<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0407</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2023-05-15</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001878313</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>MAIA Biotechnology, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>MAIA</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001913350</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Luput Cristian</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>444 WEST LAKE STREET, SUITE 1700</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>CHICAGO</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>IL</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>60606</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <aff10b5One>1</aff10b5One>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2023-05-15</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>3000</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>2.63</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>298068</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The purchases reported in this Form 4 were automatically effected pursuant to a previously executed purchasing plan of Mr. Luput that is intended to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The price reported is a weighted average price. The shares were purchased in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $2.505 to $2.74, inclusive. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to any security holder of the Issuer, or to the Issuer, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares purchased at each separate price within the range set forth above.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Cristian Luput</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2023-05-17</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
