UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON D.C. 20549
FORM
For
the Quarterly Period Ended
OR
For the transition period from _______ to ________.
Commission
file number:
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
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Indicate
by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
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Indicate
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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, and emerging growth company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | |
| ☒ | Smaller Reporting Company | |||
| Emerging Growth Company |
If
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As of March 15, 2024, there were shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.
TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended January 31, 2024
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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.
CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS
| January 31, 2024 | October 31, 2023 | |||||||
| (unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current assets: | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | $ | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other receivables | ||||||||
| Total current assets | ||||||||
| Oil and gas properties - not subject to amortization | ||||||||
| Total assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Asset retirement obligations – current | ||||||||
| Convertible note, net of discounts | ||||||||
| Due to operators | ||||||||
| Total current liabilities | ||||||||
| Long-term liabilities: | ||||||||
| Payable to related party | ||||||||
| Asset retirement obligations, net of current portion | ||||||||
| Total liabilities | ||||||||
| Commitments and Contingencies (Note 7) | ||||||||
| Stockholders’ Equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, $ par value; shares authorized; -- shares issued and outstanding at January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, respectively | ||||||||
| Common stock, $ par value; shares authorized; and shares issued and outstanding as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, respectively | ||||||||
| Stock subscription receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total stockholders’ equity | ||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
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TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended | ||||||||
| January 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | ||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||
| Exploration expense | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | ||||||||
| Accretion expense | ||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | ||||||||
| Loss From Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other Expenses: | ||||||||
| Interest expense | ||||||||
| Loss on note conversion | ||||||||
| Licenses and fees | ||||||||
| Total other expenses | ||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Provision for income taxes | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share | ||||||||
| Basic | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Diluted | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Weighted Average Number of Common Shares | ||||||||
| Basic | ||||||||
| Diluted | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
| 4 |
TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended January 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Stock Subscription | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Receivable | Capital | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at November 1, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock in repayment of convertible note | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of equity warrants in connection with convertible note | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended January 31, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Stock | Stock Subscription | Additional Paid-in | Accumulated | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares | Amount | Receivable | Capital | Deficit | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at November 1, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for cash, net | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | - | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at January 31, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
| 5 |
TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.
CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended January 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Net loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: | ||||||||
| Issuance of common stock for services | ||||||||
| Issuance of equity warrants connected to convertible note | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accretion expense | ||||||||
| Conversion of convertible note payments into common stock | ||||||||
| Debt discounts – convertible note | ( | ) | ||||||
| Amortization of debt discounts | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other receivables | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Other capital expenditures for unproved oil and gas properties | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payable to related party | ||||||||
| Due to operators | ||||||||
| Net cash used in investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net | ||||||||
| Payment of convertible note | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payment for debt issuance costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Payment for deferred offering costs | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from convertible note | ||||||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| NET CHANGE IN CASH | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash - Beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash - End of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION: | ||||||||
| Non-cash investing and financing activities: | ||||||||
| Issuance of warrants | $ | $ | ||||||
| Issuance of RSUs | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed financial statements.
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TRIO PETROLEUM CORP.
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JANUARY 31, 2024
NOTE 1 – NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS
Company Organization
Trio
Petroleum Corp. (“Trio Petroleum” or the “Company”) is an oil and gas exploration and development company headquartered
in Bakersfield, California, with operations in Monterey County, California and Uintah County, Utah. The Company was incorporated on July
19, 2021, under the laws of Delaware to acquire, fund and develop oil exploration and production assets, initially in California; it
has no revenue-generating operations as of the date of this filing. The Company was formed to acquire Trio Petroleum LLC’s (“Trio
LLC”) approximate
Acquisition of South Salinas Project
On
September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“Trio LLC PSA”) with Trio LLC to acquire an
Initial Public Offering
The
Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering
was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”).
The Company sold shares of its common stock for total gross proceeds of $
Additional Acquisitions - McCool Ranch Oil Field & Asphalt Ridge Leasehold
In
October 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
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NOTE 2 –SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Amounts presented in the balance sheet as of October 31, 2023 are derived from our audited financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed financial statements as of and for the three month periods ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the interim reporting rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2024. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments (unless otherwise indicated), necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents
The
Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents.
The Company had
Prepaid Expenses
Prepaid
expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of January
31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the balances of the prepaids account were $
Debt Issuance Costs
Costs
incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized
over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company recorded
$
| 8 |
Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs – Successful Efforts
The Company is in the exploration stage and has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.
Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties
Unproved oil and natural gas properties have unproved lease acquisition costs, which are capitalized until the lease expires or otherwise until the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time the Company charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023; see further discussion in Note 5.
Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties.
Asset Retirement Obligations
ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the SSP acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the SSP acquisition in future exploration, production and/or disposal (i.e., disposal of produced water or CO2 by injection) activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.
| 9 |
Components of the changes in ARO are shown below:
| ARO, ending balance – October 31, 2023 | $ | |||
| Accretion expense | ||||
| ARO, ending balance – January 31, 2024 | ||||
| Less: ARO – current | ||||
| ARO, net of current portion – January 31, 2024 | $ |
Related Parties
Related
parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under
common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate
families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls
or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might
be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021,
the Company acquired an
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.
For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
Fair Value Measurements
The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.
| 10 |
| Level 1: | Quoted prices are available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. |
| Level 2: | Pricing inputs are other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reported date. Level 2 includes those financial instruments that are valued using models or other valuation methodologies. |
| Level 3: | Pricing inputs include significant inputs that are generally less observable from objective sources. These inputs may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement for nonrecurring fair value measurements of long-lived assets include pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques. |
There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.
The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.
The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 – Property, Plant and Equipment, exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
Environmental Expenditures
The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degrees by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.
Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.
NOTE 3 – GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS
As
of January 31, 2024, the Company had $
| 11 |
The
accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern over the
next twelve months from the date of issuance of these condensed financial statements, which assumes the realization of assets and the
satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $
Accordingly, the accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
NOTE 4 – INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
The
Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering
was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”).
The Company sold shares of common stock at a public offering price of $ per share for gross proceeds of $
NOTE 5 – OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES
The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.
| As of January 31, 2024 | As of October 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Oil and gas properties – not subject to amortization | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accumulated impairment | ||||||||
| Oil and gas properties – not subject to amortization, net | $ | $ | ||||||
During
the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred aggregated exploration costs of $
| 12 |
Leases
South Salinas Project
As
of January 31, 2024, the Company holds interests in various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see
Note 7); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers
The
second lease covers
During
February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project
with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers
McCool Ranch Oil Field
In
October 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a
Optioned Assets – Old Man Prospect
In
October 2023, the Company and Lantos Energy entered into an option agreement, whereby the Company has the option to pay two initial payments
of $
Optioned Assets – Asphalt Ridge Leasehold Acquisition & Development Option Agreement
On
November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“ARLO Agreement”) with
Heavy Sweet Oil (“HSO”) for a term of nine months for a % production share in HOS’s leases and
| 13 |
On
December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the ARLO Agreement, whereby the Company funded $
NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
South Salinas Project – Related Party
The
Company was originally formed to acquire Trio LLC’s working interest in the South Salinas Project, and subsequently partner with
certain members of Trio LLC’s management to develop and operate those assets (see Note 1 and Note 5). Trio LLC operates the South
Salinas Project on behalf of the Company, and as operator, conducts and has full control of the operations within the constraints of
the Joint Operating Agreement, and acts in the capacity of an independent contractor. Trio LLC currently holds a
McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase – Related Party
On
October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of
a
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) issued to Directors
On
September 2, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate shares of its $ par common stock to four outside directors with a fair
value of $ per share for a grant date value of $
Restricted Shares issued to Executives and Employees
In February 2022, the Company entered into employee agreements with Frank Ingriselli (former Chief Executive Officer) and Greg Overholtzer (Chief Financial Officer or “CFO”) which, among other things, provided for the grant of restricted shares in the amounts of and , respectively, pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest over a two-year period, under which % will vest upon the earlier of three months after the IPO or six months after the grant date. After this date, the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022 (see Note 7), these shares will be recorded as of that date at a fair value of $ per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability (see Note 10). As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded restricted shares at a fair value of $, and for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $ and $, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $ as of January 31, 2024.
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In
May 2023, the Company entered into six employee agreements which, among other things, provided for the grant of an aggregate of
restricted shares pursuant to the Plan. Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares
vest as follows: % of the shares will vest five months after the issuance date, after which the remainder vest in equal tranches every
six months until fully vested. The shares were recorded on the date of issuance at a fair value of $ per share for an aggregate fair
value of $
On
October 16, 2023, the Company and Michael L. Peterson entered into an employment agreement (the “Peterson Employment Agreement”),
effective as of October 23, 2023, pursuant to which Mr. Peterson will serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, replacing Mr.
Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, Mr. Peterson will be paid an annual base salary of $
Pursuant
to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson a grant of shares of restricted stock pursuant to the
Company’s Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) at a fair value of $ per share for a grant date fair
value of $
NOTE 7 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that any liability of the Company that may arise out of or with respect to these matters will not materially adversely affect the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.
