications incurred in connection with the acquisition of property, plant and equipment and leasing equipment that are required to get the asset ready for initial service are capitalized and depreciated over the remaining life of the asset. Project costs of major additions and betterments, including capitalizable engineering costs and other costs directly related to the development or construction of project, are capitalized and depreciation commences once it is placed into service. Interest costs directly related to and incurred during the construction period of property, plant and equipment are capitalized. Significant spare parts are depreciated in conjunction with the underlying property, plant and equipment asset when placed in service.

We review our depreciation policies on a regular basis to determine whether changes have taken place that would suggest that a change in our depreciation policies, useful lives of our equipment or the assigned residual values is warranted.

Capitalized Interest

Capitalized Interest—The interest cost associated with major development and construction projects is capitalized and included in the cost of the project. Interest capitalization ceases once a project is substantially complete or no longer undergoing construction activities to prepare it for its intended use.

Repairs and Maintenance

Repairs and Maintenance—Repair and maintenance costs that do not extend the lives of the assets are expensed as incurred.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets—We perform a recoverability assessment of each of our long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances, or indicators, indicate that the carrying amount or net book value of an asset may not be recoverable. Indicators may include, but are not limited to, a significant change in market conditions; or the introduction of newer technology. When performing a recoverability assessment, we measure whether the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset exceeds its net book value. The undiscounted cash flows consist of cash flows from terminal services contracts and currently contracted leases, future projected leases, terminal service and freight rail rates, transition costs, and estimated residual or scrap values. In the event that an asset does not meet the recoverability test, the carrying value of the asset will be adjusted to fair value resulting in an impairment charge.

Management develops the assumptions used in the recoverability analysis based on its knowledge of active contracts, current and future expectations of the demand for a particular asset and historical experience, as well as information received from third party industry sources. The factors considered in estimating the undiscounted cash flows are impacted by changes in future periods due to changes in contracted lease rates, terminal service, and freight rail rates, residual values, economic conditions, technology, demand for a particular asset type and other factors.

Goodwill

Goodwill—Goodwill includes the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets associated with the acquisition of Jefferson Terminal, Transtar and FYX. As of December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of goodwill within the Jefferson Terminal, Railroad and Corporate and Other segments was $122.7 million, $132.1 million, and $5.4 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of goodwill within the Jefferson Terminal, Railroad and Corporate and Other segments was $122.7 million, $134.4 million, and $—, respectively.

We review the carrying values of goodwill at least annually to assess impairment since these assets are not amortized. An annual impairment review is conducted as of October 1st of each year. Additionally, we review the carrying value of goodwill whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. The determination of fair value involves significant management judgment.

For an annual goodwill impairment assessment, an optional qualitative analysis may be performed. If the option is not elected or if it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then a goodwill impairment test is performed to identify potential goodwill impairment and measure an impairment loss.

A goodwill impairment assessment compares the fair value of a respective reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. The estimate of fair value of the respective reporting unit is based on the best information available as of the date of assessment, which primarily incorporates certain factors including our assumptions about operating results, business plans, income projections, anticipated future cash flows and market data. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount, a goodwill impairment is recorded to the extent that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value.

As of October 1, 2022, we elected to complete a qualitative impairment assessment of the goodwill related to our Railroad reporting unit and concluded that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the Railroad reporting unit exceeded its carrying value. Therefore, no quantitative impairment evaluation was completed. As part of our assessment, we considered numerous factors, including:

•macroeconomic conditions and their potential impact on reporting unit fair value;

•industry and market conditions;

•cost factors such as increases in raw materials, labor or other costs;

•actual financial performance compared with budget and prior projections; and

•events that may change the composition or carrying value of its net assets.

For our Jefferson Terminal reporting unit, we completed a quantitative analysis. We estimate the fair value of Jefferson Terminal using an income approach, specifically a discounted cash flow analysis. This analysis requires us to make significant assumptions and estimates about the forecasted revenue growth rates, EBITDA margins and discount rates. The estimates and assumptions used consider historical performance if indicative of future performance and are consistent with the assumptions used in determining future profit plans for the reporting units.

