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Employee Benefits (Tables)
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Schedule of estimated future benefit payments
The Combined Pension Plan payments, post-retirement health care benefit payments and premiums, and life insurance premium payments are either distributed from plan assets or paid by us. The estimated benefit payments provided below are based on actuarial assumptions using the demographics of the employee and retiree populations and have been reduced by estimated participant contributions.
 
Combined Pension Plan
 
Post-Retirement
Benefit Plans
 
Medicare Part D
Subsidy Receipts
 
(Dollars in millions)
Estimated future benefit payments:
 
 
 
 
 
2019
$
966

 
277

 
(7
)
2020
938

 
269

 
(7
)
2021
916

 
261

 
(7
)
2022
891

 
252

 
(7
)
2023
867

 
243

 
(6
)
2024 - 2028
3,971

 
1,065

 
(26
)
Schedule of actuarial assumptions used to compute net periodic benefit expense
The actuarial assumptions used to compute the net periodic benefit expense for our Combined Pension Plan and post-retirement benefit plans are based upon information available as of the beginning of the year, as presented in the following table.
 
Combined Pension Plan
 
Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
Actuarial assumptions at beginning of year:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
3.14% - 3.69%

 
3.25% - 4.14%

 
3.34% - 4.46%

 
4.26
%
 
3.90
%
 
4.15
%
Rate of compensation increase
3.25
%
 
3.25
%
 
3.25
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets (1)
6.50
%
 
6.50
%
 
7.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
5.00
%
 
7.00
%
Initial health care cost trend rate
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
7.00% / 5.00%

 
7.00% / 5.00%

 
5.00% / 5.25%

Ultimate health care cost trend rate
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
4.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
4.50
%
Year ultimate trend rate is reached
N/A

 
N/A

 
N/A

 
2025

 
2025

 
2025

_______________________________________________________________________________

N/A - Not applicable
(1) Rates are presented net of projected fees and administrative costs.
Schedule of components of net periodic pension income and post-retirement benefit expense
Net periodic benefit (income) expense for our combined pension plan includes the following components:
 
Combined Pension Plan
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Service cost
$
66

 
63

 
64

Interest cost
392

 
409

 
425

Expected return on plan assets
(685
)
 
(666
)
 
(733
)
Special termination benefits charge
15

 
—

 
13

Recognition of prior service credit
(8
)
 
(8
)
 
(8
)
Recognition of actuarial loss
178

 
204

 
174

Net periodic pension benefit (income) expense
$
(42
)
 
2

 
(65
)


Net periodic benefit expense for our post-retirement benefit plans includes the following components:
 
Post-Retirement Plans
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Service cost
$
18

 
18

 
19

Interest cost
97

 
100

 
111

Expected return on plan assets
(1
)
 
(2
)
 
(7
)
Special termination benefits charge
—

 
—

 
3

Recognition of prior service cost
20

 
20

 
20

Net periodic post-retirement benefit expense
$
134

 
136

 
146
Schedule of actuarial assumptions used to compute the funded status for the plans
The actuarial assumptions used to compute the funded status for the plans are based upon information available as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 and are as follows:
 
Combined Pension Plan
 
Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
 
December 31,
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
Actuarial assumptions at end of year:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
4.29
%
 
3.57
%
 
4.26
%
 
3.53
%
Rate of compensation increase
3.25
%
 
3.25
%
 
N/A

 
N/A

Initial health care cost trend rate
N/A

 
N/A

 
7.00% / 5.00%

 
7.00% / 5.00%

Ultimate health care cost trend rate
N/A

 
N/A

 
4.50
%
 
4.50
%
Year ultimate trend rate is reached
N/A

 
N/A

 
2025

 
2025

_______________________________________________________________________________
N/A - Not applicable
Schedule of change in benefit obligation
The following tables summarize the change in the benefit obligations for the Combined Pension Plan and post-retirement benefit plans:
 
Combined Pension Plan
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
13,064

 
13,244

 
13,287

Service cost
66

 
63

 
64

Interest cost
392

 
409

 
425

Plan amendments
—

 
—

 
2

Special termination benefits charge
15

 
—

 
13

Actuarial (gain) loss
(765
)
 
586

 
487

Benefits paid by company
—

 
—

 
—

Benefits paid from plan assets
(1,178
)
 
(1,238
)
 
(1,034
)
Benefit obligation at end of year
$
11,594

 
13,064

 
13,244



 
Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Change in benefit obligation
 
 
 
 
 
Benefit obligation at beginning of year
$
3,375

 
3,413

 
3,567

Service cost
18

 
18

 
19

Interest cost
97

 
100

 
111

Participant contributions
54

 
54

 
57

Direct subsidy receipts
8

 
7

 
5

Special termination benefits charge
—

 
—

 
3

Plan Amendment
(36
)
 
—

 
—

Actuarial (gain) loss
(224
)
 
112

 
(13
)
Benefits paid by company
(311
)
 
(298
)
 
(191
)
Benefits paid from plan assets
(4
)
 
(31
)
 
