10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended: September 30, 2024

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES

EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                

Commission File Number: 001-41090

Southland Holdings, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	87-1783910
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1100 Kubota Dr.

Grapevine, TX 76051

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(817) 293-4263

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SLND	NYSE American LLC
Redeemable warrants, exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share	SLND WS	NYSE American LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     ☒  Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     ☒  Yes  ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐  Yes  ☒ No

As of November 1, 2024, there were 48,105,512 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, issued and outstanding.

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I – Financial Information
ITEM 1. Financial Statements	1
ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	22
ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	32
ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures	33
PART II – Other Information	34
ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings	34
ITEM 1A. Risk Factors	34
ITEM 5. Other Information	34
ITEM 6. Exhibits	35
Signatures	37

Unless otherwise stated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”), references to the “Company,” “our,” “us,” “we,” or “Southland” refer to Southland Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 (the “Securities Act”), as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These statements are based on the reasonable beliefs and assumptions of our management. Forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Generally, statements that are not historical facts, including statements concerning possible or assumed future actions, business strategies, events or results of operations, are forward-looking statements. These statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “projects,” “forecasts,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “seeks,” “plans,” “scheduled,” “anticipates,” “intends” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report include, but are not limited to, statements about our ability to:

● Access, collect and use personal data about consumers;

● Execute our business strategy, including monetization of services provided and expansions in and into existing and new lines of business;

● Anticipate the uncertainties inherent in the development of new business lines and business strategies;

● Retain and hire necessary employees;

● Increase brand awareness;

● Attract, train and retain effective officers, key employees or directors;

● Upgrade and maintain information technology systems;

● Potential disruptions, failures or security breaches of the information technology systems on which we rely to conduct our business;

● Acquire, develop and protect intellectual property;

● Meet future liquidity requirements, maintain adequate working capital, and comply with restrictive covenants related to long-term indebtedness;

● Effectively respond to general economic, socioeconomic and other business conditions;

● Maintain the listing of our securities on the NYSE American LLC (“NYSE”) or another national securities exchange;

● Obtain additional capital, including use of debt and capital markets;

● Enhance future operating and financial results;

● Anticipate rapid technological changes;

● Comply with laws and regulations applicable to its business, including but not limited to laws and regulations related to data privacy and insurance operations;

● Stay abreast of modified or new laws and regulations applying to our business;

● Anticipate the impact of, and respond to, new accounting standards;

● Anticipate any change in interest rates which would change our cost of capital;

● Anticipate the significance and timing of contractual obligations;

● Maintain key strategic relationships with partners and distributors;

● Respond to uncertainties associated with product and service development and market acceptance;

● Anticipate the ability of the renewable sector to develop to the size or at the rate it expects;

● Anticipate the impact of various federal, state, and local government funding initiatives;

● Manage to finance operations on an economically viable basis;

● Anticipate the impact of new U.S. federal income tax law, including the impact on deferred tax assets; and

● Successfully defend, pursue or collect claims and litigation.

Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of performance and speak only as of the date hereof. While we believe that these forward-looking statements are reasonable, there can be no assurance that we will achieve or realize these plans, intentions, or expectations. You should understand that the following important factors, in addition to those discussed under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 (the “Annual Report”), “Item 1A. Risk Factors” to Part II in this Quarterly Report and other reports or documents we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report:

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● Litigation, complaints, product liability claims and/or adverse publicity;

● The impact of changes in consumer spending patterns, consumer preferences, local, regional and national economic conditions, crime, weather, demographic trends and employee availability;

● Increases and decreases in utility and other energy costs, increased costs related to utility or governmental requirements; and

● Privacy and data protection laws, privacy or data breaches or the loss of data.

These and other factors that could cause actual results to differ from those implied by the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are more fully described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Annual Report and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report. The risks described under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in the Annual Report are not exhaustive. Other sections of this Quarterly Report may describe additional factors that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. New risk factors emerge from time to time and it is not possible to predict all such risk factors, nor can we assess the impact of all such risk factors on the business, nor the extent to which any factor or combination of facts may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. We undertake no obligations to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.

In addition, statements of belief and similar statements reflect our reasonable beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us, as applicable, as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and such statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain, involve risks and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the headings “Item 1A. Risk Factors and “Item 2. Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in this Quarterly Report.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)

(Amounts in thousands, except share and per share data)	As of
ASSETS	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	91,378	$	49,176
Restricted cash		15,370		14,644
Accounts receivable, net		193,124		194,869
Retainage receivables		108,651		109,562
Contract assets		456,176		554,202
Other current assets		19,223		20,083
Total current assets		883,922		942,536
Property and equipment, net		114,034		102,150
Right-of-use assets		13,584		12,492
Investments - unconsolidated entities		125,588		121,648
Investments - limited liability companies		2,590		2,590
Investments - private equity		3,095		3,235
Deferred tax asset		39,334		11,496
Goodwill		1,528		1,528
Intangible assets, net		1,418		1,682
Other noncurrent assets		1,701		1,711
Total noncurrent assets		302,872		258,532
Total assets	$	1,186,794	$	1,201,068
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	164,897	$	162,464
Retainage payable		35,954		40,950
Accrued liabilities		101,939		124,667
Current portion of long-term debt		43,072		48,454
Short-term lease liabilities		8,829		14,081
Contract liabilities		243,505		193,351
Total current liabilities		598,196		583,967
Long-term debt		275,237		251,906
Long-term lease liabilities		6,085		5,246
Deferred tax liabilities		1,952		2,548
Long-term accrued liabilities		58,075		49,109
Financing obligations, net		41,464		—
Other noncurrent liabilities		47,751		47,728
Total long-term liabilities		430,564		356,537
Total liabilities		1,028,760		940,504
Commitment and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023		—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 500,000,000 shares, 48,105,512 and 47,891,984 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively		5		5
Additional paid-in-capital		271,798		270,330
Accumulated deficit		(120,463)		(19,253)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(2,276)		(1,460)
Total stockholders' equity		149,064		249,622
Noncontrolling interest		8,970		10,942
Total equity		158,034		260,564
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,186,794	$	1,201,068

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands except shares and per share data)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Revenue	$	173,320	$	312,472	$	712,929	$	844,228
Cost of construction		224,425		282,943		783,635		829,550
Gross profit (loss)		(51,105)		29,529		(70,706)		14,678
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		17,492		15,247		47,566		47,266
Operating income (loss)		(68,597)		14,282		(118,272)		(32,588)
Gain (loss) on investments, net		5		(21)		(18)		(3)
Other income, net		841		2,151		2,430		23,559
Interest expense		(7,520)		(6,231)		(19,895)		(13,790)
Earnings (losses) before income taxes		(75,271)		10,181		(135,755)		(22,822)
Income tax expense (benefit)		(17,142)		5,390		(32,796)		(11,446)
Net income (loss)		(58,129)		4,791		(102,959)		(11,376)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(3,402)		991		(1,749)		2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	(54,727)	$	3,800	$	(101,210)	$	(13,690)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)		(0.29)
Diluted	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)		(0.29)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic		48,105,512		47,856,114		48,020,822		46,771,938
Diluted		48,105,512		47,872,042		48,020,822		46,771,938

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net income (loss)	$	(58,129)	$	4,791	$	(102,959)	$	(11,376)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax		238		(1,972)		(1,039)		(119)
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		(57,891)		2,819		(103,998)		(11,495)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		(3,310)		646		(1,972)		2,170
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	(54,581)	$	2,173	$	(102,026)	$	(13,665)

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
	Shares
	Preferred	Common	Preferred		Common				Additional		Accumulated		Members		Noncontrolling		Total
(Amounts in thousands)	stock	stock	Stock		Stock		AOCI		Paid-In Capital		Deficit		Capital		Interest		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2023	—	47,891,984	$	—	$	5	$	(1,460)	$	270,330	$	(19,253)	$	—	$	10,942	$	260,564
Issuance of shares - RSUs, net of tax	—	133,704		—		—		—		(206)		—		—		—		(206)
Share based compensation	—	—		—		—		—		677		—		—		—		677
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		—		—		(406)		—		931		525
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(372)		—		—		—		(209)		(581)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	—	48,025,688	$	—	$	5	$	(1,832)	$	270,801	$	(19,659)	$	—	$	11,664	$	260,979
Issuance of shares - RSUs, net of tax	—	79,824		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Share based compensation	—	—		—		—		—		622		—		—		—		622
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		—		—		(46,077)		—		722		(45,355)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(590)		—		—		—		(106)		(696)
Balance as of June 30, 2024	—	48,105,512	$	—	$	5	$	(2,422)	$	271,423	$	(65,736)	$	—	$	12,280	$	215,550
Share based compensation	—	—		—		—		—		375		—		—		—		375
Net loss	—	—		—		—		—		—		(54,727)		—		(3,402)		(58,129)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		146		—		—		—		92		238
Balance as of September 30, 2024	—	48,105,512	$	—	$	5	$	(2,276)	$	271,798	$	(120,463)	$	—	$	8,970	$	158,034

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
	Shares
	Preferred	Common	Preferred		Common				Additional		Accumulated		Members		Noncontrolling		Total
(Amounts in thousands)	stock	stock	Stock		Stock		AOCI		Paid-In Capital		Deficit		Capital		Interest		Equity
Balance as of December 31, 2022	24,400,000	—	$	24,400	$	—	$	(2,576)	$	—	$	—	$	327,614	$	10,446	$	359,884
Recapitalization	—	44,407,831		—		4		—		284,569		—		(327,614)		—		(43,041)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	24,400,000	44,407,831		24,400		4		(2,576)		284,569		—		—		10,446		316,843
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends	(24,400,000)	—		(24,400)		—		—		(50,129)		—		—		(24)		(74,553)
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares	—	—		—		4		—		34,996		—		—		—		35,000
Distributions to joint venture partner	—	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(110)		(110)
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		—		—		(4,664)		—		398		(4,266)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		504		—		—		—		2		506
Balance as of March 31, 2023	—	44,407,831	$	—	$	8	$	(2,072)	$	269,436	$	(4,664)	$	—	$	10,712	$	273,420
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares	—	3,448,283		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net income (loss)	—	—		—		—		—		—		(12,826)		—		925		(11,901)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—		1,149		—		—		—		198		1,347
Balance as of June 30, 2023	—	47,856,114	$	—	$	8	$	(923)	$	269,436	$	(17,490)	$	—	$	11,835	$	262,866
Share based compensation	—	—		—		—		—		484		—		—		—		484
Net income	—	—		—		—		—		—		3,800		—		991		4,791
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—		(1,628)		—		—		—		(344)		(1,972)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	—	47,856,114	$	—	$	8	$	(2,551)	$	269,920	$	(13,690)	$	—	$	12,482	$	266,169

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(102,959)	$	(11,376)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		16,925		24,704
Loss on extinguishment of debt		246		—
Deferred taxes		(28,379)		(22,148)
Change in fair value of earnout liability		—		(20,689)
Share based compensation		1,674		484
Gain on sale of assets		(3,279)		(118)
Foreign currency remeasurement gain		(53)		(37)
Loss (earnings) from equity method investments		2,453		(5,102)
TZC investment present value accretion		(3,367)		(1,828)
Loss on trading securities, net		18		3
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		2,196		(69,471)
Contract assets		97,801		(4,376)
Other current assets		859		1,564
Right-of-use assets		(1,096)		4,034
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities		(22,659)		20,584
Contract liabilities		50,115		53,048
Operating lease liabilities		1,227		(3,991)
Other		520		(1,873)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities		12,242		(36,588)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment		(6,210)		(7,475)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		4,453		7,461
Contributions to other investments		(59)		—
Distributions from other investments		181		47
Distributions from investees		4,183		—
Capital contribution to unconsolidated investments		(250)		(540)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		2,298		(507)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on revolving credit facility		5,000		3,000
Payments on revolving credit facility		(95,000)		(8,000)
Borrowings on notes payable		167,784		115,355
Payments on notes payable		(80,613)		(111,908)
Proceeds from financing obligations		42,500		—
Payments of deferred financing costs		(5,468)		(578)
Pre-payment premium		(246)		—
Advances from related parties		—		425
Payments to related parties		—		(4)
Payments on finance lease and financing obligations		(5,314)		(3,538)
Distribution to members		—		(110)
Payment of taxes related to net share settlement of RSUs		(206)		—
Proceeds from merger of Legato II and Southland Holdings, LLC		—		17,088
Net cash provided by financing activities		28,437		11,730
Effect of exchange rate on cash		(49)		126
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash		42,928		(25,239)
Beginning of period		63,820		71,991
End of period	$	106,748	$	46,752
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes	$	1,079	$	3,033
Cash paid for interest	$	18,886	$	12,704
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Lease assets obtained in exchange for new leases	$	9,881	$	8,529
Assets obtained in exchange for notes payable	$	23,286	$	8,626
Related party payable exchanged for note payable	$	3,797	$	—
Issuance of post-merger earn out shares	$	—	$	35,000
Dividend financed with notes payable	$	—	$	50,000

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements

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SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

1. Description of Business

Southland Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Southland”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) are a diverse leader in specialty infrastructure construction with roots dating back to 1900. We design and construct projects in the bridges, tunnels, transportation and facilities, marine, steel structures, water and wastewater treatment, and water pipelines end markets.

Southland is based in Grapevine, Texas. It is the parent company of Johnson Bros. Corporation, American Bridge Holding Company (“American Bridge”), Oscar Renda Contracting, Southland Contracting, Mole Constructors, Heritage Materials and other affiliates. American Bridge, a builder of specialty construction projects, was acquired in 2020. With the combined capabilities of these six primary subsidiaries and their affiliates, Southland has become a diversified industry leader with both public and private customers. The majority of our customers are located in the United States.

In the second quarter of 2023, Southland decided to discontinue certain types of projects in its Materials & Paving business line (“M&P”) and sold assets related to producing large scale concrete and asphalt. M&P is reported in the Transportation segment. The Company will not be pursuing production of concrete and asphalt products for use on self-performed paving projects where the majority of the scope of work contains large-scale concrete and asphalt production or sale of asphalt and concrete products to third parties. This operational shift will allow the Company to better focus its resources on more profitable lines of business. The Company has concluded this action with M&P does not qualify for Discontinued Operations treatment and presentation as it does not represent a strategic shift in the Company’s business.

As previously announced, on May 25, 2022, Legato Merger Corp. II, a Delaware corporation (“Legato II”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Legato Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (“Merger Sub”), and Southland Holdings LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Southland LLC”).

On February 14, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), as contemplated by the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Southland LLC, with Southland LLC surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (the “Merger”). The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are referred to herein collectively as the “Business Combination.” In connection with the Business Combination, Legato II changed its name to “Southland Holdings, Inc.”

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with Southland LLC as the accounting acquirer and Legato II as the acquired company for accounting purposes. Accordingly, all historical financial information presented in the consolidated financial statements represents the accounts of Southland and its subsidiaries as if Southland had been the predecessor Company.

2. Basis of Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) contains guidance that form GAAP. New guidance is released via Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair

7

presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report which was filed on Form 10-K on March 4, 2024.

The accompanying consolidated balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2023, have been derived from the Form 10-K filed on March 4, 2024. The Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2024, and operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the financial conditions and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2024.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southland Holdings, Inc., and our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and affiliates. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated within the consolidations process. Investments in non-construction related partnerships and less-than-majority owned subsidiaries that we do not control, but where we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method. Certain construction related joint ventures and partnerships that we do not control, nor do we have significant influence, are accounted for under the equity method for the balance sheet and the proportionate consolidation method for the statement of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for continued reasonableness. It is reasonably possible that changes may occur in the near term that would affect our estimates with respect to revenue recognition, the allowance for credit losses, recoverability of unapproved contract modifications, deferred tax assets, and other accounts for which estimates are required.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in accounts at certain financial institutions. The majority of our balances exceed federally insured limits.

We have not experienced any losses in these accounts, and we do not believe they are exposed to any significant credit risk.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held in accounts in our name at certain financial institutions. These accounts are subject to certain control provisions in favor of various surety and insurance companies for purposes of compliance and security perfections.

(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	49,176	$	57,915
Restricted cash at beginning of period		14,644		14,076
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	63,820	$	71,991
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,378	$	49,176
Restricted cash at end of period		15,370		14,644
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	106,748	$	63,820

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles may be impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). We identify our reporting unit and determine the carrying value of the reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, to the reporting unit. Our reporting units are based on our organizational and reporting structure. We currently identify three reporting units. We begin with a qualitative assessment using inputs based on our business, our industry, and overall

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macroeconomic factors. If our qualitative assessment deems that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, we then complete a quantitative assessment to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, based on the results of our qualitative assessments which determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded the carrying amounts and that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded the carrying amounts, we did not complete quantitative assessments, and we did not record any impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying value of the asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If such assets are not considered to be fully recoverable, any impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets exceeds its respective fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we did not identify any triggering events that would require a quantitative assessment.

Accounts Receivable, Net

We provide an allowance for credit losses, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, existing economic conditions, and future expectations. Normal contracts receivables are typically due 30 days after the issuance of the invoice. Retainages are due 30 days after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. Warranty retainage receivables, where applicable, are typically due two years after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. Receivables past due more than 120 days are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit evaluations and specific circumstances of the customer.

As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we had an allowance for credit losses of $1.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

Real Estate Transaction

In July 2024, the Company closed a real estate purchase agreement to sell and leaseback three properties for $42.5 million. The transaction was accounted for as a failed sale-leaseback based on GAAP. As a result, the assets remain on the consolidated balance sheets at their historical net book values. A financing obligation liability was recognized in the amount of $42.5 million. The Company will not recognize rent expenses related to the leased assets. Instead, monthly rent payments under the lease agreement will be recorded as interest expense and a reduction of the outstanding liability.

As of September 30, 2024, relating to the transaction noted above, the current outstanding liability is included in accrued liabilities and the long-term outstanding liability presented as financing obligations, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations-Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement” (“ASU 2023-05”), which requires that a joint venture apply a new basis of accounting upon formation. As a result, a newly formed joint venture, upon formation, would initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value. ASU 2023-05 is effective prospectively for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. We plan to adopt ASU 2023-05 in the first quarter of 2025, but do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 “Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative,” which amends GAAP to include 14 disclosure requirements that are currently required

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under SEC Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. Each amendment will be effective on the date on which the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from SEC Regulation S-X or Registration S-K. The Company has evaluated the new standard and determined that it will have no material impact on its consolidated financial statements or disclosures since the Company is already subject to the relevant SEC disclosure requirements.