Unproved Property Leases
The
Company holds interests in various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 5); two of
the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers
| 15 |
The
second lease covers
The
Company holds interests in various leases related to the unproved properties of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. These leases occur in two
parcels, “Parcel 1” and “Parcel 2”. Parcel 1 comprises ten leases and approximately
During
February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project
with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers
On
November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“ARLO Agreement”) with
Heavy Sweet Oil (“HSO”) for a term of nine months for a % production share in HOS’s leases and 960-acre drilling
and production program. The ARLO Agreement also allows the Company the exclusive right to acquire up to a
On
December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the ARLO Agreement, whereby the Company funded $
Board of Directors Compensation
On
July 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved compensation for each of the non-employee directors of the Company, which
would be effective upon the consummation of the IPO. Such compensation is structured as follows: an annual retainer of $ cash plus
an additional $ for each Board committee upon which the Director serves, each paid quarterly in arrears. Payment for this approved
compensation commenced upon successful completion of the Company’s IPO in April 2023; for the three months ended January 31, 2024
and 2023, the Company has recognized $
Agreements with Advisors
On
October 4, 2023 and December 29, 2023, the Company entered into placement agent agreements with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan”),
whereby Spartan will serve as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the closing of private placements. The agreements provide
the agent with
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NOTE 8 – NOTES PAYABLE
Notes payable as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
| As of January 31, 2024 | As of October 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Convertible note, net of discounts | ||||||||
| Total Notes payable | $ | $ | ||||||
Convertible note – investors (October 2023 SPA)
On
October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “October 2023 SPA”) with an investor; the
October 2023 SPA provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $
In
consideration for the investor’s funding of the first tranche, the Company issued and sold to the investor, in a private placement,
i) a senior secured convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $
Upon
the initial funding on October 4, 2023, the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $
The
Company is required to pay to the investor the outstanding principal balance under the Note in monthly installments, on such date and
each one (1) month anniversary thereof, in an amount equal to
On
December 18, 2023, December 19, 2023 and January 12, 2024, the Company made principal payments in the amounts of $
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On
December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the 2nd Tranche of the October 2023 SPA, which reduced the conversion
price of note and exercise price of warrant from $
On
January 2, 2024, the 2nd Tranche of the October 2023 SPA was funded, and the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately
$
As
of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the balance of the convertible note, net of discounts, was $
NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Shares
On
November 11, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with a vendor to provide marketing and distribution services for a period of
six months, with compensation in the form of shares. The Company issued the vendor common shares at a fair market value
price of $ per share for a total amount of $
On December 18, 2023, December 19,
2023 and January 12, 2024, the Company made principal payments in the amounts of $
Warrants
October 2023 SPA with Warrants
On
October 4, 2023 and December 29, 2023, the Company entered into placement agent agreements with Spartan (see Note 7 for further information)
for their role in connection with the two tranche fundings related to the October 2023 SPA; among other things, the agreements provide
the agent with equity-classified warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the number of common shares initially
issuable upon conversion of each note tranche. For the 1st Tranche, the Company issued to Spartan warrants to purchase
For
the 2nd Tranche, the Company issued to Spartan warrants to purchase
On
January 2, 2024, the 2nd Tranche of the October 2023 SPA was funded (see Note 8 for further information); in connection with
this funding, the Company issued to the investor warrants to purchase up to
| 18 |
A summary of the warrant activity during the three months ended January 31, 2024 is presented below:
| Number of Warrants | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years | Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding November 1, 2023 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Issued | - | |||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, January 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Exercisable, January 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of January 31, 2024 is presented below:
| Warrants Outstanding | Warrants Exercisable | |||||||||||||
Exercise Price | Number of Shares | Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years | Number of Shares | |||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
Stock Options
| Number of Options | Weighted Average Exercise Price | Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years | Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding, November 1, 2021 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Issued | ||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding, January 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| Exercisable, January 31, 2024 | $ | $ | ||||||||||||||
| 19 |
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||
| Exercise Price | Number of Shares | Weighted Average Remaining Life in Years | Number of Shares | |||||||||||
| $ | ||||||||||||||
On August 15, 2023, the Company issued five-year options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock to a consultant of the Company, pursuant to the Plan. The options have an exercise price of $ per share and vest monthly over a period of months, beginning on the vesting commencement date. The options have a grant date fair value of $, which will be recognized over the vesting term.
| Risk free interest rate | % | |||
| Expected term (years) | ||||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Expected dividends rate | % |
NOTE 10 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In accordance with ASC 855 – Subsequent Events, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before condensed financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after January 31, 2024, through the date the condensed financial statements are available for filing.
Amendment to the First Tranche Note
On
February 5, 2024, the Company entered into the first amendment to the First Tranche Note of the October 2023 SPA; such amendment provides
for
Notice of Noncompliance with NYSE American Listing Standards
On February 26, 2024, the Company received a deficiency letter from the NYSE American indicating that it was not in compliance with the continued listing standards as set forth in Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE American Company Guide. Specifically, the Notice informed the Company that the NYSE American has determined that the shares of the Company’s common stock have been selling for a low price per share for a substantial period of time, and pursuant to Section 1003(f)(v) of the Company Guide, the Company’s continued listing is predicated on it demonstrating sustained price improvement by no later than August 26, 2024.
Restarting of Oil Production in McCool Ranch Oil Field
On
March 4, 2024, the Company announced that the first two wells of the McCool Ranch Oil Field had been successfully restarted and were
producing approximately
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
You should read the following discussion and analysis of financial condition and operating results together with our financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, as well as our audited financial statements and related notes as disclosed in our S-1, as amended. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, such as those in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as the risk factors set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in our S-1, as amended, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. For convenience of presentation some of the numbers have been rounded in the text below.
Throughout this report, the terms “our,” “we,” “us,” and the “Company” refer to Trio Petroleum Corp.
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements that can involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this Quarterly Report, including statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, business strategy, prospective products, product approvals, research and development costs, future revenue, timing and likelihood of success, plans and objectives of management for future operations, future results of anticipated products and prospects, plans and objectives of management are forward-looking statements. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “will,” or “would” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Risks, risk factors and uncertainties involved in forward-looking statements contained in this Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, the following:
| ● | our ability to find, acquire or gain access to other properties, discoveries and prospects and to successfully develop our current properties, discoveries and prospects; | |
| ● | uncertainties inherent in making estimates of our oil and natural gas resources; | |
| ● | the successful implementation of our development and drilling plans at our properties, discoveries and prospects; | |
| ● | projected and targeted capital expenditures and other costs, commitments and revenues; | |
| ● | our dependence on our key management personnel and our ability to attract and retain qualified technical personnel; | |
| ● | the ability to obtain financing and the terms under which such financing may be available; | |
| ● | the volatility of oil and natural gas prices; | |
| ● | the availability and cost of developing appropriate infrastructure around and transportation to our discoveries and prospects; | |
| ● | the availability and cost of drilling rigs, production equipment, supplies, personnel and oilfield services; | |
| ● | other competitive pressures; |
| 21 |
| ● | potential liabilities inherent in oil and natural gas operations, including drilling risks and other operational and environmental hazards; | |
| ● | current and future government regulation of the oil and gas industry; | |
| ● | cost of compliance with laws and regulations; | |
| ● | changes in environmental, health and safety or climate change laws, greenhouse gas regulation or the implementation of those laws and regulations; | |
| ● | environmental liabilities; | |
| ● | geological, technical, drilling and processing problems; | |
| ● | military operations, terrorist acts, wars or embargoes; | |
| ● | the cost and availability of adequate insurance coverage; | |
| ● | our vulnerability to severe weather events; and | |
| ● | other risk factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report. |
We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about our business, the industry in which we operate and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, and these forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or development. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. The events and circumstances reflected in our forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein until after we distribute this Quarterly Report, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.
In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.
Overview
The Company was incorporated in the state of Delaware on July 19, 2021. The Company is engaged in the exploration and development of the South Salinas Project, a non-producing oil and gas property it acquired from Trio LLC. The Company also owns an approximate 22% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field in Monterey County, and an option to acquire a 20% working interest in the approximately 30,000 acre Asphalt Ridge project in Uinta County, Utah. The Company is headquartered in Bakersfield, California, with its principal offices located at 4115 Blackhawk Plaza Circle, Suite 100, Danville, CA, 94506.
During October 2023, the Company announced its acquisition of an approximate 22% working interest in McCool Ranch, which is located in Monterey County seven miles north of the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project. The restarting of McCool Ranch is currently in-progress and is proceeding favorably. The property is fully and properly permitted for oil and gas production, cyclic-steam injection and water disposal and is currently not producing, but restart operations have begun at the 58X-23 and HH-1-ST2 wells. TPET plans to initially restart each of these wells “cold” (i.e., without steam injection) and when appropriate to transition each well to cyclic-steam operations.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company found oil in the Yellow, Brown and Mid-Monterey Clay zones of the HV-1 well; however, the Company has been unable to establish commercial oil production due to the water produced at HV-1 well and it is currently idle. Next steps at the HV-1 are currently under review, including possibly deepening it to targets identified in 3D seismic in the Green Chert and Blue Chert zones of the Monterey Formation and in the underlying Vaqueros Sand, or sidetracking the well to a location that might have fewer fractures and faults and thus an improved oil-water ratio.
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Currently, the Company has shifted the focus of its operations at Presidents Oilfield from the HV-1 well to the HV-3A well; after finishing the aforementioned restart operations at McCool Ranch, the production rig will be relocated to restart oil production at the HV-3A well. The HV-3A oil is high-quality, mid-gravity oil (approximately 18.5° to 22.4° API gravity). Operations at HV-3A do not require steam due to favorable viscosity. There are very promising opportunities to significantly increase the well’s barrels of oil per day (“BOPD”) rate.
In January 2024, the Company secured an option to acquire a 20% interest in a sweet, heavy oil development project at Asphalt Ridge, located in Uinta County in northeastern Utah. Development of Asphalt Ridge is planned to commence during the third quarter of the calendar year 2024 by a third-party operator using advanced cyclic-steam production techniques. The project is estimated by an independent reserve engineering firm to be one of the largest heavy oil deposits in North America outside of Canada, making it a potential giant oilfield, and is unique given its low wax and negligible sulfur content, which is expected to make the oil produced very desirable for many industries, including shipping.
Two development phases are currently envisioned; Phase 1 contemplates the development of 240 acres with an estimated 119 wells in the Northwest Asphalt Ridge Area and Phase 2 contemplates the development of approximately 30,000 acres with potentially thousands of new wells, extending about 20 miles along the trend to the southeast. The Company has entered into the Option to acquire up to 20% working interest in Phase 1 with the payment of $2,000,000 (i.e. 1% working interest for each $100,000 option exercised) as well as an option to acquire a 20% working interest in Phase 2. On December 29, 2023, the Company funded the first $200,000 payment. In January 2024, the Company funded an additional $25,000 resulting in a 2.25% additional working interest to the Company in the project.
Phase 1 commenced in January 2024 by a third-party operator, with upgrades to existing roads and well pads, with the drilling of the first of three initial wells also planned to commence during the third quarter of the calendar year of 2024. One of the initial goals is to produce the required amount of oil requested by interested parties to analyze and test the oil to confirm suitability for potential high value off-take agreements. With the completion of the three initial wells, the operator believes it will be able to execute reserve-based lending agreements in order to fund all future development of Phase 1, although there is no guarantee that the operators will be able to secure such reserve-based funding on acceptable terms and conditions. The operator of the project will be Heavy Sweet Oil LLC through contracts with Valkor Group, an oil & gas process EPC company with years of experience in designing and deploying systems for the processes and civil engineering for environmental, oil and gas projects including heavy oil, carbon sequestration, and developing systems for maximum efficiency and environmental sensitivity.