(145
)
Benefit obligation at end of year
$
2,977

 
3,375

 
3,413
Schedule of change in plan assets
The following tables summarize the change in the fair value of plan assets for the Combined Pension Plan and post-retirement benefit plans:
 
Combined Pension Plan
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
$
11,060

 
10,892

 
11,072

Return on plan assets
(349
)
 
1,306

 
754

Employer contributions
500

 
100

 
100

Benefits paid from plan assets
(1,178
)
 
(1,238
)
 
(1,034
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
$
10,033

 
11,060

 
10,892


 
Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Dollars in millions)
Change in plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year
$
23

 
53

 
193

Return on plan assets
(1
)
 
1

 
5

Benefits paid from plan assets
(4
)
 
(31
)
 
(145
)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year
$
18

 
23

 
53
Schedule of gross notional exposure of the derivative instruments directly held by the plans
 
Gross Notional Exposure
 
Combined Pension Plan
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Dollars in millions)
Derivative instruments:
 
 
 
Exchange-traded U.S. equity futures
$
300

 
256

Exchange-traded Treasury and other interest rate futures
3,901

 
1,830

Interest rate swaps
83

 
137

Credit default swaps
66

 
100

Equity index swaps
—

 
1

Foreign exchange forwards
295

 
293

Options
192

 
259
Schedule of fair value of the plans' assets by asset category
The tables below present the fair value of plan assets by category and the input levels used to determine those fair values at December 31, 2018. It is important to note that the asset allocations do not include market exposures that are gained with derivatives. Investments include dividend and interest receivables, pending trades and accrued expenses.
 
Fair Value of Combined Pension Plan Assets at December 31, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Investment grade bonds (a)
$
458

 
1,393

 
—

 
$
1,851

High yield bonds (b)
—

 
277

 
7

 
284

Emerging market bonds (c)
151

 
181

 
—

 
332

U.S. stocks (e)
764

 
2

 
2

 
768

Non-U.S. stocks (f)
601

 
—

 
—

 
601

Private debt (i)
—

 
—

 
15

 
15

Multi-asset strategies (l)
342

 
—

 
—

 
342

Derivatives (m)
7

 
(2
)
 
—

 
5

Cash equivalents and short-term investments (n)
3

 
907

 
—

 
910

Total investments, excluding investments valued at NAV
$
2,326

 
2,758

 
24

 
5,108

Investments valued at NAV
 
 
 
 
 
 
4,925

Total pension plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
10,033


 
Fair Value of Post-Retirement Plan Assets at December 31, 2018
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Total investments, excluding investments valued at NAV
$
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Investments valued at NAV
 
 
 
 
 
 
18

Total post-retirement plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
18



The tables below present the fair value of plan assets by category and the input levels used to determine those fair values at December 31, 2017. It is important to note that the asset allocations do not include market exposures that are gained with derivatives. Investments include dividend and interest receivable, pending trades and accrued expenses.
 
Fair Value of Combined Pension Plan Assets at December 31, 2017
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Investment grade bonds (a)
$
432

 
1,315

 
—

 
$
1,747

High yield bonds (b)
—

 
575

 
7

 
582

Emerging market bonds (c)
217

 
219

 
1

 
437

U.S. stocks (e)
1,030

 
2

 
3

 
1,035

Non-U.S. stocks (f)
706

 
—

 
—

 
706

Private debt (i)
—

 
—

 
15

 
15

Multi-asset strategies (l)
440

 
—

 
—

 
440

Derivatives (m)
2

 
—

 
—

 
2

Cash equivalents and short-term investments (n)
—

 
476

 
1

 
477

Total investments, excluding investments valued at NAV
$
2,827

 
2,587

 
27

 
5,441

Investments valued at NAV
 
 
 
 
 
 
5,619

Total pension plan assets
 

 
 

 
 

 
$
11,060


 
Fair Value of Post-Retirement Plan Assets
at December 31, 2017
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
U.S. stocks (e)
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

Total investments, excluding investments valued at NAV
$
1

 
—

 
—

 
1

Investments valued at NAV
 
 
 
 
 
 
22

Total post-retirement plan assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
23



The table below presents the fair value of plan assets valued at NAV by category for our pension and post-retirement plans at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
 
Fair Value of Plan Assets Valued at NAV
 
Combined Pension Plan at
December 31,
 
Post-Retirement Benefit Plans at
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Dollars in millions)
Investment grade bonds (a)
$
109

 
163

 
—

 
—

High yield bonds (b)
388

 
483

 
—

 
—

Emerging market bonds (c)
—

 
14

 
—

 
—

Diversified strategies (d)
—

 
538

 
—

 
—

U.S. stocks (e)
150

 
73

 
—

 
—

Non-U.S. stocks (f)
500

 
627

 
—

 
—

Emerging market stocks (g)
75

 
98

 
—

 
—

Private equity (h)
347

 
460

 
6

 
10

Private debt (i)
452

 
374

 
1

 
1

Market neutral hedge funds (j)
746

 
769

 
—

 
—

Directional hedge funds (j)
512

 
636

 
—

 
—

Real estate (k)
821

 
903

 
—

 
1

Multi-asset strategies (l)
763

 
424

 
—

 
—

Cash equivalents and short-term investments (n)
62

 
57

 
11

 
10

Total investments valued at NAV
$
4,925

 
5,619

 
18

 
22
Summary of changes in fair value of defined benefit plans' Level 3 assets
The table below presents a rollforward of the pension plan assets valued using Level 3 inputs:
 