In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-07"), which requires expanded disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 will be applied retrospectively and is first effective for our annual reporting for 2024 and for quarterly reporting beginning in 2025. This ASU affects financial statement disclosures only, and its adoption will not affect our condensed consolidated financial statements.

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which established new income tax disclosure requirements. Public business entities must apply the guidance to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We have not elected to early adopt this standard. We are currently evaluating the impact ASU 2023-09 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent SEC Rules

In March 2024, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. Unless legal challenges to the rule prevail, this rule will require registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports, and the revisions to Regulation S-X would apply to our financial statements beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. We are currently assessing the effect of these new rules on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Note 2 to the 10-K filed on March 4, 2024, and contained elsewhere herein, other than the policy for warrants, which is included below. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant changes in our use of estimates or significant accounting policies.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, was conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. The Company has concluded that the public warrants and private warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment. 

3. Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business, on the Closing Date, the Company issued 33,793,111 shares of common stock to the former members of Southland (“Southland Members”) in exchange for their membership interests in Southland (“Southland Membership Interests”). Southland received net proceeds of $17.1 million. Transaction costs of $9.9 million directly related to the Merger, are included in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Prior to the Merger, Southland LLC declared a $50.0 million dividend to be payable to Southland Members, which is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Southland Members, in lieu of cash payment, agreed to receive a promissory note for payment in the future. The notes have a four-year term and accrue interest at 7.0%. Southland, at its discretion, may make interim interest and principal payments during the term.

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Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 44,407,831 shares of common stock and 14,385,500 warrants, each exercisable for a share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (including public and private placement warrants) (each a “Warrant” and together, collectively, the “Warrants”), outstanding.

Earnout Shares

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Southland Members had the potential to be issued additional consideration of up to 10,344,828 shares of common stock for attaining certain performance targets for the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023. On April 27, 2023, Southland issued 3,448,283 shares of common stock to the Southland Members pursuant to the attainment of the 2022 Base Target (as defined in the Merger Agreement). Performance targets for December 31, 2023, were not achieved and there are no further issuances to be made under the Merger Agreement. No shares were issued pursuant to the earnout targets for 2023 as neither of the targets were attained.

4. Fair Value Investments

Fair value of investments measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, were as follows:

	As of
	September 30, 2024
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,095		—		—		3,095
Total noncurrent		3,095		—		—		3,095
Overall Total	$	3,095	$	—	$	—	$	3,095

	As of
	December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,235		—		—		3,235
Total noncurrent		3,235		—		—		3,235
Overall Total	$	3,235	$	—	$	—	$	3,235

5. Revenue

Revenue is recognized over time using the input method in accordance with ASC 606, measured by the percentage of cost incurred to date to the estimated total cost for each contract. This method is used because we believe expended cost to be the best available measure of progress on contracts.

Our contracts are primarily in the form of firm fixed-price and fixed-price per unit. A large portion of our contracts have scope defined adequately, which allows us to estimate total contract value upon the signing of a new contract. Upon signing a new contract, we allocate the total consideration across various contractual promises to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. These are grouped into specific performance obligations. This process requires significant management judgement. Most of our contracts have a single performance obligation. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the total transaction price based on the estimated standalone selling price, which is the total project costs plus a budgeted margin percentage, for each of the performance obligations.

Revenue is recognized when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied. Our contracts do not include a significant financing component. Costs to obtain contracts are generally not significant and are expensed in the period incurred.

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Estimating cost to complete of long-term contracts involves a significant amount of estimation and judgement. For long-term contracts, we use the calculated transaction price, estimated cost to complete the project, and the total costs incurred on the project to date to calculate the percentage of the project that is complete. The costs to complete the project and the transaction price can change due to unforeseen events that can either increase or decrease total expected revenues and the estimated margin on a particular project.

Our contract structure allows for variable consideration. A significant portion of this variable consideration comes in the form of change order requests and claims. Other variable consideration can include performance bonuses, incentives, liquidated damages, and other terms that can either raise or lower the total transaction price. We estimate variable consideration based on the probability of being entitled to collection of specific amounts and the estimated amount that we will actually collect. We include amounts that we believe we have an enforceable right to collect, and will actually collect, based on our probability of success with specific claims or contractual rights. Our estimates of total variable consideration rely on all available information about our customer including historical, current, and forecasted information.

Many of our contracts require contract modifications resulting from a change in contract scope or requirements. Change orders are issued to document changes to the original contract. Our estimated value on contract modifications may or may not be accepted by our customers. We can have approved and unapproved change orders. Unapproved change orders are contract modifications for which we or our customers have not agreed to terms, scope and price. Contract modifications are necessary for many reasons, including but not limited to, changes to the contract specifications or design from the customer, modification to the original scope, changes to engineering drawings, or other required deviation from the original construction plan. Contract modifications may also be necessary for reasons including, but not limited to, other changes to the contract which may be out of our control, such as rain or other weather delays, incomplete, insufficient, inaccurate engineering drawings, different site conditions from information made available during the estimating process, or other reasons. An unapproved change order may turn into a formal claim if we cannot come to an agreement with the owner but are contractually entitled to recovery of costs and profits for work performed. Costs incurred related to contract modifications are included in the estimated costs to complete and are treated as project costs when incurred. Unless the contract modification is distinct from the other goods and services included within the project, the contract modification is accounted for as part of the existing contract. The effect of any modifications on the transaction price, and our measure of the percentage-of-completion on specific performance obligations for which the contract modification relates, is recognized as a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue recognized. In some cases, contract modifications may not be fully settled until after the completion of work as specified in the original contract.

We review and update our contract and cost estimates regularly. Any adjustments in estimated profit on contracts is recognized under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the cumulative impact of the profit adjustment is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods are then recognized using an updated estimate that uses inputs consisting of costs incurred to date, the estimated transaction price and the estimated remaining costs to be incurred on the project.

If a contract is deemed to be in a loss position, the projected loss is recognized in full, including reversal of any previously recognized margin, in the period in which the change in estimate is made. Losses are recognized as an accrued loss provision on the consolidated balance sheets in the accrued liabilities caption. For contract revenue after the date that the loss is accrued, the accrued loss provision is adjusted so that the gross profit for the contract remains zero in future periods, subject to future adjustments to the overall expected profit or loss as determined at such time. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $20.2 million and $17.3 million, respectively, in accrued loss provisions.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $172.7 million and $139.6 million, respectively, of unapproved contract modifications included within our various projects’ transaction prices. These modifications are in negotiations with our customers or other third parties.

We estimate the likelihood of collection during the bidding process for new contracts. Customers with history of late or non-payment are avoided in the bidding process. We consider the necessity for write-down of receivable balances in conjunction with GAAP when evaluating our estimates of transaction price and estimated costs to complete our projects.

We bill our customers in conjunction with our contract terms. Our contracts have three main categories, (i) contracts that are billed based on a specific timeline, (ii) contracts that are billed upon the completion of certain phases of work, or

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milestones, and (iii) contracts that are billed as services are provided. Some of our contracts are billed following the recognition of certain revenue. This creates an asset on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract assets.” Other contracts’ schedules allow us to bill customers prior to recognizing revenue. These contracts create a liability on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract liabilities.”

We segregate our business into two reportable segments: Transportation and Civil. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) uses these segments in order to operate the business. Our segments offer different specialty infrastructure services. Our CODM regularly reviews our operating and financial performance based on these segments. Each of our reportable segments is composed of similar business units that specialize in specialty infrastructure projects that are unique.

Our business is managed using revenue and gross profit primarily. Our CODM regularly uses this information to review operating results, plan future bids, allocate resources, target customers, and plan future growth and capital allocations. To determine reportable segment gross profit, certain allocations, including allocations of shared and indirect costs, such as facility costs, equipment costs, and indirect operating expenses, were made.

Our Civil segment is comprised of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Mole Constructors, Inc., Southland Contracting, Inc., Southland Holdings, LLC, Renda Pacific, LLC, Southland Renda JV, Southland RE Properties, Oscar Renda Contracting Canada, Southland Mole of Canada, Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, and Southland Astaldi joint venture. This segment focuses on projects throughout North America that include the design and construction of water pipeline, pump stations, lift stations, water and wastewater treatment plants, concrete and structural steel, outfall, and tunneling.

Our Transportation segment is comprised of American Bridge, Heritage Materials, LLC, and Johnson Bros. Corporation. This segment operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of bridges, roadways, marine, dredging, ship terminals, and piers, and specialty structures and facilities.

Total assets by segment are not presented as our CODM, as defined by ASC 280, does not review or allocate resources based on segment assets. We do not have material intersegment revenue or gross profit. Joint ventures are classified into the segment with which the projects align.

Segment Revenue

Revenue by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:  

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Total				% of Total				% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	55,849	32.2	%	$	90,708	29.0	%	$	219,490	30.8	%	$	229,264	27.2	%
Transportation		117,471	67.8	%		221,764	71.0	%		493,439	69.2	%		614,964	72.8	%
Total revenue	$	173,320	100.0	%	$	312,472	100.0	%	$	712,929	100.0	%	$	844,228	100.0	%

Segment Gross Profit (Loss)

Gross profit (loss) by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Loss		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	(18,336)	(32.8)	%	$	12,465	13.7	%	$	8,694	4.0	%	$	27,137	11.8	%
Transportation		(32,769)	(27.9)	%		17,064	7.7	%		(79,400)	(16.1)	%		(12,459)	(2.0)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(51,105)	(29.5)	%	$	29,529	9.5	%	$	(70,706)	(9.9)	%	$	14,678	1.7	%

Revenue earned outside of the United States was 11% and 25% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Revenue earned outside of the United States was 20% and 23% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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6. Debt

Long-term debt and credit facilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Secured notes	$	324,359	$	210,197
Mortgage notes		622		689
Revolving credit facility		—		90,000
Total debt		324,981		300,886
Unamortized deferred financing costs		(6,672)		(526)
Total debt, net		318,309		300,360
Less: Current portion		(43,072)		(48,454)
Total long-term debt	$	275,237		251,906

The weighted average interest rate on total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was 9.22% and 6.12%, respectively.

Secured Notes

We enter into secured notes in order to finance growth within our business. In July 2023, we refinanced approximately $76.4 million of existing secured notes in exchange for a new equipment note in the amount of $113.5 million. The equipment note is secured by specific construction equipment assets and has a five-year fully amortizing term at a fixed rate of 7.25%. We incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost in connection with the refinancing. The deferred financing costs are included in long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, as part of the refinancing, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.6 million, which was included in other income, net on our consolidated statements of operations and $0.6 million as bank service charges in connection with the refinancing. As of September 30, 2024, we had outstanding secured notes expiring between December 2025 and March 2033. Interest rates on the secured notes range between 0.00% and 12.90%. The secured notes are collateralized by certain assets of Southland’s fleet of equipment.

On September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a term loan and security agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Callodine Commercial Finance, LLC as administrative agent and lender. The Credit Agreement provides for a four-year secured $160.0 million term loan facility (the “Credit Facility”), consisting of a $140.0 million initial draw term loan (the “Term Loan”) and a $20.0 million committed delayed draw term loan (the “Delayed Draw”). The Delayed Draw is a committed facility in which the Company may request all or a portion of the Delayed Draw to be available to the Company. The Delayed Draw can be drawn no more than once per quarter in minimum increments of $2.5 million, and once drawn, any repaid amounts of the Delayed Draw cannot be re-borrowed. Any undrawn portion of the Delayed Draw commitment will terminate on September 30, 2027, the third anniversary of the closing date. The Credit Facility has a maturity date of September 30, 2028.

The Credit Facility replaced the revolving credit facility with Frost Bank that was originally entered into in July 2021 (as subsequently amended, the “Revolving Credit Facility”).  A portion of the proceeds from the Term Loan was used to pay in full all outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was terminated.

The Credit Agreement requires quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan, which will commence on December 31, 2024. The required principal amortization is as follows: (i) 5.0% in the first year (1.25% per quarter), (ii) 10.0% in the second year (2.50% per quarter), (iii) 15.0% in the third and fourth years (3.75% per quarter), and (iv) the remaining balance at maturity. The amortization for the Delayed Draw will also be paid quarterly and apply to each individual draw at the same prevailing quarterly rate that is in effect for the Term Loan and will commence with the first full quarter after the draw date of any Delayed Draw.

The interest on amounts drawn under the Credit Facility is payable monthly at a rate of 7.25% per annum plus the higher of (i) 90-day Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) with a credit adjustment spread of 0.15% or (ii) 3%. The undrawn portion of the Delayed Draw is subject to a 3.75% commitment fee, payable monthly.

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Any principal prepayments in the first three years, other than mandatory prepayments pursuant to the Credit Agreement, will be subject to additional fees. In the first year, any prepayments will incur fees of 3% or the make-whole premium, whichever is higher. The make-whole premium is the interest and fees that would have been earned for the full year less interest and fees paid to date during the year. In the second and third years, any prepayments will incur fees of 2% and 1%, respectively. There are no fees for prepayments made in the fourth year.

The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive covenants and events of default, including financial covenants based on the Company’s Liquidity, as defined in the Credit Agreement, and trailing twelve-month earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (the “TTM EBITDA Covenants”). The TTM EBITDA Covenants will be tested and the Company must comply with the TTM EBITDA Covenants during any period where the Company’s Liquidity falls below $30.0 million until the Company’s Liquidity exceeds $30.0 million for a period of at least 30 days. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain Liquidity of at least $20.0 million at all times. The Credit Agreement also stipulates that the outstanding principal cannot be greater than the specified advance rates against eligible collateral.

The obligations under the Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a first lien on all assets of the Company, subject to permitted liens and interests of other parties as described in the Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Mortgage Notes

We enter into mortgage notes in order to finance growth within our business. As of September 30, 2024, we had mortgage notes expiring between October 2024 and February 2029. Interest rates on the mortgage notes range between 3.84% and 5.99%. The mortgage notes are collateralized by certain real estate owned by Southland.

Revolving Credit Facility

In July 2021, we entered into a Revolving Credit Facility agreement with Frost Bank for $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Revolving Credit Facility agreement had been amended and increased to $100.0 million. In August 2023, the Revolving Credit Facility was extended through January 15, 2025. In July 2024, the Company made a $3.0 million payment on the Revolving Credit Facility, in connection with a real estate transaction (see Note 2).

On August 9, 2024, a principal payment of $2.5 million was made and the Revolving Credit Facility limit was reduced to $84.5 million. An additional payment of $10.0 million was made on September 15, 2024, which further reduced the Revolving Credit Facility limit to $74.5 million. Concurrently with the Company’s entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company terminated the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company used a portion of the Term Loan proceeds to pay in full all outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility.

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary course of business, we and our affiliates are involved in various legal proceedings alleging, among other things, liability issues or breach of contract or tortious conduct in connection with the performance of services and/or materials provided, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty. We and our affiliates are also subject to government inquiries in the ordinary course of business seeking information concerning our compliance with government construction contracting requirements and various laws and regulations, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty.

Some of the matters in which we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved may involve compensatory, punitive, or other claims or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that are not currently probable to be incurred or cannot currently be reasonably estimated. In addition, in some circumstances, our government contracts could be terminated, we could be suspended or incur other administrative penalties or sanctions, or payment of our costs could be disallowed. While any of our pending legal proceedings may be subject to early resolution as a result of our

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ongoing efforts to resolve the proceeding, whether or when any legal proceeding will be resolved is neither predictable nor guaranteed.

Accordingly, it is possible that future developments in such proceedings and inquiries could require us to (i) adjust existing accruals, or (ii) record new accruals that we did not originally believe to be probable or that could not be reasonably estimated. Such changes could be material to our financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows in any particular reporting period. In addition to matters that are considered probable for which the loss can be reasonably estimated, disclosure is also provided when it is reasonably possible and estimable that a loss will be incurred, when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the amount recorded, or a loss is probable but the loss cannot be estimated.

Liabilities relating to legal proceedings and government inquiries, to the extent that we have concluded such liabilities are probable and the amounts of such liabilities are reasonably estimable, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. A certain number of the claims are insured but subject to varying deductibles, and a certain number of the claims are uninsured. The aggregate range of possible loss related to (i) matters considered reasonably possible, and (ii) reasonably possible amounts in excess of accrued losses recorded for probable loss contingencies was immaterial, as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. Our estimates of such matters could change in future periods.

CityLYNX Project

On November 28, 2016, the City of Charlotte (“City”) awarded Contract Number 2017000790 to Johnson Bros. Corporation, a Southland subsidiary (“JBC”) for the project known as CityLYNX Gold Line Phase 2 – Streetcar Project which extended the previously constructed 1.5-mile streetcar system by 2.5 miles to the east and west and included construction through numerous segments in the heart of downtown Charlotte, North Carolina, as well as the reconstruction of the Hawthorne Lane Bridge (the “Project”).  

During the course of the Project, JBC alleges numerous and continuous changes and interferences by the City and the City’s representatives which the City has refused to recognize as a contractual change.  

After multiple failed attempts at negotiated settlement, JBC timely filed its original complaint in the General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division in Mecklenburg County, State of North Carolina (the “Court”) on February 20, 2023. JBC filed its First Amended Complaint on April 12, 2023. In the First Amended Complaint, JBC asserted ten claims against the City, including claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and subcontractor pass-through claims (the “Contract Claims”).

On June 1, 2023, the City filed its Motions to Dismiss, Answer to First Amended Verified Complaint and Counterclaim, seeking, in part, the dismissal of all of JBC’s claims (the “Motion to Dismiss”). The Court issued its Order and Opinion on the Motion to Dismiss on February 27, 2024. Among its rulings in the Order, the Court concluded that JBC’s Contract Claims were time-barred in part and dismissed those claims with prejudice “to the extent those claims [arose] from conduct occurring before 31 January 2021.”

JBC then filed Motions on April 17, 2024, seeking reconsideration of the Court’s partial dismissal of the Contract Claims with prejudice and, alternatively, leave to file a second amended complaint (the “Motion for Reconsideration”). After full briefing, the Court convened a hearing on the Motion for Reconsideration on May 30, 2024.  

On June 7, 2024, the Court granted JBC’s Motion for Reconsideration in part by amending its previous Order and converting the dismissal to a “without prejudice” dismissal and granting JBC’s motion to file its proposed Second Amended Complaint.  

On June 11, 2024, JBC filed its Second Amended Complaint which reiterates the Contract Claims resulting in damages “in an amount in excess of $115,000,000, plus pre-judgement and post-judgement interest.”

The parties continue to participate in mediation and continue to exchange information and engage in meetings as part of that process.

