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Significant Accounting Policies (FY)

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Significant Accounting Policies

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act, as modified by the JOBS Act, and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the independent registered public accounting firm attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had cash of $41,577 and $224,394, respectively, and no cash equivalents. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company also had $0 and $75,773 of restricted cash related to funds withdrawn from the Trust Account reserved to the payment of taxes.

Cash Held in Trust Account

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, funds held in Trust Account consisted of interest bearing demand deposits and generally have a readily determinable fair value. Interest on the demand deposit account is included in income from Trust Account in the accompanying statements of operations.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company was not exposed to significant risks on such account.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under the FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the condensed consolidated balance sheet, primarily due to its short-term nature.

The Company follows the guidance in ASC 820 for its financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reported at fair value at each reporting period, and non-financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reported at fair value at least annually.

The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not being applied. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these securities does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2—Valuations based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, (ii) quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities, or (iv) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market through correlation or other means.

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Net (Loss) Income Per Common Stock

The Company has two classes of common stock, which are referred to as redeemable Class A common stock and non-redeemable Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of stockholders. Private and public warrants to purchase 22,700,000 Class A common stock at $11.50 per share were issued on November 1, 2021. No warrants were exercised during the period ended March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The calculation of diluted (loss) income per common stock does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with (i) the Initial Public Offering, (ii) the exercise of the over-allotment and (iii) the Private Placement since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As

a result, diluted net (loss) income per common stock is the same as basic net (loss) income per common stock for the periods. Accretion associated with the redeemable Class A common stock is excluded from (loss) income per common stock as the redemption value approximates fair value.

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	Redeemable Class A	Non-redeemable Class A and Class B	Redeemable Class A	Non-redeemable Class A and Class B
Basic diluted net (loss) income per share
Numerator:
Allocation of net (loss) income	$(513,892)	$(1,720,377)	$1,218,047	$304,512
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	1,717,578	5,750,000	23,000,000	5,750,000
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share	$(0.30)	$(0.30)	$0.05	$0.05

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Derivative instruments are initially recorded at fair value on the grant date and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the condensed consolidated balance sheet date.

Warrant Liability

The Company accounted for the 22,700,000 warrants issued in connection with the IPO and Private Placement in accordance with the guidance contained in FASB ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” whereby under that provision the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as a liability. Accordingly, the Company classified the warrant instrument as a liability at fair value and will adjust the instrument to fair value at each reporting period. This liability will be re-measured at each balance sheet date until the warrants are exercised or expire, and any change in fair value will be recognized in the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of privately-held warrants was estimated using an internal valuation model. Our valuation model utilized inputs such as assumed share prices, volatility, discount factors and other assumptions and may not be reflective of the price at which they can be settled. Such warrant classification is also subject to re-evaluation at each reporting period.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s deferred tax asset had a full valuation allowance recorded against it. Our effective tax rate was (5.7)% and 25.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, primarily due to changes in fair value in warrant liability, non-deductible transaction costs, state and city taxes and the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets. Additionally, the effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2024 due to Initial Business Combination expenses and New York State and City taxes.

While ASC 740 identifies usage of an effective annual tax rate for purposes of an interim provision, it does allow for estimating individual elements in the current period if they are significant, unusual or infrequent. Computing the effective tax rate for the Company is complicated due to the potential impact of the Company’s change in fair value of warrants (or any other change in fair value of a complex financial instrument), the timing of any potential business combination expenses and the actual interest income that will be recognized during the year. The Company has taken a position as to the calculation of income tax expense in a current period based on ASC 740-270-25-3 which states,

“If an entity is unable to estimate a part of its ordinary income (or loss) or the related tax (benefit) but is otherwise able to make a reasonable estimate, the tax (or benefit) applicable to the item that cannot be estimated shall be reported in the interim period in which the item is reported.” The Company believes its calculation to be a reliable estimate and allows it to properly take into account the usual elements that can impact its annualized book income and its impact on the effective tax rate. As such, the Company is computing its taxable income and associated income tax provision based on actual results through March 31, 2024.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company has identified the United States, New York State and New York City as its only “major” tax jurisdiction.

The Company is subject to income taxation by major taxing authorities since inception. These examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with federal and state tax laws. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months.

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

All of the common stock sold as part of the Units in the IPO contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, if there is a stockholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Business Combination and in connection with certain amendments to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In accordance with SEC and its staff’s guidance on redeemable equity instruments, which has been codified in ASC 480-10-S99, redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company require common stock subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity. Therefore, all shares of Class A common stock have been classified outside of permanent equity.

