Financial risk management objectives and policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Financial risk management objectives and policies

Summary of Interest Rate Sensitivity

	Effect
	USD
31 December 2024
+/- 100 basis point increase	894
31 December 2023
+/- 100 basis point increase	12,935
31 December 2022
+/- 100 basis point increase	37,968

Summary of Exchange Rates Applied During Period in Respect of Currencies

	Spot rate		Average rate
	As of 31 December		As of 31 December
	2024	2023	2024	2023
EGP	50.77	30.97	43.94	30.65
KES	129.22	157.28	134.14	139.32
EUR	0.96	1.10	1.08	1.08
MYR	4.47	4.59	4.61	4.55
ARS	1,030.05	809.71	1,014.90	261.60

Summary of sensitivity analysis of strengthening weakening of the currency against USD currency would impact on financial instruments

	As of 31 December
	2024	2023	2022
	USD	USD	USD
EGP to USD	191,279	232,797	471,056
KES to USD	52,186	43,250	35,975
EUR to USD	227,204	241,043	329,551
MYR to USD	1,269	1,235	1,069
ARS to USD	65,688	101,488	209,497
Pre-tax impact	537,626	619,813	1,047,148

Summary of exposure to credit risk

	As of 31 December
	2024	2023
	USD	USD
Trade and other receivables	4,009,282	5,327,877
Cash and cash equivalents	4,958,983	2,922,755
Sublease receivables	—	571,022
	8,968,265	8,821,654

Summary of expected credit losses

(i) Expected credit losses on trade receivables

As of 31 December 2024

Days outstanding	Current		0 – 30		31 – 60		61 – 90		91 – 120		121 – 150		151 – 180		180+		Total
Exposure at default	1,514,964		265,026		217,930		104,129		20,471		8,878		40,878		442,669		2,614,945
Loss rate	6	%	11	%	15	%	18	%	44	%	48	%	52	%	100	%	25	%
Expected credit losses	94,851		29,454		32,637		18,959		9,061		4,278		21,062		442,669		652,971

As of 31 December 2023

Days outstanding	Current		0 – 30		31 – 60		61 – 90		91 – 120		121 – 150		151 – 180		180+		Total
Exposure at default	1,944,166		236,350		73,680		135,003		104,733		41,880		101,313		1,354,050		3,991,175
Loss rate	8	%	15	%	24	%	33	%	48	%	65	%	85	%	100	%	45	%
Expected credit losses	161,118		36,310		17,436		44,483		50,759		27,354		85,969		1,354,050		1,777,479

- Totals of expected credit losses as a percentage of the exposure may not tie due to percentage rounding.

- Payment terms are typically 30-60 days.

- Following the portfolio optimization plans (Note 32), there has been significant focus on improving liquidity through collections from corporate accounts with high outstanding receivables.

(ii) Expected credit losses on customer wallet receivables

As of 31 December 2024

Days outstanding	Current		0 – 30		31 – 60		61 – 90		91 – 120		121 – 150		151 – 180		180+		Total
Exposure at default	151,646		173,664		177,214		173,287		196,888		177,555		58,949		476,442		1,585,645
Loss rate	9	%	18	%	27	%	36	%	45	%	59	%	77	%	98	%	54	%
Expected credit losses	13,648		31,259		47,848		62,383		88,600		103,870		45,096		468,911		861,615

As of 31 December 2023

Days outstanding	Current		0 – 30		31 – 60		61 – 90		91 – 120		121 – 150		151 – 180		180+		Total
Exposure at default	22,602		9,546		40,942		49,618		46,961		65,738		76,341		404,207		715,955
Loss rate	9	%	18	%	27	%	36	%	45	%	59	%	77	%	99	%	77	%
Expected credit losses	2,034		1,718		11,054		17,863		21,132		38,457		58,401		400,170		550,829

- Totals of expected credit losses as a percentage of the exposure may not tie due to percentage rounding.

Summary of contractual undiscounted cash flows

		Between one	Between two
	Maturity up	and two	and three
	to one year	years	years	Total
	USD	USD	USD	USD
31 December 2024
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables	9,345,716	30,850	—	9,376,566
Lease liabilities	606,881	440,183	—	1,047,064
Deferred purchase price	1,148,013	—	—	1,148,013
Current tax liabilities	836,117	—	—	836,117
Derivatives warrant liabilities	—	—	669,156	669,156
	11,936,727	471,033	669,156	13,076,916
31 December 2023
Accounts payable, accruals and other payables	7,810,902	83,961	—	7,894,863
Lease liabilities	640,695	579,335	442,381	1,662,411
Deferred purchase price	1,207,682	—	—	1,207,682
Current tax liabilities	627,068	—	—	627,068
Due to a related party	131,523	—	—	131,523
Derivatives warrant liabilities	—	—	106,420	106,420
	10,417,870	663,296	548,801	11,629,967