424B4 1 form424b4.htm

 

PROSPECTUS

 

Filed pursuant to Rule 424 (b)(4)

Registration No. 333-265730

 

 

WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc.

 

1,600,000 Ordinary Shares

 

This is the initial public offering (the “Offering”) of WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc., a British Virgin Islands company limited by shares, whose principal place of business is in Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region (“HK SAR”). We are offering, on a firm commitment basis, 1,600,000 ordinary shares, no par value (the “Ordinary Shares”).

 

No public market currently exists for our Ordinary Shares. We have applied and received approval for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “WLGS” of the Ordinary Shares we are offering. The initial public offering price (the “Offering Price”) is $5.00 per Ordinary Share. We currently meet the Nasdaq Capital Market’s quantitative listing requirements and believe that upon the completion of the Offering, we will meet the standards for listing on the Nasdaq Capital Market. We will not consummate and close this Offering without a listing approval letter from the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

We are, and will be, a “controlled company” as defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules as long as our majority shareholder and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman and his affiliates own and hold more than 50% of our outstanding Ordinary Shares. For so long as we are a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including:

 

  an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors;

 

  an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by independent directors; and

 

  an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be selected or recommended solely by independent directors.

 

As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors upon closing of the Offering.

 

We were incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on May 20, 2021, as a holding company of our business, which is primarily operated through our indirectly wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED. WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. is not a Chinese or Hong Kong operating company but a British Virgin Islands (“BVI”) holding company with operations conducted by our subsidiary in Hong Kong. You are investing in Ordinary Shares of WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc., the BVI holding company.

 

As of the date hereof, we are authorized to issue an unlimited number of ordinary shares of a single class with no par value, and we have 13,400,000 Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. Upon completion of the Offering, we will be a “controlled company” as defined under the Nasdaq Rule 5615(c) and IM-5615-5 because more than 50% of the voting power for the election of directors is held by an individual, a group or another company.

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Act of 2012, as amended, and, as such, are eligible for to reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our ordinary shares involves risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 19.

 

   

Per

Share

    Total  
Public offering price   $ 5.00       8,000,000  
Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by us(1)   $ 0.35       560,000  
Proceeds, before expenses, to us(1)(2)   $ 4.65       7,440,000  

 

(1) We will pay the Underwriter seven percent (7%) of the gross proceeds of this Offering. In addition to the cash commission, we will also reimburse the Underwriter for its non-accountable expenses of one percent (1%) of the gross proceeds of the Offering and accountable out-of-pocket expenses not to exceed $108,000. See “Underwriting” in this prospectus for more information regarding our arrangements with the Underwriter.
(2) The total estimated expenses related to this Offering are set forth in the section entitled “Fees, Commission and Expense Reimbursement.”

 

 
 

 

We expect our total cash expenses payable to our underwriter, Boustead Securities, LLC (the “Underwriter”), for its reasonable non-accountable expenses and accountable expenses referenced above, exclusive of the above commissions to be $188,000. We estimate that the total expenses of this Offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and accounting expenses, but excluding the underwriting fees and commissions and Underwriter’s non-accountable and accountable expenses, will be approximately $1,240,199.

 

The Underwriter expects to deliver the Ordinary Shares to purchasers in the Offering on or about April 20, 2023.

 

Neither us nor any of our subsidiaries is required to obtain permission from the government of the People’s Republic of China to list our shares on the Nasdaq Capital Market.

 

Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Severe and Lawful Crackdown on Illegal Securities Activities, which was available to the public on July 6, 2021. These opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. The PRC government also initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the ability to accept foreign investments and list on an U.S. exchange.

 

The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained during the course of performing duties or providing services or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017.

 

Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, network operators must not, without users’ consent, collect their personal information, and may only collect users’ personal information necessary to provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products and services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and regulations.

 

The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People’s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides main the legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. PRC regulators, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, MIIT, and the Ministry of Public Security have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection.

 

The PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are constantly evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations. In April 2020, the Chinese government promulgated Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services that do or may affect national security.

 

In November 2016, the Standing Committee of China’s National People’s Congress passed China’s first Cybersecurity Law (“CSL”), which became effective in June 2017. The CSL is the first PRC law that systematically lays out the regulatory requirements on cybersecurity and data protection, subjecting many previously under-regulated or unregulated activities in cyberspace to government scrutiny. The legal consequences of violation of the CSL include penalties of warning, confiscation of illegal income, suspension of related business, winding up for rectification, shutting down the websites, and revocation of business license or relevant permits. In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China and certain other PRC regulatory authorities promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective in June 2020. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services that do or may affect national security.

 

On July 10, 2021, the State Internet Information Office issued the Measures of Cybersecurity Review (Revised Draft for Comments, not yet effective), which requires operators with personal information of more than 1 million users who want to list abroad to file a cybersecurity review with the Office of Cybersecurity Review.

 

(ii)

 

 

On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments (“Draft Measures”), which required that, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure,” any “data processor” carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and further elaborated the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country; and (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign governments after listing abroad. The CAC has said that under the proposed rules, companies holding data on more than 1,000,000 users must now apply for cybersecurity approval when seeking listings in other nations because of the risk that such data and personal information could be “affected, controlled, and maliciously exploited by foreign governments,” The cybersecurity review will also investigate the potential national security risks from overseas IPOs. We do not know what regulations will be adopted or how such regulations will affect us and our listing on Nasdaq. In the event that the CAC determines that we are subject to these regulations, we may be subject to fines and penalties. On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the NPC promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which took effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law also sets forth the data security protection obligations for entities and individuals handling personal data, including that no entity or individual may acquire such data by stealing or other illegal means, and the collection and use of such data should not exceed the necessary limits. The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, CSL and any other cybersecurity and related laws may limit the use and adoption of our products and services and could have an adverse impact on our business. Further, if the enacted version of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review mandates clearance of cybersecurity review and other specific actions to be completed by companies like us, we face uncertainties as to whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all.

 

On January 4, 2022, thirteen PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the CAC, the NDRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Finance, MOFCOM, SAMR, China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”), the People’s Bank of China, the National Radio and Television Administration, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and the National Cryptography Administration, jointly adopted and published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021), which became effective on February 15, 2022. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) required that, among others, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure,” any “operator of network platform” holding personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review.

 

We do not expect to be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for this Offering, given that: (i) using our products and services does not require providing users’ personal information; (ii) we possess a minimum amount, if not none of the personal information in our business operations; (iii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities and (iv) our operations are in HK SAR, a Special Autonomous Region apart from mainland PRC.

 

On December 24, 2021, the CSRC released the Administrative Provisions of the State Council Regarding the Overseas Issuance and Listing of Securities by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Administrative Provisions”) and the Measures for the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Listing Record-Filings by Domestic Enterprises (Draft for Comments) (the “Draft Filing Measures”, collectively with the Draft Administrative Provisions, the “Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing”), which stipulate that Chinese-based companies, or the issuer, shall fulfill the filing procedures after the issuer makes an application for initial public offering and listing in an overseas market, and certain overseas offering and listing such as those that constitute a threat to or endanger national security, as reviewed and determined by competent authorities under the State Council in accordance with law, may be prohibited under the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing. On February 17, 2023, with the approval of the State Council, the CSRC released the Trial Administrative Measures of Overseas Securities Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies (the “Trial Measures”) and five supporting guidelines, which will come into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, among other requirements, (1) domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedures with the CSRC; if a domestic company fails to complete the filing procedures, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties; (2) where a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in an overseas market, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity responsible for all filing procedures with the CSRC, and such filings shall be submitted to the CSRC within three business days after the submission of the overseas offering and listing application. On the same day, the CSRC also held a press conference for the release of the Trial Measures and issued the Notice on Administration for the Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which clarifies that (1) on or prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, domestic companies that have already submitted valid applications for overseas offering and listing but have not obtained approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges may reasonably arrange the timing for submitting their filing applications with the CSRC, and must complete the filing before the completion of their overseas offering and listing; (2) a six-month transition period will be granted to domestic companies which, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, have already obtained the approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges, but have not completed the indirect overseas listing; if domestic companies fail to complete the overseas listing within such six-month transition period, they shall file with the CSRC according to the requirements; and (3) the CSRC will solicit opinions from relevant regulatory authorities and complete the filing of the overseas listing of companies with contractual arrangements which duly meet the compliance requirements, and support the development and growth of these companies.

 

Furthermore, on February 24, 2023, the CSRC revised the Provisions on Strengthening the Management of Confidentiality and Archives Related to the Overseas Issuance of Securities and Overseas Listing by Domestic Companies which were issued in 2009, or the Archives Rules. The revised Archives Rules will come into effect on March 31, 2023 together with the Trial Measures. As is consistent with the Trial Measures, the revised Archives Rules will expand their application to cover indirect overseas offering and listing, by stipulating that a domestic company which plans to publicly disclose or provide to relevant individuals or entities, including securities companies, securities service providers and overseas regulators, any documents and materials containing state secrets or working secrets of government agencies, shall first obtain approval from competent authorities according to law, and file with the secrecy administrative department at the same level.

 

The national laws adopted by the PRC are generally not applicable to Hong Kong according to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “Basic Law”). The Basic Law came into effect on July 1, 1997. It is the constitutional document of Hong Kong, which sets out the PRC’s basic policies regarding Hong Kong. The principle of “one country, two systems” is a prominent feature of the Basic Law, which dictates that Hong Kong will retain its unique common law and capitalist system for 50 years after the handover in 1997. Under the principle of “one country, two systems”, Hong Kong’s legal system, which is different from that of the PRC, is based on common law, supplemented by statutes.

 

According to Article 18 of the Basic Law, national laws adopted by the PRC shall not be applied in Hong Kong, except for those listed in Annex III to the Basic Law, such as the laws in relation to the national flag, national anthem, and diplomatic privileges and immunities. Further, there is no legislation stating that the laws in Hong Kong should commensurate with those in the PRC. Despite the foregoing, the legal and operational risks of operating in China also apply to businesses operating in Hong Kong and Macau.

 

However, there remains uncertainty as to how the Draft Measures, the Trial Measures and the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC and CSRC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the Draft Measures the Trial Measures and the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing. If any such new laws, regulations, rules, or implementation and interpretation comes into effect, we will take all reasonable measures and actions to comply and to minimize the adverse effect of such laws on us.

 

We cannot assure you that PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC and the CSRC, would take the same view as we do, and there is no assurance that we can fully or timely comply with such laws. In the event that we are subject to any mandatory cybersecurity review and other specific actions required by the CAC or filing procedures with the CSRC, we face uncertainty as to whether any clearance or other required actions can be timely completed, or at all. Given such uncertainty, we may be further required to suspend our relevant business, shut down our website, or face other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

We believe that we have been in compliance with the data privacy and personal information requirements of the CAC for the abovementioned reasons. Further, we are not a “domestic company” for the purposes of the Trial Measures and the Draft Rules Regarding Overseas Listing . Neither the CAC, the CSRC nor any other PRC regulatory agency or administration has contacted the Company in connection with the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ operations or proposed Offering. The Company is currently not required to obtain regulatory approval from the CAC, CSRC nor any other PRC authorities for its and its subsidiaries’ operations in HK SAR and proposed Offering. Further, the PRC laws or regulations related to data security and CSRC filings are not enforceable in HK SAR.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, our Company and its subsidiaries have not received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding our planned overseas listing from the China Securities Regulatory Commission or any other PRC governmental authorities. For more details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR — We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

 

Although none of our business activities appears to be within the immediate targeted areas of concern by the Chinese government. However, because of our operating subsidiary is in HK SAR and its operations are there and given the Chinese government’s significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business operations in HK SAR, the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and consequently, the value of our Ordinary Shares. The Chinese government could also significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to list on an U.S. or other foreign exchange, and to offer future securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless. Please refer to “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR – The recent spate of government interference by the PRC government into business activities of U.S. listed Chinese companies may negatively impact our operations, value of our securities and/or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer future securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.”

 

Presently, none of the PRC laws and regulations above applies to us because national laws adopted by the PRC are not applicable in HK SAR, except for those listed in Annex III to the Basic Law. Further, there is no legislation stating that the laws in HK SAR should commensurate with those in the PRC. With regard to the potential regulatory actions related to data security and anti-monopoly in HK SAR, please refer to our disclosures in “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR – We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” on page 33. Apart from the foregoing, there is no other impact on our ability to conduct our business as presently conducted, accept foreign investments, or list on a U.S. or foreign exchange.

 

(iii)

 

 

The HFCA Act was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit the company’s shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S.

 

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. A company will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.

 

On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two years.

 

On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions.

 

On December 16, 2021, PCAOB announced the PCAOB HFCA Act determinations (the “PCAOB determinations”) relating to the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China of the PRC or Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region and dependency of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong.

 

Our auditor, WWC P.C., the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess WWC P.C.’s compliance with applicable professional standards. WWC P.C. is headquartered in San Mateo, CA and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, with the last inspection in November 2021. Therefore, we believe that, as of the date of this prospectus, our auditor is not subject to the PCAOB determinations. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR — The recent joint statement by the SEC, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. These developments could add uncertainties to our future offerings, business operations share price and reputation.” on page 36. We cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or other regulatory authorities will apply additional or more stringent criteria to us. Such uncertainty could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to be materially and adversely affected.

 

The recent joint statement by the SEC and PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the “SOP Agreement”), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. The SOP Agreement remains unpublished and is subject to further explanation and implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the SOP Agreement disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have sole discretion to select any audit firms for inspection or investigation and the PCAOB inspectors and investigators shall have a right to see all audit documentation without redaction. According to the PCAOB, its December 2021 determinations under the HFCA Act remain in effect. The PCAOB is required to reassess these determinations by the end of 2022. Under the PCAOB’s rules, a reassessment of a determination under the HFCA Act may result in the PCAOB reaffirming, modifying or vacating the PCACOB determinations. However, if the PCAOB continues to be prohibited from conducting complete inspections and investigations of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, the PCAOB is likely to determine by the end of 2022 that positions taken by authorities in the PRC obstructed its ability to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely, then the companies audited by those registered public accounting firms would be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCA Act.

 

These developments could add uncertainties to our Offering. Despite that we have a U.S. based auditor that is registered with the PCAOB and subject to PCAOB inspection, there are still risks to the Company and investors if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction. Such risks include but not limited to that trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and as a result an exchange may determine to delist our securities.

 

We cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. It remains unclear what the SEC’s implementation process related to the March 2021 interim final amendments will entail or what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange (including a national securities exchange or over-the-counter stock market). In addition, the March 2021 interim final amendments and any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected, trading in our securities may be prohibited and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense and management time.

 

We are headquartered in Hong Kong and not mainland China. We do not use variable interest entities in our corporate structure. We, through our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED, engage in Electrical & Mechanical System (“E&M”), includes low voltage (220v/phase 1 or 380v/phase 3) electrical system (“EL”), mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning system (“MVAC”), fire service system, water supply and sewage disposal system installation and fitting out for the public and private sectors in HK SAR.

 

During the normal courses of our business, cash may be transferred between our companies via wire transfer to and from bank accounts to pay certain business expenses, as loans or capital contribution. Cash is maintained by our operating subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED, in four separate Hong Kong Dollar bank accounts in HK SAR. WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. has two Hong Kong Dollar savings and current bank accounts and two foreign currency savings and current bank accounts in HK SAR. WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc. has no bank account. Because WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. was recently incorporated, there has not been, to date, any transfers, dividends, or distributions between the holding company, WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc., its subsidiaries, or to its investors.

 

As of the current date, none of our companies has not distributed any cash dividends or made any cash distributions. There are no restrictions for the transfer or distribution of cash between the companies. Please refer to the condensed consolidating schedule and the consolidated financial statements on page F-1.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

This prospectus does not constitute, and there will not be, an offering of securities to the public in the British Virgin Islands.

 

Boustead Securities, LLC

 

The date of this prospectus is April 20, 2023.

 

(iv)

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Commonly Used Defined Terms 1
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward Looking Statements 3
Prospectus Summary 8
Risk Factors 19
Use of Proceeds 47
Dividend Policy 47
Exchange Rate Information 48
Capitalization 50
Dilution 51
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 52
Business 68
Management 95
Executive Compensation 99
Related Party transactions 100
Principal Shareholders 101
Description of Ordinary Shares 102
Shares Eligible for Future Sale 115
Material Tax Consequences Applicable to U.S. Holders of Our Ordinary Shares 116
Enforceability of Civil Liabilities 122
Underwriting 123
Expenses Relating to this Offering 127
Legal Matters 127
Experts 127
Interests of Named Experts and Counsel 127
Disclosure of Commission Position on Indemnification 127
Where You Can Find Additional Information 127
Index to Financial Information F-1

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus or in any related free-writing prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, the Ordinary Shares offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted and lawful to do so. The information contained in this prospectus is current only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the ordinary shares.

 

Neither we nor the Underwriter have/has taken any action that would permit a public offering of the Ordinary Shares outside the United States or permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus or any related free-writing prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the Ordinary Shares and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.

 

We obtained the statistical data, market data and other industry data and forecasts described in this prospectus from market research, publicly available information and industry publications. Industry publications generally state that they obtain their information from sources that they believe to be reliable, but they do not guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the information. Similarly, while we believe that the statistical data, industry data and forecasts and market research are reliable, we have not independently verified the data. We have not sought the consent of the sources to refer to their reports appearing or incorporated by reference in this prospectus.

 

We were incorporated under the laws of the British Virgin Islands as a business company established under the BVI Act with limited liability and a majority of our outstanding securities are owned by non-U.S. residents. Under the rules of the SEC, we currently qualify for treatment as a “foreign private issuer.” As a foreign private issuer, we will not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as domestic registrants whose securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

Until May 15, 2023 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade Ordinary Shares, whether or not participating in this Offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

(v)

 

 

COMMONLY USED DEFINED TERMS

 

Unless otherwise indicated or the context requires otherwise, references in this prospectus to:

 

  “Amended Memorandum and Articles” are to our memorandum and articles of association to be in effect upon completion of this Offering;
     
  “BVI” refers to the British Virgin Islands;
     
  “BVI Act” is to the BVI Business Companies Act (As Revised) as the same may be amended from time to time;
     
  “China” or the “PRC” are to the People’s Republic of China, excluding Taiwan and includes the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau for the purposes of this prospectus only. The only instances that “PRC” or “China” does not include Hong Kong or Macau is when specific laws and regulations are adopted by the PRC;
     
  “HK SAR” is to Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China;
     
  “SEC” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission;
     
  “shares”, “Shares” or “Ordinary Shares” are to the ordinary shares of WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc., no par value;
     
 

“we,” “us,” “our company,” “our,” “the Company” and “W&L” are to WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc., a British Virgin Islands business company, and does not include its subsidiaries, WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc. and WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED. Where appropriate, we shall refer to the subsidiaries by their legal names and collectively as “our subsidiaries” and clearly identify the entity (including the domicile) in which investors are purchasing an interest;

     
 

All references to “H.K. dollars,” or “HK$” are to the legal currency of HK SAR;

     
  All references to “Renminbi” or “yuan” are to the legal currency of the People’s Republic of China;
     
  All references to “U.S. dollars,” “dollars,” “USD”, “US$” or “$” are to the legal currency of the United States.

 

Our business is conducted by our indirect wholly-owned entity in HK SAR, using HK$, the currency of HK SAR. Our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars. In this prospectus, we refer to assets, obligations, commitments and liabilities in our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in United States dollars. These dollar references are based on the exchange rate of HK$ to United States dollars, determined as of a specific date or for a specific period. Changes in the exchange rate will affect the amount of our obligations and the value of our assets in terms of United States dollars which may result in an increase or decrease in the amount of our obligations (expressed in dollars) and the value of our assets, including accounts receivable (expressed in dollars).

 

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This prospectus contains translations of certain HK$ amounts into U.S. dollar amounts at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The relevant exchange rates are listed below:

 

   For the six months ended
June 30
   For the Year Ended
December 31,
   Other Period 
   2022   2021   2021   2020   2019     
Period Ended HK$: USD exchange rate   7.8481    7.7649    7.7971    7.7525    7.7872    7.75 
Period Average HK$: USD exchange rate   7.8254    7.7610    7.7723    7.7558    7.8346    7.75 

 

Numerical figures included in this prospectus have been subject to rounding adjustments. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in various tables may not be arithmetic aggregations of the figures that precede them.

 

For the sake of clarity, this prospectus follows the English naming convention of first name followed by last name, regardless of whether an individual’s name is Chinese or English. For example, the name of our Chairman will be presented as “Pui Lung Ho,” even though, in Chinese, Mr. Ho’s name is presented as “Ho Pui Lung.”

 

We have relied on statistics provided by a variety of publicly-available sources regarding China’s expectations of growth. We did not, directly or indirectly, sponsor or participate in the publication of such materials, and these materials are not incorporated in this prospectus other than to the extent specifically cited in this prospectus. We have sought to provide current information in this prospectus and believe that the statistics provided in this prospectus remain up-to-date and reliable, and these materials are not incorporated in this prospectus other than to the extent specifically cited in this prospectus. Except where otherwise stated, all ordinary share accounts provided herein are on a pre-share-increase basis.

 

MARKET AND INDUSTRY DATA

 

Unless otherwise indicated, information contained in this prospectus concerning our industry, our market share and the markets that we serve is based on information from independent industry and research organizations, other third-party sources (including industry publications, surveys and forecasts) and management estimates. Management estimates are derived from publicly available information released by independent industry analysts and third-party sources, as well as data from our internal research, and are based on assumptions made by us upon reviewing such data and our knowledge of such industry and markets that we believe to be reasonable. Although we believe the data from these third-party sources is reliable, we have not independently verified any such information. In addition, projections, assumptions and estimates of the future performance of the industry in which we operate and our future performance are necessarily subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors” and “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the estimates made by third-parties and by us.

 

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements related to future events, business strategy, future performance, future operations, backlog, financial position, estimated revenues and losses, projected costs, prospects, plans and objectives of management. All statements other than statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are often, but not always, identified by the use of words such as “seek,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “may,” “will,” “project,” “predict,” “potential,” “targeting,” “intend,” “could,” “might,” “should,” “believe” and similar expressions or their negative. Forward-looking statements should not be read as a guarantee of future performance or results, and will not necessarily be accurate indications of the times at, or by, which such performance or results will be achieved. Forward-looking statements are based on management’s belief, based on currently available information, as to the outcome and timing of future events. These statements involve estimates, assumptions, known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements. When evaluating forward-looking statements, you should consider the risk factors and other cautionary statements described in “Risk Factors.” We believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus are reasonable, but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon.