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Surety Bonds

We, as a condition for entering into a substantial portion of our construction contracts, had outstanding surety bonds as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. We have agreed to indemnify the surety if the surety experiences a loss on the bonds of any of our affiliates.

Self-Insurance

We are self-insured up to certain limits with respect to workers’ compensation, general liability and auto liability matters, and health insurance. We maintain accruals for self-insurance retentions based upon third-party data and claims history.

8. Income Taxes

Prior to the Merger in 2023, Southland LLC, and various domestic subsidiaries, elected to be taxed as an S-corporation, under the provisions of Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. As such, their respective earnings were not subject to entity level income tax, but instead, the owners were liable for federal income taxes on their respective shares of the applicable income. American Bridge and Oscar Renda, two domestic subsidiaries of Southland LLC, had historically been taxed as separate C-corporation and their income subject to entity-level tax.

Following the closing of the Merger on February 14, 2023, Southland LLC, along with various domestic subsidiaries, elected to voluntarily revoke their S-corporation status effective January 1, 2023. As a result, Southland LLC, and their domestic subsidiaries, elected to file a consolidated corporate income tax return for the 2023 calendar year.

Effective January 1, 2024, Southland LLC and subsidiary filing group elected to join the Southland Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries filing group to have all domestic corporate entities included within one consolidated federal income tax return for the 2024 calendar year.

The federal statutory tax rate is 21%. Southland’s effective tax rate was 22.8% and 53.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were due to state income taxes, the reversal of a previously recorded uncertain tax position liability, the recording of a valuation allowances against certain subsidiaries’ separate company deferred tax assets, federal tax credits, valuation allowances recorded against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets, and income earned in a foreign jurisdiction with a zero tax rate; however, that foreign income is included within U.S taxable income through Section 951A Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”). The effective tax rate was 24.2% and 50.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were due to state income taxes, the reversal of a previously recorded uncertain tax position liability, the recording of a valuation allowance against certain subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets, the recording of a valuation allowance against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets, and a lower effective rate on overall foreign earnings.

The change in filing structure as a result of the Merger required recording deferred tax assets and liabilities related to entities previously not subject to income tax with $5.1 million being recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As the Merger did not require acquisition accounting under U.S. GAAP, the recording of these deferred tax assets and liabilities was recorded to current operations in accordance with the requirements under ASC 740. Additionally, $1.1 million was recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the change in the state effective tax rate applied to both American Bridge and Oscar Renda deferred tax assets and liabilities.  

As a result of the U.S. consolidated filing structure, Southland LLC in 2023, and subsequent U.S. consolidated filing structure under Southland, Inc. in 2024, the Company is in a net deferred tax asset position for both federal and state income tax due to net operating losses recorded in the nine month period ended September 30, 2024. The Company is forecasting that the net deferred tax assets, including net operating losses, are more-likely-than-not to be fully utilized. Therefore, a valuation allowance is not deemed necessary as of September 30, 2024 with the exception of certain subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance of $0.9 million was recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2024 against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets as they are determined to not be more-likely-than-not to be utilized. An increase in valuation allowance of $1.2 million was recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2024 against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets to offset the additional tax benefit recorded for the additional financial loss incurred during the quarter.

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As a result of additional financial losses incurred within the Canadian operations at certain subsidiaries, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets as they are determined to not be more-likely-than-not to be utilized. During the three months ended, September 30, 2024, a valuation allowance in the amount of $2.6 million was recorded.

9. Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (“RUPO”) consists of two components: (1) unearned revenue and (2) contracts that are awarded but not started. Unearned revenue includes the revenue we expect to record in the future on in-progress contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. Contracts that are awarded, but not yet started, are included in RUPO once a contract has been fully executed and/or we have received a formal “Notice to Proceed” from the project owner.

Although RUPO reflects business that we consider to be firm, deferrals, cancellations and/or scope adjustments may occur. RUPO is adjusted to reflect any known project cancellations, revisions to project scope and cost, foreign currency exchange fluctuations and project deferrals, as appropriate.

Fixed price contracts, particularly with federal, state and local government customers, are expected to continue to represent a majority of our total RUPO.

As of September 30, 2024, Southland had $2.7 billion of RUPO. The Company expects to recognize approximately 39% of its RUPO as revenue during the next twelve months, and the balance thereafter.

10. Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Contract assets as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, consisted of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Costs in excess of billings	$	425,318	$	525,588
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		30,858		28,614
Contract assets	$	456,176	$	554,202

Costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were as follows as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	7,637,653	$	7,293,246
Estimated earnings		339,649		456,852
Costs incurred and estimated earnings		7,977,302		7,750,098
Less: billings to date		(7,795,489)		(7,417,861)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		30,858		28,614
Net contract position	$	212,671	$	360,851

Our net contract position is included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	456,176	$	554,202
Contract liabilities		(243,505)		(193,351)
Net contract position	$	212,671	$	360,851

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As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we had recorded $253.0 million and $306.4 million, respectively, related to claims. The classification of these amounts are represented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, as follows:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	154,692	$	208,203
Investments		98,274		98,209
Claims asset total	$	252,966	$	306,412

On January 1, 2024, we had contract liabilities of $193.4 million, of which $9.4 million and $132.6 million were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

On January 1, 2023, we had contract liabilities of $131.6 million, of which $18.9 million and $118.2 million were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

11. Noncontrolling Interests Holders

Southland has several controlling interests including both joint ventures and partnerships. We have controlling interests and allocate earnings and losses in those entities to the noncontrolling interest holders based on our ownership percentages.

We owned an 84.7% interest in Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc. (“Oscar Renda”), as of September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023.

We owned a 65.0% interest in the Southland Technicore Mole joint venture and a 70.0% interest in the Southland Astaldi joint venture as of September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023.

American Bridge entered into a joint venture with Commodore Maintenance Corporation, forming American Bridge/Commodore Joint Venture. According to the joint venture agreement, each of the parties is paid in accordance with its respective work performed and has no responsibility for losses incurred by the other party in performance of its work. At September 30, 2024, American Bridge was responsible for approximately 83% of the total contracted work.

We consolidated each of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, Southland Astaldi joint venture, and American Bridge/Commodore Joint Venture as a result of our control over the joint venture operations. We have fully consolidated revenue, cost of construction, and other costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and balances on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

12. Related Party Transactions

Southland occasionally enters into subcontracts with a subcontractor in which certain employees hold a minority ownership. Cost of construction related to this subcontractor was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $1.8 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accounts payable balance due to this subcontractor was $0.9 million and $0.4 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The terms on which Southland enters into agreements with this related party are substantially the same as terms the Company would enter into with a similar, unrelated party.

In the second quarter of 2024 the Company exchanged $13.1 million of amounts due to certain Southland Members for $13.1 million in promissory notes with a three-year term bearing an interest rate of 7.0%. These promissory notes pay interest monthly and are included in long-term debt. These amounts are related to balances due to the Chief Executive Officer Frank Renda and Co-Chief Operating Officers Tim Winn and Rudy Renda prior to the Merger.

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13. Share Based Compensation

On May 24, 2022, the Board of Directors of Legato Merger Corp. II, a Delaware corporation, adopted the Southland Holdings, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“2022 Plan”). On June 25, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a new compensation structure for the Company’s Named Executive Officers. Details of this new compensation structure were filed on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2024. A total of 2,220,392 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan of which 1,024,999 remained available as of September 30, 2024.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”): RSUs are issued for compensatory purposes. RSU stock compensation cost is measured at our common stock’s fair value based on the market price at the date of grant. We recognize stock compensation cost only for RSUs that we estimate will ultimately vest. We estimate the number of shares that will ultimately vest at each grant date based on our historical experience and adjust stock compensation cost based on changes in those estimates over time.

A summary of the changes in our RSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

		September 30, 2024
	RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per RSU
Outstanding, beginning balance		173,333	$	8.94
Granted		681,310		4.83
Vested		(133,704)		9.35
Canceled		(41,568)		8.32
Outstanding, ending balance		679,371	$	5.31

Compensation cost related to RSUs was $0.4 million and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”): PSUs provide for the issuance of shares upon vesting, which occurs following the end of the performance period based on achievement of certain metrics as established by the Board of Directors. The Company recognizes expense for PSUs based on the forecasted achievement of Company performance metrics, multiplied by the fair value of the total number of shares of common stock that the Company anticipates will be issued based on such achievement.

A summary of the changes in our PSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

		September 30, 2024
	PSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per PSU
Outstanding, beginning balance		—	$	—
Granted		304,880		4.58
Outstanding, ending balance		304,880	$	4.58

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there was no compensation cost related to PSUs.

As of September 30, 2024, there was $3.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost which will be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

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14. Income (Loss) per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	(58,129)	$	4,791	$	(102,959)	$	(11,376)
Less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(3,402)		991		(1,749)		2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		(54,727)		3,800		(101,210)		(13,690)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic		48,105,512		47,856,114		48,020,822		46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units		-		15,928		-		-
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted		48,105,512		47,872,042		48,020,822		46,771,938
Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)	$	(0.29)
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)	$	(0.29)

As the average market price of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 did not exceed the exercise price of the Warrants, the potential dilution from the Warrants converting into 14,385,500 shares of common stock for both periods have been excluded from the number of shares used in calculating diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the potential dilution from unvested RSUs converting into 599,547 shares and 398,998 shares of common stock, respectively, has been excluded from the number of shares used in calculating diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

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Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements relating to future events or our future financial performance, which involve risk and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements. Please see the discussion regarding forward-looking statements included under the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section for a discussion of some of the uncertainties, risks, and assumptions associated with these statements.

The following discussion and analysis present information that we believe is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our condensed consolidated balance sheets, statements of cash flows, and results of operations. This information should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

Overview

Southland Holdings, Inc. (“Southland”) is a diverse leader in specialty infrastructure construction with roots dating back to 1900. The end markets for which we provide services cover a broad spectrum of specialty services within infrastructure construction. We design and construct projects in the bridges, tunnels, communications, transportation and facilities, marine, steel structures, water and wastewater treatment, and water pipelines end markets.

Southland is based in Grapevine, Texas. We are the parent company of Johnson Bros. Corporation, American Bridge Company, Oscar Renda Contracting, Southland Contracting, Mole Constructors, and Heritage Materials. With the combined capabilities of these six subsidiaries, Southland has become a diversified industry leader with projects spanning North America in various end markets.

Key Factors Affecting Results of Operations

Business Environment

Our Civil segment currently operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of water pipeline, pump stations, lift stations, water and wastewater treatment plants, concrete and structural steel, outfall, and tunneling.

Our Transportation segment currently operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of bridges, roadways, marine, dredging, ship terminals and piers, and specialty structures and facilities. Our Transportation segment is responsible for the construction of bridges and structures including many of the most recognizable bridges, convention centers, sports stadiums, marine facilities, and Ferris wheels in the world.

Both our Civil and Transportation segments continue to identify new opportunities to grow our business, and the future outlook of the end markets we serve remains positive. Although risk and uncertainty exists, including, but not limited to, the items addressed within our forward-looking statements and risk factors, we believe that we are well positioned to compete on new infrastructure projects in both the public and private sectors. We believe that we have the operational excellence, reputation, and technical skill to continue to grow our business.

Market Trends and Uncertainties

In both our Transportation and Civil segments, we have competitors within the individual markets and geographic areas in which we operate, ranging from small, local companies to larger regional, national, and international companies. Although the construction business is highly competitive, there are few, if any, companies which compete in all of our market areas, both geographically and from an end market perspective. The degree and type of competition is influenced by the type and scope of construction projects within individual markets. Equipment ownership and ability to self-perform across numerous disciplines are two of our significant competitive advantages. We believe that the primary factors influencing competition in our industry are price, reputation for quality, safety, schedule certainty, relevant experience, availability of field supervision and skilled labor, machinery and equipment, as well as knowledge of local markets and conditions. We believe that we can compete favorably in all of these factors.

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Many of our competitors have the ability to perform work in either the private or public sectors. When opportunities for work in one sector are reduced, competitors tend to look for opportunities in the other sector. This migration has the potential to reduce revenue growth and/or increase pressure on gross profit margins.

We have seen an increase in demand for specialty construction projects in recent years at the federal, state, and local level. We anticipate further spending on infrastructure related to economic stimulus spending including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act that was passed in 2021, and other federal, state, or local initiatives.

We believe that the combination of our experience, reputation, and technical expertise places us at the top among companies of our size. This combination of skills has allowed us to pursue complex projects with fewer competitors.

Seasonality, Cyclicality, and Variability

The results of our operations are subject to quarterly variations. Much of the variation is the result of weather, particularly rain, ice, snow, heat, wind, and named storms, which can impact our ability to perform construction activities. These weather impacts can affect revenue and profitability in either of our business segments. Any quarter can be affected either negatively or positively by atypical weather patterns in any part of North America, or other areas in which we operate. Traditionally, our first quarter is the most weather-affected; however, this may or may not necessarily be true in future periods.

Our business may also be affected by overall economic market conditions, including but not limited to declines in spending by project owners, delays in new projects, by changes in client schedules, or for other reasons.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses earned and incurred, respectively, during the reporting period. Critical accounting estimates are fundamental to the portrayal of both our financial condition and results of operations and often require difficult, subjective, and complex estimates and judgments. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment, which we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. We adjust such estimates and assumptions when facts and circumstances dictate. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ significantly from these estimates. Changes in these estimates resulting from the continuing changes in the economic environment will be reflected in the financial statements in future periods. With respect to our critical accounting policies and estimates, there have been no material developments or changes from the policies and estimates discussed in our annual disclosures.

More information about our accounting policies can be found in Note 2 of our audited financial statements, and Management’s Discussion and Analysis, for the year ended December 31, 2023 on our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as originally filed with the SEC on March 4, 2024.

Materials and Paving

In the second quarter of 2023, Southland decided to discontinue certain types of projects in its Materials & Paving business line (“M&P”) and sold assets related to producing large scale concrete and asphalt. M&P is reported in the Transportation segment. In an effort to wind down this component of its Transportation segment and reallocate resources towards core operations, the Company sold various materials production assets. The Company has concluded this action with M&P does not qualify for Discontinued Operations treatment and presentation under ASC 205-20 as it does not represent a strategic shift in the Company’s business.  

For the three months ended September 30, 2024, M&P contributed $17.5 million to revenue and $18.3 million in gross loss. There is additional information on the M&P gross loss in the Transportation portion of the Segment Results section of this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. This compares to $47.8 million to revenue and $11.3 million to gross loss for the three months ended September 30, 2023. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, M&P contributed $65.0 million to revenue and $75.4 million in gross loss. This compares to $142.6 million

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to revenue and $71.3 million to gross loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As of September 30, 2024, approximately 6.5% of Southland’s backlog was in M&P, and Southland estimates this work to be substantially completed in the next nine months.

Results of Operations

Comparisons of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth summary financial information for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Revenue	$	173,320	$	312,472
Cost of construction		224,425		282,943
Gross profit (loss)		(51,105)		29,529
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		17,492		15,247
Operating income (loss)		(68,597)		14,282
Gain (loss) on investments, net		5		(21)
Other income, net		841		2,151
Interest expense		(7,520)		(6,231)
Earnings (losses) before income taxes		(75,271)		10,181
Income tax expense (benefit)		(17,142)		5,390
Net income (loss)		(58,129)		4,791
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(3,402)		991
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	(54,727)	$	3,800

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $173.3 million, a decrease of $139.2 million, or 44.5%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was attributable to a $104.3 million decrease in revenue in our Transportation segment and a $34.9 million decrease in revenue in our Civil segment.

Cost of construction

Cost of construction for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $224.4 million, a decrease of $58.5 million, or 20.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was attributable to a $54.4 million decrease in our Transportation segment and a $4.1 million decrease in our Civil segment.

Gross profit (loss)

Gross loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $51.1 million, an increase of $80.6 million, or 273.1%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was attributable to a $49.8 million increase in gross loss in our Transportation segment and a $30.8 million increase in gross loss in our Civil segment.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2024, were $17.5 million, an increase of $2.2 million, or 14.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to a $1.5 million in insurance expense, $0.4 in stock compensation expense and $0.3 million in bad debt expense, compared to the same period in 2023.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $7.5 million, an increase of $1.3 million, or 20.7%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The difference is primarily driven by an increase in external borrowings compared to the prior year and higher interest rates on additional borrowings.

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Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax benefit for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $17.1 million, or an effective rate of 22.8%. The primary differences between the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and the effective rate were state income taxes, the reversal of a previously recorded uncertain tax position liability, the recording of valuation allowances against certain subsidiaries’ separate company deferred tax assets, federal tax credits, the recording of a valuation allowance against certain subsidiaries’ tax assets, the income earned in foreign jurisdictions with a zero tax rate; however that foreign income is included within U.S. taxable income through Section 951A Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”), and finally the impact of worldwide forecast on the interim calculation under ASC 740.

Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2023, was $5.4 million, or an effective rate of 53.6%. The primary differences between the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and the effective rate were state income taxes, the income earned in foreign jurisdiction with a zero-tax rate, however, that foreign income is included within U.S taxable income through GILTI, and finally the impact of worldwide forecast on the interim calculation under ASC 740.

Comparisons of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth summary financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Revenue	$	712,929	$	844,228
Cost of construction		783,635		829,550
Gross profit (loss)		(70,706)		14,678
Selling, general, and administrative expenses		47,566		47,266
Operating loss		(118,272)		(32,588)
Loss on investments, net		(18)		(3)
Other income, net		2,430		23,559
Interest expense		(19,895)		(13,790)
Losses before income taxes		(135,755)		(22,822)
Income tax benefit		(32,796)		(11,446)
Net loss		(102,959)		(11,376)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(1,749)		2,314
Net loss attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	(101,210)	$	(13,690)

Revenue

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $712.9 million, a decrease of $131.3 million, or 15.6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $121.5 million decrease of revenue in our Transportation segment and a $9.8 million decrease in revenue in our Civil segment.

Cost of construction

Cost of construction for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $783.6 million, a decrease of $45.9 million, or 5.5%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to a $54.6 million decrease in our Transportation segment offset by a $8.7 million increase in our Civil segment.

Gross profit (loss)

Gross loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $70.7 million, an increase of $85.4 million, or 581.7%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily attributable to a $66.9 million increase in gross loss in our Transportation segment and a $18.5 million increase in gross loss in our Civil segment.