The Company is also taking initial steps to launch a Carbon Capture and Storage (“CCS”) project at the South Salinas Project. The South Salinas Project appears ideal for a CCS project as the South Salinas Project covers a vast area and is uniquely situated at a deep depocenter where there are thick geologic zones (e.g., Vaqueros Sand, up to approximately 500’ thick), about two miles deep, which could accommodate and permanently store vast volumes of CO2. Four existing deep wells in the South Salinas Project (i.e., the HV 1-35, BM 2-2, BM 1-2-RD1 and HV 3-6 wells) are excellent candidates for use as CO2 injection wells. A CCS project in the future may help reduce the Company’s carbon footprint by sequestering and permanently storing CO2 deep underground at one or more deep wells away from drinking water sources. Furthermore, three of the aforementioned deep wells are directly located on three idle oil and gas pipelines that could be used to import CO2 to the Company’s CCS Project. The Company has opened discussions with third parties who wish to reduce their own greenhouse gas emissions and who may be interested in participating in the Company’s CCS project. The Company believes it feasible to develop the major oil and gas resources of the South Salinas Project and to concurrently establish a substantial CCS project and potentially a CO2 storage hub and/or Direct Air Capture hub.
| 23 |
Going Concern Considerations
The Company has not generated any revenues and has incurred significant losses since inception. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $12,148,930 and a working capital deficit of $1,450,919, and for the three months ended January 31, 202, a net loss of $1,702,048. To date, the Company has been funding operations through proceeds from the issuance of common stock, financing through certain investors, the consummation of its initial public offering (“IPO”) in April 2023 and convertible note financing in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.5 million under two tranches in October 2023 and December 2023, and pursuant to which it raised total gross proceeds of $2,371,50. There is substantial doubt regarding our ability to continue as a going concern as a result of our accumulated deficit and no source of revenue sufficient to cover our costs of operations as well as our dependence on private equity and financing. See “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business— We have a history of operating losses, our management has concluded that factors raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern and our auditor has included an explanatory paragraph relating to our ability to continue as a going concern in its audit report for the years ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, and for the period from July 19, 2021 (inception) through October 31, 2021.”
The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. As we are not generating revenues, we need to raise a significant amount of capital to pay for our development, exploration, drilling and operating costs. While the Company raised capital in April 2023 with its IPO and in October 2023 and December 2023 with convertible debt financing, we expect to require additional funding in the future and there is no assurance that we will be able to raise additional needed capital or that such capital will be available under favorable terms. We are subject to all the substantial risks inherent in the development of a new business enterprise within an extremely competitive industry. Due to the absence of a long-standing operating history and the emerging nature of the markets in which we compete, we anticipate operating losses until we can successfully implement our business strategy, which includes all associated revenue streams. We may never achieve profitable operations or generate significant revenues.
The Company will require additional capital funding in order to drill our planned HV-2 and HV-4 wells and to provide for additional development costs and other payment obligations and operating costs until our planned revenue streams are fully implemented and begin to offset our operating costs, if ever.
Since our inception, we have funded our operations with the proceeds from equity and debt financing. We have experienced liquidity issues due to, among other reasons, our limited ability to raise adequate capital on acceptable terms. We have historically relied upon the issuance of equity and promissory notes that are convertible into shares of our common stock to fund our operations and have devoted significant efforts to reduce that exposure. We anticipate that we will need to issue equity to fund our operations for the foreseeable future. If we are unable to achieve operational profitability or are not successful in securing other forms of financing, we will have to evaluate alternative actions to reduce our operating expenses and conserve cash.
The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. Accordingly, the condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability of assets and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The condensed financial statements included in this report also include a going concern footnote. See Note 3 to our condensed financial statements.
Optioned Assets - McCool Ranch Oil Field
In October 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project; the Company initially recorded a payment of $100,000 upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it was capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets. With refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company is obligated to pay an additional $400,000 per the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement; it has paid approximately $80,000 during the quarter for restarting production operations on the assets and has recorded a liability of $320,000 to Trio LLC for the remainder as of the end of the period. These additional costs are capitalized costs and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024.
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Optioned Assets – Asphalt Ridge Leasehold Acquisition & Development Option Agreement
On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“ARLO Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil (“HSO”) for a term of nine months for a 20% production share in HOS’s leases and 960-acre drilling and production program. The ARLO Agreement also allows the Company the exclusive right to acquire up to a 20% interest in the Asphalt Ridge leases for $2,000,000, which may be invested in tranches by the Company, with an initial tranche closing for an amount no less than $500,000. The tranche funding is contingent upon HSO providing certain required items to the Company.
On December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the ARLO Agreement, whereby the Company funded $200,000 of the $500,000 payable by the Company to HSO at the Initial Closing, in advance of HSO satisfying certain required items for a 2% interest in the leases; such funds are to be used by HSO solely for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development of the leases. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has paid a total of $225,000 to HSO in costs related to infrastructure; such costs are capitalized costs and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024.
Emerging Growth Company Status
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
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Results of Operations
Three Months Ended January 31, 2024 compared to the Three Months Ended January 31, 2023 (unaudited)
Our financial results for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 are summarized as follows:
| For the Three Months Ended January 31, | ||||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | Change | % Change | |||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Exploration expenses | $ | 84,594 | $ | - | $ | 84,594 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
| General and administrative expenses | 947,268 | 124,256 | 823,012 | 662.4 | % | |||||||||||
| Stock-based compensation expense | 407,618 | 40,757 | 366,861 | 900.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Accretion expenses | 695 | 695 | - | 0.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,440,175 | 165,708 | 1,274,467 | 769.1 | % | |||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | (1,440,175 | ) | (165,708 | ) | (1,274,467 | ) | 769.1 | % | ||||||||
| Other expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest expenses | 159,298 | 652,573 | (493,275 | ) | (75.6 | )% | ||||||||||
| Loss on note conversion | 92,153 | - | 92,153 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Licenses and fees | 10,422 | - | 10,422 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| Total other expenses | 261,873 | 652,573 | (390,700 | ) | (59.9 | )% | ||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | (1,702,048 | ) | (818,281 | ) | (883,767 | ) | 108.0 | % | ||||||||
| Income tax benefit | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| Net loss | $ | (1,702,048 | ) | $ | (818,281 | ) | $ | (883,767 | ) | 108.0 | % | |||||
Exploration expenses
Under the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties, exploration expenses consist primarily of exploratory geological and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead, and are expensed as incurred. Exploration expenses increased by approximately $0.1 million as compared to the prior year period due to an increase in exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs incurred during the quarter.
Given adequate funding, the Company expects to restart wells at McCool Ranch and to restart production of the HV-3A well in the SSP during the second quarter of 2024.
General and administrative expenses
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel expenses, including salaries, benefits and stock-based compensation expense for employees and consultants in executive, finance and accounting, legal, operations support, information technology and human resource functions. General and administrative expenses also include corporate facility costs including rent, utilities, depreciation, amortization and maintenance, as well as legal fees related to intellectual property and corporate matters and fees for accounting and consulting services.
General and administrative expenses increased for the three months ended January 31, 2024 by approximately $0.8 million as compared to the prior period due to filing fees of $90,000, insurance expenses of $90,000, director fees of $60,000, increased legal and accounting fees of approximately $300,000 and increased salaries expenses of approximately $230,000.
Stock-based compensation expenses
The Company records stock-based compensation expense for costs associated with options and restricted shares granted in connection with the Plan, as well as for shares issued as payment for services. Stock-based compensation expense increased by approximately $0.4 million for the three months ended January 31, 2024 as compared to the prior period due to the amortization of approximately $400,000 in expense for restricted shares that had not yet been granted during the same period in the prior year.
Accretion expenses
The Company has an Asset Retirement Obligation (“ARO”) recorded that is associated with its oil and natural gas properties in the SSP; the fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability and is accreted over time until the date the ARO is to be paid. For the three months ended January 31, 2024, accretion expenses remained consistent with that of the prior year period.
| 26 |
Other expenses, net
For the three months ended January 31, 2024, Other expenses, net decreased by approximately $0.4 million compared to the prior year period. The decrease is primarily due to decreased non-cash interest expense of $0.4 million due to decreased debt discounts on approximately $1.2 million in debt in the current quarter versus increased debt discounts on approximately $5.9 million in debt in the same quarter of the prior year.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Working Capital/(Deficiency)
Our working capital deficiency as of January 31, 2024, in comparison to our working capital deficiency as of October 31, 2023, can be summarized as follows:
| January 31, 2024 | October 31, 2023 | |||||||
| Current assets | $ | 475,868 | $ | 1,695,341 | ||||
| Current liabilities | 1,926,787 | 1,851,386 | ||||||
| Working capital (deficiency) | $ | (1,450,919 | ) | $ | (156,045 | ) | ||
Current assets decreased because of i) a decrease to the cash account of approximately $1.2 million due to increased payroll expenses and additional cash outlays for capital expenditures for the oil and gas properties. The balance of the current liabilities has remained fairly constant.
Cash Flows
Our cash flows for the three months ended January 31, 2024, in comparison to our cash flows for the three months ended January 31, 2023, can be summarized as follows:
| Three months ended January 31, | ||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (774,431 | ) | $ | (217,466 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (522,767 | ) | - | |||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | 84,022 | 256,349 | ||||||
| Net change in cash | $ | (1,213,176 | ) | $ | 38,883 | |||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
For the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, cash used in operating activities was $774,431 and $217,466, respectively. The cash used in operations for the three months ended January 31, 2024 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $1,702,048, adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $968,993, as well as $41,376 of net cash used to fund changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities. Our cash used in operations for the three months ended January 31, 2023 was primarily attributable to our net loss of $818,281, adjusted for non-cash expenses in the aggregate amount of $525,262, as well as $75,553 of net cash provided to fund changes in the levels of operating assets and liabilities.
| 27 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, cash used in investing activities was $522,767 and $0, respectively. The cash used during the current period is attributable to approximately $0.3 million related to drilling exploratory wells and approximately $0.6 million related to acquisition costs, both of which were capitalized and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024. These amounts were offset by approximately $400,000 in amounts due to operators and related parties for costs for the South Salinas Project and the McCool Ranch Option. There were no cash flows from investing activities for the three months ended January 31, 2023.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, cash provided by financing activities was $84,022 and $256,349, respectively. Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2024 was primarily attributable to approximately $0.5 million in net proceeds from the issuance of convertible debt, offset by payments for the convertible debt in the amount of approximately $0.4 million. Cash provided by financing activities during the three months ended January 31, 2023 was primarily attributable to approximately $0.4 million in proceeds from the issuance of common stock, offset by approximately $100,000 for the payment of deferred offering costs.
The Company’s cash change was a decrease of approximately $1.2 million as of January 31, 2024. Management believes that the cash on hand and working capital are sufficient to meet its current anticipated cash requirements for anticipated capital expenditures and operating expenses for the next twelve months.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
Unproved Property Leases
The Company holds various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 5); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers 8,417 acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022 and currently, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 and the HV-3A wells; such drilling maintains the validity of the lease.
The second lease covers 160 acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2023 through October 2024.
During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers 360 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $25/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2024 through February 2025. The second group of leases covers 307.75 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.
