S-1/A 1 d197780ds1a.htm S-1/A S-1/A
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 4, 2022

Registration No. 333-261681

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Amendment No. 2

to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

TPG Partners, LLC

to be converted as described herein to a corporation named

TPG Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   6282   87-2063362
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  (Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

 

 

301 Commerce Street, Suite 3300

Fort Worth, TX 76102

Telephone: (817) 871-4000

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

 

 

Bradford Berenson, Esq.

TPG Inc.

General Counsel

345 California Street, Suite 3300

San Francisco, CA 94104

Telephone: (415) 743-1500

(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Michael B. Hickey, Esq.

Harvey M. Eisenberg, Esq.
Alexander D. Lynch, Esq.
Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP
767 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10153
(212) 310-8000 (Phone)
(212) 310-8007 (Fax)

 

Michael Kaplan, Esq.

Derek Dostal, Esq.

Darren Schweiger, Esq.

Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP

450 Lexington Avenue

New York, NY 10017

(212) 450-4000 (Phone)

(212) 701-5800 (Fax)

 

Thomas Holden, Esq.

Thomas J. Fraser, Esq.

Ropes & Gray LLP

Three Embarcadero Center

San Francisco, CA 94111

(415) 315-6300 (Phone)

(415) 315-6350 (Fax)

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer  
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
     Emerging growth company  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of
Securities to be Registered
  Amount to be
Registered(1)(2)
  Proposed Maximum
Offering Price Per
Share
  Proposed Maximum
Aggregate Offering
Price(1)(2)
  Amount of
Registration Fee(3)

Class A common stock, $0.001 par value per share

  37,290,000   $31.00   $1,155,990,000   $107,160.27

 

 

(1)

Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(a) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(2)

Includes shares of Class A common stock that may be issuable upon exercise of an option to purchase additional shares granted to the underwriters.

(3)

Of this amount, $9,270.00 was previously paid.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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EXPLANATORY NOTE

TPG Partners, LLC, the registrant whose name appears on the cover of this registration statement, is a Delaware limited liability company. Prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, TPG Partners, LLC will convert into a Delaware corporation pursuant to a statutory conversion and change its name to TPG Inc. as described in the section captioned “Organizational Structure” of the accompanying prospectus. In the accompanying prospectus, we refer to our conversion to a corporation as the “Corporate Conversion.” As a result of the Corporate Conversion, the member of TPG Partners, LLC will become a holder of shares of common stock of TPG Inc. Except as disclosed in the prospectus, the historical consolidated financial statements and other financial information included in this registration statement are those of TPG Group Holdings (as defined herein), and do not give effect to the Corporate Conversion. Shares of the Class A common stock of TPG Inc. are being offered by the prospectus included in this registration statement.

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the selling stockholder may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion, Dated January 4, 2022

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

 

 

LOGO

33,900,000 Shares

Class A Common Stock

 

 

This is an initial public offering of Class A common stock by TPG Inc. (the “Company”). We are offering 28,310,194 shares of our Class A common stock and the selling stockholder named in this prospectus is offering 5,589,806 shares of Class A common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock by the selling stockholder, including from any exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares from the selling stockholder. We will, however, bear the costs associated with the sale of shares by the selling stockholder, other than underwriting discounts and commissions.

Currently, no public market exists for our Class A common stock. We expect the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock will be between $28.00 and $31.00. We have applied to have our Class A common stock listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “TPG.”

After giving effect to the Reorganization (as defined herein) and the completion of this offering, we will have three classes of common stock: Class A common stock; nonvoting Class A common stock; and Class B common stock (collectively, our “common stock”). Each share of Class A common stock entitles the holder to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock initially entitles the holder to ten votes per share and accompanies a Common Unit (as defined herein) of the TPG Operating Group (as defined herein); upon redemption of such Common Unit for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or, at our election, Class A common stock (or, in certain cases, nonvoting Class A common stock), the corresponding Class B common stock will be automatically cancelled for no additional consideration. Shares of nonvoting Class A common stock have no voting rights and each such share is convertible into one share of Class A common stock upon transfer to a third party as and when permitted by the Investor Rights Agreement (as defined herein). See “Organizational Structure—Investor Rights Agreement.”

We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds of this offering to acquire Common Units from certain existing owners of the TPG Operating Group (none of whom is an active TPG partner or Founder (as defined herein)) at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, and the remaining net proceeds to purchase newly issued Common Units of the TPG Operating Group to obtain our economic interest in the TPG Operating Group at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. We expect the TPG Operating Group to use these proceeds (i) to pay the expenses incurred by us in connection with this offering and the Reorganization and (ii) for general corporate purposes, which may include facilitating the growth of our existing business and/or expanding into complementary new lines of business or geographic markets. While we continuously evaluate such opportunities, we have no present arrangements, commitments or definitive agreements for any material acquisitions. In connection with the Reorganization, certain limited partners of the TPG Operating Group will exchange all or a portion of their Common Units for shares of our Class A common stock (or in some cases our nonvoting Class A common stock) and will cease to be partners of the TPG Operating Group partnerships.

Prior to the consummation of this offering, we will issue an aggregate of 229,652,641 shares of our Class B common stock and 48,984,961 shares of our Class A common stock to certain partners of the TPG Operating Group (other than us) and certain of their affiliates, including the selling stockholder, in connection with the shares to be resold in this offering. The Class B stockholders will hold 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock by virtue of their ownership of Class B common stock immediately after this offering. See the section titled “Description of Capital Stock.”

Following this offering, we will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the corporate governance rules of Nasdaq. See “Management.”

 

 

See “Risk Factors” on page 33 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of our Class A common stock.

 

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

     Per Share      Total  

Initial public offering price

   $                    $                

Underwriting discount(1)

   $        $    

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

   $        $    

Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholder

   $        $    

 

(1)

We refer you to “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)” for additional information regarding total underwriter compensation, including other items of value payable to the underwriters.

At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 5% of the shares of Class A common stock to be issued by us and offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price to all of our employees, including certain former and expected future employees, who are not TPG partners. See “Prospectus Summary—The Offering—Directed Share Program” for additional information.

To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 33,900,000 shares of Class A common stock, the underwriters have an option to purchase up to an additional 3,390,000 shares, consisting of 1,775,410 shares from us and 1,614,590 shares from the selling stockholder at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount.

 

 

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on                , 2022.

 

 

 

J.P. Morgan   Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC   Morgan Stanley   TPG Capital BD, LLC   BofA Securities

 

Citigroup                       Deutsche Bank Securities               Evercore ISI   UBS Investment Bank   Wells Fargo Securities   BMO Capital Markets   Barclays
Mizuho Securities   Keefe, Bruyette & Woods   MUFG                                            SMBC Nikko
AmeriVet Securities   Blaylock Van, LLC   C.L. King & Associates   Drexel Hamilton   R. Seelaus & Co., LLC   Ramirez & Co., Inc.   Siebert Williams Shank


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LOGO

 

Purpose-built for growth and innovation in the next era of alternative asset management Attractive Scale Distinct Positioning Strong Growth


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LOGO

$109B 912 Assets Under Management Employees280+ 320+ Active Portfolio Companies Investment &Operations Professionals30+ 15 YEARSCountries Portfolio Median TPG Tenure of Product LeadersCompany Headquarters Diversified Across Five Multi-Product PlatformsCapitalGrowthImpactReal Estate Market SolutionsTPG Capital TPG Growth The Rise Funds TPG Real EstatePublic MarketPartnersInvesting TPG Asia TPG Tech Adjacencies TPG Rise ClimateReal Estate Thematic SPACs TPG Healthcare PartnersTPG Digital Media EvercareAdvantage Core Plus Private Market SolutionsContinuation Vehicles TPG RE Finance Trust Capital Markets (TRTX)Note: All measures as of September 30, 2021.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

Prospectus Summary

     1  

The Offering

     22  

Summary Historical and Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial and Other Data

     29  

Risk Factors

     33  

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     105  

Organizational Structure

     106  

Use of Proceeds

     117  

Dividend Policy

     118  

Capitalization

     119  

Dilution

     121  

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and Other Data

     123  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     147  

Business

     205  

Management

     245  

Executive and Director Compensation

     257  

Principal and Selling Stockholders

     280  

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

     283  

Description of Material Indebtedness

     293  

Description of Capital Stock

     298  

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

     304  

Material U.S. Federal Income and Estate Tax Consequences to Non-U.S. Holders

     306  

Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)

     309  

Legal Matters

     322  

Experts

     323  

Where You Can Find More Information

     324  

Index to Financial Statements

     F-1  

 

 

None of us, the selling stockholder or the underwriters (nor any of our or their respective affiliates) have authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we have referred you. None of us, the selling stockholder or the underwriters (nor any of our or their respective affiliates) take any responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We, the selling stockholder and the underwriters (and our and their respective affiliates) are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus or any free writing prospectus is accurate only as of its date, regardless of its time of delivery or the time of any sale of shares of our Class A common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since that date.

Trademarks, Trade Names and Copyrights

We and our subsidiaries own or have the right to use various trademarks, trade names, service marks and copyrights, including the following: TPG, TPG Energy, TPG Capital, TPG Healthcare, TPG Asia, TPG Growth, The Rise Fund, TPG NEXT, TPG Real Estate, TPGRE, TRT, TPG Strategic Infrastructure, TSI, TPG Digital Media, TPG Tech Adjacencies, TTAD, TPG Public Equity Partners, TPEP, TPG SATYA, TPG Pace, TPG Biotechnology, TPG Biotech, TPG ART, TPG Financial Partners, TFP, T3, TPG Star, TPG Cleantech, TPG Credit, TPG Holdings, TPG Global, TPG Fundraising, TPG Funding, TPG Partners, Rise Labs, TPG Energy Solutions, TES, TPG China, Texas Pacific Group, Newbridge, NewQuest and Y Analytics and various logos used in association with these terms. Solely for convenience, the trademarks, trade names, service marks and

 

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copyrights referred to herein are listed without the ©, ® and symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate, in any way, that we, or the applicable owner, will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our or their, as applicable, rights to these trademarks, trade names, service marks and copyrights. Other trademarks, trade names, service marks or copyrights appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners.

Presentation of Financial and Operating Information

The body of generally accepted accounting principles in the United States is commonly referred to as “GAAP.” A non-GAAP financial measure is generally defined by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as a numerical measure of a company’s historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that excludes or includes amounts that would not be adjusted to the most comparable GAAP measure. In this prospectus, we disclose non-GAAP financial measures, including distributable earnings, or “DE,” after-tax DE, fee-related earnings, or “FRE,” fee-related revenues and fee-related expenses. These measures are not financial measures under GAAP and should not be considered as substitutes for net income, revenues or total expenses, and they may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. These measures should be considered in addition to GAAP measures. We use these measures to assess the core operating performance of our business. These measures are further described and reconciled to net income under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Market, Industry and Certain Other Information

Market data and industry information used throughout this prospectus is based on market and industry data and forecasts that we have derived from publicly available information, various industry publications, other published industry sources and management’s knowledge of the industry and the good faith estimates of management. We also relied, to the extent available, upon management’s review of independent industry surveys and publications, and other publicly available information prepared by a number of sources. None of the publications, reports or other industry sources referred to in this prospectus was commissioned by us. All of the market data and industry information used in this prospectus involves a number of assumptions and limitations, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to such estimates. In addition, we relied upon information and reports provided by our portfolio companies for portfolio company specific revenue and other metrics used in this prospectus. Metrics such as portfolio company-specific revenue growth are internal metrics that we monitor and track but are not maintained or audited in accordance with GAAP. Although we believe that these sources are reliable, none of us, the selling stockholder or the underwriters can guarantee the accuracy or completeness of this information and none of us, the selling stockholder or the underwriters have independently verified this information. While we believe the estimated market position, market opportunity and market size information included in this prospectus is generally reliable, such information, which is derived in part from management’s estimates and beliefs, is inherently uncertain and imprecise. Performance charts displayed throughout this prospectus are based on our past performance and are not indicative of future results. Projections, assumptions and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this prospectus. These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in our estimates and beliefs and in the estimates prepared by independent parties.

Certain Definitions

As used in this prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, references to:

 

   

“TPG,” “our company,” “we,” “our,” and “us,” or like terms, refer, prior to the Corporate Conversion discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, to the TPG Operating Group or, depending on the context, TPG Partners, LLC or TPG Group Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries taken as a whole, and after the Corporate Conversion, to TPG Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries taken as a whole.

 

 

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“alternative asset manager” refers to a firm that primarily invests (on behalf of clients and/or itself) in non-traditional, complex asset classes such as private equity, venture capital, non-traded real estate equity or debt, hedge fund strategies or credit, which is distinct from other asset managers that invest only in traditional asset classes, such as stocks, bonds or commodities.

 

   

“AUM” refers to assets under management.

 

   

“Class A common stock” refers to Class A common stock of TPG Inc., which entitles the holder to one vote per share. When we use the term “Class A common stock” in this prospectus, we are referring exclusively to such voting Class A common stock and not to “nonvoting Class A common stock.”

 

   

“Class B common stock” refers to Class B common stock of TPG Inc., which entitles the holder to ten votes per share until the Sunset (as defined herein) but carries no economic rights.

 

   

“Common Unit” refers to a common unit in each of the TPG Operating Group partnerships (or, depending on the context, a common unit in a TPG Operating Group partnership).

 

   

“Control Group” refers to Messrs. Bonderman, Coulter and Winkelried, upon consummation of the Reorganization and expands as discussed in “Management—Founder Succession and Governance Transition.”

 

   

“Excluded Assets” refers to the assets and economic entitlements to be transferred to RemainCo listed in Schedule A to the master contribution agreement to be entered into in connection with the Reorganization, which primarily include (i) minority interests in certain sponsors unaffiliated with TPG, (ii) the right to certain performance allocations in TPG funds, (iii) certain co-invest interests and (iv) cash.

 

   

“FAUM” refers to fee earning assets under management.

 

   

“Founders” refers to David Bonderman and James G. (“Jim”) Coulter.

 

   

“GP LLC” refers to TPG GP A, LLC, the owner of the general partner of TPG Group Holdings.

 

   

“nonvoting Class A common stock” refers to the nonvoting Class A common stock of TPG Inc., which has no voting rights and is convertible into shares of Class A common stock upon transfer to a third party as and when permitted by the Investor Rights Agreement.

 

   

“our people” refers to our employees, partners and affiliated advisors.

 

   

“performance allocations” refers to amounts earned by us based upon the performance of a TPG fund. The performance allocation may be a profits interest in the realized gains of a fund or a fee based upon the appreciation of a fund.

 

   

“Pre-IPO Investors” refers to certain sovereign wealth funds, other institutional investors and certain other parties that entered into a strategic relationship with us prior to the Reorganization.

 

   

“Promote Unit” refers to a promote unit in each of the TPG Operating Group partnerships, which will entitle the holder to certain distributions of performance allocations received by the TPG Operating Group (or, depending on the context, a promote unit in each TPG Operating Group partnership).

 

   

“Public SPACs” refers to Pace Holdings Corp., TPG Pace Holdings Corp., TPG Pace Tech Opportunities Corp., TPG Pace Beneficial Finance Corp., TPG Pace Energy Holdings Corp., TPG Pace Solutions Corp., TPG Pace Beneficial II Corp. and AfterNext HealthTech Acquisition Corp.

 

   

“RemainCo” refers to, collectively, Tarrant RemainCo I, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, Tarrant RemainCo II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and Tarrant RemainCo III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, which will own the Excluded Assets, and Tarrant RemainCo GP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company serving as their general partner.

 

   

“Specified Company Assets” refers to TPG general partner entities from which holders of Common Units (including us) will receive an estimated 20% performance allocation after giving effect to the Reorganization.

 

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“TPG general partner entities” refers to certain entities that (i) serve as the general partner of certain TPG funds and (ii) are, or historically were, consolidated by TPG Group Holdings.

 

   

“TPG Group Holdings” refers to TPG Group Holdings (SBS), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership that is considered our predecessor for accounting purposes and is a TPG Partner Vehicle and direct owner of certain Common Units and Class B common stock.

 

   

“TPG Operating Group” refers (i) for periods prior to giving effect to the Reorganization, to the TPG Operating Group partnerships and their respective consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) for periods beginning after giving effect to the Reorganization, (A) to the TPG Operating Group partnerships and their respective consolidated subsidiaries and (B) not to RemainCo.

 

   

“TPG Operating Group partnerships” refers to TPG Operating Group I, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership formerly named TPG Holdings I, L.P., TPG Operating Group II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership formerly named TPG Holdings II, L.P., and TPG Operating Group III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership formerly named TPG Holdings III, L.P.

 

   

“TPG Partner Holdings” refers to TPG Partner Holdings, L.P., a Cayman Islands exempted limited partnership, which is a TPG Partner Vehicle that indirectly owns substantially all of the economic interests of TPG Group Holdings, a TPG Partner Vehicle.

 

   

“TPG Partner Vehicles” refers to, collectively, the vehicles through which the Founders and current and former TPG partners (including such persons’ related entities and estate planning vehicles) hold their equity in the TPG Operating Group, including TPG Group Holdings and TPG Partner Holdings.

In addition, for definitions of “Gross IRR,” “Net IRR,” “Gross MoM” and related terms, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Fund Performance Metrics.”

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making a decision to participate in the offering. For example, while we highlight certain select investments, groups of investments or funds below, our results of operations also include other less successful or unsuccessful investments. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the information presented under “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements and notes related thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision.

Overview

We are a leading global alternative asset manager with approximately $109 billion in assets under management as of September 30, 2021. We have built our firm through a 30-year history of successful innovation and organic growth, and we believe that we have delivered attractive risk-adjusted returns to our clients and established a premier investment business focused on the fastest-growing segments of both the alternative asset management industry and the global economy. We believe that we have a distinctive business approach as compared to other alternative asset managers and a diversified, innovative array of investment platforms that position us well to continue generating sustainable growth across our business.

We have delivered strong historical growth. Our assets under management have grown 81% from 2016 to $109.1 billion as of September 30, 2021. From the year ended December 31, 2018 to the last twelve months ended September 30, 2021, our total revenues increased 288% to $5.4 billion, and our fee-related revenue, a non-GAAP measure, increased 55% to $827 million. Over that same period, our net income increased 599% to $5.0 billion.

 

 

LOGO

Founded in 1992 with our first investment operations centered in the San Francisco Bay area, TPG is built on family office origins, entrepreneurial heritage and a West Coast base, which have resulted in strong growth, an affinity for disruption and technology, and a distinctive culture of openness and collaboration. Our principled focus on innovation has resulted in a disciplined, organic evolution of our business over time. Dating back to the earliest days of our firm, our track record reflects our history of organically incubating, launching and scaling new platforms and products, often early in the development of important alternative asset industry trends. With a diversified set of investment strategies and a strategic orientation towards areas of high growth, such as technology, healthcare and impact, we are well-positioned for the future of alternative asset management.

 

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LOGO

TPG is led by a team of world-class executives and business leaders who have an average of 26 years of professional experience, including an average tenure at TPG of more than 12 years, and who are supported by a deep bench of talented professionals. With 912 employees as of September 30, 2021, including more than 320 investment and operations professionals, we conduct our business through 12 offices across 8 countries, providing us with a substantial global footprint and network for sourcing transactions, raising capital and driving value in our investments. Our platform-based investment and operations professionals are organized into industry sector teams, which share investment themes across platforms to drive firmwide pattern recognition. Through multiple decades of experience, we have developed an ecosystem of insight, engagement and collaboration across our platforms and products, which currently include more than 280 active portfolio companies headquartered in more than 30 countries, employing more than 500,000 people.

We are a global, diversified alternative asset management firm consisting of five multi-product investment platforms, which we refer to as “platforms.” Our platforms are: (1) Capital, (2) Growth, (3) Impact, (4) Real Estate and (5) Market Solutions.

 

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LOGO

 

Note: Past performance is not indicative of future results. Unless otherwise noted, figures are as of September 30, 2021.

 

(1)

Excludes legacy and discontinued funds. “Net IRR” represents the compound annualized return rate (i.e., the implied discount rate) of a fund, which is calculated using investor cash flows in the fund, including cash received from capital called from investors, cash distributed to investors and the investors’ ending capital balances as of the quarter end. Net IRR is the discount rate at which (i) the present value of all capital contributed by investors to the fund (which excludes, for the avoidance of doubt, any amounts borrowed by the fund in lieu of calling capital) is equal to (ii) the present value of all cash distributed to investors and the investors’ ending capital balances. Net IRR reflects the impact of management fees, fund expenses (including interest expense arising from amounts borrowed under the fund’s credit facility) and performance allocations, but does not reflect the effect of taxes borne, or to be borne, by investors. “Gross IRR” is calculated by adjusting Net IRR to generally approximate investor performance metrics excluding management fees, fund expenses (other than interest expense and other fees arising from amounts borrowed under the fund’s credit facility to fund investments) and performance allocations. For funds that engaged in de minimis or no fund-level borrowing, Gross IRR is the discount rate at which (i) the present value of all Capital Invested in an investment or investments is equal to (ii) the present value of all realized and unrealized returns from such investment or investments. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Operating Metrics—Fund Performance Metrics” for our full track record, which includes other important performance metrics such as “Gross MoM” and “Investor Net MoM,” as well as more detailed definitions of Gross IRR and Net IRR.

(2)

“Last 10 Years” refers to all funds raised since the beginning of 2011.

(3)

Reflects last 12 months value creation, or “LTM Value Creation,” by platform, excluding legacy and discontinued funds. LTM Value Creation measures the value change of the platform during the last 12 months divided by the sum of (i) the Unrealized Value (as defined herein) at the beginning of the measurement period plus (ii) Capital Invested (as defined herein) in follow-on investments made during the measurement period.

As an alternative asset manager, we primarily invest in non-traditional, complex asset classes such as private equity, real estate and public market strategies, which is distinct from other asset managers that invest only in traditional asset classes, such as stocks, bonds or commodities. We have constructed a high-quality base of assets under management within highly attractive sub-segments of the alternative asset management industry. The strength of our investment performance and our ability to innovate within our business have led to consistent historical growth in our assets under management, all on a scaled infrastructure that gives our business a high degree of operating leverage.

 

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The quality of our asset base and the strength of our returns have allowed us to grow our fee earning assets under management and resulting management fees. We believe that our firm’s earnings stand to benefit from substantial margin enhancement as our platforms continue to grow and mature. We are positioned for rapid, profitable growth, which we believe will compound in the years ahead as we expand our existing platforms, launch new market-leading products and platforms, and pursue inorganic growth opportunities.

Our Distinctive Business Approach

We believe that we are distinctive in the way in which we organize our business and make investment decisions. Our business is set apart by our collaborative investment approach, our substantial centralized resources, our partnership engagement model and our entrepreneurial culture.

Deep Industry Focus with Shared Investment Themes

Our platform-based investment and operations professionals are organized into industry sector teams, which share investment themes across platforms to drive firmwide knowledge. Our professionals pursue compelling thematic investment opportunities, unencumbered by specific capital requirements or transaction structures, as evidenced by our partners’ frequent collaboration across platforms and products. Our teams identify outstanding investment opportunities regardless of the platform in which they may ultimately fit, resulting in a broad and efficient firmwide, sector-enabled sourcing funnel. As a result of this approach, as of September 30, 2021, approximately 71% of TPG’s partners have led investments across more than one platform. Furthermore, we support and incentivize collaboration across platforms through the use of shared resources and compensation frameworks. We award investment-specific performance fees to professionals who lead investments, including those made outside of their primary platforms.

We have chosen to focus our teams and our sector development in areas of economic growth and long-term secular tailwinds such as technology, healthcare and impact. We believe this focus has created an investment philosophy and a portfolio that is distinctly growth-oriented, as captured by the revenue growth of the portfolio across our current generation of funds relative to the revenue performance of the companies which comprise public market benchmark indices, as illustrated below:

 

 

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Note: Past performance is not indicative of future results.

 

(1)

Benchmark indices’ 2020 revenue growth per Bloomberg.

(2)

Weighted-average revenue growth where weights are based on unrealized value; includes TPG VIII, TPG Healthcare Partners, Asia VII, Growth V, TPG Tech Adjacencies and Rise II.

 

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Value-Added Operating Approach

TPG was one of the first private equity firms to establish an in-house operations group (“TPG Ops”) in 1995. We believe that our operations team continues to be a core differentiator in our ability to drive strong growth in our portfolio companies and the resulting strong performance in our funds. As of September 30, 2021, TPG Ops consists of 53 operations professionals who have substantial specialized sector knowledge and functional experience. Unlike many of our peers, who outsource operational work to consulting firms, the vast majority of our value-added operating activities are executed by TPG Ops members, most of whom are full-time employees of our firm. TPG Ops professionals are fully integrated into our deal teams and incentivized in portfolio company performance, with an opportunity to share in the same investment-specific performance fees as our investment professionals. TPG Ops professionals identify and underwrite operational improvement opportunities, build and partner with strong management teams, and execute on tailored value generation plans through functional line-level engagement.

 

 

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Rich Global, Collaborative Ecosystem with a Robust Base of Centralized Resources

We were early movers in establishing dedicated functional teams to support our global investing efforts. We have deployed our client and capital formation, capital markets, human resources, communications, firm infrastructure and services, legal, compliance and environmental, social and corporate governance (“ESG”) teams across our firm to drive value in each of our platforms, from fundraising to portfolio company realizations. For example, our client and capital formation team has raised nearly $55 billion in commitments since the start of 2018, and our Capital Markets team has driven realizations and managed capital structures across a portfolio that has priced 57 initial public offerings and raised $160 billion in debt from January 1, 2014 to September 30, 2021, demonstrating the tangible strength of our shared resources. The ability of our teams to leverage these value-added firm capabilities has enabled us to drive positive outcomes seamlessly and consistently across our platforms.

 

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Deep, Committed Relationships with a Growing Limited Partner Base

We are backed by the most sophisticated global asset allocators, including approximately 500 institutional limited partners, with whom we have direct relationships. We have significant room to both grow with our existing investors and add new investors. We have cultivated deep, longstanding relationships with our investors, as evidenced by the 15-year weighted average tenure since our limited partners’ first commitment to one of our funds.

Of our limited partners who have commitments in active TPG funds raised over the last 10 years (excluding public market investing vehicles), 76% are invested in active funds across three or more of our products and 84% are invested in active funds across two or more of our platforms.

Innovative Product Development and Growth Model

Our focus on key growth sectors and our successful track record have given our teams the differentiated level of expertise and credibility required to identify opportunities for new product development, and our entrepreneurial culture has encouraged our teams to execute on the opportunities that they identify. As such, throughout our 30-year history, we have increased the breadth of our investment franchise through a combination of organic incubation of new products and acquisitive growth. Since the start of 2018, we have raised over $15 billion for five new products. Notable examples of innovative new product launches in recent years include:

 

   

2018: TPG Tech Adjacencies or “TTAD” ($3.8 billion closed across two fund cycles as of September 30, 2021): Focused on making structured minority investments in internet, software, digital media and other technology sectors

 

   

2019: TPG Healthcare Partners or “THP” ($2.7 billion): Dedicated fund investing in all areas of healthcare, primarily in partnership with other TPG funds

 

   

2021: TPG Rise Climate ($6.0 billion closed as of September 30, 2021): Dedicated impact fund focused on investing in and scaling commercially viable companies that are developing innovative climate solutions

Culture as Strategy

Since our firm’s founding, we have believed that fostering a collaborative, open-partnership culture within TPG is a strategic imperative in enabling our growth and success. Internally, our partnership mindset is embodied in our core activities, including our investment committees, which are open to all investment and operations professionals. Furthermore, we believe that the quality of our investments and our ability to build great companies depend on the originality of our insights and the diversity of our team’s thought. Promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion (“DEI”) is both a core value and a strategic initiative for our firm. Our DEI efforts are pursued through our Diversity, Equity & Inclusion Council (the “DE&I Council”), which is jointly led by our Chief Executive Officer, or “CEO,” and Chief Human Resources Officer. Our DE&I Council includes partners from across the firm and is supported by employee-led advisory groups that have broad-based engagement at all levels of our firm.

Our culture also drives the way in which we engage with our existing and prospective portfolio companies. As a result of our institutional emphasis on mutual respect, transparency and partnership, our professionals are often the “partner of choice” for the management teams, founders and ownership groups of companies in which we seek to invest. Our culture has been a driver of strong investment outcomes and has allowed us to establish longstanding relationships with management teams, which, in turn, has resulted in multiple instances of our successful repeat partnerships with these teams.

 

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Our Market Opportunity

As alternative asset management remains a broadly attractive and growing industry, certain trends and sectors within this market are particularly favorable and allow managers to develop differentiated market positioning. We have built our firm with an orientation towards what we believe are the most significant trends driving our industry:

 

 

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Platforms

We have developed our five investment platforms, (1) Capital, (2) Growth, (3) Impact, (4) Real Estate and (5) Market Solutions, organically over time as we have identified areas where our track record and thematic depth provide opportunities to create differentiated solutions to address market needs. We believe that our platforms provide a compelling cross-section of attractive, fast-growing areas of alternative assets.

Each of our five investment platforms is comprised of a number of products that are complementary to each other and provide our limited partners with differentiated avenues for capital deployment. Most of our products have raised multiple generations of funds, which we believe highlights the value our limited partners see in these products. Importantly, each of our platforms and their underlying products invests across our sectors. Our diverse pools of capital allow us to be flexible and opportunistic investors, which increases both our relevance in the private capital ecosystem and the value we can bring to potential portfolio companies. We believe that this approach is accretive to our organic investment sourcing capabilities and provides a stable, diversified revenue base for our firm with multiple growth vectors. Unless otherwise noted, all metrics are as of September 30, 2021 and exclude legacy and discontinued funds. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Operating Metrics—Fund Performance Metrics” for full track record disclosure.

Platform: Capital

Our Capital platform is focused on large-scale, control-oriented private equity investments and was the first business formed within TPG at our 1992 founding. Since inception, our Capital platform has invested over $79 billion and has created more than $73 billion of value, achieving a gross IRR of 23%. In the last 12 months,

 

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the platform has generated value creation of 48%. Our Capital platform funds are organized in four primary products: (1) TPG Capital, (2) TPG Healthcare Partners, (3) TPG Asia and (4) Continuation Vehicles.

 

 

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Platform: Growth

After investing over $3 billion in transactions smaller than $100 million and ultimately creating $8 billion in value in these transactions from inception through 2006, we established TPG Growth in 2007, our dedicated growth equity and middle market investing vehicle. Our Growth platform provides us with a flexible mandate to capitalize on investment opportunities that are earlier in their life cycle, are smaller in size and/or have different profiles than would be considered for our Capital platform. Our organically developed family of growth funds has been a significant driver of growth for our firm in recent years, now accounting for $22 billion in assets under management. Since its inception in 2007, our Growth platform has invested nearly $14 billion and created more than $12 billion of value, achieving a gross IRR of 23%. In the last 12 months, the platform has generated value creation of 56%. Our Growth funds are organized in three primary products: (1) TPG Growth, (2) TPG Tech Adjacencies and (3) TPG Digital Media.

 

 

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Platform: Impact

We have a fundamental belief that private enterprise can contribute significantly to addressing societal challenges globally. We launched our Impact platform in 2016 with the founding of The Rise Fund, which we believe is the largest ever impact-focused private equity fund to pursue both competitive financial returns and measurable societal benefits at scale. Since establishing the inaugural Rise Fund, we have raised a successor Rise Fund and built out our Impact platform to include sector specific impact investing funds, including the Evercare Health Fund, an emerging markets healthcare investing vehicle, and TPG Rise Climate, a dedicated climate investing strategy.

Since inception, our Impact platform has invested over $3 billion and has created more than $2 billion in value, achieving a gross IRR of 30%. In the last 12 months, the platform has generated value creation of 48%. Our Impact platform has $13 billion in assets under management. Our Impact funds are organized in three primary products: (1) The Rise Fund, (2) TPG Rise Climate and (3) Evercare.

 

 

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Platform: Real Estate

We established our real estate investing practice in 2009 to pursue real estate investments systematically and build the capabilities to do so at significant scale. Our early real estate transactions began with a $225 million investment in a portfolio of 101 mortgages and properties owned by a failed bank and culminated in more than $1 billion of real estate investments made out of TPG VI prior to the creation of dedicated real estate vehicles. Following the success of our early real estate investments, we established a dedicated real estate platform that has grown substantially to $11 billion of assets under management. Since inception, our Real Estate platform has invested over $6 billion and created nearly $3 billion in value, achieving a gross IRR of 27%. In the last 12 months, the platform has generated value creation of 34%. Today, we are investing in real estate through three primary products: (1) TPG Real Estate Partners, (2) TPG Real Estate Thematic Advantage Core-Plus and (3) TPG RE Finance Trust, Inc.

 

 

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(1)

Realizations are net of TRTX activity, which is reflected in Changes in Investment Value.

 

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Platform: Market Solutions

Our Market Solutions platform leverages the broader TPG ecosystem to create differentiated products in order to address specific market opportunities. These products include our public market investing funds, our special purpose acquisition corporations, our capital markets business and our private market solutions business.

 

 

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Competitive Strengths

Purpose-Built Investing Franchise with Optimal Mix of Scale and Growth

We are a longstanding leader in alternative asset management, with a strong brand that we have developed over multiple decades of successful investing and purposeful exposure to the fastest-growing areas of alternative asset management. Today, our ecosystem is distributed across more than 30 countries, 17 active products and five growing platforms, providing us with multiple and diverse vectors for substantial growth. At our current scale, we benefit from having significant resources, capabilities and pattern recognition yet being of a size from which we can continue to grow rapidly.

This growth potential is apparent in the character of our assets under management; approximately $49 billion, representing 45% of our total of $109 billion, is attributable to funds raised since 2018. Furthermore, our newer platforms have been strong contributors to our growth, with Impact and Market Solutions fee-related revenue growing at a compound annual growth rate (“CAGR”) of 34% and 75% from the year ended December 31, 2018 to the twelve months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

Differentiated Operating Model that Utilizes Shared Themes Across Platforms

Our differentiated operating model unites our investment products and global footprint around a cohesive commercial framework. While our investment and operations professionals conduct their work across a broad global footprint, our shared investment themes approach to resourcing and compensation encourages cross-platform investing. Sector-focused investment and operating teams collaborate frequently on a formal and informal basis across deal sourcing, execution and value creation, which has contributed to a pattern of unique transactions and differentiated outcomes for our investments. We believe that a truly unsiloed investment platform is paramount to unlocking the full value of our deep sector expertise and allows our investment teams to apply that expertise across a flexible range of investment mandates and styles. Furthermore, we believe that our ability to utilize our shared themes across our platforms and funds will allow us to leverage our resources over

 

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time, reinforcing the strength of our ecosystem while generating operating leverage in our financial model. As of September 30, 2021, approximately 71% of TPG’s partners have led investments across more than one platform.

Platform Levered to the Highest-Growth Sectors of the Global Economy

We have built our platforms purposefully, with a focus on the most attractive sectors, geographies and products of alternative asset management. The technology and healthcare sectors account for 37% and 24% of our invested capital since the start of 2018, respectively. We believe our early specialization in these sectors positions us to capitalize on the powerful secular tailwinds in these industries, which we expect to continue to accelerate in the years ahead.

Similarly, impact funds have benefited from strong momentum in recent years, as U.S. ESG-focused AUM has grown by $5.1 trillion between 2018 and 2020, according to the US SIF Report (as defined herein). We were the first global alternative asset manager to develop a scaled impact investing platform with the launch of The Rise Fund in 2016, and today we believe we are the largest private market impact investing platform, with $13 billion in assets under management.

We were one of the first alternative asset managers to establish a sizeable Asia franchise, which we formed in 1994. We have since grown our total AUM in Asia to $22 billion across products. The Asia market is one of the highest-growth areas of alternative asset management, exhibiting 24% growth per annum in AUM from 2010 to 2020, according to Preqin Ltd. (“Preqin”).

Partnership Model Aligned with Our Strong and Growing Limited Partner Base

We have a long history of raising significant amounts of capital from a broad, growing base of limited partners. Our institutional investor base includes some of the leading public and corporate pensions, sovereign wealth funds, funds of funds, high net worth individuals, financial institutions, insurance companies, endowments and other sources. Our deep relationships with limited partners are evidenced by the commitments that we receive across products and platforms; of our limited partners who have commitments in active TPG funds raised over the last 10 years (excluding public market investing vehicles), 76% are invested in active funds across three or more of our products and 84% are invested in active funds across two or more of our platforms. While we have a stable base of longstanding limited partners, as demonstrated by the 15-year weighted average tenure since first commitment among the current limited partner base, we continued to penetrate new sources of capital, with approximately 30% of the commitments in our current generation of funds coming from new limited partner relationships developed over the past five years.

 

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Track Record of Delivering Consistent, Attractive Returns

We have an exceptional track record of generating consistent, attractive risk-adjusted returns across our platforms. We believe that our deeply thematic investment approach and operational capabilities have been central to our ability to deliver strong performance across market cycles and investment conditions. The following chart summarizes our investment performance across our platforms:

 

 

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(1)

Reflects Gross IRRs by platform, excluding legacy and discontinued funds, for all funds raised since the beginning of 2011. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Operating Metrics—Fund Performance Metrics” for full track record disclosure.

Furthermore, our portfolio has strong momentum. Our platforms have generated substantial value creation over the last 12 months, and we have returned $22 billion to our investors during that period. The following chart summarizes the equity value creation in our portfolio in the last 12 months, by platform.

 

 

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(1)

Reflects last 12 months value creation by platform, excluding legacy and discontinued funds. LTM Value Creation measures the value change of the platform during the last 12 months divided by the sum of (i) the Unrealized Value at the beginning of the measurement period plus (ii) Capital Invested in follow-on investments made during the measurement period.

Experienced Team and Commitment to Good Governance

We believe that our people and the differentiated culture they create are fundamental drivers of our success. Since our firm’s inception, we have focused on recruiting, developing and retaining exceptional talent. As of September 30, 2021, of our 912 employees, over 320 are investment and operations professionals and over 575 are functional professionals. Of our investment, operational and functional professionals, over 150 are senior professionals leading sourcing, investment management and execution. We have a global footprint made up of

 

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individuals from diverse backgrounds across investing, operations, management and leadership roles, and we believe that our unique culture puts our team members and our firm in the position to succeed.

Consistent with our institutional commitment to good governance, we have established a clear and definite path for both founder succession and long-term governance of our company by an independent board of directors. This plan will ensure both an increasing role in the governance and long-term strategic development of our company by our next generation of leaders, who are generally internally developed, and an orderly transition to permanent governance by a board elected by our company’s stockholders. For additional information, see “Management—Founder Succession and Governance Transition.”

Alignment of Interests with Stakeholders

One of the fundamental philosophies of our firm has been to align the interests of our professionals with those of the investors in our funds, our portfolio companies and our other stakeholders. Since our inception in 1992, we and our principals have committed approximately $4.5 billion to our own funds and portfolio companies. Furthermore, we have sought to achieve the same alignment of interests between our professionals and our stockholders through our professionals’ significant and long-term interest in TPG. We expect that our professionals will own approximately 80% of the equity in TPG after this offering, aligning our interests with those of our stockholders. In connection with this offering, we are also establishing a long-term equity compensation plan that we believe will support this alignment of interests.

Growth Strategy

We will continue to drive value for our stockholders by pursuing a multi-dimensional growth strategy predicated on generating attractive returns for our limited partners, expanding our existing platforms, launching new platforms to develop new market-leading products and pursuing inorganic growth opportunities. Our near- and medium-term growth trajectory is supported by a balanced mix of highly visible growth across a diverse set of existing products and our considerable undeployed but committed fee earning assets under management.

Given our current scale, our large investment in our shared resources, the multiple growth vectors provided by our diverse platforms, and our significant unaddressed alternative asset sub-sectors, we believe that we will continue to grow our assets under management and our operating leverage.

Deploy Currently Committed Capital and Accelerate Embedded Operating Leverage

We have significant embedded growth in our platform due to our $29.8 billion of capital that is committed but not deployed, which accounts for 50% of our fee earning assets under management, and our $10.1 billion of assets under management that is subject to fee earning growth as of September 30, 2021. As our platform grows, our firm benefits from economies of scale as we realize operating leverage.

Generate Attractive Returns in Our Funds

Delivering consistent, attractive returns is core to our strategy and has been fundamental to our ability to scale our business over time. Since inception, our strong historical performance across investment products has generated $94.4 billion in value for our limited partners, which has resulted in our ability to consistently raise capital for both existing and new investment products. We believe that our experienced team, shared themes investing model, value-added operating approach and rich global ecosystem will continue to drive strong performance in our funds, which will allow us to drive sustainable growth in our assets under management. In addition, our firm is levered to the highest-growth sectors in the global economy, which provide our investment platform and returns with long-term secular tailwinds that support TPG’s growth.

 

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Grow and Extend Existing Platforms

We have built a scaled, global and diversified investing franchise by expanding our platforms. Across each of our fund platforms, we have continued to see meaningful increases relative to preceding fund cycles. The current generation of funds in our Capital platform in aggregate is 37% larger than the previous one. Similarly, our Growth and Real Estate Partners products have grown by 70% and 129%, respectively, since their prior cycles. Across our existing platforms, we have developed $49 billion of assets under management through vintages raised since the start of 2018, which represents 72% growth relative to December 31, 2017 assets under management. In addition to our investing activity, our Capital Markets business has proved to be a strong contributor to our firm’s growth and profitability in recent years as we continue to expand our capabilities and build our team. We are well-positioned to continue to deliver superior investment performance across our funds and strengthen and expand our relationships with limited partners for our existing product platforms.