Selling, general, and administrative expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, were $47.6 million, an increase of $0.3 million, or 0.6%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily driven

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by an increase of $1.7 million in stock compensation expense offset by decreases of $1.3 million in public company costs compared to the same period in 2023.

Interest expense

Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $19.9 million, an increase of $6.1 million, or 44.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The difference is primarily driven by an increase in external borrowings compared to the prior year and higher interest rates on additional borrowings.

Income tax benefit

Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $32.8 million, or an effective rate of 24.2%. The primary differences between the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and the effective rate were state income taxes, the reversal of a previously recorded uncertain tax position liability, the recording of a valuation allowances against certain subsidiaries’ separate company deferred tax assets, federal tax credits, the recording of a valuation allowance against certain subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets, the income earned in foreign jurisdictions with a zero tax rate; however that foreign income is included within U.S. taxable income through GILTI, and finally the impact of worldwide forecast on the interim calculation under ASC 740.

Income tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was $11.5 million, or an effective rate of 50.2%. The difference from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% was driven by the pre-tax loss, change in the U.S. consolidated filing structure as a result of the Merger, permanent book and tax differences related to earnouts, elections made by various subsidiaries to voluntarily revoke their S-corporation status effective January 1, 2023, state income taxes, the income earned in foreign jurisdiction with a zero tax rate, however, that foreign income is included within U.S taxable income through GILTI, and finally the impact of worldwide forecast on the interim calculation under ASC 740.

Segment Results

Comparisons of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth segment information for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	55,849	32.2	%	$	90,708	29.0	%
Transportation		117,471	67.8	%		221,764	71.0	%
Total revenue	$	173,320	100.0	%	$	312,472	100.0	%

	Three Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Loss		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	(18,336)	(32.8)	%	$	12,465	13.7	%
Transportation		(32,769)	(27.9)	%		17,064	7.7	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(51,105)	(29.5)	%	$	29,529	9.5	%

Civil

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $55.8 million, a decrease of $34.9 million, or 38.4%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreased revenues of $17.7 million from a tunnel project in Canada, $9.0 million from two tunnel projects in Texas and $8.6 million water pipeline project in the Midwest, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

Gross loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $18.3 million, or (32.8)% of segment revenue, compared to gross income of $12.5 million, or 13.7%, of segment revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The primary

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drivers to the increase in gross loss of $30.8 million were decreased profit contributions of $13.0 million from a tunnel project in Canada, $10.6 million from three tunnel projects in Texas, $2.2 million from a water project on the east coast, $1.8 million water pipeline project in the Midwest and $1.5 million from a wastewater treatment plant project, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

Transportation

Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $117.5 million, a decrease of $104.3 million, or 47.0%, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreased revenues of $30.3 million from the M&P line, $54.6 million from a project in the Bahamas, and $16.0 million from a bridge project on the east coast, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

Gross loss for the three months ended September 30, 2024, was $32.8 million, or (27.9)% of segment revenue, compared to gross income of $17.1 million, or 7.7% of segment revenue, for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The primary contributions to the increase in gross loss of $49.8 million were decreases in profit contribution of $7.0 million from the M&P line, $23.1 million from five bridge projects, $12.3 million from a project in the Bahamas, $5.4 million from a street maintenance project in Texas, and $2.0 million completing takeover work related to the American Bridge acquisition, for the three months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

Comparisons of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023

The following table sets forth segment information for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	219,490	30.8	%	$	229,264	27.2	%
Transportation		493,439	69.2	%		614,964	72.8	%
Total revenue	$	712,929	100.0	%	$	844,228	100.0	%

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	8,694	4.0	%	$	27,137	11.8	%
Transportation		(79,400)	(16.1)	%		(12,459)	(2.0)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(70,706)	(9.9)	%	$	14,678	1.7	%

Civil

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $219.5 million, a decrease of $9.8 million, or 4.3%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily attributable to decreased revenues of $23.8 from a tunnel project in Canada, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023. This decrease was partially offset by increased revenue of $13.4 million from a water pipeline project in the Southwest, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

Gross profit for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $8.7 million, or 4.0% of segment revenue, compared to $27.1 million, or 11.8% of segment revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The primary driver to the decrease in gross profit of $18.4 million were decreased profit contribution of $15.7 from a tunnel project in Canada and $8.3 million from a tunnel project in Texas, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023. This increase in gross loss was partially offset by increased profit contribution of $4.8 million from a water project in North Dakota, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

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Transportation

The Company settled several contract disputes in its Transportation Segment during the second quarter that impacted the nine months ended September 30, 2024. These settlements resulted in approximately $39.7 million of non-recurring reductions to gross profit in the Transportation segment that arose from the M&P business. As a result of these settlements, the Company received $58.0 million of cash in the third quarter of 2024.

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $493.4 million, a decrease of $121.5 million, or 19.8%, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. This decrease was primarily attributable to decreased revenues of $77.6 million from the M&P line, $50.2 million from a project in the Bahamas, $47.9 million from a street maintenance project in Texas and $28.6 million from a bridge project in the Midwest, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023. These decreases were partially offset by increased revenues of $44.5 million from a bridge project on the east coast, $26.9 million from a project in the Bahamas and $16.0 million from an elevated roadway and bridge project in Florida, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

Gross loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, was $79.4 million, or (16.1)% of segment revenue, compared to gross loss of $12.5 million, or (2.0)% of segment revenue, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The primary contributions to the increase of gross loss of $66.9 million was a decrease in profit contribution of $4.1 million from the M&P line, $22.5 million from a bridge project in the Midwest, $14.5 million from a street maintenance project in Texas, $14.5 million completing takeover work related to the American Bridge acquisition and $10.5 million from a project in the Bahamas, for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 versus the same period in 2023.

Key Business Metrics

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operational performance. We use the following non-GAAP measures to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that the non-GAAP financial information may be helpful in assessing our operating performance and facilitates an alternative comparison between fiscal periods. The non-GAAP financial measures are not, and should not be viewed as, a substitute for GAAP reporting measures.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

In our industry, it is customary to manage our business using earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). EBITDA assists management and the Board of Directors and may be useful to investors in comparing our operating performance consistently over time as it removes the impact of our capital structure and expenses that do not relate to our core operations. Our computation of EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies may not calculate EBITDA in the same fashion.

Additionally, it is also customary to manage our business using adjusted EBITDA, which may include adjustments such as, but is not limited to, certain non-cash charges, stock-based compensation, and other one-time income or expenses (“Adjusted EBITDA”). Adjusted EBITDA is intended as a supplemental measure of our performance that is neither required by, nor presented in accordance with, GAAP. We believe that the use of Adjusted EBITDA provides an additional tool for investors to use in evaluating ongoing operating results and trends and in comparing our financial measures with those comparable companies, which may present similar non-GAAP financial measures to investors. However, you should be aware that, when evaluating Adjusted EBITDA, we may have future activities similar to those excluded when calculating these measures. In addition, our presentation of these measures should not be construed as an inference that our future results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computation of Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures computed by other companies, because all companies may not calculate Adjusted EBITDA in the same fashion.

Because of these limitations, Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using Adjusted EBITDA on a supplemental basis. The reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA below

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should be reviewed, and no single financial measure should be relied upon to evaluate our business. Below is a reconciliation of net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA.

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$	(54,727)	$	3,800	$	(101,210)	$	(13,690)
Depreciation and amortization		5,776		7,968		16,925		24,704
Income tax expense (benefit)		(17,142)		5,390		(32,796)		(11,446)
Interest expense		7,520		6,231		19,895		13,790
Interest income		(167)		(1,060)		(527)		(1,358)
EBITDA		(58,740)		22,329		(97,713)		12,000
Transaction related costs		—		—		—		1,594
Contingent earnout consideration non-cash expense reversal		—		—		—		(20,689)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(58,740)	$	22,329	$	(97,713)	$	(7,095)

Backlog

We define contract backlog (“Backlog”) as a measure of the total amount of revenue remaining to be earned on projects that have been awarded. Backlog consists of two components: (1) unearned revenue and (2) contracts awarded but not started. Unearned revenue includes the revenue we expect to record in the future on in-progress contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. Contracts that are awarded, but not yet started, are included in Backlog once a contract has been fully executed and/or we have received a formal “Notice to Proceed” from the project owner.

(Amounts in thousands)
Balance December 31, 2023	$	2,834,966
New contracts, change orders, and adjustments		615,151
Less: contract revenue recognized in 2024		(712,928)
Balance September 30, 2024	$	2,737,189

Backlog should not be considered a comprehensive indicator of future revenue as many of our contracts can be terminated by our customers on relatively short notice, and Backlog does not include future work for which we may be awarded or new awards for which we are awaiting an executed contract or an authorized “Notice to Proceed.” In the event of a cancelation, we are typically reimbursed for all of our costs through a specific contractual date, our costs to demobilize from the project site, and in certain cases overhead costs and profit associated with the contract through the cancellation date. Costs may include preconstruction and engineering services as well as that of our subcontractors. Our contracts do not typically grant us rights to revenue reflected in Backlog. Projects may remain in the Backlog for extended periods of time as a result of schedule delays, regulatory requirements, project specific issues, or other reasons. Contract amounts from contracts where a transaction price cannot be reasonably estimated are not included within our Backlog amount.

Below is our Backlog by segment.

Civil

(Amounts in thousands)
Balance December 31, 2023	$	634,458
New contracts, change orders, and adjustments		569,895
Less: contract revenue recognized in 2024		(213,678)
Balance September 30, 2024	$	990,675

Transportation

(Amounts in thousands)
Balance December 31, 2023	$	2,200,508
New contracts, change orders, and adjustments		45,256
Less: contract revenue recognized in 2024		(499,250)
Balance September 30, 2024	$	1,746,514

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Liquidity, Capital Commitments and Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity are cash generated from operations, funds from borrowings, and existing cash on hand. Our principal uses of cash typically include the funding of working capital obligations, debt service, and investment in machinery and equipment for our projects.

We will receive cash proceeds from the exercise of any Warrants that are exercised on a cash basis. We believe the likelihood that Warrant holders will exercise their Warrants, and therefore the amount of cash proceeds that we would receive, is dependent upon the trading price of our common stock. On November 1, 2024, the closing price of our common stock was $2.84 per share. To the extent the market price of our common stock remains below the exercise price of $11.50 per share, we believe that Warrant holders will be unlikely to exercise their Warrants for cash, resulting in little or no cash proceeds to us for any such exercise. To the extent we receive any cash proceeds, we expect to use such proceeds for general corporate and working capital purposes, which would increase our liquidity. However, we do not expect to rely materially on the cash exercise of Warrants to fund our operations.

Based on historical results, losses and other negative impacts related to M&P and other certain projects, and delays in settling claims and change orders, our liquidity position has been negatively impacted. However, we believe anticipated future operating results, available cash, and other financing sources and initiatives will be adequate to meet our liquidity needs for at least the next twelve months, including any anticipated requirements for working capital, capital expenditures, and scheduled debt service.

Our current and future liquidity is greatly dependent upon our operating results, which are largely determined by overall economic conditions, our current contracts and Backlog. Our liquidity could be adversely affected by a disruption in the availability of credit. If such a material adverse event were to occur, we may be unable to borrow under our Credit Facility (as defined below) or may be required to seek additional financing. In addition, we may be required to seek additional financing to refinance all or a significant portion of our existing debt on or prior to maturity. We may also seek to access the public or private equity markets to support our liquidity whenever required or conditions are favorable to us. We have filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 with the SEC that was declared effective by the SEC on April 8, 2024 (File No. 333-278008), which allows us to offer and sell up to an aggregate amount of $150.0 million of any combination of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants to purchase common stock, preferred stock or debt securities, or units of these securities from time to time subject to Instruction I.B.6 to Form S-3 which limits the aggregate market value of securities we may sell during any 12 consecutive months to one-third of our public float for so long as our public float is less than $75.0 million. There can be no assurance that we will be able to raise additional capital or obtain additional financing when needed or on terms that are favorable to us.

We are exposed to market risks relating to fluctuations in interest rates and currency exchange risks. Significant changes in market conditions could cause interest rates to increase and have a material impact on the financing needed to operate our business.

The following table sets forth summary change in cash, cash equivalent and restricted cash for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023:

	Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	12,242	$	(36,588)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		2,298		(507)
Net cash provided by financing activities		28,437		11,730
Effect of exchange rate changes		(49)		126
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	42,928	$	(25,239)

Net cash provided by operating activities was $12.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the primary drivers in cash provided by operating activities were a decrease of $97.8 million in contract assets, an increase of $50.1 million in contract liabilities, $16.9 million in depreciation and amortization and $1.2 million increase in operating lease liabilities, offset by $105.1 million in net loss, $26.7 million in deferred taxes, and a decrease of $22.1 million in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. Net cash used in operating activities was $36.6 million

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during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the primary drivers in cash used in operating activities were an increase of $69.5 million in accounts receivable and $22.1 million in deferred taxes, offset by a $53.0 million increase in contract liabilities.

Net cash provided by investing activities was $2.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the primary drivers in cash provided by investing activities were $4.5 million in proceeds from sale of property and equipment and $4.2 million in distributions from investees, offset by $6.2 million in purchases of property and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities was $0.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the primary driver in cash used in investing activities was $0.5 million in capital contribution to unconsolidated investments.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $28.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the primary drivers in cash provided by financing activities were $167.8 million in borrowings on notes payable and $42.5 million in proceeds from financing obligations, offset by $95.0 million of payments on the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below), $80.6 million in payments on notes payable and $5.5 million in payments of deferred financing costs. Net cash provided by financing activities was $11.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the primary drivers in cash provided by financing activities were $17.1 million in proceeds from the Merger and $3.0 million in borrowings on the Revolving Credit Facility, offset by $8.0 million in payments on the revolving credit facility.

As of September 30, 2024, we had total debt of $318.3 million, of which $43.1 million is due within the next twelve months.

Secured Notes

We enter into secured notes in order to finance growth within our business. In July 2023, we refinanced approximately $76.4 million of existing secured notes in exchange for a new equipment note in the amount of $113.5 million. The equipment note is secured by specific construction equipment assets and has a five-year fully amortizing term at a fixed rate of 7.25%. We incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost in connection with the refinancing. The deferred financing costs are included in long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, as part of the refinancing, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.6 million, which was included in other income, net on our consolidated statements of operations and $0.6 million as bank service charges in connection with the refinancing. As of September 30, 2024, we had outstanding secured notes expiring between December 2025 and March 2033. Interest rates on the secured notes range between 0.00% and 12.90%. The secured notes are collateralized by certain assets of Southland’s fleet of equipment.

On September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a term loan and security agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Callodine Commercial Finance, LLC as administrative agent and lender. The Credit Agreement provides for a four-year secured $160.0 million term loan facility (the “Credit Facility”), consisting of a $140.0 million initial draw term loan (the “Term Loan”) and a $20.0 million committed delayed draw term loan (the “Delayed Draw”). The Delayed Draw is a committed facility in which the Company may request all or a portion of the Delayed Draw to be available to the Company. The Delayed Draw can be drawn no more than once per quarter in minimum increments of $2.5 million, and once drawn, any repaid amounts of the Delayed Draw cannot be re-borrowed. Any undrawn portion of the Delayed Draw commitment will terminate on September 30, 2027, the third anniversary of the closing date. The Credit Facility has a maturity date of September 30, 2028.

The Credit Facility replaced the revolving credit facility with Frost Bank that was originally entered into in July 2021 (as subsequently amended, the “Revolving Credit Facility”).  A portion of the proceeds from the Term Loan was used to pay in full all outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was terminated.

The Credit Agreement requires quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan, which will commence on December 31, 2024. The required principal amortization is as follows: (i) 5.0% in the first year (1.25% per quarter), (ii) 10.0% in the second year (2.50% per quarter), (iii) 15.0% in the third and fourth years (3.75% per quarter), and (iv) the remaining balance at maturity. The amortization for the Delayed Draw will also be paid quarterly and apply to each individual draw at the same prevailing quarterly rate that is in effect for the Term Loan and will commence with the first full quarter after the draw date of any Delayed Draw.

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The interest on amounts drawn under the Credit Facility is payable monthly at a rate of 7.25% per annum plus the higher of (i) 90-day Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) with a credit adjustment spread of 0.15% or (ii) 3%. The undrawn portion of the Delayed Draw is subject to a 3.75% commitment fee, payable monthly.

Any principal prepayments in the first three years, other than mandatory prepayments pursuant to the Credit Agreement, will be subject to additional fees. In the first year, any prepayments will incur fees of 3% or the make-whole premium, whichever is higher. The make-whole premium is the interest and fees that would have been earned for the full year less interest and fees paid to date during the year. In the second and third years, any prepayments will incur fees of 2% and 1%, respectively. There are no fees for prepayments made in the fourth year.

The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive covenants and events of default, including financial covenants based on the Company’s Liquidity, as defined in the Credit Agreement, and trailing twelve-month earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (the “TTM EBITDA Covenants”). The TTM EBITDA Covenants will be tested and the Company must comply with the TTM EBITDA Covenants during any period where the Company’s Liquidity falls below $30.0 million until the Company’s Liquidity exceeds $30.0 million for a period of at least 30 days. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain Liquidity of at least $20.0 million at all times. The Credit Agreement also stipulates that the outstanding principal cannot be greater than the specified advance rates against eligible collateral.

The obligations under the Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a first lien on all assets of the Company, subject to permitted liens and interests of other parties as described in the Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Mortgage Notes

We enter into mortgage notes in order to finance growth within our business. As of September 30, 2024, we had mortgage notes expiring between October 2024 and February 2029. Interest rates on the mortgage notes range between 3.84% and 5.99%. The mortgage notes are collateralized by certain real estate owned by Southland.

Revolving Credit Facility

In July 2021, we entered into the Revolving Credit Facility agreement with Frost Bank for $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Revolving Credit Facility agreement had been amended and increased to $100.0 million. In August 2023, the Revolving Credit Facility was extended through January 15, 2025. In July 2024, the Company made a $3.0 million payment on the Revolving Credit Facility, in connection with a real estate transaction (see Note 2).

On August 9, 2024, a principal payment of $2.5 million was made and the Revolving Credit Facility limit was reduced to $84.5 million. An additional payment of $10.0 million was made on September 15, 2024, which further reduced the Revolving Credit Facility limit to $74.5 million. Concurrently with the Company’s entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company terminated the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company used a portion of the Term Loan proceeds to pay in full outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility.