In connection with our impairment analysis, although we believe the estimates of fair value are reasonable, the determination of certain valuation inputs is subject to management's judgment. Changes in these inputs, including as a result of events beyond our control, could materially affect the results of the impairment review. If the forecasted cash flows or other key inputs are negatively revised in the future, the estimated fair value of the reporting unit could be adversely impacted, potentially leading to an impairment in the future that could materially affect our operating results. The Jefferson Terminal reporting unit had an estimated fair value that exceeded its carrying value by more than 10% but less than 20% as of October 1, 2022. The Jefferson Terminal reporting unit forecasted revenue is dependent on the ramp up of volumes under current and expected future contracts for storage and throughput of heavy and light crude and refined products, expansion of refined product distribution to Mexico and movements in future oil spreads. At October 1, 2022, approximately 4.3 million barrels of storage was operational with 1.9 million barrels under construction for new contracts that came online in December 2022 and completed our storage development for our main terminal. Our discount rate for our 2022 goodwill impairment analysis was 9.5% and our assumed terminal growth rate was 2.0%. If our strategy changes from planned capacity downward due to an inability to source contracts or expand volumes, the fair value of the reporting unit would be negatively affected, which could lead to an impairment. The expansion of refineries in the Beaumont/Port Arthur area, as well as growing crude oil production in the U.S. and Canada, are expected to result in increased demand for storage on the U.S. Gulf Coast. Although we do not have significant direct exposure to volatility of crude oil prices, changes in crude oil pricing that affect long term refining planned output could impact Jefferson Terminal operations.We expect the Jefferson Terminal reporting unit to continue to generate positive Adjusted EBITDA in future years. In December 2022, our multi-year refined products contract with Exxon Mobil Oil Corporation began. Although certain of our anticipated contracts or expected volumes from existing contracts for Jefferson Terminal have been delayed, we continue to believe our projections are achievable. Further delays in executing anticipated contracts or achieving our projected volumes could adversely affect the fair value of the reporting unit.

Intangibles and amortization

Intangibles and amortization—Intangible assets include the value of existing customer relationships acquired in connection with the acquisition of Jefferson Terminal and Transtar.Customer relationship intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives as the pattern in which the asset’s economic benefits are consumed cannot reliably be determined. Customer relationship intangible assets have useful lives ranging from 5 to 15 years, no estimated residual value, and amortization is recorded as a component of Depreciation and amortization in the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Redeemable Preferred Stock

Redeemable Preferred Stock—We classify the Series A Senior Preferred Stock ("Redeemable Preferred Stock") as temporary equity in the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Balance Sheets due to certain contingent redemption clauses that are at the election of the holders. The carrying value of the Redeemable Preferred Stock is accreted to the redemption value at the earliest redemption date, which has been determined to be August 1, 2030. We use the interest method to accrete to the redemption value.

Infrastructure Revenues

Terminal Services Revenues—Terminal services are provided to customers for the receipt and redelivery of various commodities. These revenues relate to performance obligations that are recognized over time using the right to invoice practical expedient, i.e., invoiced as the services are rendered and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit over the contract term. The Company’s performance of service and right to invoice corresponds with the value delivered to our customers. Revenues are typically invoiced and paid on a monthly basis.

Rail Revenues—Rail revenues generally consist of the following performance obligations: industrial switching, interline services, demurrage and storage. Switching revenues are derived from the performance of switching services, which involve the movement of cars from one point to another within the limits of an individual plant, industrial area, or a rail yard. Switching revenues are recognized as the services are performed, and the services are generally completed on the same day they are initiated.

Interline revenues are derived from transportation services for railcars that originate or terminate at our railroads and involve one or more other carriers. For interline traffic, one railroad typically invoices a customer on behalf of all railroads participating in the route directed by the customer. The invoicing railroad then pays the other railroads its portion of the total amount invoiced on a monthly basis. We record revenue related to interline traffic for transportation service segments provided by carriers along railroads that are not owned or controlled by us on a net basis. Interline revenues are recognized as the transportation

movements occur.