Develop New Products

In addition to the vertical expansion of our existing products, throughout our 30-year history we have built our business by incubating new platforms organically to expand our investment franchise horizontally into new product categories. Our Growth platform is a strong example of our organic innovation playbook. After many years of success investing with a growth-oriented mindset, we raised a dedicated growth fund in 2007. As our successor growth funds have continued to scale, teams across our platforms have also identified and executed on opportunities adjacent to our dedicated growth products, including professionals from our Capital platform developing TPG Tech Adjacencies and TPG Digital Media. We have also launched new funds from our Capital platform, including our Real Estate platform, and, more recently, TPG Healthcare Partners in 2019. Since the start of 2018, our client and capital formation team has raised over $15 billion for five new products.

We intend to continue our deliberate strategy of innovation and development of high-growth products to accelerate growth. We believe that there are a number of highly attractive expansion opportunities for our business, including additional sector-specific products, asset classes and channels for capital raising.

Selectively Pursue Strategic Partnerships and M&A

We believe we are well-positioned to pursue inorganic growth opportunities in significant sub-sectors of alternative asset management which are complementary to our existing platform but which we do not address today. As an example, in 2018, we began a strategic partnership with NewQuest Capital Partners (“NewQuest”), a private equity secondaries platform focused on the Asia Pacific region. Following that initial minority investment, we utilized our people, resources and insight to support the business’ growth, which ultimately led to the platform scaling from approximately $0.9 billion in assets under management as of June 30, 2018 to $2.4 billion in assets under management as of September 30, 2021. On the back of our successful initial partnership, we launched a U.S. and European secondaries business in 2020, and in 2021 we acquired a majority interest in NewQuest. In December 2021, we signed an agreement to acquire an additional 33% interest in exchange for equity interests in the Company, which will result in us owning 100% of the NewQuest management company. We anticipate completing the transaction shortly after this offering. These steps have created a global private market solutions practice that is a key contributor to our growing Market Solutions platform.

Recruit, Retain and Develop World-Class Talent

Attracting, retaining and developing world-class talent is fundamental to our business and is a strategic priority for our leadership team. We utilize a highly disciplined recruiting strategy that is focused on identifying and attracting talented individuals from diverse backgrounds; from January 1, 2021 to September 30, 2021, 67% of new hires self-identified as diverse. Our people are equipped with the tools that they need to succeed and grow professionally through ongoing training and a cultural emphasis on collaboration and mentorship. Our ability to retain our professionals and cultivate their success within our firm is evidenced by the over 50% of our investment partners who joined the firm as junior professionals. We are highly focused on ensuring that we continue to make TPG a coveted place to work and grow for our people.



 

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Environmental, Social and Governance Action

TPG has a longstanding commitment to fostering strong ESG performance as a firm and in our investment practices. Reflecting an enduring commitment to build strong, sustainable companies, TPG first adopted its Global ESG Performance Policy in 2012, became a signatory to the UN Principles of Responsible Investment in 2013, and is a supporter of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB). Each year, we continue to strengthen and deepen the integration of ESG performance throughout the firm in various ways.

Our ESG Strategy Council and Y Analytics (TPG’s impact assessment and ESG performance arm whose mission is to increase the amount and effectiveness of capital allocation for the greater good) provide leadership and support to our investment professionals on ESG topics throughout the lifecycle of investments. The ESG Strategy Council unites the leadership of the multiple functions that touch ESG issues: Legal, Compliance, Human Resources & Human Capital, Operations and Y Analytics.

Recent Developments

Preliminary Operating Metrics for the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Below we have presented preliminary estimates of AUM and realized and unrealized appreciation of the portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2021, based solely on preliminary information available to management as of the date of this prospectus. We have provided ranges, rather than specific amounts, for the preliminary estimates of the operating metrics described below primarily because we have not yet completed our closing procedures for the year ended December 31, 2021 and as a result, our final operating metrics upon completion of our closing procedures may vary from the preliminary estimates. The preliminary estimates of certain of our operating metrics set forth below have been prepared by, and are the responsibility of, management and are based on a number of assumptions. Our actual metrics may differ from these estimates due to the completion of our closing procedures, final adjustments and other developments that may arise between now and the time the operating metrics for our annual period are finalized. You should not place undue reliance on these preliminary estimates. In addition, the preliminary estimated operating metrics set forth below are not necessarily indicative of results we may achieve in any future period. See “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” for additional information regarding factors that could result in differences between the preliminary estimated ranges of our operating metrics that are presented below and the actual operating metrics we will report.

Our AUM is expected to be between $111 billion and $113 billion as of December 31, 2021, which would represent an increase of between 24% and 26% compared to AUM as of December 31, 2020 and an increase of between 2% and 4% compared to AUM as of September 30, 2021.

Additionally, we expect our realized and unrealized appreciation of the portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2021 to be between 36% and 37% across the TPG funds, compared to realized and unrealized appreciation of the portfolio of 18% for the year ended December 31, 2020 and 31% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Risks Associated with Our Business

Our business is subject to a number of risks of which you should be aware before making an investment decision. You should carefully consider all of the information set forth in this prospectus and, in particular,

 

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should evaluate the specific factors set forth under the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus in deciding whether to invest in our Class A common stock. Among these important risks are risks relating to the following:

 

   

our dependence on our senior leadership and key investment and other professionals;

 

   

our ability to attract, retain and motivate investment and other key professionals;

 

   

the performance of our funds;

 

   

our ability to raise new funds or capital for our funds and obtain favorable economic terms;

 

   

our fund investors’ willingness to commit new capital to our funds in light of our decision to go public;

 

   

our execution of new investment strategies or expansion into new markets and businesses;

 

   

increasing scrutiny from fund investors and regulators on ESG matters;

 

   

the variability of part of our revenue, earnings and cash flow;

 

   

our funds’ historical returns not being indicative of returns on investing in our Class A common stock;

 

   

the performance of our funds’ portfolio companies;

 

   

our investment in companies based outside of the United States;

 

   

changes in China’s governmental policies and interventions by China’s government in industries in which we are invested;

 

   

our ability to maintain the security of our information and technology networks;

 

   

the COVID-19 pandemic and associated effects;

 

   

our ability to manage conflicts of interest, including conflicts of interests relating to our funds’ investment activities, conflicts of interest with our partners, directors and senior advisors, and conflicts of interest that may arise between our public stockholders and our management and certain other affiliates due to our Reorganization and post-offering compensation and incentive model;

 

   

the potential misconduct, fraud or other deceptive practices of our employees, advisors or third-party service providers or our funds’ portfolio companies;

 

   

pending and future litigation and related liabilities and reputational harm;

 

   

clawback or contingent repayment obligations if and when triggered under our funds’ governing agreements;

 

   

the historical pro forma financial information in this prospectus not being predictive of future performance;

 

   

our reliance on exemptions from certain governance requirements as a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing standards;

 

   

our status as a holding company, with our only material asset being our interest in the TPG Operating Group;

 

   

us potentially being deemed an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act (as defined herein);

 

   

the disparity in the voting rights among the classes of our common stock;

 

   

our ability to pay dividends;

 

   

the effect on our share price of the large number of shares eligible for future sale and exchange;

 

   

the acceleration of payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement (as defined herein);

 

   

changes in the debt financing markets or higher interest rates;

 

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the intense competition in the investment management business;

 

   

climate change and related regulations;

 

   

difficult economic and market conditions;

 

   

the extensive regulation of our businesses and increased regulatory focus on our industry, including proposed legislative changes that would modify the tax treatment of performance allocations or otherwise adversely impact our business model;

 

   

changes in the U.S. political and financial regulatory environment; and

 

   

our structure, which involves complex provisions of U.S. federal tax law.

For a discussion of these and other risks you should consider before making an investment in our common stock, see “Risk Factors.”

Organizational Structure

Historical Ownership Structure

The TPG Operating Group is owned by certain members of management, employees, former employees, Pre-IPO Investors and other persons. Prior to the Reorganization and the closing of this offering, the partners of the TPG Operating Group consist of:

 

   

certain members of management, employees and former employees who hold (directly or indirectly) over 80% of the TPG Operating Group; and

 

   

certain Pre-IPO Investors who collectively hold (directly and indirectly) less than 20% of the TPG Operating Group.

The following diagram indicates a high-level summary of our historical ownership structure (excluding various intermediate entities) immediately preceding the Reorganization:

 

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The Reorganization

Prior to or in connection with this offering, we will undertake certain transactions as part of a corporate reorganization (the “Reorganization”), including the Corporate Conversion, described in “Organizational Structure.” Following the Reorganization and this offering, we will be a holding company and our only business will be to act as the owner of the entities serving as the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships and the indirect owner of entities owning Common Units. Our only material assets will be Common Units representing 25.2% of the Common Units (or 25.6% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full), indirect general partner interests in the TPG Operating Group partnerships and 100% of the interests in certain intermediate holding companies. In our capacity as the sole indirect owner of the entities serving as the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships, we will indirectly control all of the TPG Operating Group’s business and affairs.

In addition, in connection with this offering, certain of the TPG Operating Group’s unitholders (none of whom is an active TPG partner or Founder) will sell all or a portion of their Common Units to us (or one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries) in exchange for (i) cash (at a per-unit price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering), (ii) shares of Class A common stock and/or nonvoting Class A common stock or (iii) a combination thereof. Certain of our Pre-IPO Investors will exchange all or a portion of their Common Units, or indirect interests therein, for newly-issued Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock, and certain TPG partners will exchange all or a portion of their Common Units, or indirect interests therein, for newly-issued Class A common stock.

We, one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, the TPG Operating Group partnerships and certain direct and indirect holders of outstanding Common Units will enter into the Exchange Agreement (as defined herein) in connection with this offering under which such holders of Common Units will have the right to have their Common Units redeemed by the issuing TPG Operating Group partnerships once each quarter (or, subject to certain limitations, otherwise from time to time) in exchange for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (or, in certain cases, for shares of nonvoting Class A common stock). Additionally, in the event of a redemption request by a holder of Common Units, we (or our subsidiary) may, at our election, effect a direct exchange of cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the price described above), Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock for Common Units in lieu of such a redemption. When a Common Unit is so exchanged, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock will be automatically cancelled for no additional consideration. If such cash or stock is provided by us (or a wholly-owned subsidiary), we (or such subsidiary) will receive a corresponding Common Unit. Further, if TPG Partner Holdings consents, any holder of interests in a TPG Partner Vehicle (or other entity owning Common Units) shall be permitted to exchange such interests with us or one of our wholly owned subsidiaries in a manner that is economically comparable to an exchange of Common Units.

 

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The diagram below illustrates our anticipated ownership structure immediately after the consummation of the Reorganization and this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares).

LOGO

 

(1)

RemainCo is omitted from the structure chart and will be (directly or indirectly) owned by TPG Partner Holdings’ partners and the Pre-IPO Investors with 81.3% and 18.7% economics of RemainCo, respectively, following the Reorganization and this offering. Intermediate holding companies and co-investment and other entities that are not material in the context of this offering are omitted from the structure chart.

(2)

GP LLC will initially be owned by entities owned by Messrs. Bonderman, Coulter and Winkelried. GP LLC owns the entity that serves as the general partner of the entity that will hold 100% of the shares of Class B common stock outstanding immediately following this offering. Each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to ten votes per share until the Sunset becomes effective but without economic rights. As a result, GP LLC initially will, prior to the Sunset, have the ability to vote such shares of Class B common stock and, by extension, will initially control 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock. After the Sunset becomes effective, each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to one vote and GP LLC will no longer have the right to vote shares on behalf of the partnerships for which it serves as general partner, with such votes instead being passed through to the applicable partners. The TPG Partner Vehicles will also hold all of the Promote Units issued by the TPG Operating Group. These Promote Units will represent a right to participate in certain distributions of performance allocations.

(3)

Consists of three limited partnerships. One unit of the TPG Operating Group represents one unit of each of such three limited partnerships.

(4)

The Pre-IPO Investors who hold an interest in our Class B common stock hold such interest indirectly through their interest in TPG Group Holdings. As the owner of the general partner of TPG Group Holdings, GP LLC initially will, prior to the Sunset, have the ability to vote such shares of Class B common stock.

 

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Corporate Information

TPG Partners, LLC is a Delaware limited liability company. Prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, TPG Partners, LLC will convert into a Delaware corporation pursuant to a statutory conversion and change its name to TPG Inc. (the “Corporate Conversion”). For more information regarding our conversion to a corporation, please see “Organizational Structure.” Our principal executive offices are located at 301 Commerce Street, Suite 3300, Fort Worth, TX 76102, and our telephone number is (817) 871-4000. Our corporate website address is www.tpg.com. Our website and the information contained on, or that can be accessed through, the website are not deemed to be incorporated by reference in, and are not considered part of, this prospectus. You should not rely on any such information in making your decision whether to purchase our Class A common stock.

 

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THE OFFERING

 

Class A common stock offered by TPG Inc.

28,310,194 shares of Class A common stock (30,085,604 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

 

Class A common stock offered by the selling stockholder

5,589,806 shares of Class A common stock (7,204,396 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full).

 

Option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock

The underwriters have an option to purchase an additional 3,390,000 shares of Class A common stock, consisting of 1,775,410 shares from us and 1,614,590 shares from the selling stockholder. The underwriters can exercise this option at any time within 30 days from the date of this prospectus.

 

Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering

69,036,254 shares of Class A common stock (70,811,664 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), based on an assumed initial public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus). The number of shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to certain TPG Operating Group unitholders in exchange for their Common Units, or rights thereto or indirect interests therein, in connection with the offering depends on the initial public offering price. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share would decrease or increase, as applicable, the Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering by approximately 60,000 shares. Assuming an initial public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), if all Class B stockholders and all nonvoting Class A common stockholders immediately after this offering and the Reorganization exchanged their Common Units and/or nonvoting Class A common stock, as applicable, for shares of our Class A common stock, 306,947,796 shares of Class A common stock would be outstanding immediately after this offering.

 

Nonvoting Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering

8,258,901 shares of nonvoting Class A common stock.

 

Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering

229,652,641 shares of Class B common stock. Class B common stock will be issued to holders of Common Units for no additional consideration. The number of shares of Class B common stock and Common Units outstanding after this offering will depend in part on the initial public offering price. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share would decrease or increase, as applicable, the Class B common stock and Common Units

 

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outstanding after this offering by approximately 255,000 shares or units, as applicable.

 

Directed share program

At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 5% of the shares of Class A common stock to be issued by us and offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial public offering price to all of our employees, including certain former and expected future employees, who are not TPG partners. Shares purchased through the directed share program will be subject to a lock-up restriction. The number of shares of Class A common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent these individuals purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares of Class A common stock offered by this prospectus. For additional information, see the section titled “Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest).”

 

Voting Rights

Except as provided in our certificate of incorporation or by applicable law, holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class. Each share of our Class A common stock will entitle its holder to one vote, and each share of our Class B common stock will entitle its holder to ten votes until the occurrence of the Sunset. The nonvoting Class A common stock will have the same rights and privileges as, and will rank equally and share ratably with, and be identical in all respects as to all matters to, the Class A common stock, except that the nonvoting Class A common stock will have no voting rights other than such rights as may be required by law.

 

 

Following the Sunset, holders of voting Class A and Class B common stock will be entitled to one vote per share and we will cease to be a controlled company. See “Management—Controlled Company Status and Board Independence.” The Sunset will occur on the date that a majority of the independent directors are elected at the first annual meeting of stockholders (or pursuant to a consent of stockholders in lieu thereof) after the earlier of (i) the earliest date specified in a notice delivered to the Company by GP LLC and its members pursuant to that certain GP LLC limited liability company agreement promptly following the earliest of: (a) the date that is three months after the date that neither Founder continues to be a member of GP LLC; (b) a vote of GP LLC to trigger the Sunset; (c) upon 60-days advance notice, the date determined by either Founder who is then a member of the Control Group to trigger the Sunset, if, following a period of at least 60 days, the requisite parties are unable to agree on the renewal of Mr. Winkelried’s employment agreement or the selection of a new CEO in the event that Mr. Winkelried ceases to serve as our CEO; and (ii) the first day of the quarter immediately following the fifth anniversary of this offering. Consistent with the terms of the Sunset, it is expected that the Control Group will continue to control us until the initial election of a majority of the independent directors promptly following the first day of the quarter immediately following the fifth anniversary of this offering. Immediately after this offering, the Control Group will collectively hold 97.1% of the combined voting power of

 

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our common stock (or 97.0% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full by virtue of their ability to vote the Class B common stock).

 

Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of our Class A common stock in this offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated expenses of this offering payable by us, will be approximately $775.1 million ($825.2 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) based on an assumed initial public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus). We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock by the selling stockholder, including from any exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares from the selling stockholder. We will, however, bear the costs associated with the sale of shares by the selling stockholder, other than underwriting discounts and commissions.

 

  We intend to use approximately $382.1 million of the net proceeds from this offering to purchase Common Units from certain existing owners of the TPG Operating Group (none of whom is an active TPG partner or Founder) at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. Accordingly, we will not retain any of these proceeds.

 

  We intend to use approximately $415.4 million of the net proceeds from this offering, or approximately $465.4 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full, to acquire newly issued Common Units of the TPG Operating Group to obtain our economic interest in the TPG Operating Group at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. We expect the TPG Operating Group to use these proceeds (i) to pay the expenses incurred by us in connection with this offering and the Reorganization and (ii) for general corporate purposes, which may include facilitating the growth of our existing business and/or expanding into complementary new lines of business or geographic markets. While we continuously evaluate such opportunities, we have no present arrangements, commitments or definitive agreements for any material acquisitions. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Investor Rights Agreement

Concurrently with the closing of this offering, we, the TPG Operating Group partnerships, the TPG Partner Vehicles and the Pre-IPO Investors will enter into the Investor Rights Agreement (as defined herein) with respect to all Class A common stock, nonvoting Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Common Units held by the TPG Partner Vehicles and the Pre-IPO Investors. We expect TPG partners to enter into or join the Investor Rights Agreement in connection with the Reorganization. Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, the TPG Partner Vehicles, the Pre-IPO Investors and the

 

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TPG partners will be subject to certain transfer restrictions and will be provided with certain registration rights. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Investor Rights Agreement.”

 

Exchange Agreement

We, one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, the TPG Operating Group partnerships and certain direct and indirect holders of outstanding Common Units will enter into the Exchange Agreement in connection with this offering under which such holders of Common Units will have the right to have their Common Units redeemed by the issuing TPG Operating Group partnerships once each quarter (or, subject to certain limitations, otherwise from time to time) in exchange for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (or, in certain cases, for shares of nonvoting Class A common stock). Additionally, in the event of a redemption request by a holder of Common Units, we (or our subsidiary) may, at our election, effect a direct exchange of cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the price described above), Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock for Common Units in lieu of such a redemption. When a Common Unit is so exchanged, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock will be automatically cancelled for no additional consideration. Further, if TPG Partner Holdings consents, any holder of interests in a TPG Partner Vehicle (or other entity owning Common Units) shall be permitted to exchange such interests with us or one of our wholly owned subsidiaries in a manner that is economically comparable to an exchange of Common Units. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Exchange Agreement.”

 

Tax Receivable Agreement

Prior to the completion of this offering, we, the TPG Operating Group partnerships and one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries will enter into the Tax Receivable Agreement with certain holders of outstanding Common Units that provides for the payment by us (or our subsidiary) to such holders of 85% of the benefits, if any, that we actually realize, or we are deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions), as a result of (i) adjustments to the tax basis of the assets of the TPG Operating Group as a result of certain exchanges of Common Units and (ii) certain other tax benefits, including tax benefits attributable to payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement (the “Covered Tax Items”). See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement.”

 

Dividend Policy

Following this offering, we intend to pay holders of our Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock a quarterly dividend representing at least 85% of TPG Inc.’s share of DE

 

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attributable to the TPG Operating Group, subject to adjustment as determined by the Executive Committee of our board of directors to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of our business, to make appropriate investments in our business and funds, to comply with applicable law, any of our debt instruments or other agreements, or to provide for future cash requirements such as tax-related payments and clawback obligations. Although we expect to pay at least 85% of our DE as a dividend, the percentage of our DE paid out as a dividend could fall below that target minimum. We expect that our first quarterly distribution will be paid in the second quarter of 2022 in respect of the prior quarter. All of the foregoing is subject to the further qualification that the declaration and payment of any dividends are at the sole discretion of the Executive Committee prior to the Sunset and the Executive Committee may change our dividend policy at any time, including, without limitation, to reduce such dividends or even to eliminate such dividends entirely. We need to cause the TPG Operating Group to make distributions to us sufficient to pay our taxes and other obligations (including those pursuant to the Tax Receivables Agreement), and if we decide to pay a dividend, in an amount sufficient to cover such dividend. If the TPG Operating Group makes such distributions to us, the other holders of Common Units, including the TPG Partner Vehicles and certain Pre-IPO Investors, will be entitled to receive pro rata distributions. Holders of our Class B common stock will not be entitled to cash dividends distributed by TPG Inc. Holders of Promote Units will not be entitled to cash distributions from the TPG Operating Group, except certain distributions of performance allocations received by the TPG Operating Group. See “Dividend Policy.”

 

Risk Factors

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. See the “Risk Factors” section of this prospectus beginning on page 33 for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before investing in our Class A common stock.

 

Conflicts of Interest

TPG Capital BD, LLC (“TPG Capital BD”) is an indirect subsidiary of TPG Partners, LLC. As a result, TPG Capital BD will be deemed to have “conflicts of interest” within the meaning of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Rule 5121. FINRA Rule 5121 imposes certain requirements on a FINRA member participating in the public offering of securities of an issuer if there is a conflict of interest and/or if that issuer controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the FINRA member. Accordingly, this offering is being made in compliance with the requirements of Rule 5121 regarding a FINRA member firm’s underwriting of securities of an affiliate. Neither TPG Capital BD nor any other affiliated agent of TPG Capital BD will sell any of our securities to any account over which it exercises discretionary authority unless it has received specific written approval from the account holder in accordance with Rule 5121. The appointment of a “qualified independent underwriter” is not necessary in connection with this

 

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offering as TPG Capital BD is not primarily responsible for managing the public offering.

 

Listing

We have applied to have our Class A common stock listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “TPG.”

The number of shares of our common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based on 69,036,254 shares of Class A common stock, 8,258,901 shares of nonvoting Class A common stock and 229,652,641 shares of Class B common stock outstanding, and except as otherwise indicated, the number of shares of our Class A common stock outstanding after this offering:

 

   

excludes 3,390,000 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares;

 

   

excludes shares of our Class A common stock issuable under the TPG Inc. Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan (the “Omnibus Plan”) equal to 10% of our shares of Class A common stock, measured on a fully-diluted, as converted basis (which is 30,694,780 shares based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), including:

 

   

shares of Class A common stock underlying restricted stock units (“RSUs”) expected to be issued to certain of our people pursuant to the Omnibus Plan in connection with the consummation of this offering equal to up to 4% (a portion of which will be granted immediately following the effectiveness of this offering and a portion may be granted thereafter in 2022 in relation to this offering, including to people hired for new roles created in connection with this offering); and

 

   

shares of Class A common stock to be reserved for future issuance of awards under the Omnibus Plan equal to the remaining portion of the shares issuable under the Omnibus Plan, which includes shares to be issued in respect of certain long-term performance incentive awards and awards to our independent directors;

 

   

excludes 8,258,901 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the conversion of shares of nonvoting Class A common stock following transfer to a third party as and when permitted by the Investor Rights Agreement;

 

   

excludes 229,652,641 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance upon exchange of Common Units (and cancellation of a corresponding number of shares of Class B common stock) that will be outstanding immediately after this offering; and

 

   

gives effect to our certificate of incorporation and our bylaws, which will be in effect prior to the consummation of this offering and the Reorganization.

Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus assumes (i) an initial public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), (ii) no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares and (iii) 69,036,254 shares of Class A common stock outstanding after this offering. The number of shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to certain TPG Operating Group unitholders in exchange for their Common Units, or rights thereto or indirect interests therein, in connection with the offering depends on the initial public offering price. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share would decrease or increase, as applicable, the Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering by approximately 60,000 shares. Similarly, the number of shares of Class B common stock and Common Units outstanding after this offering will depend in part on the initial public offering price. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share would decrease or increase, as applicable, the Class B common stock and Common Units outstanding after this offering by approximately 255,000 shares or units, as applicable.

 

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Throughout this prospectus, we present performance metrics and financial information regarding the TPG Operating Group’s business. The new public stockholders will be entitled to receive a pro rata portion of the economics of the TPG Operating Group operations through their ownership of our Class A common stock. TPG Inc.’s ownership of Common Units initially will represent a minority of the economic interest in the TPG Operating Group. Existing TPG partners, who primarily hold their interests in the TPG Operating Group indirectly through TPG Partner Holdings, initially will continue to hold a majority of the economic interest in its operations primarily through direct and indirect ownership of the TPG Operating Group. Prospective investors should be aware that the owners of the Class A common stock initially will be entitled only to a minority economic position, and therefore should evaluate performance metrics and financial information in this prospectus accordingly. As Common Units are exchanged for Class A common stock or cash over time, the percentage of the economic interest in the TPG Operating Group’s operations to which TPG Inc. and the public stockholders are entitled will increase proportionately.

 

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SUMMARY HISTORICAL AND PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

The following tables set forth (i) summary historical consolidated financial and other data of TPG Group Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data for TPG Inc. after this offering. TPG Group Holdings is considered our predecessor for accounting purposes and its consolidated financial statements will be our historical financial statements following this offering. We derived the summary consolidated statement of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and the statement of financial condition data as of September 30, 2021 and 2020, from the unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. We derived the summary consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2019 and 2020, and the statement of financial condition data as of December 31, 2019 and 2020, from the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of future operating results. You should read the information set forth below together with “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and Other Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Capitalization” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data of TPG Inc. presented below have been derived from our unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of September 30, 2021 gives pro forma effect to the Reorganization (see transactions described under “Organizational Structure”), the consummation of this offering and our intended use of proceeds therefrom after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated costs of this offering, as though such transactions had occurred as of September 30, 2021. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020 present our consolidated results of operations giving pro forma effect to the transactions described above as if they had occurred as of January 1, 2020. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data includes various estimates that are subject to material change and may not be indicative of what our operations or financial position would have been had this offering and related transactions taken place on the dates indicated, or that may be expected to occur in the future. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and Other Data” for a complete description of the adjustments and assumptions underlying the summary unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial data.

 

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    Pro Forma     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    Year Ended December 31,  
    Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2021
    Year
Ended
December 31,
2020
    2021     2020     2020     2019     2018  

Income Statement Data (in thousands)

             

Revenues

             

Fees and other

  $ 701,972     $ 815,368     $ 685,115     $ 659,081     $ 883,366     $ 1,031,878     $ 847,055  

Capital allocation-based income

    3,210,739       1,391,312       3,211,945       (94,676     1,231,472       955,977       556,827  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

    3,912,711       2,206,680       3,897,060       564,405       2,114,838       1,987,855       1,403,882  

Expenses

             

Compensation and benefits

    672,916       1,016,435       392,666       406,641       522,715       585,254       481,832  

Performance allocation compensation

    2,036,197       721,097            

General, administrative and other

    182,930       246,359       182,930       195,653       260,748       347,400       337,100  

Depreciation and amortization

    5,137       6,740       5,137       5,376       7,137       8,741       11,211  

Interest expense

    15,311       22,372       12,318       14,544       18,993       15,532       9,318  

Expenses of consolidated TPG Funds and Public SPACs:

             

Interest expense

    —         —         573       446       722       2,265       2,105  

Other

    22,724       5,225       23,919       3,290       7,241       9,289       23,519  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total expenses

    2,935,215       2,018,228       617,543       625,950       817,556       968,481       865,085  

Investment income

             

Income from investments:

             

Net (losses) gains from investment activities

    228,067       —         338,346       (31,186     (5,839     71,694       163,648  

Gain on deconsolidation

    —         —         —         401,695       401,695       —         —    

Interest, dividends and other

    6,959       5,009       6,959       6,168       8,123       18,992       11,728  

Investment income of consolidated TPG Funds and Public SPACs:

             

Net (losses) gains from investment activities

    —         —         9,008       (18,494     (18,691     75,211       15,707  

Unrealized losses on derivative liabilities of Public SPACs

    191,528       (239,269     191,528       —         (239,269     (15,300     (31,448

Interest, dividends and other

    35       11       2,971       4,379       5,410       16,161       20,647  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total investment income

    426,589       (234,249     548,812       362,562       151,429       166,758       180,282  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income before income taxes

    1,404,085       (45,797     3,828,329       301,017       1,448,711       1,186,132       719,079  

Income tax expense

    61,703       33,110       6,090       5,846       9,779       5,689       8,213  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income

    1,342,382       (78,907     3,822,239       295,171       1,438,932       1,180,443       710,866  

Less:

             

Net loss attributable to redeemable equity in Public SPACs

    133,209       (195,906     133,209       —         (195,906     (9,684     (27,387

 

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    Pro Forma     Nine Months Ended
September 30,
    Year Ended December 31,  
    Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2021
    Year
Ended
December 31,
2020
    2021     2020     2020     2019     2018  

Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interests in consolidated TPG Funds

    —         —         8,191       (13,782     (12,380     58,055       19,391  

Net income (loss) attributable to other non-controlling interests

    1,022,519       33,436       1,980,946       (10,467     719,640       651,558       454,325  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net income attributable to controlling interest

  $ 186,654     $ 83,563     $ 1,699,893     $ 319,420     $ 927,578     $ 480,514     $ 264,537  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-GAAP Financial Measures (in thousands)(1)

             

Fee-related revenues

  $ 635,996     $ 727,452     $ 627,954     $ 516,877     $ 716,033     $ 691,298     $ 535,043  

Fee-related expenses

    400,868       500,886       498,226       467,962       614,583       622,064       563,594  

Total fee-related earnings

    235,128       226,566       129,728       48,915       101,450       69,234       (28,551

Distributable earnings

    425,825       247,028       939,059       200,456       450,772       398,776       386,714  

After-tax distributable earnings

    401,162       232,721       932,660       195,071       441,467       393,322       380,492  

 

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    Pro Forma
As of
September 30,
    As of
September 30,
    As of December 31,  
    2021     2021     2020     2019  

Balance Sheet Data (in thousands)

       

Assets:

       

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 2,087,518     $ 1,783,221     $ 858,220     $ 620,092  

Investments

    5,943,421       6,664,831       4,546,243       3,765,381  

Assets of consolidated TPG Funds and Public SPACs:

       

Cash and cash equivalents

    3,377       4,211       3,705       35,289  

Assets held in Trust Accounts

    1,285,021       1,285,021       800,011       —    

Investments

    —         250,162       243,361       247,843  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total assets

  $ 9,994,110     $ 10,770,033     $ 7,000,551       5,509,351  

Liabilities, redeemable equity and partners’ capital:

       

Due to affiliates

  $ 945,056     $ 1,187,688     $ 463,385     $ 503,043  

Secured borrowings, net

    244,874       244,874       244,642       244,335  

Senior unsecured term loan

    200,000        

Liabilities of consolidated TPG Funds and Public SPACs:

       

Securities sold, not yet purchased

    —         70,630       79,798       104,660  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

    5,517,975       2,166,601       1,479,838       1,253,457  

Redeemable equity from consolidated Public SPACs

    1,285,021       1,285,021       800,011       —    

Equity

       

Class A common stock

    77,295       —         —         —    

Additional Paid-in Capital

    411,694       —         —         —    

Partners’ capital:

      —         —         —    

Partners’ capital controlling interests

    —         3,506,720       2,460,868       2,017,973  

Non-controlling interests in consolidated TPG Funds

    —         204,254       204,548       216,223  

Other non-controlling interest

    2,702,125       3,607,437       2,055,286       2,021,698  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

    3,191,114       7,318,411       4,720,702       4,255,894  
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities, redeemable equity and equity

  $ 9,994,110     $ 10,770,033     $ 7,000,551     $ 5,509,351  

 

(1)

See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and a reconciliation of revenues to fee-related revenues, a reconciliation of total expenses to fee-related expenses and a reconciliation of net income to total fee-related earnings, distributable earnings and after-tax distributable earnings.

 

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RISK FACTORS

Risks Related to Our Business

We depend on our senior leadership and key investment and other professionals, and the loss of their services or investor confidence in such professionals could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

We depend on the experience, expertise, efforts, skills and reputations of our investment and other professionals, including our senior leadership, senior advisors and other key personnel, none of whom are obligated to remain employed or otherwise engaged with us. For example, our ability to continue delivering strong fund returns depends on the investments that our investment professionals and other key personnel identify and the synergies among their diverse fields of expertise. Senior leadership, investment professionals and other key personnel also have strong business relationships with our fund investors and other members of the business community. The loss of the services of any of them, including if any were to join or form a competing firm, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow and could harm our ability to maintain or grow AUM in existing funds or raise additional funds in the future. Further, there can be no assurance that our founder succession process or plans to transition to long-term corporate governance by an independent board of directors will facilitate an orderly transition. See “Management—Founder Succession and Governance Transition.”

In addition, the failure of certain “key persons” (i.e., professionals who are named as “key persons” for some or all of our funds) to devote the requisite time and attention required under a fund’s governing documents could cause the automatic suspension or termination of the fund’s commitment period, and in certain cases the general partner’s replacement and/or the fund’s dissolution. If “key persons” engage in certain forms of misconduct, fund investors could have the right to among other things, remove the general partner, terminate the commitment period and/or dissolve the fund. See “—Third-party investors in our funds have the right under certain circumstances to remove the general partner of the fund, terminate commitment periods or dissolve the funds, and investors in certain of our public equity funds may redeem their investments, each of which could lead to a substantial decrease in our revenues.” Moreover, many of our senior professionals’ equity interests in us are already substantially vested, thereby limiting their incentive to remain with us. Any of the foregoing could lead to a substantial decrease in our revenues or materially and adversely affect our reputation.

Our ability to attract, retain and motivate investment and other key professionals is critical to our success. Our failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Our success depends on our ability to retain investment and other professionals, and to recruit additional qualified personnel. The market for investment and other professionals is extremely competitive, and we may not succeed in retaining or recruiting qualified investment or other professionals to sustain our current performance or pursue our growth strategy. Our senior leadership, investment professionals and other key personnel possess substantial experience and expertise in investing, assist with locating and executing our funds’ investments, have significant relationships with the institutions that are the source of many of our funds’ investment opportunities and have strong business relationships with our fund investors. Therefore, the departure of members of our senior leadership, our investment professionals or other key personnel, particularly if they join competitors or form competing firms, could result in the loss of significant investment opportunities and certain fund investors and could impair our funds’ performance.

Our ability to recruit, retain and motivate qualified investment and other professionals depends primarily on our ability to offer attractive compensation packages. Efforts to retain or attract investment professionals and other personnel could therefore result in significant additional expenses, which would negatively affect our profitability.

 

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Amounts earned by our investment and other professionals who participate in partnership equity programs will vary from year to year depending on our overall realized performance. As a result, there may be periods when we determine that realized performance allocations (together with other then-existent partnership return elements) are not sufficient to incentivize individuals, which could result in an increase in salary, cash bonus, other equity awards and benefits, the modification of existing programs or the use of new remuneration programs, which could increase our overall compensation costs. Reductions in partnership equity programs could also make it harder to retain investment professionals and other key personnel and cause these individuals to seek other employment opportunities. Furthermore, changes in tax laws in the United States and the United Kingdom (the “U.K.”) have increased the tax rates on various income streams used to compensate and/or incentivize investment professionals, which in turn impact our ability to recruit, retain and motivate our current and future investment professionals. See “—Legislative changes have been proposed that would, if enacted, modify the tax treatment of returns on partnership interests. If this or any similar legislation or regulation were to be enacted and apply to us, we could incur a substantial increase in our compensation costs and it could result in a reduction in the value of our Class A common stock.”

Following this offering, we may not be able to provide our future senior professionals with equity interests in our business to the same extent or with the same economic and tax consequences as those from which our existing senior professionals previously benefited. For example, following this offering, we expect to incentivize investment and other professionals with vintage share awards, investment-specific awards and discretionary performance allocation awards. See “Executive and Director Compensation—Compensation Program Adjustments On and Following this Offering.” The adjusted incentive package will have different economic and tax characteristics than our prior blend of financial incentives and may not prove adequate in years of poor realization to adequately compensate and retain our key personnel. In order to recruit and retain existing and future investment professionals and other key personnel, we may need to increase the level, or change the form or composition, of the compensation that we pay to them, which may cause a higher percentage of our revenue to be paid out in the form of compensation, adversely impacting our profit margins.

In addition, the confidentiality agreements, restrictive covenants and other arrangements with some of our senior leadership, investment professionals and other key personnel may not prevent them from leaving us, joining our competitors or otherwise competing with us. Depending on which entity is a party to these agreements and the laws applicable to these agreements, we may be unable to, or may find it impracticable to, enforce them, and certain of these agreements may be waived, modified or amended at any time without our consent. Even when enforceable, these agreements expire after certain periods of time, at which point investment professionals and other key personnel are free to compete with us and solicit our fund investors and employees.

Poor performance of our funds would cause a decline in our revenue, may obligate us to repay performance allocations previously paid to us and could negatively impact our ability to raise capital for future funds.

We primarily derive revenues from:

 

   

management fees, which are generally based on the amount of capital committed or invested in our funds;

 

   

performance allocations, which are based on the performance of our funds;

 

   

investment income from our investments as general partner;

 

   

compensation our broker-dealer or related entities receive for various capital markets services; and

 

   

expense reimbursements.

Poor performance of our funds could make it more difficult for us to raise new capital. Existing and potential investors continually assess our funds’ performance, and our ability to raise capital for existing funds and future funds, as well as avoiding excessive redemptions from our public equity funds, depends on our funds’

 

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continued satisfactory performance. Accordingly, poor fund performance may deter future investment in our funds and thereby decrease our AUM and revenue and thus have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. In addition, capital markets fees are typically dependent on transaction frequency and volume, and a slowdown in the pace or size of investments by our funds could adversely affect the amount of fees generated by our broker-dealer.

If a fund performs poorly, we will receive little or no performance allocations relating to our interest in the fund and little income, or possibly losses, from any principal investment in the fund, which could decrease our revenue. Investors could also demand lower fees or fee concessions for existing or future funds, which would likewise decrease our revenue. Further, if a fund does not achieve total investment returns that exceed a specified investment return threshold for the life of the fund as a result of poor performance of later investments in a fund’s life, we may be obligated to return the amount by which performance allocations that were previously distributed to us exceed amounts to which we are ultimately entitled. See “—The clawback provisions in our governing agreements may give rise to contingent obligations that may require us to return or contribute amounts to our funds and fund investors.”

Our inability to raise new funds or capital for our funds could result in lower management fees and less capital to invest and place pressure on fees and fee arrangements of future funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Our current private equity, real estate and certain other funds and investment vehicles have a finite life and a finite amount of commitments from fund investors. Once a fund nears the end of its investment period, our success depends on our ability to raise additional or successor funds in order to keep making investments and, over the long term, keep earning management fees (although our funds and investment vehicles typically continue to earn management fees after the expiration of their investment periods, they are generally at a reduced rate, calculated on a reduced base or both). Even if we are successful in raising successor funds, to the extent that we are unable to raise successor funds of a comparable size to our predecessor funds without delay, our revenues may decrease as the investment periods of our predecessor funds expire and associated fees decrease. In addition, investors in our public equity funds have the ability to redeem their fund interests and move their capital to other investments; these funds’ management fees and performance allocations would decline if we are unable to raise capital to replace that of redeeming fund investors. We expect to raise significant capital for certain successor funds in the near term, at a time when our competitors, some of whom have substantially larger capital formation teams, are likewise engaged in significant fundraising campaigns, often targeting the same investors. By the time we seek to raise new funds, investors who might otherwise have participated may have already allocated all of their available capital to other funds and therefore be unable to commit to ours. We could struggle to raise successor funds or fresh capital for other reasons beyond our control, including as a result of general economic or market conditions or regulatory changes, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

In addition, certain institutional investors, including sovereign wealth funds and public pension funds, continue to demonstrate an increased preference for alternatives to traditional fund structures, such as managed accounts, specialized funds and co-investment vehicles, and there can be no assurance that historical or current levels of commitments to our funds from these investors will continue. Investors in our funds may decide to move their capital away to other investments for any number of reasons, such as changes in interest rates that make other investments more attractive; poor investment performance; changes in investor perception regarding our focus or alignment of interest, including if we change or broaden of a fund’s investment strategy; reputational concerns; or departures or changes in responsibilities of key investment professionals. In the U.K. and Europe, there has been a shift from defined benefit pension plans to defined contributions plans, which could reduce the amount of assets available for us to manage on behalf of certain of our clients. Additionally, many public pension funds, including in the United States, the U.K. and Europe, are significantly underfunded, and their funding problems have been, and may in the future be, exacerbated by economic downturns. Moreover, certain institutional investors continue to demonstrate a preference to in-source their own investment professionals and

 

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make direct investments in alternative assets without the assistance of investment advisers like us. Such institutional investors may become our competitors and could cease to be our clients.

We have also entered into, and expect to continue to enter into, customized investment programs with select investors, which can take the form of contractual arrangements pursuant to broader strategic relationships, separately managed accounts (“SMAs”) and other bespoke investment structures. In exchange for significant historical and/or future commitments, these arrangements can include the establishment of dedicated vehicles, discounted management fees, reduced performance allocations, the right to participate in co-investment opportunities and knowledge sharing, training and secondment programs. These arrangements could increase the cost of raising capital at the scale and level of profitability we have historically achieved.

Further, certain investors have implemented, or may implement, restrictions against investing in certain types of asset classes, which would affect our ability to raise new funds focused on those asset classes. Countries’ implementation of certain tax measures may also adversely impact our funds’ ability to raise capital from certain investors if these investors decide that it is more tax efficient for them to invest on their own or only in funds with similarly situated investors. See “—Our funds invest in companies that are based outside of the United States, which may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in companies that are based in the United States” and “—Risks Related to Our Industry—Changes in relevant tax laws, regulations or treaties or an adverse interpretation of these items by tax authorities could negatively impact our effective tax rate and tax liability.”