 

Important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: 

 

    declines in public and private infrastructure construction, buildings and reductions in government funding or incentives;
    risks related to our operating strategy;
    competition for projects in our local markets;
    risks associated with our capital-intensive business;
    government requirements and initiatives, including those related to funding for public or infrastructure construction, land usage and environmental, health and safety matters;
    unfavorable economic conditions and restrictive financing markets;
    our ability to obtain sufficient bonding capacity to undertake certain projects;
    our ability to accurately estimate the overall risks, requirements or costs when we bid on or negotiate contracts that are ultimately awarded to us;
    the cancellation of a significant number of contracts or our disqualification from bidding for new contracts;
    risks related to adverse weather conditions;
  our substantial indebtedness and the restrictions imposed on us by the terms thereof;
  our ability to maintain favorable relationships with third parties that supply us with equipment and essential supplies;
    our ability to retain key personnel and maintain satisfactory labor relations;
    property damage, results of litigation and other claims and insurance coverage issues;
    risks related to our information technology systems and infrastructure; and

 

These factors are not necessarily all of the important factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements. Other unknown or unpredictable factors could also cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Our future results will depend upon various other risks and uncertainties, including those described in “Risk Factors.” All forward-looking statements attributable to us are qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date on which any such statement is made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

Cautionary Statement Regarding Doing Business in China

 

We are subject to certain legal and operational risks associated with being based in China. PRC laws and regulations governing our current business operations are sometimes vague and uncertain, and as a result these risks may result in material changes in our operations, completely hinder of our ability to offer or continue to offer our securities to investors and cause the value of our securities to significantly decline or become worthless.

 

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Recently, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council jointly issued the Opinions on Severe and Lawful Crackdown on Illegal Securities Activities, which was available to the public on July 6, 2021 (“Opinions”). These Opinions emphasized the need to strengthen the administration over illegal securities activities and the supervision on overseas listings by China-based companies. The PRC government also initiated a series of regulatory actions and statements to regulate business operations in China with little advance notice, including cracking down on illegal activities in the securities market, enhancing supervision over China-based companies listed overseas using variable interest entity structure, adopting new measures to extend the scope of cybersecurity reviews, and expanding the efforts in anti-monopoly enforcement. Since these statements and regulatory actions are new, it is highly uncertain how soon legislative or administrative regulation making bodies will respond and what existing or new laws or regulations or detailed implementations and interpretations will be modified or promulgated, if any, and the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the ability to accept foreign investments and list on a U.S. exchange.

 

The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by its Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies, and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained during the course of performing duties or providing services or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017.

 

Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, network operators must not, without users’ consent, collect their personal information, and may only collect users’ personal information necessary to provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products and services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and regulations.

 

The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People’s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides main legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. PRC regulators, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, MIIT, and the Ministry of Public Security have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection.

 

The PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are constantly evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations. In April 2020, the Chinese government promulgated Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services that do or may affect national security.

 

In November 2016, the Standing Committee of China’s National People’s Congress passed China’s first Cybersecurity Law (“CSL”), which became effective in June 2017. The CSL is the first PRC law that systematically lays out the regulatory requirements on cybersecurity and data protection, subjecting many previously under-regulated or unregulated activities in cyberspace to government scrutiny. The legal consequences of violation of the CSL include penalties of warning, confiscation of illegal income, suspension of related business, winding up for rectification, shutting down the websites, and revocation of business license or relevant permits. In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China and certain other PRC regulatory authorities promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective in June 2020. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security.

 

On July 10, 2021, the State Internet Information Office issued the Measures of Cybersecurity Review (Revised Draft for Comments, not yet effective), which requires operators with personal information of more than 1 million users who want to list abroad to file a cybersecurity review with the Office of Cybersecurity Review.

 

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On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments (“Draft Measures”), which required that, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure,” any “data processor” carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and further elaborated the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country; and (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign governments after listing abroad. The CAC has said that under the proposed rules, companies holding data on more than 1,000,000 users must now apply for cybersecurity approval when seeking listings in other nations because of the risk that such data and personal information could be “affected, controlled, and maliciously exploited by foreign governments,” The cybersecurity review will also investigate the potential national security risks from overseas IPOs. We do not know what regulations will be adopted or how such regulations will affect us and our listing on Nasdaq. In the event that the CAC determines that we are subject to these regulations, we may be subject to fines and penalties. On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the NPC promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which will take effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law also sets forth the data security protection obligations for entities and individuals handling personal data, including that no entity or individual may acquire such data by stealing or other illegal means, and the collection and use of such data should not exceed the necessary limits The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, CSL and any other cybersecurity and related laws may limit the use and adoption of our products and services and could have an adverse impact on our business. Further, if the enacted version of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review mandates clearance of cybersecurity review and other specific actions to be completed by companies like us, we face uncertainties as to whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all.

 

Given that the new PRC Data Security Law has been enacted in September, we will not be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for this Offering, given that: (i) using our products and services do not require providing users’ personal information; (ii) we possess minimum amount, if not none of personal information in our business operations; (iii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities and (iv) our operations are in HK SAR, a Special Autonomous Region apart from mainland PRC.

 

The national laws adopted by the PRC are generally not applicable to Hong Kong according to the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (the “Basic Law”). The Basic Law came into effect on July 1, 1997. It is the constitutional document of Hong Kong, which sets out the PRC’s basic policies regarding Hong Kong. The principle of “one country, two systems” is a prominent feature of the Basic Law, which dictates that Hong Kong will retain its unique common law and capitalist system for 50 years after the handover in 1997. Under the principle of “one country, two systems”, Hong Kong’s legal system, which is different from that of the PRC, is based on the common law, supplemented by statutes.

 

According to Article 18 of the Basic Law, national laws adopted by the PRC shall not be applied in Hong Kong, except for those listed in Annex III to the Basic Law, such as the laws in relation to the national flag, national anthem, and diplomatic privileges and immunities. Further, there is no legislation stating that the laws in Hong Kong should commensurate with those in the PRC. Despite the foregoing, the legal and operational risks of operating in China also apply to businesses operating in Hong Kong and Macau.

 

However, there remains uncertainty as to how the Draft Measures will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the Draft Measures. If any such new laws, regulations, rules, or implementation and interpretation comes into effect, we will take all reasonable measures and actions to comply and to minimize the adverse effect of such laws on us.

 

We cannot assure you that PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, would take the same view as we do, and there is no assurance that we can fully or timely comply with such laws. In the event that we are subject to any mandatory cybersecurity review and other specific actions required by the CAC, we face uncertainty as to whether any clearance or other required actions can be timely completed, or at all. Given such uncertainty, we may be further required to suspend our relevant business, shut down our website, or face other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

We believe that we have been in compliance with the data privacy and personal information requirements of the CAC for the abovementioned reasons. Neither the CAC nor any other PRC regulatory agency or administration has contacted the Company in connection with the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ operations. The Company is currently not required to obtain regulatory approval from the CAC nor any other PRC authorities for its and its subsidiaries’ operations in HK SAR. Further, the PRC laws or regulations related to data security are not enforceable in HK SAR.

 

As of the date of this prospectus, our Company and its subsidiaries have not received any inquiry, notice, warning or sanctions regarding our planned overseas listing from the China Securities Regulatory Commission or any other PRC governmental authorities. For more details, see “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR — We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.”

 

Presently, none of the PRC laws and regulations above applies to us because national laws adopted by the PRC are not applicable in HK SAR, except for those listed in Annex III to the Basic Law. Further, there is no legislation stating that the laws in HK SAR should commensurate with those in the PRC. With regard to the potential regulatory actions related to data security and anti-monopoly in HK SAR, please refer to our disclosures in “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR – We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations” on page 33. Apart from the foregoing, there is no other impact on our ability to conduct our business as presently conducted, accept foreign investments, or list on a U.S. or foreign exchange.

 

All of the statements and regulatory actions referenced are newly published, official guidance and related implementation rules have not been issued. It is highly uncertain what the potential impact such modified or new laws and regulations will have on our daily business operation, the ability to accept foreign investments and list on an U.S. exchange. PRC regulatory authorities may in the future promulgate laws, regulations or implementing rules that require us and/or our subsidiaries to obtain regulatory approval from Chinese authorities before listing in the U.S.

 

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act

 

Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (the “HFCA Act”)

 

The HFCA Act was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit the company’s shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S.

 

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. A company will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.

 

On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two years.

 

On December 2, 2021, the SEC issued amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants that the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely because of a position taken by an authority in foreign jurisdictions.

 

On December 16, 2021, PCAOB announced the PCAOB HFCA Act determinations (the “PCAOB determinations”) relating to the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China of the PRC or Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region and dependency of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong.

 

Our auditor, WWC P.C., the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess WWC P.C.’s compliance with applicable professional standards. WWC P.C. is headquartered in San Mateo, CA and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, with the last inspection in November 2021. Therefore, we believe that, as of the date of this prospectus, our auditor is not subject to the PCAOB determinations. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR — The recent joint statement by the SEC, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. These developments could add uncertainties to our future offerings, business operations share price and reputation.” on page 36. We cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or other regulatory authorities will apply additional or more stringent criteria to us. Such uncertainty could cause the market price of our Ordinary Shares to be materially and adversely affected.

 

The recent joint statement by the SEC and PCAOB, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to emerging market companies upon assessing the qualification of their auditors, especially the non-U.S. auditors who are not inspected by the PCAOB. On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the “SOP Agreement”), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. The SOP Agreement remains unpublished and is subject to further explanation and implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the SOP Agreement disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have sole discretion to select any audit firms for inspection or investigation and the PCAOB inspectors and investigators shall have a right to see all audit documentation without redaction. According to the PCAOB, its December 2021 determinations under the HFCA Act remain in effect. The PCAOB is required to reassess these determinations by the end of 2022. Under the PCAOB’s rules, a reassessment of a determination under the HFCA Act may result in the PCAOB reaffirming, modifying or vacating the PCACOB determinations. However, if the PCAOB continues to be prohibited from conducting complete inspections and investigations of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, the PCAOB is likely to determine by the end of 2022 that positions taken by authorities in the PRC obstructed its ability to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely, then the companies audited by those registered public accounting firms would be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCA Act.

 

These developments could add uncertainties to our Offering. Despite that we have a U.S. based auditor that is registered with the PCAOB and subject to PCAOB inspection, there are still risks to the Company and investors if it is later determined that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely our auditor because of a position taken by an authority in a foreign jurisdiction. Such risks include but not limited to that trading in our securities may be prohibited under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act and as a result an exchange may determine to delist our securities.

 

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We cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements. It remains unclear what the SEC’s implementation process related to the March 2021 interim final amendments will entail or what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in the PRC and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange (including a national securities exchange or over-the-counter stock market). In addition, the March 2021 interim final amendments and any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our Ordinary Shares could be adversely affected, trading in our securities may be prohibited and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense and management time. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR — The recent joint statement by the SEC, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. These developments could add uncertainties to our future offerings, business operations share price and reputation.” on page 36.

 

Cautionary Statement About Being a Foreign Private Issuer

 

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:

 

we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company;
for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies;
we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation;
we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information;
we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and
we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction.

 

Because we are a British Virgin Islands-incorporated company and conduct all of our operations in HK SAR, most of our directors and executive officers reside within HK SAR, and most of the assets of these persons and substantially all our assets are located within HK SAR, you may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in British Virgin Islands or HK SAR based on U.S. or other foreign laws against us, our management or the experts named in the prospectus. You may also face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited.

 

Our corporate affairs will be governed by our Amended Memorandum and Articles, the BVI Act and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the British Virgin Islands and by the BVI Act. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. As a result of the foregoing, holders of our Ordinary Shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company and whose management, directors and/or major shareholders were also incorporated, resident, or otherwise established in a United States jurisdiction. Certain corporate governance practices in the British Virgin Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice with respect to corporate governance matters, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions the BVI Act and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see “DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES - Material Differences in BVI Law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association and Delaware Law”.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This summary highlights information contained in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information you should consider in making your investment decision. You should read the entire prospectus carefully before making an investment in our Ordinary Shares. You should carefully consider, among other things, our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the sections entitled “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

We are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated on May 20, 2021 as a holding company of our business, which is primarily operated through our indirectly wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED.

 

Wang & Lee Engineering Limited was founded in 1981 and we mainly conducted electrical work until December 3, 1992. By 1990, we had provided services for many shops, factories and residential buildings and began providing other installation work. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED, formerly known as WANG & LEE ENGINEERING (M/E) LIMITED was incorporated in HK SAR on December 3, 1992. It changed its name to WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED on May 2, 1995 to reflect the expanded scope of work it now provides. Wang & Lee Engineering Limited was wound up in 2003.

 

We are, through our, indirectly wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED, a construction prime and subcontractor engaging in the installation of Electrical & Mechanical Systems (“E&M”), which includes low voltage (220v/phase 1 or 380v/phase 3) electrical system, mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning system, fire service system, water supply and sewage disposal system installation and fitting out for the public and private sectors. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED has mainly undertaken projects that are related to the supply, installation and maintenance of the following systems:

 

    low voltage electrical system, which refers to the power system that provides electricity to other systems such as the MVAC system and lighting system
    mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning system (“MVAC”)
    fitting out for commercial building and offices; and
    other E&M systems such as fire services, which includes fire prevention, detection, suppression and extinguishing systems and plumbing and drainage systems.

 

WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED is also able to provide design and contracting services to all trades in the construction industry. Our clients range from small startups to large companies.

 

Nowadays, buildings are going certifiably green. As we have become more conscious of the effect our installation and works have on the environment and on us directly, organizations have developed voluntary methods of rating the environmental impact and efficiency of buildings, and other similar structures. Assessments take place both during design and after completion. Existing structures or commercial interior spaces can also be rated. Our team provides every effort to be environmentally conscious, focusing on designs that promote energy and water efficiency, indoor environment quality, and the responsible discharge of wastes.

 

WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED has been providing construction contracting services in HK SAR for almost 40 years and have been awarded:

 

    ISO9001:2000 Certification, Government Approved Specialist Contractor for Public Works of Electrical and Air Conditioning Installation and Government Registered Specialist Contractor of Ventilation (BO (132) Sec.8A);
  ISO9001:2015 Quality Management System Standard for Design, Supply and Installation of Low Voltage Electrical, Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning Systems (as defined in Electricity Ordinance Chapter 406”;

 

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    ISO 14001:2015 Environmental Management System Standard for Design, Supply and Installation of Low Voltage Electrical, Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning Systems (as defined in Electricity Ordinance Chapter 406”;
    ISO 45001:2018 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Standard for Design, Supply and Installation of Low Voltage Electrical, Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning Systems (as defined in Electricity Ordinance Chapter 406”;
    ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System Standard for Design, Supply and Installation of Low Voltage Electrical, Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning Systems (as defined in Electricity Ordinance Chapter 406”;
    OHSAS 18001: 2007 Occupational Health and Safety Management System Standard for Design, Supply and Installation of Low Voltage Electrical, Mechanical Ventilation and Air-conditioning Systems (as defined in Electricity Ordinance Chapter 406”;
    H.K.E.M.S.D. Registered Electrical Contractor;
    H.K.F.S.D. Registered Fire Service Installation Contractor;
    H.K. Building Authority Registered Class II, III Type A, B, D, E, F, G Minor Works Contractors; and
    H.K. Water Authority Grade 1 Plumber’s license.

 

Additionally, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED is a registered Class 1 Fire Service Installation Contractor with the Fire Services Department, Specialist Contractor in Ventilation Works under the Building Ordinance (Cap 123) Section 8A, registered Minor Works Contractor (Company) for Classes II and III (covering under alteration and addition works, repair works, drainage works, works relating to structures for amenities, finishes works and demolition works) under the Building Ordinance (Cap 123) Section 8A and registered Electrical Contractor under the Electricity (Registration) Regulations (Cap 406 Sub Leg.).

 

All of WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED’s projects were predominantly in the private sector for fiscal years 2020 and 2019. It provides a wide range of large sitework construction services to private construction customers, including commercial and residential developers and local businesses. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED’s recent projects include two well-known theme parks in HK SAR – Ocean Park and Hong Kong Disneyland where it carried out various low voltage electrical work for the theme parks, such as installation of emergency power supply system, lighting, etc. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED competes for private construction projects primarily on the basis of the breadth of its service capabilities and its reputation for quality. As a result, we believe we are well-positioned to capitalize on the strong momentum after restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic were lifted in commercial and residential private construction sectors driven by population and economic expansion in HK SAR and mainland China.

 

Supported by its local market (i.e. the E&M market in HK SAR) presence and knowledge, as well as scale advantages attributable to its vertical integration, geographic reach and strong financial profile, we believe we are a significant player in each of the markets that WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED serves. For all but the very largest projects, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED competes primarily against local firms that have similar qualifications and experience. By virtue of this locally driven competitive dynamic, competition in our industry is characterized by relative market share, which we define as the percentage of jobs we win in a local market compared to the jobs we bid in a local market.

 

Our Mission

 

We, through our HK SAR indirectly wholly-owned subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED, aspire to be a leading provider of specialized engineering services, to exceed our clients’ expectations and be recognized locally and abroad by:

 

  ●  Building a loyal customer base by providing exceptional service, high quality of work and professionalism;
  ●  Delivering superior, flexible, cost-effective and integrated engineering solutions in compliance with the latest design/ construction standards; and
  ●  Maintaining a work environment that encourages and acknowledges exemplary service.

 

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Our Values

 

A building without a foundation is like a company without core values. They strengthen our entire team and client relationships, and they guide our business practices, strategy and vision. At our Company, we stand by our core values:

 

    Conducting our business with fairness and integrity;
    Listening and responding to customer needs;
    Providing quality work on schedule at a competitive price;
    Committing to the well-being of each employee; and
    Acknowledging the contributions of each employee by providing career growth

 

Competitive Strengths

 

We believe that the following strengths have contributed to our success and are differentiating factors that set us apart from our peers.

 

  ●  Customer and Revenue Diversification. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED performs new construction services over a wide geographic footprint for both public and private clients. Its private projects accounted for 100% and 99% of our fiscal year 2021 and 2020 revenues respectively. While it undertakes large projects, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED is able to perform many small to medium projects with varied complexity and durations at the same time. In fiscal year 2021 and 2020, 12% and 15% of its projects respectively were small to medium projects under HK$1 million (approximately US$128,534) with an average duration of approximately 3 months. We believe this strategy, coupled with our disciplined bidding process, yields revenue diversification and enables us to better manage our business through market cycles.
     
  ●  Consistent History of Managing Construction Projects and Contract Risk. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED’s long and successful track record of over 40 years demonstrates an understanding of the various risks associated with construction contractor projects. On top of the years of experience, licenses and registrations are also a key factor of recognition in the market. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED serves as the prime contractor on approximately 8%, 11% and 6% of its projects and as a subcontractor on the remaining 92%, 89% and 94% for the fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. When serving as the prime contractor, it utilizes subcontractors to perform approximately 22% of the total project. The vast majority of its projects are fixed unit price contracts, pursuant to which a portion of its revenues is tied to the volume of various project components. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED combines its experience, local market knowledge and fully integrated management information systems to effectively bid, execute and manage projects. It captures project costs such as labor and equipment expenses on a daily basis. its managers review daily project reports to determine whether actual project costs are tracking to budget.
     
  ●  Experienced Management Team. Our executive officers are seasoned leaders with complementary skill sets and a track record of financial success spanning over 20 years and multiple business cycles.
     
  ●  Commitment to deliver quality works and services with stringent quality, safety and environmental assurance. We are committed to providing high quality works and services. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED has adopted a set of stringent quality assurance measures which is comprised of monitoring, verifying and validating the works and materials. Its quality management system has been accredited with ISO 9001 certificate by Accredited Certification International Limited (“ACI Limited”). Furthermore, it has also set up an environmental management system to promote awareness of environmental protection and prevent pollution of the environment resulting in its works. Its environmental management system was accredited by ISO 14001 certification with ACI Limited. It has set up a comprehensive occupational health and safety management system to promote safe working practices among all employees and to prevent the occurrence of accidents through promoting safety awareness at the front line level. Its occupational health and safety management system has been certified to be in compliance with ISO 45001 by ACI Limited.

 

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  ●  Long-term relationship with customers, suppliers and subcontractors. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED has established long term relationships with its customers for a period up to 25 years, suppliers for a period up to 30 years and subcontractors for a period up to 30 years. Maintaining good customer relationships provides more opportunities to tender and also demonstrates its ability to provide high-quality work on time and budget. In addition, it has also maintained a good relationship with equipment and material suppliers as well as subcontractors. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED is the authorized dealer of an American air-conditioning equipment manufacturer (the “air-conditioning equipment manufacturer”). Establishing a good relationship with suppliers enables it to have more flexibility in negotiating prices, resources allocation and project execution compared with competitors. Maintaining a good relationship with subcontractors will help reduce the risk of shortage or delay in the delivery of contract works, and ensure timely installation works. We consider partnering with these suppliers and subcontractors to be one of the key success factors for us to deliver high quality work to our customers.

  

Threats and Challenges

 

  Relative Dependence on the Real Estate Market
     
    The sales value of the real estate market in HK SAR experienced an overall decrease at CAGR of approximately 1.9% from 2015 to 2020. Amid uncertainties caused by unfavorable global economic environment, the E&M engineering industry, which is relatively dependent on the real estate market performance, especially the number of newly- built properties, would be adversely affected.
     
  Labor Shortage and Increasing Labor Costs
     
    Labor shortage and increasing labor costs may dampen the profitability of E&M engineering contractors. Also, difficulties in attracting and retaining experienced and qualified staff may delay the completion of the works and thereafter reducing the profitability of the E&M engineering industry. As a result, E&M engineering contractors, in particular those who fail to shift the increasing labor costs to customers, may face the problem of lowered profitability.
     
  Going Concern
     
    As of December 31, 2019, 2020 and 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,548,216, $1,270,198, and $1,624,941, and working capital deficit of $1,177,262, $894,295 and $518,589 respectively. As the Company has an accumulated deficit and has a working capital deficit, net cash outflows from operating activities, our auditor, WWC, P.C. had raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as going concern.
     
    Management plans to focus its resources on smaller scale engineering projects that generate sustainable positive profit margins. Additionally, the Company plans to raise capital via private placement or public offering in the event that the Company does not have adequate liquidity to meet its current obligations. If we are unable to improve our liquidity position, we may not be able to continue as a going concern, and therefore, be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment

 

Coronavirus (COVID-19) Update

 

The world is experiencing a global pandemic of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) and its various strains. The pandemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and business facilities globally for most of the past two years. We believe there is a risk that our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected by the continued pandemic. Potential impact to our results of operations will also depend on future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 and the actions taken by government authorities and other entities to contain the COVID-19 or mitigate its impact, almost all of which are beyond our control.

 

The impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition, and results of operations includes, but are not limited to, the following:

 

  The closure of our offices and suspension of construction/contracting operations;
  The suspension of all in-person consultations, marketing, and advertising activities; and
  Our results of operations were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half year of 2020. Under the disease prevention measures and arrangement announced by the HK SAR Government, on-site works were suspended for around 3 months from February through April 2020.

 

Because of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak, the business disruption and the related financial impact related to the outbreak of and response to the coronavirus cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. For a detailed description of the risks associated with the novel coronavirus, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Industry — Given the rapidly expanding nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and because substantially all of our business operations and our workforce are concentrated in China, we believe there is a risk that our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected.”