On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“ARLO Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil (“HSO”) for a term of nine months for a 20% production share in HOS’s leases and 960-acre drilling and production program. The ARLO Agreement also allows the Company the exclusive right to acquire up to a 20% interest in the Asphalt Ridge leases for $2,000,000, which may be invested in tranches by the Company, with an initial tranche closing for an amount no less than $500,000. The tranche funding is contingent upon HSO providing certain required items to the Company.
On December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the ARLO Agreement, whereby the Company funded $200,000 of the $500,000 payable by the Company to HSO at the Initial Closing, in advance of HSO satisfying certain required items for a 2% interest in the leases; such funds are to be used by HSO solely for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development of the leases. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has paid a total of $225,000 to HSO in costs related to infrastructure; such costs are capitalized costs and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024.
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Board of Directors Compensation
On July 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved compensation for each of the non-employee directors of the Company, which would be effective upon the consummation of the IPO. Such compensation is structured as follows: an annual retainer of $50,000 cash plus an additional $10,000 for each Board committee upon which the Director serves, each paid quarterly in arrears. Payment for this approved compensation commenced upon successful completion of the Company’s IPO in April 2023; for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recognized $56,685 and $0, respectively, in directors’ fees.
Agreements with Advisors
On October 4, 2023 and December 29, 2023, the Company entered into placement agent agreements with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan”), whereby Spartan will serve as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the closing of private placements. The agreements provide the agent with i) a cash fee 7.5% of the aggregate proceeds raised in the sale and ii) warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the number of common shares initially issuable upon conversion of each note tranche; warrants to purchase 83,333 and 55,000 common shares with exercise prices of $1.32 and $0.55 for the first and second tranches, respectively, were issued to Spartan as of January 31, 2024. Such warrants may be exercised beginning 6 months after issuance until four- and one-half years thereafter.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Basis of Presentation
We prepare our financial statements in conformity with GAAP, which requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions and apply judgments. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be important at the time the condensed financial statements are prepared, and actual results could differ from our estimates and such differences could be material. Due to the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain, materially different amounts could be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. On a regular basis, we review our critical accounting policies and how they are applied in the preparation of our condensed financial statements, as well as the sufficiency of the disclosures pertaining to our accounting policies in the footnotes accompanying our financial statements. Described below are the most significant policies we apply in preparing our condensed financial statements, some of which are subject to alternative treatments under GAAP. We also describe the most significant estimates and assumptions we make in applying these policies. See “Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” to our condensed financial statements.
Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs – Successful Efforts
The Company is in the exploration stage and has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory geological and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs in light of ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.
| 29 |
Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties
Unproved oil and natural gas properties have unproved lease acquisition costs, which are capitalized until the lease expires or otherwise until the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time the Company charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage.
Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties; unproved properties are assessed for impairment either at an individual property basis or a group basis.
Asset Retirement Obligations
ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the South Salinas Project acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six temporarily shut-in, idle wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the South Salinas Project acquisition in future production, development and/or exploration activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Not Applicable. As a smaller reporting company, we are not required to provide the information required by this Item.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation and supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have evaluated our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during our first fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
We are not currently subject to any legal proceedings.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
If we are not able to comply with the applicable continued listing requirements or standards of the NYSE American, our common stock could be delisted from the NYSE American.
On February 26, 2024, we received written notice (the “Notice”) from the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE American”) indicating that the Company is not in compliance with the continued listing standard set forth in Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE American Company Guide (“Section 1003(f)(v)”) because the shares of our common stock have been selling for a substantial period of time at a low price per share. The Notice has no immediate effect on the listing or trading of our shares of common stock and our common stock will continue to trade on the NYSE American under the symbol “TPET” with the designation of “.BC” to indicate that the Company is not in compliance with the NYSE American’s continued listing standards. Additionally, the Notice does not result in the immediate delisting of our common stock from the NYSE American.
Pursuant to Section 1003(f)(v), the NYSE American staff (the “Staff”) determined that the continued listing of our shares of common stock on the NYSE American is predicated on effecting a reverse stock split of our common stock or demonstrating sustained price improvement within a reasonable period of time, which the Staff determined to be no later than August 26, 2024. The Notice further stated that as a result of the foregoing, the Company has become subject to the procedures and requirements of Section 1009 of the NYSE American Company Guide, which could, among other things, result in the initiation of delisting proceedings, unless we cure the deficiency in a timely manner. The NYSE American may also accelerate delisting action in the event that our common stock trades at levels viewed by the Staff to be abnormally low.
We intend to monitor the price of our common stock and consider available options if our common stock does not trade at a consistent level likely to result in the Company regaining compliance by August 26, 2024. Our receipt of the Notice does not affect our business, operations or reporting requirements with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
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In the event that our common stock is delisted from the NYSE American and is not eligible for quotation on another market or exchange, trading of our common stock could be conducted in the over-the-counter market or on an electronic bulletin board established for unlisted securities, such as the Pink Sheets or the OTC Markets. In such event, it could become more difficult to dispose of, or obtain accurate price quotations for, our common stock, and there would likely also be a reduction in our coverage by securities analysts
Except for the above, there have been no other material changes to the risk factors set forth in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2023, which was filed with the SEC on January 29, 2024 (“2023 Annual Report”). Our business involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described in our 2023 Annual Report, along with the above “risk factor”, together with all of the other information in our 2023 Annual Report and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our audited financial statements and related notes as disclosed in our 2023 Annual Report.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
None.
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
Item 5. Other Information
None.
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit No. |
Description | |
| 31.1* | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
| 31.2* | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
| 32.1** | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. | |
| 101.INS* | Inline XBRL Instance Document. | |
| 101.SCH* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101) |
| * | Filed herewith. |
| ** | Furnished, not filed |
| 32 |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| TRIO PETROLEUM CORP. | ||
| By: | /s/ Michael L. Peterson | |
| Michael L. Peterson | ||
| Chief Executive Officer | ||
| (Principal Executive Officer) | ||
| Date: March 18, 2024 | ||
| By: | /s/ Greg Overholtzer | |
| Greg Overholtzer | ||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||
| (Principal Financial Officer and | ||
| Principal Accounting Officer) | ||
| Date: March 18, 2024 |
| 33 |
Exhibit 31.1
SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
I, Michael L. Peterson, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Trio Petroleum Corp. |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report. |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report. |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) | Designed each internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| /s/ Michael L. Peterson | |
| Date: March 18, 2024 | Michael L. Peterson |
| Principal Executive Officer |
Exhibit 31.2
SECTION 302 CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
I, Greg Overholtzer, certify that:
| 1. | I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Trio Petroleum Corp. |
| 2. | Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report. |
| 3. | Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report. |
| 4. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have: |
| (a) | Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared; | |
| (b) | Designed each internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; | |
| (c) | Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and | |
| (d) | Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| 5. | The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions): |
| (a) | All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and | |
| (b) | Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting. |
| /s/ Greg Overholtzer | |
| Date: March 18, 2024 | Greg Overholtzer |
| Principal Financial Officer |
Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER
AND PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, the undersigned officers of Trio Petroleum Corp. (the “Company”) hereby certify that the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended January 31, 2024 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
| /s/ Michael L. Peterson | |
| Date: March 18, 2024 | Michael L. Peterson |
| Principal Executive Officer | |
| /s/ Greg Overholtzer | |
| Greg Overholtzer | |
| Principal Financial Officer |
The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350 and is not being filed as part of the Report or as a separate disclosure document.
Condensed Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares |
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Oct. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Statement of Financial Position [Abstract] | ||
| Preferred stock, par value | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Preferred stock, shares authorized | 10,000,000 | 10,000,000 |
| Preferred stock, shares issued | 0 | 0 |
| Preferred stock, shares outstanding | 0 | 0 |
| Common stock, par value | $ 0.0001 | $ 0.0001 |
| Common stock, shares authorized | 490,000,000 | 490,000,000 |
| Common stock, shares issued | 32,350,090 | 31,046,516 |
| Common stock, shares outstanding | 32,350,090 | 31,046,516 |
Condensed Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Jan. 31, 2023 |
|
| Income Statement [Abstract] | ||
| Revenue | ||
| Operating Expenses: | ||
| Exploration expense | 84,594 | |
| General and administrative expenses | 947,268 | 124,256 |
| Stock-based compensation expense | 407,618 | 40,757 |
| Accretion expense | 695 | 695 |
| Total Operating Expenses | 1,440,175 | 165,708 |
| Loss From Operations | (1,440,175) | (165,708) |
| Other Expenses: | ||
| Interest expense | 159,298 | 652,573 |
| Loss on note conversion | 92,153 | |
| Licenses and fees | 10,422 | |
| Total other expenses | 261,873 | 652,573 |
| Loss before income taxes | (1,702,048) | (818,281) |
| Provision for income taxes | ||
| Net loss | $ (1,702,048) | $ (818,281) |
| Basic and Diluted Net Loss per Common Share | ||
| Basic | $ (0.05) | $ (0.05) |
| Diluted | $ (0.05) | $ (0.05) |
| Weighted Average Number of Common Shares | ||
| Basic | 31,604,203 | 17,157,583 |
| Diluted | 31,604,203 | 17,157,583 |
Condensed Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($) |
Common Stock [Member] |
Share Subscription Receivables [Member] |
Additional Paid-in Capital [Member] |
Retained Earnings [Member] |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance at Oct. 31, 2022 | $ 1,697 | $ (10,010) | $ 6,633,893 | $ (3,902,456) | $ 2,723,124 |
| Balance, shares at Oct. 31, 2022 | 16,972,800 | ||||
| Stock-based compensation | 40,757 | 40,757 | |||
| Net loss | (818,281) | (818,281) | |||
| Issuance of common stock for cash, net | $ 40 | 371,960 | 372,000 | ||
| Issuance of common stock for cash, net, shares | 400,000 | ||||
| Balance at Jan. 31, 2023 | $ 1,737 | (10,010) | 7,046,610 | (4,720,737) | 2,317,600 |
| Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2023 | 17,372,800 | ||||
| Balance at Oct. 31, 2023 | $ 3,105 | (10,010) | 20,197,171 | (10,446,882) | 9,743,384 |
| Balance, shares at Oct. 31, 2023 | 31,046,516 | ||||
| Issuance of common stock in repayment of convertible note | $ 110 | 344,572 | 344,682 | ||
| Issuance of common stock in repayment of convertible note ,shares | 1,103,574 | ||||
| Issuance of common stock for services | $ 20 | 95,180 | 95,200 | ||
| Issuance of common stock for services, shares | 200,000 | ||||
| Issuance of equity warrants in connection with convertible note | 151,490 | 151,490 | |||
| Stock-based compensation | 407,618 | 407,618 | |||
| Net loss | (1,702,048) | (1,702,048) | |||
| Balance at Jan. 31, 2024 | $ 3,235 | $ (10,010) | $ 21,196,031 | $ (12,148,931) | $ 9,040,326 |
| Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2024 | 32,350,090 |
NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 | |
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
| NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS | NOTE 1 – NATURE OF THE ORGANIZATION AND BUSINESS
Company Organization
Trio Petroleum Corp. (“Trio Petroleum” or the “Company”) is an oil and gas exploration and development company headquartered in Bakersfield, California, with operations in Monterey County, California and Uintah County, Utah. The Company was incorporated on July 19, 2021, under the laws of Delaware to acquire, fund and develop oil exploration and production assets, initially in California; it has no revenue-generating operations as of the date of this filing. The Company was formed to acquire Trio Petroleum LLC’s (“Trio LLC”) approximate 82.75% working interest, which was subsequently increased to an approximate 85.75% working interest, in the large, approximately 9,300-acre South Salinas Project located in Monterey, California, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management team to develop and operate those assets.