The failure of our funds to raise capital in sufficient amounts and on satisfactory terms could decrease our AUM and revenue and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

A decline in the pace or size of investments by our funds could result in our receiving less revenue from fees.

Our management fee revenue, which will constitute the largest portion of income from our business, will depend on the pace of investment activity in our funds. In many of our funds, during at least a portion, but sometimes all, of such fund’s fee-paying life, we charge management fees based on the amount of capital invested. As a result, the pace at which we make investments, the length of time we hold these investments and the timing of dispositions will directly impact our revenues. Many factors could cause a decline in the pace of investment, including the inability of our investment professionals to identify attractive investment opportunities, competition for such opportunities, decreased availability of capital on attractive terms and our failure to consummate identified investment opportunities because of business, regulatory or legal complexities and adverse developments in the U.S. or global economy or financial markets. In addition, in certain cases a decline in investment value can reduce the invested capital fee base. As a result, the variable pace at which many of our funds invest capital and dispose of investments, and variations in underlying asset value, may cause our management fee revenue to vary from one quarter to the next. We would generally expect a slowdown in investment pace to cause an eventual decline in other sources of revenue such as transaction fees and fees earned by our broker-dealer. Likewise, during attractive selling environments, our funds may capitalize on increased opportunities to exit investments, and an increase in the pace at which our funds exit investments, if not offset by new commitments and investments, would reduce management fees. Additionally, higher fundraising activity also generates incremental expenses and, as new capital commitments may not immediately generate fees, we could incur fundraising related costs ahead of generating revenues.

Our fund investors may be unwilling to commit new capital to our funds as a result of our decision to become a public company, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Some of our fund investors may view negatively the prospect of us becoming a publicly traded company, including concerns that, as a public company, we will shift our focus from the interests of our fund investors to

 

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those of our public stockholders. Because we derive most of our revenues from management fees, which are generally based on the amount of capital committed or invested in our funds, it may be in the interests of our public stockholders for us to strive for near-term profit through growing our AUM, generating additional management fees and thereby improving the returns on our Class A common stock for our public stockholders, regardless of whether there are sufficient opportunities to effectively deploy such additional capital. By contrast, it is typically in the best interests of our fund investors for us to pursue risk-adjusted returns over time and grow our AUM commensurately with capital deployment opportunities. Consequently, some of our fund investors may believe that we will strive for near-term profit instead of superior risk-adjusted returns over time or grow our AUM for the purpose of generating additional management fees without regard to whether we believe there are sufficient investment opportunities to effectively deploy additional capital. We may not succeed in addressing such concerns or in convincing fund investors that our decision to pursue an initial public offering will not affect our longstanding priorities or the way we conduct our business. A decision by a significant number of our fund investors to decline to commit additional capital to our funds or to cease doing business with us altogether could inhibit our ability to achieve our investment objectives and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

We may reduce our AUM, limit its growth, reduce our fees or otherwise alter the terms under which we do business when we deem it to be in the best interest of our fund investors, even when such actions may be contrary to the near-term interests of stockholders.

From time to time if we decide it is in our best interests, we may take actions that could reduce the profits we could otherwise realize in the short term. While we believe that our commitment to treating our fund investors fairly is in the long-term interest of us and our stockholders, we may take actions that could adversely impact our short-term profitability, and there is no guarantee that such actions will benefit us in the long term. The means by which we seek to benefit fund investors to achieve superior investment performance in each of our strategies could include limiting AUM to an amount we believe can be invested appropriately in accordance with our investment mandate and current or anticipated economic and market conditions. Further, we may voluntarily reduce management fee rates and terms for certain of our investors, funds or strategies when we deem it appropriate, even when doing so may reduce our short-term revenue. See “—Risks Related to Our Business—Our inability to raise new funds or capital for our funds could result in lower management fees and less capital to invest and place pressure on fees and fee arrangements of future funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.”

Many of our funds utilize subscription line facilities to fund investments prior to the receipt of capital contributions from the fund’s investors. As using a subscription line facility delays fund capital calls, the investment period of such capital is shortened, which may increase a fund’s reported Gross and Net IRR. However, since interest expense and other costs of borrowings under subscription line facilities are a fund expense, borrowing will reduce the fund’s net multiple of invested capital and may reduce the amount of performance allocations the fund generates. Any reduction in performance allocations will negatively impact our revenues.

We may also take other actions that could adversely impact our short-term results of operations when we deem such action appropriate. For example, we may waive management fees on certain vehicles at various times. We may delay the realization of performance allocations to which we are otherwise entitled if we determine (based on a variety of factors, including the stage of the fund’s life cycle and the extent of fund profits accrued to date) that there would be an unacceptably high risk of potential future clawback obligations, or for other reasons. Any of the foregoing delays could result in a deferral of realized performance allocations to a subsequent period, if they are earned at all. See “—Parts of our revenue, earnings and cash flow are highly variable, which could cause volatility in the price of our Class A common stock.”

 

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Our investors in future funds may negotiate to pay us lower management fees, reimburse us for fewer expenses or change the economic terms to be less favorable to us than those of our existing funds, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

In connection with raising capital for new or existing funds, we negotiate terms with existing and potential investors. These negotiations could result in terms that are materially less favorable to us than the terms of our prior funds. For example, such terms could restrict our ability to raise funds with investment objectives or strategies that compete with existing funds, increase the hurdle required to be generated on investment prior to our right to receive management fees and performance allocations, add expenses and obligations for us in managing funds or increase our potential liabilities. Further, as institutional investors increasingly consolidate their relationships with investment firms and competition becomes more acute, we may receive more requests to modify the terms of our new funds, including reductions in management fees. For example, certain of our newer funds also include more favorable terms for fund investors that commit to early closes for our funds. Any agreement to or changes in terms less favorable to us could result in a material decrease in our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Further, investors increasingly expect to make investments in our funds on customized terms. We may enter into separate agreements and/or create separate vehicles with certain individual investors, which may include, among other things, provisions permitting an investor to opt out of particular investments, discounting an investor’s management fee, reducing our share of performance allocations or granting an investor preferential rights with respect to co-investment opportunities. Any agreement to terms that are more favorable than those set forth in a fund’s governing documents could result in a material decrease in our profitability and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Certain institutional investors have also publicly criticized certain fund fee and expense structures, including management, monitoring and transaction fees and performance allocations. We have received, and expect to continue to receive, requests from a variety of fund investors and groups representing such investors to decrease fees, modify our performance allocations and change incentive fee structures, which could result in a reduction or delay in the timing of receipt of performance allocations we receive and incentive fees we earn. The Institutional Limited Partners Association (“ILPA”) maintains and revises from time to time a set of Private Equity Principles (the “Principles”), which continue to call for enhanced “alignment of interests” between general partners and limited partners through modifications of some of the terms of fund arrangements, including guidelines for performance allocations, fees and fee structures. We endorsed the Principles as an indication of our general support for ILPA’s efforts. Further, the SEC’s focus on certain fund fees and expenses, including whether such fees and expenses were appropriately disclosed to fund limited partners, may lead to increased publicity that could cause fund investors to further resist certain fees and expense reimbursements.

We may not be successful in executing or managing the complexities of new investment strategies or expanding into new markets and businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Our growth strategy is based, in part, on the expansion of our platform through selective investment in, and development or acquisition of, businesses, products and investment strategies complementary to our existing business. The success of our growth strategy will depend on, among other things:

 

   

our ability to correctly identify and create products that appeal to investors;

 

   

how our existing fund investors view any new initiatives;

 

   

mitigating risks that arise from the diversion of management’s time and attention from our existing businesses;

 

   

our ability to properly manage conflicts of interests with our existing businesses;

 

   

minimizing any disruption to our ongoing businesses;

 

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management’s ability to develop and integrate new businesses and the success of the integration efforts;

 

   

our ability to identify and manage any other risks in new lines of businesses;

 

   

our ability to successfully negotiate and enter into beneficial arrangements with new counterparties;

 

   

our ability to implement adequate investment processes, controls and procedures that we have already developed around our existing platforms;

 

   

our ability to successfully enter into markets or businesses in which we may have limited or no experience;

 

   

managing the increased demands on our information systems, operational systems and technology, including related security systems, and infrastructure;

 

   

our ability to achieve expected results or realize expected synergies from newly developed products or strategic alliances;

 

   

our ability to obtain requisite approvals and licenses from relevant governmental authorities and to comply with applicable laws and regulations without incurring undue costs or delays;

 

   

the broadening of our geographic footprint and successfully managing the risks associated with conducting operations in foreign jurisdictions (including regulatory, tax, legal and reputational consequences); and

 

   

our ability to identify and manage risks in new lines of businesses.

In some instances, we may determine that growth in a specific area is best achieved through the acquisition of an existing business. Our ability to consummate an acquisition will depend on our ability to identify and accurately value potential acquisition opportunities and successfully compete for these businesses against companies that may have greater financial resources. Even if we are able to identify and successfully negotiate and complete an acquisition, these transactions can be complex, and we may encounter unexpected difficulties or incur unexpected costs. The following factors, among others, could also limit the success of a firm acquisition:

 

   

difficulties and costs associated with the integration of operations and systems;

 

   

difficulties integrating the acquired business’s internal controls and procedures into our existing control structure;

 

   

difficulties and costs associated with the assimilation of employees; and

 

   

the risk that a change in ownership will negatively impact the relationship between an acquiree and the investors in its investment vehicles.

Historically, we have had, and in the future may have, a new product, business or venture developed internally or by acquisition that proves to be unsuccessful. In those instances, we may decide to wind down, liquidate and/or discontinue those products, businesses or ventures, and we have done so in the past. Such actions could negatively impact our relationships with investors in those businesses, subject us to litigation or regulatory inquiries and expose us to additional expenses, including impairment charges and potential liability from investor or other complaints.

Entry into certain lines of business may subject us to new laws and regulations with which we are not familiar, or from which we are currently exempt, and may lead to increased litigation and regulatory risk and expense. New products or strategies could have different economic structures than our traditional funds and may require a different marketing approach. Our strategic initiatives may include joint ventures, in which case we will be subject to additional risks and uncertainties in that we may be dependent upon, and subject to liability, losses or reputational damage relating to, systems, controls and personnel that are not under our control. There can be

 

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no assurance that any joint venture opportunities will be successful. In addition, to the extent that we distribute products through new channels, including through unaffiliated firms and/or those providing access to retail investors, we may be unable to effectively monitor or control the manner of their distribution. These activities also will impose additional compliance burdens on us, subject us to enhanced regulatory scrutiny and expose us to greater reputation and litigation risk. Further, these activities may give rise to conflicts of interest and related party transaction risks and may lead to litigation or regulatory scrutiny. There can be no assurance that any new product, business or venture we develop internally or by acquisition will succeed.

We are subject to increasing scrutiny from fund investors and regulators on ESG matters, which may constrain investment opportunities for our funds and negatively impact our ability to raise capital from such investors.

Our fund investors, stockholders, regulators and other stakeholders are increasingly focused on ESG matters. Certain fund investors have considered our record of socially responsible investing and other ESG factors in determining whether to invest in our funds. Similarly, certain of our investors use third-party benchmarks or scores to measure our ESG practices and decide whether to invest in our funds. At times, certain investors have conditioned future capital commitments on the taking of or refraining from taking certain actions. Although several of our funds are focused on socially responsible and climate-focused investing, other funds may make investments that fund investors or stockholders view as inconsistent with their ESG standards. If our ESG practices do not meet the standards set by these investors or stockholders, they may choose not to invest in our funds or exclude our Class A common stock from their investments, and we may face reputational challenges by other stakeholders. Further, as part of our ESG practices, we rely on the services and methodologies of Y Analytics, an affiliated public benefit company, and such services and methodologies could prove to be inaccurate. The occurrence of any of the foregoing could negatively impact our ability to raise funds and capital and the price of our Class A common stock.

In addition, there has been increased regulatory focus on ESG-related practices by investment managers and regulators. For example, the SEC has examined the methodology used by ESG funds for determining socially responsible investments, and there is generally a higher likelihood of regulatory focus on ESG matters under the Biden administration. Outside of the United States, the European Commission adopted an action plan on financing sustainable growth, as well as initiatives at the European Union (“EU”) level, such as the SFDR (as defined herein). See “—Risks Related to Our Industry—Regulatory initiatives in jurisdictions outside the United States could negatively impact our business—Sustainable Finance.” Compliance with the SFDR and other ESG-related rules is expected to result in increased legal, compliance, restrictions, reporting and other associated costs and expenses which would be borne by us and our funds. Under these requirements, we may be required to classify certain of our funds and their portfolio companies against certain criteria, some of which can be open to subjective interpretation. Our view on the appropriate classification may develop over time, including in response to statutory or regulatory guidance or changes in industry approach to classification. If regulators disagree with the procedures or standards we use for ESG investing, or new regulations or legislation require a methodology of measuring or disclosing ESG impact that is different from our current practice, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow, as well as our reputation.

Third-party investors in our funds have the right under certain circumstances to remove the general partner of the fund, terminate commitment periods or dissolve the funds, and investors in certain of our funds may redeem their investments at any time after an initial holding period, each of which could lead to a substantial decrease in our revenues.

If we, as the general partner, managing member or management company, or certain “key persons” engage in certain forms of misconduct, the governing agreements of our funds generally allow the investors of those funds to, among other things, remove the general partner, terminate the commitment period and/or dissolve the fund. Certain of those events may happen upon the affirmative vote of a specified percentage of limited partner interests entitled to vote, whereas others may happen automatically absent a limited partner vote to waive the

 

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event. In addition, our funds generally have the ability to terminate their agreements with the relevant management companies for any reason. Moreover, if certain “key persons” fail to devote the requisite time and attention to managing the fund, the fund’s commitment period will generally be automatically suspended for 60 days and then terminate unless a majority in interest of the fund’s investors elect to continue the commitment period. While we believe that our investment professionals have appropriate incentives to remain in their respective positions based on equity ownership, profit participation and other contractual provisions, there can be no guarantee of the ongoing participation of our investment professionals in respect of our funds. If a general partner is removed, we would no longer be involved in the management or control of the fund, and there could be no assurance regarding the fund’s ability to consummate investment opportunities and manage portfolio companies. In addition, if a general partner is removed for certain bad acts, the amount of accrued performance allocations we would otherwise receive will be subject to a significant reduction. In the event that a fund is dissolved prematurely, it may be required to dispose of its investments at a disadvantageous time or make in-kind distributions.” Although we periodically engage in discussions with fund investors and/or advisory committees of our funds regarding a waiver of such provisions or replacement of relevant key persons with respect to executives whose departures have occurred or are anticipated, such waiver or replacement is not guaranteed. Such an event with respect to any of our funds would likely result in significant reputational damage to us and could negatively impact our future fundraising efforts, cause us to agree to less favorable ongoing terms with respect to the affected fund or have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

If we are required to liquidate fund investments at a disadvantageous time as a result of dissolution, management fees and performance allocations would terminate, and we could ultimately realize lower-than-expected return on the investments and, perhaps, on the fund itself. We do not know whether, or under what circumstances, our funds’ investors are likely to exercise such right.

In a declining market, the pace of redemptions and consequent AUM reduction could accelerate. The decrease in revenues that would result from significant redemptions in these funds could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

In addition, because our funds generally have an adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”), each fund’s management agreement must require the fund’s consent for any “assignment” of the agreement, which may be deemed to occur in the event the investment advisers of our funds were to experience a change of control. Failure to obtain consent may constitute a violation of the management agreement. A change of control typically occurs if there is a transfer of more than 25% of the voting securities of an investment adviser or its parent. There can be no assurance that a change of control will not occur and that we will obtain the consents required to assign our investment management agreements. See “—A change of control of our company could result in an assignment of our investment advisory agreements.”

Parts of our revenue, earnings and cash flow are highly variable, which could cause volatility in the price of our Class A common stock.

The portion of our revenues, earnings and cash flow we derive from performance allocations is highly variable and can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year. The timing of performance allocations generated by our funds is uncertain and will contribute to the volatility of our results. It takes a substantial period of time to identify attractive investment opportunities, to raise the necessary funds and then to realize the investment through a sale, public offering, recapitalization or other exit. Even if an investment proves to be profitable, it may be several years before we realize any profits in cash or other proceeds. We cannot predict when, or if, any realization of an investment will occur. Generally, with respect to our private equity funds, although we recognize performance allocations on an accrual basis, we receive performance allocation payments only upon disposition of an investment by the relevant fund, which contributes to the volatility of our cash flow. If our funds were to have a realization event in a particular quarter or year, it may have a significant impact on our results for that particular quarter or year that may not be replicated in subsequent periods. We recognize revenue on investments in our funds based on our allocable share of realized and unrealized gains (or

 

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losses) reported by such funds, and a decline in realized or unrealized gains, or an increase in realized or unrealized losses, would adversely affect our revenue, which could further increase the volatility of our results.

The timing and receipt of performance allocations also vary with the life cycle of certain of our funds. Our funds that have completed their investment periods and are able to realize mature investments are more likely to make larger distributions than our funds that are in their fundraising or earlier parts of their investment periods. During times when a significant portion of our AUM is attributable to funds that are not in the stage when they would realize investments, we may receive substantially lower performance allocation distributions.

The historical returns attributable to our funds should not be considered as indicative of the future results of us or our funds or any returns expected on an investment in our Class A common stock.

We have presented in this prospectus information relating to the historical performance of our funds. The historical returns of the funds that we manage, however, are not an indication of future fund performance or potential returns on our Class A common stock. In addition, any continued positive performance of our funds will not necessarily result in positive returns on an investment in our Class A common stock, though we would expect poor fund performance to cause a decline in our revenue from such funds that could, consequently, negatively impact our ability to raise funds and capital and the value of our Class A common stock.

Moreover, with respect to the historical returns of our funds:

 

   

we may create new funds in the future that reflect a different asset mix, different investment strategies and varied geographic and industry exposure compared to our current funds, and any such new funds could have different returns than our existing or previous funds;

 

   

the historical returns that we present in this prospectus derive largely from the performance of our existing funds, whereas future fund returns will depend increasingly on the performance of our newer funds or funds not yet formed, which may have little or no realized investment track record, may be invested by different investment professionals, and may have lower target returns than our existing funds;

 

   

the performance of our funds reflects our valuation of the unrealized investments held in those funds using assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, but the actual realized return on these investments will depend on a variety of factors including future operating results and the value of assets and market conditions at the time of disposition, each of which may differ from the assumptions on which the valuations are based, which could negatively impact the ultimate value we realize from those investments;

 

   

in recent years, there has been increased competition for investment opportunities resulting from, among other things, the increased amount of capital invested in alternative funds, high liquidity in debt markets and strong equity markets, and increased competition for investments could reduce our returns in the future;

 

   

the rates of returns of some of our funds in certain years have been positively influenced by a number of investments that experienced rapid and substantial increases in value following the dates on which those investments were made, which may not occur with respect to future investments;

 

   

our funds’ returns in some years have benefited from investment opportunities and general market conditions, including a low interest rate environment, that may not repeat themselves, and our current or future funds may be unable to avail themselves of comparable investment opportunities or market conditions;

 

   

market conditions during previous periods may have been significantly more favorable for generating positive performance, particularly in our private equity business, than current market conditions or the market conditions that we may experience in the future; and

 

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newly established funds may generate lower returns during the period that they take to deploy their capital.

Our financial performance depends in part on the investment performance of our funds, which in turn is influenced by general market conditions. Increased market volatility, including broad declines in equity valuations, would impact our investments and the performance of our funds. As an example, the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant and broad-based decline in equity markets: between December 31, 2019 and March 31, 2020 the S&P 500 declined by 20%, and in that same period the unrealized value of our funds declined by 13%. We believe that future volatility in general market conditions would affect both of our funds’ performance and our financial performance.

Our recent performance has benefited from high multiples and asset prices. A decline in multiples or asset prices, or an overall deterioration in market conditions, could make it more difficult to earn such returns on new investments. The future returns of any current or future fund may therefore vary considerably from the historical returns generated by any particular fund or our funds as a whole. Future returns will also be affected by the risks described elsewhere in this prospectus, including risks of the industries and businesses in which a particular fund invests.

Our investments in portfolio companies and the financial performance of our funds and their portfolio companies could negatively impact results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Our funds’ performance, and thus our performance, depends on the value of our funds’ portfolio companies and other investments. Our funds invest in companies in many different industries, each of which is subject to volatility based on a variety of economic, market and other factors. Typically, our funds’ performance will not be meaningfully impaired by the poor performance of a limited number of portfolio companies. However, if several of a fund’s portfolio companies are performing poorly, it could negatively impact the fund’s performance, and we have limited resources to assist portfolio companies experiencing financial difficulties, such as unsustainable levels of indebtedness, contractual or legal constraints and industry headwinds. Risks that could negatively impact the financial performance of our funds and their portfolio companies and otherwise impact our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow include:

 

   

Business, Regulatory or Legal Complexity: We often pursue investment opportunities with substantial business, regulatory or legal complexity that we believe may deter other investment managers. Portfolio companies acquired in such transactions can be more challenging to manage and sometimes entail a greater risk of contingent liabilities.

 

   

Control: Our funds often invest in equity securities and other financial instruments of companies we do not control. In the future, our funds may acquire minority equity interests more frequently or dispose of a portion of majority equity investments in portfolio companies over time in a manner that results in the funds retaining a minority stake. Minority investments are subject to the risk that the company in which our funds invest may make business, financial or management decisions with which we do not agree or that the company’s majority stockholders or the management may take risks or otherwise act in a manner that does not serve our funds’ interests, each of which could decrease the value of our funds’ investments and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. In addition, our funds’ portfolio companies make decisions regarding tax positions, which we may not control, that could result in additional tax costs to us.

 

   

Junior Ranked Investments: In most cases, the portfolio companies in which our funds invest have, or are permitted to have, outstanding indebtedness or equity securities that rank senior to our funds’ investments. In the event of insolvency of a portfolio company, holders of securities ranking senior to our investment would typically be entitled to receive payment in full (and, in some cases, plus interest) before distributions could be made in respect of our investment. Furthermore, during periods of financial distress or following an insolvency, the ability of our funds to influence a portfolio company’s

 

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affairs and to take actions to protect their investments may be substantially less than that of the senior creditors.

 

   

Concentration of Fund Investments: The governing agreements of our funds generally contain only limited investment restrictions and limited requirements as to diversification of fund investments, either by geographic region or asset type. For example, we manage funds that invest predominantly in North America and Asia. During periods of difficult market conditions or slowdowns in these sectors or geographic regions, decreased revenue, difficulty in obtaining access to financing and increased funding costs experienced by our funds may be exacerbated by this concentration of investments, which would result in lower investment returns for our funds. Such concentration may increase the risk that events affecting a specific geographic region or asset type will have a negative or disparate impact on such funds compared to funds that invest more broadly.

Valuation methodologies for certain fund assets may involve subjective judgments, and our valuation of an investment could differ significantly from the value that is obtained upon the investment’s exit, which could result in significant losses for us and our funds.

There are no readily ascertainable market prices for a substantial majority of our funds’ illiquid investments. We generally determine the fair value of the investments of our funds in accordance with GAAP.

Our valuations of illiquid assets in accordance with GAAP will be based to a large extent on our estimates, comparisons and qualitative evaluations of private information, which can be incomplete or inaccurate. The amount of judgment and discretion inherent in valuing assets renders valuations uncertain and susceptible to material fluctuations over possibly short periods of time; substantial write-downs and earnings volatility are possible. Our determination of an investment’s fair value may differ materially from the value that would have been determined if a ready market for the securities had existed and the valuations the general partners of other funds or other third parties ascribe to the same investment. Our valuation of an investment at a measurement date may also differ materially from the value that is obtained upon the investment’s exit.

Further, although we follow valuation methodologies and procedures designed to ensure that our fair value determinations are the product of the application of GAAP and to minimize potential bias, we may have incentives to arrive at higher valuations. Our stockholders’ equity could be negatively impacted if the values of investments that we record are materially higher than the values that are ultimately realized upon the disposal of the investments. Realizations at values significantly lower than the values at which investments have been reflected in prior fund reporting could result in losses for the applicable fund and the loss of potential performance and other fees. Additionally, if realizations of our investments produce values materially different than the carrying values reflected in prior fund reporting, fund investors may lose confidence in us, which could in turn result in difficulty in raising capital for future funds or redemptions from our funds that permit redemptions. If the investment values that we record from time to time are not ultimately realized, it could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

In addition, because we typically value our entire portfolio on a quarterly basis, subsequent events that may have a significant impact on those valuations may not be reflected until the next quarterly valuation date. Changes in values attributed to investments from quarter to quarter may result in volatility in our AUM and could materially affect the results of operations that we report from period to period.

The due diligence process that we undertake in connection with our investments may not reveal all facts that may be relevant in connection with an investment.

Before making our investments, we conduct due diligence that we deem reasonable and appropriate based on the facts and circumstances applicable to each investment opportunity. The objective of the due diligence process is to identify both the attractive attributes of and risks associated with an investment as well and prepare

 

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a framework that may be used from the date of acquisition to drive operational improvement and value creation. When conducting due diligence, we may need to evaluate important and complex business, financial, regulatory, tax, accounting, environmental and legal issues. Outside consultants, legal advisors, accountants and investment banks, as well as Y Analytics, may be involved in the due diligence process in varying degrees depending on the type of investment.

When conducting due diligence and assessing an investment, we rely on the resources available to us, including information from the target and, in some circumstances, third-party investigations and analysis. The information available to us in conducting due diligence of newly-organized or growth stage companies is limited, and we limit the due diligence we conduct for certain of our strategies to publicly available information. Accordingly, the due diligence investigation that we carry out with respect to an investment opportunity may not reveal or highlight all relevant facts that may be necessary or helpful in evaluating it. For example, the due diligence process in connection with carve-out transactions may underestimate the complexity and/or level of dependence a business has on its parent company and affiliated entities. In addition, because a carve-out business often does not have financial statements that accurately reflect its true financial performance as a stand-alone business, due diligence assessments of such investments can be particularly difficult. Instances of fraud, accounting irregularities and other improper, illegal or deceptive practices can be difficult to detect, and fraud and other deceptive practices can be widespread in certain jurisdictions. Several of our funds invest in emerging market countries that may not have laws and regulations that are as stringent or consistently enforced as in more developed nations. For example, our funds invest throughout jurisdictions that are perceived to present an elevated risk of corruption according to international rating standards (such as Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index), and in companies in the United States and other jurisdictions and regions with low perceived risk of corruption but whose business may be conducted in other high-risk jurisdictions, including, for example, Bangladesh, Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Myanmar, Nigeria, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. See “Business—Our Market Opportunity—Increasing International Diversification.” Due diligence on investment opportunities in these jurisdictions is frequently more complicated due to lack of consistent and uniform commercial practices and/or very limited access to information. Bribery, fraud, accounting irregularities and deceptive or corrupt practices can be especially difficult to detect in such locations.

In addition, investment opportunities may involve companies that have historic and/or unresolved regulatory-, tax-, fraud- or accounting-related investigations, audits or inquiries and/or have been subject to public accusations of improper behavior (including bribery and corruption). Even specific, enhanced due diligence investigations with respect to such matters may not reveal or highlight all facts and circumstances that may be relevant to evaluating the investment opportunity and/or accurately identifying and assessing settlements, enforcement actions and judgments that could arise and have a material adverse effect on the portfolio company’s operations, financial condition, cash flow, reputation and prospects. Our due diligence investigations may not result in us making successful investments. Although our funds typically obtain representation and warranties insurance, such insurance may not be available on desired terms. Failure to identify risks associated with our investments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Many of our funds invest in relatively high-risk, illiquid assets, and we may fail to realize any profits from these activities for a considerable period of time or lose some or all of the principal amount we invest.

Many of our funds invest in securities that are not publicly traded. In many cases, contracts we enter into or applicable securities laws prohibit our funds from selling such securities for a period of time. Our funds will generally be unable to sell these securities publicly unless we register their sale under applicable securities laws or we can rely on an available exemption, and in either case only at such times when we do not possess material non-public information. Our funds’ ability to dispose of investments is heavily dependent on the capital markets, particularly, the public equity markets. For example, our ability to realize any value from an investment may depend upon our ability to complete an initial public offering. However, even with publicly traded securities, we may only dispose of large holdings over a substantial length of time, exposing our investment returns to market

 

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risk during the intended disposition period. Moreover, because the investment strategy of many of our funds often entails us serving on our funds’ public portfolio company boards, our funds may be restricted from selling during certain time periods. Accordingly, our funds may be forced, under certain conditions, to either sell securities at a loss or defer, potentially for a considerable period of time, sales that they had planned to make.

In addition, market conditions and regulatory environment can also delay our funds’ exit and realization of investments. For example, rising interest rates and challenging credit markets may make it difficult for potential buyers to raise sufficient capital to purchase our funds’ investments. Government policies, or restrictions on foreign investment in certain of our funds’ portfolio companies or assets can also limit our funds’ exit opportunities.

Our funds invest in companies that are based outside of the United States, which may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in companies that are based in the United States.

Many of our funds generally invest a significant portion of their assets in the equity or other securities of issuers located outside the United States, including (in order of concentration as of September 30, 2021) India, China, Australia, Singapore, other Pan-Asian countries, Korea and Europe. Investments in non-U.S. securities or companies that are based or have operations in countries outside of the United States, or otherwise generate revenue or have other touchpoints outside of the United States, involve certain factors not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies, including risks relating to:

 

   

currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in currency exchange rates and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another;

 

   

less developed or efficient financial markets, which could lead to price volatility and relative illiquidity;

 

   

the absence of uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, practices and disclosure requirements and less government supervision and regulation;

 

   

changes in laws or clarifications to existing laws that could create tax uncertainty;

 

   

a less developed legal or regulatory environment, differences in the legal and regulatory environment or enhanced legal and regulatory compliance;

 

   

greater levels of bribery, corruption and politically exposed persons;

 

   

potential exposure to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) and other laws that prohibit improper payments or offers of payments for commercial bribery purposes or to foreign governments, their officials and other third parties;

 

   

violations of trade sanctions or trade control regimes (including those that are maintained and enforced by U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (“OFAC”));

 

   

political hostility to investments by foreign or private equity investors, including increased risk of government expropriation;

 

   

reliance on a more limited number of commodity inputs, service providers and distribution mechanisms;

 

   

higher rates of inflation;

 

   

higher transaction costs;

 

   

less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers;

 

   

less developed or non-uniform bankruptcy, limited liability company, corporate, partnership and other laws (which may have the effect of disregarding or otherwise circumventing limited liability structures, potentially causing the actions or liabilities of one fund or portfolio company to adversely impact us or an unrelated fund or portfolio company);

 

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difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations;

 

   

less stringent requirements relating to fiduciary duties;

 

   

fewer investor protections and less publicly available information about a company;

 

   

limitations on borrowings to be used to fund acquisitions or dividends;

 

   

potential limitations on the deductibility of interest for income tax purposes;

 

   

limitations on permissible transaction counterparties or consolidation rules that effectively restrict the types of businesses in which we may invest;

 

   

economic and political risks, including potential exchange control regulations, restrictions on repatriation of profits on investments or of capital invested, nationalization, expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxation and political, economic or social instability; and

 

   

the imposition of non-U.S. taxes or withholding on income and gains recognized with respect to such securities and potential non-U.S. tax filing requirements.

For a more detailed discussion of risks specific to China, see “—Changes in China’s governmental policies could have an adverse effect on our business and Operations.”

In addition, restrictions on international trade or the recent or potential further imposition of tariffs may negatively impact investments in non-U.S. Companies. See “—Ongoing trade negotiations and the potential for further regulatory reform may create regulatory uncertainty for us, our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies and our investment strategies and negatively impact the profitability of our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies.” For example, the tax authorities in certain countries, including certain EU member states, have sought to deny the benefits of income tax treaties or EU directives with respect to withholding taxes on interest and dividends and capital gains of non-resident entities. These various proposals and initiatives could result in an increase in taxes and/or increased tax withholding with respect to our fund investors. Adverse developments along these lines could negatively impact the assets we hold in certain countries or the returns from these assets.

Ongoing trade negotiations and the potential for further regulatory reform in the U.S. and abroad may create regulatory uncertainty for us, our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies and our investment strategies and negatively impact the profitability of our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies.

Since March 2018, the United States has imposed, or threatened to impose, a series of various tariffs on a variety of goods imported into the United States, with an emphasis on those imported from China and the EU. These new tariffs, or other changes in U.S. trade policy, have resulted in, and may continue to trigger, retaliatory actions by affected countries, particularly China. While the United States and China signed a preliminary trade deal in January 2020 halting further tariffs and increasing sales of U.S. goods to China, the agreement leaves in place most tariffs on Chinese goods.

The U.S. government has also implemented and expanded a number of economic sanctions programs and export controls that target Chinese entities and nationals on national security grounds and has imposed restrictions on the acquisition of interests in the securities of certain Chinese entities. These initiatives target, for example, China’s response to political demonstrations in Hong Kong, China’s conduct concerning the treatment of Uighurs and other ethnic minorities in its Xinjiang province and certain Chinese entities designated by the U.S. government as Communist Chinese military companies, among other things.

Tensions globally remain elevated and the path of future trade policy and further permanent trade agreements with China are still unclear. A “trade war” or other governmental action related to tariffs or international trade agreements or policies has the potential to increase costs, decrease margins, reduce the competitiveness of products and services offered by current and future portfolio companies and negatively impact the revenues and profitability of companies whose businesses rely on goods imported from or exported to any country impacted by such policies. In addition, tariff increases may negatively impact our suppliers and certain other customers of our funds’ portfolio companies, which could amplify the negative impact on our operating results or future cash flows.

 

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Changes in China’s governmental policies could have an adverse effect on our business and operations.

Investments in companies with significant Chinese operations can involve a high degree of risk and special considerations that are not always associated with investing in other markets. For example, investing in China may involve a risk of loss due to the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments or repatriation of capital. The Chinese government maintains a major role in setting economic policy, often making sudden changes to laws and regulations, including through the issuance of guidance or enforcement, possibly with retroactive effect. For example, in recent months, the Chinese government has changed policies regulating certain industries, including the education and technology sectors. While our funds have limited exposure to companies in those industries, the Chinese government could at any time adopt similar measures with respect to any of the multiple sectors across which we invest. Any changes in laws and regulations governing those sectors may reduce opportunities for our funds to make, exit and realize value from, and realize expected returns on, our investments in China. The industries in which our funds invest, and the material risks associated with these respective industries, include:

 

   

Software: The Chinese government has enacted cybersecurity laws (including the Cyber Security Law, Data Security Law and Individual Information Protection Law), and the Chinese government may promulgate more detailed guidelines on data localization and data security compliance for firms that are currently, or plan to be, listed in foreign jurisdictions. Such laws and guidelines may limit options for our funds’ exit from such firms.

 

   

Media and Financial Technology: The Chinese government has increased scrutiny of, and restrictions on, the media and financial technology industries, including by proposing rules barring private investments from news gathering and distribution operations or live streaming events that may sway political and public opinion. These restrictions could constrain the operation and profitability of firms in those industries, and therefore, negatively impact our funds’ investments in those sectors.

 

   

Consumer Goods: China has recently enforced stringent regulations (including but not limited to the latest amendment to the Juvenile Protection Law, which came into effect on June 1, 2021) “to protect the physical and mental health of minors,” including significant limitations on the use of online gaming and private tutoring services for young adults and teenagers in China. These regulations could constrain the operation and profitability of firms in those industries, and therefore, negatively impact our funds’ investments in those sectors.

 

   

Healthcare: The Chinese government has been promoting volume-based purchasing of medicine and medical devices as a way to reduce medical costs for the public. Any such reforms may adversely affect our funds’ investments in the Chinese healthcare sector.

In addition, certain of our portfolio companies in China implement variable interest entity (“VIE”) structures. Instead of directly owning the equity securities of a Chinese company, a VIE enters into service and other contracts with the Chinese company that provide the VIE with economic exposure to it. Although the VIE does not own any of the Chinese company’s equity, the contractual arrangements permit the VIE to consolidate it in its financial statements. We invest in VIE structures constructed by our funds’ portfolio companies to access foreign capital, which structures replicate foreign investment in Chinese-based companies where, for example, Chinese law prohibits direct foreign investments in the operating companies. Our funds therefore do not directly hold equity interests in the Chinese operating company when a VIE structure is used. Intervention by the Chinese government with respect to VIEs, including disallowing the structure altogether (as the media has reported, with the China Securities Regulatory Commission issuing a contradicting statement), could significantly affect the Chinese operating company’s performance and the enforceability of the VIE’s contractual arrangements with the Chinese company and result in a decline in the value of our funds’ investment.

Further, unlike in many other jurisdictions, the Chinese judiciary is not independent and may not be able to provide effective legal redress challenging Chinese authorities’ policy changes. Legal disputes over such policy changes may be subject to the exercise of considerable discretion or influence by Chinese governmental agencies

 

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or the governing political party, and factors unrelated to the legal merits of a particular matter may influence their determination. Continued uncertainty relating to the laws in China and the application of the laws could have a material adverse effect upon our, our funds’ and their portfolio companies’ operation in China. While none of our funds invests exclusively in China and our current investments in companies headquartered, listed or expected to be listed in Mainland China and Hong Kong represent less than 6% of our AUM, our funds invest in various companies that operate globally, including in China, and thus could be subject to Chinese authorities’ policy changes. We also maintain and intend to continue to maintain multiple offices, personnel and investments in various sectors in China. Therefore, the materialization of any of the foregoing risks could have an adverse effect on the financial performance of our portfolio companies that operate in China and thus negatively affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Risk management activities may not be successful and, in some cases, may negatively impact the return on our and our funds’ investments.

When managing our exposure to market risks, we may (on our own behalf or on behalf of our funds) from time to time use forward contracts, options, swaps, caps, collars and floors or pursue other strategies or use other forms of derivative instruments (over the counter, or “OTC,” and otherwise) to limit our exposure to changes in the relative values of investments that may result from market developments, including changes in prevailing interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodity prices. The scope of risk management activities undertaken by us varies based on the level and volatility of interest rates, the prevailing foreign currency exchange rates, the types of investments that are made and other changing market conditions. We do not seek to hedge our exposure in all currencies or all investments, which means that our exposure to certain market risks are not limited. The use of hedging transactions and other derivative instruments to reduce the effects of a decline in the value of a position does not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the value of the position or prevent losses if the value of the position declines. Moreover, it may not be possible to limit the exposure to a market development that is so generally anticipated that a hedging or other derivative transaction cannot be entered into at an acceptable price. The success of any hedging or other derivative transaction generally will depend on our ability to correctly predict market changes, the degree of correlation between price movements of a derivative instrument and the position being hedged, the creditworthiness of the counterparty and other factors. As a result, while we may enter into such a transaction in order to reduce our exposure to market risks, the transaction may result in poorer overall investment performance than if it had not been executed. Such transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the value of a hedged position increases. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in connection with hedging activities and price movements in a position being hedged may vary. For various reasons, we may not seek to establish, or be successful in establishing, a perfect correlation between the instruments used in hedging or other derivative transactions and the positions being hedged. An imperfect correlation could prevent us from achieving the intended result and give rise to a loss. Further, it may not be possible to fully or perfectly limit our exposure against all changes in the value of our and our funds’ investments because the value of investments is likely to fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, some of which will be beyond our control or ability to hedge.

Operational risks, including those associated with our business model, could disrupt our businesses, result in losses or limit our growth.

We operate businesses that are highly dependent on information systems and technology. We rely heavily on a host of computer software and hardware systems, including our financial, accounting and other data processing systems, and on the systems of third parties who provide services to us. If any of these systems do not operate properly or experience a security breach, we could suffer financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to our funds, regulatory intervention and fines and reputational damage. For example, we face operational risk from errors made in the execution, confirmation or settlement of transactions, as well as errors in recording, evaluating and accounting for them. Our and our third-party service providers’ information systems and technology may be unable to accommodate our growth or adequately protect the information of our individual fund investors, for new products and strategies or address security risks, and the cost of maintaining

 

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such systems and technology may increase from our current level. Such a failure to accommodate growth, or an increase in costs related to such information systems and technology, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. We are also dependent on an increasingly concentrated group of third-party software vendors that we do not control for hosting solutions and technologies. A disaster or a disruption in technology or infrastructure that supports our businesses, including a disruption involving electronic communications or other services used by us, our vendors or third parties with whom we conduct business, including custodians, paying agents and escrow agents, or directly affecting our principal offices, could negatively impact our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Our business continuation or disaster recovery programs may not be sufficient to mitigate the harm that could result from such a disaster or disruption, and insurance and other safeguards may only partially reimburse us for our losses, if at all. Furthermore, we utilize cloud applications and services for the asset management business, and such applications and systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from computer viruses, data corruption, cyber-based attacks, unauthorized access, natural disasters, pandemics, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, terrorism, war and telecommunication and electrical failures. Any disruption in the operation of the information systems and technology or cloud applications and services on which we rely could negatively impact our business, and such risk of disruption could be heightened during the COVID-19 pandemic. See “—The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economies and has impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our business and our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.”