The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable common stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable common stock are affected by charges against additional paid in capital and accumulated deficit.

As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption reflected on the condensed consolidated balance sheet are reconciled in the following table:

	March 31, 2024	December 31, 2023
As of beginning of the period	$18,853,961	$237,020,680
Less:
Redemptions	—	(223,500,610)
Plus:
Extension funding of Trust Account	137,406	1,300,000
Remeasurement adjustment of carrying value to redemption value	82,709	4,033,891
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption	$19,074,076	$18,853,961

At December 31, 2023, an excess of $75,773 was withdrawn from the interest earned in the Trust Account related to the timing of payments of taxes. During the first quarter of 2024, the Company has repaid the excess withdrawals from the Trust Account.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 and the standard was applied on a full retrospective basis. There was no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (ASU 2023-09), which requires disclosure of incremental income tax information within the rate reconciliation and expanded disclosures of income taxes paid, among other disclosure requirements. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company’s management does not believe the adoption of ASU 2023-09 will have a material impact on its financial statements and disclosures.

The Company’s management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statement is presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Emerging Growth Company

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s consolidated financial statements with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had cash of $224,394 and $1,426,006, respectively, and no cash equivalents. At December 31, 2023, the Company also had $75,773 of restricted cash related to funds withdrawn from the Trust Account reserved to the payment of taxes.

Cash and Investment Held in Trust Account

As of December 31, 2023, funds held in Trust Account consisted of interest bearing demand deposits and generally have a readily determinable fair value. Interest on the demand deposit account is included in income from cash and investments held in Trust Account in the accompanying statements of operations.

At December 31, 2022, investments held in the Trust Account are held in a money market fund characterized as Level 1 investments within the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 (as defined below).

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company was not exposed to significant risks on such account.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under the FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the consolidated balance sheet, primarily due to its short-term nature.

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Net Income Per Common Stock

The Company has two classes of common stock, which are referred to as Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of stockholders. Private and public warrants to purchase 22,700,000 Class A common stock at $11.50 per share were issued on November 1, 2021. No warrants were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The calculation of diluted income per common stock does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with (i) the Initial Public Offering, (ii) the exercise of the over-allotment and (iii) the Private Placement since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As a result, diluted net income per common stock is the same as basic net income per common stock for the periods. Accretion associated with the redeemable Class A common stock is excluded from income per common stock as the redemption value approximates fair value.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022
	Redeemable Class A	Non-redeemable Class A and Class B	Redeemable Class A	Non-redeemable Class A and Class B
Basic and diluted net income per share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$15,762	$8,185	$9,224,091	$2,306,023
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	11,072,452	5,750,000	23,000,000	5,750,000
Basic and diluted net income per share	$0.00	$0.00	$0.40	$0.40

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Derivative instruments are initially recorded at fair value on the grant date and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the consolidated statement of operations. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the consolidated balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the consolidated balance sheet date.

Warrant Liability

The Company accounted for the 22,700,000 warrants issued in connection with the IPO and Private Placement in accordance with the guidance contained in FASB ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” whereby under that provision the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as a liability. Accordingly, the Company classified the warrant instrument as a liability at fair value and will adjust the instrument to fair value at each reporting period. This liability will be re-measured at each balance sheet date until the warrants are exercised or expire, and any change in fair value will be recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations. The fair value of privately-held warrants was estimated using an internal valuation model. Our valuation model utilized inputs such as assumed share prices, volatility, discount factors and other assumptions and may not be reflective of the price at which they can be settled. Such warrant classification is also subject to re-evaluation at each reporting period.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s deferred tax asset had a full valuation allowance recorded against it. Our effective tax rate was 97.9% and 5.3% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 21% for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, primarily due to changes in fair value in warrant liability, warrant transaction costs, business combination expenses and the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets.

ASC 740 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2023. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company has identified the United States as its only “major” tax jurisdiction.

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption reflected on the consolidated balance sheet are reconciled in the following table:

	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
As of beginning of the period	$237,020,680	$234,600,000
Less:
Redemptions	(223,500,610)	—
Plus:
Extension funding of Trust Account	1,300,000	—
Remeasurement adjustment of carrying value to redemption value	4,033,891	2,420,680
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption	$18,853,961	$237,020,680

At December 31, 2023, an excess of $75,773 was withdrawn from the interest earned in the Trust Account related to the timing of payments of taxes. As of the date of this filing, the Company has repaid the excess withdrawals from the Trust Account.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. The Company

adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 and the standard was applied on a full retrospective basis. There was no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.