COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES	6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2026
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES	COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES Environmental and Legal Proceedings The Company is subject to environmental and legal proceedings in the countries in which we operate. Accruals for contingent liabilities, such as environmental remediation costs, are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset impaired and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has estimated some probable liability associated with environmental remediation matters that is immaterial in the aggregate as of June 30, 2026. Legacy Basins Environmental Matter (Brazil) At the Company’s Mogi Guaçu mill, there are legacy basin areas that were formerly lagoons used for treatment of mill wastewater from pulp and paper manufacturing. In coordination with and in response to a request by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (“CETESB”), which is the state environmental regulatory authority, there was continuous regulatory monitoring and sampling of the former basins, which began prior to their closure in 2006, both to assess for contamination and evaluate whether additional remediation is needed beyond the basins’ ongoing natural vegetation growth. This monitoring and sampling detected metal contamination, with the main constituent of potential environmental impact being mercury. The Company presented CETESB with proposals for studies and other actions to further assess the scope and type of contamination and the possible need for an additional remediation approach. In October 2022, CETESB requested that the Company expand its efforts to include providing CETESB with a proposed pilot intervention (remediation) plan for a portion of the former basins. The purpose of the pilot intervention plan was to facilitate determination of the appropriate actions to take for the basins generally, guided by the results of the pilot intervention plan in the subset portion of the basins. The Company submitted a proposed pilot intervention plan to CETESB in late 2023, and CETESB approved its pre-intervention stages and certain additional measures that the Company later submitted. The requirement to conduct the pilot intervention plan was thereafter suspended, as agreed by CETESB, and the Company continued to conduct environmental testing and analysis and engage with CETESB in review of the results and establishing next steps. On June 15, 2026, an agreement between the Company and CETESB was approved by the State Court of São Paulo, concluding a proceeding initiated by the Company to clarify or close various requirements imposed on the Company by CETESB with respect to the basins’ site (the “CETESB Agreement”). The CETESB agreement is a favorable result for the Company, because it establishes that the type of remediation needed at the site will depend upon the site’s future use to be proposed by the Company. As a result, neither a pilot intervention plan nor further environmental testing to establish a remediation method for the site will be necessary. Pursuant to the CETESB Agreement, by March 2027 (subject to extension), the Company must provide CETESB with a plan for potential future use of the site and proposed monitoring, management and, potentially, remediation, appropriate to such use. As of June 30, 2026, the Company has recorded an immaterial liability, mainly for fees that it expects to incur for third-party assistance with preparing the Company’s plan contemplated by the CETESB Agreement. The Company is unable to estimate its ultimate potential liability, which may be material and will depend primarily upon the Company’s proposed use for the site in such plan, the monitoring and remediation determined to be appropriate to such use, the timeframe for implementing the plan, and CETESB’s approval of the plan, including any requirements that CETESB may impose as a condition to its approval. CETESB’s approval will depend upon CETESB’s assessment of the plan, including supporting third-party consultant information to be developed and included in the plan. Suzano Pulp Supply VAT Matter (Brazil) Suzano S.A. (“Suzano”) and the Company are in arbitration over a dispute related to Suzano’s decision to invoice Brazilian VAT, starting January 2026, on pulp sold to the Company under a supply agreement entered into in 2006 (“Supply Agreement”), pursuant to which Suzano supplies pulp to the Company’s Três Lagoas, Brazil mill. VAT was not invoiced on sales under the agreement prior to 2026, and the parties disagree on whether invoicing VAT is allowed under the Supply Agreement. In March 2026, the Company obtained a preliminary injunction preventing Suzano from invoicing VAT until resolution of this matter in arbitration. However, on August 6, 2026, Suzano won a court appeal to revoke the injunction, giving Suzano the ability to invoice VAT under the Supply Agreement, potentially totaling $15 to $20 million annually. If the Company prevails in arbitration, the Company will be entitled to recover any VAT amounts collected by Suzano in connection with the Supply Agreement, in addition to any other available remedies. If Suzano were to prevail, its ability to invoice VAT would expire in 2032 due to a change in Brazil’s VAT law. The dispute process and related arbitration in Brazil is in early stages, and the Company intends to vigorously defend its position that the VAT should not be invoiced. As of June 30, 2026, the Company has not recorded any liability for this matter. Taxes Other Than Payroll Taxes See Note 10 Income Taxes for a discussion of a goodwill amortization tax matter in Brazil. During the first quarter of 2024, the State of Sao Paulo issued a tax assessment to Sylvamo Brasil for approximately $57 million (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates) regarding unpaid VAT arising from intercompany transactions. This assessment includes $20 million in tax and $37 million in interest and penalties. The Company is challenging this assessment. As of June 30, 2026, no reserve has been recorded by the Company because the risk of loss is not probable. Since 2012, the Company has been involved in a dispute with Brazilian tax authorities concerning VAT credits taken in 2009 and 2010 related to imported materials used in the Company’s operations. The potential liability of $27 million includes $6 million of tax and $21 million of interest, legal fees and penalties (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). Also, since 2016, the Company has been involved in a similar, separate dispute concerning VAT credits taken in 2011 through 2013. The potential liability for this matter is $19 million which includes $4 million of tax and $15 million of interest, legal fees and penalties (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). Although initially not material, the potential liability for these disputes has become material over time due to variations in currency exchange rates and the accumulation of interest. The Company is vigorously defending both cases in Brazilian courts. If the Company fails to prevail in either case, it could set a precedent for the other case. As of June 30, 2026, no reserve has been recorded by the Company because the risk of loss in both cases is not probable. We have other open tax matters awaiting resolution in Brazil, which are at various stages of review in various administrative and judicial proceedings. We routinely assess these tax matters for materiality and probability of loss or gain, and appropriate amounts have been recorded in our financial statements for any open items where the risk of loss is deemed probable. We currently do not consider any of these other tax matters to be material individually. However, it is reasonably possible that settlement of any of these matters concurrently could result in a material loss or that over time a matter could become material, for example, if interest were accruing on the amount at issue for a significant period of time. Also, future exchange rate fluctuations could be unfavorable to the U.S. dollar and significant enough to cause an open matter to become material. The expected timing for resolution of these open matters ranges from one year to ten years. General The Company is involved in various other inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation relating to environmental and safety matters, taxes (including VAT), personal injury, product liability, labor and employment, contracts, sales of property and other matters, some of which allege substantial monetary damages. Assessments of lawsuits and claims can involve a series of complex judgments about future events, can rely heavily on estimates and assumptions, and are otherwise subject to significant uncertainties. As a result, there can be no certainty that the Company will not ultimately incur charges in excess of presently recorded liabilities. The Company believes that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including the matters described herein, will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in pending or threatened legal matters, some of which are beyond the Company's control, and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, a future adverse ruling, settlement, unfavorable development, or increase in accruals with respect to these matters, could result in future charges that could be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period.