Failure to maintain the security of our information and technology networks or data security breaches could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

We rely on the reasonably secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other sensitive information in our computer systems and networks, and those of our service providers and their vendors. We are subject to various risks and costs associated with the collection, handling, storage and transmission of personally identifiable information and other sensitive information, including those related to compliance with U.S. and foreign data collection and privacy laws and other contractual obligations, as well as those associated with the compromise of our systems processing such information. In the ordinary course of our business, we collect, store a range of data, including our proprietary business information and intellectual property, and personally identifiable information of our employees, our fund investors and other third parties, in our cloud applications and on our networks, as well as our services providers’ systems. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information are critical to our operations. We, our service providers and their vendors face various security threats on a regular basis, including ongoing cybersecurity threats to and attacks on our and their information technology infrastructure that are intended to gain access to our proprietary information, destroy data or disable, degrade or sabotage our systems. Cyber-incident techniques change frequently, may not immediately be recognized and can originate from a wide variety of sources. There has been an increase in the frequency, sophistication and ingenuity of the data security threats we and our service providers face, with attacks ranging from those common to businesses generally to those that are more advanced and persistent. Although we and our services providers take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, theft, misuse, computer viruses or other malicious code, including malware, and other events that could have a security impact. We may be the target of more advanced and persistent attacks because, as an alternative asset manager, we hold a significant amount of confidential and sensitive information about, among other things, our fund investors, portfolio companies and potential investments. We may also be exposed to a more significant risk if these acts are taken by state actors. Any of the above cybersecurity threats, fraudulent activities or security breaches suffered by our service providers and their vendors could also put our confidential and sensitive information at risk or cause the shutdown of a service provider on which we rely. We and our employees have been and expect to continue to be the target of fraudulent calls and emails, the subject of impersonations and fraudulent requests for money, including attempts to redirect material payment amounts in a transaction to a fraudulent bank account, and other forms of spam attacks, phishing or other social engineering, ransomware or other events. Cyber-criminals may attempt to redirect payments made at the closings of our investments to unauthorized accounts,

 

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which we or our services providers we retain, such as paying agents and escrow agents, may be unable to detect or protect against. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated these risks due to heavier reliance on online communication and the remote working environment, which may be less secure, and there has been a significant increase in hacking attempts by cyber-criminals. The costs related to cyber or other security threats or disruptions may not be fully insured or indemnified by others, including by our service providers. If successful, such attacks and criminal activity could harm our reputation, disrupt our business, cause liability for stolen assets or information and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

We rely heavily on our back office informational technology infrastructure, including our data processing systems, communication lines, and networks. Although we have back-up systems and business-continuation plan in place, our back-up procedures and capabilities in the event of a failure or interruption may not be adequate. Any interruption or failure of our informational technology infrastructure could result in our inability to provide services to our clients, other disruptions of our business, corruption or modifications to our data and fraudulent transfers or requests for transfers of money. Further consequences could include liability for stolen assets or information, increased cybersecurity protection and insurance costs and litigation. We expect that we will need to continue to upgrade and expand our back-up and procedures and capabilities in the future to avoid disruption of, or constraints on, our operations. We may incur significant costs to further upgrade our data processing systems and other operating technology in the future.

Further, we provide certain back office services, such as information and technology, accounting and human resources services, to Sixth Street Partners, our former affiliate (the “former affiliate”), which could pose additional risks. We manage back office services for our former affiliate using the same processes and procedures as our internal services, which may result in increased risk of inadvertent data sharing between us and our former affiliate due to human error. In addition, as we do not provide such services to other third parties, these risks may be heightened if we fail to effectively carry out our obligations or implement and maintain appropriate compliance procedures. For example, we could face liability under a transition services agreement with our former affiliate in connection with our failure to maintain appropriate back office services and support, and we may be exposed to material non-public information that may restrict our ability to make investments and execute our business strategy. See “—Our business activities and the business activities of certain of our personnel may give rise to a conflict of interest with our funds, and our failure to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business—Information barriers.”

Our technology, data and intellectual property and the technology, data and intellectual property of our funds’ portfolio companies are also subject to a heightened risk of theft or compromise to the extent that we and our funds’ portfolio companies engage in operations outside the United States, particularly in those jurisdictions that do not have comparable levels of protection of proprietary information and assets, such as intellectual property, trademarks, trade secrets, know-how and customer information and records. In addition, we and our funds’ portfolio companies may be required to forgo protections or rights to technology, data and intellectual property in order to operate in or access markets in a foreign jurisdiction. Any such direct or indirect loss of rights in these assets could negatively impact us, our funds and their investments.

A significant actual or potential theft, loss, corruption, exposure or fraudulent, unauthorized or accidental use or misuse of investor, employee or other personally identifiable or proprietary business data could occur, as a result of third-party actions, employee malfeasance or otherwise, non-compliance with our contractual or other legal obligations regarding such data or intellectual property or a violation of our privacy and security policies with respect to such data. If such a theft, loss, corruption, use or misuse of data were to occur, it could result in significant remediation and other costs, fines, litigation and regulatory actions against us by (i) the U.S. federal and state governments, (ii) the EU or other jurisdictions, (iii) various regulatory organizations or exchanges and (iv) affected individuals, as well as significant reputational harm.

Cybersecurity has become a top priority for regulators around the world. Many jurisdictions in which we operate have laws and regulations relating to data privacy, cybersecurity and protection of personal information

 

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and other sensitive information, including, without limitation the General Data Protection Regulation (Regulation (EU) 2016/679) (the “GDPR”) in the EU and the Data Protection Act 2018 in the U.K. (the “U.K. Data Protection Act”), comprehensive privacy laws enacted in California, Colorado and Virginia, the Hong Kong Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance, the Korean Personal Information Protection Act and related legislation, regulations and orders and the Australian Privacy Act. China and other countries have also passed cybersecurity laws that may impose data sovereignty restrictions and require the localization of certain information. We believe that additional similar laws will be adopted in these and other jurisdictions in the future, further expanding the regulation of data privacy and cybersecurity. Such laws and regulations strengthen the rights of individuals (data subjects), mandate stricter controls over the processing of personal data by both controllers and processors of personal data and impose stricter sanctions with substantial administrative fines and potential claims for damages from data subjects for breach of their rights, among other requirements. Some jurisdictions, including each of the U.S. states as well as the EU through the GDPR and the U.K. through the U.K. Data Protection Act, have also enacted laws requiring companies to notify individuals of data security breaches involving certain types of personal data, which would require heightened escalation and notification processes with associated response plans. We expect to devote resources to comply with evolving cybersecurity and data privacy regulations and to continually monitor and enhance our information security and data privacy procedures and controls as necessary. We or our fund’s portfolio companies may incur substantial costs to comply with changes in such laws and regulations and may be unable to adapt to such changes in the necessary timeframe and/or at reasonable cost. Furthermore, if we experience a cybersecurity incident and fail to comply with the applicable laws and regulations, it could result in regulatory investigations and penalties, which could lead to negative publicity and may cause our fund investors and clients to lose confidence in the effectiveness of our security and privacy measures.

Our funds’ portfolio companies also rely on data processing systems and the secure processing, storage and transmission of information, including payment and health information. A disruption or compromise of these systems could negatively impact the value of these businesses. Our funds may invest in strategic assets having a national or regional profile or in infrastructure, the nature of which could expose them to a greater risk of being subject to a terrorist attack or security breach than other assets or businesses. Such an event could negatively impact our investment or assets of the same type or require portfolio companies to increase preventative security measures or expand insurance coverage.

The materialization of one or more of these risks could impair the quality of our and our funds’ operations, harm our reputation, negatively impact our businesses and limit our ability to grow.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economies and has impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our business and our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

In 2020, the global outbreak of COVID-19 spread to every country and every state in the United States. The World Health Organization designated COVID-19 as a pandemic, and numerous countries, including the United States, declared national emergencies with respect to COVID-19. While vaccines have been approved and are slowly being deployed, the global impact of the outbreak continues to adversely affect many industries, and different geographies continue to reflect the effects of public health restrictions in various ways. The timing and likelihood of achieving widespread global vaccination remain uncertain, and these vaccines may be less effective against new variants, potentially leading people to continue to self-isolate and not participate in the economy at pre-pandemic levels for a prolonged period of time.

The economic recovery following the impact of COVID-19 is only partially underway and has been gradual, uneven and characterized by meaningful dispersion across sectors and regions with uncertainty regarding its ultimate length and trajectory. Further, although many jurisdictions had relaxed or lifted restrictions in an effort to generate more economic activity, the risk of continued COVID-19 outbreaks remains, and jurisdictions have begun to re-impose restrictions in an effort to mitigate risks to public health, especially as more infectious

 

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variants of the virus emerge. Increasing infection rates and hospitalizations in certain geographies and a potential resulting market downturn have resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to impact our business and our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

 

   

Portfolio Company Performance. Some of our investments in industries materially impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic experienced material reductions in value. In particular, many portfolio companies in the healthcare, travel, entertainment, hospitality, student housing, real estate and retail industries faced, and some continue to face, operational and financial hardships resulting from the spread of COVID-19 and related governmental measures imposed to contain the virus, such as closure of stores, restrictions on travel, quarantines or stay-at-home orders. If the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic continue, the businesses of these portfolio companies could suffer materially or become insolvent, which would decrease the value of our funds’ investments and potentially harm our reputation.

 

   

Portfolio Company Liquidity. Certain portfolio companies are facing, or may face in the future, increased credit and liquidity risk due to volatility in financial markets, reduced revenue streams and limited or higher cost of access to preferred sources of funding, which could result in potential impairment of our or our funds’ investments. For example, tenants leasing real estate or other properties owned by our funds or our funds’ portfolio companies may not be able to pay rents in a timely manner or at all, resulting in a decrease in value of our funds’ investments and lower than expected returns. Changes in the debt financing markets have impacted, or may in the future impact, the ability of our funds’ portfolio companies to meet their respective financial obligations. See “—Risks Related to Our Indebtedness—Changes in the debt financing markets or higher interest rates could negatively impact the ability of certain of our funds and their investments to obtain attractive financing or re-financing and could increase the cost of such financing if it is obtained, which could lead to lower-yielding investments and could potentially decrease our net income.”

 

   

Operational Risks. Continued travel restrictions, closures of non-essential businesses or shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders may continue to make it difficult and costly for our investment teams to conduct due diligence and consummate the acquisition and disposition of investments for our funds. In addition, our global employee base has generally been working remotely since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This extended period of remote working by our employees has introduced operational risks, including technology availability and heightened cybersecurity risk. While we have taken steps to secure our networks and systems, remote working environments are generally less secure and more susceptible to hacking attacks, including phishing and social engineering attempts that seek to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic. Our data security, data privacy, investor reporting and business continuity processes could also be impacted by a third party’s inability to perform due to the COVID-19 pandemic or by failures of, or attacks on, their information systems and technology. These risks could impair our accounting and financial reporting systems, processes and controls.

 

   

Employee-Related Risks. COVID-19 continues to present a significant threat to our employees’ well-being and morale. Our key persons or executive officers have in the past contracted and may in the future contract the virus, rendering them unable to perform their duties for an extended period of time, and we may therefore experience a potential loss of productivity. The same could be said of the employees in our funds’ portfolio companies, as well as our third-party service providers. We strive to maintain a work environment that promotes our culture of collaboration, motivation and alignment of interests with our fund investors and stockholders. The long-term effects of an extended remote work environment during the COVID-19 pandemic are unclear and may negatively impact our culture and therefore the connectivity and productivity of our employees. Although our employees continue to collaborate across offices and geographies, the informal office interactions that contribute to our culture have generally ceased, and it is harder to integrate new employees into the firm in a remote working environment.

 

   

Regulatory and Litigation Risks. Costly litigation could increase in connection with merger and acquisition transactions as parties to such transactions explore ways to avoid transactions by the

 

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assertion of claims of force majeure, material adverse change in the condition of target investments and/or fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

   

Taxation Risk as a Result of Mobility Challenges. As a result of travel restrictions, shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders and other COVID-19-related measures, many of our staff are unable to travel for physical meetings and/or have been displaced working remotely outside of their normal work location. This may create tax uncertainty for our corporate entities and our people as well as our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies. Ultimately, these risks could lead to increased levels of taxation and additional compliance complexities.

In addition to the foregoing, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated, and may continue to exacerbate, many of the other risks described in this prospectus.

We and our funds are subject to risks in using third-party service providers, including custodians, administrators, executing brokers, prime brokers and other agents.

We and many of our funds depend on the services of custodians, administrators, prime brokers and other agents and third-party service providers to carry out certain securities transactions and other business functions. Errors and mistakes made by these third parties may be attributed to us and subject us or our fund investors to reputational damage, penalties or losses. We may be unsuccessful in seeking reimbursement or indemnification from these third-party service providers.

Furthermore, in the event of the insolvency of a custodian and/or prime broker, our funds may be unable to recover equivalent assets in full as they will rank among the custodian’s and prime broker’s unsecured creditors in relation to assets it borrows, lends or otherwise uses. In addition, a custodian or prime broker may not segregate our funds’ cash from its own cash, and our funds therefore may rank as unsecured creditors in relation to that cash. The inability to recover assets from the custodian or prime broker could have a material adverse effect on our and our funds’ results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. Counterparties have generally reacted to recent market volatility by tightening their underwriting standards and increasing their margin requirements for all categories of financing, which has the result of decreasing the overall amount of leverage available and increasing the costs of borrowing. Many of our funds have credit facilities, and if a lender under one or more of these credit facilities were to become insolvent, we could have difficulty replacing the credit facility and one or more of our funds may face liquidity problems.

The counterparty to one or more of our or our funds’ contractual arrangements could default on its obligations under the contract. Default risk may arise from events or circumstances that are difficult to detect, foresee or evaluate. In addition, concerns about, or a default by, one large market participant could lead to significant liquidity problems for other market participants, which could in turn expose us to significant losses. If a counterparty defaults, we and our funds may be unable to take action to cover the exposure and could incur material losses and legal and reputational damages. We may not accurately anticipate the impact of market stress or counterparty financial condition and, as a result, we could take insufficient action to reduce these risks effectively, which, if left unmitigated, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

The consolidation and elimination of counterparties may increase our concentration of counterparty risk. Our funds generally are not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating any or all of their transactions with one counterparty. In particular, our public equity funds utilize prime brokerage arrangements with a relatively limited number of counterparties, which has the effect of concentrating the transaction volume (and related counterparty default risk) of these funds with these counterparties.

 

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Our business activities and the business activities of certain of our personnel may give rise to conflicts of interest with our funds, and our failure to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business.

As we have expanded and continue to expand the number and scope of our businesses, we increasingly confront actual, potential or apparent conflicts of interest relating to our funds’ investment activities. The following discussion describes certain of these actual, potential or apparent conflicts of interest and how we intend to manage them. If we are unable to successfully manage conflicts of interest relating to our funds’ investment activities, fund investors may decrease their commitments to future funds, we could be subject to lawsuits or regulatory enforcement actions or we could face other adverse consequences and reputational harm, all of which could cause our and our funds’ performance to suffer and thus adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. The following summary is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all conflicts or their potential consequences. Identifying potential conflicts of interest is complex and fact-intensive, and it is not possible to foresee every conflict of interest that will arise.

Allocation Procedures and Principles. Conflicts of interest may exist regarding decisions about the allocation of specific investment opportunities among us and our funds and the allocation of fees and costs among us, our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies. Certain inherent conflicts of interest arise from the fact that:

 

   

we provide investment management services to more than one fund;

 

   

our funds often have overlapping investment strategies and objectives, including co-investing funds and funds that invest alongside other funds; and

 

   

we could choose to allocate an investment to more than one fund or to allocate an entire investment opportunity to a single fund when the “duty to offer” provisions in our fund documents are not determinative of allocation.

When making allocation decisions, we are guided by our contractual obligations to our various funds, as well as our allocation procedures and principles. For each allocation decision, we first apply the “duty to offer” provisions of the relevant partnership agreements, the other constitutive documents of the relevant funds and other binding contractual obligations. Many, though not all, of our funds have “duty to offer” provisions, and these provisions are customized for each fund in light of its mandate. Historically, applying the “duty to offer” provisions has tended to result in the identification of a single fund to pursue an investment opportunity. That is, we often conclude that an investment opportunity falls within the “duty to offer” of a single fund and not any of our other funds, based on it being suitable for, and satisfying the other “duty to offer” criteria of, that fund alone. If this is the case with a particular investment, the single fund in question would be allocated the opportunity and our other funds would not participate. However, in some circumstances, which have grown in frequency as we have developed both new and existing investment platforms, the “duty to offer” provisions are not determinative. This could occur, for instance, if a particular opportunity falls within the “duty to offer” of multiple funds, each of which is interested in pursuing it or if none of the funds interested in pursuing a particular opportunity has a “duty to offer.” In these cases, where an investment opportunity is not contractually required to be allocated to a particular fund or such opportunity may otherwise be contractually allocated to more than one of our funds, we allocate an investment opportunity in accordance with our allocation principles. These principles reflect factors that we determine in good faith to be fair and reasonable. An allocation decision may result in a single fund being allocated an entire investment opportunity, or in multiple funds sharing an investment opportunity on a basis approved by the Allocation Committee (as defined below).

We expect our allocation principles, and procedures more generally, to change over time, including during the commitment periods of our funds. We have established a committee, which we refer to as the “Allocation Committee,” to apply our allocation principles and make allocation decisions in situations where the investment interests of multiple funds overlap. The application of our allocation principles is a fact-intensive exercise. While we base our allocation decisions on the information available to us at the time, this information may prove, in retrospect, to be incomplete or otherwise flawed.

 

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In making an allocation decision, additional conflicts of interest will arise. Specifically, because our funds have different fee, expense and profit-sharing structures, we have an incentive to allocate an investment opportunity to the fund that would generate higher management fees or performance allocations. In addition, our professionals will generally participate indirectly in investments made by the funds in which they invest. We do not explicitly take such considerations into account in making allocation decisions and expect that our procedures and principles will help mitigate the risk that these incentives implicitly influence our allocation decisions.

Conflicts of interest may also arise in the determination of what constitutes fund-related expenses and the allocation of such expenses between the funds we manage and us. We employ the same procedures and principles described above when allocating fees and expenses incurred in connection with “broken deals,” or potential investments that we actively consider but do not consummate. That is, we generally make fee and expense allocation decisions while a transaction is pending based on our best judgment of the fund or funds to which we will ultimately allocate the transaction. This judgment is necessarily subjective, especially when a transaction is terminated at an early stage. When we abandon an opportunity, absent a factual development to the contrary, we will allocate the fees and expenses for such transaction to such fund or funds. As with our other allocation decisions, our allocation procedures and principles are designed to help mitigate the risk that financial incentives implicitly influence the allocation of broken deal fees and expenses.

From time to time, we will have the option to offer fund investors, senior advisors or other third parties (including investors in other funds) the opportunity to invest alongside our funds, or “co-invest,” in an investment a fund is making either directly or through a TPG-controlled vehicle established to invest in one or more co-investment opportunities. Our fund documents typically do not mandate specific allocations with respect to co-investments. Our funds’ investment advisers may have an incentive to provide potential co-investment opportunities to certain investors in lieu of others and/or in lieu of an allocation to our funds (including, for example, as part of an investor’s overall strategic relationship with us) if such allocations are expected to generate relatively greater fees or performance allocations than would arise if such co-investment opportunities were allocated otherwise.

Shared investments. We expect more than one of our funds to make investments in the same portfolio company from time to time. In many such cases, the funds will co-invest lockstep, with both funds making and exiting the shared investment at the same time and on substantially the same terms. In some situations, however, the funds will have different entry timing in the same portfolio company, acquire the same security on different terms and/or invest in different parts of the portfolio company’s capital structure. In these cases, each fund’s views of the investment and its interests may diverge. This could cause one fund to dispose of, increase its exposure to or continue to hold the investment at a time when the other fund has taken a different approach. As a result, the actions of one fund could affect the value of the other fund’s investment. For instance, a sale by a fund of its investment could put downward pressure on the value of the remaining fund’s interest.

Investing throughout the corporate capital structure. Our funds invest in a broad range of asset classes throughout the corporate capital structure, including preferred equity securities and common equity securities and, occasionally, loans and debt securities; and certain of our funds also engage in short selling. In certain cases, we may manage separate funds that invest in different parts of the same company’s capital structure. Similarly, one fund may be “long” a company that another fund is “short.” Decisions taken by one fund in these circumstances to further its interests may be adverse to the interests of another fund. In those cases, the interests of our funds may not be aligned, which could create actual or potential conflicts of interest or the appearance of such conflicts.

Competition and conflicts among TPG businesses. Given the breadth of our portfolio across platforms, our funds may invest in a competitor or customer of, or service provider or supplier to, a portfolio company of another fund, which could give rise to a variety of conflicts of interest. For example, a fund or its portfolio company may take actions for commercial reasons that have adverse consequences for another fund or its portfolio company, such as seeking to increase its market share at the portfolio company’s expense (as a

 

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competitor), withdrawing business from the portfolio company in favor of a competitor that offers the same product or service at a more competitive price (as a customer), increasing prices in lockstep with other enterprises in the industry (as a supplier) or commencing litigation against the fund portfolio company (in any capacity). Our funds are under no obligation to take into account another fund’s interests in advising their portfolio companies or otherwise managing their assets.

Information barriers. Our funds, investment platforms and people regularly obtain non-public information regarding target companies and other investment opportunities. Since we do not currently maintain permanent information barriers among our businesses, we generally impute non-public information received by one investment team to all other investment professionals, including all of the personnel who make investments for our funds. In the event that any of our funds or people obtain confidential or material non-public information, we and our funds may be restricted in acquiring or disposing of investments. Notwithstanding the maintenance of restricted securities lists and other internal controls, the internal controls relating to the management of material non-public information could fail and result in us, or one of our people, buying or selling a security while, at least constructively, in possession of material non-public information. Inadvertent trading on material non-public information could negatively impact our reputation, result in the imposition of regulatory or financial sanctions and, consequently, negatively impact our ability to provide our investment management services to our funds and clients. These risks are heightened by the existence of our “inside-the-wall” public equity funds, and the public equity funds are subject to a broad restricted securities list, which may limit its investment opportunities. In limited circumstances, we erect temporary information barriers to restrict the transfer of non-public information, which limit our funds’ abilities to benefit from TPG expertise and could be breached, resulting in the same restrictions on their investment activities. Additionally, in connection with providing services under a transition services agreement to our former affiliate, we and/or the former affiliate could be exposed to material non-public information held by the former affiliate or us, as applicable, which could further restrict our ability to acquire or dispose of investments.

Further, we could be required by certain regulations, or decide that it is advisable, to establish permanent information barriers, which would impair our ability to operate as an integrated platform, limit management’s ability to manage our investments and reduce potential synergies across our businesses. The establishment of information barriers may also lead to operational disruptions and result in restructuring costs, including costs related to hiring additional personnel as existing investment professionals are allocated to either side of a barrier.

Broker-dealer and other affiliated service providers. TPG Capital BD, an underwriter in this offering, is an affiliate of ours that is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member of FINRA. TPG Capital BD performs services that include those described below. See “—Our broker-dealer’s capital markets activities expose us to risks that, if they materialize, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.” We expect the types of capital markets services we provide to evolve in light of market developments and industry trends.

TPG Capital BD and related entities typically receive compensation for the services we provide in connection with these capital markets activities. Depending on the nature of the transaction, the fund, the portfolio company or other parties to the transaction will pay the fee to TPG Capital BD or a related entity. Any compensation we receive for providing capital markets services typically will not, in accordance with the fund governing documents, offset the management fee or require the consent of investors or any advisory committee.

While we believe that our internal capital markets capabilities help maximize value for our funds, our ability to utilize TPG Capital BD or a related entity in connection with the foregoing transactions gives rise to conflicts of interest. In general, we have an incentive to retain, or to exercise our control or influence over a portfolio company’s management team so that it retains TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) or otherwise transacts with TPG Capital BD instead of other unaffiliated broker-dealers or counterparties. For instance, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) could take the place of another investment bank in the syndicate underwriting a securities offering or act as the sole or lead financial institution on a transaction instead of a third-party bank. When

 

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involved in a particular transaction, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity) has the incentive to seek higher fees or other favorable terms from a fund, the portfolio company or other counterparties, as well as to structure a transaction so that it benefits certain fund investors or other third parties that are of strategic importance. For example, TPG Capital BD could influence the placement of portfolio company securities or debt instruments so that investors who are sizeable investors in multiple of our funds or who pay TPG Capital BD a placement fee receive an allocation ahead of others. To the extent that our capital markets personnel face competing demands for their time and attention, we have an incentive to devote our limited capital markets resources to portfolio companies and transactions that would generate the highest fee for TPG Capital BD (or related entities). Our employees who provide capital markets services are under no obligation to prioritize the interests of a fund or its investors in determining how to allocate their time across various projects within our firm.

Potential performance allocation-related conflicts. Since the amount of performance allocations allocable to the general partners of our funds depends on the funds’ performance, we have an incentive to recommend and, as the general partner, cause our funds to make more speculative investments than they would otherwise make in the absence of such performance-based allocation. We may also have an incentive to cause a fund, as its general partner, to dispose of investments at a time and in a sequence that would generate the most performance allocations, even if it would not be in the fund’s interest to dispose of the investments in that manner. Further, under amendments to U.S. tax law pursuant to Public Law Number 115-97, formerly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”), capital gain in respect of a general partner’s distributions of performance allocations from certain of our funds will be treated as short-term capital gain unless the fund holds the relevant investment for more than three years, as opposed to the general rule that capital gain from the disposition of investments held for more than one year is treated as long-term capital gain. This may create an incentive to cause the fund to hold a fund’s investments for longer periods in order for the gain from their dispositions to qualify for capital gain treatment under the new performance allocation rules, even if it would be in the fund’s interest to hold the investments for shorter periods. Consequently, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with investment decisions, including regarding the identification, making, management, disposition and, in each case, timing of a fund’s investments, and we may not realize the most tax efficient treatment of our performance allocations generated by all of our funds going forward.

In addition, since our investment professionals have an interest in the performance allocations made by our funds, our investment professionals may have an incentive to recommend investments and realizations that maximize the amount of performance allocations rather than management fees. Further, because RemainCo will be entitled to a portion of our funds’ performance allocations, we, in certain circumstances, will have less of an interest in such performance allocations than our investment professionals who also hold economic interests in RemainCo. Similarly, because our senior leadership team holds economic interests in RemainCo, they may have an incentive to recommend that we allocate investments to certain funds or create new funds that contribute a higher percentage of performance allocations to RemainCo, which may be contrary to our interests. See also “—Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure and this Offering—The historical and pro forma financial information and related notes in this prospectus may not permit you to assess our future performance, including our costs of operations” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—RemainCo Performance Earnings Agreement.”

Use of subscription line facilities by our funds. Most of our funds obtain subscription line facilities to, among other things, facilitate investments. Our funds’ subscription line facilities generally allow revolving borrowings up to a specified principal amount that is determined based in part on the relevant fund’s capital commitments and the lenders’ assessment of the creditworthiness of its investors, and subscription line facilities are typically secured by pledges of the general partner’s right to call capital from, and receive amounts funded by, the funds’ investors. Subscription line facilities may be entered into on a cross-collateralized basis with the assets of the funds’ parallel funds, certain other funds and their respective alternative investment vehicles and allow borrowings by portfolio companies or other investment entities. The applicable entities party to the subscription line facility may be held jointly and severally liable for the full amount of the obligations arising out of such facility. If a fund obtains a subscription line facility, the fund’s working capital needs will, in most

 

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instances, be satisfied through borrowings under the subscription line facility. As a result, capital calls are expected to be conducted in larger amounts on a less frequent basis in order to, among other things, repay borrowings and related interest expenses due under such subscription line facilities.

We have incentives to engage in fund-level borrowing notwithstanding the expense and risks that accompany it. For example, we may present certain performance metrics in a fund’s periodic reports and marketing materials. These performance metrics measure investors’ actual cash outlays to, and returns from, our funds and thus depend on the amount and timing of investor capital contributions to the fund and fund distributions to its investors. To the extent that a fund uses borrowed funds in advance or in lieu of calling capital, investors make correspondingly later or smaller capital contributions. Also, borrowing to make distributions of proceeds from an investment enables fund investors to receive distributions earlier. As a result, the use of borrowed funds generally results in the presentation of higher performance metrics than simply calling capital, even after accounting for the attendant interest expense.

Fund-level borrowing can also affect the preferred return fund investors receive and the performance allocations the general partner receives, as preferred return and performance allocations generally depend on the amount and timing of capital contributions and distributions of proceeds. In particular, the preferred return generally begins to accrue after capital contributions are due (regardless of when the fund borrows, makes the relevant investment or pays expenses) and ceases to accrue upon return of these capital contributions. Borrowing funds to shorten the period between calling and returning capital limits the amount of time the preferred return will accrue. Since we do not pay preferred returns on funds borrowed in advance or in lieu of calling capital, fund level borrowing will therefore reduce the amount of preferred return to which the fund investors would otherwise be entitled had we called capital.

Conflicts of interest with our partners, directors, senior advisors, professionals or business partners could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business.

Our arrangements with our partners, directors, senior advisors, professionals and business partners could give rise to additional conflicts of interest. If we fail, or appear to fail, to appropriately deal with these conflicts of interest, it could harm our reputation and negatively impact our business.

Potential conflicts of interest with our personnel, partners, directors or senior advisors. One or more committees of our board of directors, excluding any directors who may have an interest or involvement, will review and address, as appropriate, certain actual or perceived conflicts of interest involving, among others, our executive officers or directors. Other than as may be provided in the non-competition, non-solicitation and confidentiality obligations contained in employment or other agreements with our personnel, which may not be enforceable or may involve costly litigation, our partners, directors and senior advisors are not prohibited from engaging in other businesses or activities, including those that might be in direct competition with us or our funds’ portfolio companies. However, our code of conduct and ethics will contain a conflicts of interest policy that provides that directors and officers must strive to identify and avoid conflicts of interest with the Company. Additionally, our related person transactions policy will require the review and approval by one or more committees of our board of directors, excluding any directors who may have an interest or involvement, of certain transactions involving us and our directors, executive officers, 5% or greater stockholders and other related persons as defined under the policy. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Related Person Transactions Policy” below. Nevertheless, potential or perceived conflicts could lead to investor dissatisfaction, harm our reputation or result in litigation or regulatory enforcement actions.

In addition, senior advisors are not employees and thus generally are not subject to restrictions and conditions that relate specifically to our employees and affiliates. Senior advisors often make personal investments in portfolio companies alongside our funds, and our funds are not prohibited from investing in portfolio companies in which senior advisors hold existing material investments. Similarly, our funds may co-invest in portfolio companies alongside funds that senior advisors manage or invest in portfolio companies in

 

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which such funds have an existing material investment. One of our senior advisors serves as Co-Managing Partner of one of our funds and Chief Investment Officer of another fund, and we believe that the expertise of all of our senior advisors benefits our funds. However, conflicts of interest or the appearance of such conflicts may arise in connection with investment decisions for funds in which our partners and senior advisors, are personally invested. For example, we typically determine the amount of compensation that will be paid to senior advisors even when our funds or their portfolio companies ultimately pay or reimburse us for such compensation. The close business or personal relationships that we have with some senior advisors give us less incentive to negotiate with a prospective senior advisors for a lower level of compensation. Moreover, the appropriate level of compensation for a senior advisor can be difficult to determine, especially if the expertise and services he or she provides are unique and/or tailored to the specific engagement. Similarly, these unique and/or tailored specific engagements with our senior advisors can be difficult to manage. See “—Risks Related to Our Industry—Extensive regulation of our businesses affects our activities and creates the potential for significant liabilities and penalties. Increased regulatory focus on the alternative asset industry or legislative or regulatory changes could result in additional burdens and expenses on our business.”

Activities and compensation of our operation and business building professionals. We engage operations and business building professionals to assist our investment team in creating value in our portfolio. Some of these professionals are our employees, and others are consultants. The activities and compensation of these individuals vary depending on whether they are “Operations Group” professionals, “Field Operations” professionals or senior advisors. The manner in which we engage an individual as a member of the TPG Operations team can give rise to conflicts of interest. For example, we determine in our discretion and subject to applicable law whether to engage a professional as an employee or as a consultant. Sometimes, a professional is initially engaged as a consultant and later transitions to employee status on account of changes in circumstances. Conversely, sometimes a professional is initially an employee and later becomes a consultant. Our determination regarding whether to engage a professional as either an employee or a consultant can give rise to conflicts of interest because, in general, except with respect to certain in-house, foreign office and specialized operational services, the compensation costs for our employees are borne by us, whereas compensation costs for consultants could be paid by us, a fund or a portfolio company, as described above. Where an operations professional is performing specialized operational services for a fund or portfolio companies, we are often allowed to be reimbursed for the costs of those services, regardless of whether the professional providing the service is our employee or a consultant.

Strategic business partners. We have also formed and expect to continue to form relationships with third-party strategic partners so that our funds can take advantage of their expertise, often in particular industries, sectors and/or geographies. These strategic partners often have close business relationships with us and provide services that are similar to, and that may overlap with, services we provide to our funds, including sourcing, conducting due diligence on or developing potential investments, as well as structuring, managing, monitoring and disposing of investments. We determine the compensation of our strategic partners on a case-by-case basis, which creates a conflict of interest in that we have an incentive to structure compensation under strategic business partnerships so that the fund (and hence its investors) bears the costs (directly or indirectly) instead of us. In addition, as with senior advisors, our close business relationship with a strategic partner gives us less incentive to negotiate with that strategic partner for a lower level of compensation.

Interest of our professionals in our funds. Our professionals generally participate indirectly in investments made by our funds. While we believe this helps align the interests of our professionals with those of the funds’ other investors and provides a strong incentive to enhance fund performance, these arrangements also give rise to conflicts of interest. For example, our professionals have an incentive to influence the allocation of an attractive investment opportunity to the fund in which they stand to personally earn the greatest return, although the involvement of a substantial number of professionals in our investment review process mitigates this. Some of our professionals also have personal investments in entities that are not affiliated with us, such as funds managed by other sponsors that may be competing for the same investment opportunities or acquire an investment from, or dispose of an investment to, one of our funds, which likewise gives rise to conflicts of interest.

 

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Certain of our senior advisors and members of our board of directors have family offices in addition to providing services to TPG. If we fail to maintain appropriate compliance procedures or deal appropriately with potential conflicts between the personal financial interests of such senior advisors and directors and our interests, it could subject us to regulatory and investor scrutiny or have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Certain of our senior advisors and directors have family offices in addition to providing services to TPG. The investment activities of such family offices, and the involvement of our senior advisors and directors in these activities, may give rise to potential conflicts of interest between the personal financial interests of such senior advisors and directors and the interests of us or any stockholder. For example, our senior advisors and directors may face competing demands for their time and attention and may have an incentive to devote their resources to the investments of their family offices. Family offices may also compete with us for investment opportunities. Further, one of our senior advisors serves as Co-Managing Partner of one of our funds and Chief Investment Officer of another fund and has a limited ability to selectively co-invest alongside certain of our funds, including in some cases, by investing amounts otherwise allocable to TPG. Further, in certain instances, he may invest in different parts of a portfolio company’s capital structure, and decide when to exit such investments, which may be at a different time than when we or our funds exit. These co-investments, while currently limited to a maximum of 0.2% to 3% of the amount of the TPG fund’s investment, depending on the fund, may reduce or slow the deployment of a fund’s capital, as well as reduce the amount of capital we may co-invest alongside our funds. In addition, we reimburse our senior advisors for certain expenses incurred by them (and, in the case of one of our senior advisors, his office) in connection with their service to TPG, and the determination of what constitutes fund-related expenses and the allocation of such expenses between the funds we manage and us involves judgment. While members of our board of directors and certain of our senior advisors are subject to our policies and procedures, including with respect to sharing confidential information, independent family offices and independent wealth managers are not. Our failure to adequately mitigate these conflicts and risks and make proper judgments could give rise to regulatory and investor scrutiny.

Because members of our senior leadership team will own a significant indirect economic interest in us, and hold their economic interest through other entities, conflicts of interest may arise between them and holders of shares of our Class A common stock or us.

Upon completion of this offering and the Reorganization, members of our senior leadership team will indirectly own 51.1% of the outstanding Common Units (or 50.8% if the underwriters exercise their option in this offering to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full), and, together with our other partners and professionals, the Promote Units. They will hold substantially all of their economic interest in the TPG Operating Group primarily through TPG Partner Vehicles (rather than through ownership of shares of our Class A common stock), and for each Common Unit owned, they will own one share of our Class B common stock. Further, GP LLC initially will, prior to the Sunset, have the right to vote our Class B common stock held by TPG Group Holdings. Therefore, GP LLC, which will be owned by entities owned by Messrs. Bonderman, Coulter and Winkelried, will initially have 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock. See “Organizational Structure—The Reorganization.” As a result of their indirect economic interest in us, the members of our senior leadership team may have interests that do not align with, or that conflict with, those of the holders of Class A common stock or with us, and conflicts of interest may arise among such members of our senior leadership team, on the one hand, and us and/or the holders of our Class A common stock, on the other hand. For example, members of our senior leadership team will have different tax positions from Class A common stockholders, which could influence their decisions regarding whether and when to dispose of assets, whether and when to incur new or refinance existing indebtedness, and whether and when we should terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement and accelerate the obligations thereunder. In addition, the structuring of future transactions and investments may take into consideration the members’ tax considerations even where no similar benefit would accrue to us. Pursuant to the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015, for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, if the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) makes audit adjustments to the TPG Operating Group’s federal income tax returns, it may assess and collect any taxes (including any applicable penalties and

 

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interest) resulting from such audit adjustment directly from the applicable TPG Operating Group partnership. If, as a result of any such audit adjustment, any TPG Operating Group partnership is required to make payments of taxes, penalties and interest, such partnership’s cash available for distributions to us may be substantially reduced. These rules are not applicable to the TPG Operating Group partnerships for tax years beginning on or prior to December 31, 2017. We have agreed with GP LLC that the TPG Operating Group partnerships will not make any elections that would result in the IRS pursuing the partners of such partnerships for such taxes owed for periods ending on or prior to December 31, 2021 (assuming this offering occurs on or prior to January 31, 2022) without consent of (i) a majority of the holders of Common Units and (ii) TPG Group Holdings.

Our post-offering compensation and incentive model may give rise to conflicts of interest between our public stockholders and our management and certain other affiliates.

In connection with the implementation of our post-offering compensation and incentive model and to further align partner interests with the investment performance of our funds, we intend to increase the share of performance allocations available to our partners and professionals. In order to ensure adequate performance allocation distributions are available under the new program during a three-year transition period following this offering, we can increase the performance allocation distributions that would otherwise be made under the program by up to $40 million per year by commensurately reducing the performance allocation that would otherwise be distributable to RemainCo, if the amount otherwise available under the new discretionary performance allocation program is less than $110 million, $120 million and $130 million in calendar years 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively. Such “Performance Allocation Increases,” if any, will be determined by our CEO not to exceed such shortfall plus $10 million, subject to an annual cap of $40 million. To the extent the foregoing amounts are insufficient to satisfy the Performance Allocation Increase for such years, RemainCo will loan the shortfall to one or more TPG Partner Vehicles (with an obligation by such entities to repay the loan out of future performance allocations). Because our CEO, senior leadership team and Pre-IPO Investors hold certain economic interests in RemainCo, our CEO’s decision regarding a Performance Allocation Increase could be influenced by interests that do not align with, or that conflict with, those of our public stockholders. To the extent the Performance Allocation Increases are not made and other performance allocations are insufficient to ensure an adequate amount of cash is received by our partners and professionals, we may not be able to adequately retain or motivate our investment professionals.

Our real estate funds’ portfolio investments are subject to the risks inherent in the ownership and operation of real estate and real estate-related businesses and assets.

Our real estate funds’ portfolio investments are subject to the risks inherent in the ownership and operation of real estate and real estate-related businesses and assets, including the deterioration of real estate fundamentals. These risks include those highlighted elsewhere as well as:

 

   

those associated with the burdens of ownership of real property;

 

   

changes in supply of and demand for competing properties in an area (e.g., as a result of overbuilding);

 

   

the financial resources of tenants;

 

   

changes in building, environmental, zoning and other laws;

 

   

casualty or condemnation losses;

 

   

various uninsured or uninsurable risks;

 

   

changes in the way real estate is occupied as a result of pandemics or other unforeseen events;

 

   

the reduced availability of mortgage funds, or other forms of financing, including construction financing which may render the sale or refinancing of properties difficult or impracticable;

 

   

increase in insurance premiums and changes to the insurance market;

 

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environmental liabilities;

 

   

acts of god, natural disasters, pandemics, terrorist attacks, war and other factors that are beyond our control; and

 

   

dependence on local operating partners and/or management teams that manage our real estate investments.

Our real estate funds’ portfolio investments will be subject to various risks that cause fluctuations in occupancy, rental rates, operating income and expenses or that render the sale or financing of the funds’ portfolio investment properties difficult or unattractive. For example, following the termination or expiration of a tenant’s lease, there could be a period of time before a funds’ portfolio investment will begin receiving rental payments under a replacement lease. During that period, the portfolio investments (and indirectly, the funds) will continue to bear fixed expenses such as interest, real estate taxes, maintenance and other operating expenses. In addition, declining economic conditions could impair the portfolio investments’ ability to attract replacement tenants and achieve rental rates equal to or greater than the rents paid under previous leases. Increased competition for tenants would require the portfolio investments to make capital improvements to properties that we would not otherwise have planned. Any unbudgeted capital improvements that a fund undertakes may divert cash that would otherwise be available for distribution to investors. To the extent that the portfolio investments are unable to renew leases or re-let spaces as leases expire, decreased cash flow from tenants will result, which would adversely impact the relevant fund’s returns.

In addition, if our real estate funds’ portfolio investments acquire direct or indirect interests in undeveloped land or underdeveloped real property, which may often be non-income producing, they will be subject to the risks normally associated with such assets and development activities, including risks relating to the availability and timely receipt of zoning and other regulatory or environmental approvals, the cost and timely completion of construction (including risks beyond our or our funds’ control, such as weather or labor conditions or material shortages) and the availability of both construction and permanent financing on favorable terms. Our real estate funds may also make investments in residential real estate projects and/or otherwise participate in financing opportunities relating to residential real estate assets or portfolios thereof from time to time, which may be more highly susceptible to adverse changes in prevailing economic and/or market conditions and present additional risks relative to the ownership and operation of commercial real estate assets. The strategy of our real estate funds may be based, in part, on the availability for purchase of assets at favorable prices followed by the continuation or improvement of market conditions or on the availability of refinancing, and there can be no assurance that the real estate businesses or assets can be acquired or disposed of at favorable prices or that refinancing will be available. Further, the success of certain investments will depend on the ability to modify and effect improvements in the operations of the applicable properties, and there can be no assurance that we or our funds will be successful in identifying or implementing such modifications and improvements.