Combined Pension Plan Assets Valued Using Level 3 Inputs
 
High
Yield
Bonds
 
Emerging Market Bonds
 
U.S. Stocks
 
Private Debt
 
Cash
 
Total
 
(Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2016
$
11

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11

Net transfers
(1
)
 
—

 
—

 
14

 
—

 
13

Acquisitions
2

 
1

 
—

 
1

 
1

 
5

Dispositions
(5
)
 
—

 
3

 
—

 
—

 
(2
)
Balance at December 31, 2017
7

 
1

 
3

 
15

 
1

 
27

Dispositions
—

 
—

 
(2
)
 
—

 
(1
)
 
(3
)
Actual return on plan assets
—

 
(1
)
 
1

 
—

 
—

 
—

Balance at December 31, 2018
$
7

 
—

 
2

 
15

 
—

 
24
Schedule of the unfunded status of the benefit plans
The following table presents the unfunded status of the Combined Pension Plan and post-retirement benefit plans:
 
Combined Pension Plan
 
Post-Retirement
Benefit Plans
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2018
 
2017
 
(Dollars in millions)
Benefit obligation
$
(11,594
)
 
(13,064
)
 
(2,977
)
 
(3,375
)
Fair value of plan assets
10,033

 
11,060

 
18

 
23

Unfunded status
(1,561
)
 
(2,004
)
 
(2,959
)
 
(3,352
)
Current portion of unfunded status
—

 
—

 
(252
)
 
(262
)
Non-current portion of unfunded status
$
(1,561
)
 
(2,004
)
 
(2,707
)
 
(3,090
)
Schedule of items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense
The following table presents cumulative items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense as of December 31, 2017, items recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense in 2018, additional items deferred during 2018 and cumulative items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense as of December 31, 2018. The items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense have been recorded on our consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
 
As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
 
2017
 
Recognition
of Net
Periodic
Benefits
Expense
 
Deferrals
 
Net
Change in
AOCL
 
2018
 
(Dollars in millions)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial (loss) gain
$
(2,892
)
 
179

 
(260
)
 
(81
)
 
(2,973
)
Prior service benefit (cost)
54

 
(8
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
46

Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(1)
1,107

 
(418
)
 
65

 
(353
)
 
754

Total pension plans
(1,731
)
 
(247
)
 
(195
)
 
(442
)
 
(2,173
)
Post-retirement benefit plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial (loss) gain
(250
)
 
—

 
257

 
257

 
7

Prior service (cost) benefit
(107
)
 
20

 
—

 
20

 
(87
)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)(2)
122

 
(37
)
 
(63
)
 
(100
)
 
22

Total post-retirement benefit plans
(235
)
 
(17
)
 
194

 
177

 
(58
)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
$
(1,966
)
 
(264
)
 
(1
)
 
(265
)
 
(2,231
)

_______________________________________________________________________________
(1) Amounts currently recognized in net periodic benefits expense include $375 million of benefit arising from the adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note 1— Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further detail.
(2) Amounts currently recognized in net periodic benefits expense include $32 million arising from the adoption of ASU 2018-02. See Note 1— Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for further detail.

The following table presents cumulative items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense as of December 31, 2016, items recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense in 2017, additional items deferred during 2017 and cumulative items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense as of December 31, 2016. The items not recognized as a component of net periodic benefits expense have been recorded on our consolidated balance sheets in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
 
As of and for the Years Ended December 31,
 
2016
 
Recognition
of Net
Periodic
Benefits
Expense
 
Deferrals
 
Net
Change in
AOCL
 
2017
 
(Dollars in millions)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial (loss) gain
$
(3,148
)
 
205

 
51

 
256

 
(2,892
)
Prior service benefit (cost)
62

 
(8
)
 
—

 
(8
)
 
54

Deferred income tax benefit (expense)
1,191

 
(72
)
 
(12
)
 
(84
)
 
1,107

Total pension plans
(1,895
)
 
125

 
39

 
164

 
(1,731
)
Post-retirement benefit plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net actuarial (loss) gain
(137
)
 
—

 
(113
)
 
(113
)
 
(250
)
Prior service (cost) benefit
(127
)
 
20

 
—

 
20

 
(107
)
Deferred income tax benefit (expense)
102

 
(7
)
 
27

 
20

 
122

Total post-retirement benefit plans
(162
)
 
13

 
(86
)
 
(73
)
 
(235
)
Total accumulated other comprehensive loss
$
(2,057
)
 
138

 
(47
)
 
91

 
(1,966
)