Significant Accounting Policies (FY) (Policies)

9 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

The accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 8 of Regulation S-X of the SEC. Certain information or footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes necessary for a complete presentation of financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of a normal recurring nature, which are necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position, operating results and cash flows for the periods presented.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statement is presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the unaudited condensed financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Offering Costs associated with the Initial Public Offering

The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99-1. Offering costs consisted of legal, accounting, underwriting fees and other costs incurred through the IPO that were directly related to the IPO. Offering costs will be allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the IPO based on a relative fair value basis, compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs associated with warrant liabilities were expensed and presented as non-operating expenses in the statement of operations and offering costs associated with the Class A common stock were charged to temporary equity.

Offering costs amounted to $13,457,525 consisting of $4,000,000 of underwriting commissions, $8,650,000 of deferred underwriting commissions, and $807,525 of other offering costs. Of the offering costs, $509,712 is included within the statement of operations and $12,947,813 is included in temporary equity.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had cash of $213,335 and $1,426,006, respectively, and no cash equivalents.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had cash of $1,426,006 and $1,393,939, respectively, and no cash equivalents.

Investment Held in Trust Account

Investments held in the Trust Account are held in a money market fund characterized as Level 1 investments within the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 (as defined below).

Investment Held in Trust Account

Investments held in the Trust Account are held in a money market fund characterized as Level 1 investments within the fair value hierarchy under ASC 820 (as defined below).

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company was not exposed to significant risks on such account.

Concentration of credit risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of a cash account in a financial institution which, at times may exceed the Federal depository insurance coverage of $250,000. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had not experienced losses on this account and management believes the Company was not exposed to significant risks on such account.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the Company’s assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under the FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheet, primarily due to its short-term nature.

The Company follows the guidance in ASC 820 for its financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reported at fair value at each reporting period, and non-financial assets and liabilities that are re-measured and reported at fair value at least annually.

The fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities reflects management’s estimate of amounts that the Company would have received in connection with the sale of the assets or paid in connection with the transfer of the liabilities in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In connection with measuring the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company seeks to maximize the use of observable inputs (market data obtained from independent sources) and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs (internal assumptions about how market participants would price assets and liabilities). The following fair value hierarchy is used to classify assets and liabilities based on the observable inputs and unobservable inputs used in order to value the assets and liabilities:

Level 1—Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not being applied. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these securities does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2—Valuations based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, (ii) quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities, or (iv) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market through correlation or other means.

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

Net Income Per Common Stock

Net (Loss) Income Per Common Stock

The Company has two classes of common stock, which are referred to as Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of stockholders. Private and public warrants to purchase 22,700,000 Class A common stock at $11.50 per share were issued on November 1, 2021. No warrants were exercised during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022. The calculation of diluted (loss) income per common stock does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with (i) the Initial Public Offering, (ii) the exercise of the over-allotment and (iii) the Private Placement since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As a result, diluted net (loss) income per common stock is the same as basic net (loss) income per common stock for the periods. Accretion associated with the redeemable Class A common stock is excluded from (loss) income per common stock as the redemption value approximates fair value.

	For the Three Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
	Class A	Class B	Class A	Class B
Basic diluted net (loss) income per share
Numerator:
Allocation of net (loss) income	$(881,804)	$(889,103)	$1,524,478	$381,120
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	5,702,791	5,750,000	23,000,000	5,750,000
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share	$(0.15)	$(0.15)	$0.07	$0.07

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2023		2022
	Class A	Class B	Class A	Class B
Basic diluted net (loss) income per share
Numerator:
Allocation of net (loss) income	$(497,798)	$(221,444)	$7,785,699	$1,946,425
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	12,925,801	5,750,000	23,000,000	5,750,000
Basic and diluted net (loss) income per share	$(0.04)	$(0.04)	$0.34	$0.34

Net Income Per Common Stock

The Company has two classes of common stock, which are referred to as Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Earnings and losses are shared pro rata between the two classes of stockholders. Private and public warrants to purchase 22,700,000 Class A common stock at $11.50 per share were issued on November 1, 2021. No warrants were exercised during the year ended December 31, 2022 and the period from February 23, 2021 (inception) through December 31, 2021. The calculation of diluted income per common stock does not consider the effect of the warrants issued in connection with (i) the Initial Public Offering, (ii) the exercise of the over-allotment and (iii) the Private Placement since the exercise of the warrants is contingent upon the occurrence of future events. As a result, diluted net income per common stock is the same as basic net income per common stock for the periods. Accretion associated with the redeemable Class A common stock is excluded from earnings per common stock as the redemption value approximates fair value.

	For the Year Ended December 31, 2022		For the Period from February 23, 2021 (Inception) Through December 31, 2021
	Class A	Class B	Class A	Class B
Basic and diluted net income per share
Numerator:
Allocation of net income	$9,224,091	$2,306,023	$1,684,834	$2,144,335
Denominator:
Weighted average shares outstanding	23,000,000	5,750,000	3,843,836	4,915,068
Basic and diluted net income per share, redeemable common stock	$0.40	$0.40	$0.44	$0.44

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company evaluates its financial instruments to determine if such instruments are derivatives or contain features that qualify as embedded derivatives in accordance with ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging”. Derivative instruments are initially recorded at fair value on the grant date and re-valued at each reporting date, with changes in the fair value reported in the statement of operations. Derivative assets and liabilities are classified in the balance sheet as current or non-current based on whether or not net-cash settlement or conversion of the instrument could be required within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Warrant Liability

The Company accounted for the 22,700,000 warrants issued in connection with the IPO and Private Placement in accordance with the guidance contained in FASB ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging” whereby under that provision the warrants do not meet the criteria for equity treatment and must be recorded as a liability. Accordingly, the Company classified the warrant instrument as a liability at fair value and will adjust the instrument to fair value at each reporting period. This liability will be re-measured at each balance sheet date until the warrants are exercised or expire, and any change in fair value will be recognized in the Company’s statement of operations. The fair value of privately-held warrants was estimated using an internal valuation model. Our valuation model utilized inputs such as assumed share prices, volatility, discount factors and other assumptions and may not be reflective of the price at which they can be settled. Such warrant classification is also subject to re-evaluation at each reporting period.