Additionally, lenders in commercial real estate financing customarily require a “bad boy” guarantee, which typically provides that the lender can recover losses from the guarantors for certain bad acts, such as fraud or intentional misrepresentation, intentional waste, willful misconduct, criminal acts, misappropriation of funds, voluntary incurrence of prohibited debt and environmental losses sustained by lender. For our acquisitions, “bad boy” guarantees would generally be extended by our funds. “Bad boy” guarantees also typically provide that the loan will be a full personal recourse obligation of the guarantor for certain actions, such as prohibited transfers of the collateral or changes of control and voluntary bankruptcy of the borrower. We expect that commercial real estate financing arrangements generally will require “bad boy” guarantees and, in the event that such a guarantee is called, a fund’s or our assets could be negatively impacted. Moreover, “bad boy” guarantees could apply to actions of the joint venture partners associated with the investments, and, in certain cases, the acts of such joint venture partner could result in liability to our funds or us under such guarantees.

The acquisition, ownership and disposition of real properties carry certain specific litigation risks. Litigation may be commenced with respect to a property acquired in relation to activities that took place prior to the

 

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acquisition of such property. In addition, at the time of disposition, other potential buyers may bring claims related to the asset or for due diligence expenses or other damages. After the sale of a real estate asset, buyers may later sue our funds or us for losses associated with latent defects or other problems not uncovered in due diligence.

We or our funds may also be subject to certain risks associated with investments in particular real estate-related assets. Real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) may be affected by changes in the value of their underlying properties and defaults by borrowers or tenants, and changes in tax laws or by a failure to qualify for tax-free pass through income could impair a REIT’s ability to generate cash flows to make distributions. Qualification as a REIT also depends on a REITs ability to meet various requirements imposed by the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), which relate to organizational structure, diversity of stock ownership, and certain restrictions with regard to the nature of their assets and the sources of their income. If a REIT fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates, and applicable state and local taxes, which would reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to its stockholders.

Investments in real estate debt investments may be unsecured and/or subordinated to a substantial amount of indebtedness and may not be protected by financial covenants. Non-performing real estate loans may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations and/or modification, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial write-down of the principal of such loan. Investments in commercial mortgage loans are subject to risks of delinquency, foreclosure and loss of principal. In the event of any default under a mortgage loan held directly by us or one of our funds, we or our fund will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral and the principal and accrued interest of the loan. Investments in distressed assets or businesses may have little or no near-term cash flow, involve a high degree of risk and, if subject to bankruptcy or insolvency, could be subordinated or disallowed.

Our public equity platforms subject us to numerous additional risks.

Our public equity platform, TPG Public Equity Partners (“TPEP”), invests in the public equity markets and is subject to numerous additional risks, including the following:

 

   

Certain public equity funds may engage in short selling, which is subject to theoretically unlimited loss, in that the price of the underlying security could theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those securities to cover the short position. There can be no assurance that the security necessary to cover a short position will be available for purchase. Purchasing securities to close out the short position can itself cause the prices of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. Furthermore, if a request for return of borrowed securities occurs at a time when other short sellers of the security are receiving similar requests, a “short squeeze” can occur, in which case the public equity fund would be compelled to replace borrowed securities previously sold short with purchases on the open market at the most disadvantageous time, possibly at prices significantly in excess of the proceeds received in originally selling the securities short.

 

   

The efficacy of investment and trading strategies depends largely on the ability to establish and maintain an overall market position in a combination of financial instruments. A public equity fund’s trading orders may not be executed in a timely and efficient manner due to various circumstances, including market illiquidity, systems failures or human error. In such event, the funds might only be able to build some but not all of the position, or if the overall position were to need adjustment, the funds might not be able to make such adjustment. As a result, the funds would not be able to achieve the desired market position and might incur a loss in liquidating their position.

 

   

As “inside-the-wall” funds, our public equity funds are subject to a broad restricted securities list, which may limit their investment opportunities as well as their ability to exit an investment, including covering a short position. An inability to cover a short position theoretically subjects a fund to unlimited loss.

 

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To the extent the financial condition of TPEP is adversely affected by these risks, our revenues and AUM may also decline.

Our broker-dealer’s capital markets activities expose us to risks that, if they materialize, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

TPG Capital BD (and related entities) provides various capital markets services, including:

 

   

structuring, executing and at times underwriting initial public offerings, follow-on primary offerings and secondary offerings (including “block trades”) and private placements of equity securities;

 

   

structuring, executing and at times underwriting high yield and other bond offerings;

 

   

structuring, arranging and placing interests in loans, credit facilities, asset-based facilities, securitizations and similar debt instruments;

 

   

structuring and arranging amendments to existing securities, credit facilities and other instruments;

 

   

structuring and implementing interest rate, foreign exchange and other hedging or derivative strategies;

 

   

structuring and executing other similar transactions to finance fund acquisitions of a portfolio company or to enable a fund to monetize its interest in a portfolio company;

 

   

providing capital markets advice with respect to any of the foregoing transactions; and

 

   

providing any other capital markets services that a third party may render to or with respect to an existing, prospective or former portfolio company.

As a result of these capital markets services, we could incur losses that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow, as well as our reputation. TPG Capital BD’s capital market activities subject us to potential liability for, among other things, material misstatements or omissions in prospectuses and other offering documents in the United States and elsewhere, and for failure to provide certain disclosure documents or marketing securities to certain types of investors in the EU and the U.K. Further, the relationship between us, TPG Capital BD (or a related entity providing capital markets services), on the one hand, and our funds and/or our funds’ portfolio companies, on the other hand, gives rise to conflicts of interest which could negatively impact our business. See “—Our business activities and the business activities of certain of our personnel may give rise to a conflict of interest with our funds, and our failure to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business.”

Our sponsorship of and investments in special purpose acquisition companies (“SPACs”) may expose us and our funds to increased risks and liabilities.

We sponsor, or facilitate the acquisition of companies by, SPACs. A SPAC is a special purpose vehicle formed for the purpose of raising capital to eventually acquire or merge with an existing business, which results in the existing business becoming the operating business of a public company in an alternative to the traditional initial public offering process. There are a number of risks associated with sponsoring SPACs, including:

 

   

because a SPAC is raised without a specifically identified acquisition target, it may never, or only after an extended period of time, be able to find and execute a suitable business combination, during which period the sponsor capital invested in or committed to the SPAC will not be available for other uses;

 

   

our investments in a SPAC as its sponsor may be entirely lost if the SPAC does not execute a business combination during the finite permitted time period;

 

   

SPACs incur substantial fees, costs and expenses related to their initial public offerings, being public companies and pursuing business combinations (in some cases, regardless of whether, or when, the SPAC ultimately consummates a transaction);

 

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sponsorship of and investments in SPACs give rise to apparent and actual conflicts of interest with our private equity funds, including, for example, conflicts relating to the allocation of investment opportunities, broken deal expenses and the time and attention of our investment professionals (see “—Our business activities and the business activities of certain of our personnel may give rise to a conflict of interest with our funds, and our failure to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business”);

 

   

the use of SPACs as an investment tool has recently become more widespread, and there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the viability of SPAC investing on a large scale, the supply of desirable transactions relative to the pace at which SPACs are currently being formed, potential litigation risks associated with transactions executed by SPACs and whether regulatory, tax or other authorities will implement additional or adverse policies relating to, or initiate enforcement actions targeting, SPACs and SPAC investing; and

 

   

we also expect regulatory scrutiny of and enforcement activities directed toward SPACs and other blank check companies to increase. Any losses relating to these developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow, as well as our reputation.

Funds associated with our secondaries investment products are subject to additional risks.

Funds associated with our secondaries investment products, NewQuest and TPG GP Solutions, will involve certain additional risks. Such funds have limited opportunity to control the day-to-day operation of the funds in which they invest, including investment and disposition decisions, or to protect their indirect position in portfolio investments, nor do they generally have the right to remove the managers thereof. The success of these funds will be substantially dependent upon the capabilities and performance of the general partners who control those portfolio investments and the company management of the underlying portfolio companies, which will include representatives of other financial investors with whom such funds are not affiliated and whose interests may conflict with the interests of the funds. Although investors (such as our funds) in general partner-led and other structured secondary transactions typically retain enhanced governance and other rights (and may participate in the initial structuring and customizing of portfolios of a portfolio investment), once such a transaction is complete, the general partners will generally have broad discretion in structuring, negotiating, purchasing, financing, monitoring and eventually divesting the underlying assets and portfolio companies. Further, should a general partner for any reason cease to participate in the management of the underlying assets and/or portfolio companies, the performance of the relevant portfolio investment (and, consequently, our funds) could be adversely affected.

Our secondaries funds are also authorized to invest in preferred, synthetic and/or other investments in management companies, general partners and similar entities that manage or advise other investment funds (such entities, “Managing Entities”). Among the factors that we will typically consider in selecting such Managing Entities for investment is a record of strong financial performance. However, the past performance of any such Managing Entity is not necessarily indicative of its future performance. There can be no assurance that such Managing Entity will achieve similar revenues or profits in the future. While we periodically meet with the management of Managing Entities in which our funds invest, and our funds may negotiate contractual terms requiring such Managing Entities to periodically provide the funds with certain information, our funds generally do not have the opportunity to evaluate the specific strategies employed by the Managing Entities and their funds, and our funds do not have an active role in the day-to-day management of the Managing Entities.

Misconduct, fraud or other deceptive practices of our employees, advisors or third-party service providers or our funds’ portfolio companies could subject us to significant legal liability, regulatory scrutiny and reputational harm and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Our reputation is critical to maintaining and developing relationships with existing and prospective investors, potential purchasers or sellers of fund investments, potential fund investors and other third parties with

 

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whom we do business, and there is a risk that our employees, advisers or third-party service providers could engage in misconduct or fraud that creates legal exposure for us or reputational harm and thus negatively impacts our business. Employee misconduct or fraud could include, among other things, binding our funds to transactions that exceed authorized limits or present unacceptable risks, concealing unsuccessful investments (which could result in unknown and unmanaged risks or losses) or otherwise charging, or seeking to charge, inappropriate expenses or misappropriating or misdirecting funds belonging to the company or our funds. If an employee were to engage in illegal or suspicious activities, we could be subject to penalties or sanctions and suffer serious harm to our reputation, financial position, investor relationships and ability to attract future investors. For example, we could lose our ability to raise new funds if any of our “covered persons” is the subject of a criminal, regulatory or court order or other “disqualifying event.” In addition, if any of our employees, consultants or service providers, or those of our funds’ portfolio companies, become subject to allegations of sexual harassment, racial or gender discrimination or other similar misconduct, such allegations could, regardless of the ultimate outcome, result in negative publicity that could significantly harm our, and such portfolio company’s, brand and reputation. Similarly, allegations of employee misconduct could affect our reputation and ability to raise funds even if the allegations pertain to activities not related to our business and/or are ultimately unsubstantiated.

Further, our business often requires that we deal with confidential matters of great significance to us, our funds and companies in which our funds may invest, as well as trade secrets. If any of our employees, consultants or service providers were to improperly use or disclose confidential information, we could suffer serious harm to our reputation, financial position and current and future business relationships as well as face potentially significant litigation or investigation.

It is not always possible to deter misconduct or fraud by employees, consultants or service providers, and the precautions we take to detect and prevent this activity may not be effective in all cases. Misconduct or fraud by any of our employees, consultants or service providers, or even unsubstantiated allegations of misconduct or fraud, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow, as well as our reputation.

Fraud, payment or solicitation of bribes and other deceptive practices or other misconduct at our funds’ portfolio companies could similarly have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow, as well as our reputation. For example, failures by personnel of our funds’ portfolio companies, or individuals acting on behalf of such portfolio companies, to comply with anti-bribery, sanctions or other legal and regulatory requirements could negatively impact the valuation of a fund’s investments or harm our reputation. In addition, there are a number of grounds upon which such misconduct at a portfolio company could subject us to criminal and/or civil liability, including on the basis of actual knowledge, willful blindness or control person liability.

Pending and future litigation could result in significant liabilities and reputational harm, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

From time to time, we are involved in litigation and claims incidental to the conduct of our business. Our business is also subject to extensive regulation, which may result in regulatory proceedings against us. In recent years, the volume of claims and the amount of potential damages claimed in such proceedings against the financial services industry have generally been increasing. The activities of our business, including the investment decisions we make and the activities of our employees in connection with our funds, portfolio companies or other investment vehicles like SPACs may subject us and them to the risk of litigation by third parties, including fund investors dissatisfied with the performance or management of our funds, holders of our or our funds’ portfolio companies’ debt or equity, investors in our SPACs and a variety of other potential litigants. For example, we, our funds and certain of our employees are each exposed to the risks of litigation relating to investment activities of our funds, our SPACs and actions taken by the officers and directors (some of whom may be TPG employees) of portfolio companies, such as lawsuits by other stockholders of our public portfolio companies or holders of debt instruments of companies in which we or our funds have significant

 

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investments, including securities class action lawsuits by stockholders, as well as class action lawsuits that challenge our acquisition transactions and/or attempt to enjoin them. As an additional example, we are sometimes listed as a co-defendant in actions against portfolio companies on the theory that we control such portfolio companies or based upon allegations that we improperly exercised control or influence over portfolio investments. We may face a risk of loss from a variety of claims, including related to securities, antitrust, contracts, environmental, pension, fraud and various other potential claims, whether or not such claims are valid. We are also exposed to risks of litigation, investigation or negative publicity in the event of any transactions that are alleged not to have been properly considered and approved under applicable law or where transactions presented conflicts of interest that are alleged not to have been properly addressed. See “—Our business activities and the business activities of certain of our personnel may give rise to conflicts of interest with our funds, and our failure to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest could damage our reputation and negatively impact our business.” The activities of our broker-dealer may also subject us to the risk of liabilities to our clients and third parties, under securities or other laws in connection with transactions in which we participate. See Note 16, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for a discussion of a particular matter which we believe to be without merit but in which large nominal damages have been claimed against us as a party.

Further, the laws and regulations governing the limited liability of issuers and portfolio companies vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and in certain contexts the laws of certain jurisdictions may provide not only for carve-outs from limited liability protection for the issuer or portfolio company that has incurred the liabilities, but also for recourse to assets of other entities under common control with, or that are part of the same economic group as, such issuer. For example, if one of our funds’ portfolio companies is subject to bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings in certain jurisdictions and is found to have liabilities under the local consumer protection, labor, environmental, tax or bankruptcy laws, the laws of that jurisdiction may permit authorities or creditors to file a lien on, or to otherwise have recourse to, assets held by other portfolio companies or the sponsor itself in that jurisdiction. The foregoing risks could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

In addition, with a workforce composed of many highly paid professionals, we also face the risk of litigation relating to claims for compensation or other damages, which may be significant in amount. Such claims are more likely to occur in situations where individual employees may experience significant volatility in their year-to-year compensation due to fund performance or other issues and in situations where previously highly compensated employees were terminated for performance or efficiency reasons. The cost of settling such claims could negatively impact our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Investors in our funds do not have legal remedies against us solely based on their dissatisfaction with the investment performance of such funds. However, investors may have remedies against us, the general partners of our funds, our funds, our employees, or our affiliates to the extent any losses result from fraud, negligence, willful misconduct or other similar malfeasance. While the general partners of our funds, our funds, our employees and our affiliates are typically insured and are generally indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law with respect to their conduct in connection with the management of the business and affairs of our funds, such indemnity does not extend to actions determined to have involved fraud, gross negligence, willful misconduct, or other similar misconduct.

Defending against litigation could be costly. Such litigation costs may not be recoverable from insurance or other indemnification. Additionally, we may not be able to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance on commercially reasonable terms or with adequate coverage levels against potential liabilities we may face in connection with potential claims. Insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses, if at all, and if a claim is successful and exceeds or is not covered by our insurance policies, we may be required to pay a substantial amount in respect of such claim. If we are required to incur all or a portion of the costs arising out of litigation or regulatory inquiry or action as a result of inadequate insurance proceeds or failure to obtain indemnification from our funds, our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity could be

 

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materially adversely affected. Certain losses of a catastrophic nature, such as wars, earthquakes, typhoons, terrorist attacks, pandemics, health crises or other similar events, may be uninsurable or may only be insurable at rates that are so high that maintaining coverage would cause an adverse impact on our business, our funds and their portfolio companies. In general, losses related to terrorism are becoming harder and more expensive to insure against. Some insurers are excluding terrorism coverage from their all-risk policies or offering significantly limited coverage against terrorist acts for additional premiums, which can greatly increase the total cost of casualty insurance for a property. Further, because of limited precedent for claims being made related to pandemics, it is not yet possible to determine if pandemic-related losses and expenses will be covered by our insurance policies. As a result, we, our funds and their portfolio companies may not be insured against terrorism, pandemics or certain other catastrophic losses.

If any litigation or regulatory actions were brought against us and resulted in a finding of substantial legal liability, that result could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition or cause significant reputational harm to us, which could materially impact our business. Furthermore, the current rise of populist political movements has generated and may continue to generate a growing negative public sentiment toward globalization, free trade, capitalism and financial institutions, which could lead to heightened scrutiny and criticisms of our business and our investments. In addition, public discourse leading to the 2020 U.S. presidential election and social inequality issues raised and debated during the campaign have demonstrated the elevated level of focus put on us, our industry and companies in which our funds are invested. See “—Risks Related to Our Industry—Extensive regulation of our businesses affects our activities and creates the potential for significant liabilities and penalties. Increased regulatory focus on the alternative asset industry or legislative or regulatory changes could result in additional burdens and expenses on our business.” The risk of reputational harm is elevated by the prevalence of Internet and social media usage and the increased public focus on behaviors and externalities of business activities, including those affecting stakeholder interests and ESG considerations. We depend to a large extent on our business relationships and our reputation. See “—Our business depends on maintaining and strengthening our brand and good reputation, which if damaged, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.” As a result, allegations of improper conduct by private litigants (including investors in or alongside our funds), regulators or employees, whether the ultimate outcome is favorable or unfavorable to us, as well as negative publicity and press speculation about us, our investment activities, our lines of business, our workplace environment or the private equity industry in general, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation, which may be more damaging to our business than to other types of businesses.

Contingent liabilities could harm the performance of our funds.

Our funds may acquire an investment that is subject to contingent liabilities. Such contingent liabilities could be unknown to us at the time of acquisition or, if they are known to us, we may not accurately assess or protect against the risks that they present. Acquired contingent liabilities could thus result in unforeseen losses for our funds. Additionally, in connection with the disposition of an investment in a portfolio company, a fund may be required to make representations about the business and financial affairs of such portfolio company typical of those made in connection with the sale of a business. A fund may also be required to indemnify the purchasers of such investment to the extent that any such representations are inaccurate. These arrangements may result in the incurrence of contingent liabilities by a fund, even after the disposition of an investment. Although our funds typically obtain representation and warranties insurance, the inaccuracy of representations and warranties made by a fund could harm such fund’s performance.

The clawback provisions in our governing agreements may give rise to contingent obligations that may require us to return amounts to our funds and fund investors.

In certain circumstances, we are required to return previously distributed performance allocations. The partnership documents governing our funds generally include a clawback provision that, if triggered, generally requires us to return distributions of performance allocations to the fund for distribution to fund investors.

 

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Pursuant to a clawback provision, upon the liquidation of a fund, the general partner must return previously distributed performance allocations to the extent that the aggregate lifetime performance of the fund resulted in these previous distributions having exceeded the amount that the general partner was ultimately entitled to under the terms of the fund’s partnership documents.

Historically, we distribute performance allocations received by us to their ultimate recipients (our professionals and investors) within the year that we receive them. Therefore, if a subsequent clawback occurs, we will no longer be holding the performance allocations initially paid to us. In addition, in our more recent funds and we expect in future funds, we or one of our subsidiaries have and will guarantee 100% of any clawback obligations.

Many of our funds include a segregated reserve account funded by a percentage of performance allocations otherwise distributable to us (typically 10% or less). Although certain performance allocations are subject to return to us by their ultimate recipients upon the occurrence of a clawback event, others are not and we may be unable to obtain return of others. For example, we do not anticipate being entitled to recover performance allocations distributed through our new performance allocation pool program from their ultimate recipients.

There can be no assurances that the amounts in related segregated reserve accounts will be sufficient to satisfy our clawback obligations, or that we will be willing, able or entitled to recover amounts sufficient from the ultimate recipients of the performance allocations to satisfy our clawback obligations in full. We will bear the loss from our clawback obligations (reduced only by the amounts in the relevant segregated reserve account and amounts recovered from the ultimate recipients of the relevant performance allocations, if any).

In addition, certain of our funds include interim clawback provisions that may give rise to clawback payment obligations prior to the liquidation of the fund. An interim clawback provision typically requires the general partner of a fund to determine, as of a particular date, such as the end of the sixth full fiscal year following the fund’s closing date, the amount, if any, of its interim clawback obligations with respect to each limited partner. To the extent an interim clawback obligation exists with respect to any limited partner, the general partner would have a period of time to return previously distributed performance allocation. During this period, amounts that would otherwise be distributed as performance allocations to the general partner in respect of such limited partner will instead be distributed to such limited partner to the extent necessary to satisfy such interim clawback obligation, and any increases in the value of the fund’s portfolio will reduce the amount of such interim clawback obligation. To the extent we do not timely satisfy an interim clawback obligation, management fees paid to the fund manager will typically be suspended.

As of September 30, 2021, $58.3 million of performance allocations were subject to this clawback obligation, assuming that all applicable funds and investments were liquidated at their current unrealized fair values as of September 30, 2021. Had the investments in these funds been liquidated at zero value, the clawback obligation would have been approximately $1,615.4 million. Since inception, we have returned $15.2 million in distributions of performance allocations pursuant to our clawback obligations, which were funded primarily through collection of partner receivables related to clawback obligations.

Risks Related to Our Organizational Structure and this Offering

The historical and pro forma financial information and related notes in this prospectus may not permit you to assess our future performance, including our costs of operations.

The historical financial information in this prospectus does not reflect the changes that we will implement to our compensation and partner incentive models, the added costs we expect to incur as a public company or the resulting changes that will occur in our capital structure and operations. Historically, 50% of the FRE we generated has been paid to our service partners as an annual discretionary cash bonus. In connection with the implementation of our post-offering compensation and incentive model, we intend to reduce the amount we pay

 

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as bonuses from management fees. We intend to increase the share of performance allocations available to our partners and professionals. However, we will be under no contractual obligation to do so and could elect in the future to compensate our employees out of our management fees and otherwise modify our approach in ways that are inconsistent with the adjustments in the pro forma financial information. See “Executive and Director Compensation—Compensation Program Adjustments On and Following this Offering.”

We will no longer receive any performance allocations relating to the Excluded Funds (as defined herein). In addition, RemainCo will be entitled to a portion of our performance allocations from Included Funds (as defined herein). As a result, we expect the revenues we generate from performance allocations to decline relative to the amounts reflected in our historical financial information. Nevertheless, we will have primary contractual liability for certain claims related to our funds, including clawback obligations, even after performance allocations have been distributed. We expect to enter into a reimbursement agreement with RemainCo, pursuant to which RemainCo will agree to certain reimbursement and indemnification obligations. However, there can be no assurance that RemainCo will be able to satisfy such obligations.

In preparing our pro forma financial information, we have given effect to, among other items, the change to our compensation and incentive model, the Reorganization described in “Organizational Structure,” including the deconsolidation of certain of our investment funds that have been consolidated in our historical consolidated financial statements, and a deduction and charge to earnings of estimated taxes based on an estimated tax rate (which may be different from our actual tax rate in the future). The estimates we used in our pro forma financial information may not be similar to our actual experience as a public company. For example, the performance allocations distributed to Common Unit holders are subject to management’s discretion, and actual amounts could vary from the percentage estimates we use in our pro forma financial information. For more information on our historical financial information and pro forma financial information, see “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and Other Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the historical consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our management has not previously managed a public company in their current roles, and we may not be able to maintain our corporate culture as a public company.

The individuals who now constitute our management have not previously managed a publicly traded company in their current roles. Compliance with public company requirements will place significant additional demands on our management and will require us to enhance our investor relations, legal, financial and tax reporting, internal audit, compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and corporate communications functions. These additional efforts may strain our resources and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could adversely affect our business and profitability.

In addition, we believe that our corporate culture, including our management philosophy, has been a critical component to our success and that our culture creates an environment that supports and advances our overall business strategy. As we transition to a public company, our management may find it difficult to maintain the entrepreneurial, creative and idea-generative approach fostered by our culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could negatively affect our future success, including our ability to execute our plans and strategies on a timely basis, incubate new businesses, recruit and retain personnel, and effectively focus on and pursue our business strategy.

 

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Fulfilling our public company financial reporting and other regulatory obligations will be expensive and time consuming, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives and corporate governance practices. We may fail to comply with the rules that apply to public companies, including Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, which could result in sanctions or other penalties that would harm our business.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Act (as defined herein), the rules of the SEC, Nasdaq listing requirements and other applicable securities rules and regulations also impose various requirements on public companies, including establishment and maintenance of effective disclosure and financial controls and corporate governance practices. We expect that we will need to hire additional accounting, finance, and other personnel with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge in connection with our becoming, and our efforts to comply with the requirements of being, a public company, and our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time towards maintaining compliance with these requirements. These requirements will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We are currently evaluating these rules and regulations and cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs. These rules and regulations are often subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and, as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur as a result of becoming a public company or the timing of such costs. Any changes we make to comply with these obligations may not be sufficient to allow us to satisfy our obligations as a public company on a timely basis, or at all. These reporting requirements, rules and regulations, coupled with the increase in potential litigation exposure associated with being a public company, could also make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or board committees or to serve as executive officers, or to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors’ and officers’ insurance, on acceptable terms.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (“Section 404”), we will be required to furnish a report by our management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting beginning with our second filing of an Annual Report on Form 10-K with the SEC after we become a public company. This assessment will require disclosure of any material weaknesses identified in our internal control over financial reporting. A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual and interim financial statements will not be detected or prevented on a timely basis. To achieve compliance with Section 404 within the prescribed period, we will be engaged in a process to document and evaluate our internal control over financial reporting, which is both costly and challenging. In this regard, we will need to continue to dedicate internal resources, engage outside consultants, adopt a detailed work plan to assess and document the adequacy of internal control over financial reporting, continue steps to improve control processes as appropriate, validate through testing that controls are functioning as documented, and implement a continuous reporting and improvement process for internal control over financial reporting. Despite our efforts, there is a risk that we will not be able to conclude, within the prescribed timeframe or at all, that our internal control over financial reporting is effective as required by Section 404. If we identify one or more material weaknesses, it could result in an adverse reaction in the financial markets due to a loss of confidence in the reliability of our financial statements. To date, we have not conducted a review of our internal controls for the purpose of providing the reports required by these rules.

On April 12, 2021, the SEC issued a statement with respect to the accounting treatment for warrants issued in connection with the formation and initial public offering of SPACs (the “SEC Statement”). As a result of the impact of the SEC Statement on our Public SPACs’ financial statements, in connection with the preparation of our financial statements for the period year ended December 31, 2020, we identified a control deficiency in the design of our internal control over financial reporting that constituted a material weakness. Specifically, we

 

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lacked sufficient precision in the design of our controls to ensure that certain financial instruments issued by the Public SPACs, including warrants, forward purchase agreements, and redeemable equity were properly accounted for. To address this matter, our SPAC businesses took steps to remediate the material weakness, which included the following:

 

   

enhanced our processes to identify and appropriately apply applicable accounting requirements to better evaluate and understand the nuances of the complex accounting standards that apply to its securities and financial statements.

 

   

enhanced access to accounting literature, research materials and documents, and increased communication among our personnel and third-party professionals consulted regarding complex accounting matters.

 

   

increased oversight and discussion of these matters by senior management.

As a result of these enhancements to our internal control framework, we have concluded that the previously identified material weakness has been remediated.

Our management and independent registered public accounting firm did not perform an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting during any period in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We are in the early stages of the costly and challenging process of compiling the system and processing documentation necessary to perform the evaluation needed to comply with Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. During the course of our review and testing, we may in the future, identify deficiencies and be unable to remediate them before we must provide the required reports. Furthermore, if we have a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, we may not detect errors on a timely basis and our financial statements may be materially misstated. We or our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to conclude on an ongoing basis that we have effective internal control over financial reporting, which could harm our operating results, cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information and cause the trading price of our stock to decline. In addition, as a public company we will be required to file accurate and timely quarterly and annual reports with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Any failure to report our financial results on an accurate and timely basis could result in sanctions, lawsuits, delisting of our common stock from Nasdaq or other adverse consequences that would materially harm our business and reputation.

In addition, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure are creating uncertainty for public companies, increasing legal and financial compliance costs and making some activities more time consuming. These laws, regulations and standards are subject to varying interpretations, in many cases due to their lack of specificity, and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as regulatory and governing bodies provide new guidance. The foregoing could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We will continue to invest resources to comply with evolving laws, regulations and standards, and this investment may result in increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. If our efforts to comply with new laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to their application and practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us, and our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

As a result of disclosure of information as a public company, our business and financial condition will become more visible, which may result in threatened or actual litigation, including by stockholders and competitors and other third parties. If the claims are successful, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. Even if the claims do not result in litigation or are resolved in our favor, these claims, and the time and resources necessary to resolve them, could divert the resources of our management and adversely affect our business operations and financial results.

 

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We are a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq listing standards and, as a result, until the Sunset, will qualify for, and intend to rely on, exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements. You will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to such requirements and you will have limited voting power compared to holders of our Class B common stock.

After this offering, holders of our Class B common stock will control a majority of the voting power of our outstanding common stock by virtue of their ownership of Class B common stock. Prior to the Sunset and for so long as TPG Group Holdings holds shares of Class B common stock representing at least 8.9% of all of the outstanding shares of our common stock, the Class B stockholders are expected to hold a majority of our outstanding voting power by virtue of their ownership of Class B common stock, and GP LLC, as the owner of the general partner of TPG Group Holdings, will control the outcome of matters submitted to a stockholder vote prior to the Sunset, including the appointment of all company directors. As a result of the voting power held by TPG Group Holdings, we will qualify as a “controlled company” within the meaning of Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards. Under these rules, a listed company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by an individual, group or another company is a “controlled company” and may elect not to comply with certain corporate governance requirements, including the requirement that (i) a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors, (ii) director nominees be selected or recommended to the board by independent directors or an independent nominating committee and (iii) we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors.

Following this offering, we intend to rely on some or all of these exemptions. As a result, we will not have a majority of independent directors, our directors will not be nominated or selected by independent directors and most compensation decisions will not be made by an independent compensation committee. Accordingly, you will not have the same protections afforded to stockholders of companies that are subject to all of Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements. After the Sunset becomes effective (as described in “Organizational Structure—Voting Rights of Class A and Class B Common Stock”), the Class B common stock will have one vote per share instead of ten votes per share, meaning that GP LLC, as the general partner of TPG Group Holdings, will no longer control the appointment of directors or be able to direct the vote on all matters that are submitted to our stockholders for a vote. The control over the voting of Class B common stock will instead be passed through to the individual partners of the TPG Partner Vehicles, including TPG Partner Holdings.

We are a holding company and our only material asset after completion of this offering will be our interest in the TPG Operating Group, and we are accordingly dependent upon distributions from the TPG Operating Group to pay taxes, make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and pay dividends.

We will be a holding company and after completion of this offering will have no material assets other than our indirect ownership of Common Units representing 25.2% of the Common Units (or 25.6% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full) and 100% of the interests in certain intermediate holding companies. As such, we have no independent means of generating revenue or cash flow, and our ability to pay our taxes and operating expenses, including to satisfy our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement, or declare and pay dividends in the future, depend upon the results of operations and cash flows of the TPG Operating Group and its consolidated subsidiaries and distributions we receive from the TPG Operating Group. Deterioration in the financial condition, earnings or cash flow of the TPG Operating Group and its subsidiaries for any reason could limit or impair its ability to pay such distributions. Additionally, to the extent that we need funds, and the TPG Operating Group is restricted from making such distributions under applicable law or regulation or under the terms of our financing arrangements, or is otherwise unable to provide such funds, such restriction could materially adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition.

We anticipate that each TPG Operating Group partnership will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes and, as such, generally will not be subject to any entity-level U.S. federal income tax (except potentially in the case of an IRS audit). Instead, taxable income will be allocated to holders of Common Units, including us. Accordingly, we will be required to pay income taxes on our allocable share of any net

 

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taxable income of the TPG Operating Group partnerships. However, under certain rules, each TPG Operating Group partnership (or other subsidiary partnership) may be liable in the event of an adjustment by the IRS to the tax return of such TPG Operating Group partnership (or subsidiary partnership), absent an election to the contrary (including an election to “push out” the partners in the year being audited). The TPG Operating Group may be subject to material liabilities under these rules and related guidance if, for example, its calculations of taxable income are incorrect (including for years prior to the admission of us to the TPG Operating Group partnerships). Further any “push out” election will require consent of (i) a majority of the holders of Common Units and (ii) TPG Group Holdings for the tax periods ending on or prior to December 31, 2021 (assuming this offering occurs on or prior to January 31, 2022).

Under the terms of the limited partnership agreements of the TPG Operating Group, the TPG Operating Group partnerships are generally obligated to make tax distributions to holders of Common Units (including us) at certain assumed tax rates for taxable periods (or portions thereof) beginning as of the completion of this offering. These tax distributions may in certain periods exceed our tax liabilities and obligations to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Our Executive Committee, in its sole discretion, will make any determination from time to time with respect to the use of any such excess cash so accumulated, which may include, among other uses, paying dividends, which may include special dividends, on its Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock. We will have no obligation to distribute such cash (or other available cash other than any declared dividend) to our stockholders. To the extent that we do not distribute such excess cash as dividends on our Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock or otherwise undertake ameliorative actions between Common Units and shares of Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock and instead, for example, hold such cash balances, the direct owners of Common Units may benefit from any value attributable to such cash balances as a result of their ownership of Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock following a redemption or exchange of their Common Units, notwithstanding that such pre-IPO owners of the TPG Operating Group may previously have participated as holders of Common Units in distributions by the TPG Operating Group that resulted in our excess cash balances See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—The TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements.”

After the consummation of this offering, our current intention is to pay holders of our Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock a quarterly dividend representing at least 85% of TPG Inc.’s share of DE attributable to the TPG Operating Group, subject to adjustment as determined by the Executive Committee of our board of directors to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of our business, to make appropriate investments in our business and funds, to comply with applicable law, any of our debt instruments or other agreements, or to provide for future cash requirements such as tax-related payments and clawback obligations. Although we expect to pay at least 85% of our DE as a dividend, the percentage of our DE paid out as a dividend could fall below that target minimum. We expect that our first quarterly distribution will be paid in the second quarter of 2022 in respect of the prior quarter. All of the foregoing is subject to the further qualification that the declaration and payment of any dividends are at the sole discretion of the Executive Committee prior to the Sunset and the Executive Committee may change our dividend policy at any time, including, without limitation, to reduce such dividends or even to eliminate such dividends entirely. Any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of the Executive Committee after taking into account various factors, including our business, operating results and financial condition, current and anticipated cash needs, plans for expansion and any legal or contractual limitations on our ability to pay dividends. Certain of our existing credit facilities include, and any financing arrangement that we enter into in the future, may include restrictive covenants that limit our ability to pay dividends. In addition, the TPG Operating Group is generally prohibited under Delaware law from making a distribution to a limited partner to the extent that, at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, liabilities of the TPG Operating Group (with certain exceptions) exceed the fair value of its assets. Subsidiaries of the TPG Operating Group are generally subject to similar legal limitations on their ability to make distributions to the TPG Operating Group. See “—We may pay dividends to our stockholders, but our ability to do so is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable

 

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provisions of Delaware law.” See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—The TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements.”

If we are deemed an “investment company” subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act as a result of our ownership of the TPG Operating Group, applicable restrictions could make it impractical for us to continue our business as contemplated and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

An issuer will generally be deemed to be an “investment company” for purposes of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder (collectively, the “Investment Company Act”) if:

 

   

it is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily, or proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; or

 

   

absent an applicable exemption, it owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis.

We regard ourselves as an alternative asset management firm. We believe that we are engaged primarily in the business of providing asset management services and not in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. We also believe that the primary source of income from each of our businesses is properly characterized as income earned in exchange for the provision of services. We hold ourselves out as an alternative asset management firm and do not propose to engage primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities.

The Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder contain detailed parameters for the organization and operations of investment companies. Among other things, the Investment Company Act and the rules thereunder limit or prohibit transactions with affiliates, impose limitations on the issuance of debt and equity securities, prohibit the issuance of stock options and impose certain governance requirements. We intend to conduct our operations so that TPG Inc. will not be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act. The need to comply with the 40% test in section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act (“section 3(a)(1)(C)”) may cause us to (i) restrict our business and that of our subsidiaries with respect to the assets in which we can invest and/or the types of securities we may issue, (ii) sell investment securities, including on unfavorable terms, (iii) acquire assets or businesses that could change the nature of our business or (iv) potentially take other actions that may be viewed as adverse by the holders of our Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock in order to ensure conformity with exceptions provided by, and rules and regulations promulgated under, the Investment Company Act. However, if anything were to happen that would cause TPG Inc. to be deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, requirements imposed by the Investment Company Act, including limitations on our capital structure, ability to transact business with affiliates and ability to compensate key employees, could make it impractical for us to continue our business as currently conducted, impair the agreements and arrangements between and among the TPG Operating Group, us or our senior leadership team, or any combination thereof, and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. See “Business—Regulation and Compliance—United States—Regulation Under the Investment Company Act.”

A change of control of our company could result in an assignment of our investment advisory agreements.

Under the Advisers Act, each of the investment advisory agreements for the funds and other accounts we manage now or in the future must provide that it may not be assigned without the consent of the particular fund or other client. An assignment may occur under the Advisers Act if, among other things, our subsidiaries that are registered as investment advisers undergo a change of control. After the Sunset becomes effective, the Class B common stock will have one vote per share instead of ten votes per share, meaning that GP LLC, as the general partner of TPG Partner Holdings, will no longer control the appointment of directors or be able to direct the vote

 

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on all matters that are submitted to our stockholders for a vote. After the Sunset becomes effective, the control over the votes of TPG Partner Holdings will be passed through to the individual partners of TPG Partner Holdings. In addition, in the second phase of our governance evolution, we will expand the Control Group to five members from the original three members. While we do not believe that the Sunset or the expansion of the Control Group will result in an assignment under the Advisers Act, there can be no assurance that the SEC or a court would agree. Furthermore, if a third party acquired a sufficient number of shares to be able, alone or with others, to control the appointment of directors and other matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote, it could be deemed a change of control of our subsidiaries that are registered as investment advisers, and thus an assignment. If such an assignment occurs, we cannot be certain that our subsidiaries that are registered as investment advisers will be able to obtain the necessary consents from our funds and other clients, which could cause us to lose the management fees and performance allocations we earn from such funds and other clients.

There may not be an active trading market for shares of our Class A common stock, which may cause our Class A common stock to trade at a discount from its initial offering price and make it difficult to sell the shares you purchase.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public trading market for shares of our Class A common stock. It is possible that, after this offering, an active trading market will not develop or continue, which would make it difficult for you to sell your shares of Class A common stock at an attractive price or at all. The initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock will be determined by agreement among us and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of the price at which the shares of our Class A common stock will trade in the public market after this offering.

The disparity in the voting rights among the classes of our common stock and inability of the holders of our Class A common stock to influence decisions submitted to a vote of our stockholders may have an adverse effect on the price of our Class A common stock.

Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class on almost all matters submitted to a vote of our stockholders. Shares of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock entitle the respective holders to identical non-economic rights, except that each share of our Class A common stock will entitle its holder to one vote on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally, while each share of our Class B common stock will entitle its holder to ten votes until the Sunset becomes effective. See “Organizational Structure—Voting Rights of the Class A and Class B Common Stock.” After the Sunset becomes effective, each share of our Class B common stock will entitle its holder to one vote and GP LLC will no longer vote all shares attributable to TPG Partner Holdings. Upon the completion of the Reorganization and prior to the Sunset, GP LLC, will exercise control over all matters requiring the approval of our stockholders, including the election of our directors and members of our Executive Committee and the approval of significant corporate transactions. After the Sunset becomes effective, the control over the votes of TPG Partner Holdings will be passed through to the individual partners of TPG Partner Holdings. The difference in voting rights could adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock to the extent that investors view, or any potential future purchaser of our company views, the superior voting rights and implicit control of the Class B common stock to have value.

We may pay dividends to our stockholders, but our ability to do so is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and may be limited by our holding company structure and applicable provisions of Delaware law.

After the consummation of this offering and subject to funds being legally available, we intend to cause the TPG Operating Group partnerships to make pro rata cash distributions to holders of Common Units, including us, that will enable us, when combined with the tax distributions we receive, to pay our taxes, make all payments required under the Tax Receivable Agreement and pay other expenses. Our current intention is to pay holders of our Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock a quarterly dividend representing at least 85% of TPG Inc.’s share of DE attributable to the TPG Operating Group, subject to adjustment as determined by the

 

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Executive Committee of our board of directors to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of our business, to make appropriate investments in our business and funds, to comply with applicable law, any of our debt instruments or other agreements, or to provide for future cash requirements such as tax-related payments and clawback obligations. Although we expect to pay at least 85% of our DE as a dividend, the percentage of our DE paid out as a dividend could fall below that target minimum. The declaration and payment by us of any future dividends to holders of our Class A common stock will be at the sole discretion of our Executive Committee until the Sunset, and then by the board of directors after the Sunset. However, the ability of the TPG Operating Group to make such distributions to us will be subject to its operating results, cash requirements and financial condition. Our ability to declare and pay dividends to our stockholders is likewise subject to Delaware law (which may limit the amount of funds available for dividends). If, as a consequence of these various limitations and restrictions, we are unable to generate sufficient distributions from our business, we may not be able to make, or may be required to reduce or eliminate, any payment of dividends on our Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock.