Acquisition of South Salinas Project
On September 14, 2021, the Company entered into a Purchase and Sale Agreement (“Trio LLC PSA”) with Trio LLC to acquire an 82.75% working interest in the South Salinas Project; the working interest included the purchased percentage of the South Salinas Project’s leases, wells and inventory in exchange for $300,000 cash, a non-interest-bearing note payable of $3,700,000 due to Trio LLC on December 17, 2021 (see Note 6 and Note 9) and shares of the Company’s $ par value common stock (see Note 5 and Note 10). At the time of the acquisition, this share issuance constituted % of the total number of issued shares of the Company. The Company accounted for the purchase as an asset acquisition, as prescribed in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 – Business Combinations. The assets and associated asset retirement obligations (“ARO”) were recorded based on relative fair value at the estimated fair value of the consideration paid (see Note 5). In April 2023, the Company purchased an additional 3% working interest in the South Salinas Project; see Note 5 for further information. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, there were no proved reserves attributable to the approximate 9,300 acres of the property.
Initial Public Offering
The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold shares of its common stock for total gross proceeds of $6,000,000, which is described more fully in Note 4.
Additional Acquisitions - McCool Ranch Oil Field & Asphalt Ridge Leasehold
In October 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project; the Company initially began refurbishment operations with respect to a water disposal well. After refurbishment was successfully accomplished, the Company restarted production operations on the assets (see Note 5 for further information). Additionally, in November 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“ARLO Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil (“HSO”) for a 20% production share in HSO’s leases and 960-acre drilling and production program and an option for the exclusive right to acquire up to a 20% interest in the Asphalt Ridge leases. In December 2023, the Company amended the agreement and funded $200,000 in exchange for an immediate 2% interest in the leases; such funds are to be used for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development of the leases (see Note 5 for further information).
Emerging Growth Company
The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Securities Act, as modified by the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.
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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | NOTE 2 –SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Amounts presented in the balance sheet as of October 31, 2023 are derived from our audited financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed financial statements as of and for the three month periods ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the interim reporting rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2024. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments (unless otherwise indicated), necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023.
Prepaid Expenses
Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the balances of the prepaids account were $127,120 and $133,417, respectively.
Debt Issuance Costs
Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company recorded $90,978 and $350,320 in debt issuance costs, respectively.
Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs – Successful Efforts
The Company is in the exploration stage and has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.
Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties
Unproved oil and natural gas properties have unproved lease acquisition costs, which are capitalized until the lease expires or otherwise until the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time the Company charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023; see further discussion in Note 5.
Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties.
Asset Retirement Obligations
ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the SSP acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the SSP acquisition in future exploration, production and/or disposal (i.e., disposal of produced water or CO2 by injection) activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.
Components of the changes in ARO are shown below:
Related Parties
Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an 82.75% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an 85.75% working interest as of April 2023) in the SSP from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of million shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned % of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, Trio LLC owned less than % and %, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.
For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
Fair Value Measurements
The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.
There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.
The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.
The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 – Property, Plant and Equipment, exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
Environmental Expenditures
The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degrees by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.
Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company.
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GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS |
3 Months Ended |
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Jan. 31, 2024 | |
| Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] | |
| GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS | NOTE 3 – GOING CONCERN AND MANAGEMENT’S LIQUIDITY PLANS
As of January 31, 2024, the Company had $348,748 in its operating bank account and a working capital deficit of $1,450,919. To date, the Company has been funding operations through proceeds from the issuance of common stock, financing through certain investors and its IPO, which closed with net proceeds of $4,940,000 (see Note 4). Additionally, on October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (“October 2023 SPA”) with an institutional investor for convertible note financing in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.5 million under two tranches; on that same date, the investor funded the first tranche for approximately $1.9 million (net of original issue discount of 7%). On December 29, 2023, the investor funded the second tranche for approximately $0.5 million (net of original issue discount of 7%) (see Note 8).
The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared on the basis that the Company will continue as a going concern over the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these condensed financial statements, which assumes the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has an accumulated deficit of $12,148,930 and has experienced losses from continuing operations. Based on the Company’s cash balance as of January 31, 2024 and projected cash needs for the twelve months following the issuance of these condensed financial statements, management estimates that it will need to generate sufficient sales revenue and/or raise additional capital to cover operating and capital requirements. Management will need to raise the additional funds by issuing additional shares of common stock or other equity securities or obtaining additional debt financing. Although management has been successful to date in raising necessary funding and obtaining financing through investors, there can be no assurance that any required future financing can be successfully completed on a timely basis, or on terms acceptable to the Company. Based on these circumstances, management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the twelve months following the issuance of these condensed financial statements.
Accordingly, the accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplates continuation of the Company as a going concern and the realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The condensed financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
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INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING |
3 Months Ended |
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Jan. 31, 2024 | |
| Initial Public Offering | |
| INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING | NOTE 4 – INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING
The Company’s Registration Statement (Amendment No. 9) on Form S-1/A was filed with the SEC on March 24, 2023; its Initial Public Offering was declared effective on April 17, 2023 and closed on April 20, 2023 (collectively, the “Offering” or “IPO”). The Company sold shares of common stock at a public offering price of $ per share for gross proceeds of $6,000,000. After deducting the underwriting commissions, discounts and offering expenses payable by the Company, it received net proceeds of approximately $4,940,000. The Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE American under the symbol TPET. The Company also issued warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock to the underwriters at an exercise price of $3.30 per share (110% of public offering price), the cost of which was offset to additional paid-in capital upon IPO.
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OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES |
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| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES | NOTE 5 – OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES
The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.
During the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company incurred aggregated exploration costs of $84,594 and $0, respectively; these expenses were exploratory, geological and geophysical costs and were expensed on the statement of operations during the applicable periods. For capitalized costs, the Company incurred $912,511 and $0 for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively; of the costs incurred during the current period, approximately $270,000 relates to drilling costs and approximately $650,000 relates to acquisition costs for the optioned assets (see Optioned Assets below). Both drilling and acquisition costs were capitalized and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024. There were no capitalized costs incurred in the same period during 2023.
Leases
South Salinas Project
As of January 31, 2024, the Company holds interests in various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 7); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers 8,417 acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022 and currently, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 and the HV-3A wells; such drilling maintains the validity of the lease.
The second lease covers 160 acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2023 through October 2024.
During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers 360 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $25/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2024 through February 2025. The second group of leases covers 307.75 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.
McCool Ranch Oil Field
In October 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project; the Company initially recorded a payment of $100,000 upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it was capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets. With refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company is obligated to pay an additional $400,000 per the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement; it has paid approximately $80,000 during the quarter for restarting production operations on the assets and has recorded a liability of $320,000 for the remainder as of the end of the period. These additional costs are capitalized costs and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024. As of the date of this filing, the Company has paid an additional $70,000 on the McCool Ranch assets, reducing the liability to approximately $250,000.
Optioned Assets – Old Man Prospect
In October 2023, the Company and Lantos Energy entered into an option agreement, whereby the Company has the option to pay two initial payments of $12,500 each and a final subsequent payment of $175,000, for a total of $200,000 within 120 days of the effective date for exclusive rights to the option to purchase 80% of the 100% Before Project Payout Working Interest (“BPPWI”) in Lantos’ oil and gas leasehold interests in Solano County, California (referred to as the Old Man Prospect). As of January 31, 2024, the Company has paid approximately $25,000 towards the purchase of this option. Due to technical risks identified during due diligence and due to other considerations, the Company did not make the final $175,000 payment and as a result the 120-day option period has expired.
Optioned Assets – Asphalt Ridge Leasehold Acquisition & Development Option Agreement
On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“ARLO Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil (“HSO”) for a term of nine months for a % production share in HOS’s leases and 960-acre drilling and production program. The ARLO Agreement also allows the Company the exclusive right to acquire up to a 20% interest in the Asphalt Ridge leases for $2,000,000, which may be invested in tranches by the Company, with an initial tranche closing for an amount no less than $500,000. The tranche funding is contingent upon HSO providing certain required items to the Company.
On December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the ARLO Agreement, whereby the Company funded $200,000 of the $500,000 payable by the Company to HSO at the Initial Closing, in advance of HSO satisfying certain required items for a 2% interest in the leases; such funds are to be used by HSO solely for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development of the leases. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has paid a total of $225,000 to HSO in costs related to infrastructure and has obtained a 2.25% interest in the leases; such costs are capitalized costs and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024.
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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS |
3 Months Ended |
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Jan. 31, 2024 | |
| Related Party Transactions [Abstract] | |
| RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS | NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
South Salinas Project – Related Party
The Company was originally formed to acquire Trio LLC’s working interest in the South Salinas Project, and subsequently partner with certain members of Trio LLC’s management to develop and operate those assets (see Note 1 and Note 5). Trio LLC operates the South Salinas Project on behalf of the Company, and as operator, conducts and has full control of the operations within the constraints of the Joint Operating Agreement, and acts in the capacity of an independent contractor. Trio LLC currently holds a 3.8% working interest in the South Salinas Project and the Company holds an 85.75% working interest. The Company provides funds to Trio LLC to develop and operate the assets in the South Salinas Project; such funds are classified in the short-term asset/liability section of the balance sheet as Advance to Operators/Due to Operators, respectively. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the balance of the Due to Operators account is $91,395 and $21,651, respectively.