 

Significant Risk Factors

 

An investment in our Ordinary Shares involves a number of risks. You should carefully read and consider all of the information contained in this prospectus (including in “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto) before making an investment decision. These risks could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, and cause the trading price of our Ordinary Shares to decline. You could lose part or all of your investment. In reviewing this prospectus, you should bear in mind that past results are no guarantee of future performance. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of forward-looking statements, and the significance of forward-looking statements in the context of this prospectus.

 

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The following is a summary of what our management views as our most significant risk factors:

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

 

  A significant slowdown or decline in economic conditions, particularly in mainland China, could adversely impact our results of operations.
     
  If we do not comply with certain laws, we could be suspended or debarred contracting, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
     
  If we are unable to accurately estimate the overall risks, revenues or costs on our projects, we may incur contract losses or achieve lower than anticipated profits.
     
  We are required to maintain various approvals, licences and permits to operate many of our businesses, and the loss of, or failure to obtain or renew, any or all of these approvals, licences and permits could materially and adversely affect our businesses in Hong Kong SAR.
     
  The cancellation of a significant number of contracts, our disqualification from bidding for new contracts, and the unpredictable timing of new contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business.
     
  We may lose business to competitors that underbid us, and we may be unable to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry.
     
  Our business is subject to adverse weather conditions, which can adversely impact our business.
     
  Design-build contracts subject us to the risk of design errors and omissions.
     
  Our continued success requires us to hire, train and retain qualified personnel and subcontractors in a competitive industry.
     
  We depend on third parties for equipment and supplies essential to operate our business.
     
  Failure of our subcontractors to perform as expected could have a negative impact on our results.
     
  The construction services industry is highly schedule driven, and our failure to meet the schedule requirements of our contracts could adversely affect our reputation and/or expose us to financial liability.
     
  Force majeure events, such as natural disasters and terrorists’ actions, and unexpected equipment failures could negatively impact our business, which may affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
     
  Inability to obtain or maintain adequate insurance coverage could adversely affect our results of operations.
     
  Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and any changes to, or liabilities arising under, such laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

 

  Our operations are subject to special hazards that may cause personal injury or property damage, subjecting us to liabilities and possible losses which may not be covered by insurance.
     
  We may need to raise additional capital in the future for working capital, capital expenditures and/or acquisitions, and we may not be able to do so on favorable terms or at all, which would impair our ability to operate our business or achieve our growth objectives.
     
  Failure to maintain safe work sites could result in significant losses, which could materially affect our business and reputation.
     
  Our earnings are affected by the application of accounting standards and our critical accounting policies, which involve subjective judgments and estimates by our management. Our actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used to prepare our financial statements.
     
  The percentage-of-completion method of accounting for contract revenues involves significant estimates that may result in material adjustments, which could result in a charge against our earnings.
     
  We are a holding company whose principal source of operating cash is the income received from our subsidiaries.
     
  Our significant shareholders have considerable influence over our corporate matters.
     
  Our significant shareholders may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.
     
  If we fail to promote and maintain our brand effectively and cost-efficiently, our business and results of operations may be harmed.
     
  We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.
     
  We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.
     
  We may incur losses or experience disruption of our operations as a result of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of an epidemic, pandemic, social unrest, terrorist attacks, or natural disasters.
     
  Given the rapidly expanding nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and because substantially all of our business operations and our workforce are concentrated in China, we believe there is a risk that our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected.
     
  Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the price of the Ordinary Shares.
     
  Increases in labor costs and an ageing labor force may adversely affect our business and results of operations.
     
  Our business is susceptible to government policies and macroeconomic conditions.
     
  We may not be able to meet higher customers’ expectation.
     
  Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and we must raise additional capital beforehand to fund our operations in order to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to do so or on terms commercially acceptable to us and we are unable to improve our liquidity position, we may be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment.

 

For a detailed description of the risks above, please refer to pages 19 – 29.

 

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Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR

 

  Changes in political, social and economic policies in any of China, the U.S. or Europe may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
     
  HK SAR and China’s legal systems are evolving and have inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protection available to you.
     
  Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations, which could change at any time with little advance notice, could limit the legal protections available to us.
     
  We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
     
  The Opinions recently issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council and the New Overseas Listing Rules promulgated by the CSRC may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future.
     
 

We operate in a competitive industry and a highly competitive market. We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding competition law in the HK SAR, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

     
  The recent spate of government interference by the PRC government into business activities of U.S. listed Chinese companies may negatively impact our operations, value of our securities and/or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer future securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.
     
  It may be difficult for overseas shareholders and/or regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.
     
  Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business in China could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.
     
  Our Ordinary Shares may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for three consecutive years beginning in 2021. If the bill passed by the U.S. Senate on June 22, 2021 is passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, this would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act from three years to two. The delisting of our shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.
     
  Nasdaq may apply additional and more stringent criteria for our continued listing.

 

For a detailed description of the risks above, please refer to pages 29 – 37.

 

Risks Related to Our Initial Public Offering and Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares

 

  We will incur additional costs as a result of becoming a public company, which could negatively impact our net income and liquidity.
     
  The obligation to disclose information publicly may put us at a disadvantage to competitors that are private companies.
     
  We are a “foreign private issuer,” and a British Virgin Islands company and our disclosure obligations differ from those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a result, we may not provide you the same information as U.S. domestic reporting companies or we may provide information at different times, which may make it more difficult for you to evaluate our performance and prospects.
     
  We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.
     
  We are a “controlled company” defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future and you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.
     
  The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention.
     
  The market price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.
     
  Future issuances or sales, or perceived issuances or sales, of substantial amounts of Ordinary Shares in the public market could materially and adversely affect the prevailing market price of the Ordinary Shares and our ability to raise capital in the future.
     
  We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and may not use them effectively.
     
  Future financing may cause a dilution in your shareholding or place restrictions on our operations.
     
  There may not be an active, liquid trading market for our Ordinary Shares.
     
  You will experience immediate and substantial dilution.
     
  Our internal controls over financial reporting may not be effective and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify as to their effectiveness, which could have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.
     
  You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in British Virgin Islands or HK SAR based on U.S. or other foreign laws against us, our management or the experts named in the prospectus
     
  You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under British Virgin Islands law.
     
  We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act”), and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.
     
  It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of U.S. courts for civil liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws against us, our directors or officers in the British Virgin Islands.
     
  We employ a mail forwarding service, which may delay or disrupt our ability to receive mail in a timely manner.
     
  We could become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could subject United States investors in our shares to significant adverse United States income tax consequences.
     
  Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this Offering, you must rely on price appreciation of the Ordinary Shares for return on your investment.
     
  We are subject to changing law and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.
     
 

We may experience extreme stock price volatility, including any stock-run up, unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Ordinary Shares.

 

For a detailed description of the risks above, please refer to pages 38 – 46.

 

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List of Approvals/Permits

 

Neither we or our subsidiaries are covered by permissions requirements from the China Securities Regulatory Commission (“CSRC”), Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) or any other governmental agency. We have and our subsidiaries have received all requisite permissions or approvals and no permissions or approvals had been denied.

 

If we or our subsidiaries: (i) do not receive or maintain such permissions or approvals, (ii) inadvertently conclude that such permissions or approvals are not required, or (iii) applicable laws, regulations, or interpretations change and we and/or our subsidiaries are required to obtain such permissions or approvals in the future, the relevant governmental authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including levying fines, confiscating our and/or our subsidiaries’ income, revoking our or our subsidiaries’ business licenses or operating licenses, discontinuing or placing restrictions or onerous conditions on our operations, requiring us to undergo a costly and disruptive restructuring, restricting or prohibiting our use of proceeds from our Offering to finance our or our subsidiaries’ business and operations, and taking other regulatory or enforcement actions that could be harmful to our or our subsidiaries’ business. Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to our or our subsidiaries’ business operations and severely damage our or our subsidiaries’ reputation, which would in turn materially and adversely affect our or our subsidiaries’ business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Transfers of Cash to and from Our Subsidiaries

 

Our business is primarily conducted through our indirectly wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED. WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc., the British Virgin Islands holding company will rely on dividends paid by its subsidiaries, namely WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc., our wholly-owned British Virgin Islands subsidiary and the latter’s wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED for WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc.’s working capital and cash needs, including the funds necessary to pay any dividends. WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. and WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc. are essentially British Virgin Islands holding companies. Only WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED operates in HK SAR.

 

During the normal courses of our business, cash may be transferred between our companies via wire transfer to and from bank accounts to pay certain business expenses, as loans or capital contribution. Cash is maintained by our operating subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED, in four separate Hong Kong Dollar bank accounts in HK SAR. WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. has two Hong Kong Dollar savings and current bank accounts and two foreign currency savings and current bank accounts in HK SAR. WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc. has no bank account,

 

Because WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. was recently incorporated, there has not been, to date, any transfers, dividends, or distributions between the holding company, WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc., its subsidiaries, or to its investors.

 

WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. is permitted under the laws of the British Virgin Islands to provide funding to its subsidiaries through loans or capital contributions without restrictions on the amount of the funds. WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc. and WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED are permitted under the relevant laws of HK SAR to provide funding through dividend distribution without restrictions on the amount of the funds. There are no restrictions on dividends transfers from HK SAR to the British Virgin Islands and to U.S. investors.

 

Our Corporate Structure

 

We are a British Virgin Islands business company that wholly owns our British Virgin Islands subsidiary, WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc., which in turn, wholly owns our HK SAR operating subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED. We do not use variable interest entities in our corporate structure.

 

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus and on completion of the Offering. For more detail on our corporate history please refer to “Our Corporate History and Structure” appearing on page 79 of this prospectus.

 

Pre-Offering

 

 

*WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. is the holding company and registrant.

** WANG & LEE CONTRACTING Limited is our operating company.

 

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Post-Offering

 

 

*WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. is the holding company and registrant.

** WANG & LEE CONTRACTING Limited is our operating company.

 

Corporate Information

 

Our principal executive office is located at 5/F Wing Tai Factory Building, 3 Tai Yip Street, Kwun Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, and our phone number is +852 2889 1313. We maintain a corporate website at http://www.wangnlee.com.hk/. The information contained in, or accessible from, our website or any other website does not constitute a part of this prospectus.

 

Implications of Our Being an “Emerging Growth Company”

 

As a company with less than $1.07 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An “emerging growth company” may take advantage of reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise generally applicable to public companies. In particular, as an emerging growth company, we:

 

  may present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A;
     
  are not required to provide a detailed narrative disclosure discussing our compensation principles, objectives and elements and analyzing how those elements fit with our principles and objectives, which is commonly referred to as “compensation discussion and analysis”;
     
  are not required to obtain an attestation and report from our auditors on our management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;
     
  are not required to obtain a non-binding advisory vote from our shareholders on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements (commonly referred to as the “say-on-pay,” “say-on frequency” and “say-on-golden-parachute” votes);
     
  are exempt from certain executive compensation disclosure provisions requiring a pay-for-performance graph and CEO pay ratio disclosure;
     
  are eligible to claim longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act; and
     
  will not be required to conduct an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting for two years.

 

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We intend to take advantage of all of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions, including the longer phase-in periods for the adoption of new or revised financial accounting standards under §107 of the JOBS Act. Our election to use the phase-in periods may make it difficult to compare our financial statements to those of non-emerging growth companies and other emerging growth companies that have opted out of the phase-in periods under §107 of the JOBS Act.

 

Certain of these reduced reporting requirements and exemptions were already available to us due to the fact that we also qualify as a “smaller reporting company” under SEC rules. For instance, smaller reporting companies are not required to obtain an auditor attestation and report regarding management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting, are not required to provide a compensation discussion and analysis, are not required to provide a pay-for-performance graph or CEO pay ratio disclosure, and may present only two years of audited financial statements and related MD&A disclosure.

 

Implications of Being a Foreign Private Issuer

 

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). As such, we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to United States domestic public companies. For example:

 

  we are not required to provide as many Exchange Act reports, or as frequently, as a domestic public company;
     
  for interim reporting, we are permitted to comply solely with our home country requirements, which are less rigorous than the rules that apply to domestic public companies;
     
  we are not required to provide the same level of disclosure on certain issues, such as executive compensation;
     
  we are exempt from provisions of Regulation FD aimed at preventing issuers from making selective disclosures of material information;
     
  we are not required to comply with the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; and
     
  we are not required to comply with Section 16 of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their share ownership and trading activities and establishing insider liability for profits realized from any “short-swing” trading transaction.

 

Implications of Being a Controlled Company

 

We expect that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Pui Lung Ho will own a majority of our ordinary shares following the Offering and continue to be a controlled company pursuant to “controlled company” defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. Accordingly, we will be a controlled company under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. For so long as we are a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including:

 

  an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors;
  an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by independent directors; and
  an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be selected or recommended solely by independent directors.

 

As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

 

Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors upon closing of the Offering. Our status as a controlled company could cause our Ordinary Shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price. As a result, the investors will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Please see “Risk Factors – Our significant shareholders have considerable influence over our corporate matters.”

 

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Offering Summary

 

Following completion of our initial public offering, ownership of WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc. will be as follows:

 

    Ordinary shares purchased  
    Number     Percent  
             
Existing shareholders     13,400,000       89.3 %
New investors     1,400,000       10.7 %
      15,000,000       100 %

 

THE OFFERING

 

Issuer   WANG & LEE GROUP, Inc.
     
Securities being offered   1,600,000 Ordinary Shares, no par value. We are also registering for resale up to 1,400,000 Ordinary Shares by certain shareholders. These shares will not be part of this initial public offering.

     

Ordinary Shares Outstanding Prior to

Completion of Offering

  13,400,000
     

Ordinary Shares outstanding immediately

after this Offering

  15,000,000
     
Assumed Offering Price per Ordinary Share   The purchase price will be $5.00.
     
Gross Proceeds  

$8,000,000

     
Symbol   Our Ordinary Shares have been approved to list on the Nasdaq Capital Market under the symbol “WLGS”.
     
Use of Proceeds   We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from this Offering of up to $6,011,801, based on an assumed price to the public in this Offering of $5.00, after deducting underwriting fees and commissions and estimated offering expenses.

  

Risk Factors

  Investing in our Ordinary Shares involves a high degree of risk and purchasers of our Ordinary Shares may lose part or all of their investment. See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our Ordinary Shares beginning on Page 19.
     
Lock-Up   We, our directors, executive officers, and all existing shareholders of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares are expected to enter into lock-up agreements with the underwriters not to sell, transfer or dispose of any Ordinary Shares for a period of up to 12 months after this Offering is completed. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” and “Underwriting.”
     
Dividend Policy   We have no present plans to declare dividends and plan to retain our earnings to continue to grow our business.

 

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Summary Financial Data

 

The following summary consolidated statements of operations and cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 and June 30, 2022 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the summary consolidated financial data in conjunction with those financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP, our consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented.

 

The summary consolidated statements of operations and cash flow

 

   For the six months ended June 30,   For the years ended December 31, 
   2022   2021   2021   2020 
                 
Net cash (used in) provided by                    
Operating activities  US$(530,028  US$215,271   $(482,801)  $(74,380)
Investing activities   -    -    -    (2,926)
Financing activities   202,211    (199,064)   1,018,183    83,895 
                     
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents   (327,817)   16,207    535,382    6,589 
                     
Effect of foreign currency translation   (5,803)   (11,561)   (5,863)   (5,803)
                     
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents   (333,620)   4,646   $529,519   $786 

 

The summary consolidated balance sheet as at

 

   June 30,   December 31, 
   2022   2021   2020 
             
Total asset  $1,941,095   $2,419,592   $2,121,266 
Total liabilities   3,436,271    3,536,026    2,887,010 
                
Deficit  $(1,495,176   $(1,116,434)  $(765,744)

 

Our management believes that the assumptions underlying our financial statements and the above allocations are reasonable. Our financial statements, however, may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented. You should not view our historical results as an indicator of our future performance.

 

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The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

 

   For the six months ended,   For the years ended December 31, 
   2022   2021   2021   2020 
                 
Contract revenue  $1,250,104   $2,000,687   $4,135,059   $4,074,258 
Contract costs   (872,177)   (1,579,049)   (3,275,299)   (3,339,093)
GROSS PROFIT   377,927    421,638    859,760    735,165 
                     
General and administrative expenses   (761,402)   (313,608)   (1,220,619)   (592,539)
Other income (expenses)   3    9,150    6,116    140,936 
Provision for income taxes   -    -    -    (5,544)
                     
Net Profit (Loss)   (383,472)   117,180    (354,743)   278,018 
Foreign currency translation adjustment   4,730    1,171    4,053    (4,533)
                     
Total comprehensive income (loss)   (378,742)   118,351   $(350,690)  $273,485 

 

RISK FACTORS

 

Investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks described below together with all of the other information included in this prospectus before making an investment decision. The risks and uncertainties described below represent our known material risks to our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could suffer. In that case, you may lose all or part of your investment. You should not invest in this Offering unless you can afford to lose your entire investment.

 

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

 

A significant slowdown or decline in economic conditions, particularly in mainland China, could adversely impact our results of operations.

 

We currently operate in HK SAR and the People’s Republic of China to a small extent. In fiscal year 2019, we generated 6% of our revenue from mainland China for referring sub-contractors to a work site in mainland China. Since then, all our revenue has been generated in HK SAR. A slowdown or decline in economic conditions or uncertainty regarding the economic outlook in mainland China generally, or in HK SAR particularly, could result in reduced demand for construction projects, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Demand for construction projects depends on the overall condition of the local economies, the need for new or replacement infrastructure, the priorities placed on various projects funded by government spending levels. In particular, low tax revenues, credit rating downgrades, budget deficits and financing constraints, including timing and amount of government funding and competing governmental priorities, could negatively impact the ability of government agencies to fund existing or new public infrastructure projects. For example, during the most recent recession, decreases in tax revenues reduced funding for infrastructure projects. In addition, any instability in the financial and credit markets could negatively impact our customers’ ability to pay us on a timely basis, or at all, for work on projects already in progress. The inability to pay could cause our customers to delay or cancel construction projects in our contract backlog and/or create difficulties for customers to obtain adequate financing to fund new construction projects, including through the issuance of municipal bonds.

 

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If we do not comply with certain laws, we could be suspended or debarred contracting, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Various statutes to which our operations are subject, such as Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance (Cap. 59 of the Laws of Hong Kong), Construction Site (Safety) Regulations (Cap. 59I of the Laws of Hong Kong), Factory and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Officers and Safety Supervisors) Regulations (Cap. 59Z of the Laws of Hong Kong); Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Safety Management) Regulations; and Occupational Safety and Health Ordinance (Cap. 509), which deal with the health and safety during the construction process and various other statutes provide for discretionary suspension and/or debarment in certain circumstances. The scope and duration of any suspension or debarment may vary depending upon the facts of a particular case and the statutory or regulatory grounds for debarment. Any suspension or debarment from contracting will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

 

If we are unable to accurately estimate the overall risks, revenues or costs on our projects, we may incur contract losses or achieve lower than anticipated profits.

 

Pricing on a fixed unit price contract is based on approved quantities irrespective of our actual costs, and contracts with a fixed total price require that the work be performed for a single price. We only generate profits on fixed unit price and fixed total price contracts when our revenues exceed our actual costs, which requires us to accurately estimate our costs, control actual costs, and avoid cost overruns. If our cost estimates are too low or we do not perform the contract within our cost estimates, then cost overruns may cause us to incur a loss or cause the contract not to be as profitable as we expected. The costs incurred and profit realized, if any, on our contracts can vary, sometimes substantially, from our original projections due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to:

 

    the failure to include materials or work in a bid, or the failure to estimate the quantities or costs properly needed to complete a fixed total price contract;
  delays caused by weather conditions or otherwise failing to meet scheduled acceptance dates;
    contract or project modifications or conditions creating unanticipated costs that are not covered by change orders;
    the availability and skill level of workers;
    the failure by our suppliers, subcontractors, designers, engineers or customers to perform their obligations;
    fraud, theft or other improper activities by our suppliers, subcontractors, designers, engineers, customers or our own personnel;
  mechanical problems with our machinery or equipment;
    difficulties in obtaining required government permits or approvals;
     changes in applicable laws and regulations;
    uninsured claims or demands from third parties for alleged damages arising from the design, construction or use and operation of a project of which our work is part; and
    public infrastructure customers seeking to impose contractual risk-shifting provisions that result in our facing increased risks.

 

These factors and others may cause us to incur losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

 

We are required to maintain various approvals, licences and permits to operate many of our businesses, and the loss of, or failure to obtain or renew, any or all of these approvals, licences and permits could materially and adversely affect our businesses in Hong Kong SAR.

 

In accordance with the laws and regulations of Hong Kong SAR, we are required to maintain various approvals, licences and permits in order to operate our business. Please see “Business — Overview” for a summary of such licences, approvals or permits.

 

Failure to comply with these laws and regulations, or the loss of or failure to renew our licences and permits or any change in the government policies, could lead to temporary or permanent suspension of some of our business operations or the imposition of penalties on us, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. As confirmed by our directors, we may engage approved subcontractors to carry out part of our engineering works to mitigate such risks, thereby ensuring the timely completion of the E&M engineering projects. We have established long term relationships with our subcontractors for a period up to 30 years. Please refer to “Business — Competitive Strengths” and “Business — Subcontractors” for more details.

 

In order to tender for government contracts, a contractor is required to be on the appropriate list of approved contractors of the relevant government departments. If the capability, performance, tendering record or financial standing of a particular contractor is found to be unsatisfactory by the government, or if a contractor’s failure to implement sufficient safety measures and procedures at work sites has resulted in any personal injuries or fatal accidents, the government may remove a contractor from such list or take other regulatory actions against the contractor such as revocation, suspension, extending probationary period, downgrading to probationary status, or demotion to a lower group in respect of all or any work category in which the contractor is listed. In the event of a withdrawal, revocation or downgrading, there would be a detrimental impact on our operations and prospects.

 

In addition, any changes or alterations in the licensing requirements and/or standards for admission into the list of approved contractors may require us to make necessary corresponding adjustments to meet any new requirements and/or standards resulting from such changes, thus requiring us to incur extra costs.

 

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The cancellation of a significant number of contracts, our disqualification from bidding for new contracts, and the unpredictable timing of new contracts could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

We could be prohibited from bidding on certain contracts if we fail to maintain the qualifications required by those entities. In addition, government contracts can typically be canceled at any time with our receiving payment only for the work completed. The cancellation of an unfinished contract or our disqualification from the bidding process could result in lost revenues and cause our equipment to be idled for a significant period until other comparable work becomes available. Additionally, the timing of project awards is unpredictable and outside of our control. Project awards, including expansions of existing projects, often involve complex and lengthy negotiations and competitive bidding processes.

 

We may lose business to competitors that underbid us, and we may be unable to compete favorably in our highly competitive industry.

 

The E&M market in HK SAR is deemed to be highly competitive due to a large amount of E&M service providers. In addition, some service providers may possess longer operating history, better resources, stronger relationships with other industry stakeholders or a more reputed brand name. Therefore, to capture potential business opportunities and develop relationships with customers, some market participants may adopt more aggressive pricing approaches, leading to downward market pricing pressure. As a result, an increase in competition may decrease new project awards to us at acceptable profit margins. In addition, in the event of a downturn in private residential and commercial construction, the competition for available public government projects could intensify, which could materially and adversely impact our financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

 

Our business is subject to adverse weather conditions, which can adversely impact our business.