Our share price may decline due to the large number of shares eligible for future sale and for exchange.

The market price of our Class A common stock could decline as a result of sales of a large number of shares of Class A common stock in the market after this offering or the perception that such sales could occur. These sales, or the possibility that these sales may occur, also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. After the consummation of this offering, we will have outstanding 69,036,254 shares of Class A common stock and 8,258,901 shares of nonvoting Class A common stock and 229,652,641 shares of Class A common stock that are authorized but unissued that would be issuable upon exchange of 229,652,641 Common Units (in each case assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares). This number includes the shares of our Class A common stock we and the selling stockholder are selling in this offering, which may be resold immediately in the public market. Shares of Class A common stock issued in the Reorganization to Pre-IPO Investors are “restricted securities” and their resale is subject to future registration or reliance on an exemption from registration. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.”

We and the selling stockholder have agreed with the underwriters not to dispose of or hedge any of our common stock, subject to specified exceptions, during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through the date 180 days after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC. Subject to this agreement, we may issue and sell, and the selling stockholder may sell, additional shares of Class A common stock in the future.

Our directors and executive officers, certain of their affiliates, our partners and certain of our stockholders have agreed with the underwriters not to dispose of or hedge any of our common stock, subject to specified exceptions, during the period from the date of this prospectus continuing through the date 180 days after the date of this prospectus, except with the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC. Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, our partners, the TPG Partner Vehicles and Pre-IPO Investors will also be restricted from transferring or exchanging their Class A common stock, Class B common stock or Common Units, as applicable, prior to the second anniversary of this offering. Between the second and third anniversary of this offering, the TPG Partner Vehicles and the TPG partners may transfer or exchange up to 33.33% of their Class A common stock, or any shares of Class B common stock or any Common Units owned as of the closing of this offering, as applicable; between the third and fourth anniversary of this offering, the TPG Partner Vehicles and the TPG partners may transfer or exchange up to 66.66% of their original holdings of Class A common stock, or any shares of Class B common stock or any Common Units owned as of the closing of this offering, as applicable; and after the fourth anniversary of this offering, the TPG Partner Vehicles and the TPG partners may transfer or exchange up to 100% of their original holdings Class A common stock, or any shares of Class B common stock or any Common Units, as applicable (in each case, with respect to Common Units, subject to the terms of the Exchange Agreement). Upon an exchange of Common Units for Class A common stock, pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, an equal number of Class B common stock will be cancelled for no additional consideration. The foregoing restrictions are subject to customary exceptions, including with respect to

 

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certain existing pledges and assignments of distributions from the TPG Operating Group and for transfers to related parties and charitable organizations. Up to $100 million (based on the initial public offering price per share of Class A common stock) of Class A common stock or equity instruments exchangeable for Class A common stock can be transferred to charitable organizations after expiration of the restricted period (as defined herein) and prior to the two year anniversary of this offering free of any subsequent transfer restrictions. In addition, we may waive the foregoing restrictions under certain circumstances as contemplated in the Investor Rights Agreement.

Furthermore, between the 181st day and one-year anniversary of this offering, the Pre-IPO Investors may sell up to 25% of their Class A common stock, Class B common stock or Common Units; between the one-year and eighteen-month anniversary of this offering, the Pre-IPO Investors may sell up to 50% of their Class A common stock, Class B common stock or Common Units; between the eighteen-month and second-year anniversary of this offering, the Pre-IPO Investors may sell up to 75% of their Class A common stock, Class B common stock or Common Units; and after the second-year anniversary, the Pre-IPO Investors may sell 100% of their Class A common stock, Class B common stock or Common Units, in each case, subject to the terms of the Exchange Agreement. Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, we will agree, to register the resale of our common stock after the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period and under certain circumstances.

The holders of outstanding Common Units have the right to have their Common Units exchanged for cash or (at our option) shares of Class A common stock and any disclosure of such exchange or the subsequent sale (or any disclosure of an intent to enter into such an exchange or subsequent sale) of such shares of Class A common stock may cause volatility in our stock price.

Immediately following the Reorganization, we will have an aggregate of 229,652,641 shares of Class A common stock that are issuable upon exchange of Common Units that are held by the Common Unit holders of the TPG Operating Group. The holders of Common Units will be entitled to have their Common Units exchanged for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or (at our option) shares of our Class A common stock.

We cannot predict the timing, size, or disclosure of any future issuances of our Class A common stock resulting from the exchange of Common Units or the effect, if any, that future issuances, disclosure, if any, or sales of shares of our Class A common stock may have on the market price of our Class A common stock. Sales or distributions of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock, or the perception that such sales or distributions could occur, may cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile, which could cause the value of your investment to decline.

Securities markets worldwide experience significant price and volume fluctuations. This market volatility, as well as general economic, market or political conditions, could reduce the market price of our Class A common stock in spite of our operating performance. In addition, our operating results could be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors, and in response, the market price of our Class A common stock could decrease significantly. You may be unable to resell your shares of our Class A common stock at or above the initial public offering price.

 

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Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of us more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management and may negatively affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our certificate of incorporation and bylaws will include provisions that:

 

   

provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum following the Sunset, before which time vacancies may be filled only by the Control Group;

 

   

require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent, except that action by written consent will be allowed for as long as we are a controlled company;

 

   

specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors or the executive chairman (or if there is no executive chairman, our chairman) of our board of directors;

 

   

establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors;

 

   

authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, up to 25,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock in one or more classes or series; and

 

   

reflect three classes of common stock, with Class B common stock having 10 votes per share and voting Class A common stock generally having one vote per share and nonvoting Class A common stock without voting rights until the shares are transferred, until the Sunset becomes effective, as discussed above.

These and other provisions may frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current management by making it more difficult for stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which is responsible for appointing the members of our management. Also, the Tax Receivable Agreement will provide that, in the event of a change of control, we will be required to make a payment equal to the present value of estimated future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, which would result in a significant payment becoming due in the event of a change of control. In addition, Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law (the “DGCL”) generally prohibits a Delaware corporation from engaging in any of a broad range of business combinations with any “interested” stockholder, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, for a period of three years following the date on which the stockholder became an “interested” stockholder. While we have elected in our certificate of incorporation not to be subject to Section 203 of the DGCL, our certificate of incorporation contains provisions that have the same effect as Section 203 of the DGCL, except that they provide that the TPG Operating Group, its affiliates, groups that include the TPG Operating Group and certain of their direct and indirect transferees will not be deemed to be “interested stockholders,” regardless of the percentage of our voting stock owned by them, and accordingly will not be subject to such restrictions. As a result, in the event of a business combination with any such persons, we will not be required to obtain the same stockholder approvals for certain transactions as other public companies subject to DGCL Section 203 and our stockholders will therefore not have the same protections with respect to certain transactions as stockholders of other public companies. See “Description of Capital Stock.”

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution as a result of this offering and may experience additional dilution in the future.

We expect the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock, after giving effect to the exchange of all outstanding Common Units for shares of our Class A common stock as if such units were all immediately

 

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exchangeable. Therefore, investors purchasing shares of Class A common stock in this offering will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds our pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering. As a result, investors will:

 

   

incur immediate dilution of $20.41 per share; and

 

   

contribute the total amount invested to date to fund our company, but will own only approximately 11% of the shares of our Class A common stock outstanding, after giving effect to the exchange of all Common Units outstanding immediately after the Reorganization and this offering for shares of our Class A common stock as if such units were all immediately exchangeable. See “Dilution.”

Investors in this offering will experience further dilution upon the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock under any equity incentive plans, including the Omnibus Plan. See “Executive and Director Compensation—Equity-Based Compensation Following the Offering.”

If securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our business or if they publish negative evaluations of our Class A common stock, the price of our Class A common stock could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not currently have and may never obtain research coverage by industry or financial analysts. If no or few analysts commence coverage of us, the trading price of our stock would likely decrease. Even if we do obtain analyst coverage, if one or more of the analysts covering our business downgrade their evaluations of our stock, the price of our Class A common stock could decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover our Class A common stock, we could lose visibility in the market for our stock, which in turn could cause our Class A common stock price to decline.

We will be required to pay our pre-IPO owners (or their assignees under the Tax Receivable Agreement) for most of the tax benefits that we may claim as a result of the Covered Tax Items.

Prior to the completion of this offering, we, the TPG Operating Group partnerships and one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries will enter into the Tax Receivable Agreement with certain holders of Common Units that provides for the payment by us (or our subsidiary) to such holders (or their assignees under the Tax Receivable Agreement) of 85% of the benefits, if any, that we realize, or we are deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions), as a result of the Covered Tax Items. The Covered Tax Items may increase and, therefore, may reduce the amount of tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future, although the IRS may challenge all or part of the validity of the Covered Tax Items, and a court could sustain such a challenge. Actual tax benefits realized by us may differ from tax benefits calculated under the Tax Receivable Agreement as a result of the use of certain assumptions in the Tax Receivable Agreement, including the use of an assumed weighted-average state and local income tax rate to calculate tax benefits.

The payment obligation under the Tax Receivable Agreement is our (or our wholly-owned subsidiaries’) obligation and not an obligation of the TPG Operating Group. While the amount of the Covered Tax Items, as well as the amount and timing of any payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, will vary depending upon a number of factors, we expect the payments that we may make under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be substantial. The actual amounts payable will depend upon, among other things, the timing of purchases or exchanges, tax rates, the price of shares of our Class A common stock at the time of such purchases or exchanges, the extent to which such purchases or exchanges are taxable and the amount and timing of our taxable income. The payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement are not conditioned upon continued ownership of us by the pre-IPO owners. See “—In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.”

 

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In certain cases, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated and/or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement.

Our payment obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be accelerated in the event of certain changes of control, in certain events of bankruptcy or liquidation, or if we elect to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement early. The accelerated payments required in such circumstances will be calculated by reference to the present value (at a discount rate equal to the lesser of (i) 6.5% per annum and (ii) one year LIBOR (as defined herein) (or its successor rate) plus 100 basis points) of all future payments that holders of Common Units or other recipients would have been entitled to receive under the Tax Receivable Agreement, and such accelerated payments and any other future payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will utilize certain valuation assumptions, including that we will have sufficient taxable income to fully utilize the Covered Tax Items and that we are not subject to any alternative minimum tax. In addition, recipients of payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will not reimburse us for any payments previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreement if the tax attributes or our utilization of tax attributes underlying the relevant Tax Receivable Agreement payment are successfully challenged by the IRS (although any such detriment would be taken into account as an offset against future payments due to the relevant recipient under the Tax Receivable Agreement). Our ability to achieve benefits from the Covered Tax Items, will depend upon a number of factors, including the timing and amount of our future income. As a result, even in the absence of a change of control or an election to terminate the Tax Receivable Agreement early, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement could be in excess of 85% of our actual cash tax benefits.

Accordingly, it is possible that the actual cash tax benefits realized by us may be significantly less than the corresponding Tax Receivable Agreement payments. It is also possible that payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be made years in advance of the actual realization, if any, of the anticipated future tax benefits, including in circumstances in which we are subject to an alternative minimum tax and as a result are not able to realize the tax benefits associated with Covered Tax Items. There may be a material negative effect on our liquidity if the payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement exceed the actual cash tax benefits that we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement and/or if distributions to us by the TPG Operating Group are not sufficient to permit us to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement after we have paid taxes and other expenses. We expect that if the Tax Receivable Agreement were terminated immediately after this offering, the estimated termination payment would, based on various assumptions as of the date of this prospectus, be approximately $1,438.7 million (calculated using a discount rate equal to one-year LIBOR plus 1.00%, applied against an undiscounted liability of $1,631.9 million). The actual amounts we will be required to pay may materially differ from these hypothetical amounts, depending on the actual timing of the termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement, the fair market value of our Class A common stock at the time of such termination, the prevailing one-year LIBOR at the time of such termination and a number of other factors. We may need to incur additional indebtedness to finance payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement to the extent our cash resources are insufficient to meet our obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement as a result of timing discrepancies or otherwise, and these obligations could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing certain mergers, asset sales, other forms of business combinations or other changes of control.

The acceleration of payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the case of certain changes of control may impair our ability to consummate change of control transactions or negatively impact the value received by owners of our Class A common stock.

In the case of certain changes of control, payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement will be accelerated and may significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize in respect of the tax attributes subject to the Tax Receivable Agreement. We expect that the payments that we may make under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event of a change of control will be substantial. As a result, our accelerated payment obligations and/or the assumptions adopted under the Tax Receivable Agreement in the case of a change of control may impair our ability to consummate change of control transactions or negatively impact the value received by owners of our Class A common stock in a change of control transaction.

 

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Our certificate of incorporation will designate the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware as the sole and exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders and will designate the U.S. federal district courts as the sole and exclusive forum for claims arising under the Securities Act (as defined herein), which, in each case, could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees, agents or other stockholders.

Our certificate of incorporation provides that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for any (a) derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company; (b) action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by or other wrongdoing by any current or former director, officer, employee, agent or stockholder of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders; (c) action asserting a claim arising under any provision of the DGCL or our certificate of incorporation or our bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware; or (d) action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. For the avoidance of doubt, our certificate of incorporation also provides that the foregoing exclusive forum provision does not apply to actions brought to enforce any liability or duty created by the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or the Exchange Act, or any other claim or cause of action for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction.

Our certificate of incorporation also provides that, unless we consent in writing to an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America shall be the sole and exclusive forum for the resolution of any action asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and that its provisions will not preclude or contract the scope of exclusive federal jurisdiction for suits brought under the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. However, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits asserting a claim arising under the Securities Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; accordingly, we cannot be certain that a court would enforce such provision. Pursuant to the Exchange Act, claims arising thereunder must be brought in federal district courts of the United States of America.

To the fullest extent permitted by law, any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in any shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the forum provision in our certificate of incorporation. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a different judicial forum, including one that it may find favorable or convenient for a specified class of disputes with us or our directors, officers, other stockholders, agents or employees, which may discourage such lawsuits, make them more difficult or expensive to pursue, and result in outcomes that are less favorable to such stockholders than outcomes that may have been attainable in other jurisdictions. By agreeing to this provision, however, our stockholders will not be deemed to have waived (and cannot waive) compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ certificates of incorporation has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find the choice of forum provisions in our certificate of incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related to Our Indebtedness

Our use of borrowings to finance our business exposes us to risks.

We use indebtedness as a means to finance our business operations, which exposes us to the typical risks associated with using leverage, including those discussed under “—Dependence on significant leverage by certain of our funds and investments could adversely affect the ability of our funds to achieve attractive rates of return on those investments.” We have outstanding notes due June 20, 2038 as well as revolving credit facilities

 

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with various maturity dates. See “Description of Material Indebtedness” for further information regarding our outstanding indebtedness. We are dependent on financial institutions extending credit to us on reasonable terms to finance our business, and on our ability to access the debt and equity capital markets, which can be volatile. There is no guarantee that such institutions will continue to extend credit to us or will renew the existing credit agreements we have with them, or that we will be able to refinance our outstanding notes or other obligations when they mature. In addition, the incurrence of additional debt in the future could result in downgrades of our existing corporate credit ratings, which could limit the availability of future financing or increase our cost of borrowing. As borrowings under our credit facilities or any other indebtedness mature, we may be required to refinance them by either entering into new facilities or issuing additional debt, which could result in higher borrowing costs, or issuing additional equity, which would dilute existing stockholders. We could also repay them by using cash on hand, cash provided by our continuing operations or cash from the sale of our assets, which could reduce the amount of cash available to facilitate the growth and expansion of our businesses and pay dividends to our stockholders and operating expenses and other obligations as they arise. We may be unable to enter into new facilities or issue debt or equity securities in the future on attractive terms, or at all.

Furthermore, the existing credit agreements and instruments governing our debt contain covenants with which we need to comply. Non-compliance with any of the covenants without cure or waiver would constitute an event of default, and an event of default resulting from a breach of certain covenants could result, at the option of the lenders, in an acceleration of the principal and interest outstanding, and a termination of the credit agreements or instruments governing our debt.

We have significant liquidity requirements, and adverse market and economic conditions may negatively impact our sources of liquidity, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

We expect that our primary liquidity needs include cash required to:

 

   

continue growing our businesses, including seeding new strategies, pursuing strategic investments or acquisitions, funding our capital commitments made to existing and future funds and co-investments, funding any net capital requirements of our broker-dealer and otherwise supporting investment vehicles that we sponsor;

 

   

support our working capital needs;

 

   

service debt obligations, including the payment of obligations at maturity, on interest payment dates or upon redemption, as well as any contingent liabilities that may give rise to future cash payments;

 

   

fund cash operating expenses, including compensation and contingencies, including for clawback obligations or litigation matters;

 

   

pay amounts that may become due under the Tax Receivable Agreement;

 

   

pay cash dividends in accordance with our dividend policy for our Class A common stock;

 

   

warehouse investments in portfolio companies or other investments for the benefit of one or more of our funds or other investment pending contribution of committed capital by the investors in such vehicles and advance capital to them for other operational needs;

 

   

address capital needs of regulated and other subsidiaries, including our broker-dealer; and

 

   

exchange Common Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement or repurchase or redeem other securities issued by us.

These liquidity requirements are significant and, in some cases, involve capital that will remain invested for extended periods of time. As of September 30, 2021, we had approximately $449.3 million of remaining unfunded capital commitments to our funds. Our commitments to our funds will require significant cash outlays

 

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over time, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flows from realizations of investments to fund them. We have used our balance sheet to provide credit support to the Co-Invest Leverage Facility (as defined herein) used by certain personnel in connection with their commitments to our funds and the GP Services Credit Facility (as defined herein) to facilitate and manage the investments by partners, employees and other participants in certain of our funds. In addition, we have used our balance sheet to provide credit support to backstop certain clawback obligations to our funds. We have also used our balance sheet to provide credit support for guarantees related to certain operating leases for our offices.

In addition, as of September 30, 2021, on a pro forma basis as adjusted for the Reorganization and this offering, we had $444.9 million of indebtedness outstanding under our credit facilities and secured borrowings and $2,087.5 million of cash and cash equivalents. Depending on market conditions, we may be unable to refinance or renew all or part of our secured borrowings or our credit facility, or find alternate sources of financing (including issuing equity), on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Furthermore, the incurrence of additional debt by us or our subsidiaries in the future could result in downgrades of our existing corporate credit ratings, which could limit the availability of future financing and increase our costs of borrowing.

In addition, our broker-dealer from time to time makes significant drawdowns under a revolving credit facility to satisfy net capital requirements arising from its underwriting commitments. These drawdowns could also put pressure on our liquidity or limit our ability to allocate our capital efficiently across our businesses. To the extent we do not have access to our broker-dealer’s revolving credit facility or other liquidity, regulatory net capital requirements could limit our broker-dealer’s ability to participate in underwriting or other transactions.

Finally, if cumulative distributions to our funds’ investors are not in accordance with the distributions described in the applicable fund governing documents, the general partner is required to make payments to the investors in an amount necessary to correct the deficiency. We typically guarantee such clawback obligations on behalf of each fund’s general partner. Adverse economic conditions may increase the likelihood of triggering these general partner obligations. If one or more such general partner obligations were triggered, we may not have available cash to repay the performance allocations and satisfy such obligations. If we were unable to repay such performance allocations, we would be in breach of the relevant governing agreements with our fund investors and could be subject to liability. Any of the foregoing could lead to a substantial decrease in our revenues and to material adverse impacts on our reputation.

In the event that our liquidity requirements were to exceed available liquid assets for the reasons we specify above or for any other reasons, we could be forced to sell assets or seek to raise debt or equity capital on unfavorable terms. For further discussion of our liquidity needs, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity.”

Dependence on significant leverage by certain of our funds and their investments could adversely affect the ability of our funds to achieve attractive rates of return on those investments.

Many of our funds’ investments rely on the use of leverage, and our ability to achieve attractive rates of return on investments will depend on our ability to access sufficient sources of indebtedness at attractive rates. The absence of available sources of sufficient debt financing at attractive rates for extended periods of time could therefore materially and adversely affect our funds.

An increase in the overall cost of debt required by providers of that indebtedness would make it more expensive to finance those investments, thereby reducing returns. Further, the interest payments on the indebtedness used to finance our funds’ investments are generally deductible expenses for income tax purposes, subject to limitations under applicable tax law and policy. Any change in such tax law or policy to eliminate or limit these income tax deductions, as has been discussed from time to time in various jurisdictions, would reduce the after-tax rates of return on the affected investments. See “—Changes in the debt financing markets or higher interest rates could negatively impact the ability of certain of our funds and their investments to obtain attractive

 

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financing or re-financing and could increase the cost of such financing if it is obtained, which could lead to lower-yielding investments and could potentially decrease our net income.”

In addition, a portion of the indebtedness used to finance our funds’ investments often includes leveraged loans and debt instruments privately placed with institutional investors. Availability of capital from the leveraged loan, high-yield and private debt markets is subject to market volatility, and there may be times when our funds might not be able to access those markets at attractive rates, or at all, when completing an investment. Additionally, to the extent there is a reduction in the availability of financing for extended periods of time, the purchasing power of a prospective buyer may be more limited, adversely impacting the fair value of our funds’ investments and thereby reducing the acquisition price.

Investments in highly leveraged entities are also inherently more sensitive to declines in revenues, increases in expenses and interest rates and volatile or adverse economic, market and industry developments. Additionally, the interests (whether in securities or otherwise) acquired by our funds in their investments may be the most junior in what could be a complex capital structure, and thus subject us to the greatest risk of loss in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of one of these investments. Furthermore, the incurrence of a significant amount of indebtedness by an investment could, among other things:

 

   

subject the entity to a number of affirmative, negative and financial covenants, terms and conditions, any violation of which would be viewed by creditors as an event of default and could materially impact our ability to realize value from the investment;

 

   

allow even moderate reductions in operating cash flow to render the entity unable to service its indebtedness, leading to a bankruptcy or other reorganization of the entity and a loss of part or all of the equity investment in it;

 

   

limit the entity’s ability to adjust to changing market conditions, thereby placing it at a competitive disadvantage compared to its competitors who have relatively less debt;

 

   

limit the entity’s ability to engage in strategic acquisitions that might be necessary to generate attractive returns or further growth; and

 

   

limit the entity’s ability to obtain additional financing or increase the cost of obtaining such financing, including for capital expenditures, working capital or other general corporate purposes.

A leveraged investment’s equity value also tends to increase or decrease at a greater rate than would otherwise be the case if money had not been borrowed. As a result, the risk of loss associated with a leveraged investment is generally greater than for investments with comparatively less debt. For example, leveraged investments could default on their debt obligations due to a decrease in cash flow precipitated by an economic downturn or by poor relative performance at such a company. Similarly, the leveraged nature of the investments of our real assets funds increases the risk that a decline in the fair value of the underlying real estate or tangible assets will result in their abandonment or foreclosure.

When our funds’ existing investments reach the point when debt incurred to finance those investments matures in significant amounts and must be either repaid or refinanced, those investments may materially suffer if they have generated insufficient cash flow to repay maturing debt and there is insufficient capacity and availability in the financing markets to permit them to refinance maturing debt on satisfactory terms, or at all. If a limited availability of financing for such purposes were to persist for an extended period of time, when significant amounts of the debt incurred to finance our funds’ investments came due, these funds could be materially and adversely affected. Additionally, if such limited availability of financing persists, our funds may also not be able to recoup their investments, as issuers of debt become unable to repay their borrowings, which will affect both their equity and debt investors. Moreover, in the event of default or potential default under applicable financing arrangements, one or more of our investments may go bankrupt, which could give rise to substantial investment losses, adverse claims or litigation against us or our employees and damage to our reputation.

 

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Many of our funds may choose to use leverage as part of their investment programs and regularly borrow a substantial amount of their capital. The use of leverage poses a significant degree of risk and enhances the possibility of a significant loss in the value of the investment portfolio. A fund may borrow money from time to time to purchase or carry securities or debt obligations or may enter into derivative transactions (such as total return swaps) with counterparties that have embedded leverage. The interest expense and other costs incurred in connection with such borrowing may not be recovered by appreciation in the securities purchased or carried and will be lost, and the timing and magnitude of such losses may be accelerated or exacerbated, in the event of a decline in the market value of such securities or debt obligations. Gains realized with borrowed funds may cause the fund’s net asset value to increase at a faster rate than would be the case without borrowings. However, if investment results fail to cover the cost of borrowings, the fund’s net asset value will also decrease faster than if there had been no borrowings. Increases in interest rates could also decrease the value of fixed-rate debt investment that our investment funds make. In addition, to the extent that any changes in tax law make debt financing less attractive to certain categories of borrowers, this could adversely affect the investment opportunities for funds, particularly those that invest in debt securities, loans and other credit-related investments.

Any of the foregoing circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Changes in the debt financing markets or higher interest rates could negatively impact the ability of certain of our funds and their investments to obtain attractive financing or re-financing and could increase the cost of such financing if it is obtained, which could lead to lower-yielding investments and could potentially decrease our net income.

A period of sharply rising interest rates could create downward pressure on the price of real estate, increase the cost and availability of debt financing for the transactions our funds pursue and decrease the value of fixed-rate debt investments made by our funds, each of which may have an adverse impact on our business. In addition, a significant contraction or weakening in the market for debt financing or other adverse change relating to the terms of debt financing, including higher interest rates and equity requirements or more restrictive covenants, could have a material adverse impact on our business and that of our investment funds and their investments. Moreover, the financing of new investments or the operations of our funds’ investments may become less attractive due to limitations on the deductibility of net interest expense. See“—Risks Related to Our Industry—Changes in relevant tax laws, regulations or treaties or an adverse interpretation of these items by tax authorities could negatively impact our effective tax rate and tax liability.”

If our funds are unable to obtain committed debt financing for potential acquisitions, can only obtain debt financing at an increased interest rate or on unfavorable terms or the ability to deduct corporate interest expense is substantially limited, our funds may face increased competition from strategic buyers of assets who may have an overall lower cost of capital or the ability to benefit from a higher amount of cost savings following an acquisition, or may have difficulty completing otherwise profitable acquisitions or may generate profits that are lower than would otherwise be the case, each of which could lead to a decrease in our revenues. In addition, rising interest rates, coupled with periods of significant equity and credit market volatility may potentially make it more difficult for us to find attractive opportunities for our funds to exit and realize value from their existing investments. Furthermore, any failure by lenders to provide previously committed financing can also expose us to potential claims by sellers of businesses that we may have contracted to purchase.

Our funds’ portfolio company investments also regularly utilize the corporate loan and bond markets to obtain financing for their operations. To the extent monetary policy, tax or other regulatory changes or difficult credit markets render such financing difficult to obtain, more expensive or otherwise less attractive, this may negatively impact the financial results of those investments and, therefore, the investment returns on our funds. In addition, to the extent that conditions in the credit markets or tax or other regulatory changes impair the ability of our investments to refinance or extend maturities on their outstanding debt, either on favorable terms or at all,

 

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the financial results of those portfolio companies may be negatively impacted, which could impair the value of our funds’ investments and lead to a decrease in the investment income earned by us. In some cases, the inability of our funds’ investments to refinance or extend maturities may result in the inability of those investments to repay debt at maturity or pay interests when due, and may cause the companies to sell assets, undergo a recapitalization or seek bankruptcy protection, any of which would also likely impair the value of our funds’ investment and lead to a decrease in investment income earned by us.

Interest rates on our and our investments’ outstanding financial instruments might be subject to change based on regulatory developments, which could adversely affect our revenue, expenses and the value of those financial instruments.

LIBOR and certain other floating rate benchmark indices, including the Euro Interbank Offered Rate, Tokyo Interbank Offered Rate, Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate and Singapore Interbank Offered Rate (collectively, “IBORs”), are the subject of recent national, international and regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms may cause such benchmarks to perform differently than in the past or have other consequences which cannot be predicted.

As a result, interest rates on our, our funds’ and their investments’ floating rate obligations, loans, deposits, derivatives, and other financial instruments tied to IBORs, as well as the revenue and expenses associated with those financial instruments, may be adversely affected. Further, any uncertainty regarding the continued use and reliability of any IBOR as a benchmark interest rate could adversely affect the value of our, our funds’ and their investments’ financial instruments tied to such rates. There is no guarantee that a transition from any IBOR to an alternative will not result in financial market disruptions or a significant increase in volatility in risk free benchmark rates or borrowing costs to borrowers, any of which could have a direct or indirect adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and share price. We continue to monitor and manage the foregoing changes and related risks on our and our funds’ investments to reduce any adverse effect it may have on us and our investments. In addition, we continue to oversee or manage (as appropriate to our level of day-to-day involvement in the oversight and management of our investments) our funds’ investments’ monitoring and management of the foregoing change and related risks.

In addition, meaningful time and effort is required to transition to the use of new benchmark rates, including with respect to the negotiation and implementation of any necessary changes to existing contractual arrangements and the implementation of changes to our, our funds’ and their investments’ systems and processes. Negotiating and implementing necessary amendments to our, our funds’ or their investments’ existing contractual arrangements may be particularly costly and time consuming. We are actively evaluating the operational and other impacts of such changes and managing transition efforts accordingly.

The replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate may negatively impact our funds’ liquidity and result in an overall increase to borrowing costs, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) is an estimate of the interest rates to borrow U.S. dollars (“USD”), sterling, euros and certain other currencies in the London unsecured interbank market and has been widely used as a reference for setting the interest rate on loans, bonds and derivatives globally. The U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) announced its intention to phase out the creation of LIBOR estimates by the end of 2021, including transitioning to alternative reference rates. However, in March 2021, ICE Benchmark Administration Limited (“IBA”), the LIBOR administrator, announced that it will cease the publication of all British pound, euro, Swiss franc and Japanese yen LIBOR settings and cease the publication of the one-week and two-month USD LIBOR settings immediately following the LIBOR publication on December 31, 2021 and the remaining USD LIBOR settings immediately following the LIBOR publication on June 30, 2023. This announcement effectively extends the end of USD LIBOR. Concurrently with each IBA announcement, the FCA published statements in support of the IBA announcements, including IBA’s proposed extension of the

 

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publication of most USD LIBOR tenors, noting that the extension would provide time to address the legacy contracts that reference USD LIBOR.

The U.S. Federal Reserve (the “Federal Reserve”), in conjunction with the Alternative Reference Rates Committee, is also recommending replacing USD LIBOR with a new reference rate derived from short-term repurchase agreements backed by Treasury securities, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). However, certain market constituencies have criticized SOFR’s suitability as a LIBOR replacement, and the extent of SOFR-based instruments issued or trading in the market remains a fraction of LIBOR-based instruments. As such, there remains uncertainty regarding the future utilization of LIBOR and other “IBORS,” and the nature of any replacement rates.

Certain of our funds’ investments may have interest rates with a LIBOR reference. As a result, the transition away from LIBOR could adversely impact such funds. Even if replacement conventions (e.g., SOFR) are adopted in the lending and bond markets, it is uncertain whether they might affect the funds as investors in floating-rate instruments, including by:

 

   

affecting liquidity of the funds’ investments in the secondary market and their market value;

 

   

reducing the interest rate earned by the funds as holders of such investments (either generally or in certain market cycles) due to the use of a collateralized, overnight rate and credit spread adjustments instead of an unsecured, term rate; or

 

   

causing the funds to incur expenses to manage the transition away from LIBOR.

Also, although our funds’ instruments contemplate a scenario where LIBOR is no longer available by providing for an alternative rate setting methodology and mechanisms to amend the applicable reference rate, there are significant uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of any such alternative methodologies. As such, the funds may need to renegotiate the terms of credit agreements with certain issuers of investments that utilize LIBOR in order to replace it with the new standard convention that is established, which could result in increased costs for the funds.

Our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies may also enter into swaps and similar instruments that reference LIBOR, including swaps used to manage long-term interest rate risk related to assets and/or liabilities. In addition to the funds potentially needing to renegotiate some of those instruments to address a transition away from LIBOR, there also may be different conventions that arise in different but related market segments, which could result in mismatches between different assets and liabilities and, in turn, cause possible unexpected gains and/or losses for the funds. In addition and as further described above, some of the standard conventions under consideration, including SOFR, are conceptually different than LIBOR, in that they are overnight, secured rates instead of unsecured, term rates, which could behave differently from LIBOR in ways that cause the funds to owe greater payments or receive less payments under its derivatives, at least during certain market cycles. Some of these replacement rates may also be subject to compounding or similar adjustments that cause the amount of any payment referencing a replacement rate not to be determined until the end of the relevant calculation period, rather than at the beginning, which could lead to administrative challenges for the funds.

Furthermore, even though the terms of our funds’ credit facilities provide for mechanics to amend the documentation in order to reflect a replacement rate in the event of a transition away from LIBOR, the determination of such replacement rate may require further negotiation, including between a fund’s general partner and the applicable lender(s). There can be no assurance that an agreement between the parties will be reached, and the terms of the funds’ credit facilities may also provide that, during any applicable transition period, the amounts drawn under the funds’ credit facilities may bear interest at a higher rate. In addition, even if an agreement is reached with respect to a replacement rate for LIBOR, the applicable lender may have the ability to make certain changes to the terms of a fund’s credit facility to implement the new rate, which the fund may have no control over.

 

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Finally, on October 23, 2020, the International Swap and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) launched (i) Supplement number 70 to the 2006 ISDA Definitions (“IBOR Supplement”) and (ii) the ISDA 2020 IBOR Fallbacks Protocol (“IBOR Protocol”). The IBOR Supplement is intended to enhance the robustness of derivatives contracts traded on or after January 25, 2021 by addressing the risk that some IBORs are permanently discontinued or, in the case of LIBOR, cease to be representative, by applying fallbacks to specified alternative references rates upon such a trigger. The IBOR Protocol permits adhering parties to amend in-scope transactions entered into prior to January 25, 2021 on similar terms. These documents are a critical element to industry efforts to facilitate the derivatives markets’ transition away from LIBOR and other IBORs.

If the transition from LIBOR results in an overall increase to borrowing costs, higher interest expense could negatively affect the financial results and valuations of our funds’ portfolio companies. Transition to a new reference rate also requires an upgrade to the software and systems that our third-party vendors use to properly record and process loans and other instruments based on the new rate. Such upgrade may not become available in time or its implementation could be delayed because of the uncertainty regarding the transition from LIBOR. Any failure to timely implement the necessary software or systems upgrade could negatively impact our business operation. There is no guarantee that a transition from LIBOR to an alternative will not result in financial market disruptions, significant increases or volatility in risk-free benchmark rates or borrowing costs to borrowers, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Risks Related to Our Industry

The investment management business is intensely competitive, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

We compete as an investment manager for both fund investors and investment opportunities. The investment management business is highly fragmented, with our principal competitors being sponsors of private funds and operating companies acting as strategic buyers of businesses. Competition for fund investors is based on a variety of factors, including:

 

   

investment performance;

 

   

investor liquidity and willingness to invest;

 

   

investor perception of investment managers’ drive, focus and alignment of interest;

 

   

business reputation;

 

   

quality of services provided to and duration of relationships with fund investors;

 

   

pricing and fund terms, including fees;

 

   

the relative attractiveness of the types of investments that have been or will be made; and

 

   

consideration of ESG issues.

Further, we believe that competition for investment opportunities is based primarily on the pricing, terms and structure of a proposed investment and certainty of execution.

A variety of factors could exacerbate the competitive risks we face, including:

 

   

fund investors may reduce their investments in our funds or decrease their allocations in new funds based on a variety of factors, such as the occurrence of an economic downturn, their available capital, regulatory requirements or a desire to consolidate their relationships with investment firms;

 

   

some of our competitors may have agreed, or may agree, to terms on their funds or products that are more favorable to fund investors than those of our funds or products, such as lower management fees, greater fee sharing or higher hurdles for performance allocations, and we may be unable to match or otherwise revise our terms;

 

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some of our funds may not perform as well as competitors’ funds or other available investment products;

 

   

some of our competitors may have raised, or may raise, significant amounts of capital and may have similar investment objectives and strategies to our funds, which could create additional competition for investment opportunities and reduce the size and duration of pricing inefficiencies that many alternative investment strategies seek to exploit;

 

   

some of our competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to funding sources that are not available to us;

 

   

some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances, different risk assessments or lower return thresholds, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and bid more aggressively than us for investments;

 

   

some of our competitors may be subject to less regulation or less regulatory scrutiny and, accordingly, may have more flexibility to undertake and execute certain businesses or investments than we do and/or bear less expense to comply with such regulations than we bear;

 

   

there are relatively few barriers to entry impeding the formation of new funds, including a relatively low cost of entering these businesses, and the successful efforts of new entrants into our various lines of business have resulted, and may continue to result, in increased competition;

 

   

if, as we expect, allocation of assets to alternative investment strategies increases, there may be increased competition for alternative investments and access to fund general partners and managers;

 

   

some of our competitors may have instituted, or may institute, low cost, high speed financial applications and services based on artificial intelligence, and new competitors may enter the investment management space using new investment platforms based on artificial intelligence;

 

   

the proliferation of SPACs entering the market may compete with our funds for investment opportunities and drive up asset prices;

 

   

some investors may prefer to pursue investments directly instead of investing through one of our funds;

 

   

some investors may prefer to invest with an investment manager that is not publicly traded, is smaller or manages fewer investment products; and

 

   

other industry participants continuously seek to recruit our investment professionals and other key personnel away from us.

We may lose investment opportunities in the future if we do not match investment prices, structures and terms offered by competitors. For example, competitors that are corporate buyers may be able to achieve synergistic cost savings in respect of an investment, which may allow them to submit a higher bid. Alternatively, we may experience decreased investment returns and increased risks of loss if we match investment prices, structures and terms offered by competitors. As a result, if we are forced to compete with other investment firms on the basis of price, we may be unable to maintain our current fees or other terms. There is a risk that management fees and performance allocations in the alternative investment management industry will decline, without regard to the historical performance of a manager. Management fee or performance allocation income reductions on existing or future funds, without corresponding decreases in our cost structure, would negatively impact our revenues and profitability and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

In addition, if market conditions for competing investment products were to become more favorable, such products could offer rates of return superior to those achieved by our funds and the attractiveness of our funds relative to investments in other investment products could decrease. This competitive pressure could negatively impact our ability to make successful investments and limit our ability to raise future funds, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

 

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Climate change and climate change-related regulation could adversely affect our business.

TPG and our portfolio companies face risks associated with climate change including risks related to the impact of climate-and ESG-related legislation and regulation (both domestically and internationally), risks related to climate-related business trends, and risks stemming from the physical impacts of climate change. In addition, uncertainties related to climate change and climate change-related regulation may adversely impact TPG Rise Climate, our dedicated climate impact investing product.

New climate change-related regulations or interpretations of existing laws may result in enhanced disclosure obligations, which could negatively affect us or our portfolio companies and materially increase our regulatory burden. Increased regulations generally increase our costs, and we could continue to experience higher costs if new laws require us to spend more time, hire additional personnel or buy new technology to comply effectively. In particular, compliance with climate- and other ESG-related rules in the EU is expected to result in increased legal and compliance costs and expenses which would be borne by us and our funds. See “Risks Related to Our Business—We are subject to increasing scrutiny from fund investors and regulators on ESG matters, which may constrain investment opportunities for our funds and negatively impact our ability to raise capital from such investors.” At the portfolio company level, while we have increasingly and substantially sought to invest in sectors that are inherently lower carbon intensity (e.g., technology, healthcare) which decreases transition risk, there are still individual portfolio companies in these and other sectors that could face transition risk if carbon-related regulations or taxes are implemented. Further, advances in climate science may change society’s understanding of sources and magnitudes of negative effects on climate, which could negatively impact portfolio company financial performance and regulatory jeopardy.

In addition, TPG faces business trend-related climate risks including the increased attention to climate-related legislation and regulation by our fund investors. Certain fund investors have considered ESG factors, including climate risks, in determining whether to invest in our funds. See “Risks Related to Our Business—We are subject to increasing scrutiny from fund investors and regulators on ESG matters, which may constrain investment opportunities for our funds and negatively impact our ability to raise capital from such investors.” For our portfolio companies, business trends related to climate change may require capital expenditures, product or service redesigns, and changes to operations and supply chains to meet changing customer expectations. While this can create opportunities, not addressing these changed expectations could create business risks for portfolio companies, which could negatively impact the returns in our funds.

Further, significant physical effects of climate change including extreme weather events such as hurricanes or floods, can also have an adverse impact on certain of our portfolio companies and investments, especially our real asset investments and portfolio companies that rely on physical factories, plants or stores located in the affected areas. As the effects of climate change increase, we expect the frequency and impact of weather and climate related events and conditions to increase as well. For example, unseasonal or violent weather events can have a material impact to businesses or properties that focus on tourism or recreational travel.

While the geographic distribution of our portfolio inherently limits TPG’s physical climate risk, some physical risk is inherent in the companies in our portfolio, particularly in some real estate holdings and Asia- and Africa-based investments and in the unknown potential for extreme weather that could occur related to climate change.

We expect TPG Rise Climate to face climate-related risks of a different nature. For example, an absence of future regulation, particularly in the United States, the U.K. and the European Union, around climate change and carbon output control could lead to diminished market demand in TPG Rise Climate’s investment sectors. Additionally, implementation of the Paris Agreement and other climate-related initiatives by international, federal, state and regional policymakers and regulatory authorities and the pace of private actors seeking to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are uncertain. Uneven or slow implementation could negatively impact the speed of growth for the companies in TPG Rise Climate. Further, non-implementation could negatively impact

 

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the fund overall. In addition, different jurisdictions could classify investments made by TPG Rise Climate differently in terms of their sustainability, and thereby could open some assets to so-called transition risks.