McCool Ranch Oil Field Asset Purchase – Related Party
On October 16, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement (“McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement”) with Trio LLC for purchase of a 21.918315% working interest in the McCool Ranch Oil Field located in Monterey County near the Company’s flagship South Salinas Project (see Note 5); the Assets are situated in what is known as the “Hangman Hollow Area” of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. The Company initially recorded a payment of $100,000 upon execution of the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement, at which time Trio LLC began refurbishment operations with respect to the San Ardo WD-1 water disposal well (the “WD-1”) to determine if it was capable of reasonably serving the produced water needs for the assets. With refurbishment successfully accomplished, the Company is obligated to pay an additional $400,000 per the McCool Ranch Purchase Agreement; it has paid approximately $80,000 during the quarter for restarting production operations on the assets and has recorded a liability of $320,000 to Trio LLC as of January 31, 2024.
Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) issued to Directors
On September 2, 2023, the Company issued an aggregate shares of its $ par common stock to four outside directors with a fair value of $ per share for a grant date value of $273,275. The shares, or RSUs, vest in full upon the six-month anniversary of the vesting commencement date (or August 28,2023), subject to the directors’ continued service on the vesting date. For the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation in the amount of $ and $, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $ as of the period ended January 31, 2024.
Restricted Shares issued to Executives and Employees
In February 2022, the Company entered into employee agreements with Frank Ingriselli (former Chief Executive Officer) and Greg Overholtzer (Chief Financial Officer or “CFO”) which, among other things, provided for the grant of restricted shares in the amounts of and , respectively, pursuant to the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“the Plan”). Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest over a two-year period, under which % will vest upon the earlier of three months after the IPO or six months after the grant date. After this date, the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. As the Plan was not adopted until October 17, 2022 (see Note 7), these shares will be recorded as of that date at a fair value of $ per share; such value was calculated via a third-party valuation performed using income and market methods, as well as a discounted cash flow method, with the terminal value using a market multiples method, adjusted for a lack of marketability (see Note 10). As of October 31, 2022, the Company recorded restricted shares at a fair value of $, and for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $ and $, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $ as of January 31, 2024.
In May 2023, the Company entered into six employee agreements which, among other things, provided for the grant of an aggregate of restricted shares pursuant to the Plan. Per the terms of the employee agreements, subject to continued employment, the restricted shares vest as follows: % of the shares will vest five months after the issuance date, after which the remainder vest in equal tranches every six months until fully vested. The shares were recorded on the date of issuance at a fair value of $ per share for an aggregate fair value of $1,505,000, and for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $ and $, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $ as of the period ended January 31, 2024.
On October 16, 2023, the Company and Michael L. Peterson entered into an employment agreement (the “Peterson Employment Agreement”), effective as of October 23, 2023, pursuant to which Mr. Peterson will serve as Chief Executive Officer of the Company, replacing Mr. Ingriselli. Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, Mr. Peterson will be paid an annual base salary of $350,000. In addition, Mr. Peterson is entitled to receive, subject to his continuing employment with the Company on the applicable date of the bonus payout, an annual target discretionary bonus of up to 100% of his annual base salary, payable at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board based upon the Company’s and Mr. Peterson’s achievement of objectives and milestones to be determined on an annual basis by the Board.
Pursuant to the Peterson Employment Agreement, the Company issued Mr. Peterson a grant of shares of restricted stock pursuant to the Company’s Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) at a fair value of $ per share for a grant date fair value of $271,000. The restricted stock grant vests over a period of two years, with % of the shares of restricted stock vesting six months after the Peterson Employment Agreement Effective Date, and the remainder vesting in equal tranches on each of the 12-, 18-, and 24-month anniversary dates of the Peterson Employment Agreement. For the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized stock-based compensation of $ and $, respectively, within stock-based compensation expenses on the income statement, with unrecognized expense of $ as of the period ended January 31, 2024.
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COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 | |
| Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] | |
| COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES | NOTE 7 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
From time to time, the Company is subject to various claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. Management believes that any liability of the Company that may arise out of or with respect to these matters will not materially adversely affect the financial position, results of operations, or cash flows of the Company.
Unproved Property Leases
The Company holds interests in various leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project (see Note 5); two of the leases are held with the same lessor. The first lease, which covers 8,417 acres, was amended on May 27, 2022 to provide for an extension of then-current force majeure status for an additional, uncontested twelve months, during which the Company would be released from having to evidence to the lessor the existence of force majeure conditions. As consideration for the granting of the lease extension, the Company paid the lessor a one-time, non-refundable payment of $252,512; this amount was capitalized and reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of October 31, 2022. The extension period commenced on June 19, 2022 and currently, the “force majeure” status has been extinguished by the drilling of the HV-1 and the HV-3A wells; such drilling maintains the validity of the lease.
The second lease covers 160 acres of the South Salinas Project; it is currently held by delay rental and is renewed every three years. Until drilling commences, the Company is required to make delay rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the delay rental payment for the period from October 2023 through October 2024.
The Company holds interests in various leases related to the unproved properties of the McCool Ranch Oil Field. These leases occur in two parcels, “Parcel 1” and “Parcel 2”. Parcel 1 comprises ten leases and approximately 480 acres, which are held by delay rental payments that are paid-up and current. Parcel 2 comprises one lease and approximately 320 acres, which is held by production. The total leasehold comprises approximately 800 gross and net acres.
During February and March of 2023, the Company entered into additional leases related to the unproved properties of the South Salinas Project with two groups of lessors. The first group of leases covers 360 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $25/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period February 2024 through February 2025. The second group of leases covers 307.75 acres and has a term of 20 years; the Company is required to make rental payments of $30/acre per year. The Company is currently in compliance with this requirement and has paid in advance the rental payment for the period from March 2023 through March 2024.
On November 10, 2023, the Company entered into a leasehold acquisition and development option agreement (“ARLO Agreement”) with Heavy Sweet Oil (“HSO”) for a term of nine months for a % production share in HOS’s leases and 960-acre drilling and production program. The ARLO Agreement also allows the Company the exclusive right to acquire up to a 20% interest in the Asphalt Ridge leases for $2,000,000, which may be invested in tranches by the Company, with an initial tranche closing for an amount no less than $500,000. The tranche funding is contingent upon HSO providing certain required items to the Company.
On December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the ARLO Agreement, whereby the Company funded $200,000 of the $500,000 payable by the Company to HSO at the Initial Closing, in advance of HSO satisfying certain required items for a 2% interest in the leases; such funds are to be used by HSO solely for the building of roads and related infrastructure in furtherance of the development of the leases. As of January 31, 2024, the Company has paid a total of $225,000 to HSO in costs related to infrastructure and has obtained a 2.25% interest in the leases; such costs are capitalized costs and are reflected in the balance of the oil and gas property as of January 31, 2024.
Board of Directors Compensation
On July 11, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved compensation for each of the non-employee directors of the Company, which would be effective upon the consummation of the IPO. Such compensation is structured as follows: an annual retainer of $ cash plus an additional $ for each Board committee upon which the Director serves, each paid quarterly in arrears. Payment for this approved compensation commenced upon successful completion of the Company’s IPO in April 2023; for the three months ended January 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has recognized $56,685 and $0, respectively, in directors’ fees.
Agreements with Advisors
On October 4, 2023 and December 29, 2023, the Company entered into placement agent agreements with Spartan Capital Securities, LLC (“Spartan”), whereby Spartan will serve as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the closing of private placements. The agreements provide the agent with i) a cash fee 7.5% of the aggregate proceeds raised in the sale and ii) warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the number of common shares initially issuable upon conversion of each note tranche; warrants to purchase 83,333 and 55,000 common shares with exercise prices of $1.32 and $0.55 for the first and second tranches, respectively, were issued to Spartan as of January 31, 2024. Such warrants may be exercised beginning 6 months after issuance until four- and one-half years thereafter.
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NOTES PAYABLE |
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| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTES PAYABLE | NOTE 8 – NOTES PAYABLE
Notes payable as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
Convertible note – investors (October 2023 SPA)
On October 4, 2023, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “October 2023 SPA”) with an investor; the October 2023 SPA provides for loans in an aggregate principal amount of up to $3.5 million under two tranches, with first and second tranche fund amounts of $2.0 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The first tranche will be immediately funded upon closing and the second tranche will be funded after the Company provides written confirmation to the investor and subject to the mutual consent of the investor and the Company that (i) stockholder approval of the transactions has been obtained for the purpose of complying with the NYSE/NYSE American Rules; (ii) that a resale Registration Statement on Form S-1 (the “Resale Registration Statement”) has been declared effective by the SEC for the registration of the shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Note and the Warrant and (iii) there is no Event of Default (as defined in the October 2023 SPA that has occurred or will occur as a result of such additional funding and in full force and effect).
In consideration for the investor’s funding of the first tranche, the Company issued and sold to the investor, in a private placement, i) a senior secured convertible promissory note in the aggregate principal amount of $2,000,000 (the “Note”) and ii) a warrant to purchase up to 866,702 shares of Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $1.20 per share of Common Stock, subject to certain adjustments (the “Common Warrant”). The Note is initially convertible into shares of Common Stock at conversion price of $1.20, subject to certain adjustments (the “Conversion Price”), provided that the Conversion Price shall not be reduced below $0.35 (the “Floor Price”). The Note does not bear any interest and matures on April 4, 2025.
Upon the initial funding on October 4, 2023, the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $2.0 million, a 7% original issue discount of $140,000 and debt issuance costs of $350,320, for net proceeds of approximately $1.5 million. The Company also issued a warrant to purchase up to 866,702 shares of common stock with an aggregate relative fair value of $332,630; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $, an exercise price of $, an expected term of years, annualized volatility of %, a dividend rate of percent and a discount rate of 4.72%.
The Company is required to pay to the investor the outstanding principal balance under the Note in monthly installments, on such date and each one (1) month anniversary thereof, in an amount equal to 103% of the total principal amount multiplied by the quotient determined by dividing one by the number of months remaining until the maturity date of the Note, until the outstanding principal amount has been paid in full or, if earlier, upon acceleration, conversion or redemption of the Note in accordance with its terms. All monthly payments are payable by the Company, in cash, provided that under certain circumstances, as provided in the Note, the Company may elect to pay in shares of Common Stock.
On December 18, 2023, December 19, 2023 and January 12, 2024, the Company made principal payments in the amounts of $125,000, $125,000, and $125,000, respectively, which it converted into shares at 103% for conversion amounts of $128,750, $128,750 and $128,750, respectively. The applicable conversion prices for each payment were $0.27, $0.27 and $0.24, respectively, with conversion shares issued numbering , and , respectively, and cash payments of $36,698, $35,837 and $49,935 made to the investor for the difference between the monthly conversion price and the floor price listed in the most recent amendment to the agreement.
On December 29, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the 2nd Tranche of the October 2023 SPA, which reduced the conversion price of note and exercise price of warrant from $1.20 to $0.50.