 

Our construction operations may occur outdoors. As a result, adverse weather conditions can adversely affect our business operations through a decline in the demand for our construction/contracting services and alterations and delays in our construction/contracting schedules. In addition, adverse weather conditions such as extended rainy, cold weather and typhoons could render our contracting operations less efficient resulting in under-utilization of crews and equipment and lower contract profitability.

 

Design-build contracts subject us to the risk of design errors and omissions.

 

Design-build contracts are used as a project delivery method that provides the owner with a single point of responsibility for both design and construction. Therefore, we can have the ability to assume design and engineering responsibilities. However, in the event of a design error or omission that causes damages, there is a risk we would not be able to absorb the full amount of the liability incurred despite having trial and omission insurance. In this case, we may be responsible for the liability, resulting in a potentially material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.

 

Our continued success requires us to hire, train and retain qualified personnel and subcontractors in a competitive industry.

 

The success of our business depends upon our ability to attract, train and retain qualified, reliable personnel, including, but not limited to, our executive officers and key management personnel. Additionally, the successful operation of our business depends upon engineers, project management personnel, other employees and qualified subcontractors who possess the necessary and required experience and expertise and who will perform their respective services at a reasonable and competitive rate. Competition for these and other experienced personnel is intense. As a result, it may be difficult to attract and retain qualified individuals with the requisite expertise and in the timeframe demanded by our clients. For example, in certain geographic areas, we may not be able to satisfy the demand for our services because of our inability to hire, train, and retain qualified personnel successfully. Also, it could be difficult to replace personnel who hold government granted eligibility that may be required to obtain certain government projects and/or who have significant government contract experience.

 

As some of our executives and other key personnel approach retirement age, we must provide for smooth transitions, which may require that we devote time and resources to identify and integrate new personnel into vacant leadership roles and other key positions. If we are unable to attract and retain a sufficient number of skilled personnel or effectively implement appropriate succession plans, our ability to pursue projects and our strategic plan may be adversely affected, the costs of executing both our existing and future projects may increase and our financial performance may decline.

 

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In addition, the cost of providing our services, including the extent to which we utilize our workforce, affects our profitability. For example, the uncertainty of contract award timing can present difficulties matching our workforce size with our contracts. If an expected contract award is delayed or not received, we could incur costs resulting from excess staff or redundancy of facilities that could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

 

We depend on third parties for equipment and supplies essential to operate our business.

 

We rely on third parties to sell or lease equipment to us and provide us with supplies, including materials for installation such as air-conditioners, and other construction materials (such as cables, lighting fitting and generator set), necessary for our operations. We cannot assure you that our favorable working relationships with our suppliers will continue in the future. In addition, there have historically been periods of supply shortages in our industry.

 

The inability to purchase or lease necessary equipment for our operations could severely impact our business. For example, if we lose our supply contracts and receive insufficient supplies from third parties to meet our customers’ needs, or if our suppliers experience price increases or disruptions to their business, such as labor disputes, supply shortages or distribution problems, our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.

 

Failure of our subcontractors to perform as expected could have a negative impact on our results.

 

On occasion, we rely on third-party subcontractors to perform some of the work on many of our contracts, but we are ultimately responsible for the successful completion of their work. Although we seek to require bonding or other forms of guarantees from all of our subcontractors, we are not always able to obtain such bonds or guarantees. In situations where we are unable to obtain a bond or guarantee, we may be responsible for the failures on the part of our subcontractors to perform as anticipated, resulting in a potentially adverse impact on our cash flows and liquidity. In addition, if the project’s total costs exceed our original estimates, we could experience reduced profits or a loss for that project, which could have an adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows, and liquidity.

 

The construction services industry is highly schedule driven, and our failure to meet the schedule requirements of our contracts could adversely affect our reputation and/or expose us to financial liability.

 

In some instances, including in the case of many of our fixed unit price contracts, we guarantee that we will complete a project by a certain date. Any failure to meet contractual schedule or completion requirements set forth in our contracts could subject us to responsibility for costs resulting from the delay, generally in the form of contractually agreed-upon liquidated damages, liability for our customer’s actual costs arising out of our delay, reduced profits or a loss on that project, damage to our reputation and a material adverse impact to our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.

 

Force majeure events, such as natural disasters and terrorists’ actions, and unexpected equipment failures could negatively impact our business, which may affect our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Force majeure events, such as terrorist attacks or natural disasters, have impacted, and could continue to negatively impact, the economy and the markets in which we operate. As an example, from time to time we face unexpected severe weather conditions, evacuation of personnel and curtailment of services, increased labor and material costs or shortages, inability to deliver materials, equipment and personnel to work sites in accordance with contract schedules and loss of productivity. We seek to include language in our private client contracts that grants us certain relief from force majeure events. We regularly review and attempt to mitigate force majeure events in both public and private client contracts. However, the extra costs incurred as a result of these events may not be reimbursed by our clients, and we remain obligated to perform our services after most extraordinary events subject to relief that may be available pursuant to a force majeure clause.

 

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These force majeure events may affect our operations or those of our customers or suppliers and could impact our revenues, our production capability and our ability to complete contracts in a timely manner.

 

Inability to obtain or maintain adequate insurance coverage could adversely affect our results of operations.

 

As part of our overall risk management strategy and pursuant to requirements to maintain specific coverage contained in our financing agreements and a majority of our contracts, we have obtained and maintain insurance coverage. Although we have been able to obtain reasonably priced insurance coverage to meet our requirements in the past, there is no assurance that we will be able to do so in the future. For example, catastrophic events can result in decreased coverage limits, more limited coverage, and increased premium costs or deductibles. If we are unable to obtain adequate insurance coverage, we may not be able to procure certain contracts, which could materially adversely affect our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.

 

Environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and any changes to, or liabilities arising under, such laws and regulations could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

 

Our operations are subject to stringent and complex laws and regulations governing the discharge of materials into the environment, health and safety aspects of our operations or otherwise relating to environmental protection. These laws and regulations may impose numerous obligations applicable to our operations, including: the acquisition of a permit or other approval before conducting regulated activities; the restriction of the types, quantities and concentration of materials that can be released into the environment; the limitation or prohibition of activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands, and other protected areas; the application of specific health and safety criteria addressing worker protection; and the imposition of substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from our operations. Numerous government authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and the permits issued under them. Such enforcement actions often involve difficult and costly compliance measures or corrective actions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of sanctions, including administrative, civil, or criminal penalties, natural resource damages, the imposition of investigatory or remedial obligations, and the issuance of orders limiting or prohibiting some or all of our operations. In addition, we may experience delays in obtaining, or be unable to obtain, required permits, which may delay or interrupt our operations and limit our growth and revenue.

 

Certain environmental laws impose strict liability (i.e., no showing of “fault” is required) or joint and several liability for costs required to remediate and restore sites where hazardous substances, hydrocarbons or solid wastes have been stored or released. We may be required to remediate contaminated properties currently or formerly owned or operated by us or third-party facilities that received waste generated by our operations regardless of whether such contamination resulted from the conduct of others or from the consequences of our own actions that were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time those actions were taken. Furthermore, the existence of contamination at properties we own, lease or operate could result in increased operational costs or restrictions on our ability to use those properties as intended.

 

In certain instances, citizen groups also have the ability to bring legal proceedings against us if we do not comply with environmental laws or challenge our ability to receive environmental permits that we need to operate. In addition, claims for damages to persons or property, including natural resources, may result from our operations’ environmental, health, and safety impacts. Our insurance may not cover all environmental risks and costs or may not provide sufficient coverage if an environmental claim is made against us. Moreover, public interest in protecting the environment has increased dramatically in recent years. The trend of more expansive and stringent environmental legislation and regulations applied to our industry could continue, resulting in increased costs of doing business and consequently affecting profitability.

 

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Our operations are subject to special hazards that may cause personal injury or property damage, subjecting us to liabilities and possible losses which may not be covered by insurance.

 

Operating hazards inherent in our business, some of which may be outside our control, can cause personal injury and loss of life, damage to or destruction of property, plant and equipment and environmental damage. We maintain insurance coverage in amounts and against the risks we believe are consistent with industry practice, but this insurance may be inadequate or unavailable to cover all losses or liabilities we may incur in our operations. Our insurance policies are subject to varying levels of deductibles. Losses up to our deductible amounts are accrued based upon our estimates of the ultimate liability for claims incurred and an estimate of claims incurred but not reported. However, liabilities subject to insurance are difficult to estimate due to unknown factors, including the severity of an injury, the determination of our liability in proportion to other parties, the number of unreported incidents, and our safety programs’ effectiveness. If we were to experience insurance claims or costs above our estimates, we may be required to use working capital to satisfy these claims rather than using working capital to maintain or expand our operations.

 

We may need to raise additional capital in the future for working capital, capital expenditures and/or acquisitions, and we may not be able to do so on favorable terms or at all, which would impair our ability to operate our business or achieve our growth objectives.

 

Our ongoing ability to generate cash is important for funding our continuing operations, making acquisitions and servicing our indebtedness. To the extent that existing cash balances and cash flow from operations, together with borrowing capacity are insufficient to make investments or acquisitions or provide needed working capital, we may require additional financing from other sources. Our ability to obtain such additional financing in the future will depend in part upon prevailing capital market conditions and conditions in our business and our operating results. Those factors may affect our efforts to arrange additional financing on terms acceptable to us. Furthermore, if global economic, political or other market conditions adversely affect the financial institutions that provide credit to us, it is possible that our ability to draw upon credit facilities may be impacted. If adequate funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to make future investments, take advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities, or respond to competitive challenges, resulting in loss of market share, each of which could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows and liquidity.

 

Failure to maintain safe work sites could result in significant losses, which could materially affect our business and reputation.

 

Because our employees and others are often in close proximity with mechanized equipment, moving vehicles, chemical substances and dangerous manufacturing processes, our construction and maintenance sites are potentially dangerous workplaces. Therefore, safety is a primary focus of our business and is critical to our reputation and performance. Many of our clients require that we meet certain safety criteria to be eligible to bid on contracts, and some of our contract fees or profits are subject to satisfying safety criteria. Unsafe work conditions can also increase employee turnover, which increases project costs and our overall operating costs. If we fail to implement safety procedures or implement ineffective safety procedures, our employees could be injured, and we could be exposed to investigations and possible litigation. Our failure to maintain adequate safety standards through our safety programs could also result in reduced profitability or the loss of projects or clients, and could have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.

 

Our earnings are affected by the application of accounting standards and our critical accounting policies, which involve subjective judgments and estimates by our management. Our actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used to prepare our financial statements.

 

The accounting standards we use in preparing our financial statements are often complex and require that we make significant estimates and assumptions in interpreting and applying those standards. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported values of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. We make critical estimates and assumptions involving accounting matters, including our revenue recognition, accounts receivable including retainage, valuation of long-lived assets, and income taxes. These estimates and assumptions involve matters that are inherently uncertain and require our subjective and complex judgments. If we used different estimates and assumptions or used different ways to determine these estimates, our financial results could differ.

 

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Our actual business and financial results could differ from our estimates of such results, which could have a material negative impact on our financial condition and reported results of operations. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.”

 

The percentage-of-completion method of accounting for contract revenues involves significant estimates that may result in material adjustments, which could result in a charge against our earnings.

 

We recognize revenue using the percentage-of-completion method, based primarily on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs. The percentage-of-completion method (an input method) is the most representative depiction of our performance because it directly measures the value of the services or products transferred to the customer. Subcontractor materials, labor and equipment included in revenue and cost of revenue when management believes that we are acting as a principal rather than as an agent (e.g., we integrate the materials and labor into the deliverables promised to the customer or is otherwise primarily responsible for fulfillment and acceptability of the materials and labor). In the contracts, other than the Original Contract Sum, there is a Variation Order Sum (provisional amounts) included in the same contract in which we are allowed to perform extra work or billed extra materials to fulfill the contracts. We generally accounted for the performance obligation of this Variation Order together with the performance obligation of the original contract as a single deliverable (a single performance obligation). Pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred unless they are expected to be recovered from the client. Project mobilization costs are generally charged to project costs as incurred when they are an integrated part of the performance obligation being transferred to the customer.

 

Accounting for our contract-related revenues and costs and other expenses requires management to make a variety of significant estimates and assumptions. Although we believe we have the experience and processes to formulate appropriate assumptions and produce reasonably dependable estimates, these assumptions and estimates may change significantly in the future and could result in the reversal of previously recognized revenues and profit. Accordingly, such changes could have a material adverse effect on our financial position and results of operations.

 

We are a holding company whose principal source of operating cash is the income received from our subsidiaries.

 

We are dependent on the income generated by our subsidiaries in order to make distributions and dividends on the shares. The amount of distributions and dividends, if any, which may be paid to us from our operating subsidiaries will depend on many factors, including such subsidiaries’ results of operations and financial condition, limits on dividends under applicable law, its constitutional documents, documents governing any indebtedness, and other factors which may be outside our control. If our operating subsidiaries do not generate sufficient cash flow, we may be unable to make distributions and dividends on the shares.

 

Our significant shareholders have considerable influence over our corporate matters.

 

Pui Lung Ho beneficially owns and controls 8,000,000 Ordinary Shares that correspond to 59.70%, respectively on a pre-Offering basis and 53.33%, respectively on a post-Offering basis of our issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares. Mr. Ho holds a controlling interest in us pre-Offering and will hold considerable influence over corporate matters requiring shareholder approval post-Offering, including without limitation, electing directors and approving material mergers, acquisitions or other business combination transactions. This concentrated control will limit your ability to influence corporate matters and could also discourage others from pursuing any potential merger, takeover or other change of control transactions, which could have the effect of depriving the holders of our Ordinary Shares of the opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over the prevailing market price

 

Our significant shareholders may have potential conflicts of interest with us, which may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition.

 

Because our significant shareholders have, either collectively or individually, considerable influence over our corporate matters, their interests may differ from the interests of our company as a whole. These shareholders could, for example, appoint directors and management without the requisite experience, relations or knowledge to steer our company properly because of their affiliations or loyalty, and such actions may materially and adversely affect our business and financial condition. Currently, we do not have any arrangements to address potential conflicts of interest between these shareholders and our company. If we cannot resolve any conflict of interest or dispute between us and the shareholders, we would have to rely on legal proceedings, which could disrupt our business and subject us to substantial uncertainty as to the outcome of any such legal proceedings.

 

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If we fail to promote and maintain our brand effectively and cost-efficiently, our business and results of operations may be harmed.

 

We believe that developing and maintaining awareness of our brand effectively is critical to attracting new and retaining existing customers. Successful promotion of our brand and our ability to attract customers depend largely on the effectiveness of our marketing efforts and the success of the channels we use to promote our services. Our future marketing efforts will likely require us to incur significant additional expenses. These efforts may not result in increased revenues in the immediate future or at all and, even if they do, any increases in revenues may not offset the expenses incurred. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand while incurring substantial expenses, our results of operations and financial condition would be adversely affected, which may impair our ability to grow our business.

 

We may not be able to prevent others from unauthorized use of our intellectual property, which could harm our business and competitive position.

 

We regard our trademarks, copyrights, domain names, know-how, proprietary technologies and similar intellectual property as critical to our success, and we rely on a combination of intellectual property laws and contractual arrangements, including confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements with our employees and others to protect our proprietary rights. We own certain intellectual properties. See “Description of Property — Intellectual Property.” Despite these measures, any of our intellectual property rights could be challenged, invalidated, circumvented or misappropriated, or such intellectual property may not be sufficient to provide us with competitive advantages. In addition, because of the rapid pace of technological change in our industry, parts of our business rely on technologies developed or licensed by third parties, and we may not be able to obtain or continue to obtain licenses and technologies from these third parties on reasonable terms, or at all.

 

It is often difficult to register, maintain and enforce intellectual property rights in China. Statutory laws and regulations are subject to judicial interpretation and enforcement and may not be applied consistently due to the lack of clear guidance on statutory interpretation. Counterparties may breach confidentiality, invention assignment and non-compete agreements, and there may not be adequate remedies available to us for any such breach. Accordingly, we may not be able to effectively protect our intellectual property rights or to enforce our contractual rights in China. Preventing any unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and costly and the steps we take may be inadequate to prevent the misappropriation of our intellectual property. In the event that we resort to litigation to enforce our intellectual property rights, such litigation could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our managerial and financial resources. We cannot assure that we will prevail in such litigation. In addition, our trade secrets may be leaked or otherwise become available to, or be independently discovered by, our competitors. To the extent that our employees or consultants use intellectual property owned by others in their work for us, disputes may arise as to the rights in related know-how and inventions. Any failure in protecting or enforcing our intellectual property rights could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We may be subject to intellectual property infringement claims, which may be expensive to defend and may disrupt our business and operations.

 

We cannot be certain that our operations or any aspects of our business do not or will not infringe upon or otherwise violate trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights held by third parties, especially since we do not manage or control the intellectual property rights of any of our suppliers. We may be from time to time in the future subject to legal proceedings and claims relating to the intellectual property rights of others. In addition, there may be third-party trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights that are infringed by our products, services or other aspects of our business without our awareness. Holders of such intellectual property rights may seek to enforce such intellectual property rights against us in China, the United States or other jurisdictions. If any third-party infringement claims are brought against us, we may be forced to divert management’s time and other resources from our business and operations to defend against these claims, regardless of their merits.

 

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Additionally, the application and interpretation of China’s intellectual property right laws and the procedures and standards for granting trademarks, patents, copyrights, know-how or other intellectual property rights in China are still evolving and are uncertain, and we cannot assure you that PRC courts or regulatory authorities would agree with our analysis. If we were found to have violated the intellectual property rights of others, we may be subject to liability for our infringement activities or may be prohibited from using such intellectual property, and we may incur licensing fees or be forced to develop alternatives of our own. As a result, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

 

We may incur losses or experience disruption of our operations as a result of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of an epidemic, pandemic, social unrest, terrorist attacks, or natural disasters.

 

Our business could be materially and adversely affected by catastrophic events or other business continuity problems, such as natural or man-made disasters, pandemics, social unrest, war, riots, terrorist attacks, or other public safety concerns. If we were to experience a natural or man-made disaster, disruption due to social or political unrest, or disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with which we conduct business, the continuity of our operations will partially depend on the availability of our people and office facilities and the proper functioning of our computer, software, telecommunications, transaction processing, and other related systems. A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses, a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, or a disruption that directly affects our business exposure and operations in HK SAR, could have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Our business could also be adversely affected if our employees are affected by epidemics, pandemics, natural or man-made disasters, disruptions due to social or political unrest or disruption involving electronic communications. In addition, our results of operations could be adversely affected to the extent that any epidemic or pandemic harms the Chinese or global economy in general. The incidence and severity of disasters, epidemics or pandemics or other business continuity problems are unpredictable, and our inability to timely and successfully recover could materially disrupt our businesses and cause material financial loss, regulatory actions, reputational harm, or legal liability.

 

In addition, although the recent outbreak of COVID-19 has caused, and may continue to cause, companies in China and the rest of the world, including us and certain of our business partners, to implement temporary adjustment of work schedules and travel plans, mandating employees to work from home and collaborate remotely. As a result, we may experience lower efficiency and productivity, internally and externally, which may adversely affect our service quality. Moreover, our business operations depend on our professional staff and the continued services of these individuals. If any of our employees is suspected of having contracted COVID-19, we may be required to apply quarantines or suspend our operations. The extent to which this outbreak impacts our results of operations will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and unpredictable, including new information which may emerge concerning the severity of this outbreak and future actions we take, if any, to contain this outbreak or treat its impact, among others.

 

Given the rapidly expanding nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, and because substantially all of our business operations and our workforce are concentrated in China, we believe there is a risk that our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected.

 

The world is experiencing a global pandemic of a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) and its various strains. The pandemic has resulted in quarantines, travel restrictions, and the temporary closure of stores and business facilities globally for most of the past two years. We believe there is a risk that our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected by the continued pandemic. Potential impact to our results of operations will also depend on future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 and the actions taken by government authorities and other entities to contain the COVID-19 or mitigate its impact, almost all of which are beyond our control.

 

The impact of COVID-19 on our business, financial condition, and results of operations includes, but are not limited to, the following:

 

  The closure of our offices and suspension of construction/contracting operations;
  The suspension of all in-person consultations, marketing, and advertising activities; and
  Our results of operations were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the first half year of 2020 and 2022. Under the disease prevention measures and arrangement announced by the HK SAR Government, on-site works were suspended for around 3 months from February through April 2020. During the first half year in 2022, a high amount of people got infected, which led to a shortage of labor in both office support and at the construction sites.

 

Because of the uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak, the business disruption and the related financial impact related to the outbreak of and response to the coronavirus cannot be reasonably estimated at this time.

 

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We believe that our current cash and cash equivalents, proceeds from additional equity and debt financing and our anticipated cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated working capital requirements and capital expenditures for the next 12 months. We may, however, need additional capital in the future to fund our continuing operations. The issuance and sale of additional equity would further dilute our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could result in operating covenants that would restrict our operations. In addition, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared to be a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 10, 2020. Actions taken around the world to help mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 include restrictions on travel, and quarantines in certain areas, and forced closures for certain types of public places and businesses. The COVID-19 and actions taken to mitigate it are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on our planned operations. Such events could result in the complete or partial closure of our offices or operations which could impact our operations. In addition, it could impact economies and financial markets, resulting in an economic downturn that could impact our ability to raise capital or slow down potential business opportunities. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

 

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and the price of the Ordinary Shares.

 

Our revenues and expenses will be denominated predominantly in Hong Kong dollars. The value of the Hong Kong dollar against the U.S. dollar may fluctuate and may be affected by, among other things, changes in political and economic conditions. Although the exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar to the U.S. dollar has been pegged since 1983, we cannot assure you that the Hong Kong dollar will remain pegged to the U.S. dollar.

 

Any significant fluctuations in the exchange rates between Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars may have a material adverse effect on our revenues and financial condition. For example, to the extent that we are required to convert U.S. dollars we receive from this Offering into Hong Kong dollars for our operations, fluctuations in the exchange rates between Hong Kong dollars against the U.S. dollar would have an adverse effect on the amounts we receive from the conversion. We have not used any forward contracts, futures, swaps or currency borrowings to hedge our exposure to foreign currency risk.

 

Increases in labor costs and an ageing labor force may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

In recent years, the economy in HK SAR and globally has experienced general increases in inflation and labor costs. As a result, average wages in HK SAR and certain other regions are expected to increase. In addition, we are required by HK SAR laws and regulations to pay various statutory employee benefits, including mandatory provident fund to designated government agencies for the benefit of our employees. The relevant government agencies may examine whether an employer has made adequate payments to the statutory employee benefits. Those employers who fail to make adequate payments may be subject to fines and other penalties. As a result, we expect that our labor costs, including wages and employee benefits, will continue to increase.

 

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According to the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong, most of the prices of raw materials and workers’ wages have moderately increased over the past six years. In particular, the ageing workforce in the local construction industry has been one of the significant issues and the market demand for experienced workers has remained strong. However, the shortage in skillful workers for both general and special trades in the construction may result in higher expenditure for fitting-out works service providers to retain high-caliber workers in order to ensure timely delivery of fitting-out projects. As a result, recruiting a pool of sufficient labor force while maintaining the business operations economically has become one of the market challenges for fitting-out works contractors.