The Company is subject to environmental and legal proceedings in the countries in which we operate. Accruals for contingent liabilities, such as environmental remediation costs, are recorded in the consolidated financial statements when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset impaired and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company has estimated some probable liability associated with environmental remediation matters that is immaterial in the aggregate as of June 30, 2026.

At the Company’s Mogi Guaçu mill, there are legacy basin areas that were formerly lagoons used for treatment of mill wastewater from pulp and paper manufacturing. In coordination with and in response to a request by the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (“CETESB”), which is the state environmental regulatory authority, there was continuous regulatory monitoring and sampling of the former basins, which began prior to their closure in 2006, both to assess for contamination and evaluate whether additional remediation is needed beyond the basins’ ongoing natural vegetation growth. This monitoring and sampling detected metal contamination, with the main constituent of potential environmental impact being mercury. The Company presented CETESB with proposals for studies and other actions to further assess the scope and type of contamination and the possible need for an additional remediation approach.

In October 2022, CETESB requested that the Company expand its efforts to include providing CETESB with a proposed pilot intervention (remediation) plan for a portion of the former basins. The purpose of the pilot intervention plan was to facilitate determination of the appropriate actions to take for the basins generally, guided by the results of the pilot intervention plan in the subset portion of the basins. The Company submitted a proposed pilot intervention plan to CETESB in late 2023, and CETESB approved its pre-intervention stages and certain additional measures that the Company later submitted. The requirement to conduct the pilot intervention plan was thereafter suspended, as agreed by CETESB, and the Company continued to conduct environmental testing and analysis and engage with CETESB in review of the results and establishing next steps.

On June 15, 2026, an agreement between the Company and CETESB was approved by the State Court of São Paulo, concluding a proceeding initiated by the Company to clarify or close various requirements imposed on the Company by CETESB with respect to the basins’ site (the “CETESB Agreement”). The CETESB agreement is a favorable result for the Company, because it establishes that the type of remediation needed at the site will depend upon the site’s future use to be proposed by the Company. As a result, neither a pilot intervention plan nor further environmental testing to establish a remediation method for the site will be necessary. Pursuant to the CETESB Agreement, by March 2027 (subject to extension), the Company must provide CETESB with a plan for potential future use of the site and proposed monitoring, management and, potentially, remediation, appropriate to such use.