Short-Term Incentive Plan Obligations

On June 25, 2024, the Board of Directors of Southland Holdings, Inc. approved adjustments to the compensation arrangements of the Company’s named executive officers (“NEOs”). The NEOs’ incentive compensation is subject to the terms of the Company’s Short-Term Incentive Plan (“STIP”), which includes a cash target between 75% and 100% of base salary depending on the NEO’s position. 70% of the STIP is based on certain performance metrics and 30% is discretionary. The NEOs can earn anywhere between 0% and 165% of their STIP target, based on Company and individual performance.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Not applicable.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

It is management’s responsibility to establish and maintain adequate disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, have reviewed and evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report. Following this review and evaluation, our management determined that as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See Note 7 – “Commitments and Contingencies”, included in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included under Part I of this Quarterly Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no additional risk factors identified and no material changes with regard to the risk factors previously disclosed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” to Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

Item 5. Other Information

During the last fiscal quarter, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as those terms are defined in Regulation S-K, Item 408.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.	Description
2.1	Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 25, 2022, by and among the Company, Legato Merger Sub, Inc. and Southland Holdings, LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 25, 2022).
3.1	Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023).
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on February 14, 2023).
4.1	Specimen Warrant Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260816) filed with the SEC on November 5, 2021).
4.2	Warrant Agreement between American Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Company (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 23, 2021).
4.3	Specimen Common Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-260816) filed with the SEC on November 5, 2021).
10.1	Real Estate Purchase Agreement, by and between Southland Holdings, LLC and Reksuh Acquisition, LLC, dated May 7, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 23, 2024).
10.2	First Amendment to Real Estate Purchase Agreement, by and between Southland Holdings, LLC and Reksuh Acquisition, LLC, dated May 7, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s Current Report o Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 23, 2024).
10.3	Second Amendment and Assignment and Assumption of Real Estate Purchase Agreement, by and between Southland Holdings, LLC, Reksuh Acquisition, LLC, American Bridge Company and GCP Southland, LLC, dated July 17, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 23, 2024).
10.4	Lease Agreement, by and between Southland Holdings, Inc. and GCP Southland, LLC, dated July 19, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 23, 2024).
10.5	Lease Agreement, by and between Southland Holdings, Inc. and GCP Southland, LLC, dated July 19, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 23, 2024).
10.6	Lease Agreement, by and between Southland Holdings, Inc. and GCP Southland, LLC, dated July 19, 2024 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 23, 2024).
10.7	Credit Agreement, dated as of September 30, 2024, by and among the Company, as borrowers, and Callodine Commercial Finance, LLC, as administrative agent and lender (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 3, 2024).
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14 and 15d-14, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.

35

101*

The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited); (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited); (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (unaudited); (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited); (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited); and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited), tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.

104*

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*Filed herewith.

**Furnished herewith.

36

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized.

Date: November 12, 2024

SOUTHLAND HOLDINGS, INC.
By:	/s/ Frank Renda
Name:	Frank Renda
Title:	President, Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)
By:	/s/ Cody Gallarda
Name:	Cody Gallarda
Title:	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

37

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Frank S. Renda certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Southland Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:  November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Frank S. Renda
		Name:	Frank S. Renda
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Cody Gallarda, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Southland Holdings, Inc.;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

d. Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Dated:  November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Cody Gallarda
		Name:	Cody Gallarda
		Title:	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Southland Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(i) the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:  November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Frank S. Renda
		Name:	Frank S. Renda
		Title:	President and Chief Executive Officer
			(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the undersigned officer of Southland Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) hereby certifies, to the best of my knowledge, that:

(i) the accompanying Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of the Company for the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2024 (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or Section 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(ii) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Dated:  November 12, 2024	By:	/s/ Cody Gallarda
		Name:	Cody Gallarda
		Title:	Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
			(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Nov. 01, 2024
Document and Entity Information
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2024
Document Transition Report	false
Securities Act File Number	001-41090
Entity Registrant Name	Southland Holdings, Inc.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	87-1783910
Entity Address, Address Line One	1100 Kubota Dr.
Entity Address, City or Town	Grapevine
Entity Address, State or Province	TX
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	76051
City Area Code	817
Local Phone Number	293-4263
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		48,105,512
Entity Central Index Key	0001883814
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Amendment Flag	false
Common Stock
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	SLND
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER
Redeemable warrants
Document and Entity Information
Title of 12(b) Security	Redeemable warrants, exercisable for shares of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share
Trading Symbol	SLND WS
Security Exchange Name	NYSEAMER

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 91,378	$ 49,176
Restricted cash	15,370	14,644
Accounts receivable, net	193,124	194,869
Retainage receivables	108,651	109,562
Contract assets	456,176	554,202
Other current assets	19,223	20,083
Total current assets	883,922	942,536
Property and equipment, net	114,034	102,150
Right-of-use assets	13,584	12,492
Investments - unconsolidated entities	125,588	121,648
Investments - limited liability companies	2,590	2,590
Investments - private equity	3,095	3,235
Deferred tax asset	39,334	11,496
Goodwill	1,528	1,528
Intangible assets, net	1,418	1,682
Other noncurrent assets	1,701	1,711
Total noncurrent assets	302,872	258,532
Total assets	1,186,794	1,201,068
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	164,897	162,464
Retainage payable	35,954	40,950
Accrued liabilities	101,939	124,667
Current portion of long-term debt	43,072	48,454
Short-term lease liabilities	8,829	14,081
Contract liabilities	243,505	193,351
Total current liabilities	598,196	583,967
Long-term debt	275,237	251,906
Long-term lease liabilities	6,085	5,246
Deferred tax liabilities	1,952	2,548
Long-term accrued liabilities	58,075	49,109
Financing obligations, net	41,464
Other noncurrent liabilities	47,751	47,728
Total long-term liabilities	430,564	356,537
Total liabilities	1,028,760	940,504
Commitment and contingencies (Note 7)
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 50,000,000 shares, none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, authorized 500,000,000 shares, 48,105,512 and 47,891,984 issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively	5	5
Additional paid-in-capital	271,798	270,330
Accumulated deficit	(120,463)	(19,253)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(2,276)	(1,460)
Total stockholders' equity	149,064	249,622
Noncontrolling interest	8,970	10,942
Total equity	158,034	260,564
Total liabilities and equity	$ 1,186,794	$ 1,201,068

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited) (Parenthetical)
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized	500,000,000	500,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	48,105,512	47,891,984
Common stock, shares outstanding	48,105,512	47,891,984

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)
Revenue	$ 173,320	$ 312,472	$ 712,929	$ 844,228
Cost of construction	224,425	282,943	783,635	829,550
Gross profit (loss)	(51,105)	29,529	(70,706)	14,678
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	17,492	15,247	47,566	47,266
Operating income (loss)	(68,597)	14,282	(118,272)	(32,588)
Gain (loss) on investments, net	5	(21)	(18)	(3)
Other income, net	841	2,151	2,430	23,559
Interest expense	(7,520)	(6,231)	(19,895)	(13,790)
Earnings (losses) before income taxes	(75,271)	10,181	(135,755)	(22,822)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(17,142)	5,390	(32,796)	(11,446)
Net income (loss)	(58,129)	4,791	(102,959)	(11,376)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3,402)	991	(1,749)	2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$ (54,727)	$ 3,800	$ (101,210)	$ (13,690)
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ (1.14)	$ 0.08	$ (2.11)	$ (0.29)
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ (1.14)	$ 0.08	$ (2.11)	$ (0.29)
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic	48,105,512	47,856,114	48,020,822	46,771,938
Diluted	48,105,512	47,872,042	48,020,822	46,771,938

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)
Net income (loss)	$ (58,129)	$ 4,791	$ (102,959)	$ (11,376)
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax	238	(1,972)	(1,039)	(119)
Comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	(57,891)	2,819	(103,998)	(11,495)
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interest	(3,310)	646	(1,972)	2,170
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Southland Stockholders	$ (54,581)	$ 2,173	$ (102,026)	$ (13,665)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Preferred Stock Adjusted Balance	Preferred Stock	Common Stock Adjustment	Common Stock Adjusted Balance	Common Stock	AOCI Adjusted Balance	AOCI	Additional Paid-In Capital Adjustment	Additional Paid-In Capital Adjusted Balance	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Deficit	Members Capital Adjustment	Members Capital	Noncontrolling Interest Adjusted Balance	Noncontrolling Interest	Adjustment	Adjusted Balance	Total
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 24,400	$ 24,400	$ 4	$ 4		$ (2,576)	$ (2,576)	$ 284,569	$ 284,569			$ (327,614)	$ 327,614	$ 10,446	$ 10,446	$ (43,041)	$ 316,843	$ 359,884
Beginning balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	24,400,000	24,400,000	44,407,831	44,407,831
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends		$ (24,400)								$ (50,129)					(24)			(74,553)
Preferred stock repurchase and dividends (shares)		(24,400,000)
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares					$ 4					34,996								35,000
Distributions to joint venture partner															(110)			(110)
Net income (loss)											$ (4,664)				398			(4,266)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							504								2			506
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2023					$ 8		(2,072)			269,436	(4,664)				10,712			273,420
Ending balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2023					44,407,831
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$ 24,400	$ 24,400	$ 4	$ 4		$ (2,576)	(2,576)	$ 284,569	$ 284,569			$ (327,614)	$ 327,614	$ 10,446	10,446	$ (43,041)	$ 316,843	359,884
Beginning balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2022	24,400,000	24,400,000	44,407,831	44,407,831
Net income (loss)																		(11,376)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023					$ 8		(2,551)			269,920	(13,690)				12,482			266,169
Ending balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					47,856,114
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2023					$ 8		(2,072)			269,436	(4,664)				10,712			273,420
Beginning balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2023					44,407,831
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares (in shares)					3,448,283
Net income (loss)											(12,826)				925			(11,901)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							1,149								198			1,347
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2023					$ 8		(923)			269,436	(17,490)				11,835			262,866
Ending balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2023					47,856,114
Share based compensation										484								484
Net income (loss)											3,800				991			4,791
Other comprehensive income (loss)							(1,628)								(344)			(1,972)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2023					$ 8		(2,551)			269,920	(13,690)				12,482			266,169
Ending balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2023					47,856,114
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023					$ 5		(1,460)			270,330	(19,253)				10,942			260,564
Beginning balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2023					47,891,984
Issuance of shares - RSUs, net of tax										(206)								(206)
Issuance of shares - RSUs, net of tax (in shares)					133,704
Share based compensation										677								677
Net income (loss)											(406)				931			525
Other comprehensive income (loss)							(372)								(209)			(581)
Ending balance at Mar. 31, 2024					$ 5		(1,832)			270,801	(19,659)				11,664			260,979
Ending balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2024					48,025,688
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2023					$ 5		(1,460)			270,330	(19,253)				10,942			$ 260,564
Beginning balance (shares) at Dec. 31, 2023					47,891,984
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares (in shares)																		0
Net income (loss)																		$ (102,959)
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024					$ 5		(2,276)			271,798	(120,463)				8,970			158,034
Ending balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2024					48,105,512
Beginning balance at Mar. 31, 2024					$ 5		(1,832)			270,801	(19,659)				11,664			260,979
Beginning balance (shares) at Mar. 31, 2024					48,025,688
Issuance of shares - RSUs, net of tax (in shares)					79,824
Share based compensation										622								622
Net income (loss)											(46,077)				722			(45,355)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							(590)								(106)			(696)
Ending balance at Jun. 30, 2024					$ 5		(2,422)			271,423	(65,736)				12,280			215,550
Ending balance (shares) at Jun. 30, 2024					48,105,512
Share based compensation										375								375
Net income (loss)											(54,727)				(3,402)			(58,129)
Other comprehensive income (loss)							146								92			238
Ending balance at Sep. 30, 2024					$ 5		$ (2,276)			$ 271,798	$ (120,463)				$ 8,970			$ 158,034
Ending balance (shares) at Sep. 30, 2024					48,105,512

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$ (102,959)	$ (11,376)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	16,925	24,704
Loss on extinguishment of debt	246
Deferred taxes	(28,379)	(22,148)
Change in fair value of earnout liability		(20,689)
Share based compensation	1,674	484
Gain on sale of assets	(3,279)	(118)
Foreign currency remeasurement gain	(53)	(37)
Loss (earnings) from equity method investments	2,453	(5,102)
TZC investment present value accretion	(3,367)	(1,828)
Loss on trading securities, net	18	3
Changes in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	2,196	(69,471)
Contract assets	97,801	(4,376)
Other current assets	859	1,564
Right-of-use assets	(1,096)	4,034
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(22,659)	20,584
Contract liabilities	50,115	53,048
Operating lease liabilities	1,227	(3,991)
Other	520	(1,873)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	12,242	(36,588)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment	(6,210)	(7,475)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	4,453	7,461
Contributions to other investments	(59)
Distributions from other investments	181	47
Distributions from investees	4,183
Capital contribution to unconsolidated investments	(250)	(540)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	2,298	(507)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Borrowings on revolving credit facility	5,000	3,000
Payments on revolving credit facility	(95,000)	(8,000)
Borrowings on notes payable	167,784	115,355
Payments on notes payable	(80,613)	(111,908)
Proceeds from financing obligations	42,500
Payments of deferred financing costs	(5,468)	(578)
Pre-payment premium	(246)
Advances from related parties		425
Payments to related parties		(4)
Payments on finance lease and financing obligations	(5,314)	(3,538)
Distribution to members		(110)
Payment of taxes related to net share settlement of RSUs	(206)
Other		17,088
Net cash provided by financing activities	28,437	11,730
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(49)	126
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	42,928	(25,239)
Beginning of period	63,820	71,991
End of period	106,748	46,752
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for income taxes	1,079	3,033
Cash paid for interest	18,886	12,704
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Lease assets obtained in exchange for new leases	9,881	8,529
Assets obtained in exchange for notes payable	23,286	8,626
Related party payable exchanged for note payable	$ 3,797
Issuance of post-merger earn out shares		35,000
Dividend financed with notes payable		$ 50,000

XML

Description of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Description of Business

Description of Business

1. Description of Business

Southland Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries (“Southland”, the “Company”, “we”, “us”, or “our”) are a diverse leader in specialty infrastructure construction with roots dating back to 1900. We design and construct projects in the bridges, tunnels, transportation and facilities, marine, steel structures, water and wastewater treatment, and water pipelines end markets.

Southland is based in Grapevine, Texas. It is the parent company of Johnson Bros. Corporation, American Bridge Holding Company (“American Bridge”), Oscar Renda Contracting, Southland Contracting, Mole Constructors, Heritage Materials and other affiliates. American Bridge, a builder of specialty construction projects, was acquired in 2020. With the combined capabilities of these six primary subsidiaries and their affiliates, Southland has become a diversified industry leader with both public and private customers. The majority of our customers are located in the United States.

In the second quarter of 2023, Southland decided to discontinue certain types of projects in its Materials & Paving business line (“M&P”) and sold assets related to producing large scale concrete and asphalt. M&P is reported in the Transportation segment. The Company will not be pursuing production of concrete and asphalt products for use on self-performed paving projects where the majority of the scope of work contains large-scale concrete and asphalt production or sale of asphalt and concrete products to third parties. This operational shift will allow the Company to better focus its resources on more profitable lines of business. The Company has concluded this action with M&P does not qualify for Discontinued Operations treatment and presentation as it does not represent a strategic shift in the Company’s business.

As previously announced, on May 25, 2022, Legato Merger Corp. II, a Delaware corporation (“Legato II”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “Merger Agreement”) with Legato Merger Sub Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (“Merger Sub”), and Southland Holdings LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Southland LLC”).

On February 14, 2023 (the “Closing Date”), as contemplated by the Merger Agreement, Merger Sub merged with and into Southland LLC, with Southland LLC surviving the merger as a wholly owned subsidiary of Legato II (the “Merger”). The transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are referred to herein collectively as the “Business Combination.” In connection with the Business Combination, Legato II changed its name to “Southland Holdings, Inc.”

The Merger was accounted for as a reverse recapitalization with Southland LLC as the accounting acquirer and Legato II as the acquired company for accounting purposes. Accordingly, all historical financial information presented in the consolidated financial statements represents the accounts of Southland and its subsidiaries as if Southland had been the predecessor Company.

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

2. Basis of Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) contains guidance that form GAAP. New guidance is released via Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair

presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report which was filed on Form 10-K on March 4, 2024.

The accompanying consolidated balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2023, have been derived from the Form 10-K filed on March 4, 2024. The Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2024, and operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the financial conditions and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2024.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southland Holdings, Inc., and our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and affiliates. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated within the consolidations process. Investments in non-construction related partnerships and less-than-majority owned subsidiaries that we do not control, but where we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method. Certain construction related joint ventures and partnerships that we do not control, nor do we have significant influence, are accounted for under the equity method for the balance sheet and the proportionate consolidation method for the statement of operations.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for continued reasonableness. It is reasonably possible that changes may occur in the near term that would affect our estimates with respect to revenue recognition, the allowance for credit losses, recoverability of unapproved contract modifications, deferred tax assets, and other accounts for which estimates are required.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in accounts at certain financial institutions. The majority of our balances exceed federally insured limits.

We have not experienced any losses in these accounts, and we do not believe they are exposed to any significant credit risk.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held in accounts in our name at certain financial institutions. These accounts are subject to certain control provisions in favor of various surety and insurance companies for purposes of compliance and security perfections.

(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	49,176	$	57,915
Restricted cash at beginning of period		14,644		14,076
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	63,820	$	71,991
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,378	$	49,176
Restricted cash at end of period		15,370		14,644
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	106,748	$	63,820

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles may be impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). We identify our reporting unit and determine the carrying value of the reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, to the reporting unit. Our reporting units are based on our organizational and reporting structure. We currently identify three reporting units. We begin with a qualitative assessment using inputs based on our business, our industry, and overall

macroeconomic factors. If our qualitative assessment deems that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, we then complete a quantitative assessment to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, based on the results of our qualitative assessments which determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded the carrying amounts and that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded the carrying amounts, we did not complete quantitative assessments, and we did not record any impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying value of the asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If such assets are not considered to be fully recoverable, any impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets exceeds its respective fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we did not identify any triggering events that would require a quantitative assessment.

Accounts Receivable, Net

We provide an allowance for credit losses, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, existing economic conditions, and future expectations. Normal contracts receivables are typically due 30 days after the issuance of the invoice. Retainages are due 30 days after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. Warranty retainage receivables, where applicable, are typically due two years after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. Receivables past due more than 120 days are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit evaluations and specific circumstances of the customer.