 

Unless we are able to hire able and skilled workers and control our labor costs or pass on these increasing labor costs, our financial condition, and results of operations may be adversely affected.

 

Our business is susceptible to government policies and macroeconomic conditions.

 

The market growth of construction industry in Hong Kong highly correlates to government policies and macroeconomic environment. Particularly, during economic downturns, due to limited financial budgets, property developers and tenants are more conservative to invest capital resources to renovate their living spaces and select high-end products, such as furniture and marbles imported from overseas. On the other hand, government policies, such as urban renewal and development program and land sales, may affect the availability of land for property

developers to construct and subsequently the demand for fitting-out works in HK SAR may deteriorate. In fact, according to Lands Department, the area of land sales has dropped from approximately 342.6 thousand square meters in 2014 to approximately 149.6 thousand square meters in 2019. As a result, the issue of overreliance on government policies and cyclical nature of construction works may adversely impact the development of fitting-out works market in HK SAR.

 

We may not be able to meet higher customers’ expectation.

 

Attributable to an increasing domestic household income, more people in HK SAR are willing to invest extra to pursue a better living environment and enhance their living standards. As a result, fitting-out service providers may confront with higher customers’ requirements as they may prefer the application of high-quality building materials to create a decent aesthetic decoration around their living spaces. Moreover, as the cost of owning and renting a unit is relatively high in HK SAR, property owners and generally have higher demand for the quality of fitting-out works. Thus, competent service providers are required to demonstrate a variety of capabilities, such as project management and craftsmanship, in order to meet the enhanced requirements from customers and outperform their competitors among this highly competitive market environment. If we are unable to meet such enhanced expectations, our business will be adversely affected.

 

Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis and we must raise additional capital beforehand to fund our operations in order to continue as a going concern. If we are unable to do so or on terms commercially acceptable to us and we are unable to improve our liquidity position, we may be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment.

 

As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $1,624,941 and $1,270,198, and working capital deficit of $518,589 and $894,295 respectively. As the Company has an accumulated deficit and has a working capital deficit, net cash outflows from operating activities, our auditor, WWC, P.C. had raised substantial doubt about our ability to continue as going concern.

 

Management plans to focus its resources on smaller scale engineering projects that generate sustainable positive profit margins. Additionally, the Company plans to raise capital via private placement or public offering in the event that the Company does not have adequate liquidity to meet its current obligations. If we are unable to improve our liquidity position, we may not be able to continue as a going concern, and therefore, be required to realize our assets and discharge our liabilities other than in the normal course of business which could cause investors to suffer the loss of all or a substantial portion of their investment

 

Risks Related to Doing Business in Hong Kong SAR

 

Changes in political, social and economic policies in any of China, the U.S. or Europe may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

Our business operations are primarily conducted in China. Accordingly, we are affected by the economic, political and legal environment in China.

 

In particular, China’s economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the fact that it:

 

  has a high level of government involvement;
     
  is in the early stages of development of a market-oriented economy;
     
  has experienced rapid growth; and
     
  has a tightly controlled foreign exchange policy.

 

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China’s economy has been transitioning from a planned economy towards a more market-oriented economy. However, a substantial portion of productive assets in China remain state-owned and the PRC government exercises a high degree of control over these assets. In addition, the PRC government continues to play a significant role in regulating industrial development by imposing industrial policies. For the past three decades, the PRC government has implemented economic reform measures to emphasize the utilization of market forces in economic development.

 

China’s economy has grown significantly in recent years; however, there can be no assurance that such growth will continue. The PRC government exercises control over China’s economic growth through the allocation of resources, controlling payment of foreign currency-denominated obligations, setting monetary policy and providing preferential treatment to particular industries or companies. Some of these measures benefit the overall economy of China, but may also have a negative effect on our business. For example, our financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected by government control over capital investments or changes in tax regulations that are applicable to us. As such, our future success is, to some extent, dependent on the economic conditions in China, and any significant downturn in market conditions may materially and adversely affect our business prospects, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

HK SAR and China’s legal systems are evolving and have inherent uncertainties that could limit the legal protection available to you.

 

We have virtually all of our operations in HK SAR. In fiscal year 2019, we generated 6% of our revenue from mainland China for referring sub-contractors to a work site in mainland China. Since then, all our revenue has been generated in HK SAR. The HK SAR legal system embodies uncertainties which could limit the legal protections available to you and us.

 

As one of the conditions for the handover of the sovereignty of HK SAR to China, China had to accept some conditions such as HK SAR’s Basic Law before its return. The Basic Law ensured HK SAR will retain its own currency (the Hong Kong Dollar), legal system, parliamentary system and people’s rights and freedom for fifty years from 1997. This agreement had given HK SAR the freedom to function in a high degree of autonomy. The Special Administrative Region of Hong Kong is responsible for its own domestic affairs including, but not limited to, the judiciary and courts of last resort, immigration and customs, public finance, currencies and extradition. Hong Kong continues using the English common law system.

 

Some international observers and human rights organizations have expressed doubts about the future of the relative political freedoms enjoyed in HK SAR and the PRC’s pledge to allow a high degree of autonomy in HK SAR. They considered, for example, that the proposals in Article 23 of the Basic Law in 2003 (which was withdrawn due to mass opposition) might have undermined autonomy. On June 10, 2014, Beijing released a new report asserting its authority over the territory. This ignited criticism from many people in HK SAR, who said that the Communist leadership was reneging on its pledges to abide by the “one country, two systems” policy that allows for a democratic, autonomous HK SAR under Beijing’s rule.

 

If the PRC were to, in fact, renege on its agreement to allow HK SAR to function autonomously, this could potentially impact HK SAR’s common law legal system and may in turn bring about uncertainty in, for example, the enforcement of our contractual rights. This could, in turn, materially and adversely affect our business and operation. Additionally, intellectual property rights and confidentiality protections in HK SAR may not be as effective as in the United States or other countries. Accordingly, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in the HK SAR legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the preemption of local regulations by national laws. These uncertainties could limit the legal protections available to us, including our ability to enforce our agreements with our customers.

 

By contrast, China’s legal system is a civil law system based on written statutes. Unlike common law systems, it is a system in which prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since 1979, the PRC government has promulgated laws and regulations governing economic matters in general, such as foreign investment, corporate organization and governance, commerce, taxation and trade. However, China has not developed a fully integrated legal system. As a result, recently-enacted laws and regulations may not sufficiently cover all aspects of economic activities in China. In particular, because these laws and regulations are relatively new and the limited volume of published cases and their non-binding nature, interpretation and enforcement of these newer laws and regulations involve greater uncertainties than those in jurisdictions available to you. In addition, China’s legal system is based in part on government policies and administrative rules and many have retroactive effects. As a result, we cannot predict the effect of future developments in China’s legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws, or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, or the pre-emption of local regulations by national laws.

 

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Uncertainties in the interpretation and enforcement of Chinese laws and regulations, which could change at any time with little advance notice, could limit the legal protections available to us.

 

The PRC legal system is based on written statutes and prior court decisions have limited value as precedents. Since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules, which could change at any time with little advance notice, are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties.

 

We may have to resort to administrative and court proceedings to enforce our legal rights from time to time. However, since PRC administrative and court authorities have significant discretion in interpreting and implementing statutory and contractual terms, it may be more difficult to evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection we enjoy than in more developed legal systems. Furthermore, the PRC legal system is based partly on government policies and internal rules (some of which are not published in a timely manner or at all) that may have a retroactive effect. As a result, we may not be aware of our violation of these policies and rules until sometime after the violation. Such uncertainties, including uncertainty over the scope and effect of our contractual, property (including intellectual property) and procedural rights, could materially and adversely affect our business and impede our ability to continue our operations.

 

We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding cybersecurity and data protection, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We may become subject to a variety of laws and regulations in the PRC regarding privacy, data security, cybersecurity, and data protection. These laws and regulations are continuously evolving and developing. The scope and interpretation of the laws that are or may be applicable to us are often uncertain and may be conflicting, particularly with respect to foreign laws. In particular, there are numerous laws and regulations regarding privacy and the collection, sharing, use, processing, disclosure, and protection of personal information and other user data. Such laws and regulations often vary in scope, may be subject to differing interpretations, and may be inconsistent among different jurisdictions.

 

We expect to obtain information about various aspects of our operations as well as regarding our employees and third parties. We also maintain information about various aspects of our operations as well as regarding our employees. The integrity and protection of our customer, employee and company data is critical to our business. Our customers and employees expect that we will adequately protect their personal information. We are required by applicable laws to keep strictly confidential the personal information that we collect, and to take adequate security measures to safeguard such information.

 

The PRC Criminal Law, as amended by Amendment 7 (effective on February 28, 2009) and Amendment 9 (effective on November 1, 2015), prohibits institutions, companies and their employees from selling or otherwise illegally disclosing a citizen’s personal information obtained during the course of performing duties or providing services or obtaining such information through theft or other illegal ways. On November 7, 2016, the Standing Committee of the PRC National People’s Congress issued the Cyber Security Law of the PRC, or Cyber Security Law, which became effective on June 1, 2017.

 

Pursuant to the Cyber Security Law, network operators must not, without users’ consent, collect their personal information, and may only collect users’ personal information necessary to provide their services. Providers are also obliged to provide security maintenance for their products and services and shall comply with provisions regarding the protection of personal information as stipulated under the relevant laws and regulations.

 

The Civil Code of the PRC (issued by the PRC National People’s Congress on May 28, 2020 and effective from January 1, 2021) provides main legal basis for privacy and personal information infringement claims under the Chinese civil laws. PRC regulators, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, MIIT, and the Ministry of Public Security have been increasingly focused on regulation in the areas of data security and data protection.

 

The PRC regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity are constantly evolving. For instance, various regulatory bodies in China, including the Cyberspace Administration of China, the Ministry of Public Security and the SAMR, have enforced data privacy and protection laws and regulations with varying and evolving standards and interpretations. In April 2020, the Chinese government promulgated Cybersecurity Review Measures, which came into effect on June 1, 2020. According to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security.

 

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In November 2016, the Standing Committee of China’s National People’s Congress passed China’s first Cybersecurity Law (“CSL”), which became effective in June 2017. The CSL is the first PRC law that systematically lays out the regulatory requirements on cybersecurity and data protection, subjecting many previously under-regulated or unregulated activities in cyberspace to government scrutiny. The legal consequences of violation of the CSL include penalties of warning, confiscation of illegal income, suspension of related business, winding up for rectification, shutting down the websites, and revocation of business license or relevant permits. In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China and certain other PRC regulatory authorities promulgated the Cybersecurity Review Measures, which became effective in June 2020. Pursuant to the Cybersecurity Review Measures, operators of critical information infrastructure must pass a cybersecurity review when purchasing network products and services which do or may affect national security. On November 14, 2021, the Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) issued a revised draft of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review for public comments (“Draft Measures”), which required that, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure,” any “data processor” carrying out data processing activities that affect or may affect national security should also be subject to cybersecurity review, and further elaborated the factors to be considered when assessing the national security risks of the relevant activities, including, among others, (i) the risk of core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being stolen, leaked, destroyed, and illegally used or exited the country; and (ii) the risk of critical information infrastructure, core data, important data or a large amount of personal information being affected, controlled, or maliciously used by foreign governments after listing abroad. The Cyberspace Administration of China has said that under the proposed rules companies holding data on more than 1,000,000 users must now apply for cybersecurity approval when seeking listings in other nations because of the risk that such data and personal information could be “affected, controlled, and maliciously exploited by foreign governments,” The cybersecurity review will also investigate the potential national security risks from overseas IPOs. We do not know what regulations will be adopted or how such regulations will affect us and our listing on Nasdaq. In the event that the Cyberspace Administration of China determines that we are subject to these regulations, we may be subject to fines and penalties. On June 10, 2021, the Standing Committee of the NPC promulgated the PRC Data Security Law, which will take effect on September 1, 2021. The Data Security Law also sets forth the data security protection obligations for entities and individuals handling personal data, including that no entity or individual may acquire such data by stealing or other illegal means, and the collection and use of such data should not exceed the necessary limits The costs of compliance with, and other burdens imposed by, CSL and any other cybersecurity and related laws may limit the use and adoption of our products and services and could have an adverse impact on our business. Further, if the enacted version of the Measures for Cybersecurity Review mandates clearance of cybersecurity review and other specific actions to be completed by companies like us, we face uncertainties as to whether such clearance can be timely obtained, or at all.

 

On January 4, 2022, thirteen PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the CAC, the NDRC, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of State Security, the Ministry of Finance, MOFCOM, SAMR, CSRC, the People’s Bank of China, the National Radio and Television Administration, National Administration of State Secrets Protection and the National Cryptography Administration, jointly adopted and published the Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021), which became effective on February 15, 2022. The Measures for Cybersecurity Review (2021) required that, among others, in addition to “operator of critical information infrastructure” any “operator of network platform” holding personal information of more than one million users which seeks to list in a foreign stock exchange should also be subject to cybersecurity review.

 

We do not expect to be subject to the cybersecurity review by the CAC for this Offering, given that: (i) using our products and services do not require providing users’ personal information; (ii) we possess minimum amount, if not none of personal information in our business operations; (iii) data processed in our business does not have a bearing on national security and thus may not be classified as core or important data by the authorities and (iv) our operations are in HK SAR, a Special Autonomous Region apart from mainland PRC. However, there remains uncertainty as to how the Draft Measures will be interpreted or implemented and whether the PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, may adopt new laws, regulations, rules, or detailed implementation and interpretation related to the Draft Measures. If any such new laws, regulations, rules, or implementation and interpretation comes into effect, we will take all reasonable measures and actions to comply and to minimize the adverse effect of such laws on us.

 

We cannot assure you that PRC regulatory agencies, including the CAC, would take the same view as we do, and there is no assurance that we can fully or timely comply with such laws. In the event that we are subject to any mandatory cybersecurity review and other specific actions required by the CAC, we face uncertainty as to whether any clearance or other required actions can be timely completed, or at all. Given such uncertainty, we may be further required to suspend our relevant business, shut down our website, or face other penalties, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

We believe that we have been in compliance with the data privacy and personal information requirements of the CAC. Neither the CAC nor any other PRC regulatory agency or administration has contacted the Company in connection with the Company’s or its subsidiaries’ operations. The Company is currently not required to obtain regulatory approval from the CAC nor any other PRC authorities for its and its subsidiaries’ operations in HK SAR. Further, the PRC laws or regulations related to data security are not enforceable in HK SAR.

 

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We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding data protection in HK SAR. The Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (Chapter 486 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (the “PDPO”) came into force on 20 December 1996. The PDPO states that any person who controls the collection, holding, processing or use of personal data (the “data user”) shall not do any act, or engage in a practice, that contravenes any of the data protection principles set out in Schedule 1 to the PDPO (the “Data Protection Principles”) unless the act or practice, as the case may be, is required or permitted under the PDPO. Personal data means any data (a) relating directly or indirectly to a living individual; (b) from which it is practicable for the identity of the individual to be directly or indirectly ascertained; and (c) in a form in which access to or processing of the data is practicable.

 

The Data Protection Principles set out that (1) personal data must be collected in a lawful and fair way, for a purpose directly related to a function or activity of the data user. Data subjects must be notified of the purpose for which the data is to be used and the classes of persons to whom the data may be transferred. Data collected should be adequate but not excessive; (2) personal data must be accurate and should not be kept for a period longer than necessary for the fulfillment of the purpose for which the data is or is to be used; (3) personal data must be used for the purpose for which the data is collected or for a directly related purpose unless voluntary and explicit consent with a new purpose is obtained from the data subject; (4) a data user shall take practicable steps to safeguard any personal data held against unauthorized or accidental access, processing, erasure, loss or use; (5) a data user shall take practicable steps to ensure that its policies and practices in relation to personal data, the kind of personal data it holds and the main purposes for which the personal data is or is to be used for are made known to the public; and (6) a data shall be entitled to request access to personal data and must be allowed to correct the personal data if it is inaccurate.

 

Moreover, the Personal Data (Privacy) (Amendment) Ordinance 2021 (the “PDPAO”) came into effect on 8 October 2021. It amends the PDPO, particularly to: (i) criminalize doxing, i.e. unconsented disclosure of personal information of targeted individuals and groups; (ii) introduce a cessation notice regime to tackle doxing with extra-territorial reach; and (iii) substantially expand the investigation and enforcement powers of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data, in contexts beyond doxing.

 

Our directors are of the view that we are not likely to be in breach of the PDPO and the PDPAO, for the following reasons: (i) using our products and services do not require providing users’ personal information and (ii) we possess minimum amount, if not none of the personal information in our business operations. Nonetheless, we are subject to laws and regulations relating to the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, retention, security and transfer of personal information and other data. The interpretation and application of laws, regulations and standards on data protection and privacy are still uncertain and evolving. We cannot assure you that the governmental authorities will not interpret or implement the laws or regulations in ways that negatively affect us. We may be subject to investigations and inspections by government authorities regarding our compliance with laws and regulations on data privacy, and we cannot assure you that our practices will always fully comply with all applicable rules and regulatory requirements. In addition, laws, regulations and standards on data protection and privacy continue to develop and may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Complying with emerging and changing international requirements may cause us to incur substantial costs or require us to change our business practices.

 

The Opinions recently issued by the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council and the New Overseas Listing Rules promulgated by the CSRC may subject us to additional compliance requirements in the future.

 

On February 17, 2023, with the approval of the State Council, the CSRC released the Trial Measures and five supporting guidelines, which will come into effect on March 31, 2023. According to the Trial Measures, (1) domestic companies that seek to offer or list securities overseas, both directly and indirectly, should fulfill the filing procedures and report relevant information to the CSRC; if a domestic company fails to complete the filing procedures or conceals any material fact or falsifies any major content in its filing documents, such domestic company may be subject to administrative penalties, such as order to rectify, warnings, fines, and its controlling shareholders, actual controllers, the person directly in charge and other directly liable persons may also be subject to administrative penalties, such as warnings and fines; (2) if the issuer meets both of the following conditions, the overseas offering and listing shall be determined as an indirect overseas offering and listing by a domestic company: (i) any of the total assets, net assets, revenues or profits of the domestic operating entities of the issuer in the most recent accounting year accounts for more than 50% of the corresponding figure in the issuer’s audited consolidated financial statements for the same period; (ii) its major operational activities are carried out in China or its main places of business are located in China, or the senior managers in charge of operation and management of the issuer are mostly Chinese citizens or are domiciled in China; and (3) where a domestic company seeks to indirectly offer and list securities in an overseas market, the issuer shall designate a major domestic operating entity responsible for all filing procedures with the CSRC, and where an issuer makes an application for an initial public offering in an overseas market, the issuer shall submit filings with the CSRC within three business days after such application is submitted. On the same day, the CSRC also held a press conference for the release of the Trial Measures and issued the Notice on Administration for the Filing of Overseas Offering and Listing by Domestic Companies, which, among others, clarifies that (1) on or prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, domestic companies that have already submitted valid applications for overseas offering and listing but have not obtained approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges may reasonably arrange the timing for submitting their filing applications with the CSRC, and must complete the filing before the completion of their overseas offering and listing; (2) a six-month transition period will be granted to domestic companies which, prior to the effective date of the Trial Measures, have already obtained the approval from overseas regulatory authorities or stock exchanges, but have not completed the indirect overseas listing; if domestic companies fail to complete the overseas listing within such six-month transition period, they shall file with the CSRC according to the requirements; and (3) the CSRC will solicit opinions from relevant regulatory authorities and complete the filing of the overseas listing of companies with contractual arrangements which duly meet the compliance requirements, and support the development and growth of these companies. Based on the foregoing, if we cannot obtain the approvals from the SEC and Nasdaq for this Offering and listing prior to March 31, 2023, the effective date of the Trial Measures, or if we fail to complete this Offering within the six-month transition period after the effective date of the Trial Measures, we will be required to complete necessary filing procedures with the CSRC pursuant to the Trial Measures.

 

On February 24, 2023, the CSRC revised the Archives Rules issued in 2009. The revised Archives Rules will come into effect on March 31, 2023. In the overseas listing activities of domestic companies, domestic companies, as well as securities companies and securities service institutions providing relevant securities services thereof, should establish a sound system of confidentiality and archival work, shall not disclose state secrets, or harm the state and public interests. Where a domestic company provides or publicly discloses to the relevant securities companies, securities service institutions, overseas regulatory authorities and other entities and individuals, or provides or publicly discloses through its overseas listing entity, any document or material involving any state secret or any work secret of any governmental agency, it shall report to the competent authority for approval in accordance with the law, and submit to the secrecy administration department for filing. Securities companies and securities service organizations shall comply with the confidentiality and archive management requirements, and keep the documents and materials properly. Securities companies and securities service institutions that provide domestic enterprises with relevant securities services for overseas issuance and listing of securities shall keep the working papers they compile (such as the records of working plan and procedure, evidence and supporting materials related to the services which are obtained and prepared by the aforementioned service providers) within the territory of the PRC. If such working papers need to be taken abroad, approval shall be obtained in accordance with relevant provisions.

 

The Trial Measures, and the revised Archives Rules, once enacted, do not presently subject us to additional compliance requirements as we are not a “domestic company” and they have no general application in HK SAR because of the Basic Law. However, we cannot assure you that they will not apply to us in the future. If they do eventually apply to us, we cannot assure you that we will be able to get the clearance of filing procedures under the Trial Measures on a timely basis, or at all. Any failure by us to fully comply with new regulatory requirements, including but limited to the failure to complete the filing procedures with the CSRC if required, may significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer or continue to offer our Ordinary Shares, cause significant disruption to our business operations, and severely damage our reputation, which would materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and cause our Ordinary Shares to significantly decline in value or become worthless.

 

We operate in a competitive industry and a highly competitive market. We may be subject to a variety of laws and other obligations regarding competition law in the HK SAR, and any failure to comply with applicable laws and obligations could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We face significant competition in the E&M market due to a large amount of E&M service providers. We may be subject to the Competition Ordinance (Chapter 619 of the Laws of Hong Kong) (“Competition Ordinance”), which came into force on 14 December 2015. It lays down three forms of behavior and imposes three rules which are intended to prevent and discourage anti-competitive conduct: (i) the first conduct rule prohibits agreements between undertakings that have the object or effect of preventing, restricting and distorting competition in Hong Kong; (ii) the second conduct rule prohibits undertakings with a substantial degree of market power in a market from abusing that power by engaging in conduct that has the object or effect of preventing, restricting and distorting competition in Hong Kong; and (iii) the merger rule prohibits mergers that have or are likely to have the effect of substantially lessening competition in Hong Kong. Currently, the merger rule only applies to the telecommunications section and is not applicable to our business.