Difficult economic and market conditions could negatively impact our businesses in many ways, including by reducing the value or hampering the performance of our funds’ investments or reducing our funds’ ability to raise or deploy capital, each of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Our business is materially affected by conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions or events throughout the world that are outside of our control, such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws (including laws relating to taxation and regulations on the financial industry), pandemics or other severe public health events, trade barriers, commodity prices, currency exchange rates and controls, national and international political circumstances (including government shutdowns, wars, terrorist acts or security operations) and the effects of climate change. Recently, markets have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. interest rates, the imposition of trade barriers, ongoing trade negotiations with major U.S. trading partners and changes in U.S. tax regulations. See “—Risks Related to Our Business—The COVID-19 pandemic caused severe disruptions in the U.S. and global economies and has impacted, and may continue to negatively impact, our business and our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.” These conditions, events and factors are outside our control and may affect the level and volatility of securities prices and the liquidity and the value of investments, and we may not be able to or may choose not to manage our exposure to them.

Volatility in the global financial markets or a financial downturn could negatively impact our business in a number of ways. Volatility or unfavorable market and economic conditions could reduce opportunities for our funds to make, exit and realize value from, and expected returns on, their existing investments. When financing is not available or becomes too costly, it is difficult for potential buyers to raise sufficient capital to purchase our funds’ investments, and we may earn lower-than-expected returns on them, which could cause us to realize diminished or no performance allocations. Further, volatility caused by the COVID-19 pandemic or other geopolitical or macroeconomic factors in global markets, such as the withdrawal of the U.K. from the EU, which is commonly referred to as “Brexit,” could have a greater negative effect on industries that are more sensitive to changes in consumer demand, such as the travel and leisure, gaming and real estate industries. For example, due to the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertainty surrounding Brexit, the U.K.-focused Financial Time Stock Exchange 100 ended the year down 14% in 2020, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite returned 44%. If not otherwise offset, declines in the equity, debt and commodity markets would likely cause us to write down our funds’ investments. Our profitability may also be negatively impacted by our fixed costs and the possibility that we would be unable to scale back other costs within a time frame sufficient to match any decreases in net income relating to a downturn in market and economic conditions.

During periods of difficult market conditions or slowdowns, our funds’ portfolio companies or assets in which we have invested may experience adverse operating performance, decreased revenues, financial losses, credit rating downgrades, difficulty in obtaining access to financing and increased funding costs. These companies may also have difficulty expanding their businesses and operations, meeting their debt service obligations or paying other expenses as they become due, including amounts payable to us. Negative financial results in our funds’ portfolio companies could result in less appreciation across the portfolio and lower investment returns for our funds. Because our funds generally make a limited number of investments, negative financial results in a few of a fund’s portfolio companies could severely impact the fund’s total returns, which could negatively affect our ability to raise new funds, the performance allocations we receive and the value of our investments. Further, such negative market conditions could potentially result in a portfolio company entering bankruptcy proceedings, or in the case of certain real estate funds, the abandonment or foreclosure of investments, which could result in a complete loss of the fund’s investment in such portfolio company and negatively impact the fund’s performance and, consequently, the performance allocations we receive and the value of our investment, as well as our reputation.

 

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Receipt of lower investment returns from our funds during a period of difficult market conditions could cause our cash flow from operations to significantly decrease, which could negatively impact our liquidity position and the amount of cash we have on hand to conduct our operations and pay dividends to our stockholders. The generation of less performance allocations could also affect our leverage ratios, external credit ratings and compliance with our credit facility covenants as well as our ability to renew or refinance all or part of our credit facility and contractual obligations. Having less cash on hand could in turn require us to rely on other sources of cash, such as the capital markets, to conduct our operations.

In addition, volatility or unfavorable market and economic conditions could make it difficult for our funds to find suitable investments or secure financing for investments on attractive terms. Heightened equity and credit market volatility could negatively impact availability and cost of financing for significant acquisitions and dispositions. For example, in the United States, high yield credit spreads rose by nearly 750 basis points (bps) during the first quarter of 2020. If credit markets weaken, our funds may be unable to consummate significant acquisitions and dispositions on acceptable terms or at all. A general slowdown in global merger and acquisition activity due to the lack of suitable financing or an increase in uncertainty could slow in our investment pace, which in turn could negatively impact our ability to generate future performance allocations and fully invest the available capital in our funds. A slowdown in the deployment of our available capital could impact the management fees we earn on funds that generate fees based on invested (and not committed) capital, including our ability to raise, and the timing of raising, successor funds.

Market volatility could also negatively impact our fundraising efforts in several ways. We generally raise capital for a successor fund following the substantial and successful deployment of capital from the existing fund. Poor performance by existing funds as a result of market conditions could impair our ability to raise new funds as could any change in or rebalancing of fund investors’ asset allocation policies. Investors often allocate to alternative asset classes (including private equity) based on a target percentage of their overall portfolio. If the value of an investor’s portfolio decreases as a whole, the amount available to allocate to alternative assets (including private equity) could decline. Further, investors often take into account the amount of distributions they have received from existing funds when considering commitments to new funds. General market volatility or a reduction in distributions to investors could cause investors to delay making new commitments to funds or negotiate for lower fees, different fee sharing arrangements for transaction or other fees and other concessions. The outcome of such negotiations could result in our agreement to terms that are materially less favorable to us than for prior funds we have managed, and a decrease in the amount an investor commits to our funds could have an impact on the ultimate size of the fund and amount of management fees we generate.

Extensive regulation of our businesses affects our activities and creates the potential for significant liabilities and penalties. Increased regulatory focus on the alternative asset industry or legislative or regulatory changes could result in additional burdens and expenses on our business.

Our business is subject to extensive regulation, including periodic examinations, by governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations in the jurisdictions in which we operate around the world. Many of these regulators, including U.S. and foreign government agencies and self-regulatory organizations, are empowered to conduct investigations and administrative proceedings that can result in fines, suspensions of personnel or other sanctions, including censure, the issuance of cease-and-desist orders or the suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer or investment adviser from registration or memberships. If the SEC or any other governmental authority, regulatory agency or similar body takes issue with our past practices, including, for example, past investment and co-investment activities, internal operating procedures or arrangements with our people, including our senior advisors, we will be at risk for regulatory sanction. Even if an investigation or proceeding does not result in a significant sanction, the costs incurred in responding to such matters could be material. Further, the adverse publicity relating to the investigation, proceeding or imposition of these sanctions could harm our reputation and cause us to lose existing investors or fail to attract new investors, as well as discourage others from doing business with us. Some of our funds invest in businesses that operate in highly regulated industries. The regulatory regimes to which such businesses are subject may, among other things, condition our funds’ ability to

 

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invest in those businesses upon the satisfaction of applicable ownership restrictions or qualification requirements for receipt of regulatory approval. Obtaining regulatory approval is often a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. Portfolio companies may be unable to obtain necessary regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all, and the failure to obtain such approvals may prevent our funds from consummating the applicable investments, which could materially and adversely affect their performance. Our failure to obtain or maintain any regulatory approvals necessary for our funds to invest in such industries may disqualify our funds from participating in certain investments or require our funds to divest certain assets.

In recent years, the SEC and its staff have focused on issues relevant to global investment firms and have formed specialized units devoted to examining such firms and, in certain cases, bringing enforcement actions against the firms, their principals and their employees. Such actions and settlements involving U.S.-based private fund advisers generally have involved a number of issues, including the undisclosed allocation of the fees, costs and expenses related to unconsummated co-investment transactions (i.e., the allocation of broken deal expenses), undisclosed legal fee arrangements affording the adviser greater discounts than those afforded to funds advised by such adviser and the undisclosed acceleration of certain special fees. We have in the past and may in the future be subject to SEC enforcement actions and settlements. Recent SEC focus areas have also included the use and compensation of, and disclosure regarding, operating partners or consultants, outside business activities of firm principals and employees and group purchasing arrangements and general conflicts of interest disclosures.

We generally expect the SEC’s oversight of global investment firms to continue to focus on concerns related to transparency, investor disclosure practices, fees and expenses, valuation and conflicts of interest, which could impact us in various ways. We further expect a greater level of SEC enforcement activity under the Biden administration, and while we have a robust compliance program in place, it is possible this enforcement activity will target practices that we believe are compliant and that were not targeted by the prior administration.

We regularly are subject to requests for information and informal or formal investigations by the SEC and other regulatory authorities, with which we routinely cooperate and, in the current environment, even historical practices that have been previously examined are being revisited.

We regularly rely on exemptions from various requirements of the Securities Act, Exchange Act, the Investment Company Act, the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936, as amended, and the U.S. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or “ERISA,” in conducting our asset management activities in the United States. If these exemptions were to become unavailable to us, we could become subject to regulatory action or third-party claims, and our business could be negatively impacted. For example, in 2014, the SEC amended Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act, an exemption on which we routinely rely to market interests in our funds, to impose “bad actor” disqualification provisions that ban an issuer from offering or selling securities pursuant to the safe harbor in Rule 506 if the issuer, or any other “covered person,” is the subject of a criminal, regulatory or court order or other disqualifying event under the rule which has not been waived by the SEC. The definition of “covered person” under the rule includes an issuer’s directors, general partners, managing members and executive officers; affiliates who are also issuing securities in the offering; beneficial owners of 20% or more of the issuer’s outstanding equity securities; and promoters and persons compensated for soliciting investors in the offering. Accordingly, we would be unable to rely on Rule 506 to offer or sell securities if we or any “covered person” is the subject of a disqualifying event under the rule and we are unable to obtain a waiver from the SEC.

Similarly, in conducting our asset management activities outside the United States, we rely on exemptions from the regulatory regimes of various foreign jurisdictions. Exemptions from U.S. and foreign regulations are often highly complex and may, in certain circumstances, depend on compliance by third parties we do not control. If these exemptions were to become unavailable to us, our business could be negatively impacted, as these regulations often serve to limit our activities and impose burdensome compliance requirements. See “Business—Regulation and Compliance.” Moreover, the requirements imposed by our regulators are designed primarily to ensure the integrity of the financial markets and to protect our fund investors and not our stockholders.

 

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Changes in the U.S. political environment and financial regulatory changes in the United States could negatively impact our business.

The current U.S. political environment and the resulting uncertainties regarding actual and potential shifts in U.S. foreign investment, trade, taxation, economic, environmental and other policies under the Biden administration could lead to disruption, instability and volatility in the global markets. The consequences of previously enacted legislation could also impact our business operations in the future. For example, bipartisan legislation enacted in August 2018 has increased and may continue to significantly increase the number of transactions that are subject to the jurisdiction of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (the “CFIUS”), which has the authority to review and potentially block or impose conditions on certain foreign investments in U.S. companies or real estate. CFIUS’ expanded jurisdiction may reduce the number of potential buyers of certain of our funds’ portfolio companies and thus limit the ability of our funds to exit from certain investments, as well as limit our flexibility in structuring or financing certain transactions. The Biden administration may also pursue tax policies seeking to increase the corporate tax rate and further limit the deductibility of interest, or materially alter the taxation of capital gains, among other things. Such changes could materially increase the taxes imposed on us or our funds’ portfolio companies. See “—Changes in relevant tax laws, regulations or treaties or an adverse interpretation of these items by tax authorities could negatively impact our effective tax rate and tax liability.” Further, negative public sentiment could lead to heightened scrutiny and criticisms of our business model generally, or our business and investments in particular.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), enacted in 2010, has imposed significant changes on almost every aspect of the U.S. financial services industry, including aspects of our business. On May 24, 2018, the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act (the “Reform Act”) was signed into law. The Reform Act amends various sections of the Dodd-Frank Act. The Reform Act and various other proposals focused on deregulation of the U.S. financial services industry could have the effect of increasing competition or otherwise reducing investment opportunities, which could negatively impact our business. The Reform Act also modified automatic additional regulatory compliance issues for financial entities that were deemed “Systemically Important Financial Institutions” from $50 billion AUM to $250 billion AUM. There is legislative risk under the Biden administration that such designation will revert back to $50 billion and expand its application to include private equity asset management firms.

Under applicable SEC rules, investment advisers are required to implement compliance policies designed, among other matters, to track campaign contributions by certain of the adviser’s employees and engagements of third parties that solicit government entities and to keep certain records to enable the SEC to determine compliance with the rule. In addition, there have been similar rules on a state level regarding “pay to play” practices by investment advisers. FINRA adopted its own set of “pay to play” regulations, which went into effect on August 20, 2017, that are similar to the SEC’s regulations. In addition, many pay to play regimes (including the SEC pay to play rule for investment advisers) impute the personal political activities of certain executives and employees, and in some instances their spouses and family members, to the manager for purposes of potential pay to play liability.

The Dodd-Frank Act also imposes a regulatory structure on the “swaps” market, including requirements for clearing, exchange trading, capital, margin, reporting and recordkeeping. The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) has finalized many rules applicable to swap market participants, including business conduct standards for swap dealers, reporting and recordkeeping, mandatory clearing for certain swaps, exchange trading rules applicable to swaps, initial and variation margin requirements for uncleared swap transactions and regulatory requirements for cross-border swap activities. These requirements could reduce market liquidity and negatively impact our business, including by reducing our ability to enter swaps.

The Dodd-Frank Act authorizes federal regulatory agencies to review and, in certain cases, prohibit compensation arrangements at financial institutions that give employees incentives to engage in conduct deemed to encourage inappropriate risk taking by covered financial institutions. On May 16, 2016, the SEC and other

 

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federal regulatory agencies proposed a rule that would apply requirements on incentive-based compensation arrangements of “covered financial institutions,” including certain registered investment advisers and broker-dealers above a specific asset threshold. This, if adopted, could limit our ability to recruit and retain investment professionals and senior management executives. However, the proposed rule remains pending and may be subject to significant modifications.

Furthermore, negative public sentiment could lead to heightened scrutiny and criticisms of our business model generally, or our business and investments in particular. For example, in June 2019, certain members of the U.S. Congress introduced the Stop Wall Street Looting Act of 2019, a comprehensive bill intended to fundamentally reform the private equity industry. Following the 2020 presidential and congressional elections in the United States, there has been an increased risk of legislative and regulatory action that could adversely limit and affect our and our funds’ portfolio companies’ businesses. In August 2021, legislation was introduced in the Senate proposing to change the definition of carried interest. The “Ending the Carried Interest Loophole Act” proposes to close the tax rate differential between carried interests and ordinary income and accelerate the recognition and payment of tax on the receipt of carried interest and would have material impact on our business if enacted. Other potential changes in legislation or regulation may include higher corporate tax rate, greater scrutiny on the private equity industry or elimination of carried interest or limitations of the capital gains tax. If the proposed bills or parts thereof, or other similar legislation, were to become law, it could negatively impact affect us, our funds’ portfolio companies and our investors.

Future legislation, regulation or guidance could negatively impact the fund industry generally and/or us specifically. Financial services and private funds may in the future be subject to further governmental scrutiny, an increase in regulatory investigations and/or enhanced regulation, including as a result of changes in the presidency or congressional leadership. Any changes in the regulatory framework applicable to our business, including the changes described above, may impose additional compliance and other costs on us, require the attention of our senior management or result in limitations on the manner in which we conduct our business, all of which could negatively impact our profitability.

Changing regulations regarding derivatives and commodity interest transactions could negatively impact our business.

The regulation of derivatives and commodity interest transactions in the United States and other countries is a rapidly changing area of law and is subject to ongoing modification by governmental and judicial action. We and our affiliates enter into derivatives transactions for various purposes, including to manage the financial risks related to our business. Accordingly, the impact of this evolving regulatory regime on our business is difficult to predict, but it could be substantial and adverse.

Managers of certain pooled investment vehicles with exposure to certain types of derivatives may be required to register with the CFTC as commodity pool operators and/or commodity trading advisors and become members of the National Futures Association. As such, certain of our or our affiliates’ risk management or other commodities interest-related activities may be subject to CFTC oversight. To date, we have concluded that the covered activities in which our affiliates engage do not rise to the level of requiring the subsidiaries to register with the CFTC or the National Futures Association, or the “NFA,” and instead, these affiliates file for exemptions from such registration requirements. As part of ensuring the affiliates continue to be exempt from registration, we have instituted procedures to monitor our exposure to covered activities and comply with exemption renewal requirements. In the event that the frequency of our affiliates’ engagement in covered activities exceeds the threshold for exemption from registration, such affiliates could become subject to a wide range of other regulatory requirements, such as:

 

   

potential compliance with certain commodities interest position limits or position accountability rules;

 

   

administrative requirements, including recordkeeping, confirmation of transactions and reconciliation of trade data; and

 

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mandatory central clearing and collateral requirements. Our business may incur increased ongoing costs associated with monitoring compliance.

Newly instituted and amended regulations could significantly increase the cost of entering into derivative contracts (including through requirements to post collateral, which could negatively impact our available liquidity), materially alter the terms of derivative contracts, reduce the availability of derivatives to protect against risks that we encounter, reduce our ability to restructure our existing derivative contracts and increase our exposure to less creditworthy counterparties. If we reduce our use of derivatives as a result of such regulations (and any new regulations), our results of operations may become more volatile and our cash flows may be less predictable.

Federal, state and foreign anti-corruption and trade sanctions laws applicable to us, our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies create the potential for significant liabilities and penalties, the inability to complete transactions and reputational harm.

We are subject to a number of laws and regulations governing payments, offers and contributions to or for the benefit of public officials or other parties, including restrictions imposed by the FCPA, as well as economic sanctions and export control laws administered by OFAC, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of State. The FCPA prohibits bribery of foreign public officials, government employees and political parties and requires public companies in the United States to keep books and records that accurately and fairly reflect their transactions. The U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of State administer and enforce certain export control laws and regulations, and OFAC and the U.S. Department of State administer and enforce economic sanctions based on U.S. foreign policy and national security goals against targeted countries, jurisdictions, territories, regimes, entities, organizations and individuals. These laws and regulations relate to a number of aspects of our businesses, including servicing existing fund investors, finding new fund investors and sourcing new investments, as well as the activities of our funds’ portfolio companies. U.S. government regulators, including the U.S. Department of Justice, the SEC and OFAC, have devoted more resources to enforcement of the FCPA and export control laws as enforcement has become more of a priority in recent years. A number of other countries, including countries where we and our funds’ portfolio companies maintain operations or conduct business, have also expanded significantly their enforcement activities, especially in the anti-corruption area. Recently, the U.S. government has also used sanctions and export controls to address broader foreign and international economic policy goals. While we have developed and implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by us and our personnel with the FCPA, economic sanctions laws and other applicable anti-bribery laws, as well as with sanctions and export control laws, such policies and procedures may not be effective in all instances to prevent violations. Any determination that we have violated these laws could subject us to, among other things, civil and criminal penalties, material fines, profit disgorgement, injunctions on future conduct, securities litigation, disbarment and a general loss of investor confidence, any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Laws in non-U.S. jurisdictions as well as other applicable anti-bribery, anti-corruption, anti-money laundering, economic sanctions or other export control laws abroad, may also impose stricter or more onerous requirements than the FCPA, OFAC, the U.S. Department of Commerce and the U.S. Department of State, and implementing them may disrupt our business or cause us to incur significantly more costs to comply with those laws. Differences between such U.S. and non-U.S. laws increase the risks and complexities of compliance and sometimes present actual conflicts of law (especially in the sanctions area). For example, in the U.K., we are subject to laws regarding the prevention of money laundering and the financing of terrorism as well as laws prohibiting bribery, including the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. We cannot predict the nature, scope or effect of future regulatory requirements to which we might be subject or the manner in which existing laws might be administered, interpreted or enforced. Our funds’ portfolio companies’ compliance policies and procedures may not prevent all instances of money laundering or bribery, or other prohibited transactions, including those arising from actions by employees, for which we or they might be held responsible. If we fail to comply with this

 

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multitude of laws and regulations, even where conflicts of law arise, we could be exposed to claims for damages, civil or criminal penalties, reputational harm, incarceration of our employees, restrictions on our operations (including disbarment) and other liabilities, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. In addition, depending on the circumstances, we could be liable for violations of applicable anti-corruption, sanctions or export control laws committed by companies in which we or our funds invest.

In addition, the recently enacted Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act (“FIRRMA”) and related regulations significantly expanded the types of transactions that are subject to the jurisdiction of the CFIUS. Under the FIRRMA, the CFIUS has the authority to review and potentially block or impose conditions on certain foreign investments in U.S. companies or real estate, which may reduce the number of potential buyers and limit the ability of our funds to exit from certain investments. In addition, we may be subject to successor liability for FCPA violations or other acts of bribery, or violations of applicable sanctions or other export control laws, committed by companies in which we or our funds invest or which we or our funds acquire. Allegations that our funds’ portfolio companies engaged in conduct that is perceived to have violated anti-corruption laws, economic sanctions laws, or export control laws could negatively impact us, create legal liability, or cause reputational and business harm that could negatively impact the valuation of a fund’s investments.

Regulatory initiatives in jurisdictions outside the United States could negatively impact our business.

Similar to the United States, the current environment in non-U.S. jurisdictions in which we operate, in particular the EU, has become subject to an expanding body of regulation. Governmental regulators and other authorities have proposed or implemented a number of initiatives and additional rules and regulations that could negatively impact our business.

New prudential regimes for U.K. investment firms. The U.K. is implementing a new prudential regime for investment firms (which mirrors which mirrors similar measures being implemented in the EU) known as the Investment Firms Prudential Regime (the “IFPR”). The IFPR will apply to TPG Europe, LLP, our London-based affiliate (“TPG Europe”), from January 1, 2022 and may substantially increase the firm’s regulatory capital requirements and impose more onerous remuneration rules as well as revised and extended internal governance, disclosure, reporting and liquidity requirements.

AIFMD. The Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive (“AIFMD”) imposes certain initial and ongoing regulatory obligations in respect of the marketing in the European Economic Area (the “EEA”) by alternative investment fund managers of alternative investment funds. The U.K. retained AIFMD following Brexit. AIFMD, as implemented in the EEA and U.K., applies to us to the extent that we actively market our funds in the EEA and U.K. AIFMD is currently under review by the European Commission. At this time, it is difficult to predict the final form of the changes to AIFMD but they may, amongst other things, increase the cost and complexity of raising capital. It is not yet clear to what extent (if any) the U.K. would reflect any changes to AIFMD in its domestic rules.

Anti-Money Laundering. During 2020, two new EU Anti-Money Laundering (AML) Directives came into force: the fifth AML EU Directive (“AMLD5”) and the sixth AML EU Directive (“AMLD6”). AMLD5 was implemented into U.K. law on January 10, 2020. The changes under AMLD5 include new, more stringent customer due diligence measures and reporting requirements. AMLD5 has added complexity to our internal processes and any perceived shortcomings in our adoption of AMLD5 could create reputational risks to our business. AMLD6 harmonizes the definition of money laundering across the EU, expands the number of offenses that fall under the definition of money laundering and extends criminal liability to include punishments for legal persons. The U.K. government has not implemented AMLD6 for the time being.

Sustainable Finance. On March 7, 2018, the European Commission adopted an action plan on financing sustainable growth. The action plan is, among other things, designed to define and reorient investment toward

 

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sustainability and targets all financial market participants, and a number of legislative initiatives are underway. In particular:

 

   

On December 9, 2019, a new EU regulation (Regulation (EU) 2019/2088) on sustainability-related disclosures in the financial sector (the “SFDR”) was published in the Official Journal of the European Union, which came into force on March 10, 2021. The SFDR introduces mandatory sustainability-related transparency and disclosure requirements for fund managers actively marketing their funds in the EEA, including us. Certain requirements in the SFDR have been delayed until July 2022.

 

   

In June 2020, a new EU regulation establishing a general framework for determining which economic activities qualify as “environmentally sustainable” was published in the Official Journal of the European Union (the “Taxonomy Regulation”). The Taxonomy Regulation introduces certain mandatory disclosure requirements (which supplement those set out in SFDR) for financial products which have an environmentally sustainable investment objectives or which promote environmental characteristics. The Taxonomy Regulation is due to take effect starting in January 2022 and is expected to impact certain of our funds and their managers.

Much of the detail around the various EU sustainable finance initiatives has yet to be agreed and has been further delayed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Accordingly, it is not possible at this stage to fully assess how it will affect our business.

The U.K. has signaled an intention to introduce a new legislative framework focused on implementing the recommendations of the Financial Stability Board Taskforce on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (“TCFD”), in particular by introducing mandatory TCFD-aligned climate-related disclosure requirements for U.K. firms, including, potentially, TPG Europe. This framework is still in development.

Leveraged Transactions. In May 2017, the European Central Bank (“ECB”) issued guidance on leveraged transactions that applies to significant credit institutions supervised by the ECB in member states of the euro zone (i.e., those EU member states that have adopted the euro as their currency). Under the guidance, credit institutions should have in place internal policies that include a definition of “leveraged transactions.” Loans or credit exposures to a borrower should be regarded as leveraged transactions if (i) the borrower’s post-financing level of leverage exceeds a total debt to EBITDA ratio of 4.0 times or (ii) the borrower is owned by one or more “financial sponsors.” For these purposes, a financial sponsor is an investment firm that undertakes private equity investments in and/or leveraged buyouts of companies. Following these guidelines, credit institutions in the euro zone could in the future limit, delay or restrict the availability of credit and/or increase the cost of credit for our funds or our funds’ portfolio companies involved in leveraged transactions.

Hong Kong Security Law. On June 30, 2020, the National People’s Congress of China passed a national security law (the “National Security Law”), which criminalizes certain offenses, including secession, subversion of the Chinese government, terrorism and collusion with foreign entities. The National Security Law also applies to non-permanent residents. Although the extra-territorial reach of the National Security Law remains unclear, there is a risk that its application to conduct outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People Republic of China (“Hong Kong”) by non-permanent residents of Hong Kong could limit the activities of or negatively impact us, our funds and/or our funds’ portfolio companies. The United States, the United Kingdom and several EU countries have expressed concerns regarding the National Security Law. The United States and other countries may take action against China, its leaders and leaders of Hong Kong, which may include the imposition of sanctions. Escalation of tensions resulting from the National Security Law, including conflict between China and other countries, protests and other government measures, as well as other economic, social or political unrest in the future, could negatively impact the security and stability of the region and have a material adverse effect on countries in which we, our funds and our funds’ portfolio companies or any of their respective personnel or assets are located. While we maintain offices in Hong Kong and our funds invest in portfolio companies that operate in Hong Kong or are currently or expected to be listed on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (which investments comprise approximately 4% of our AUM), none of our funds invests exclusively in

 

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Hong Kong; our Hong Kong operations, including our personnel and investments, do not represent a significant portion of our business; and our portfolio companies do not generally engage in commercial practices that would implicate the National Security Law. Nevertheless, the aforementioned risks, including an expansionary application of the National Security Law in unpredictable circumstances by the Chinese authorities, and any downturn in Hong Kong’s economy could negatively impact the industries in which we participate, negatively impact our, our funds’ or their portfolio companies’ operations and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow. See “—Risks Related to Our Business—Changes in China’s governmental policies could have an adverse effect on our business and operations.”

Data Privacy. The legislative and regulatory framework for privacy and data protection issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to continue for the foreseeable future. However, we believe that additional laws governing data and cybersecurity will be adopted in various jurisdictions around the world in the future, further expanding the regulation of data privacy and cybersecurity. We and our funds’ portfolio companies collect personally identifiable information and other sensitive and confidential data as an integral part of our business processes. This data is wide ranging and relates to our fund investors, employees, contractors and other counterparties and third parties. Our compliance obligations include those relating to U.S. data privacy and security laws such as the California Consumer Privacy Act (the “CCPA”) and the California Privacy Rights Act (the “CPRA”), which provides for enhanced consumer protections for California residents, a private right of action for data breaches and statutory fines and damages for data breaches or other CCPA or CPRA violations, as well as a requirement of “reasonable” cybersecurity.

Many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the EU and other relevant jurisdictions where we and our funds’ portfolio companies conduct business, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of personally identifiable information and other data obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdiction that are more restrictive than those in the United States. For example, the GDPR in Europe; the Hong Kong Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance; and the Australian Privacy Act, among others. Privacy and cybersecurity laws in China, Hong Kong, Singapore, Korea, India and other jurisdictions may also impact data in those jurisdictions, including by requiring the localization of such data or subjecting such systems to intrusive governmental inspections. Global laws in this area are rapidly increasing in the scale and depth of their requirements and are also often extraterritorial in nature. In addition, a wide range of regulators are seeking to enforce these laws across regions and borders. Furthermore, we frequently have privacy compliance requirements as a result of our contractual arrangements with counterparties. These legal and contractual arrangements heighten our privacy obligations in the ordinary course of conducting our business in the United States and internationally.

The U.K. has adopted the GDPR and similar requirements continue to apply in the U.K. notwithstanding Brexit. As a result of Brexit, however, the U.K. is now a third-country for the purposes of the GDPR. This regulation provides for a transitional period during which transfers of personal data from the EU to the U.K. will not be considered as transfers to a third-country under EU GDPR. Transfers of personal data from the U.K. to the EU will continue to be permitted under the U.K. GDPR without the need for compliance with additional data export requirements.

While we made significant efforts and investment to develop policies and procedures to address data privacy laws, we potentially remain exposed to liability, particularly given the continued and rapid development of privacy laws and regulations around the world and increased enforcement action. Any inability, or perceived inability, by us or our funds’ portfolio companies to adequately address privacy concerns, or comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards and guidance, contractual obligations, or other legal obligations, even if unfounded, could result in significant regulatory and third-party liability, increased costs, disruption of our and our funds’ portfolio companies’ business and operations and loss of client (including investor) confidence and other reputational damage. Furthermore, as new privacy-related laws and regulations are implemented, the time and resources needed for us and our funds’ portfolio companies to comply with such laws and regulations continues to increase.

 

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The withdrawal of the U.K. from the EU could have a range of adverse consequences for us, our funds or our funds’ portfolio companies.

Brexit has impacted our European operations. TPG Europe is authorized and regulated in the U.K. as an investment firm by the FCA and is permitted to carry on certain regulated activities, acting as a sub-advisor mainly to our U.S. operations. Prior to the end of the transition period, TPG Europe benefitted from access to the cross-border services “passport” under the European Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (the “MiFID Passport”). The MiFID Passport allowed U.K. regulated firms such as TPG Europe to provide regulated services EEA member states without needing to be separately authorized or licensed in each jurisdiction. The MiFID Passport ceased to be available to TPG Europe at the end of the above-described transition period and, where relevant, it must now operate on a cross-border basis pursuant to licensing exemptions. In light of the continuing uncertainty surrounding Brexit, there can be no assurance that any renegotiated laws or regulations will not have an adverse impact on TPG Europe and its operations.

Risks Related to Taxation

Our structure involves complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. Our structure is also subject to on-going future potential legislative, judicial or administrative change and differing interpretations, possibly on a retroactive basis.

The U.S. federal income tax treatment of our structure and transactions undertaken by us depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available.

You should also be aware that the U.S. federal income tax rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process, the IRS and the U.S. Department of the Treasury, frequently resulting in revised interpretations of established concepts, statutory changes, revisions to regulations and other modifications and interpretations. For example, it is possible that future legislation increases the U.S. federal income tax rates applicable to corporations. No prediction can be made as to whether any particular proposed legislation will be enacted or, if enacted, what the specific provisions or the effective date of any such legislation would be, or whether it would have any effect on us. As such, we cannot assure you that future legislative, administrative or judicial developments will not result in an increase in the amount of U.S. tax payable by us, our funds, portfolio companies owned by our funds or by investors in our Class A common stock. If any such developments occur, our business, results of operation and cash flows could be adversely affected and such developments could have an adverse effect on your investment in our Class A common stock.

Changes in relevant tax laws, regulations or treaties or an adverse interpretation of these items by tax authorities could negatively impact our effective tax rate and tax liability.

Our effective tax rate and tax liability is based on the application of current income tax laws, regulations and treaties. These laws, regulations and treaties are complex, and the manner which they apply to us and our funds is sometimes open to interpretation. Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. Although management believes its application of current laws, regulations and treaties to be correct and sustainable upon examination by the tax authorities, the tax authorities could challenge our interpretation, resulting in additional tax liability or adjustment to our income tax provision that could increase our effective tax rate. Regarding the impact of our conversion to a corporation on our income taxes, see Note 12, “Income Taxes,” to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Tax laws, regulations or treaties newly enacted or enacted in the future may cause us to revalue our net deferred tax assets and have a material change to our effective tax rate and tax liabilities. In December 2020, the IRS released final regulations under Section 162(m), which addressed changes made by the TCJA and, among other things, extended the coverage of Section 162(m) to include compensation paid by a partnership for services

 

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performed for it by a covered employee of a corporation that is a partner in the partnership. These regulations could meaningfully reduce the amount of tax deductions available to us in 2021 and future years for compensation paid to covered employees. Further, foreign, state and local governments may enact tax laws in response to the TCJA that could result in further changes to foreign, state and local taxation and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flow.

Moreover, the 2020 U.S. presidential and congressional elections (and future elections) could result in significant changes in tax law and regulations. While the likelihood and nature of any such legislation or regulations going into effect is uncertain, U.S. Congress and the Biden administration have proposed and may pursue tax policy changes. For example, the proposed legislation in the Build Back Better Act, which was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on November 19, 2021, would impose a 15% minimum tax on book income for corporations with profits over $1 billion, change the “global intangible low-taxed income” regime, reduce the deduction for “foreign-derived intangible income” and create a new limitation on interest deductions, among other things. Such changes could materially increase the taxes imposed on us or our funds’ portfolio companies, including in the event that we become subject to the minimum tax described above.

The U.S. Congress, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (the “OECD”) and other government agencies in jurisdictions in which we invest or do business remain focused on the taxation of multinational companies, such as TPG. The OECD, which represents a coalition of member countries, is contemplating changes to numerous longstanding tax principles through its base erosion and profit shifting (“BEPS”) project, which focuses on a number of issues, including profit shifting among affiliated entities in different jurisdictions, interest deductibility and eligibility for the benefits of double tax treaties. Several of the proposed measures, including measures relating to the deductibility of interest expense, local nexus requirements, transfer pricing, treaty qualification and hybrid instruments could potentially be relevant to some of our structures and could have an adverse tax impact on us, our funds, investors and/or our funds’ portfolio companies. Some member countries have been moving forward on the BEPS agenda but, because the timing of implementation and the specific measures adopted will vary among participating states, significant uncertainty remains regarding the impact of the BEPS proposals. If implemented, these and other proposals could result in increased taxes on income from our investments and increased non-U.S. taxes on our management fees. In addition, the OECD is working on a “BEPS 2.0” initiative, which is aimed at (i) shifting taxing rights to the jurisdiction of the consumer and (ii) ensuring all companies pay a global minimum tax, and could recommend new rules in 2021. Although the timing and scope of any new provisions are currently subject to significant uncertainty, the implementation of any could negatively impact us, our funds’ portfolio companies and our investors.

Legislative changes have been proposed that would, if enacted, modify the tax treatment of partnership interests. If this or any similar legislation or regulation were to be enacted and apply to us, we could incur a substantial increase in our compensation costs and it could result in a reduction in the value of our Class A common stock.

Under the TCJA, investments must be held for more than three years, rather than the prior requirement of more than one year, for performance allocations to be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as capital gain. There are current proposals that would significantly extend the required holding period rules and the scope of the rules governing the taxation of certain performance allocations. The longer holding period requirement under the TCJA (or under the current proposals) may result in some or all of our performance allocations being treated as ordinary income, which would materially increase the amount of taxes that our employees and other key personnel would be required to pay. In January 2021, the IRS released regulations implementing the performance allocation provisions that were enacted as part of the TCJA. The tax consequences of such regulations are uncertain. Although most proposals regarding the taxation of performance allocations still require gain realization before applying ordinary income rates, legislation has been proposed that would assume a deemed annual return on performance allocations and tax that amount annually, with a true-up once the assets are sold. In addition, following the TCJA, the tax treatment of performance allocations has continued to be an area of

 

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focus for policymakers and government officials, which could result in a further regulatory action by federal or state governments. For example, certain states, including New York and California, have proposed legislation to levy additional state tax on performance allocations. Tax authorities and legislators in other jurisdictions that TPG has investments or employees in could clarify, modify or challenge their treatment of performance allocations. See “—Changes in the U.S. political environment and financial regulatory changes in the United States could negatively impact our business.”

We may be required to fund withholding tax upon certain exchanges of Common Units into shares of our Class A common stock (or, in certain cases, shares of our nonvoting Class A common stock) by non-U.S. holders.

In the event of a transfer by a non-U.S. transferor of an interest in a partnership, the transferee generally must withhold tax in an amount equal to ten percent of the amount realized (as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) by the transferor on such transfer absent an exception. Holders of Common Units may include non-U.S. holders. Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, a non-U.S. holder of Common Units will be entitled to have such holder’s Common Units exchanged for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or (at our option) shares of our Class A common stock (or, in certain cases, shares of our nonvoting Class A common stock). To the extent withholding is required and we elect to deliver shares of our Class A common stock (or, in certain cases, shares of our nonvoting Class A common stock) rather than cash, we may not have sufficient cash to satisfy such withholding obligation, and we may be required to incur additional indebtedness or sell shares of our Class A common stock in the open market to raise additional cash in order to satisfy our withholding tax obligations.

If a TPG Operating Group partnership were to become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we and the TPG Operating Group partnership might be subject to potentially significant tax inefficiencies, and we would not be able to recover payments previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreement even if the corresponding tax benefits were subsequently determined to have been unavailable due to such status.

We intend to operate such that no TPG Operating Group partnership becomes a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A “publicly traded partnership” is a partnership the interests of which are traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Under certain circumstances, exchanges of Common Units pursuant to the Exchange Agreement or other transfers of Common Units could cause a TPG Operating Group partnership to be treated like a publicly traded partnership. From time to time, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation to change the tax treatment of partnerships and there can be no assurance that any such legislation will not be enacted or if enacted will not be adverse to us.

If any TPG Operating Group partnership were to become a publicly traded partnership taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, significant tax inefficiencies might result for us and the TPG Operating Group partnership, including as a result of our inability to file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return with the TPG Operating Group partnership. In addition, we may not be able to realize tax benefits covered under the Tax Receivable Agreement and would not be able to recover any payments previously made under the Tax Receivable Agreement, even if the corresponding tax benefits (including any claimed increase in the tax basis of the TPG Operating Group partnership’s assets) were subsequently determined to have been unavailable.

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “seeks,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects” and similar references to future periods, or by the inclusion of forecasts or projections. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements we make regarding the outlook for our future business and financial performance, estimated operational metrics, business strategy and plans and objectives of management for future operations, including, among other things, statements regarding the Reorganization, the consummation of this offering, expected growth, future capital expenditures, fund performance and debt service obligations, such as those contained in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, by their nature, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. As a result, our actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include regional, national or global political, economic, business, competitive, market and regulatory conditions, including, but not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

For the reasons described above, we caution you against relying on any forward-looking statements, which should also be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this speaks only as of the date on which we make it. Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

 

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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

On August 4, 2021, we were formed as a Delaware limited liability company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of GP LLC. In connection with this offering, we will convert from a limited liability company to a Delaware corporation. Prior to this offering, we have had no business operations. The business of TPG is conducted through the TPG Operating Group and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Historical Ownership Structure

The TPG Operating Group is owned by certain members of management, employees, former employees, Pre-IPO Investors and other persons. Prior to the Reorganization and the closing of this offering, the partners of the TPG Operating Group consist of:

 

   

certain members of management, employees and former employees who hold (directly or indirectly) over 80% of the TPG Operating Group; and

 

   

certain Pre-IPO Investors who collectively hold (directly and indirectly) less than 20% of the TPG Operating Group.

The following diagram indicates a high-level summary of our historical ownership structure (excluding various intermediate entities) immediately preceding the Reorganization:

 

 

LOGO

The Reorganization

In accordance with the Reorganization Agreement and related agreements, various actions will be taken prior to or in connection with the closing of this offering, including:

 

   

The TPG Operating Group (and the entities through which its direct and indirect partners hold their interests) will be restructured and recapitalized.

 

   

The limited partnership agreements of the TPG Operating Group partnerships will be amended and restated (such amended and restated documents, the “TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership

 

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Agreements”) to create the Common Units and Promote Units. The Common Units will be owned by us (through wholly-owned subsidiaries or other aggregating entities), the TPG Partner Vehicles and certain of our Pre-IPO Investors. The Promote Units, which will represent a right to participate in certain distributions of performance allocations, will be owned by the TPG Partner Vehicles. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries will be the general partners of the TPG Operating Group partnerships. See “—The TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements.”

 

   

The TPG Operating Group will transfer the Excluded Assets to RemainCo and distribute the interests in RemainCo to the TPG Partner Vehicles’ owners and the Pre-IPO Investors. The Excluded Assets will thereafter be excluded from the TPG Operating Group, and other than with respect to certain Performance Allocation Increases for the first three years following this offering that will be retained by the TPG Operating Group and are distributable to the holders of Promote Units, we will have no rights in respect of such Excluded Assets. As we will maintain control over the respective TPG general partner entities, we will continue to consolidate those entities after the Reorganization. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Reorganization Agreement and Certain Related Agreements.”

In addition, prior to the effectiveness of this registration statement, TPG Partners, LLC will convert into a Delaware corporation pursuant to a statutory conversion and change its name to TPG Inc.

Certain Additional Transactions Effected in Connection with the Offering

 

   

We and certain of our subsidiaries will each convert from a limited liability company to a corporation under Delaware law. We will file our certificate of incorporation to, among other things, provide for Class A common stock, nonvoting Class A common stock and Class B common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock.”

 

   

We will sell 28,310,194 shares of our Class A common stock in this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares).

 

   

We intend to use approximately $415.4 million of the net proceeds of this offering to acquire 14,745,763 newly issued Common Units of the TPG Operating Group to obtain our economic interest in the TPG Operating Group at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering (or approximately $465.4 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) and such amount shall be allocated among the TPG Operating Group partnerships based on their relative fair market values as determined by the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships, such that (i) one Common Unit (comprising a single common unit issued by each of the three TPG Operating Group partnerships) will be exchangeable for cash equal to the value of one share of Class A common stock from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) (or, at our election, for one share of our Class A common stock or in certain cases one share of our nonvoting Class A common stock) and (ii) the Class B common stock corresponding to such exchangeable Common Unit will be cancelled for no additional consideration upon an exchange of a Common Unit. If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock, we would use the additional net proceeds to acquire additional newly issued units of the TPG Operating Group partnerships.