Our ancillary services revenue primarily relates to demurrage and storage services. Demurrage represents charges assessed by railroads for the detention of cars by shippers or receivers of freight beyond a specified free time and is recognized on a per day basis. Storage services revenue is earned for the provision of storage of shippers’ railcars and is generally recognized on a per day, per car basis, as the storage services are provided.

Lease Income—Lease income consists of rental income from tenants for storage space. Lease income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the relevant lease agreement.

Roadside Services Revenues—Roadside services revenue is revenue related to providing roadside assistance services to customers in the intermodal and over-the-road trucking industries. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by completing a repair service at a point in time. Revenues are typically invoiced for each repair and generally have 30-day payment terms.

Other Revenue—Other revenue primarily consists of revenue related to the handling, storage and sale of raw materials. Revenues for the handling and storage of raw materials relate to performance obligations that are recognized over time using the right to invoice practical expedient, i.e., invoiced as the services are rendered and the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefit over the contract term. Our performance of service and right to invoice corresponds with the value delivered to our customers. Revenues for the sale of raw materials relate to contracts that contain performance obligations to deliver the product over the term of the contract. The revenues are recognized when the control of the product is transferred to the customer, based on the volume delivered and the price within the contract. Other revenues are typically invoiced and paid on a monthly basis.

Additionally, other revenue includes revenue related to derivative trading activities. See Commodity Derivatives below for additional information.

Payment terms for revenues are generally short term in nature.

Leasing Arrangements

Leasing Arrangements—At contract inception, we evaluate whether an arrangement is or contains a lease for which we are the lessee (that is, arrangements which provide us with the right to control a physical asset for a period of time). Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities are recognized in Operating lease right-of-use assets, net and Operating lease liabilities within current and non-current liabilities in our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. Finance lease ROU assets are recognized in Property, plant and equipment, net and lease liabilities are recognized in Other current liabilities and Other liabilities in our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Balance Sheets.

All lease liabilities are measured at the present value of the unpaid lease payments, discounted using our incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at commencement date of the lease. ROU assets, for both operating and finance leases, are initially measured based on the lease liability, adjusted for prepaid rent and lease incentives. ROU assets are subsequently measured at the carrying amount of the lease liability adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments and lease incentives. The finance lease ROU assets are subsequently amortized using the straight-line method.

Operating lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. With respect to finance leases, amortization of the ROU asset is presented separately from interest expense related to the finance lease liability. Variable lease payments, which are primarily based on usage, are recognized when the associated activity occurs.

We have elected to combine lease and non-lease components for all lease contracts where we are the lessee. Additionally, for arrangements with lease terms of 12 months or less, we do not recognize ROU assets, and lease liabilities and lease payments are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term with variable lease payments recognized in the period in which the obligation is incurred.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Concentration of Credit Risk—We are subject to concentrations of credit risk with respect to amounts due from customers. We attempt to limit our credit risk by performing ongoing credit evaluations. We earned approximately 10%, 15% and 40% of our consolidated revenue from one customer in the Jefferson Terminal segment during the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 51% and 45% from one customer in the Railroad segment during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

As of December 31, 2022, accounts receivable from three customers from the Jefferson Terminal and Railroad segments represented 55% of total accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2021, accounts receivable from two customers in the Jefferson Terminal and Railroad segments represented 48% of total accounts receivable, net.

We maintain cash and restricted cash balances, which generally exceed federally insured limits, and subject us to credit risk, in high credit quality financial institutions. We monitor the financial condition of these institutions and have not experienced any losses associated with these accounts.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts—We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts based on our assessment of the collectability of our receivables on a customer-by-customer basis. We also consider current and future economic conditions over the expected lives of the receivables, the amount of receivables in dispute, and the current receivables aging.