 

Our directors confirm that we have not adopted any anti-competitive conduct described in the Competition Ordinance and will continue to act in compliance with the Competition Ordinance. However, there may be uncertainties on the full effect of the rules in respect of compliance, infringement, and its effect on our business, in particular when tendering is one of our major means of securing contracts. We may face difficulties and may need to incur legal costs in ensuring our compliance with the rules. We may also inadvertently infringe the Competition Ordinance and under such circumstances, we may be subject to fines and/or other penalties, incur substantial legal costs and may result in business disruption and/or negative media coverage, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and reputation.

 

The recent spate of government interference by the PRC government into business activities of U.S. listed Chinese companies may negatively impact our operations, value of our securities and/or significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer future securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

 

Recently, the Chinese government announced that it would step up supervision of Chinese firms listed offshore. Under the new measures, China will improve regulation of cross-border data flows and security, crack down on illegal activity in the securities market and punish fraudulent securities issuance, market manipulation and insider trading. China will also check sources of funding for securities investment and control leverage ratios. The Cyberspace Administration of China (“CAC”) has also opened a cybersecurity probe into several U.S.-listed tech giants focusing on anti-monopoly, financial technology regulation and more recently, with the passage of the Data Security Law, how companies collect, store, process and transfer data. If we are subject to such a probe or if we are required to comply with stepped-up supervisory requirements, valuable time from our management and money may be expended in complying and/or responding to the probe and requirements, thus diverting valuable resources and attention away from our operations. This may, in turn, negatively impact our operations.

 

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Further, given the Chinese government’s significant oversight and discretion over the conduct of our business operations in HK SAR and China, the Chinese government may intervene or influence our operations at any time, which could result in a material change in our operations and consequently, the value of our Ordinary Shares. The Chinese government could also significantly limit or completely hinder our ability to offer future securities to investors and cause the value of such securities to significantly decline or be worthless.

 

It may be difficult for overseas shareholders and/or regulators to conduct investigation or collect evidence within China.

 

Shareholder claims or regulatory investigation common in the United States are generally difficult to pursue as a matter of law or practicality in China. For example, there are significant legal and other obstacles to providing information needed for regulatory investigations or litigation initiated outside China in China. Although the authorities in China may establish a regulatory cooperation mechanism with the securities regulatory authorities of another country or region to implement cross-border supervision and administration, such cooperation with the securities regulatory authorities in the Unities States may not be efficient in the absence of mutual and practical cooperation mechanism. Furthermore, according to Article 177 of the PRC Securities Law, or Article 177, which became effective in March 2020, no overseas securities regulator is allowed to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within the territory of the PRC. While detailed interpretation of or implementation rules under Article 177 have yet to be promulgated, the inability for an overseas securities regulator, such as the Department of Justice, the SEC, the PCAOB and other authorities, to directly conduct investigation or evidence collection activities within China may further increase difficulties faced by you in protecting your interests.

 

Our principal business operation is conducted in HK SAR. In the event that the U.S. regulators carry out investigation on us and there is a need to conduct investigation or collect evidence within the territory of the PRC, the U.S. regulators may not be able to carry out such investigation or evidence collection directly in the PRC under the PRC laws. However, U.S. regulators may consider cross-border cooperation with securities regulatory authority of the PRC by way of judicial assistance, diplomatic channels or regulatory cooperation mechanism established with the securities regulatory authority of the PRC.

 

Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business in China could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or otherwise harm our business.

 

Our business may be subject to regulation by various governmental agencies in China, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing compliance with various legal obligations, such as value-added telecommunication laws and regulations, privacy and data protection-related laws and regulations, intellectual property laws, employment and labor laws, workplace safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, governmental trade laws, import and export controls, anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, and tax laws and regulations. These regulatory requirements may be more stringent in certain jurisdictions than in China. These laws and regulations may impose added costs on our business. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:

 

  investigations, enforcement actions, and sanctions;
  mandatory changes to our network and products;
  disgorgement of profits, fines, and damages;
  civil and criminal penalties or injunctions;
  claims for damages by our customers or channel partners;
  termination of contracts;
  loss of intellectual property rights;
  failure to obtain, maintain or renew certain licenses, approvals, permits, registrations or filings
  necessary to conduct our operations; and
  temporary or permanent debarment from sales to public service organizations.

 

If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of our management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could materially harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

 

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Additionally, companies in the technology industry have recently experienced increased regulatory scrutiny. Any reviews by regulatory agencies or legislatures may result in similar substantial regulatory fines, changes to our business practices, and other penalties, which could negatively affect our business and results of operations.

 

Changes in social, political, and regulatory conditions or in laws and policies governing a wide range of topics may cause us to change our business practices. Further, our expansion into a variety of new fields also could raise a number of new regulatory issues. These factors could negatively affect our business and results of operations in material ways.

 

Moreover, we are exposed to the risk of misconduct, errors and failure to functions by our management, employees and parties that we collaborate with, who may from time to time be subject to litigation and regulatory investigations and proceedings or otherwise face potential liability and penalties in relation to noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations, which could harm our reputation and business.

 

Our Ordinary Shares may be delisted under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act if the PCAOB is unable to inspect our auditors for three consecutive years beginning in 2021. If the bill passed by the U.S. Senate on June 22, 2021 is passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, this would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act from three years to two. The delisting of our shares, or the threat of their being delisted, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment.

 

The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act (“HFCA Act”) was enacted on December 18, 2020. The HFCA Act states if the SEC determines that a company has filed audit reports issued by a registered public accounting firm that has not been subject to inspection by the PCAOB for three consecutive years beginning in 2021, the SEC shall prohibit the company’s shares from being traded on a national securities exchange or in the over the counter trading market in the U.S.

 

On March 24, 2021, the SEC adopted interim final rules relating to the implementation of certain disclosure and documentation requirements of the HFCA Act. A company will be required to comply with these rules if the SEC identifies it as having a “non-inspection” year under a process to be subsequently established by the SEC. The SEC is assessing how to implement other requirements of the HFCA Act, including the listing and trading prohibition requirements described above.

 

On June 22, 2021, the U.S. Senate passed a bill which, if passed by the U.S. House of Representatives and signed into law, would reduce the number of consecutive non-inspection years required for triggering the prohibitions under the HFCA Act from three years to two years.

 

On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate (“Commission-Identified Issuers”). The final amendments require Commission-Identified Issuers to submit documentation to the SEC establishing that, if true, it is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in the public accounting firm’s foreign jurisdiction. The amendments also require that a Commission-Identified Issuer that is a “foreign issuer,” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 3b-4, provide certain additional disclosures in its annual report for itself and any of its consolidated foreign operating entities. Further, the release provides notice regarding the procedures the SEC has established to identify issuers and to impose trading prohibitions on the securities of certain Commission-Identified Issuers, as required by the HFCAA.

 

The SEC will identify Commission-Identified Issuers for fiscal years beginning after December 18, 2020. A Commission-Identified Issuer will be required to comply with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which it was identified. If a registrant is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer based on its annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the registrant will be required to comply with the submission or disclosure requirements in its annual report filing covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

 

On December 16, 2021, PCAOB announced the PCAOB HFCA Act determinations (the “PCAOB determinations”) relating to the PCAOB’s inability to inspect or investigate completely registered public accounting firms headquartered in mainland China of the PRC or Hong Kong, a Special Administrative Region and dependency of the PRC, because of a position taken by one or more authorities in the PRC or Hong Kong.

 

Our auditor, WWC P.C., the independent registered public accounting firm that issues the audit report included in this prospectus, as an auditor of companies that are traded publicly in the United States and a firm registered with the PCAOB, is subject to laws in the United States pursuant to which the PCAOB conducts regular inspections to assess WWC P.C.’s compliance with applicable professional standards. WWC P.C. is headquartered in San Mateo, CA and has been inspected by the PCAOB on a regular basis, with the last inspection in November 2021. Therefore, we believe that, as of the date of this prospectus, our auditor is not subject to the PCAOB determinations. However, given the recent developments, we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements.

 

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the “SOP Agreement”), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. The SOP Agreement remains unpublished and is subject to further explanation and implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the SOP Agreement disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have sole discretion to select any audit firms for inspection or investigation and the PCAOB inspectors and investigators shall have a right to see all audit documentation without redaction. According to the PCAOB, its December 2021 determinations under the HFCA Act remain in effect. The PCAOB is required to reassess these determinations by the end of 2022. Under the PCAOB’s rules, a reassessment of a determination under the HFCA Act may result in the PCAOB reaffirming, modifying or vacating the PCACOB determinations. However, if the PCAOB continues to be prohibited from conducting complete inspections and investigations of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, the PCAOB is likely to determine by the end of 2022 that positions taken by authorities in the PRC obstructed its ability to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely, then the companies audited by those registered public accounting firms would be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCA Act.

 

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The SEC may propose additional rules or guidance that could impact us if our auditor is not subject to PCAOB inspection. For example, on August 6, 2020, the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, or the PWG, issued the Report on Protecting United States Investors from Significant Risks from Chinese Companies to the then President of the United States. This report recommended the SEC implement five recommendations to address companies from jurisdictions that do not provide the PCAOB with sufficient access to fulfil its statutory mandate. Some of the concepts of these recommendations were implemented with the enactment of the HFCA Act. However, some of the recommendations were more stringent than the HFCA Act. For example, if a company’s auditor was not subject to PCAOB inspection, the report recommended that the transition period before a company would be delisted would end on January 1, 2022.

 

The SEC had announced that the SEC staff was preparing a consolidated proposal for the rules regarding the implementation of the HFCA Act and to address the recommendations in the PWG report. The implications of possible additional regulation in addition to the requirements of the HFCA Act and what was recently adopted on December 2, 2021 are uncertain. Such uncertainty could cause the market price of our ordinary shares to be materially and adversely affected, and our securities could be delisted or prohibited from being traded on the national securities exchange earlier than would be required by the HFCA Act. If our Ordinary Shares are unable to be listed on another securities exchange by then, such a delisting would substantially impair your ability to sell or purchase our Ordinary Shares when you wish to do so, and the risk and uncertainty associated with a potential delisting would have a negative impact on the price of our Ordinary Shares.

 

The recent joint statement by the SEC, proposed rule changes submitted by Nasdaq, and an act passed by the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives, all call for additional and more stringent criteria to be applied to U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in China. These developments could add uncertainties to our future offerings, business operations share price and reputation.

 

U.S. public companies that have substantially all of their operations in HK SAR have been the subject of intense scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity by investors, financial commentators and regulatory agencies, such as the SEC. Much of the scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity has centered on financial and accounting irregularities and mistakes, a lack of effective internal controls over financial accounting, inadequate corporate governance policies or a lack of adherence thereto and, in many cases, allegations of fraud.

 

On December 7, 2018, the SEC and the PCAOB issued a joint statement highlighting the continued challenges faced by the U.S. regulators in their oversight of financial statement audits of U.S.-listed companies with significant operations in HK SAR. On April 21, 2020, SEC Chairman Jay Clayton and PCAOB Chairman William D. Duhnke III, along with other senior SEC staff, released a joint statement highlighting the risks associated with investing in companies based in or have substantial operations in emerging markets including HK SAR, reiterating past SEC and PCAOB statements on matters including the difficulty associated with inspecting accounting firms and audit work papers in HK SAR and higher risks of fraud in emerging markets and the difficulty of bringing and enforcing SEC, Department of Justice and other U.S. regulatory actions, including in instances of fraud, in emerging markets generally.

 

On May 20, 2020, the U.S. Senate passed the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act requiring a foreign company to certify it is not owned or controlled by a foreign government if the PCAOB is unable to audit specified reports because the company uses a foreign auditor not subject to PCAOB inspection. In addition, if the PCAOB is unable to inspect the company’s auditors for three consecutive years, the issuer’s securities are prohibited to trade on a national exchange. On December 2, 2020, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act.

 

On May 21, 2021, Nasdaq filed three proposals with the SEC to (i) apply minimum offering size requirement for companies primarily operating in a “Restrictive Market”, (ii) prohibit Restrictive Market companies from directly listing on Nasdaq Capital Market, and only permit them to list on Nasdaq Global Select or Nasdaq Global Market in connection with a direct listing and (iii) apply additional and more stringent criteria to an applicant or listed company based on the qualifications of the company’s auditors.

 

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On December 2, 2021, the SEC adopted amendments to finalize rules implementing the submission and disclosure requirements in the HFCA Act. The rules apply to registrants the SEC identifies as having filed an annual report with an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that is located in a foreign jurisdiction and that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate (“Commission-Identified Issuers”). The final amendments require Commission-Identified Issuers to submit documentation to the SEC establishing that, if true, it is not owned or controlled by a governmental entity in the public accounting firm’s foreign jurisdiction. The amendments also require that a Commission-Identified Issuer that is a “foreign issuer,” as defined in Exchange Act Rule 3b-4, provide certain additional disclosures in its annual report for itself and any of its consolidated foreign operating entities. Further, the release provides notice regarding the procedures the SEC has established to identify issuers and to impose trading prohibitions on the securities of certain Commission-Identified Issuers, as required by the HFCAA.

 

The SEC will identify Commission-Identified Issuers for fiscal years beginning after December 18, 2020. A Commission-Identified Issuer will be required to comply with the submission and disclosure requirements in the annual report for each year in which it was identified. If a registrant is identified as a Commission-Identified Issuer based on its annual report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the registrant will be required to comply with the submission or disclosure requirements in its annual report filing covering the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

 

On August 26, 2022, the PCAOB announced that it had signed a Statement of Protocol (the “SOP”) with the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the Ministry of Finance of China. The SOP, together with two protocol agreements governing inspections and investigations (together, the “SOP Agreement”), establishes a specific, accountable framework to make possible complete inspections and investigations by the PCAOB of audit firms based in mainland China and Hong Kong, as required under U.S. law. The SOP Agreement remains unpublished and is subject to further explanation and implementation. Pursuant to the fact sheet with respect to the SOP Agreement disclosed by the SEC, the PCAOB shall have sole discretion to select any audit firms for inspection or investigation and the PCAOB inspectors and investigators shall have a right to see all audit documentation without redaction. According to the PCAOB, its December 2021 determinations under the HFCA Act remain in effect. The PCAOB is required to reassess these determinations by the end of 2022. Under the PCAOB’s rules, a reassessment of a determination under the HFCA Act may result in the PCAOB reaffirming, modifying or vacating the PCACOB determinations. However, if the PCAOB continues to be prohibited from conducting complete inspections and investigations of PCAOB-registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong, the PCAOB is likely to determine by the end of 2022 that positions taken by authorities in the PRC obstructed its ability to inspect and investigate registered public accounting firms in mainland China and Hong Kong completely, then the companies audited by those registered public accounting firms would be subject to a trading prohibition on U.S. markets pursuant to the HFCA Act.

 

These recent developments could add uncertainties to our Offering and we cannot assure you whether Nasdaq or regulatory authorities would apply additional and more stringent criteria to us after considering the effectiveness of our auditor’s audit procedures and quality control procedures, adequacy of personnel and training, or sufficiency of resources, geographic reach or experience as it relates to the audit of our financial statements.

 

It remains unclear what further actions the SEC, the PCAOB or Nasdaq will take to address these issues and what impact those actions will have on U.S. companies that have significant operations in China and have securities listed on a U.S. stock exchange (including a national securities exchange or over-the-counter stock market). In addition, the March 2021 interim final amendments and any additional actions, proceedings, or new rules resulting from these efforts to increase U.S. regulatory access to audit information could create some uncertainty for investors, the market price of our ordinary shares could be adversely affected, and we could be delisted if we and our auditor are unable to meet the PCAOB inspection requirement or being required to engage a new audit firm, which would require significant expense and management time.

 

As a result of these scrutiny, criticism and negative publicity, the publicly traded stock of many U.S. listed Chinese companies sharply decreased in value and, in some cases, has become virtually worthless. In addition, many of these companies are now subject to shareholder lawsuits and SEC enforcement actions and are conducting internal and external investigations into the allegations. It is unclear what effect this sector-wide scrutiny, criticism, and negative publicity will have on us, our future offerings, business, and share price. If we become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we will have to expend significant resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend our Company. This situation will be costly and time consuming and distract our management from developing our growth. If such allegations are not proven to be groundless, we and our business operations will be severely affected and you could sustain a significant decline in the value of our shares.

 

Nasdaq may apply additional and more stringent criteria for our continued listing.

 

Nasdaq Listing Rule 5101 provides Nasdaq with broad discretionary authority over the initial and continued listing of securities in Nasdaq and Nasdaq may use such discretion to deny initial listing, apply additional or more stringent criteria for the initial or continued listing of particular securities, or suspend or delist particular securities based on any event, condition, or circumstance that exists or occurs that makes initial or continued listing of the securities on Nasdaq inadvisable or unwarranted in the opinion of Nasdaq, even though the securities meet all enumerated criteria for initial or continued listing on Nasdaq. In addition, Nasdaq has used its discretion to deny initial or continued listing or to apply additional and more stringent criteria in the instances, including but not limited to where the company engaged an auditor that has not been subject to an inspection by PCAOB, an auditor that PCAOB cannot inspect, or an auditor that has not demonstrated sufficient resources, geographic reach, or experience to adequately perform the company’s audit; (ii) where a company planned a small public offering, which would result in insiders holding a large portion of the company’s listed securities. Nasdaq was concerned that an offering size was insufficient to establish the company’s initial valuation, and there would not be sufficient liquidity to support a public market for the company; and (iii) where the company did not demonstrate sufficient nexus to the U.S. capital market, including having no U.S. shareholders, operations, or members of the board of directors or management. For the any aforementioned concerns, we may be subject to the additional and more stringent criteria of Nasdaq for our continued listing, which might cause delay or even denial of our listing application for our Ordinary Shares.

 

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Risks Related to Our Initial Public Offering and Ownership of Our Ordinary Shares

 

We will incur additional costs as a result of becoming a public company, which could negatively impact our net income and liquidity.

 

Upon completion of this Offering, we will become a public company in the United States. As a public company, we will incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. In addition, Sarbanes-Oxley and rules and regulations implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Nasdaq require significantly heightened corporate governance practices for public companies. As a result, we expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs and make many corporate activities more time-consuming and costly.

 

We do not expect to incur materially greater costs as a result of becoming a public company than those incurred by similarly sized U.S. public companies. If we fail to comply with these rules and regulations, we could become the subject of a governmental enforcement action, investors may lose confidence in us and the market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline.

 

As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses that we did not incur as a private company. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Nasdaq impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. As a company with less than US$1.07 billion in net revenues for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other generally applicable requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting and permission to delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies.

 

We expect these rules and regulations to increase our legal and financial compliance costs and to make some corporate activities more time-consuming and costly. After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance. We may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

 

In the past, shareholders of a public company often brought securities class action suits against the company following periods of instability in the market price of that company’s securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations, which could harm our results of operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

The obligation to disclose information publicly may put us at a disadvantage to competitors that are private companies.

 

Upon completion of this Offering, we will be a publicly listed company in the United States. As a publicly listed company, we will be required to file periodic reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the occurrence of matters that are material to our company and shareholders. In some cases, we will need to disclose material agreements or results of financial operations that we would not be required to disclose if we were a private company. Our competitors may have access to this information, which would otherwise be confidential. This may give them advantages in competing with our company. Similarly, as a U.S.-listed public company, we will be governed by U.S. laws that our competitors, mostly private Chinese companies, are not required to follow. To the extent compliance with U.S. laws increases our expenses or decreases our competitiveness against such companies, our public listing could affect our results of operations.

 

We are a “foreign private issuer” and a British Virgin Islands company and our disclosure obligations differ from those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. As a result, we may not provide you the same information as U.S. domestic reporting companies or we may provide information at different times, which may make it more difficult for you to evaluate our performance and prospects.

 

We are a foreign private issuer and, as a result, we are not subject to the same requirements as U.S. domestic issuers. Under the Exchange Act, we will be subject to reporting obligations that, to some extent, are more lenient and less frequent than those of U.S. domestic reporting companies. For example, we will not be required to issue quarterly reports or proxy statements. In addition, we will not be required to disclose detailed individual executive compensation information. Furthermore, our directors and executive officers will not be required to report equity holdings under Section 16 of the Exchange Act and will not be subject to the insider short swing profit disclosure and recovery regime.

 

 

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As a foreign private issuer, we will also be exempt from the requirements of Regulation FD (Fair Disclosure) which, generally, are meant to ensure that select groups of investors are not privy to specific information about an issuer before other investors. However, we will still be subject to the anti-fraud and anti-manipulation rules of the SEC, such as Rule 10b-5 under the Exchange Act. Since many of the disclosure obligations imposed on us as a foreign private issuer differ from those imposed on U.S. domestic reporting companies, you should not expect to receive the same information about us and at the same time as the information provided by U.S. domestic reporting companies.

 

The information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely as compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers.

 

As a British Virgin Islands company listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance listing standards. However, Nasdaq Capital Market rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the British Virgin Islands, which is deemed our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance listing standards. For example:

 

  our independent directors do not need to hold regularly scheduled meetings in executive session (rather, all board members may attend all meetings of the board of directors);
     
  the compensation of our executive officers is recommended but not determined by an independent committee of the board or by the independent members of the board of directors; and our Chief Executive Officer is not prevented from being present in the deliberations concerning his compensation;
     
  related party transactions are not required to be reviewed and we are not required to solicit member approval of stock plans, including: those in which our officers or directors may participate; stock issuances that will result in a change in control; the issuance of our stock in related party acquisitions or other acquisitions in which we may issue 20% or more of our outstanding shares; or, below market issuances of 20% or more of our outstanding shares to any person; and
     
  we are not required to hold an in-person annual meeting to elect directors and transact other business customarily conducted at an annual meeting (rather, we complete these actions by written consent of holders of a majority of our voting securities).

 

Although we do not currently plan to utilize the home country exemption for corporate governance matters, to the extent that we choose to do so in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under the Nasdaq Capital Market corporate governance listing standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information, which would be made available to you, were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

 

Please refer to “Material Differences in BVI Law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association and Delaware Law” on page 110.

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” and we cannot be certain if the reduced reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Ordinary Shares less attractive to investors.

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act. For as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies, including not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years, although we could lose that status sooner if our revenues exceed $1 billion, if we issue more than $1 billion in non-convertible debt in a three-year period, or if the market value of our shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of any December 31 before that time, in which case we would no longer be an emerging growth company as of the following December 31. We cannot predict if investors will find our Ordinary Shares less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our shares and our stock price may be more volatile.

 

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail our company of this exemption from new or revised accounting standards. Therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

 

We are a “controlled company” defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future and you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

 

We expect that our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Pui Lung Ho will own a majority of our ordinary shares following the Offering and continue to be a controlled company pursuant to “controlled company” defined under the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. Accordingly, we will be a controlled company under the applicable Nasdaq listing standards. For so long as we are a controlled company under that definition, we are permitted to elect to rely, and may rely, on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules, including:

 

  an exemption from the rule that a majority of our board of directors must be independent directors;
  an exemption from the rule that the compensation of our chief executive officer must be determined or recommended solely by independent directors; and
  an exemption from the rule that our director nominees must be selected or recommended solely by independent directors.

 

As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements.