Warrant Liability

Company classified the warrant instrument as a liability at fair value and will adjust the instrument to fair value at each reporting period. This liability will be re-measured at each balance sheet date until the warrants are exercised or expire, and any change in fair value will be recognized in the Company’s statement of operations. The fair value of warrants was estimated using an internal valuation model. Our valuation model utilized inputs such as assumed share prices, volatility, discount factors and other assumptions and may not be reflective of the price at which they can be settled. Such warrant classification is also subject to re-evaluation at each reporting period.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740, “Income Taxes.” ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the unaudited condensed financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company’s deferred tax asset had a full valuation allowance recorded against it. The effective tax rate was (9.58)% and 10.04% for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and 428.34% and 2.31% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory tax rate of 21% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, due to the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets, Business Combination expenses subsequent to signing a letter of intent, recovery of offering costs allocated to warrants, and a change in the fair value of the warrants.

While ASC 740 identifies usage of an effective annual tax rate for purposes of an interim provision, it does allow for estimating individual elements in the current period if they are significant, unusual or infrequent. Computing the effective tax rate for the Company is complicated due to the potential impact of the Company’s change in fair value of warrants (or any other change in fair value of a complex financial instrument), the timing of any potential business combination expenses and the actual interest income that will be recognized during the year. The Company has taken a position as to the calculation of income tax expense in a current period based on ASC 740-270-25-3 which states, “If an entity is unable to estimate a part of its ordinary income (or loss) or the related tax (benefit) but is otherwise able to make a reasonable estimate, the tax (or benefit) applicable to the item that cannot be estimated shall be reported in the interim period in which the item is reported.” The Company believes its calculation to be a reliable estimate and allows it to properly take into account the usual elements that can impact its annualized book income and its impact on the effective tax rate. As such, the Company is computing its taxable income and associated income tax provision based on actual results through September 30, 2023.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company has identified the United States as its only “major” tax jurisdiction.

The Company is subject to income taxation by major taxing authorities since inception. These examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with federal and state tax laws. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months.

Income Taxes

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2022. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company has identified the United States as its only “major” tax jurisdiction.

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

All of the common stock sold as part of the Units in the IPO contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, if there is a stockholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Business Combination and in connection with certain amendments to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In accordance with SEC and its staff’s guidance on redeemable equity instruments, which has been codified in ASC 480-10-S99, redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company require common stock subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity. Therefore, all shares of Class A common stock have been classified outside of permanent equity.

The Company recognizes changes in redemption value immediately as they occur and adjusts the carrying value of redeemable common stock to equal the redemption value at the end of each reporting period. Increases or decreases in the carrying amount of redeemable common stock are affected by charges against additional paid in capital and accumulated deficit.

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption reflected on the balance sheet are reconciled in the following table:

	September 30, 2023	December 31, 2022
As of beginning of the period	$237,020,680	$234,600,000
Less:
Redemptions	(179,860,588)	—
Plus:
Extension funding of Trust Account	975,000	—
Remeasurement adjustment of carrying value to redemption value	3,404,535	2,420,680
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption	$61,539,627	$237,020,680

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

All of the 23,000,000 common stock sold as part of the Units in the IPO contain a redemption feature which allows for the redemption of such Public Shares in connection with the Company’s liquidation, if there is a stockholder vote or tender offer in connection with the Business Combination and in connection with certain amendments to the Company’s amended and restated certificate of incorporation. In accordance with SEC and its staff’s guidance on redeemable equity instruments, which has been codified in ASC 480-10-S99, redemption provisions not solely within the control of the Company require common stock subject to redemption to be classified outside of permanent equity. Therefore, all shares of Class A common stock have been classified outside of permanent equity.

As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Class A common stock subject to possible redemption reflected on the balance sheet are reconciled in the following table:

	December 31, 2022	December 31, 2021
As of beginning of the period	$234,600,000	$—
Gross proceeds from IPO	—	230,000,000
Less:
Proceeds allocated to Public Warrants	—	(8,395,000)
Class A common stock issuance costs	—	(12,947,813)
Plus:
Remeasurement adjustment of carrying value to redemption value	2,420,680	25,942,813
Class A common stock subject to possible redemption	$237,020,680	$234,600,000

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging – Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 and the standard was applied on a full retrospective basis. There was no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Company’s management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s unaudited condensed financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2020-06, Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) (“ASU 2020-06”) to simplify accounting for certain financial instruments. ASU 2020-06 eliminates the current models that require separation of beneficial conversion and cash conversion features from convertible instruments and simplifies the derivative scope exception guidance pertaining to equity classification of contracts in an entity’s own equity. The new standard also introduces additional disclosures for convertible debt and freestanding instruments that are indexed to and settled in an entity’s own equity. ASU 2020-06 amends the diluted earnings per share guidance, including the requirement to use the if-converted method for all convertible instruments. The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 and the standard was applied on a full retrospective basis. There was no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.