As of June 30, 2026, the Company has recorded an immaterial liability, mainly for fees that it expects to incur for third-party assistance with preparing the Company’s plan contemplated by the CETESB Agreement. The Company is unable to estimate its

ultimate potential liability, which may be material and will depend primarily upon the Company’s proposed use for the site in such plan, the monitoring and remediation determined to be appropriate to such use, the timeframe for implementing the plan, and CETESB’s approval of the plan, including any requirements that CETESB may impose as a condition to its approval. CETESB’s approval will depend upon CETESB’s assessment of the plan, including supporting third-party consultant information to be developed and included in the plan.

Suzano S.A. (“Suzano”) and the Company are in arbitration over a dispute related to Suzano’s decision to invoice Brazilian VAT, starting January 2026, on pulp sold to the Company under a supply agreement entered into in 2006 (“Supply Agreement”), pursuant to which Suzano supplies pulp to the Company’s Três Lagoas, Brazil mill. VAT was not invoiced on sales under the agreement prior to 2026, and the parties disagree on whether invoicing VAT is allowed under the Supply Agreement.

In March 2026, the Company obtained a preliminary injunction preventing Suzano from invoicing VAT until resolution of this matter in arbitration. However, on August 6, 2026, Suzano won a court appeal to revoke the injunction, giving Suzano the ability to invoice VAT under the Supply Agreement, potentially totaling $15 to $20 million annually. If the Company prevails in arbitration, the Company will be entitled to recover any VAT amounts collected by Suzano in connection with the Supply Agreement, in addition to any other available remedies. If Suzano were to prevail, its ability to invoice VAT would expire in 2032 due to a change in Brazil’s VAT law.

The dispute process and related arbitration in Brazil is in early stages, and the Company intends to vigorously defend its position that the VAT should not be invoiced. As of June 30, 2026, the Company has not recorded any liability for this matter.

During the first quarter of 2024, the State of Sao Paulo issued a tax assessment to Sylvamo Brasil for approximately $57 million (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates) regarding unpaid VAT arising from intercompany transactions. This assessment includes $20 million in tax and $37 million in interest and penalties. The Company is challenging this assessment. As of June 30, 2026, no reserve has been recorded by the Company because the risk of loss is not probable.

Since 2012, the Company has been involved in a dispute with Brazilian tax authorities concerning VAT credits taken in 2009 and 2010 related to imported materials used in the Company’s operations. The potential liability of $27 million includes $6 million of tax and $21 million of interest, legal fees and penalties (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). Also, since 2016, the Company has been involved in a similar, separate dispute concerning VAT credits taken in 2011 through 2013. The potential liability for this matter is $19 million which includes $4 million of tax and $15 million of interest, legal fees and penalties (adjusted for variation in currency exchange rates). Although initially not material, the potential liability for these disputes has become material over time due to variations in currency exchange rates and the accumulation of interest. The Company is vigorously defending both cases in Brazilian courts. If the Company fails to prevail in either case, it could set a precedent for the other case. As of June 30, 2026, no reserve has been recorded by the Company because the risk of loss in both cases is not probable.

We have other open tax matters awaiting resolution in Brazil, which are at various stages of review in various administrative and judicial proceedings. We routinely assess these tax matters for materiality and probability of loss or gain, and appropriate amounts have been recorded in our financial statements for any open items where the risk of loss is deemed probable. We currently do not consider any of these other tax matters to be material individually. However, it is reasonably possible that settlement of any of these matters concurrently could result in a material loss or that over time a matter could become material, for example, if interest were accruing on the amount at issue for a significant period of time. Also, future exchange rate fluctuations could be unfavorable to the U.S. dollar and significant enough to cause an open matter to become material. The expected timing for resolution of these open matters ranges from one year to ten years.

The Company is involved in various other inquiries, administrative proceedings and litigation relating to environmental and safety matters, taxes (including VAT), personal injury, product liability, labor and employment, contracts, sales of property and other matters, some of which allege substantial monetary damages. Assessments of lawsuits and claims can involve a series of

complex judgments about future events, can rely heavily on estimates and assumptions, and are otherwise subject to significant uncertainties. As a result, there can be no certainty that the Company will not ultimately incur charges in excess of presently recorded liabilities. The Company believes that loss contingencies arising from pending matters, including the matters described herein, will not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Company. However, in light of the inherent uncertainties involved in pending or threatened legal matters, some of which are beyond the Company's control, and the large or indeterminate damages sought in some of these matters, a future adverse ruling, settlement, unfavorable development, or increase in accruals with respect to these matters, could result in future charges that could be material to the Company's results of operations or cash flows in any particular reporting period.