 

Although we do not intend to rely on the “controlled company” exemption under the Nasdaq listing rules, we could elect to rely on this exemption in the future. If we elected to rely on the “controlled company” exemption, a majority of the members of our board of directors might not be independent directors and our nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees might not consist entirely of independent directors upon closing of the Offering. Our status as a controlled company could cause our Ordinary Shares to look less attractive to certain investors or otherwise harm our trading price. As a result, the investors will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. Please see “Risk Factors – Our significant shareholders have considerable influence over our corporate matters.”

 

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The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources and divert management’s attention.

 

As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act, the listing requirements of the securities exchange on which we list, and other applicable securities rules and regulations. Despite recent reforms made possible by the JOBS Act, compliance with these rules and regulations will nonetheless increase our legal and financial compliance costs, make some activities more difficult, time-consuming or costly and increase demand on our systems and resources, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” The Exchange Act requires, among other things, that we file annual, quarterly, and current reports with respect to our business and operating results.

 

As a result of disclosure of information in this prospectus and in filings required of a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which we believe may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by competitors and other third parties. If such claims are successful, our business and operating results could be harmed, and even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business, brand and reputation and results of operations.

 

We also expect that being a public company and these new rules and regulations will make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain coverage. These factors could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified members of our board of directors, particularly to serve on our audit committee and compensation committee, and qualified executive officers.

 

The market price of our Ordinary Shares may be volatile or may decline regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.

 

The initial public offering price for our Ordinary Shares will be determined through negotiations between the Underwriter and us and may vary from the market price of our Ordinary Shares following our initial public offering. If you purchase our Ordinary Shares in our initial public offering, you may not be able to resell those Ordinary Shares at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that our Ordinary Shares’ initial public offering price, or the market price following our initial public offering, will equal or exceed prices in privately negotiated transactions of our Ordinary Shares that have occurred from time to time prior to our initial public offering. The market price of our Ordinary Shares may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

  actual or anticipated fluctuations in our revenue and other operating results;
  the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;

 

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  actions of securities analysts who initiate or maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;
  announcements by us or our competitors of significant products or features, technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;
  price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole;
  lawsuits threatened or filed against us; and
  other events or factors, including those resulting from war or incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.

 

In addition, the trading price of our Ordinary Shares is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, akin to the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other companies with business operations located mainly in HK SAR or the People’s Republic of China that have listed their securities in the United States. A number of Chinese companies have listed or are in the process of listing their securities on U.S. stock markets. The securities of some of these companies have experienced significant volatility, including price declines in connection with their initial public offerings. The trading performances of these Chinese companies’ securities after their offerings may affect the perception and attitudes of investors toward Chinese companies listed in the United States in general and consequently may impact the trading performance of our shares, regardless of our actual operating performance.

 

Future issuances or sales, or perceived issuances or sales, of substantial amounts of Ordinary Shares in the public market could materially and adversely affect the prevailing market price of the Ordinary Shares and our ability to raise capital in the future.

 

The market price of our Ordinary Shares could decline as a result of future sales of substantial amounts of shares or other securities relating to the shares in the public market, including by the Company’s substantial shareholders, or the issuance of new shares by the Company, or the perception that such sales or issuances may occur. Future sales, or perceived sales, of substantial amounts of the shares could also materially and adversely affect our ability to raise capital in the future at a time and at a price favorable to us, and our shareholders will experience dilution in their holdings upon our issuance or sale of additional securities in the future. In addition, these factors could make it more difficult for us to raise funds through future offerings of our Ordinary Shares. A few shareholders hold a significant portion of our Ordinary Shares and these are “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144. These Ordinary Shares may be sold in the future without registration under the Securities Act to the extent permitted by Rule 144 or other exemptions under the Securities Act.

 

We have broad discretion in the use of the net proceeds from our initial public offering and may not use them effectively.

 

To the extent (i) we raise more money than required for the purposes explained in the section titled “Use of Proceeds” or (ii) we determine that the proposed uses set forth in that section are no longer in the best interests of our Company, we cannot specify with any certainty the particular uses of such net proceeds that we will receive from our initial public offering. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of such net proceeds, including working capital, possible acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes, and we may spend or invest these proceeds in a way with which our shareholders disagree. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could harm our business and financial condition. Pending their use, we may invest the net proceeds from our initial public offering in a manner that does not produce income or that loses value.

 

Future financing may cause a dilution in your shareholding or place restrictions on our operations.

 

We may need to raise additional funds in the future to finance further expansion of our capacity and business relating to our existing operations, acquisitions or strategic partnerships. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of new equity or equity-linked securities of the Company other than on a pro rata basis to existing shareholders, the percentage ownership of such shareholders in the Company may be reduced, and such new securities may confer rights and privileges that take priority over those conferred by the shares. Alternatively, if we meet such funding requirements by way of additional debt financing, we may have restrictions placed on us through such debt financing arrangements which may:

 

  further limit our ability to pay dividends or require us to seek consents for the payment of dividends;
     
  increase our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
     
  require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to service our debt, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow to fund capital expenditure, working capital requirements and other general corporate needs; and
     
  limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business and our industry.

 

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There may not be an active, liquid trading market for our Ordinary Shares.

 

There is no active trading market for our Ordinary Shares. An active trading market for our Ordinary Shares may not develop or be sustained. You may not be able to sell your Ordinary Shares at the market price, if at all, if trading in our Ordinary Shares is not active.

 

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

 

The initial public offering price of our Ordinary Shares is substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Ordinary Shares. Assuming the completion of the Offering, if you purchase Ordinary Shares in this Offering, you will incur immediate dilution of approximately $0.02 or approximately 25% in the pro forma net tangible book value per share from the price per share that you pay for the shares. Accordingly, if you purchase shares in this Offering, you will incur immediate and substantial dilution of your investment. See “Dilution.”

 

Our internal controls over financial reporting may not be effective and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to certify as to their effectiveness, which could have a significant and adverse effect on our business and reputation.

 

Prior to this Offering, we are a private company with limited accounting personnel and other resources to address our internal controls and procedures. Accordingly, we will be in a continuing process of developing, establishing, and maintaining internal controls and procedures that will allow our management to report on, and our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, our internal controls over financial reporting if and when required to do so under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Although our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until the date we are no longer an emerging growth company, our management will be required to report on our internal controls over financial reporting under Section 404.

 

In order to address and resolve the foregoing material weakness, we will implement measures designed to improve our internal control over financial reporting to remediate this material weakness, including hiring outside financial personnel with requisite training and experience in the preparation of financial statements in compliance with applicable Securities and Exchange Commission requirements within six months from the completion of our Offering. We have budgeted $500,000 from the Offering proceeds to improve our internal controls.

 

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You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing original actions in British Virgin Islands or HK SAR based on U.S. or other foreign laws against us, our management or the experts named in the prospectus

 

Although we are a BVI incorporated company, we conduct substantially all of our operations in HK SAR and substantially all of our assets are located in HK SAR. In addition, a majority of our directors and executive officers reside within HK SAR, and most of the assets of these persons are located within HK SAR. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these individuals, or to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the British Virgin Islands and of the HK SAR may render you unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers.

 

HK SAR is a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China. A foreign judgment can be registered and enforced in HK SAR either under the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal Enforcement) Ordinance (Cap. 319) (the “Ordinance”) or at common law. Registration of a foreign judgment under the Ordinance can be made by an ex parte application with the local court but this avenue is limited to judgments entered in designated jurisdictions, which currently include: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Brunei, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, and Singapore and Sri Lanka. An action to enforce a foreign judgment at common law is a comparatively cumbersome process. It is in essence an independent suit in Hong Kong and the judgment creditor must follow normally applicable service procedures. Judgments entered in the United States and the United Kingdom can be enforced in HK SAR only at common law. To be eligible for common-law recognition, the judgment must (1) be for a definite sum of money; (2) be final and conclusive; and (3) have been entered by a court with competent jurisdiction over the defendant. With respect to finality, a HK SAR court will generally refrain from enforcing a judgment during the pendency of an appeal. This raises the possibility of undue delay and asset dissipation. With respect to the requirement of competent jurisdiction of the foreign judgment seeking to be enforced in HK SAR, it is governed by private international law as interpreted in HK SAR, not the law of the foreign forum. Jurisdiction can generally be asserted on the basis of the defendant’s physical presence in the foreign forum, appearance in the underlying legal proceeding or prior contractual consent to jurisdiction. Under the common law and the Ordinance, only limited defenses on the grounds such as fraud, due process and HK SAR public policy can be raised against a duly registered foreign judgment. There is no mechanism for reconsideration of the merits of the underlying foreign litigation.

 

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited, because we are incorporated under British Virgin Islands law.

 

We are incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and conduct substantially all of our operations in HK SAR through our wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary. Most of our directors and substantially all of our executive officers reside outside the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for our shareholders to effect service on these persons or bring an action against us or against these individuals in the British Virgin Islands or in HK SAR in the event that they believe that their rights have been infringed under the securities laws of the United States or otherwise. Even if shareholders are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the British Virgin Islands and HK SAR may render them unable to enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and officers. There is no statutory recognition in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the United States or HK SAR, although the courts of the British Virgin Islands will in certain circumstances recognize and enforce a non-penal judgment of a foreign court of competent jurisdiction without retrial on the merits.

 

Our corporate affairs will be governed by our Amended Memorandum and Articles, the BVI Act and the common law of the British Virgin Islands. The rights of shareholders to take legal action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the British Virgin Islands and by the BVI Act. The common law of the British Virgin Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the British Virgin Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the British Virgin Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under British Virgin Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedents in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the British Virgin Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States, and some states (such as Delaware) have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law. As a result of the foregoing, holders of our Ordinary Shares may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against our management, directors or major shareholders than they would as shareholders of a U.S. company and whose management, directors and/or major shareholders were also incorporated, resident, or otherwise established in a United States jurisdiction.

 

A member of the Company is entitled, on giving written notice to the Company, to inspect (a) the memorandum and articles of association of the Company; (b) the register of members; (c) the register of directors; and (d) the minutes of meetings and resolutions of members and of those classes of members of which he is a member; and to make copies of or take extracts from the documents and records. Subject to the memorandum and articles of association, the directors may, if they are satisfied that it would be contrary to the Company’s interests to allow a member to inspect any document, or part of a document, specified in (b), (c) and (d) above, refuse to permit the member to inspect the document or limit the inspection of the document, including limiting the making of copies or the taking of extracts from the records. Where a company fails or refuses to permit a member to inspect a document or permits a member to inspect a document subject to limitations, that member may apply to the BVI High Court for an order that he should be permitted to inspect the document or to inspect the document without limitation. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

 

Certain corporate governance practices in the British Virgin Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice with respect to corporate governance matters, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

 

As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant differences between the provisions the BVI Act and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see “DESCRIPTION OF ORDINARY SHARES - Material Differences in BVI Law and our Memorandum and Articles of Association and Delaware Law”.

 

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As a result of the foregoing, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests through actions against us, our management, our directors or our major shareholders than would shareholders of a corporation incorporated in a jurisdiction in the United States.

 

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the Exchange Act”), and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to U.S. domestic public companies.

 

Because we qualify as a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers, including:

 

  the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing with the SEC of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K;
     
  the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act;
     
  the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time;
     
  the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD; and
     
  certain audit committee independence requirements in Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

 

It may be difficult to enforce a judgment of U.S. courts for civil liabilities under U.S. federal securities laws against us, our directors or officers in the British Virgin Islands.

 

There is no statutory enforcement in the British Virgin Islands of judgments obtained in the U.S., however, the courts of the British Virgin Islands will in certain circumstances recognize such a foreign judgment and treat it as a cause of action in itself which may be sued upon as a debt at common law so that no retrial of the issues would be necessary, provided that:

 

  the U.S. court issuing the judgment had jurisdiction in the matter and the company either submitted to such jurisdiction or was resident or carrying on business within such jurisdiction and was duly served with process;
     
  the judgment is final and for a liquidated sum;
     
  the judgment given by the U.S. court was not in respect of penalties, taxes, fines or similar fiscal or revenue obligations of the company;
     
  in obtaining judgment there was no fraud on the part of the person in whose favor judgment was given or on the part of the court;
     
  recognition or enforcement of the judgment in the British Virgin Islands would not be contrary to public policy; and
     
  the proceedings pursuant to which judgment was obtained were not contrary to natural justice.
     
  The British Virgin Islands courts are unlikely:
     
  to recognize or enforce against the Company, judgments of courts of the U.S. predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S.; and
     
  to impose liabilities against the Company, predicated upon the certain civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. so far as the liabilities imposed by those provisions are penal in nature.

 

We employ a mail forwarding service, which may delay or disrupt our ability to receive mail in a timely manner.

 

Mail addressed to the Company and received at its registered office will be forwarded unopened to the forwarding address supplied by Company to be dealt with. None of the Company, its directors, officers, advisors or service providers (including the organization which provides registered office services in the BVI) will bear any responsibility for any delay howsoever caused in mail reaching the forwarding address.

 

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We could become a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could subject United States investors in our shares to significant adverse United States income tax consequences.

 

We will be a “passive foreign investment company,” or “PFIC,” if, in any particular taxable year, either (a) 75% or more of our gross income for such year consists of certain types of “passive” income or (b) 50% or more of the average quarterly value of our assets (as determined on the basis of fair market value) during such year produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”). In determining whether we are a PFIC, we are permitted to take into account the assets and income of Wang & Lee Contracting Limited because we own 100% of its stock. However, even if we take into account the assets and income of Wang & Lee Contracting Limited, we may still be considered a PFIC in 2022 and possibly later years, depending on a number of factors, including the composition of our income and assets, how quickly we use our liquid assets, including the cash raised pursuant to this Offering (if we determine not to, or are unable to, deploy significant amounts of cash for active purposes our risk of being a PFIC will substantially increase), the market price of our Ordinary Shares, and fluctuations in that price. Because there are uncertainties in the application of the relevant rules and PFIC status is a factual determination made annually after the close of each taxable year, there can be no assurance that we will not be a PFIC for 2022 or any future taxable year. See the discussion of the PFIC rules under “TAXATION – United States Federal Income Taxation” below.

 

If we are a PFIC in any taxable year, a U.S. holder may incur significantly increased United States income tax on gain recognized on the sale or other disposition of the Ordinary Shares and on the receipt of distributions on the Ordinary Shares to the extent such gain or distribution is treated as an “excess distribution” under the United States federal income tax rules. A U.S. holder may also be subject to burdensome reporting requirements. Further, if we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares, we generally will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to that U.S. Holder for all succeeding years during which such U.S. holder holds our Ordinary Shares. See the discussion of the PFIC rules under “TAXATION – United States Federal Income Taxation” below.

 

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Because we do not expect to pay dividends in the foreseeable future after this Offering, you must rely on price appreciation of the Ordinary Shares for return on your investment.

 

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this Offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. See “Dividend Policy.” Therefore, you should not rely on an investment in the Ordinary Shares as a source for any future dividend income.

 

Our board of directors has complete discretion as to whether to distribute dividends. In addition, our shareholders may by ordinary resolution declare a dividend, but no dividend may exceed the amount recommended by our board of directors. In either case, all dividends are subject to certain restrictions under British Virgin Islands law and provided that in no circumstances may a dividend be paid if this would result in our Company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due or having the value of the Company’s liabilities exceed the value of the Company’s assets. Even if we decide to declare and pay dividends, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on, among other things, our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the Ordinary Shares will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of the Ordinary Shares. There is no guarantee that the Ordinary Shares will appreciate in value after this Offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the Ordinary Shares. You may not realize a return on your investment in the Ordinary Shares and you may even lose your entire investment in the Ordinary Shares.

 

We are subject to changing law and regulations regarding regulatory matters, corporate governance and public disclosure that have increased both our costs and the risk of non-compliance.

 

We are subject to rules and regulations by various governing bodies, including, for example, the Securities and Exchange Commission, which are charged with the protection of investors and the oversight of companies whose securities are publicly traded, and to new and evolving regulatory measures under applicable law, including the laws of the British Virgin Islands. Our efforts to comply with new and changing laws and regulations have resulted in and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities.

 

Moreover, because these laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance becomes available. This evolution may result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and additional costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to our disclosure and governance practices. If we fail to address and comply with these regulations and any subsequent changes, we may be subject to penalty and our business may be harmed.

 

We may experience extreme stock price volatility, including any stock-run up, unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects, making it difficult for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Ordinary Shares.

 

In addition to the risks addressed above, our Ordinary Shares may be subject to extreme volatility that is seemingly unrelated to the underlying performance of our business. In particular, our Ordinary Shares may be subject to rapid and substantial price volatility, low volumes of trades and large spreads in bid and ask prices, given that we will have relatively small public floats after this Offering. Such volatility, including any stock-run up, may be unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance, financial condition or prospects. 

 

Holders of our Ordinary Shares may also not be able to readily liquidate their investment or may be forced to sell at depressed prices due to low volume trading. Broad market fluctuations and general economic and political conditions may also adversely affect the market price of our Ordinary Shares. As a result of this volatility, investors may experience losses on their investment in our Ordinary Shares. Furthermore, the potential extreme volatility may confuse the public investors of the value of our stock, distort the market perception of our stock price and our company’s financial performance and public image, negatively affect the long-term liquidity of our Ordinary Shares, regardless of our actual or expected operating performance. If we encounter such volatility, including any rapid stock price increases and declines seemingly unrelated to our actual or expected operating performance and financial condition or prospects, it will likely make it difficult and confusing for prospective investors to assess the rapidly changing value of our Ordinary Shares and understand the value thereof.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds from the sale of Ordinary Shares of approximately up to $6,011,801, based upon an assumed Offering Price of $5.00 per share, and after deducting estimated underwriting fees and commissions and estimated Offering expenses.

 

Each $0.25 increase (decrease) in the assumed Offering Price of $5.00 per share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this Offering by $1,104,000, assuming the number of Ordinary Shares offered, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting fees and commissions.

 

The primary purposes of this Offering are to create a public market for our Ordinary Shares for the benefit of all shareholders, retain talented employees by providing them with equity incentives and obtain additional capital.

 

We intend to use the net proceeds of this Offering as follows:

 

  40% to be used for general working capital, included the budgeted $500,000 for the hiring of financial personnel with requisite training and experience in the preparation of financial statements in compliance with applicable Securities and Exchange Commission requirements to shore up our internal controls;
  7% to be used for development of maintenance services and setting up a new workshop, which is a work area for testing and integrating a MVAC system with a building management system (“BMS”) control panel. This testing and integration require special brand new machinery such as a drilling machine, welding machine and measurement instruments to be purchased from suppliers and not any affiliates of the Company. Additionally the Company plans to use part of the proceeds to furnish the workshop and hire a specialist in MVAC BMS. We intend to purchase an entire 3,000 sq ft level in a factory building at its current location and furnished it for this workshop. We estimate HK$1 million (US$129,032) for the acquisition of new machinery and HK$1.5 million (US$193,548) for the other furnishings such as office equipment and furniture.;
  4% to be used for development of Extra Low Voltage (“ELV”) business;
  25% to be used for development of Cloud Building Management System for energy saving
  24% to be used for purchases of properties

 

The precise amounts and percentage of proceeds we would devote to particular categories of activity will depend on prevailing market and business conditions as well as particular opportunities that may arise from time to time. This expected use of our net proceeds from this Offering represents our intentions based upon our current plans and business conditions, which could change in the future as our plans and business conditions evolve. The amounts and timing of our actual expenditures may vary significantly depending on numerous factors, including any unforeseen cash needs. Similarly, the priority of our prospective uses of proceeds will depend on business and market conditions are they develop. Accordingly, our management will have significant flexibility and broad discretion in applying the net proceeds of the Offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this Offering differently than as described in this prospectus.

 

Pending any use of proceeds described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds from this Offering in short-term, interest-bearing, debt instruments or demand deposits.

 

Although we may use a portion of the proceeds for the acquisition of, or investment in, companies, technologies, products or assets that complement our business, we have no present understandings, commitments or agreements to enter into any acquisitions or make any investments. We cannot assure you that we will make any acquisitions or investments in the future.

 

DIVIDEND POLICY

 

We currently intend to retain most, if not all, of our available funds and any future earnings after this Offering to fund the development and growth of our business. As a result, we do not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

 

The holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to dividends out of funds legally available when and as declared by our board of directors. Our board of directors has never declared a dividend and does not anticipate declaring a dividend in the foreseeable future. Should we decide in the future to pay dividends, as a holding company, our ability to do so and meet other obligations depends upon the receipt of dividends or other payments from our operating subsidiaries and other holdings and investments. In addition, our operating subsidiaries may, from time to time, be subject to restrictions on their ability to make distributions to us, including as a result of restrictive covenants in loan agreements, restrictions on the conversion of local currency into U.S. dollars or other hard currency and other regulatory restrictions. In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, holders of our Ordinary Shares are entitled to receive, ratably, the net assets available to shareholders after payment of all creditors.

 

Subject to the BVI Act and our Amended Memorandum and Articles, our directors may, by resolution, declare dividends at a time and amount as they think fit if they are satisfied, based on reasonable grounds, that, immediately after distribution of the dividend, the value of our assets will exceed our liabilities and we will be able to pay our debts as they fall due. There is no further BVI law restriction on the amount of funds which may be distributed by us by dividend, including all amounts paid by way of the subscription price for Ordinary Shares regardless of whether such amounts may be wholly or partially treated as share capital or share premium under certain accounting principles. Shareholder approval is not (except as otherwise provided in our Amended Memorandum and Articles) required to pay dividends under BVI law. In accordance with, and subject to, our Amended Memorandum and Articles, no dividend shall bear interest as against the Company (except as otherwise provided in our Amended Memorandum and Articles).

 

47

 

 

If we determine to pay dividends on any of our Ordinary Shares in the future, as a holding company, we will be dependent on receipt of funds from our BVI subsidiary, WANG & LEE HOLDINGS, Inc. and our Hong Kong subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED. There are no taxes on dividend income in HK SAR and the British Virgin Islands.

 

EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

 

Our reporting currency is the Hong Kong dollars because our business is mainly conducted in HK SAR and most of our revenues are denominated in Hong Kong dollars. This prospectus contains translations of Hong Kong dollars and Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The conversion of Hong Kong dollars into U.S. dollars is based on the exchange rates set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Unless otherwise noted, all translations from Hong Kong dollars to U.S. dollars and from U.S. dollars to Hong Kong dollars in this prospectus were made at a rate of HK$7.75 to US$1.00, the rates in effect as of November 3, 2022.

 

We make no representation that any Hong Kong dollars or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Hong Kong dollars, as the case may be, at any particular rate, the rates stated below, or at all. The Hong Kong dollar is freely convertible into other currencies (including U.S. dollar). Since October 7, 1983, the Hong Kong dollar has been officially linked to U.S. dollar at the rate of HK$7.80 to US$1.00. The link is supported by an agreement between Hong Kong’s three bank note-issuing banks and the Hong Kong government pursuant to which bank notes issued by such banks are backed by certificates of indebtedness purchased by such banks from the Hong Kong Government Exchange Fund with U.S. dollar at the fixed exchange rate of HK$7.80 to US$1.00 and held as cover for the bank notes issue. When bank notes are withdrawn from circulation, the issuing bank surrenders certificates of indebtedness to the Hong Kong Government Exchange Fund and is paid the equivalent amount in U.S. dollars at the fixed rate of exchange. Hong Kong’s three bank note-issuing banks are The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, Standard Chartered Bank and Bank of China (Hong Kong) Limited. In May 2005, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority broadened the link from the original rate of HK$7.80 per US$1.00 to a rate range of HK$7.75 to HK$7.85 per US$1.00. No assurance can be given that the Hong Kong government will maintain the link at HK$7.75 to HK$7.85 per US$1.00 or at all.