As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we had an allowance for credit losses of $1.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

Real Estate Transaction

In July 2024, the Company closed a real estate purchase agreement to sell and leaseback three properties for $42.5 million. The transaction was accounted for as a failed sale-leaseback based on GAAP. As a result, the assets remain on the consolidated balance sheets at their historical net book values. A financing obligation liability was recognized in the amount of $42.5 million. The Company will not recognize rent expenses related to the leased assets. Instead, monthly rent payments under the lease agreement will be recorded as interest expense and a reduction of the outstanding liability.

As of September 30, 2024, relating to the transaction noted above, the current outstanding liability is included in accrued liabilities and the long-term outstanding liability presented as financing obligations, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations-Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement” (“ASU 2023-05”), which requires that a joint venture apply a new basis of accounting upon formation. As a result, a newly formed joint venture, upon formation, would initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value. ASU 2023-05 is effective prospectively for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. We plan to adopt ASU 2023-05 in the first quarter of 2025, but do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 “Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative,” which amends GAAP to include 14 disclosure requirements that are currently required

under SEC Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. Each amendment will be effective on the date on which the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from SEC Regulation S-X or Registration S-K. The Company has evaluated the new standard and determined that it will have no material impact on its consolidated financial statements or disclosures since the Company is already subject to the relevant SEC disclosure requirements.

In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-07"), which requires expanded disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 will be applied retrospectively and is first effective for our annual reporting for 2024 and for quarterly reporting beginning in 2025. This ASU affects financial statement disclosures only, and its adoption will not affect our condensed consolidated financial statements.

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which established new income tax disclosure requirements. Public business entities must apply the guidance to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We have not elected to early adopt this standard. We are currently evaluating the impact ASU 2023-09 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent SEC Rules

In March 2024, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. Unless legal challenges to the rule prevail, this rule will require registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports, and the revisions to Regulation S-X would apply to our financial statements beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. We are currently assessing the effect of these new rules on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Note 2 to the 10-K filed on March 4, 2024, and contained elsewhere herein, other than the policy for warrants, which is included below. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant changes in our use of estimates or significant accounting policies.

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, was conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. The Company has concluded that the public warrants and private warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment. 

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Recapitalization

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Recapitalization

Recapitalization

3. Recapitalization

As discussed in Note 1 – Description of Business, on the Closing Date, the Company issued 33,793,111 shares of common stock to the former members of Southland (“Southland Members”) in exchange for their membership interests in Southland (“Southland Membership Interests”). Southland received net proceeds of $17.1 million. Transaction costs of $9.9 million directly related to the Merger, are included in additional paid-in capital in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Prior to the Merger, Southland LLC declared a $50.0 million dividend to be payable to Southland Members, which is recorded in other noncurrent liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. Southland Members, in lieu of cash payment, agreed to receive a promissory note for payment in the future. The notes have a four-year term and accrue interest at 7.0%. Southland, at its discretion, may make interim interest and principal payments during the term.

Immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination, there were 44,407,831 shares of common stock and 14,385,500 warrants, each exercisable for a share of common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share (including public and private placement warrants) (each a “Warrant” and together, collectively, the “Warrants”), outstanding.

Earnout Shares

Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, Southland Members had the potential to be issued additional consideration of up to 10,344,828 shares of common stock for attaining certain performance targets for the years ended December 31, 2022, and December 31, 2023. On April 27, 2023, Southland issued 3,448,283 shares of common stock to the Southland Members pursuant to the attainment of the 2022 Base Target (as defined in the Merger Agreement). Performance targets for December 31, 2023, were not achieved and there are no further issuances to be made under the Merger Agreement. No shares were issued pursuant to the earnout targets for 2023 as neither of the targets were attained.

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Fair Value Measurements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Investments

Fair Value Measurements

4. Fair Value Investments

Fair value of investments measured on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, were as follows:

	As of
	September 30, 2024
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,095		—		—		3,095
Total noncurrent		3,095		—		—		3,095
Overall Total	$	3,095	$	—	$	—	$	3,095

	As of
	December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,235		—		—		3,235
Total noncurrent		3,235		—		—		3,235
Overall Total	$	3,235	$	—	$	—	$	3,235

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Revenue

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue

Revenue

5. Revenue

Revenue is recognized over time using the input method in accordance with ASC 606, measured by the percentage of cost incurred to date to the estimated total cost for each contract. This method is used because we believe expended cost to be the best available measure of progress on contracts.

Our contracts are primarily in the form of firm fixed-price and fixed-price per unit. A large portion of our contracts have scope defined adequately, which allows us to estimate total contract value upon the signing of a new contract. Upon signing a new contract, we allocate the total consideration across various contractual promises to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. These are grouped into specific performance obligations. This process requires significant management judgement. Most of our contracts have a single performance obligation. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, we allocate the total transaction price based on the estimated standalone selling price, which is the total project costs plus a budgeted margin percentage, for each of the performance obligations.

Revenue is recognized when, or as, the performance obligations are satisfied. Our contracts do not include a significant financing component. Costs to obtain contracts are generally not significant and are expensed in the period incurred.

Estimating cost to complete of long-term contracts involves a significant amount of estimation and judgement. For long-term contracts, we use the calculated transaction price, estimated cost to complete the project, and the total costs incurred on the project to date to calculate the percentage of the project that is complete. The costs to complete the project and the transaction price can change due to unforeseen events that can either increase or decrease total expected revenues and the estimated margin on a particular project.

Our contract structure allows for variable consideration. A significant portion of this variable consideration comes in the form of change order requests and claims. Other variable consideration can include performance bonuses, incentives, liquidated damages, and other terms that can either raise or lower the total transaction price. We estimate variable consideration based on the probability of being entitled to collection of specific amounts and the estimated amount that we will actually collect. We include amounts that we believe we have an enforceable right to collect, and will actually collect, based on our probability of success with specific claims or contractual rights. Our estimates of total variable consideration rely on all available information about our customer including historical, current, and forecasted information.

Many of our contracts require contract modifications resulting from a change in contract scope or requirements. Change orders are issued to document changes to the original contract. Our estimated value on contract modifications may or may not be accepted by our customers. We can have approved and unapproved change orders. Unapproved change orders are contract modifications for which we or our customers have not agreed to terms, scope and price. Contract modifications are necessary for many reasons, including but not limited to, changes to the contract specifications or design from the customer, modification to the original scope, changes to engineering drawings, or other required deviation from the original construction plan. Contract modifications may also be necessary for reasons including, but not limited to, other changes to the contract which may be out of our control, such as rain or other weather delays, incomplete, insufficient, inaccurate engineering drawings, different site conditions from information made available during the estimating process, or other reasons. An unapproved change order may turn into a formal claim if we cannot come to an agreement with the owner but are contractually entitled to recovery of costs and profits for work performed. Costs incurred related to contract modifications are included in the estimated costs to complete and are treated as project costs when incurred. Unless the contract modification is distinct from the other goods and services included within the project, the contract modification is accounted for as part of the existing contract. The effect of any modifications on the transaction price, and our measure of the percentage-of-completion on specific performance obligations for which the contract modification relates, is recognized as a cumulative catch-up adjustment to revenue recognized. In some cases, contract modifications may not be fully settled until after the completion of work as specified in the original contract.

We review and update our contract and cost estimates regularly. Any adjustments in estimated profit on contracts is recognized under the cumulative catch-up method. Under this method, the cumulative impact of the profit adjustment is recognized in the period the adjustment is identified. Revenue and profit in future periods are then recognized using an updated estimate that uses inputs consisting of costs incurred to date, the estimated transaction price and the estimated remaining costs to be incurred on the project.

If a contract is deemed to be in a loss position, the projected loss is recognized in full, including reversal of any previously recognized margin, in the period in which the change in estimate is made. Losses are recognized as an accrued loss provision on the consolidated balance sheets in the accrued liabilities caption. For contract revenue after the date that the loss is accrued, the accrued loss provision is adjusted so that the gross profit for the contract remains zero in future periods, subject to future adjustments to the overall expected profit or loss as determined at such time. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $20.2 million and $17.3 million, respectively, in accrued loss provisions.

As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had $172.7 million and $139.6 million, respectively, of unapproved contract modifications included within our various projects’ transaction prices. These modifications are in negotiations with our customers or other third parties.

We estimate the likelihood of collection during the bidding process for new contracts. Customers with history of late or non-payment are avoided in the bidding process. We consider the necessity for write-down of receivable balances in conjunction with GAAP when evaluating our estimates of transaction price and estimated costs to complete our projects.

We bill our customers in conjunction with our contract terms. Our contracts have three main categories, (i) contracts that are billed based on a specific timeline, (ii) contracts that are billed upon the completion of certain phases of work, or

milestones, and (iii) contracts that are billed as services are provided. Some of our contracts are billed following the recognition of certain revenue. This creates an asset on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract assets.” Other contracts’ schedules allow us to bill customers prior to recognizing revenue. These contracts create a liability on our consolidated balance sheets captioned “contract liabilities.”

We segregate our business into two reportable segments: Transportation and Civil. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) uses these segments in order to operate the business. Our segments offer different specialty infrastructure services. Our CODM regularly reviews our operating and financial performance based on these segments. Each of our reportable segments is composed of similar business units that specialize in specialty infrastructure projects that are unique.

Our business is managed using revenue and gross profit primarily. Our CODM regularly uses this information to review operating results, plan future bids, allocate resources, target customers, and plan future growth and capital allocations. To determine reportable segment gross profit, certain allocations, including allocations of shared and indirect costs, such as facility costs, equipment costs, and indirect operating expenses, were made.

Our Civil segment is comprised of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Mole Constructors, Inc., Southland Contracting, Inc., Southland Holdings, LLC, Renda Pacific, LLC, Southland Renda JV, Southland RE Properties, Oscar Renda Contracting Canada, Southland Mole of Canada, Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, and Southland Astaldi joint venture. This segment focuses on projects throughout North America that include the design and construction of water pipeline, pump stations, lift stations, water and wastewater treatment plants, concrete and structural steel, outfall, and tunneling.

Our Transportation segment is comprised of American Bridge, Heritage Materials, LLC, and Johnson Bros. Corporation. This segment operates throughout North America and specializes in services that include the design and construction of bridges, roadways, marine, dredging, ship terminals, and piers, and specialty structures and facilities.

Total assets by segment are not presented as our CODM, as defined by ASC 280, does not review or allocate resources based on segment assets. We do not have material intersegment revenue or gross profit. Joint ventures are classified into the segment with which the projects align.

Segment Revenue

Revenue by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:  

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Total				% of Total				% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	55,849	32.2	%	$	90,708	29.0	%	$	219,490	30.8	%	$	229,264	27.2	%
Transportation		117,471	67.8	%		221,764	71.0	%		493,439	69.2	%		614,964	72.8	%
Total revenue	$	173,320	100.0	%	$	312,472	100.0	%	$	712,929	100.0	%	$	844,228	100.0	%

Segment Gross Profit (Loss)

Gross profit (loss) by segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, was as follows:

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Loss		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	(18,336)	(32.8)	%	$	12,465	13.7	%	$	8,694	4.0	%	$	27,137	11.8	%
Transportation		(32,769)	(27.9)	%		17,064	7.7	%		(79,400)	(16.1)	%		(12,459)	(2.0)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(51,105)	(29.5)	%	$	29,529	9.5	%	$	(70,706)	(9.9)	%	$	14,678	1.7	%

Revenue earned outside of the United States was 11% and 25% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Revenue earned outside of the United States was 20% and 23% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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Debt

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt

Debt

6. Debt

Long-term debt and credit facilities consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Secured notes	$	324,359	$	210,197
Mortgage notes		622		689
Revolving credit facility		—		90,000
Total debt		324,981		300,886
Unamortized deferred financing costs		(6,672)		(526)
Total debt, net		318,309		300,360
Less: Current portion		(43,072)		(48,454)
Total long-term debt	$	275,237		251,906

The weighted average interest rate on total debt outstanding as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was 9.22% and 6.12%, respectively.

Secured Notes

We enter into secured notes in order to finance growth within our business. In July 2023, we refinanced approximately $76.4 million of existing secured notes in exchange for a new equipment note in the amount of $113.5 million. The equipment note is secured by specific construction equipment assets and has a five-year fully amortizing term at a fixed rate of 7.25%. We incurred $0.3 million as deferred financing cost in connection with the refinancing. The deferred financing costs are included in long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, as part of the refinancing, we incurred a loss on extinguishment of debt of $0.6 million, which was included in other income, net on our consolidated statements of operations and $0.6 million as bank service charges in connection with the refinancing. As of September 30, 2024, we had outstanding secured notes expiring between December 2025 and March 2033. Interest rates on the secured notes range between 0.00% and 12.90%. The secured notes are collateralized by certain assets of Southland’s fleet of equipment.

On September 30, 2024, the Company entered into a term loan and security agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with Callodine Commercial Finance, LLC as administrative agent and lender. The Credit Agreement provides for a four-year secured $160.0 million term loan facility (the “Credit Facility”), consisting of a $140.0 million initial draw term loan (the “Term Loan”) and a $20.0 million committed delayed draw term loan (the “Delayed Draw”). The Delayed Draw is a committed facility in which the Company may request all or a portion of the Delayed Draw to be available to the Company. The Delayed Draw can be drawn no more than once per quarter in minimum increments of $2.5 million, and once drawn, any repaid amounts of the Delayed Draw cannot be re-borrowed. Any undrawn portion of the Delayed Draw commitment will terminate on September 30, 2027, the third anniversary of the closing date. The Credit Facility has a maturity date of September 30, 2028.

The Credit Facility replaced the revolving credit facility with Frost Bank that was originally entered into in July 2021 (as subsequently amended, the “Revolving Credit Facility”).  A portion of the proceeds from the Term Loan was used to pay in full all outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility, and the Revolving Credit Facility was terminated.

The Credit Agreement requires quarterly principal payments on the Term Loan, which will commence on December 31, 2024. The required principal amortization is as follows: (i) 5.0% in the first year (1.25% per quarter), (ii) 10.0% in the second year (2.50% per quarter), (iii) 15.0% in the third and fourth years (3.75% per quarter), and (iv) the remaining balance at maturity. The amortization for the Delayed Draw will also be paid quarterly and apply to each individual draw at the same prevailing quarterly rate that is in effect for the Term Loan and will commence with the first full quarter after the draw date of any Delayed Draw.

The interest on amounts drawn under the Credit Facility is payable monthly at a rate of 7.25% per annum plus the higher of (i) 90-day Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) with a credit adjustment spread of 0.15% or (ii) 3%. The undrawn portion of the Delayed Draw is subject to a 3.75% commitment fee, payable monthly.

Any principal prepayments in the first three years, other than mandatory prepayments pursuant to the Credit Agreement, will be subject to additional fees. In the first year, any prepayments will incur fees of 3% or the make-whole premium, whichever is higher. The make-whole premium is the interest and fees that would have been earned for the full year less interest and fees paid to date during the year. In the second and third years, any prepayments will incur fees of 2% and 1%, respectively. There are no fees for prepayments made in the fourth year.

The Credit Agreement contains customary restrictive covenants and events of default, including financial covenants based on the Company’s Liquidity, as defined in the Credit Agreement, and trailing twelve-month earnings before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (the “TTM EBITDA Covenants”). The TTM EBITDA Covenants will be tested and the Company must comply with the TTM EBITDA Covenants during any period where the Company’s Liquidity falls below $30.0 million until the Company’s Liquidity exceeds $30.0 million for a period of at least 30 days. The Credit Agreement requires the Company to maintain Liquidity of at least $20.0 million at all times. The Credit Agreement also stipulates that the outstanding principal cannot be greater than the specified advance rates against eligible collateral.

The obligations under the Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and its subsidiaries. The obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a first lien on all assets of the Company, subject to permitted liens and interests of other parties as described in the Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2024, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants under the Credit Agreement.

Mortgage Notes

We enter into mortgage notes in order to finance growth within our business. As of September 30, 2024, we had mortgage notes expiring between October 2024 and February 2029. Interest rates on the mortgage notes range between 3.84% and 5.99%. The mortgage notes are collateralized by certain real estate owned by Southland.

Revolving Credit Facility

In July 2021, we entered into a Revolving Credit Facility agreement with Frost Bank for $50.0 million. As of December 31, 2022, the Revolving Credit Facility agreement had been amended and increased to $100.0 million. In August 2023, the Revolving Credit Facility was extended through January 15, 2025. In July 2024, the Company made a $3.0 million payment on the Revolving Credit Facility, in connection with a real estate transaction (see Note 2).

On August 9, 2024, a principal payment of $2.5 million was made and the Revolving Credit Facility limit was reduced to $84.5 million. An additional payment of $10.0 million was made on September 15, 2024, which further reduced the Revolving Credit Facility limit to $74.5 million. Concurrently with the Company’s entry into the Credit Agreement, the Company terminated the Revolving Credit Facility. The Company used a portion of the Term Loan proceeds to pay in full all outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility.

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies.

Commitments and Contingencies

7. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

In the ordinary course of business, we and our affiliates are involved in various legal proceedings alleging, among other things, liability issues or breach of contract or tortious conduct in connection with the performance of services and/or materials provided, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty. We and our affiliates are also subject to government inquiries in the ordinary course of business seeking information concerning our compliance with government construction contracting requirements and various laws and regulations, the outcomes of which cannot be predicted with certainty.

Some of the matters in which we or our joint ventures and affiliates are involved may involve compensatory, punitive, or other claims or sanctions that, if granted, could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts that are not currently probable to be incurred or cannot currently be reasonably estimated. In addition, in some circumstances, our government contracts could be terminated, we could be suspended or incur other administrative penalties or sanctions, or payment of our costs could be disallowed. While any of our pending legal proceedings may be subject to early resolution as a result of our

ongoing efforts to resolve the proceeding, whether or when any legal proceeding will be resolved is neither predictable nor guaranteed.

Accordingly, it is possible that future developments in such proceedings and inquiries could require us to (i) adjust existing accruals, or (ii) record new accruals that we did not originally believe to be probable or that could not be reasonably estimated. Such changes could be material to our financial condition, results of operations, and/or cash flows in any particular reporting period. In addition to matters that are considered probable for which the loss can be reasonably estimated, disclosure is also provided when it is reasonably possible and estimable that a loss will be incurred, when it is reasonably possible that the amount of a loss will exceed the amount recorded, or a loss is probable but the loss cannot be estimated.