Acquisition and Transaction expenses

Acquisition and Transaction expenses—Acquisition and transaction expense is comprised of costs related to business combinations, dispositions and terminated deal costs related to asset acquisitions, including advisory, legal, accounting, valuation and other professional or consulting fees.

Comprehensive Loss

Comprehensive Loss—Comprehensive loss is defined as the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances, excluding those resulting from investments by and distributions to owners. Our comprehensive loss represents net loss, as presented in the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations, adjusted for fair value changes recorded in other comprehensive income related to cash flow hedges of our equity method investees and pension and other employee benefit accounts.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Financial Instruments

Electricity Derivatives—Our equity method investee, Long Ridge, enters into derivative contracts as part of a risk management program to mitigate price risk associated with certain electricity price exposures. Long Ridge primarily uses swap derivative contracts, which are agreements to buy or sell a quantity of electricity at a predetermined future date and at a predetermined price.

Cash Flow Hedges

Certain of these derivative instruments are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. Our share of the derivative's gain or loss is reported as Other comprehensive loss related to equity method investees in our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss and recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Balance Sheets. The change in our equity method investment balance related to derivative gains or losses on cash flow hedges is disclosed as a Non-cash change in equity method investment in our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments

Certain of these derivative instruments are not designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Our share of the change in fair value of these contracts is recognized in Equity in losses of unconsolidated entities in the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations. The cash flow impact of derivative contracts that are not designated as hedging instruments is recognized in Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities in our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

We record all derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis at fair value, which are included in Other current assets and Other current liabilities, respectively, in our Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Income Taxes

Income Taxes—Prior to the spin-off, we were taxed as a disregarded entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes and our taxable income or loss generated was allocated to investors by our Former Parent, which was treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In addition, certain of our subsidiaries were taxed as separate corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The income tax provision included in the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements prior to the spin-off was prepared on a separate return method. Post spin-off, FTAI Infrastructure’s tax structure, certain return elections and assertions are different, including a single consolidated federal tax filing in the U.S., and therefore the income taxes presented prior to the spin-off in the consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements are not expected to be indicative of the Company’s future income taxes.

We account for these taxes using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. A valuation allowance is established when management believes it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

Some of our entities file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various state jurisdictions and in certain foreign jurisdictions. The income tax returns filed by us and our subsidiaries are subject to examination by the U.S. federal, state and foreign tax authorities. We recognize tax benefits for uncertain tax positions only if it is more likely than not that the position is sustainable based on its technical merits. Interest and penalties on uncertain tax positions are included as a component of the provision for income taxes in the Consolidated and Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits— We have obligations for a pension and a postretirement benefit plan in connection with the acquisition of Transtar for certain eligible Transtar employees. The pension and other postretirement obligations and the related net periodic costs are based on, among other things, assumptions regarding the discount rate, salary increases, the projected mortality of participants and the current level and future escalation of health care costs. Actuarial gains and losses occur when actual experience differs from any of the many assumptions used to value the benefit plans, or when assumptions change. We will recognize into income on an annual basis a portion of unrecognized actuarial net gains or losses that exceed 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligations or the market-related value of plan assets (the corridor). This excess is amortized over the average remaining service period of active employees expected to receive benefits under the plan.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Recent Accounting Pronouncements—In July 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-05, Leases (Topic 842): Lessors—Certain Leases with Variable Lease Payments. This ASU requires lessors to classify and account for a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on a reference index or a rate as an operating lease if (i) the lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease under Topic 842 and (ii) the lessor would have otherwise recognized a day-one loss. This standard is effective for all reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021. We adopted this guidance in the first quarter of 2022, and it did not have a material impact on our consolidated and combined consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measurements and disclosures require the use of valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows:

•Level 1: Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities or market corroborated inputs.

•Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data and which require us to develop our own assumptions about how market participants price the asset or liability.

The valuation techniques that may be used to measure fair value are as follows:

•Market approach—Uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.

•Income approach—Uses valuation techniques to convert future amounts to a single present amount based on current market expectations about those future amounts.

•Cost approach—Based on the amount that currently would be required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).