On January 2, 2024, the 2nd Tranche of the October 2023 SPA was funded, and the Company recorded gross proceeds of approximately $550,000, a 7% original issue discount of $38,500 and debt issuance costs of $90,978, for net proceeds of approximately $421,000. The Company also issued warrants to purchase up to 445,564 shares of common stock with an aggregate relative fair value of $98,708; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $, an exercise price of $, an expected term of years, annualized volatility of %, a dividend rate of percent and a discount rate of 3.93%.
As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the balance of the convertible note, net of discounts, was $1,270,927 and $1,217,597, respectively, with non-cash interest expense related to discounts recognized in the amounts of $159,298 and $40,547, respectively.
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STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
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| Equity [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | NOTE 9 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Shares
On November 11, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with a vendor to provide marketing and distribution services for a period of six months, with compensation in the form of shares. The Company issued the vendor common shares at a fair market value price of $ per share for a total amount of $95,200; one half of this amount was recognized as marketing fees in the current quarter, with the other half to be recognized in the subsequent quarter.
On December 18, 2023, December 19, 2023 and January 12, 2024, the Company made principal payments in the amounts of $125,000, $125,000, and $125,000, respectively, which it converted into shares at 103% for conversion amounts of $128,750, $128,750 and $128,750, respectively. The applicable conversion prices for each payment were $0.27, $0.27 and $0.24, respectively, with conversion shares issued numbering , and , respectively, for total values of $125,071, $114,036 and $105,575, respectively, and cash payments of $36,698, $35,837 and $49,935, respectively, made to the investor for the difference between the monthly conversion price and the floor price listed in the most recent amendment to the agreement.
Warrants
October 2023 SPA with Warrants
On October 4, 2023 and December 29, 2023, the Company entered into placement agent agreements with Spartan (see Note 7 for further information) for their role in connection with the two tranche fundings related to the October 2023 SPA; among other things, the agreements provide the agent with equity-classified warrants to purchase a number of common shares equal to 5% of the number of common shares initially issuable upon conversion of each note tranche. For the 1st Tranche, the Company issued to Spartan warrants to purchase 83,333 shares of common stock with a fair value of $38,029; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $, an exercise price of $, an expected term of years, annualized volatility of %, a dividend rate of percent and a discount rate of 4.72%.
For the 2nd Tranche, the Company issued to Spartan warrants to purchase 55,000 common shares of common stock with a fair value of $14,753; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $, an exercise price of $, an expected term of years, annualized volatility of %, a dividend rate of percent and a discount rate of 3.93%.
On January 2, 2024, the 2nd Tranche of the October 2023 SPA was funded (see Note 8 for further information); in connection with this funding, the Company issued to the investor warrants to purchase up to 445,564 shares of common stock with an aggregate relative fair value of $98,708; the factors used to determine fair value were a share price of $, an exercise price of $, an expected term of years, annualized volatility of %, a dividend rate of percent and a discount rate of 3.93%.
A summary of the warrant activity during the three months ended January 31, 2024 is presented below:
A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of January 31, 2024 is presented below:
Stock Options
On August 15, 2023, the Company issued five-year options to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock to a consultant of the Company, pursuant to the Plan. The options have an exercise price of $ per share and vest monthly over a period of months, beginning on the vesting commencement date. The options have a grant date fair value of $, which will be recognized over the vesting term.
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SUBSEQUENT EVENTS |
3 Months Ended |
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Jan. 31, 2024 | |
| Subsequent Events [Abstract] | |
| SUBSEQUENT EVENTS | NOTE 10 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
In accordance with ASC 855 – Subsequent Events, which establishes general standards of accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before condensed financial statements are issued, the Company has evaluated all events and transactions that occurred after January 31, 2024, through the date the condensed financial statements are available for filing.
Amendment to the First Tranche Note
On February 5, 2024, the Company entered into the first amendment to the First Tranche Note of the October 2023 SPA; such amendment provides for i) a reduction of the floor price of the conversion price from $0.35 to $0.15, ii) the issuance of additional shares of common stock to the investor in lieu of the Company’s obligation to pay cash installments under the First Tranche Note, and iii) a new obligation of the Company to request acceleration of monthly payments in installments of $250,000 as soon as possible to repay the remaining $1,000,000 principal balance of the First Tranche Note, with the investor converting and selling shares subject to a) the beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99% and b) market prices of the Company’s common stock being at or above the floor price of $0.15.
Notice of Noncompliance with NYSE American Listing Standards
On February 26, 2024, the Company received a deficiency letter from the NYSE American indicating that it was not in compliance with the continued listing standards as set forth in Section 1003(f)(v) of the NYSE American Company Guide. Specifically, the Notice informed the Company that the NYSE American has determined that the shares of the Company’s common stock have been selling for a low price per share for a substantial period of time, and pursuant to Section 1003(f)(v) of the Company Guide, the Company’s continued listing is predicated on it demonstrating sustained price improvement by no later than August 26, 2024.
Restarting of Oil Production in McCool Ranch Oil Field
On March 4, 2024, the Company announced that the first two wells of the McCool Ranch Oil Field had been successfully restarted and were producing approximately 400 barrels of liquids including oil and water. |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) |
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| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). Amounts presented in the balance sheet as of October 31, 2023 are derived from our audited financial statements as of that date. The unaudited condensed financial statements as of and for the three month periods ended January 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and the interim reporting rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto contained in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2024. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments (unless otherwise indicated), necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been reflected herein. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
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| Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, equity-based transaction and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the revenue and expenses during the reporting period.
Making estimates requires management to exercise significant judgment. It is at least reasonably possible that the estimate of the effect of a condition, situation or set of circumstances that existed at the date of the financial statement, which management considered in formulating its estimate, could change in the near term due to one or more future confirming events. Some of the more significant estimates required to be made by management include estimates of oil and natural gas reserves (when and if assigned) and related present value estimates of future net cash flows therefrom, the carrying value of oil and natural gas properties, accounts receivable, bad debt expense, ARO and the valuation of equity-based transactions. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
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| Cash and cash equivalents | Cash and cash equivalents
The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023.
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| Prepaid Expenses | Prepaid Expenses
Prepaid expenses consist primarily of prepaid services which will be expensed as the services are provided within twelve months. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the balances of the prepaids account were $127,120 and $133,417, respectively.
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| Debt Issuance Costs | Debt Issuance Costs
Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of the Company’s debt have been recorded as a direct reduction against the debt and amortized over the life of the associated debt as a component of interest expense. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company recorded $90,978 and $350,320 in debt issuance costs, respectively.
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| Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs – Successful Efforts | Oil and Gas Assets and Exploration Costs – Successful Efforts
The Company is in the exploration stage and has not yet realized any revenues from its operations. It applies the successful efforts method of accounting for crude oil and natural gas properties. Under this method, exploration costs such as exploratory, geological, and geophysical costs, delay rentals and exploratory overhead are expensed as incurred. If an exploratory property provides evidence to justify potential development of reserves, drilling costs associated with the property are initially capitalized, or suspended, pending a determination as to whether a commercially sufficient quantity of proved reserves can be attributed to the area as a result of drilling. At the end of each quarter, management reviews the status of all suspended exploratory property costs considering ongoing exploration activities; in particular, whether the Company is making sufficient progress in its ongoing exploration and appraisal efforts. If management determines that future appraisal drilling or development activities are unlikely to occur, associated exploratory well costs are expensed.
Costs to acquire mineral interests in crude oil and/or natural gas properties, drill and equip exploratory wells that find proved reserves and drill and equip development wells are capitalized. Acquisition costs of unproved leaseholds are assessed for impairment during the holding period and transferred to proven crude oil and/or natural gas properties to the extent associated with successful exploration activities. Significant undeveloped leases are assessed individually for impairment, based on the Company’s current exploration plans, and a valuation allowance is provided if impairment is indicated. Capitalized costs from successful exploration and development activities associated with producing crude oil and/or natural gas leases, along with capitalized costs for support equipment and facilities, are amortized to expense using the unit-of-production method based on proved crude oil and/or natural gas reserves on a field-by-field basis, as estimated by qualified petroleum engineers. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, all of the Company’s oil and gas properties were classified as unproved properties and were not subject to depreciation, depletion and amortization.
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| Unproved oil and natural gas properties | Unproved oil and natural gas properties
Unproved oil and natural gas properties have unproved lease acquisition costs, which are capitalized until the lease expires or otherwise until the Company specifically identifies a lease that will revert to the lessor, at which time the Company charges the associated unproved lease acquisition costs to exploration costs.
Unproved oil and natural gas properties are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment on a property-by-property basis based on remaining lease terms, drilling results or future plans to develop acreage. All of the Company’s natural gas properties were classified as unproved as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023; see further discussion in Note 5.
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| Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets | Impairment of Other Long-lived Assets
The Company reviews the carrying value of its long-lived assets annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the historical cost-carrying value of an asset may no longer be appropriate. The Company assesses the recoverability of the carrying value of the asset by estimating the future net undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the asset, including eventual disposition. If the future net undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, an impairment loss is recorded equal to the difference between the asset’s carrying value and estimated fair value. With regards to oil and gas properties, this assessment applies to proved properties.
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| Asset Retirement Obligations | Asset Retirement Obligations
ARO consists of future plugging and abandonment expenses on oil and natural gas properties. In connection with the SSP acquisition described above, the Company acquired the plugging and abandonment liabilities associated with six non-producing wells. The fair value of the ARO was recorded as a liability in the period in which the wells were acquired with a corresponding increase in the carrying amount of oil and natural gas properties not subject to impairment. The Company plans to utilize the six wellbores acquired in the SSP acquisition in future exploration, production and/or disposal (i.e., disposal of produced water or CO2 by injection) activities. The liability is accreted for the change in its present value each period based on the expected dates that the wellbores will be required to be plugged and abandoned. The capitalized cost of ARO is included in oil and gas properties and is a component of oil and gas property costs for purposes of impairment and, if proved reserves are found, such capitalized costs will be depreciated using the units-of-production method. The asset and liability are adjusted for changes resulting from revisions to the timing or the amount of the original estimate when deemed necessary. If the liability is settled for an amount other than the recorded amount, a gain or loss is recognized.
Components of the changes in ARO are shown below:
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| Related Parties | Related Parties
Related parties are directly or indirectly related to the Company, through one or more intermediaries and are in control, controlled by, or under common control with the Company. Related parties also include principal owners of the Company, its management, members of the immediate families of principal owners of the Company and its management and other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests. The Company discloses all related party transactions. On September 14, 2021, the Company acquired an 82.75% working interest (which was subsequently increased to an 85.75% working interest as of April 2023) in the SSP from Trio LLC in exchange for cash, a note payable to Trio LLC and the issuance of million shares of common stock. As of the date of the acquisition, Trio LLC owned % of the outstanding shares of the Company and was considered a related party. As of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, Trio LLC owned less than % and %, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the Company.