Liabilities relating to legal proceedings and government inquiries, to the extent that we have concluded such liabilities are probable and the amounts of such liabilities are reasonably estimable, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets. A certain number of the claims are insured but subject to varying deductibles, and a certain number of the claims are uninsured. The aggregate range of possible loss related to (i) matters considered reasonably possible, and (ii) reasonably possible amounts in excess of accrued losses recorded for probable loss contingencies was immaterial, as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. Our estimates of such matters could change in future periods.

CityLYNX Project

On November 28, 2016, the City of Charlotte (“City”) awarded Contract Number 2017000790 to Johnson Bros. Corporation, a Southland subsidiary (“JBC”) for the project known as CityLYNX Gold Line Phase 2 – Streetcar Project which extended the previously constructed 1.5-mile streetcar system by 2.5 miles to the east and west and included construction through numerous segments in the heart of downtown Charlotte, North Carolina, as well as the reconstruction of the Hawthorne Lane Bridge (the “Project”).  

During the course of the Project, JBC alleges numerous and continuous changes and interferences by the City and the City’s representatives which the City has refused to recognize as a contractual change.  

After multiple failed attempts at negotiated settlement, JBC timely filed its original complaint in the General Court of Justice, Superior Court Division in Mecklenburg County, State of North Carolina (the “Court”) on February 20, 2023. JBC filed its First Amended Complaint on April 12, 2023. In the First Amended Complaint, JBC asserted ten claims against the City, including claims for breach of contract, breach of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing, and subcontractor pass-through claims (the “Contract Claims”).

On June 1, 2023, the City filed its Motions to Dismiss, Answer to First Amended Verified Complaint and Counterclaim, seeking, in part, the dismissal of all of JBC’s claims (the “Motion to Dismiss”). The Court issued its Order and Opinion on the Motion to Dismiss on February 27, 2024. Among its rulings in the Order, the Court concluded that JBC’s Contract Claims were time-barred in part and dismissed those claims with prejudice “to the extent those claims [arose] from conduct occurring before 31 January 2021.”

JBC then filed Motions on April 17, 2024, seeking reconsideration of the Court’s partial dismissal of the Contract Claims with prejudice and, alternatively, leave to file a second amended complaint (the “Motion for Reconsideration”). After full briefing, the Court convened a hearing on the Motion for Reconsideration on May 30, 2024.  

On June 7, 2024, the Court granted JBC’s Motion for Reconsideration in part by amending its previous Order and converting the dismissal to a “without prejudice” dismissal and granting JBC’s motion to file its proposed Second Amended Complaint.  

On June 11, 2024, JBC filed its Second Amended Complaint which reiterates the Contract Claims resulting in damages “in an amount in excess of $115,000,000, plus pre-judgement and post-judgement interest.”

The parties continue to participate in mediation and continue to exchange information and engage in meetings as part of that process.

Surety Bonds

We, as a condition for entering into a substantial portion of our construction contracts, had outstanding surety bonds as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023. We have agreed to indemnify the surety if the surety experiences a loss on the bonds of any of our affiliates.

Self-Insurance

We are self-insured up to certain limits with respect to workers’ compensation, general liability and auto liability matters, and health insurance. We maintain accruals for self-insurance retentions based upon third-party data and claims history.

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Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

8. Income Taxes

Prior to the Merger in 2023, Southland LLC, and various domestic subsidiaries, elected to be taxed as an S-corporation, under the provisions of Subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code. As such, their respective earnings were not subject to entity level income tax, but instead, the owners were liable for federal income taxes on their respective shares of the applicable income. American Bridge and Oscar Renda, two domestic subsidiaries of Southland LLC, had historically been taxed as separate C-corporation and their income subject to entity-level tax.

Following the closing of the Merger on February 14, 2023, Southland LLC, along with various domestic subsidiaries, elected to voluntarily revoke their S-corporation status effective January 1, 2023. As a result, Southland LLC, and their domestic subsidiaries, elected to file a consolidated corporate income tax return for the 2023 calendar year.

Effective January 1, 2024, Southland LLC and subsidiary filing group elected to join the Southland Holdings, Inc. and Subsidiaries filing group to have all domestic corporate entities included within one consolidated federal income tax return for the 2024 calendar year.

The federal statutory tax rate is 21%. Southland’s effective tax rate was 22.8% and 53.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2024 were due to state income taxes, the reversal of a previously recorded uncertain tax position liability, the recording of a valuation allowances against certain subsidiaries’ separate company deferred tax assets, federal tax credits, valuation allowances recorded against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets, and income earned in a foreign jurisdiction with a zero tax rate; however, that foreign income is included within U.S taxable income through Section 951A Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”). The effective tax rate was 24.2% and 50.2% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The primary differences between the statutory rate and the effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 were due to state income taxes, the reversal of a previously recorded uncertain tax position liability, the recording of a valuation allowance against certain subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets, the recording of a valuation allowance against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets, and a lower effective rate on overall foreign earnings.

The change in filing structure as a result of the Merger required recording deferred tax assets and liabilities related to entities previously not subject to income tax with $5.1 million being recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As the Merger did not require acquisition accounting under U.S. GAAP, the recording of these deferred tax assets and liabilities was recorded to current operations in accordance with the requirements under ASC 740. Additionally, $1.1 million was recorded to income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 due to the change in the state effective tax rate applied to both American Bridge and Oscar Renda deferred tax assets and liabilities.  

As a result of the U.S. consolidated filing structure, Southland LLC in 2023, and subsequent U.S. consolidated filing structure under Southland, Inc. in 2024, the Company is in a net deferred tax asset position for both federal and state income tax due to net operating losses recorded in the nine month period ended September 30, 2024. The Company is forecasting that the net deferred tax assets, including net operating losses, are more-likely-than-not to be fully utilized. Therefore, a valuation allowance is not deemed necessary as of September 30, 2024 with the exception of certain subsidiaries’ deferred tax assets. A valuation allowance of $0.9 million was recorded in the three months ended June 30, 2024 against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets as they are determined to not be more-likely-than-not to be utilized. An increase in valuation allowance of $1.2 million was recorded in the three months ended September 30, 2024 against certain subsidiaries’ net deferred tax assets to offset the additional tax benefit recorded for the additional financial loss incurred during the quarter.

As a result of additional financial losses incurred within the Canadian operations at certain subsidiaries, the Company has recorded a valuation allowance against the net deferred tax assets as they are determined to not be more-likely-than-not to be utilized. During the three months ended, September 30, 2024, a valuation allowance in the amount of $2.6 million was recorded.

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Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

9. Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations

Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (“RUPO”) consists of two components: (1) unearned revenue and (2) contracts that are awarded but not started. Unearned revenue includes the revenue we expect to record in the future on in-progress contracts, including 100% of our consolidated joint venture contracts and our proportionate share of unconsolidated joint venture contracts. Contracts that are awarded, but not yet started, are included in RUPO once a contract has been fully executed and/or we have received a formal “Notice to Proceed” from the project owner.

Although RUPO reflects business that we consider to be firm, deferrals, cancellations and/or scope adjustments may occur. RUPO is adjusted to reflect any known project cancellations, revisions to project scope and cost, foreign currency exchange fluctuations and project deferrals, as appropriate.

Fixed price contracts, particularly with federal, state and local government customers, are expected to continue to represent a majority of our total RUPO.

As of September 30, 2024, Southland had $2.7 billion of RUPO. The Company expects to recognize approximately 39% of its RUPO as revenue during the next twelve months, and the balance thereafter.

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

10. Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Contract assets as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, consisted of the following:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Costs in excess of billings	$	425,318	$	525,588
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		30,858		28,614
Contract assets	$	456,176	$	554,202

Costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts were as follows as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	7,637,653	$	7,293,246
Estimated earnings		339,649		456,852
Costs incurred and estimated earnings		7,977,302		7,750,098
Less: billings to date		(7,795,489)		(7,417,861)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		30,858		28,614
Net contract position	$	212,671	$	360,851

Our net contract position is included on the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the following captions:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	456,176	$	554,202
Contract liabilities		(243,505)		(193,351)
Net contract position	$	212,671	$	360,851

As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we had recorded $253.0 million and $306.4 million, respectively, related to claims. The classification of these amounts are represented on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, as follows:

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	154,692	$	208,203
Investments		98,274		98,209
Claims asset total	$	252,966	$	306,412

On January 1, 2024, we had contract liabilities of $193.4 million, of which $9.4 million and $132.6 million were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.

On January 1, 2023, we had contract liabilities of $131.6 million, of which $18.9 million and $118.2 million were recognized as revenue during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.

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Noncontrolling Interests Holders

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Noncontrolling Interests Holders

Noncontrolling Interests Holders

11. Noncontrolling Interests Holders

Southland has several controlling interests including both joint ventures and partnerships. We have controlling interests and allocate earnings and losses in those entities to the noncontrolling interest holders based on our ownership percentages.

We owned an 84.7% interest in Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc. (“Oscar Renda”), as of September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023.

We owned a 65.0% interest in the Southland Technicore Mole joint venture and a 70.0% interest in the Southland Astaldi joint venture as of September 30, 2024, and September 30, 2023.

American Bridge entered into a joint venture with Commodore Maintenance Corporation, forming American Bridge/Commodore Joint Venture. According to the joint venture agreement, each of the parties is paid in accordance with its respective work performed and has no responsibility for losses incurred by the other party in performance of its work. At September 30, 2024, American Bridge was responsible for approximately 83% of the total contracted work.

We consolidated each of Oscar Renda Contracting, Inc., Southland Technicore Mole joint venture, Southland Astaldi joint venture, and American Bridge/Commodore Joint Venture as a result of our control over the joint venture operations. We have fully consolidated revenue, cost of construction, and other costs on our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and balances on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Related Party Transactions

Related Party Transactions

12. Related Party Transactions

Southland occasionally enters into subcontracts with a subcontractor in which certain employees hold a minority ownership. Cost of construction related to this subcontractor was $0.3 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively and $1.8 million and $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Accounts payable balance due to this subcontractor was $0.9 million and $0.4 million as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The terms on which Southland enters into agreements with this related party are substantially the same as terms the Company would enter into with a similar, unrelated party.

In the second quarter of 2024 the Company exchanged $13.1 million of amounts due to certain Southland Members for $13.1 million in promissory notes with a three-year term bearing an interest rate of 7.0%. These promissory notes pay interest monthly and are included in long-term debt. These amounts are related to balances due to the Chief Executive Officer Frank Renda and Co-Chief Operating Officers Tim Winn and Rudy Renda prior to the Merger.

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Share Based Compensation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share Based Compensation

Share Based Compensation

13. Share Based Compensation

On May 24, 2022, the Board of Directors of Legato Merger Corp. II, a Delaware corporation, adopted the Southland Holdings, Inc. 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“2022 Plan”). On June 25, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a new compensation structure for the Company’s Named Executive Officers. Details of this new compensation structure were filed on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission on July 1, 2024. A total of 2,220,392 shares of our common stock were reserved for issuance under the 2022 Plan of which 1,024,999 remained available as of September 30, 2024.

Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”): RSUs are issued for compensatory purposes. RSU stock compensation cost is measured at our common stock’s fair value based on the market price at the date of grant. We recognize stock compensation cost only for RSUs that we estimate will ultimately vest. We estimate the number of shares that will ultimately vest at each grant date based on our historical experience and adjust stock compensation cost based on changes in those estimates over time.

A summary of the changes in our RSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

		September 30, 2024
	RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per RSU
Outstanding, beginning balance		173,333	$	8.94
Granted		681,310		4.83
Vested		(133,704)		9.35
Canceled		(41,568)		8.32
Outstanding, ending balance		679,371	$	5.31

Compensation cost related to RSUs was $0.4 million and $1.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations.

Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”): PSUs provide for the issuance of shares upon vesting, which occurs following the end of the performance period based on achievement of certain metrics as established by the Board of Directors. The Company recognizes expense for PSUs based on the forecasted achievement of Company performance metrics, multiplied by the fair value of the total number of shares of common stock that the Company anticipates will be issued based on such achievement.

A summary of the changes in our PSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

		September 30, 2024
	PSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per PSU
Outstanding, beginning balance		—	$	—
Granted		304,880		4.58
Outstanding, ending balance		304,880	$	4.58

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, there was no compensation cost related to PSUs.

As of September 30, 2024, there was $3.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost which will be recognized over a remaining weighted-average period of 2.0 years.

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Income (Loss) per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income (Loss) per Share

Income (Loss) per Share

14. Income (Loss) per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	(58,129)	$	4,791	$	(102,959)	$	(11,376)
Less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(3,402)		991		(1,749)		2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		(54,727)		3,800		(101,210)		(13,690)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic		48,105,512		47,856,114		48,020,822		46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units		-		15,928		-		-
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted		48,105,512		47,872,042		48,020,822		46,771,938
Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)	$	(0.29)
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)	$	(0.29)

As the average market price of common stock for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 did not exceed the exercise price of the Warrants, the potential dilution from the Warrants converting into 14,385,500 shares of common stock for both periods have been excluded from the number of shares used in calculating diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, the potential dilution from unvested RSUs converting into 599,547 shares and 398,998 shares of common stock, respectively, has been excluded from the number of shares used in calculating diluted net loss per share as their inclusion would have been antidilutive.

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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net Income (Loss)	$ (54,727)	$ 3,800	$ (101,210)	$ (13,690)

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Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

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Basis of Presentation (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Basis of Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

Consolidated U.S. GAAP Presentation

These interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) contains guidance that form GAAP. New guidance is released via Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”).

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by us pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been condensed or omitted in accordance with such rules and regulations. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary for a fair

presentation of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report which was filed on Form 10-K on March 4, 2024.

The accompanying consolidated balance sheet and related disclosures as of December 31, 2023, have been derived from the Form 10-K filed on March 4, 2024. The Company’s financial condition as of September 30, 2024, and operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the financial conditions and results of operations that may be expected for any future interim period or for the year ending December 31, 2024.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Southland Holdings, Inc., and our majority-owned and controlled subsidiaries and affiliates. All significant intercompany transactions are eliminated within the consolidations process. Investments in non-construction related partnerships and less-than-majority owned subsidiaries that we do not control, but where we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method. Certain construction related joint ventures and partnerships that we do not control, nor do we have significant influence, are accounted for under the equity method for the balance sheet and the proportionate consolidation method for the statement of operations.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Management periodically evaluates estimates used in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements for continued reasonableness. It is reasonably possible that changes may occur in the near term that would affect our estimates with respect to revenue recognition, the allowance for credit losses, recoverability of unapproved contract modifications, deferred tax assets, and other accounts for which estimates are required.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid instruments purchased with a maturity of three months or less as cash equivalents. We maintain our cash in accounts at certain financial institutions. The majority of our balances exceed federally insured limits.

We have not experienced any losses in these accounts, and we do not believe they are exposed to any significant credit risk.

Restricted cash and cash equivalents consist of amounts held in accounts in our name at certain financial institutions. These accounts are subject to certain control provisions in favor of various surety and insurance companies for purposes of compliance and security perfections.

(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	49,176	$	57,915
Restricted cash at beginning of period		14,644		14,076
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	63,820	$	71,991
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,378	$	49,176
Restricted cash at end of period		15,370		14,644
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	106,748	$	63,820

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles

Goodwill and Indefinite-Lived Intangibles

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles are tested for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that goodwill or indefinite-lived intangibles may be impaired. We evaluate goodwill at the reporting unit level (operating segment or one level below an operating segment). We identify our reporting unit and determine the carrying value of the reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles, to the reporting unit. Our reporting units are based on our organizational and reporting structure. We currently identify three reporting units. We begin with a qualitative assessment using inputs based on our business, our industry, and overall

macroeconomic factors. If our qualitative assessment deems that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount, we then complete a quantitative assessment to determine the fair value of the reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, based on the results of our qualitative assessments which determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units exceeded the carrying amounts and that the fair value of the indefinite-lived intangible assets exceeded the carrying amounts, we did not complete quantitative assessments, and we did not record any impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets.

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets

We review long-lived assets, including finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization, for impairment upon the occurrence of events or changes in circumstances that would indicate that the carrying value of the asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets to the future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If such assets are not considered to be fully recoverable, any impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets exceeds its respective fair value. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less costs to sell.  During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, we did not identify any triggering events that would require a quantitative assessment.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts Receivable, Net

We provide an allowance for credit losses, which is based upon a review of outstanding receivables, historical collection information, existing economic conditions, and future expectations. Normal contracts receivables are typically due 30 days after the issuance of the invoice. Retainages are due 30 days after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. Warranty retainage receivables, where applicable, are typically due two years after completion of the project and acceptance by the contract owner. Receivables past due more than 120 days are considered delinquent. Delinquent receivables are written off based on individual credit evaluations and specific circumstances of the customer.

As of September 30, 2024, and December 31, 2023, we had an allowance for credit losses of $1.6 million and $1.3 million, respectively.

Real Estate Transaction

Real Estate Transaction

In July 2024, the Company closed a real estate purchase agreement to sell and leaseback three properties for $42.5 million. The transaction was accounted for as a failed sale-leaseback based on GAAP. As a result, the assets remain on the consolidated balance sheets at their historical net book values. A financing obligation liability was recognized in the amount of $42.5 million. The Company will not recognize rent expenses related to the leased assets. Instead, monthly rent payments under the lease agreement will be recorded as interest expense and a reduction of the outstanding liability.

As of September 30, 2024, relating to the transaction noted above, the current outstanding liability is included in accrued liabilities and the long-term outstanding liability presented as financing obligations, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements and Recent SEC rules

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-05, “Business Combinations-Joint Venture Formations (Subtopic 805-60): Recognition and Initial Measurement” (“ASU 2023-05”), which requires that a joint venture apply a new basis of accounting upon formation. As a result, a newly formed joint venture, upon formation, would initially measure its assets and liabilities at fair value. ASU 2023-05 is effective prospectively for all joint venture formations with a formation date on or after January 1, 2025. We plan to adopt ASU 2023-05 in the first quarter of 2025, but do not expect the adoption to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06 “Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative,” which amends GAAP to include 14 disclosure requirements that are currently required

under SEC Regulation S-X or Regulation S-K. Each amendment will be effective on the date on which the SEC removes the related disclosure requirement from SEC Regulation S-X or Registration S-K. The Company has evaluated the new standard and determined that it will have no material impact on its consolidated financial statements or disclosures since the Company is already subject to the relevant SEC disclosure requirements.

In November 2023, FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures" ("ASU 2023-07"), which requires expanded disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items on an annual and interim basis. ASU 2023-07 will be applied retrospectively and is first effective for our annual reporting for 2024 and for quarterly reporting beginning in 2025. This ASU affects financial statement disclosures only, and its adoption will not affect our condensed consolidated financial statements.