 

On December 31, 2021, the exchange rate for Hong Kong dollars was HK$7.7996 to US$1.00.

 

The following tables set forth information concerning exchange rates between the Hong Kong dollar and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated. These rates are provided solely for your convenience and are not necessarily the exchange rates that we used in this prospectus or will use in the preparation of our periodic reports or any other information to be provided to you.

 

   Certified Exchange Rate 
Period  Period End   Average(1)   Low   High 
  (HK$ per US$1.00) 
2017   7.8128    7.7950    7.7540    7.8267 
2018   7.8305    7.8376    7.8043    7.8499 
2019   7.7894    7.8335    7.7850    7.8499 
2020   7.7534    7.7562    7.7498    7.7951 
2021                    
January   7.7531    7.7533    7.7517    7.7555 
February   7.7567    7.7529    7.7515    7.7567 
March   7.7746    7.7651    7.7562    7.7746 
April   7.7664    7.7691    7.7596    7.7849 
May   7.7610    7.7654    7.7608    7.7697 
June   7.7658    7.7617    7.7566    7.7666 
July   7.7723    7.7705    7.7651    7.7837 
August   7.7779    7.7834    7.7735    7.7925 
September   7.7850    7.7807    7.7708    7.7877 
October   7.7790    7.7793    7.7725    7.7871 
November   7.7967    7.7896    7.7819    7.7993 
December   7.7996    7.7990    7.7914    7.8034 
2022                    

January   7.7971       7.7917       7.7850       7.8001  
February   7.8137       7.7992       7.7894       7.8137  
March   7.8325       7.8228       7.8127       7.8325  
April     7.8465       7.84139       7.8340       7.8476  
May     7.8468       7.84896       7.8468       7.8499  
June     7.8472       7.84803       7.8446       7.8499  
July     7.8498       7.84897       7.8461       7.8499  
August     7.8482       7.8489       7.8461       7.8497  
September     7.8497       7.8490       7.8470       7.8499  
October     7.8489       7.8492       7.8482       7.8497  
November     7.8110       7.8301       7.8081       7.8498  
December     7.7990       7.8019       7.7911       7.8127  

 

Source: Federal Reserve Statistical Release

 

Note:

 

(1) Annual averages are calculated by using the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the relevant year. Monthly averages are calculated by using the average of the daily rates during the relevant month.

 

   For the six months ended
June 30
   For the years ended
December 31,
 
   2022   2021   2022   2021   2020 
Period Ended HK$: USD exchange rate   7.8481    7.7649    7.7990    7.7971    7.7525 
Period Average HK$: USD exchange rate   7.8254    7.7610    7.8298    7.7723    7.7558 

 

48

 

 

We make no representation that any HK$ could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars at any particular rate, or at all. We do not currently engage in currency hedging transactions.

 

SELECTED HISTORICAL FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA

 

The following table presents our selected historical financial data for the periods presented and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the financial statement and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

The following selected consolidated financial and operating data for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, have been derived from our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

   June 30,
2022
   December 31, 2021 
         
Total assets  $1,941,095   $2,419,592 
Total liabilities   3,436,271    3,536,026 
           
Deficit   (1,495,176)   (1,116,434)

 

The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and fiscal year ended December 31, 2021.

 

   For the six months ended June 30, 2022   For the year ended
December 31, 2021
 
         
Contract revenue  $1,250,104   $4,135,059 
Contract costs   (872,177)   (3,275,299)
GROSS PROFIT   377,927    859,760 
           
General and administrative expenses   (761,402)   (1,220,619)
Other income (expenses)   3    6,116 
Provision for income taxes   -    - 
           
Net Profit (loss)   (383,472)   (354,743)
Foreign currency translation adjustment   4,730    4,053)
           
Total comprehensive income (loss)   (378,742)   (350,690 

 

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CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of June 30,2022:

 

  On an actual basis; and
     
  On a pro forma basis to give effect to the sale of up to 1,600,000 Ordinary Shares by us in this Offering at the assumed Offering Price of $5.00 per share, after deducting the estimated underwriting commissions and estimated Offering expenses.

 

You should read this table in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and “Use of Proceeds” and “Description of Ordinary Shares.” You should read this table in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and “Use of Proceeds” and “Description of Ordinary Shares.”

 

As of June 30,2022

 

   As Reported   Pro Forma for the Offering 
Ordinary Shares  $2   $6,011,803 
           
Additional Paid-In Capital  $503,225   $503,225 
           
Accumulated Deficit  $2,008,413   $2,008,413 
           
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income  $10,010   $10,010 
Total (Deficit) Equity  $(1,495,176)  $4,516,625 
           
Total long-term debt  $698,145   $698,145 
Total Capitalization  $(797,031)  $5,214,770 

 

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DILUTION

 

If you invest in our Ordinary Shares, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the Offering Price per Ordinary Shares and the pro forma net tangible book value per Ordinary Shares after the Offering. Our net tangible book value as of June 30, 2022 was $(1,495,176), or $(0.11) per share. Our net tangible book value per share set forth below represents our total tangible assets less total liabilities, divided by the number of our Ordinary Shares outstanding before the Offering. Our pro forma net tangible book value per share set forth below represents our total tangible assets (as adjusted to account for the net proceeds of the Offering) less total liabilities, divided by the number of our Ordinary Shares outstanding after the Offering (using the assumed Offering Price of $5 per Ordinary Share).

 

Dilution to you as the investor results from the fact that the per Ordinary Share Offering Price is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per Ordinary Shares attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding Ordinary Shares. After giving effect to our issuance and sale of 1,600,000 Ordinary Shares in this Offering at an assumed Offering Price of $5.00 per share, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and offering expenses payable by us, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of June 30, 2022 would have been $4,516,625, or $0.30 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value to existing shareholders of $0.41 per share. The Offering Price per share will significantly exceed the net tangible book value per share. Accordingly, new investors who purchase shares in this Offering will suffer an immediate dilution of their investment of $4.69 per share. The following table illustrates this per share dilution to the new investors purchasing shares in this Offering:

 

    Offering  
Assumed Offering Price per Ordinary Share   $ 5.00  
Net tangible book value per Ordinary Shares as of December 31, 2021   $ (0.11 )
Increase per Ordinary Shares attributable to this Offering   $ 0.41  
Pro forma net tangible book value per Ordinary Shares after the Offering   $ 0.30  
Dilution per Ordinary Share to new investors   $ 4.69  

 

Reconciliation on the net tangible book value per Ordinary Share

 

   As of
June 30, 2022
   After Offering 
Total assets   1,941,095    1,941,095 
Total liabilities   (3,436,271)   (3, 436,271) 
Net Proceeds from Offering   -    6,011,801 
Net tangible book value   (1,495,176)   4,516,625 
Number of Ordinary Share   13,400,000    15,000,000 
Net tangible book value per Ordinary Share   (0.11)   0.30 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed Offering Price of $5.00 per share would increase (decrease) the pro forma net tangible book value by $1,472,000, the pro forma net tangible book value per share after this Offering by $0.39 per share and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors in this Offering by $4.60 per share, assuming that the number of Ordinary Shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting fees and commissions and Offering expenses payable by us.

 

The following chart illustrates our pro forma proportionate ownership, upon completion of this Offering by present shareholders and investors in this Offering, compared to the relative amounts paid by each. The charts reflect payment by present shareholders as of the date the consideration was received and by investors in this Offering at the assumed Offering Price without deduction of commissions or expenses. The charts further assume no changes in net tangible book value other than those resulting from the Offering.

 

   Shares Purchased   Total Consideration   Average Price 
   Amount (#)   Percent (%)   Amount (#)   Percent (%)   Per Share ($) 
Existing shareholders   13,400,000    89.3%   2    1%   0 
New investors   1,600,000    10.7%   16,000,000    99%   5 
Total   15,000,000    100%   16,000,002    100%   1 

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read together with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and other financial information, which are included elsewhere in this registration statement. Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). In addition, our financial statements and the financial information included in this registration statement reflect our organizational transactions and have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in place throughout the relevant periods.

 

This section contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to various factors, risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in these forward-looking statements. Further, as a result of these factors, risks and uncertainties, the forward-looking events may not occur. Relevant factors, risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this registration statement. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s beliefs and opinions as of the date of this registration statement. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Overview

 

We are a British Virgin Islands company incorporated on May 20, 2021, as a holding company of our business, which is primarily operated through our indirectly wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED.

 

We are, through our indirectly wholly-owned HK SAR subsidiary, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED, a construction contractor engaging in Electrical & Mechanical System (“E&M”), includes low voltage (220v/phase 1 or 380v/phase 3) electrical system, mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning system, fire service system, water supply and sewage disposal system installation and fitting out for the public and private sectors. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED has mainly undertaken projects that are related to the supply, installation and maintenance of the following systems:

 

  Low voltage (220v/phase 1 or 380v/phase 3) electrical systems, which refer to the power supply to all building equipment and services, such as lighting, air-conditioning and elevator etc.;
  mechanical ventilation and air-conditioning systems (“MVAC”);
  fitting out for commercial buildings and offices; and
  other E&M systems such as fire services, which includes fire prevention, detection, suppression and extinguishing systems and plumbing and drainage systems.

 

WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED is also able to provide design and contracting services to all trades in the construction industry. Our clients range from small startups to large companies.

 

All of WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED’s projects for fiscal years 2021 and 2020 were predominantly in the private sector. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED provides a wide range of large site construction services to private construction customers, including commercial and residential developers and local businesses. Its recent projects include two well-known theme parks in HK SAR – Ocean Park and Hong Kong Disneyland, where it carried out various low voltage electrical work for the theme parks, such as installation of emergency power supply system, lighting, etc. WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED competes for private construction projects primarily on the basis of the breadth of our service capabilities and our reputation for quality. We believe WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED is well-positioned to capitalize on the strong momentum in commercial and residential private construction sectors driven by population and economic expansion in HK SAR.

 

52

 

 

WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED’s primary market is in the E&M market in HKSAR (“market” or “local market”) which, in turn is broken down into low voltage electrical system, MVAC, fire services, plumbing and fitting out works. Supported by its local market presence and knowledge, as well as scale advantages attributable to its vertical integration, geographic reach and strong financial profile, we believe we are a significant player in each of E&M markets in HK SAR that we serve. For all but the very largest projects, WANG & LEE CONTRACTING LIMITED competes primarily against HK SAR firms that have similar qualifications and experience. By virtue of this locally driven competitive dynamic, competition in our industry is characterized by relative market share, which we define as the percentage of jobs we win in a local market compared to the jobs we bid in a local market. We average a bid/win rate of 28-43% compared to the highest average bid/win rate of one of our competitors of 48% (Source: https://www.emsd.gov.hk/minisites/voice/en/special_issue2015/p2.html)

 

GOING CONCERN

 

As of December 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of US$1,270,198, and working capital deficit of US$894,295. These circumstances gave rise to substantial doubt that we would continue as a going concern subsequent to December 31, 2020.

 

As of December 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of US$1,624,941, and working capital deficit of US$518,589 and its net cash used in operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was US$482,801; accordingly, as of the date of this report, there still exist substantial doubt that we will continue as going concern. Management plans to focus its resources on smaller scale engineering projects that generate sustainable positive profit margins. Although the cash turnover and revenue generated from smaller scale engineering projects may not be as large as large-scale engineering projects, the turnover for smaller scale projects averages 27 days compared to 43 days for and large-scale engineering projects. The higher cash liquidity generated from smaller scale engineering projects helps us manage our day-to-day operation needs and makes up any deficiency from cash being tied up with larger scale projects. This strategy has helped improved our working capital since 2019.

 

Additionally, the Company plans to raise capital via private placement or public offering (which includes this Offering) in the event that the Company does not have adequate liquidity to meet its current obligations.

 

The accompanying audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming we will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. These audited consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recovery of the recorded assets or the classification of the liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.

 

How We Assess Performance of Our Business

 

Revenues

 

We derive our revenues predominantly by providing construction and contracting services for both public and private projects, with an emphasis on electrical, air-conditioning installation and ventilation, plumbing and fire service projects. Our projects represent a mix of government and private customers. Revenues derived from projects are recognized on the percentage-of-completion basis, measured by the relationship of total cost incurred to total estimated contract costs.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit represents revenues less contracts costs. Contract costs consist of all direct and indirect costs on construction contracts, including materials, labor, equipment costs, subcontract costs and other expenses. Our contract costs are directly affected by fluctuations in prices of materials especially if we were to undertake procurement responsibilities as well. We have sought to limit our exposure to fluctuations in material prices by entering into preferred pricing contracts with some of our suppliers.

 

Depreciation and Amortization

 

We carry plant and equipment on our balance sheet at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation on plant and equipment are computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Amortization expense is the periodic expense related to leasehold improvements. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the life of the underlying asset or the remaining lease term.

 

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General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and personnel costs for our administration, accounting, legal, information systems, human resources and certain managerial employees. Additional expenses include audit, consulting and professional fees, travel, insurance, office space rental costs and other corporate and overhead expenses.

 

Interest Expense, net

 

Interest expense, net primarily represents interest incurred on the bank loans, line of credit and partly for loan from a related party, Sau Lee Shirley Kam, who is a family member of a director of the Company.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the audited consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Management makes these estimates using the best information available when the calculations are made; however, actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

 

The following are the key assumptions concerning the future, and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the end of the reporting period, that may have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

 

Estimated outcome E&M services engineering contracts and contract assets

 

We recognize revenue using the percentage-of-completion method, based primarily on contract costs incurred to date compared to total estimated contract costs. The percentage-of-completion method (an input method) is the most representative depiction of our performance because it directly measures the value of the services or products transferred to the customer. Subcontractor materials, labor and equipment included in revenue and cost of revenue when management believes that we are acting as a principal rather than as an agent (e.g., we integrate the materials and labor into the deliverables promised to the customer or is otherwise primarily responsible for fulfillment and acceptability of the materials and labor). In the contracts, other than the Original Contract Sum, there is a Variation Order Sum (provisional amounts) included in the same contract in which we are allowed to performance extra work or billed extra materials in order to fulfil the contracts. We generally accounted for the performance obligation of this Variation Order together with the performance obligation of the original contract as a single deliverable (a single performance obligation). Pre-contract costs are expensed as incurred unless they are expected to be recovered from the client. Project mobilization costs are generally charged to project costs as incurred when they are an integrated part of the performance obligation being transferred to the customer.

 

The management’s estimate of revenue and the completion status of contract works requires significant judgement and has a significant impact on the amount and timing of revenue recognized. The E&M services engineering works performed by us would also be certified by the customers or external surveyors periodically according to the construction contracts. We regularly review and revise the estimation of contract revenue prepared for each contract as the contract progresses based on the internal contract progress reports.

 

Impairment assessment of trade receivables and contract assets

 

The management estimates the amount of lifetime ECL of trade receivables and contract assets based on provision matrix through grouping of various debtors that have similar credit risk characteristics based on nature and industry of debtors. Internal credit rating has been given to each category of debtors after considering aging, historical observed default rates, repayment history and past due status of respective trade receivables. Estimated loss rates are based on probability of default and loss given default with reference to an external credit report and are adjusted for forward-looking information that is reasonable and supportable available without undue cost or effort. In addition, trade receivables and contract assets that are credit-impaired are assessed for ECL individually. The credit loss allowance amount of the credit-impaired trade receivables and contract assets is measured as the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows with the consideration of expected future credit losses. At every reporting date, the historical observed default rates are reassessed and changes in the forward-looking information are considered.

 

Exchange rates

 

This prospectus contains translations of certain HK$ amounts into U.S. dollar amounts at specified rates solely for the convenience of the reader. The relevant exchange rates are listed below:

 

   For the six months ended June 30   For the years ended
December 31,
   Other Period 
   2022   2021   2021   2020     
Period Ended HK$: USD exchange rate   7.8481    7.7649    7.7971    7.7525    7.75 
Period Average HK$: USD exchange rate   7.8254    7.7610    7.7723    7.7558    7.75 

 

Other Key Performance Indicators

 

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin

 

Adjusted EBITDA represents net income before interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA Margin represents Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenues for each period. These metrics are supplemental measures of our operating performance that are neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. These measures should not be considered as an alternative to net income, or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP as an indicator of our operating performance. We present Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin as management uses these measures as key performance indicators, and we believe they are measures frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other parties to evaluate companies in our industry. These measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as substitutes for analysis of our results as reported under GAAP.

 

Our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin may not be comparable to similarly named measures reported by other companies. Potential differences between our measure of Adjusted EBITDA compared to other similar companies’ measures of Adjusted EBITDA may include differences in capital structures, tax positions and the age and book depreciation of intangible and tangible assets.

 

The following table presents a reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA, and the calculation of Adjusted EBITDA Margin for each of the periods presented.

 

Reconciliation To GAAP Information

 

    For the six months ended
June 30,
   For the years ended December 31, 
    2022    2021   2021   2020 
                   
Consolidated Net (Loss) Income (GAAP)   US$(383,472)   US$117,180   US$(354,743)  US$278,018 
Interest expenses    13,935     4,832    13,312    49,229 
Income taxes    -     -    -    5,544 
Depreciation    1,302     1,817    3,629    6,196 
                       
Adjusted EBIDA (Non-GAAP)   US$(368,235)   US$123,829   US$(337,802)  US$338,987 
                       
Adjusted EBITDA Margin    (29.46)%    6.19%   (8.17)%   8.32%

 

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Results of Operations

 

For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

 

   For the six months ended June 30, 
   2022   2021 
         
Contract revenue  US$ 1,250,104   US$ 2,000,687 
Contract costs    (872,177)    (1,579,049)
GROSS PROFIT    377,927     421,638 
             
Less: General and administrative expenses    (761,402)    (313,608)
             
OPERATING (LOSS) INCOME  US$ (383,475)  US$ 108,030 

 

Contract Revenue

 

The following table lists the calculation methods of gross profit and gross profit margin of each type of revenue:

 

  

For the six months ended

June 30,

   Changes 
   2022   2021   Amount   % 
Low Voltage Electrical System                       
Contract revenue  US$ 817,928   US$ 968,345   US$ (150,417)   (16)
Contract costs    (777,391)    (768,208)    (9,183)   1 
Gross profit    40,537     200,137     (159,600)   (80)
Gross profit margin    5%    21%    106%   513 
                        
MVAC System                       
Contract revenue  US$ -   US$ 124,832   US$ (124,832)   (100)
Contract costs    -     (64,910)    64,910    (100)
Gross profit    -     59,922     (59,922)   (100)
Gross profit margin    0%    48%    48%   100 
                        
Fitting Out                       
Contract revenue  US$ 279,013   US$ 821,416   US$ (542,403)   (66)
Contract costs    (31,018)    (689,115)    658,097    (95)
Gross profit    247,995     132,301     115,694    87 
Gross profit margin    89%    16%    (21)%   (132)
                        
Other E&M system                       
Contract revenue  US$ 153,163   US$ 86,094   US$ 67,069    78 
Contract costs    (63,768)    (56,816)    (6,952)   12 
Gross profit    89,395     29,278     60,117    205 
Gross profit margin    58%    34%    90%   264 
                        
Total                       
Contract revenue  US$ 1,250,104   US$ 2,000,687   US$ (750,583)   (38)
Contract costs    (872,177)    (1,579,049)    706,872    (45)
Gross profit    377,927     421,638     (43,711)   (10)
Gross profit margin    30%    21%    6%   28 

 

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Our contract revenues were US$1,250,104 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to US$2,000,687 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of US$750,583, or 38%. Many of our major construction projects were close to completion, and accordingly, our revenue recognition for these projects was either recognized in stages or delayed pending the issuance of a certificate of completion. In the meantime, we have been engaged a few major construction projects by the end of the first half of 2022, and we expect that there will be significant growth in revenue in the second half of 2022.

 

Contract Costs

 

Contract costs primarily consist of subcontract costs, materials costs, labor, equipment costs, and other direct costs incurred to perform customer contracts. We incurred contract costs of US$872,177 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to US$1,579,049 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of US$706,872, or 45%. The decrease was mostly due to various major projects being in completion status and relying only on internal labor that is billed on a monthly basis.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit was US$377,927 for the six-months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to US$421,638 for the same period in 2021, a decrease of US$43,711, or 10%. The overall increase in gross margin from 21% for the six months ended June 30, 2021 to 30% for the six months ended June 30,2022 was due to the following: (1) the cost at the beginning and at the completion stages were comparatively lower when compared to the cost once site work commences, and (2) there were no revenue and cost under the MVAC segment, which has high fixed costs and lower gross profit margins.

 

There have been significant changes year-over-year in certain segments of our business, especially in segments involving less manpower but higher materials cost, such as installations of MVAC systems and plumbing systems (a subset of “Other E&M system”). Due to major projects being either in the completion stage or at the very beginning stage, most of the construction work was focused on Low Voltage Electrical System installation, E&M inspection, and site design and drafting. Our material costs were recognized based on delivery dates, but labor costs were recognized in stages during the projects. Also, completion status inspection work, early stage site design and drafting were performed by our fixed monthly salary engineering team. Accordingly, there was no MVAC work but fixed costs for Low Voltage Electrical System installation and fitting out.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

We incurred general and administrative expenses of US$761,402 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to US$313,608 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of US$447,794, or 143%. The increase was mainly a result of costs from our listing activities including professional fees and staff overtime costs. 

 

Operating Loss (Income)

 

We incurred an operating loss of US$383,475 for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to an operating income of US$108,030 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, a decrease of US$491,505, or 455%. The decrease of operating income was mainly a result of increased costs attribute to our proposed public offering.

 

For the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020

 

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years ended December, 2021, and 2020. The historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

 

    For the years ended December 31,  
    2021     2020  
             
Contract revenue   US$ 4,135,059     US$ 4,074,258  
Contract costs     (3,275,299 )     (3,339,093 )
GROSS PROFIT     859,760       735,165  
                 
Less: General and administrative expenses     (1,220,619 )     (592,539 )
                 
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS)   US$ (360,859 )   US$ 142,626  

  

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Contract Revenue

 

The following table lists the calculation methods of gross profit and gross profit margin of each type of revenue:

 

    For the years ended December 31,     Changes  
    2021     2020     Amount     %  
Low Voltage Electrical System                                
Contract revenue   US$ 2,628,625     US$ 2,293,206     US$ 335,419       15  
Contract costs     (2,235,698 )     (1,729,720 )     (505,978 )     29  
Gross profit     392,927       563,486       (170,559     (30
Gross profit margin     15 %     25 %     (10 )%     (39
                                 
MVAC System                                
Contract revenue   US$ 299,985     US$ 862,290     US$ (562,305 )     (65 )
Contract costs     (262,322 )     (1,026,326 )     764,004       (74 )
Gross profit     37,663       (164,036 )     201,699