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| Income Taxes | Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets, including tax loss and credit carry forwards, and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.
The Company utilizes ASC 740, Income Taxes, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been included in the financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method to compute the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the related financial amounts, using currently enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance is recorded when it is “more likely than not” that a deferred tax asset will not be realized. At January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023, the Company’s net deferred tax asset has been fully reserved.
For uncertain tax positions that meet a “more likely than not” threshold, the Company recognizes the benefit of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements. The Company’s practice is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense in the statements of operations when a determination is made that such expense is likely. The Company is subject to income tax examinations by major taxing authorities since inception.
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| Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements
The carrying values of financial instruments comprising cash and cash equivalents, payables, and notes payable-related party approximate fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The notes payable- related party is considered a level 3 measurement. As defined in ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (exit price). The Company utilizes market data or assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability, including assumptions about risk and the risks inherent in the inputs to the valuation technique. These inputs can be readily observable, market corroborated, or generally unobservable. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurement) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurement). This fair value measurement framework applies to both initial and subsequent measurement.
There are no assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a non-recurring basis in accordance with the fair value hierarchy include the initial allocation of the asset acquisition purchase price, including asset retirement obligations, the fair value of oil and natural gas properties and the assessment of impairment.
The fair value measurements and allocation of assets acquired are measured on a nonrecurring basis on the acquisition date using an income valuation technique based on inputs that are not observable in the market and therefore represent Level 3 inputs. Significant inputs used to determine the fair value include estimates of: (i) reserves; (ii) future commodity prices; (iii) operating and development costs; and (iv) a market-based weighted average cost of capital rate. The underlying commodity prices embedded in the Company’s estimated cash flows are the product of a process that begins with NYMEX forward curve pricing, adjusted for estimated location and quality differentials, as well as other factors that the Company’s management believes will impact realizable prices. These inputs require significant judgments and estimates by the Company’s management at the time of the valuation.
The fair value of additions to the asset retirement obligation liabilities is measured using valuation techniques consistent with the income approach, which converts future cash flows to a single discounted amount. Significant inputs to the valuation include: (i) estimated plug and abandonment cost per well for all oil and natural gas wells and for all disposal wells; (ii) estimated remaining life per well; (iii) future inflation factors; and (iv) the Company’s average credit-adjusted risk-free rate. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
If the carrying amount of its proved oil and natural gas properties, which are assessed for impairment under ASC 360 – Property, Plant and Equipment, exceeds the estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company will adjust the carrying amount of the oil and natural gas properties to fair value. The fair value of its oil and natural gas properties is determined using valuation techniques consistent with the income and market approach. The factors used to determine fair value are subject to management’s judgment and expertise and include, but are not limited to, recent sales prices of comparable properties, the present value of future cash flows, net of estimated operating and development costs using estimates of proved reserves, future commodity pricing, future production estimates, anticipated capital expenditures, and various discount rates commensurate with the risk and current market conditions associated with the expected cash flow projected. These assumptions represent Level 3 inputs.
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| Environmental Expenditures | Environmental Expenditures
The operations of the Company have been, and may in the future be, affected from time to time to varying degrees by changes in environmental regulations, including those for future reclamation and site restoration costs. Both the likelihood of new regulations and their overall effect upon the Company vary greatly and are not predictable. The Company’s policy is to meet or, if possible, surpass standards set by relevant legislation by application of technically proven and economically feasible measures.
Environmental expenditures that relate to ongoing environmental and reclamation programs are charged against earnings as incurred or capitalized and amortized depending on their future economic benefits. All of these types of expenditures incurred since inception have been charged against earnings due to the uncertainty of their future recoverability. Estimated future reclamation and site restoration costs, when the ultimate liability is reasonably determinable, are charged against earnings over the estimated remaining life of the related business operation, net of expected recoveries.
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Recent Accounting Pronouncements
All recently issued but not yet effective accounting pronouncements have been deemed to be not applicable or immaterial to the Company. |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN ARO | Components of the changes in ARO are shown below:
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OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SCHEDULE OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES | The following tables summarize the Company’s oil and gas activities.
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NOTES PAYABLE (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SCHEDULE OF NOTES PAYABLE | Notes payable as of January 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023 consisted of the following:
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STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Tables) |
3 Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Jan. 31, 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SCHEDULE OF WARRANT ACTIVITY | A summary of the warrant activity during the three months ended January 31, 2024 is presented below:
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| SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE WARRANTS | A summary of outstanding and exercisable warrants as of January 31, 2024 is presented below:
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| SCHEDULE OF STOCK OPTION ACTIVITY |
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| SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE OPTIONS |
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| SCHEDULE OF ASSUMPTIONS USED IN BLACK-SCHOLES VALUATION METHOD FOR OPTIONS |
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SCHEDULE OF COMPONENTS OF CHANGES IN ARO (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Jan. 31, 2023 |
Oct. 31, 2023 |
|
| Accounting Policies [Abstract] | |||
| ARO, ending balance | $ 51,091 | ||
| Accretion expense | 695 | $ 695 | |
| ARO, ending balance | 51,786 | ||
| Less: ARO - current | 2,778 | ||
| ARO, net of current portion | $ 49,008 | $ 48,313 | |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($) shares in Millions |
Sep. 14, 2021 |
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Oct. 31, 2023 |
Apr. 30, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash equivalents | $ 0 | $ 0 | ||
| Prepaid expense | 127,120 | 133,417 | ||
| Debt issuance costs | $ 90,978 | $ 350,320 | ||
| Trio LLC [Member] | ||||
| Issuance of shares | 4.9 | |||
| Business acquisition percentage | 45.00% | 2.00% | 1.00% | |
| Trio LLC [Member] | South Salinas Project [Member] | ||||
| Business acquisition percentage. | 82.75% | 85.75% | 85.75% |
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING (Details Narrative) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | |
|---|---|---|
Apr. 20, 2023 |
Mar. 31, 2024 |
|
| Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items] | ||
| Proceeds from public offering | $ 4,940,000 | $ 4,940,000 |
| IPO [Member] | ||
| Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items] | ||
| Number of sale of stock | 2,000,000 | |
| Sale of stock price per share | $ 3.00 | |
| Proceeds from sale of stock | $ 6,000,000 | |
| Over-Allotment Option [Member] | ||
| Subsidiary, Sale of Stock [Line Items] | ||
| Warrants to purchase shares | 100,000 | |
| Warrants exercise price | $ 3.30 | |
| Public offering price, percentage | 110.00% |
SCHEDULE OF OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROPERTIES (Details) - USD ($) |
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Oct. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract] | ||
| Oil and gas properties – not subject to amortization | $ 10,860,253 | $ 9,947,742 |
| Accumulated impairment | ||
| Oil and gas properties – not subject to amortization, net | $ 10,860,253 | $ 9,947,742 |
SCHEDULE OF NOTES PAYABLE (Details) - USD ($) |
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Oct. 31, 2023 |
|---|---|---|
| Debt Disclosure [Abstract] | ||
| Convertible note, net of discounts | $ 1,270,927 | $ 1,217,597 |
| Total Notes payable | $ 1,270,927 | $ 1,217,597 |
SCHEDULE OF WARRANT ACTIVITY (Details) - USD ($) |
3 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended |
|---|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 |
Oct. 31, 2023 |
|
| Equity [Abstract] | ||
| Number of warrants outstanding, beginning | 1,766,702 | |
| Weighted average, exercise price, beginning | $ 1.12 | |
| Weighted average remaining life in years | 4 years | 7 years 3 months 18 days |
| Intrinsic value, beginning | ||
| Number of warrants issued | 583,897 | |
| Weighted average, exercise price, issued | $ 0.62 | |
| Weighted average remaining life in years | 4 years 10 months 24 days | |
| Number of warrants outstanding, ending | 2,350,599 | 1,766,702 |
| Weighted average, exercise price, ending | $ 0.99 | $ 1.12 |
| Intrinsic value, ending | $ 61,600 | |
| Warrants outstanding, exercisable | 2,212,266 | |
| Weighted average, exercise price, exercisable | $ 0.99 | |
| Weighted average remaining life in years, Exercisable | 3 years 10 months 24 days | |
| Intrinsic value, exercisable ending | $ 61,600 |
SCHEDULE OF OUTSTANDING AND EXERCISABLE OPTIONS (Details) - Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option [Member] |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
|
Jan. 31, 2024
$ / shares
shares
| |
| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
| Options outstanding number of shares | 120,000 |
| Options exercisable number of shares | 105,000 |
| Exercise Price Range One [Member] | |
| Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Option, Exercise Price Range [Line Items] | |
| Options outstanding exercise price | $ / shares | $ 0.52 |
| Options outstanding number of shares | 120,000 |
| Options exercisable, weighted average remaining life in years | 4 years 6 months |
| Options exercisable number of shares | 105,000 |
SCHEDULE OF ASSUMPTIONS USED IN BLACK-SCHOLES VALUATION METHOD FOR OPTIONS (Details) |
3 Months Ended |
|---|---|
Jan. 31, 2024 | |
| Equity [Abstract] | |
| Risk free interest rate | 4.36% |
| Expected term (years) | 5 years |
| Expected volatility | 137.10% |
| Expected dividends | 0.00% |
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (Details Narrative) |
Feb. 05, 2024
$ / shares
shares
|
Mar. 04, 2024
Barrel
|
Jan. 12, 2024
$ / shares
|
Dec. 19, 2023
$ / shares
|
Dec. 18, 2023
$ / shares
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subsequent Event [Line Items] | |||||
| Conversion price | $ 0.24 | $ 0.27 | $ 0.27 | ||
| Subsequent Event [Member] | |||||
| Subsequent Event [Line Items] | |||||
| Description of amendment to first tranche note | i) a reduction of the floor price of the conversion price from $0.35 to $0.15, ii) the issuance of additional 2,395,611 shares of common stock to the investor in lieu of the Company’s obligation to pay cash installments under the First Tranche Note, and iii) a new obligation of the Company to request acceleration of monthly payments in installments of $250,000 as soon as possible to repay the remaining $1,000,000 principal balance of the First Tranche Note, with the investor converting and selling shares subject to a) the beneficial ownership limitation of 4.99% and b) market prices of the Company’s common stock being at or above the floor price of $0.15 | ||||
| Number of shares issued | shares | 2,395,611 | ||||
| Number of barrels of liquids produced | Barrel | 400 | ||||
| Subsequent Event [Member] | Maximum [Member] | |||||
| Subsequent Event [Line Items] | |||||
| Conversion price | $ 0.35 | ||||
| Subsequent Event [Member] | Minimum [Member] | |||||
| Subsequent Event [Line Items] | |||||
| Conversion price | $ 0.15 |