On December 14, 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,” which established new income tax disclosure requirements. Public business entities must apply the guidance to annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. We have not elected to early adopt this standard. We are currently evaluating the impact ASU 2023-09 will have on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Recent SEC Rules

In March 2024, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors. Unless legal challenges to the rule prevail, this rule will require registrants to disclose certain climate-related information in registration statements and annual reports, and the revisions to Regulation S-X would apply to our financial statements beginning with our fiscal year ending December 31, 2025. We are currently assessing the effect of these new rules on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Significant Accounting Policies

Significant Accounting Policies

The significant accounting policies followed by the Company are set forth in Note 2 to the 10-K filed on March 4, 2024, and contained elsewhere herein, other than the policy for warrants, which is included below. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, there were no significant changes in our use of estimates or significant accounting policies.

Warrants

Warrants

The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the instruments’ specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity” (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the instruments are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the instruments meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the instruments are indexed to the Company’s own common shares and whether the instrument holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, was conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the instruments are outstanding. The Company has concluded that the public warrants and private warrants issued pursuant to the warrant agreement qualify for equity accounting treatment. 

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Basis of Presentation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Basis of Presentation

Schedule of cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash

(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$	49,176	$	57,915
Restricted cash at beginning of period		14,644		14,076
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	63,820	$	71,991
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	91,378	$	49,176
Restricted cash at end of period		15,370		14,644
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	106,748	$	63,820

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Fair Value of Measurements (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Fair Value Investments

Schedule of Fair value, assets measured on recurring basis

	As of
	September 30, 2024
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,095		—		—		3,095
Total noncurrent		3,095		—		—		3,095
Overall Total	$	3,095	$	—	$	—	$	3,095

	As of
	December 31, 2023
(Amounts in thousands)	Fair Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Marketable Securities
Common stocks	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total		—		—		—		—
Investments Noncurrent
Private equity		3,235		—		—		3,235
Total noncurrent		3,235		—		—		3,235
Overall Total	$	3,235	$	—	$	—	$	3,235

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Revenue (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Revenue

Schedule of revenue by segment

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Total				% of Total				% of Total				% of Total
Segment	Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue		Revenue
Civil	$	55,849	32.2	%	$	90,708	29.0	%	$	219,490	30.8	%	$	229,264	27.2	%
Transportation		117,471	67.8	%		221,764	71.0	%		493,439	69.2	%		614,964	72.8	%
Total revenue	$	173,320	100.0	%	$	312,472	100.0	%	$	712,929	100.0	%	$	844,228	100.0	%

Schedule of gross profit (loss) by segment

	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023				September 30, 2024				September 30, 2023
			% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment				% of Segment
Segment	Gross Loss		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue		Gross Profit		Revenue
Civil	$	(18,336)	(32.8)	%	$	12,465	13.7	%	$	8,694	4.0	%	$	27,137	11.8	%
Transportation		(32,769)	(27.9)	%		17,064	7.7	%		(79,400)	(16.1)	%		(12,459)	(2.0)	%
Gross profit (loss)	$	(51,105)	(29.5)	%	$	29,529	9.5	%	$	(70,706)	(9.9)	%	$	14,678	1.7	%

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Debt (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Debt

Schedule of long term debt

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Secured notes	$	324,359	$	210,197
Mortgage notes		622		689
Revolving credit facility		—		90,000
Total debt		324,981		300,886
Unamortized deferred financing costs		(6,672)		(526)
Total debt, net		318,309		300,360
Less: Current portion		(43,072)		(48,454)
Total long-term debt	$	275,237		251,906

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts

Schedule of contract assets

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Costs in excess of billings	$	425,318	$	525,588
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		30,858		28,614
Contract assets	$	456,176	$	554,202

Schedule of costs and estimated earnings on uncompleted contracts

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$	7,637,653	$	7,293,246
Estimated earnings		339,649		456,852
Costs incurred and estimated earnings		7,977,302		7,750,098
Less: billings to date		(7,795,489)		(7,417,861)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net		30,858		28,614
Net contract position	$	212,671	$	360,851

Schedule of net contract position

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	456,176	$	554,202
Contract liabilities		(243,505)		(193,351)
Net contract position	$	212,671	$	360,851

Schedule of condensed consolidated balance sheets

	As of
(Amounts in thousands)	September 30, 2024		December 31, 2023
Contract assets	$	154,692	$	208,203
Investments		98,274		98,209
Claims asset total	$	252,966	$	306,412

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Share Based Compensation (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Share Based Compensation

Schedule of changes in RSUs during the year:

A summary of the changes in our RSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

		September 30, 2024
	RSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per RSU
Outstanding, beginning balance		173,333	$	8.94
Granted		681,310		4.83
Vested		(133,704)		9.35
Canceled		(41,568)		8.32
Outstanding, ending balance		679,371	$	5.31

Schedule of changes in PSU's during the year

A summary of the changes in our PSUs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows:

		September 30, 2024
	PSUs		Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per PSU
Outstanding, beginning balance		—	$	—
Granted		304,880		4.58
Outstanding, ending balance		304,880	$	4.58

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Income (Loss) per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2024

Income (Loss) per Share

Schedule of income (loss) per share basic and diluted

Basic and diluted net loss per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands, except shares and per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023		September 30, 2024		September 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	(58,129)	$	4,791	$	(102,959)	$	(11,376)
Less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		(3,402)		991		(1,749)		2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted		(54,727)		3,800		(101,210)		(13,690)
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding — basic		48,105,512		47,856,114		48,020,822		46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units		-		15,928		-		-
Weighted average common shares outstanding — diluted		48,105,512		47,872,042		48,020,822		46,771,938
Net income (loss) per share — basic	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)	$	(0.29)
Net income (loss) per share — diluted	$	(1.14)	$	0.08	$	(2.11)	$	(0.29)

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Description of Business - Narrative (Details)	Sep. 30, 2024 subsidiary
Description of Business
Number of subsidiaries	6

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Basis of Presentation - Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2023
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	$ 49,176		$ 57,915
Restricted cash at beginning of period	14,644		14,076
Beginning of period	63,820	$ 46,752	71,991
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	91,378	49,176
Restricted cash at end of period	15,370	14,644
End of period	$ 106,748	$ 63,820	$ 46,752

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Basis of Presentation - Narrative (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2024 USD ($) property	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) item	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Basis of Presentation
Number of reporting units | item		3
Allowance for credit losses		$ 1,600	$ 1,300
Number of properties sold | property	3
Proceeds from financing obligations	$ 42,500	42,500
Financing obligation, non-current	$ 42,500	$ 41,464

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Recapitalization (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions				9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Apr. 27, 2023	Feb. 14, 2023	Feb. 13, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Shares issued to former members		33,793,111
Net proceeds received		$ 17.1
Dividend payable to members			$ 50.0
Transaction costs				$ 9.9	$ 9.9
Common Stock, shares outstanding		44,407,831		48,105,512	47,891,984
Warrants outstanding		14,385,500
Exercise price (in dollars per share)		$ 11.50
Shares for attaining certain performance targets					10,344,828	10,344,828
Stock issued during the period (in shares)	3,448,283
Issuance of post-merger earnout shares (in shares)				0
Promissory note
Note expiration term			4 years
Interest rate (as a percent)			7.00%

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Fair Value Measurements (Details) - Recurring - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Measurements
Investments Noncurrent	$ 3,095	$ 3,235
Overall Total	3,095	3,235
Private equity
Fair Value Measurements
Investments Noncurrent	3,095	3,235
Level 3
Fair Value Measurements
Investments Noncurrent	3,095	3,235
Overall Total	3,095	3,235
Level 3 | Private equity
Fair Value Measurements
Investments Noncurrent	$ 3,095	$ 3,235

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Revenue - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) segment	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue
Accrued loss provisions	$ 20.2		$ 20.2		$ 17.3
Unapproved contract modifications	$ 172.7		$ 172.7		$ 139.6
Number of reportable segments | segment			2
Percentage of revenue earned outside of the US	11.00%	25.00%	20.00%	23.00%

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Revenue - Segment Revenue (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Revenue
Revenue	$ 173,320	$ 312,472	$ 712,929	$ 844,228
% of Total Revenue	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%	100.00%
Gross Profit	$ (51,105)	$ 29,529	$ (70,706)	$ 14,678
% of Segment Revenue	(29.50%)	9.50%	(9.90%)	1.70%
Civil
Revenue
Revenue	$ 55,849	$ 90,708	$ 219,490	$ 229,264
% of Total Revenue	32.20%	29.00%	30.80%	27.20%
Gross Profit	$ (18,336)	$ 12,465	$ 8,694	$ 27,137
% of Segment Revenue	(32.80%)	13.70%	4.00%	11.80%
Transportation
Revenue
Revenue	$ 117,471	$ 221,764	$ 493,439	$ 614,964
% of Total Revenue	67.80%	71.00%	69.20%	72.80%
Gross Profit	$ (32,769)	$ 17,064	$ (79,400)	$ (12,459)
% of Segment Revenue	(27.90%)	7.70%	(16.10%)	(2.00%)

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Debt - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Debt
Total debt	$ 324,981	$ 300,886
Unamortized deferred financing costs	(6,672)	(526)
Total debt, net	318,309	300,360
Less: Current portion	(43,072)	(48,454)
Total long-term debt	275,237	251,906
Secured notes
Debt
Total debt	324,359	210,197
Mortgage notes
Debt
Total debt	$ 622	689
Revolving credit facility
Debt
Total debt		$ 90,000

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Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands			1 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 15, 2024	Aug. 09, 2024	Jul. 31, 2024	Jul. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Jul. 31, 2021
Debt
Long-Term Debt, Weighted Average Interest Rate, at Point in Time					9.22%		6.12%
Payments on revolving credit facility					$ 95,000	$ 8,000
Loss on extinguishment of debt					(246)
Total debt					324,981		$ 300,886
Secured notes
Debt
Debt instrument face amount				$ 113,500
Loss on extinguishment of debt				$ 600
Interest rate (as a percent)				7.25%
Amount of debt refinanced				$ 76,400
Total debt					$ 324,359		210,197
Amortizing term				5 years
Deferred financing cost				$ 300
Bank service charges				$ 600
Secured notes | Minimum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)					0.00%
Secured notes | Maximum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)					12.90%
Mortgage notes
Debt
Total debt					$ 622		689
Mortgage notes | Minimum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)					3.84%
Mortgage notes | Maximum
Debt
Interest rate (as a percent)					5.99%
Revolving credit facility
Debt
Maximum available under facility	$ 74,500	$ 84,500						$ 100,000	$ 50,000
Principal reduction payment	$ 10,000
Payments on revolving credit facility		$ 2,500
Total debt							$ 90,000
Revolving credit facility | Reksuh Acquisition, LLC
Debt
Payments on revolving credit facility			$ 3,000

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Debt - Credit agreement (Details) $ in Millions	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Credit Agreement
Long-Term Debt
Term of debt	4 years
Face amount	$ 160.0
Principal amortization in first year (as a percent)	5.00%
Principal amortization per quarter in first year (as a percent)	1.25%
Principal amortization in second year (as a percent)	10.00%
Principal amortization per quarter in second year (as a percent)	2.50%
Principal amortization in third and fourth year (as a percent)	15.00%
Principal amortization per quarter in third and fourth year (as a percent)	3.75%
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.25%
Debt Instrument, Variable Interest Rate, Type [Extensible Enumeration]	us-gaap:SecuredOvernightFinancingRateSofrMember
Commitment fee percentage	3.75%
Prepayment term subject to additional fees	3 years
Percentage of prepayment fee in year one	3.00%
Percentage of prepayment fee in year two	2.00%
Percentage of prepayment fee in year three	1.00%
Fees for prepayments in fourth year	$ 0.0
Threshold liquidity for EBITDA covenant compliance	$ 30.0
Threshold liquidity for EBITDA covenant compliance, period	30 days
Minimum liquidity	$ 20.0
Term Loan
Long-Term Debt
Face amount	140.0
Delayed Draw Term Loan
Long-Term Debt
Face amount	20.0
Minimum drawdown of loan per quarter	$ 2.5
Minimum | Credit Agreement
Long-Term Debt
Basis spread (as a percent)	0.15%
Maximum | Credit Agreement
Long-Term Debt
Basis spread (as a percent)	3.00%

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details)	Apr. 12, 2023 item	Nov. 28, 2016 mi	Jun. 11, 2024 USD ($)
City LYNX Gold Line Phase 2 Streetcar
Commitments and Contingencies
Original length of streetcar system constructed		1.5
Increase in length of streetcar system, previously constructed		2.5
City of Charlotte | Pending Litigation
Commitments and Contingencies
Number of claims | item	10
City of Charlotte | Pending Litigation | Minimum
Commitments and Contingencies
Damages sought | $			$ 115,000,000

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Income Taxes - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($) subsidiary	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Income Taxes
Number of subsidiaries historically taxed as C-corporation | subsidiary			2
Federal statutory tax rate			21.00%
Effective tax rate	22.80%	53.60%	24.20%	50.20%
Change in deferred tax assets and liabilities due to merger				$ 5.1
Increase in income tax expense on change in the state effective tax rate				$ 1.1
Increase in valuation allowance	$ 1.2
Valuation allowance	$ 2.6		$ 2.6		$ 0.9

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Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations (Details) $ in Billions	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 USD ($)
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Percentage of consolidated joint venture contracts	100.00%
Remaining unsatisfied performance obligations	$ 2.7
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-10-01
Remaining Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Percentage of revenue expects to recognize	39.00%
Expected timing of satisfaction	12 months

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Contract assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Costs in excess of billings	$ 425,318	$ 525,588
Costs to fulfill contracts, net	30,858	28,614
Contract assets	$ 456,176	$ 554,202

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Costs and estimated earnings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Costs incurred on uncompleted contracts	$ 7,637,653	$ 7,293,246
Estimated earnings	339,649	456,852
Costs incurred and estimated earnings	7,977,302	7,750,098
Less: billings to date	(7,795,489)	(7,417,861)
Costs to fulfill contracts, net	30,858	28,614
Net contract position	$ 212,671	$ 360,851

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Net contract position (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Jan. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Contract assets	$ 456,176		$ 554,202
Contract liabilities	(243,505)	$ (193,400)	(193,351)	$ (131,600)
Net contract position	$ 212,671		$ 360,851

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Consolidated balance sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Contract assets	$ 154,692	$ 208,203
Investments	98,274	98,209
Claims asset total	$ 252,966	$ 306,412

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Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jan. 01, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Jan. 01, 2023
Cost and Estimated Earnings on Uncompleted Contracts
Claims	$ 253,000		$ 253,000			$ 306,400
Contract liabilities value	243,505		243,505		$ 193,400	$ 193,351	$ 131,600
Contract revenue recognized	$ 9,400	$ 18,900	$ 132,600	$ 118,200

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Noncontrolling Interests Holders - Narrative (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Oscar Renda
Noncontrolling Interests Holders
Noncontrolling Interests	84.70%	84.70%
Southland Technicore Mole
Noncontrolling Interests Holders
Noncontrolling Interests	65.00%	65.00%
Southland Astaldi
Noncontrolling Interests Holders
Noncontrolling Interests	70.00%	70.00%
American Bridge
Noncontrolling Interests Holders
Total contracted work responsible for	83.00%

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands		3 Months Ended			9 Months Ended
	Feb. 13, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023
Related Party Transactions
Accounts payable		$ 164,897			$ 164,897		$ 162,464
Promissory note
Related Party Transactions
Note expiration term	4 years
Interest rate (as a percent)	7.00%
Related Party
Related Party Transactions
Cost of construction, related parties		300		$ 400	1,800	$ 1,700
Accounts payable		$ 900			$ 900		$ 400
Former Members Of Southland
Related Party Transactions
Related party payables exchanged			$ 13,100
Former Members Of Southland | Promissory note
Related Party Transactions
Debt instrument face amount			$ 13,100
Note expiration term			3 years
Interest rate (as a percent)			7.00%

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Share Based Compensation - RSU and PSU (Details) shares in Thousands	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024 $ / shares shares
RSU
RSU's and PSU's
Outstanding, beginning balance | shares	173,333
Granted | shares	681,310
Vested | shares	(133,704)
Canceled | shares	(41,568)
Outstanding, ending balance | shares	679,371
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per RSU and PSU
Outstanding, beginning balance | $ / shares	$ 8.94
Granted | $ / shares	4.83
Vested | $ / shares	9.35
Canceled | $ / shares	8.32
Outstanding, ending balance | $ / shares	$ 5.31
PSU
RSU's and PSU's
Granted | shares	304,880
Outstanding, ending balance | shares	304,880
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value per RSU and PSU
Granted | $ / shares	$ 4.58
Outstanding, ending balance | $ / shares	$ 4.58

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Share Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	May 24, 2022
Share Based Compensation
Unrecognized compensation cost	$ 3.9		$ 3.9
Weighted average remaining period of recognition			2 years
RSU | Selling, general and administrative expense
Share Based Compensation
Compensation cost	$ 0.4		$ 1.7
RSU | Equity Incentive Plan 2022
Share Based Compensation
Shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)					2,220,392
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)	1,024,999		1,024,999
PSU
Share Based Compensation
Compensation cost	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0	$ 0.0

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Income (Loss) per Share - Basic and diluted net loss per share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	3 Months Ended						9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023	Jun. 30, 2023	Mar. 31, 2023	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2023
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$ (58,129)	$ (45,355)	$ 525	$ 4,791	$ (11,901)	$ (4,266)	$ (102,959)	$ (11,376)
Less net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(3,402)			991			(1,749)	2,314
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, basic	(54,727)			3,800			(101,210)	(13,690)
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders, diluted	$ (54,727)			$ 3,800			$ (101,210)	$ (13,690)
Weighted Average Number of Shares Outstanding, Diluted [Abstract]
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic (in shares)	48,105,512			47,856,114			48,020,822	46,771,938
Add: Dilutive effect of restricted stock units				15,928
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted (in shares)	48,105,512			47,872,042			48,020,822	46,771,938
Net loss per share - basic (in dollars per shares)	$ (1.14)			$ 0.08			$ (2.11)	$ (0.29)
Net loss per share - diluted (in dollars per shares)	$ (1.14)			$ 0.08			$ (2.11)	$ (0.29)

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Income (Loss) per Share - Computation of diluted net loss per antidilutive (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2024	Sep. 30, 2024
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	14,385,500	14,385,500
RSU
Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share (in shares)	599,547	398,998