<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2023-03-09</periodOfReport>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001878313</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>MAIA Biotechnology, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>MAIA</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001913253</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Guerrero Ramiro</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>444 WEST LAKE STREET, SUITE 1700</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>CHICAGO</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>IL</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>60606</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>1</isDirector>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2023-03-09</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>1057</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>3.98</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>299933.04</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2023-03-10</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness></transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>443</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>3.98</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                    <footnoteId id="F3"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>300376.04</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The purchases in this Form 4 were automatically effected pursuant to a previously executed purchasing plan for Mr. Guerrrero that is intended to comply with the Rule 10b5-1(c) promulgated under the Securites Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The price reported is a weighted average price.  The shares were purchased in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $3.87 to $4.00, inclusive.  The Reporting Person undertakes to provide to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to any security holder of the Issuer, or to the Issuer, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares purchased at each separate price within the range set forth above.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">The price reported is a weighted average price. The shares were purchased in multiple transactions at prices ranging from $3.935 to $4.00, inclusive. The Reporting Person undertakes to provide to the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to any security holder of the Issuer, or to the Issuer, upon request, full information regarding the number of shares purchased at each separate price within the range set forth above.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Ramiro Guerrero</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2023-03-13</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