 

   

We intend to use approximately $382.1 million of the net proceeds of this offering to purchase Common Units from certain existing owners of the TPG Operating Group (none of whom is an active TPG partner or Founder) at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. Certain of the TPG Operating Group’s unitholders will sell all or a portion of their Common Units to us (or one of our wholly-owned

 

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subsidiaries) in exchange for (i) cash (at a per-unit price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering), (ii) shares of Class A common stock and/or nonvoting Class A common stock or (iii) a combination thereof. Certain of our Pre-IPO Investors will exchange all or a portion of their Common Units, or indirect interests therein, for newly-issued Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock, and certain TPG partners will exchange all or a portion of their Common Units, or indirect interests therein, for newly-issued Class A common stock. In some cases, these exchanges will be effected by transferring the stock of a corporation that owns Common Units to us (or our subsidiary).

 

   

We will issue to each person (other than TPG Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries) that owns a Common Unit one share of Class B common stock for each Common Unit held by such person. The Class B common stock will have voting rights but no economic rights.

 

   

We have adopted the Omnibus Plan pursuant to which we expect to grant RSU awards to certain of our people with respect to shares of Class A common stock equal to up to 4% of our shares of Class A common stock, measured on a fully-diluted, as converted basis. We anticipate that a portion of the RSUs we intend to grant to certain of our people in connection with this offering will be granted immediately following the effectiveness of this offering and a portion may be granted thereafter in 2022 in relation to this offering, including to people hired for new roles created in connection with this offering. These awards will generally vest over four years in three equal installments on the second through fourth anniversaries of the grant date (with some grants vesting on shorter alternate vesting schedules), subject to the recipient’s continued provision of services to the Company or its affiliates through the vesting date. In addition, we expect to grant certain long-term performance incentive awards and awards to our independent directors under the Omnibus Plan. See “Executive and Director Compensation—Equity-Based Compensation Following the Offering—Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan Commitments.”

 

   

We, one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, the TPG Operating Group partnerships and certain direct and indirect holders of outstanding Common Units will enter into the Exchange Agreement under which such holders of Common Units will have the right to have their Common Units redeemed by the issuing TPG Operating Group partnerships once each quarter (or, subject to certain limitations, otherwise from time to time) in exchange for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (or, in certain cases, for shares of nonvoting Class A common stock). Additionally, in the event of a redemption request by a holder of Common Units, we (or our subsidiary) may, at our election, effect a direct exchange of cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the price described above), Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock for Common Units in lieu of such a redemption. When a Common Unit is so exchanged, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock will be automatically cancelled for no additional consideration. Further, if TPG Partner Holdings consents, any holder of interests in a TPG Partner Vehicle (or other entity owning Common Units) shall be permitted to exchange such interests with us or one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries in a manner that is economically comparable to an exchange of Common Units.

 

   

We, the TPG Operating Group partnerships and one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries will enter into the Tax Receivable Agreement with certain partners of the TPG Operating Group. The Tax Receivable Agreement will provide for payment by us (or our subsidiary) to certain such partners of 85% of certain tax benefits. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement.”

 

   

We and the TPG Operating Group partnerships will enter into the Investor Rights Agreement with the TPG Partner Vehicles, the Pre-IPO Investors and TPG partners to provide for certain rights and restrictions after the offering. See “—Investor Rights Agreement.”

 

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Our Class B Common Stock

For each Common Unit owned by anyone other than us, we will issue to the holder of such unit one corresponding share of our Class B common stock. Immediately following the closing of this offering, we will have 229,652,641 outstanding shares of Class B common stock held of record by TPG Group Holdings. The number of shares of Class B common stock and Common Units outstanding after this offering will depend in part on the initial public offering price. See “The Offering” for a description of the impact of a $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share on the number of shares of Class B common stock and Common Units outstanding after this offering. Each share of our Class B common stock will entitle its holder to ten votes per share until the Sunset becomes effective but without economic rights. After the Sunset becomes effective, each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to one vote. Each Common Unit (other than those owned by us) and a corresponding share of Class B Common Stock will only be transferred together, such that when a holder exchanges a Common Unit (comprising unitary interests issued by each of the three TPG Operating Group partnerships) for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or, at our election, a share of Class A common stock, the Class B common stock corresponding to such exchangeable Common Unit will be cancelled for no additional consideration. See “—Voting Rights of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock.”

Because the Sunset may not take place for some time, it is expected that the Class B common stock will continue to entitle its holders to ten votes per share, and the Class B stockholders will continue to exercise voting control over the Company, for the near future. The Class B stockholders will initially have 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock (or 97.0% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full) by virtue of their ownership of Class B common stock. When a Common Unit is exchanged in accordance with the Exchange Agreement, the associated share of our Class B common stock will be automatically cancelled for no additional consideration.

After the closing of this offering and the Reorganization, the TPG Partner Vehicles indirectly through TPG Group Holdings will own 78.8% of the Common Units immediately following this offering (or 78.3% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full), and GP LLC will have acquired the entity that serves as the general partner of TPG Group Holdings. GP LLC initially will be owned by entities owned by Messrs. Bonderman, Coulter and Winkelried. GP LLC initially will, prior to the Sunset, have the right to vote our Class B common stock held by TPG Group Holdings and, therefore, will have 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock. Therefore, GP LLC will be able to exercise control over almost all such matters requiring the approval of our stockholders, including the election of our directors and the approval of significant corporate transactions. Upon the Sunset, assuming TPG Group Holdings owns the same number of shares of Class B common stock as at the consummation of this offering, TPG Group Holdings would own 76.9% of the combined voting power of our common stock.

Our current partners believe that the contributions of the current ownership group and management team have been critical in the TPG Operating Group’s growth to date. We have a history of employee equity participation and believe that this practice has been instrumental in attracting and retaining a highly experienced team and will continue to be an important factor in maximizing long-term stockholder value following this offering. We believe that ensuring that our key decision-makers will continue to guide the direction of the TPG Operating Group will result in a high degree of alignment with our stockholders and that issuing to our continuing ownership group the Class B common stock with ten votes per share will help maintain this continuity for up to five years following this offering, at which time, each share of our common stock will be entitled to one vote per share. We believe that this period of time will provide for a stable transition toward corporate governance that most public companies follow. See “Management—Founder Succession and Governance Transition.”

 

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Our Class A Common Stock

We expect to issue a class of voting shares of Class A common stock to the public and certain holders of Common Units who exchange their units for common stock in connection with the offering. We will have 69,036,254 shares of Class A common stock outstanding after the offering to which this prospectus relates (or 70,811,664 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), including 40,726,060 shares of Class A common stock that we will issue prior to the consummation of this offering to certain partners of the TPG Operating Group (other than us) and certain of their affiliates, including the selling stockholder who will resell the shares in this offering, and 28,310,194 shares of Class A common stock to be sold pursuant to this offering by us (or 30,085,604 shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full). The amount of shares that we will issue prior to the consummation of this offering (and as a result the number of shares outstanding after this offering) depends in part on the initial public offering price. See “The Offering” for a description of the impact of a $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share on the number of common shares outstanding after this offering. The 100 shares of Class A common stock issued by us in connection with our initial capitalization will be redeemed by us for par value prior to the consummation of this offering.

Our Nonvoting Class A Common Stock

We expect to issue a class of nonvoting shares of Class A common stock to certain Pre-IPO Investors who elect to exchange their Common Units for common stock. All of the outstanding shares of nonvoting Class A common stock will automatically convert into shares of voting Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis upon any transfer by such investors of nonvoting Class A common stock to a third party as and when permitted by the Investor Rights Agreement. See ‘’—Investor Rights Agreement” below.

We will have 8,258,901 shares of nonvoting Class A common stock outstanding after the offering to which this prospectus relates, all of which were issued to certain Pre-IPO Investors in the Reorganization upon exchange of a corresponding number of their Common Units.

The Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock outstanding will represent 100% of the rights of the holders of all classes of our outstanding common stock to share in distributions from us.

Post-Offering Holding Company Structure

This offering is being conducted through what is commonly referred to as an “Up-C” structure, which is often used by partnerships and limited liability companies undertaking an initial public offering. The Up-C approach provides the existing partners with the tax advantage of continuing to own interests in a pass-through structure and provides potential future tax benefits for the public company and economic benefits for the existing partners when they ultimately exchange their pass-through interests for shares of Class A common stock. See “—Tax Receivable Agreement.”

We will be a holding company and, following this offering, our only business will be to act as the sole stockholder of the corporation that will own and control the entities serving as general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships and the indirect owner of entities owning Common Units, and our only material assets will be units representing 25.2% of the Common Units (or 25.6% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full), indirect general partner interests in the TPG Operating Group partnerships and 100% of the interests in certain intermediate holding companies. In our capacity as the sole indirect owner of the entities serving as the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships, we will indirectly control all of the TPG Operating Group’s business and affairs. We will consolidate the financial results of the TPG Operating Group and will report a redeemable other non-controlling interest related to the interests held by the continuing partners in our consolidated financial statements.

The source of any funds available for distributions to the Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock will be distributions that we receive on account of our indirect ownership of Common Units of the

 

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TPG Operating Group. We may cause the TPG Operating Group to make distributions to holders of the Common Units (including us) to the extent it generates sufficient fee related revenues, investment income and capital allocation-based income. For a description of TPG Operating Group’s revenues, expenses and investment income, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Financial Measures.” While we and the other Common Unit holders are entitled to all of any fee related revenues and investment income available for distribution, we expect approximately 20% of the performance allocation income to be available for distribution to Common Unit holders. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and Other Data—Notes to the Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Other Data—Note 2.” We are not entitled to and will not receive any distributions on account of the Promote Units.

Certain of the TPG Operating Group’s unitholders will sell all or a portion of their Common Units to us (or one of our wholly-owned subsidiaries) in exchange for (i) cash (at a per-unit price equal to the price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering), (ii) shares of Class A common stock and/or nonvoting Class A common stock or (iii) a combination thereof. Certain of our Pre-IPO Investors will exchange all or a portion of their Common Units, or indirect interests therein, for newly-issued Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock, and certain TPG partners will exchange all or a portion of their Common Units, or indirect interests therein, for newly-issued Class A common stock.

Pursuant to the Exchange Agreement, each Common Unit (not held by us or our direct or indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries) will be exchangeable for cash equal to the value of one share of Class A common stock from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or, at our election, for one share of our Class A common stock (or, in certain cases, for shares of nonvoting Class A common stock). When a Common Unit is exchanged, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock will be automatically cancelled for no additional consideration. Further, if TPG Partner Holdings consents, any holder of interests in a TPG Partner Vehicle (or other entity owning Common Units) shall be permitted to exchange such interests with us or one of our wholly owned subsidiaries in a manner that is economically comparable to an exchange of Common Units.

 

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The diagram below illustrates our anticipated ownership structure immediately after the consummation of the Reorganization and this offering (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares).

 

LOGO

 

(1)

RemainCo is omitted from the structure chart and will be (directly or indirectly) owned by TPG Partner Holdings’ partners and the Pre-IPO Investors with 81.3% and 18.7% economics of RemainCo, respectively, following the Reorganization and this offering. Intermediate holding companies and co-investment and other entities that are not material in the context of this offering are omitted from the structure chart.

(2)

GP LLC will initially be owned by entities owned by Messrs. Bonderman, Coulter and Winkelried. GP LLC owns the entity that serves as the general partner of the entity that will hold 100% of the shares of Class B common stock outstanding immediately following this offering. Each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to ten votes per share until the Sunset becomes effective but without economic rights. As a result, GP LLC initially will, prior to the Sunset, have the ability to vote such shares of Class B common stock and, by extension, will initially control 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock. After the Sunset becomes effective, each share of Class B common stock will entitle its holder to one vote and GP LLC will no longer have the right to vote shares on behalf of the partnerships for which it serves as general partner, with such votes instead being passed through to the applicable partners. The TPG Partner Vehicles will also hold all of the Promote Units issued by the TPG Operating Group. These Promote Units will represent a right to participate in certain distributions of performance allocations.

(3)

Consists of three limited partnerships. One unit of the TPG Operating Group represents one unit of each of such three limited partnerships.

 

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(4)

The Pre-IPO Investors who hold an interest in our Class B common stock hold such interest indirectly through their interest in TPG Group Holdings. As the owner of the general partner of TPG Group Holdings, GP LLC initially will, prior to the Sunset, have the ability to vote such shares of Class B common stock.

Subject to the availability of net cash flow at the TPG Operating Group, under the TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements, the TPG Operating Group partnerships will distribute to us and the other holders of Common Units pro rata cash distributions for the purposes of funding tax obligations in respect of the taxable income and capital gain that is allocated to the partners of the TPG Operating Group and our obligations to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. In addition, the TPG Operating Group will reimburse us for corporate and other overhead expenses.

Assuming the TPG Operating Group makes distributions to its partners in any given year, the determination to pay dividends, if any, to our Class A stockholders out of the portion, if any, of such distributions remaining after our payment of taxes, Tax Receivable Agreement payments and expenses (any such portion, an “excess distribution”) will be made by our Executive Committee. Because our Executive Committee may determine to pay or not pay dividends to our Class A stockholders, our Class A stockholders may not necessarily receive dividend distributions relating to our excess distributions, even if the TPG Operating Group makes such distributions to us.

The TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements

Following the Reorganization, our business will be operated through the TPG Operating Group and its consolidated subsidiaries. The operations of the TPG Operating Group, and the rights and obligations of its partners, are set forth in the limited partnership agreements for the TPG Operating Group partnerships, the forms of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. The following is a description of certain terms of the TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—The TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements.”

Economic Rights of Partners

After the closing of this offering, the holders of our Class A common stock (indirectly through us), the holders of nonvoting Class A common stock (indirectly through us) and the holders of Common Units (other than us) will hold 22.5%, 2.7% and 74.8%, respectively, of the Common Units in our business (or 22.9%, 2.7% and 74.4%, respectively, if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full).

Net profits and net losses attributable to the Common Units will be attributable on a pro rata basis in accordance with the number of Common Units held by a holder; however, under applicable tax rules, the TPG Operating Group will be required to allocate certain income and expense items related to a specific partner as well as taxable income disproportionately to its partners in certain circumstances. It is intended that distributions by the TPG Operating Group will be made to each of its holders of Common Units in an amount to enable each partner to pay all applicable taxes on taxable income allocable to such Common Units and to allow us to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. In addition, the TPG Operating Group will reimburse us for corporate and other overhead expenses. However, the TPG Operating Group may not make distributions or payments to its partners if doing so would violate any agreement to which it is then a party (which we do not expect to be the case upon the closing of this offering and the Reorganization).

Voting Rights of Partners

After the Reorganization, we will indirectly own the entities serving as the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships. In our capacity as such owner, we will indirectly control all of the TPG Operating Group’s business and affairs.

 

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Coordination with the TPG Operating Group

At any time we issue a share of our Class A common stock for cash, (i) the net proceeds received by us will be promptly transferred to the TPG Operating Group, and the TPG Operating Group partnerships will issue to us a Common Unit, or (ii) we will acquire a Common Unit from an existing holder. If at any time we issue a share of our Class A common stock pursuant to our equity plan or otherwise, we will contribute to the TPG Operating Group all of the proceeds that we receive (if any) and the TPG Operating Group partnerships will issue to us an equal number of Common Units, having the same restrictions, if any, as are attached to the shares of Class A common stock issued under the plan. If at any time we issue a share of our Class A common stock upon an exchange of a Common Unit, described below under “—Exchange Rights,” we will retain such Common Unit. In the event that we issue other classes or series of our equity securities, the TPG Operating Group partnerships will issue to us an equal amount of equity securities of the TPG Operating Group partnerships with designations, preferences and other rights and terms that are substantially the same as our newly issued equity securities. Conversely, if we retire any shares of our Class A common stock (or our equity securities of other classes or series) for cash, the TPG Operating Group will, immediately prior to such retirement, redeem an equal number of Common Units (or its equity securities of the corresponding classes or series) held by us, upon the same terms and for the same price, as the shares of our Class A common stock (or our equity securities of such other classes or series) are retired. In addition, Common Units, as well as our common stock, will be subject to equivalent stock splits, dividends, reclassifications and other subdivisions. Lastly, holders of Common and Promote Units will be subject to certain restrictions on transfer as set forth in the Investor Rights Agreement and the limited partnership agreements for the TPG Operating Group partnerships.

Certain Tax Consequences to Us

The holders of Common Units, including us, will incur U.S. federal, state and local income taxes on their share of any taxable income of the TPG Operating Group. Net profits and net losses not attributable to the Promote Units will generally be allocated to holders of Common Units and will be allocable on a pro rata basis in accordance with the number of Common Units held by a holder, except as otherwise required by law. Under the TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements, the TPG Operating Group will generally be required to make cash distributions to the holders of Common Units, including us, for purposes of funding their tax obligations in respect of the income of the TPG Operating Group that is allocated to them and, in our case, allowing us to make payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement. Generally, these tax distributions will be computed based on our estimate of the taxable income of the TPG Operating Group allocated to the holder of Common Units that receives the greatest proportionate allocation of income multiplied by an assumed tax rate equal to the highest effective marginal combined U.S. federal, state and local income tax rate prescribed for an individual or corporation residing in New York, New York, whichever is higher. Tax distributions will be pro rata as among holders of Common Units. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—The TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements.”

Voting Rights of Class A Common Stock and Class B Common Stock

Except as provided in our certificate of incorporation or by applicable law, holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock vote together as a single class. Each share of our Class A common stock generally will entitle its holder to one vote and each share of our Class B common stock will entitle its holder to ten votes until the occurrence of the Sunset. The nonvoting Class A common stock will have the same rights and privileges as, and will rank equally and share ratably with, and be identical in all respects as to all matters to, the Class A common stock, except that the nonvoting Class A common stock will have no voting rights other than such rights as may be required by law.

Following the Sunset, holders of Class A and Class B common stock will be entitled to one vote per share and we will cease to be a controlled company. See “Management—Controlled Company Status and Board Independence” below. The “Sunset” will occur on the date that a majority of the independent directors are

 

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elected at the first annual meeting of stockholders (or pursuant to a consent of stockholders in lieu thereof) after the earlier of (i) the earliest date specified in a notice delivered to the Company by GP LLC and its members pursuant to that certain GP LLC limited liability company agreement promptly following the earliest of: (a) the date that is three months after the date that neither Founder continues to be a member of GP LLC; (b) a vote of GP LLC to trigger the Sunset; (c) upon 60-days advance notice, the date determined by either Founder who is then a member of the Control Group to trigger the Sunset, if, following a period of at least 60 days, the requisite parties are unable to agree on the renewal of Mr. Winkelried’s employment agreement or the selection of a new CEO in the event that Mr. Winkelried ceases to serve as our CEO; and (ii) the first day of the quarter immediately following the fifth anniversary of this offering. Consistent with the terms of the Sunset, it is expected that the Control Group will continue to control us until the initial election of a majority of the independent directors promptly following the first day of the quarter immediately following the fifth anniversary of this offering.

Immediately following this offering, our Class B stockholders will collectively hold 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock (or 97.0% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) by virtue of their ownership of Class B common stock, and TPG Group Holdings will hold 97.1% of the combined voting power of our common stock (or 97.0% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full), which voting power is exercised by the Control Group as the members of GP LLC, the general partner of TPG Group Holdings. When a Class B stockholder exchanges their Common Units for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) (or, at our election for the corresponding number of shares of our Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock), it will result in the cancellation of the corresponding number of shares of our Class B common stock for no additional consideration and, therefore, will decrease the aggregate voting power of our Class B stockholders. Upon the Sunset, assuming TPG Group Holdings owns the same number of shares of Class B common stock as at the consummation of this offering, TPG Group Holdings would own 76.9% of the combined voting power of our common stock.

Investor Rights Agreement

Concurrently with the closing of this offering, we, the TPG Operating Group partnerships, the TPG Partner Vehicles and the Pre-IPO Investors will enter into the Investor Rights Agreement with respect to all Class A common stock, nonvoting Class A common stock, Class B common stock and Common Units held by the TPG Partner Vehicles and the Pre-IPO Investors. We expect TPG partners to enter into or join the Investor Rights Agreement in connection with the Reorganization. Pursuant to the Investor Rights Agreement, the TPG Partner Vehicles, the Pre-IPO Investors and the TPG partners will be subject to certain transfer restrictions and will be provided with certain registration rights. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Investor Rights Agreement.”

Certain Rights of our Founders and our CEO Prior to the Sunset

Prior to the Sunset, our Founders (Messrs. Bonderman and Coulter) will have certain rights, consisting generally of negative consent rights over certain of the Company’s actions or strategic decisions, either with respect to senior leadership or to corporate strategy, such as formation of new committees of the board of directors (unless required by applicable law), issuance of preferred stock, material acquisitions and amendments to organizational documents of any TPG entity if such amendments are adverse to Founders’ interests. For additional information regarding the rights of our Founders and CEO, see “Management—Certain Rights of our Founders and our CEO Prior to the Sunset.” Mr. Winkelried as our CEO will, in most cases, have rights comparable to those of our Founders; however, subject to certain exceptions, Mr. Winkelried will not have a veto right but rather will have certain remedial rights under his employment agreement. See “Executive and Director Compensation—Summary of NEO Employment Agreements and Separation Arrangements—New Employment and Separation Arrangements in Connection with the Offering” below.

 

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Exchange Agreement

We, one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries, the TPG Operating Group partnerships and certain direct and indirect holders of outstanding Common Units will enter into the Exchange Agreement under which such holders of the Common Units (or certain permitted transferees thereof) will have the right to have their Common Units redeemed by the issuing TPG Operating Group partnerships once each quarter (or, subject to certain limitations, otherwise from time to time) in exchange for cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)) or, at our election, for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis (or, in certain circumstances, for shares of nonvoting Class A common stock). Additionally, in the event of a redemption request by a holder of Common Units, we (or our subsidiary) may, at our election, effect a direct exchange of cash from a substantially concurrent public offering or private sale (based on the closing price per share of the Class A common stock on the day before the pricing of such public offering or private sale (taking into account customary brokerage commissions or underwriting discounts actually incurred)), Class A common stock or nonvoting Class A common stock for such Common Units in lieu of such a redemption. Further, if TPG Partner Holdings consents, any holder of interests in a TPG Partner Vehicle (or other entity owning Common Units) shall be permitted to exchange such interests with us or one of our wholly owned subsidiaries in a manner that is economically comparable to an exchange of Common Units. When a Common Unit is so exchanged, a corresponding share of our Class B common stock will be automatically cancelled for no additional consideration. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Exchange Agreement.” We may impose additional restrictions on exchanges that we determine to be necessary or advisable so that none of the TPG Operating Group partnerships are treated as a “publicly traded partnership” for U.S. federal income tax purposes or violate laws or regulations (including those applicable to trading while in possession, or deemed to be in possession, of material, non-public information). In addition, GP LLC may block exchanges by TPG partners, including any exchanges of interests in a TPG Partner Vehicle for Class A common stock, in certain other limited circumstances prior to the Sunset.

Tax Receivable Agreement

Prior to the completion of this offering, we and one or more of our wholly-owned subsidiaries will enter into the Tax Receivable Agreement with certain of our pre-IPO owners that provides for the payment by us (or our subsidiary) to such pre-IPO owners of 85% of the benefits, if any, that we actually realize, or we are deemed to realize (calculated using certain assumptions), as a result of the Covered Tax Items. Subsequent sales or exchanges of Common Units are expected to result in increases in the Covered Tax Items. The Covered Tax Items generated over time may increase and, therefore, may reduce the amount of U.S. federal, state and local tax that we would otherwise be required to pay in the future. Actual tax benefits realized by us may differ from tax benefits calculated under the Tax Receivable Agreement as a result of the use of certain assumptions in the Tax Receivable Agreement, including the use of an assumed weighted-average state and local income tax rate to calculate tax benefits. This payment obligation is our obligation and not the obligation of the TPG Operating Group. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions—Proposed Transactions—Tax Receivable Agreement.”

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from our sale of 28,310,194 shares of Class A common stock in this offering will be approximately $775.1 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us in connection with this offering. The underwriters also have an option to purchase up to an additional 3,390,000 shares of Class A common stock, consisting of 1,775,410 shares from us and 1,614,590 shares from the selling stockholder. We estimate that the net proceeds to us, if the underwriters exercise their right to purchase the maximum of 3,390,000 additional shares of Class A common stock from us and the selling stockholder, will be approximately $825.2 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us in connection with this offering. This assumes a public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock by the selling stockholder in this offering, including from any exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares from the selling stockholder. We will, however, bear the costs associated with the sale of shares by the selling stockholder, other than underwriting discounts and commissions.

We intend to use approximately $382.1 million of the net proceeds from this offering to purchase Common Units from certain existing owners of the TPG Operating Group (none of whom is an active TPG partner or Founder) at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. Accordingly, we will not retain any of these proceeds.

In addition, as described in “Organizational Structure—Certain Additional Transactions Effected in Connection with the Offering,” we intend to use approximately $415.4 million of the net proceeds from this offering to acquire 14,745,763 newly issued Common Units of the TPG Operating Group to obtain our economic interest in the TPG Operating Group at an aggregate per-unit price equal to the per-share price paid by the underwriters for shares of our Class A common stock in this offering (or approximately $465.4 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full) and such amount shall be contributed to the TPG Operating Group partnerships based on their relative fair market values as determined by the general partner of the TPG Operating Group partnerships. We expect the TPG Operating Group to use these proceeds (i) to pay the expenses incurred by us in connection with this offering and the Reorganization and (ii) for general corporate purposes, which may include facilitating the growth of our existing business and/or expanding into complementary new lines of business or geographic markets. While we continuously evaluate such opportunities, we have no present arrangements, commitments or definitive agreements for any material acquisitions.

Assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, a $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus) would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $27.0 million, assuming the number of shares offered by us and the selling stockholder, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

Our current intention is to pay holders of our Class A common stock and nonvoting Class A common stock a quarterly dividend representing at least 85% of TPG Inc.’s share of DE attributable to the TPG Operating Group, subject to adjustment as determined by the Executive Committee of our board of directors to be necessary or appropriate to provide for the conduct of our business, to make appropriate investments in our business and funds, to comply with applicable law, any of our debt instruments or other agreements, or to provide for future cash requirements such as tax-related payments and clawback obligations. Although we expect to pay at least 85% of our DE as a dividend, the percentage of our DE paid out as a dividend could fall below that target minimum. We expect that our first quarterly distribution will be paid in the second quarter of 2022 in respect of the prior quarter. All of the foregoing is subject to the further qualification that the declaration and payment of any dividends are at the sole discretion of the Executive Committee prior to the Sunset and the Executive Committee may change our dividend policy at any time, including, without limitation, to reduce such dividends or even to eliminate such dividends entirely. For more information on DE, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Results of Operation—Non-GAAP Financial Metrics—DE.”

Prior to the Sunset, any future determination as to the declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of the Executive Committee and will depend on a number of factors, including:

 

   

general economic and business conditions;

 

   

our strategic plans and prospects;

 

   

our business and investment opportunities;

 

   

our financial condition and operating results;

 

   

our available cash and current and anticipated cash needs;

 

   

our capital requirements;

 

   

contractual, legal, tax and regulatory restrictions and implications on the payment of dividends by us to our stockholders or by our subsidiaries (including payment obligations pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement) to us; and

 

   

such other factors as the Executive Committee may deem relevant.

In addition, the TPG Operating Group Limited Partnership Agreements generally require that pro rata cash distributions be made to holders of Common Units, including us, at certain assumed tax rates, which we refer to as “tax distributions.” Further, following this offering and subject to funds being legally available, we intend to cause the TPG Operating Group partnerships to make pro rata cash distributions to holders of Common Units, including us, that will enable us, when combined with the tax distributions we receive, to pay our taxes, make all payments required under the Tax Receivable Agreement and pay other expenses.

Immediately following this offering, we will be a holding company, and our only material assets will be Common Units representing 25.2% of the Common Units (or 25.6% if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full) and 100% of the interests in certain intermediate holding companies. We need to cause the TPG Operating Group to make distributions to us sufficient to pay our taxes and other obligations (including those pursuant to the Tax Receivables Agreement), and if we decide to pay a dividend, in an amount sufficient to cover such dividend. If the TPG Operating Group makes such distributions to us, the other holders of Common Units, including the TPG Partner Vehicles and certain Pre-IPO Investors, will be entitled to receive pro rata distributions. Holders of our Class B common stock will not be entitled to cash dividends distributed by TPG Inc. Holders of Promote Units will not be entitled to cash distributions from the TPG Operating Group, except certain distributions of performance allocations received by the TPG Operating Group.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and our capitalization as of September 30, 2021:

 

   

on an actual basis;

 

   

on an as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) the Reorganization and (ii) the sale of 28,310,194 shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), and the application of the net proceeds received by us from this offering as described under “Use of Proceeds.”

This table should be read in conjunction with “Use of Proceeds,” “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Information and Other Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Description of Capital Stock” and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     As of September 30, 2021  
     Actual      TPG Inc.
Pro Forma
As Adjusted
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,783,221      $ 2,087,518  

Assets held in Trust Accounts

     1,285,021        1,285,021  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 3,068,242      $ 3,372,539  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total debt

   $ 244,874      $ 444,874  

Redeemable equity from consolidated Public SPACs

     1,285,021        1,285,021  

Total equity:

     

Class A common stock (no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 2,240,000,000 shares authorized; 69,036,254 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted)(1)

     —          69,036  

Nonvoting Class A common stock (no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 8,258,901 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted)

     —          8,259  

Class B common stock (no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 750,000,000 shares authorized; 229,652,641 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted)(2)

     —          —    

Preferred stock (no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, actual; 25,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted)

     —          —    

Partners’ capital controlling interests

     3,506,720        —    

Additional paid-in capital

     —          411,694  

Non-controlling interests in consolidated TPG Funds

     204,254        —    

Other non-controlling interests

     3,607,437        2,702,125  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total partners’ capital/stockholders’ equity

     7,318,411        3,191,114  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total capitalization

   $ 8,848,306      $ 4,921,009  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)

The number of shares of our Class A common stock to be issued to certain TPG Operating Group unitholders in exchange for their Common Units, or rights thereto or indirect interests therein, in connection with the offering depends on the initial public offering price. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share would decrease or increase, as applicable, the Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering by approximately 60,000 shares.

 

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(2)

The number of shares of Class B common stock and Common Units outstanding after this offering will depend in part on the initial public offering price. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share would decrease or increase, as applicable, the Class B common stock and Common Units outstanding after this offering by approximately 255,000 shares or units, as applicable.

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the public offering price per share would increase or decrease, as applicable, our net proceeds, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $27.0 million (assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares). Similarly, an increase or decrease of one million shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering by us would increase or decrease, as applicable, our net proceeds, after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by us, by approximately $28.2 million, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $29.50 per share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).

The above table does not include:

 

   

3,390,000 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares;

 

   

shares of Class A common stock issuable under the Omnibus Plan equal to 10% of our shares of Class A common stock, measured on a fully-diluted, as converted basis (which is 30,694,780 shares based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus), including:

 

   

shares of Class A common stock underlying RSUs expected to be issued to certain of our people pursuant to the Omnibus Plan in connection with the consummation of this offering equal to up to 4%, measured on a fully-diluted, as converted basis (a portion of which will be granted immediately following the effectiveness of this offering and a portion may be granted thereafter in 2022 in relation to this offering, including to people hired for new roles created in connection with this offering); and

 

   

shares of Class A common stock to be reserved for future issuance of awards under the Omnibus Plan equal to the remaining portion of the shares issuable under the Omnibus Plan, which includes shares to be issued in respect of certain long-term performance incentive awards and awards to our independent directors;

 

   

229,652,641 shares of Class A common stock reserved for issuance upon exchange of Common Units (and corresponding shares of Class B common stock) that will be outstanding immediately after this offering; and

 

   

8,258,901 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the conversion of shares of nonvoting Class A common stock following transfer to a third party as and when permitted by the Investor Rights Agreement.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in our Class A common stock, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock and the net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the per share offering price of our Class A common stock is in excess of the book value per share attributable to existing equity holders.

Our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value before the offering as of September 30, 2021 was $2,409.1 million, or $8.24 per share of our Class A common stock. Pro forma net tangible book value represents the amount of total tangible assets less total liabilities and redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Public SPACs, and pro forma net tangible book value per share represents pro forma net tangible book value divided by the number of shares of Class A common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2021, after giving effect to the Reorganization and assuming that all of the holders of Common Units exchanged their Common Units outstanding immediately following the completion of the Reorganization and this offering for newly issued shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis as if such units were immediately exchangeable.

 

(in thousands, except share amounts)    As of
September 30, 2021
 

Pro forma assets

   $ 9,994,110  

Pro forma liabilities

     5,517,975  
  

 

 

 

Pro forma book value

   $ 4,476,135  

Less:

  

Goodwill

     229,200  

Intangible assets

     171,642  

Redeemable non-controlling interest in consolidated Public SPACs

     1,285,021  
  

 

 

 

Pro forma net tangible book value

   $ 2,790,272  

Less:

  

Proceeds from offering net of underwriting discounts and unpaid offering costs

     775,141  

Purchase of Common Units from certain existing owners of the TPG Operating Group

     (382,144

Other offering adjustments

     (11,785
  

 

 

 

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value before the offering

   $ 2,409,060  
  

 

 

 

After giving effect to (i) the Reorganization, (ii) the sale of 28,310,194 shares of Class A common stock in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price of $29.50 per share and (iii) the application of the net proceeds from this offering, and assuming the exchange of all Common Units outstanding immediately following the completion of the Reorganization and this offering for shares of our Class A common stock as if such units were immediately exchangeable, our pro forma net tangible book value as of September 30, 2021 would have been $2,790.3 million, or $9.09 per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value of $0.85 per share to existing equity holders and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $20.41 per share to new investors.

 

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The following table illustrates this dilution on a per share of Class A common stock basis, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional shares:

 

Assumed initial public offering price per share

      $ 29.50  

Net tangible book value as adjusted as of September 30, 2021 before the offering

   $ 8.24     

Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to investors purchasing shares in this offering

   $ 0.85     
  

 

 

    

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering

      $ 9.09  
     

 

 

 

Dilution in pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors after this offering

      $ 20.41  
     

 

 

 

The following table summarizes, on the same pro forma as adjusted basis as of September 30, 2021, the total number of shares of Class A common stock purchased from us, the total cash consideration paid, or to be paid, to us and the average price per share paid, or to be paid, by existing equity holders and by new investors purchasing shares of Class A common stock in this offering, at an assumed initial public offering price of $29.50 per share, before deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, assuming that all of the holders of Common Units exchanged their Common Units outstanding immediately following the completion of the Reorganization and this offering for newly issued shares of our Class A common stock on a one-for-one basis as if such units were immediately exchangeable. The following table does not reflect any sales by the selling stockholder in this offering.

 

     Shares Purchased     Total Consideration     Average Price
Per Share
 
     Number      %     Amount      %  

Existing equity holders

     278,637,602        90.8   $ —          0.0   $ —    

New investors

     28,310,194        9.2     835,150,723        100.0     29.50  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

     306,947,796        100.0     $835,150,723        100.0   $ 29.50  
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $29.50 per share would increase (decrease) our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by $27.0 million (assuming none of these proceeds are used to purchase Common Units from certain existing owners of the TPG Operating Group), the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after the Reorganization and this offering by $0.09, the increase per share to existing investors by $0.09 and the dilution per share to new investors by $0.91, assuming the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

If the underwriters were to fully exercise their option to purchase 1,775,410 additional shares of our Class A common stock from us, the percentage of shares of our Class A common stock held by existing equity holders would be 90.3%, and the percentage of shares of our Class A common stock held by new investors would be 9.7%.

We may choose to raise additional capital due to market conditions or strategic considerations even if we believe we have sufficient funds for our current or future operating plans. To the extent that additional capital is raised through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, the issuance of such securities could result in further dilution to our stockholders.

 

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UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION AND OTHER DATA

The unaudited pro forma financial information contained in this document is subject to completion because information related to our Reorganization and this offering is not yet final. We intend to complete this pro forma financial information, including amounts related to the pro forma adjustments set forth in the accompanying unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations and unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of financial condition, at such time that we update this document and such information is available.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of financial condition as of September 30, 2021 gives pro forma effect to the Reorganization (see transactions described under “Organizational Structure”), the consummation of this offering and our intended use of proceeds therefrom after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other costs of this offering, as though such transactions had occurred as of September 30, 2021. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and the year ended December 31, 2020 present our consolidated results of operations giving pro forma effect to the transactions described above as if they had occurred as of January 1, 2020. The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information has been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X, as amended by the final rule, Release No. 33-10786 “Amendments to Financial Disclosure about Acquired and Disposed Businesses.”

The pro forma adjustments are based on available information and upon assumptions that management believes are reasonable in order to reflect, on a pro forma basis, the effect of this transaction on the historical financial information of TPG. The Company’s historic operations consist of multiple consolidated entities formed to provide asset management services under a single controlling entity, TPG Group Holdings. The historical periods presented in the unaudited pro forma financial information reflect the operating results of TPG Group Holdings. Immediately following the Reorganization, the TPG Operating Group and its subsidiaries will be controlled by the same parties and as such, we will account for the Reorganization as a transfer of interests under common control. Accordingly, we will carry forward the existing value of the members’ interests in the assets and liabilities in the TPG Operating Group’s financial statements prior to this offering into our financial statements following this offering.

The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of financial condition and unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations may not be indicative of the results of operations or financial position that would have occurred had the Reorganization or this offering and the related transactions, as applicable, taken place on the dates indicated, or that may be expected to occur in the future. The adjustments are described in the notes to the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations and the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of financial condition. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information and other data should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The pro forma adjustments in the “Reorganization and Other Transaction Adjustments” column principally give effect to certain of the Reorganization and other transactions described under “Organizational Structure,” including:

 

   

The TPG Operating Group will transfer to RemainCo certain performance allocation economic entitlements from certain of the TPG general partner entities that are defined as Excluded Assets. We will continue to consolidate these TPG general partner entities because we will maintain control and have an implicit variable interest. The impact of this adjustment is a reallocation from controlling interests to non-controlling interests.

 

   

The TPG Operating Group will transfer to RemainCo the economic entitlements associated with certain other investments that are part of the Excluded Assets.

 

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The transfer of certain investments in TPG Funds (as defined herein) to RemainCo results in the deconsolidation of those TPG Funds that have been consolidated in our historical combined financial statements with the exception of our Public SPACs.

 

   

Adjustments to sharing percentages of future profits between controlling and non-controlling interests of the TPG Operating Group related to the Specified Company Assets.

 

   

The deconsolidation of our former affiliate.

The pro forma adjustments in the “Offering Transaction Adjustments” column principally give effect to the consummation of this offering, including the Corporate Conversion.

We have not made any pro forma adjustments relating to any incremental reporting, compliance or investor relations costs that we may incur as a public company, as estimates of such expenses are not determinable.

The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information should be read together with “Organizational Structure,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the historical financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information is included for informational purposes only and does not purport to reflect the results of operations or financial position of TPG that would have occurred had the transactions described above transpired on the dates indicated or had we operated as a public entity during the periods presented or for any future period or date. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information should not be relied upon as being indicative of our future or actual results of operations or financial condition had the Reorganization and offering transactions described under “Organizational Structure” and the other transactions described above occurred on the dates assumed. The unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial information also does not project our results of operations or financial position for any future period or date.

 

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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition

As of September 30, 2021

 

(in thousands)   TPG Group
Holdings
Historical
    Reorganization
and Other
Transaction
Adjustments
          As
Adjusted
Before
Offering
    Offering
Transaction
Adjustments
          TPG Inc.
Pro Forma
 

Assets

             

Cash and cash equivalents

  $ 1,783,221     $ (13,700     (1   $   1,694,521     $ 775,141       (5   $   2,087,518  
      (75,000     (1       (382,144     (5  

Restricted cash

    13,136       —           13,136       —           13,136  

Due from affiliates

    146,515       —           146,515       —           146,515  

Investments

    6,664,831       (721,410     (1     5,943,421       —           5,943,421  

Right-of-use assets

    161,927       —           161,927       —           161,927  

Other assets, net

    359,852       —           359,852       (9,361     (8     350,491  

Assets of consolidated TPG Funds and Public SPACs:

             

Cash and cash equivalents

    4,211       (834     (1     3,377       —           3,377  

Assets held in Trust Accounts

    1,285,021       —           1,285,021       —           1,285,021  

Investments

    250,162       (250,162     (1     —         —           —    

Due from affiliates

    1,927       (1,927     (1     —         —           —    

Due from counterparty

    96,164       (96,164     (1     —         —           —    

Other assets, net

    3,066       (362     (1     2,704       —           2,704  
 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 

Total assets

  $   10,770,033     $ (1,159,559     $ 9,610,474     $ 383,636       $ 9,994,110  
 

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

   

 

 

     

 

 

 
             

Liabilities, redeemable equity and equity

             

Liabilities

             

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

  $ 319,507     $ —         $ 319,507     $ —         $ 319,507  

Due to affiliates

    1,187,688       (254,417     (1     933,271       11,785       (9     945,056  

Secured borrowings, net

    244,874       —           244,874       —           244,874  

Senior unsecured term loan

    —         200,000       (3     200,000       —           200,000  

Revolving credit facility to affiliate

    —         —           —         —           —    

Accrued performance allocations compensation

    —           3,475,299       (4     3,475,299       —           3,475,299  

Operating lease liability

    180,570       —           180,570       —           180,570  

Other liabilities, net

    63,951       —           63,951       —           63,951  
             

Liabilities of consolidated TPG Funds and Public SPACs: