Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Estimates also affect the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the periods reported. Some of the significant estimates that we have made pertain to the determination of deferred tax assets and liabilities; estimates utilized to determine the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations and the related goodwill and intangibles; and certain assumptions used related to the evaluation of goodwill, intangibles, and property and equipment asset impairment. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

We consider all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents. We place our temporary cash investments with high credit quality financial institutions. At times, such investments may exceed federally insured limits; however, management does not believe we are exposed to any significant credit risk on counter party cash and cash equivalents.

On occasion, we are required to maintain restricted cash deposits with certain banks due to contractual or other legal obligations. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had $61 and $149, respectively, in restricted cash set aside for the funding of various maintenance expenses. Restricted cash is recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Accounts Receivable, Net

Accounts receivable, net includes amounts due for consumer credit card sales and other trade accounts receivable. We provide an allowance for doubtful accounts using an expected credit loss model which represents our estimate of expected credit losses over the lifetime of the asset. Recoveries of trade receivables previously written off are recorded when received. Accounts receivable are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $31 and $123 at December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The activity in the allowance for doubtful accounts was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Other Receivables

Other receivables consist primarily of payroll tax withholding and exercise proceeds receivables, construction receivables and insurance receivable from non-healthcare related insurance claims.

We record payroll tax withholding and exercise proceeds receivable for amounts due to us from a third-party broker for amounts used to cover tax liability and exercise proceeds resulting from employee exercises of share-based payment awards.

For certain build-to-suit lease arrangements, we are responsible for the construction of a lessor owned facility using our designs. As construction occurs, we will recognize a construction receivable on the consolidated balance sheets due from the lessor. To the extent costs exceed the amount to be reimbursed by the lessor, we will consider such costs prepaid rent, which are added to the associated operating lease right of use asset once the lease commences.

We carry a broad range of insurance coverage, including general and business auto liability, commercial property, workers’ compensation, cyber risk, and general umbrella policies. We record receivables from our non-healthcare insurance carriers related to these insurance claims, which are included in other receivables. The receivables are paid when the claim is finalized and the reserved amounts on these claims are expected to be paid within one year.

	As of
	December 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Payroll tax withholding and exercise proceeds receivable	$	—	$	834
Construction receivable		4,960		4,584
Income tax receivable		1,011		1,864
Insurance receivable		4,921		4,250
Employee retention credit receivable		1,635		-
Other		2,958		1,986
Total other receivables	$	15,485	$	13,518

Inventory, Net

Inventory, net consists primarily of chemical washing solutions and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value using the average cost method. The activity in the reserve for obsolescence accounts was immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023.

Inventory for the periods presented is as follows:

	As of
	December 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Chemical washing solutions	$	5,537		$	5,831
Other		60			14
Total inventory, gross		5,597			5,845
Reserve for obsolescence		(112	)		(117	)
Total inventory, net	$	5,485		$	5,728

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment purchased are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Assets acquired in business combinations are recorded at fair value. Depreciation and amortization are recorded using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the property or related lease term. Amortization of assets under finance leases is included in depreciation expense. Estimated useful lives range from 10 to 40 years for buildings and leasehold improvements, and from 3 to 7 years for machinery and equipment.

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. Expenditures for major renewals and betterments that extend the useful lives of existing equipment are capitalized.

For items that are disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is recognized as (gain) loss on sale of assets, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

The carrying value of long-lived assets held and used is periodically reviewed for possible impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review.

Other Intangible Assets, Net and Goodwill

We classify intangible assets into three categories: (1) intangible assets with definite lives subject to amortization, (2) intangible assets with indefinite lives not subject to amortization and (3) goodwill. The useful lives of our identifiable intangible assets are determined after considering the specific facts and circumstances related to each intangible asset. The following factors are considered when determining useful lives: the contractual term of any agreement related to the asset, the historical performance of the asset, our long-term strategy for using the asset, any laws or other local regulations which could impact the useful life of the asset, and other economic factors, including competition and specific market conditions.

Intangible assets that are deemed to have definite lives are amortized, primarily on a straight-line basis, over their useful lives, generally ranging from 2 to 10 years. When facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of definite-lived intangible assets may not be recoverable, management assesses the recoverability of the carrying value by preparing estimates of sales volume and the resulting profit and cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset or asset group and its eventual disposition. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount, we will recognize an impairment loss. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset or asset group exceeds the fair value. We use a variety of methodologies to determine the fair value of these assets, including discounted cash flow models, which are consistent with the assumptions hypothetical marketplace participants would use.

Intangible assets determined to have indefinite useful lives, including trade names and trademarks, are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that assets might be impaired. A variety of methodologies are used in conducting impairment assessments of indefinite-lived intangible assets, including, but not limited to, discounted cash flow models, which are based on the assumptions we believe hypothetical marketplace participants would use. For indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, if the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, an impairment charge is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. We have the option to perform a qualitative assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets, other than goodwill, rather than completing the impairment test. We must assess whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the intangible asset is less than its carrying amount. If we conclude that this is the case, we must perform the testing described above. Otherwise, we do not need to perform any further assessment. We completed our indefinite-life intangible asset impairment analysis as of October 31, 2025 and 2024 and concluded that it was not more likely than not that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable.

Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at the reporting unit-level on an annual basis (or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the related carrying amount may be impaired). We evaluate qualitative factors to determine if performing the quantitative impairment test is required. If it is determined that it is more likely than not, as defined in the guidance, that the carrying value is less than the fair value, the potential for goodwill impairment is evaluated and the amount of impairment loss, if any, is measured and recognized. If we determine that it is not more likely than not that the carrying value is less than the fair value, no further evaluation is performed. We completed our goodwill impairment test as of October 31, 2025 and 2024 and concluded that it is not more likely than not that the carrying value is less than the fair value, and therefore, no further evaluation was performed.

Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company has a pay fixed, receive variable interest rate swap contract (“Swap”) to manage its exposure to changes in interest rates. The Swap is recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The Swap is a cash flow hedge and is recorded using hedge accounting, as such, changes in the fair value of the Swap are recorded in other comprehensive loss, net of tax until the hedged item is recognized in earnings. Amounts reported in other comprehensive loss, net of tax related to the Swap are reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. The swap is scheduled to terminate June 30, 2027.

The Company assesses, both at the inception of the hedge and on an ongoing basis, whether the derivative used as a hedging instrument is highly effective in offsetting the changes in the cash flow of the hedged item. If it is determined that the derivative is not highly effective as a hedge or ceases to be highly effective, the Company will discontinue hedge accounting prospectively. See Note 10 Fair Value Measurements and Note 11 Interest Rate Swap for additional information.

Deferred Debt Issuance Costs

Debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability are presented in the consolidated balance sheets as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the related liability except for debt issuance costs related to our Revolving Commitment arrangement. In the case of the line-of-credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are any outstanding borrowings on the line-of-credit arrangement, related debt issuance costs are presented in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

The direct costs associated with the funding of long-term debt are amortized to interest expense over the term of the applicable loan.

Leases

We determine if a contract contains a lease at inception. Our material operating leases consist of car wash locations, warehouses and office space. U.S. GAAP requires that our leases be evaluated and classified as operating or finance leases for financial reporting purposes. The classification evaluation begins at the commencement date, and the lease term used in the evaluation includes the non-cancelable period for which we have the right to use the underlying asset, together with renewal option periods when the exercise of the renewal option is reasonably certain and failure to exercise such option would result in an economic penalty. Nearly all of our car wash and office space leases are classified as operating leases.

We disburse cash for leasehold improvements, furniture and fixtures and equipment to build out and equip our leased premises. Tenant improvement allowance incentives may be available to partially offset the cost of developing and opening the related car washes, pursuant to agreed-upon terms in the respective lease agreements. Tenant improvement allowances can take the form of cash payments upon the opening of the related car washes, full or partial credits against rents otherwise payable by us, or a combination thereof. All tenant improvement allowances we receive are recorded as a contra operating lease right of use asset and amortized over the term of the lease.

The lease term used for straight-line rent expense is calculated from the commencement date (the date we take possession of the premises) through the lease termination date (including any options where exercise is reasonably certain and failure to exercise such option would result in an economic penalty). The initial lease term of our operating leases ranges from 6 to 50 years. We record rent expense on a straight-line basis beginning on the lease commencement date.

Maintenance, insurance and property tax expenses are generally accounted for on an accrual basis as variable lease costs. We recognize variable lease cost for operating leases in the period when changes in facts and circumstances on which the variable lease payments are based occur. All operating lease rent expense is included in other store operating expenses or general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

We record a lease liability for our operating leases equal to the present value of future payments discounted at the estimated fully collateralized incremental borrowing rate (discount rate) corresponding with the lease term as the rate implicit in our leases is not readily determinable. Our operating lease liability calculation is the total rent payable during the lease term, including rent escalations in which the amount of future rent is certain or fixed on the straight-line basis over the term of the lease (including any rent holiday period beginning upon our possession of the premises, and any fixed payments stated in the lease). A corresponding operating lease asset is also recorded equaling the initial amount of the operating lease liability, plus any lease payments made to the lessor before or at the lease commencement date and any initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. The difference between the minimum rents paid and the straight-line rent is reflected within the associated operating lease right of use asset.

Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants. Additionally, we do not enter into lease transactions with related parties.

We make judgments regarding the reasonably certain lease term for each car wash property lease, which can impact the classification and accounting for a lease as finance or operating and/or escalations in payments that are taken into consideration when calculating straight-line rent, and the term over which leasehold improvements for each car wash are amortized. These judgments may produce materially different amounts of depreciation, amortization and rent expense than would be reported if different assumed lease terms were used.

Revenue Recognition

A five-step model is used to recognize revenue from customer contracts under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC 606). The five-step model requires that we (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the respective performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we satisfy the performance obligation.

We recognize revenue in two main streams. First, we offer an Unlimited Wash Club® (“UWC”) program to our customers. The UWC program entitles the customer to unlimited washes for a monthly fee, cancelable at any time.

We enter into a contract with the customer that falls under the definition of a customer contract under ASC 606. Customers are automatically charged on a credit or debit card on the same day of the month that they originally signed up. Our performance obligation is to provide unlimited car wash services for a monthly fee. The UWC revenue is recognized ratably daily over the month in which it is earned and amounts unearned are recorded as deferred revenue on the consolidated balance sheets. All amounts recorded as deferred revenue at year end are recognized as revenue in the following year. Second, revenue from car wash services are recognized at the point in time services are rendered and the customer pays with cash or credit. Revenues are net of sales tax, refunds and discounts applied as a reduction of revenue at the time of payment.

The following table summarizes the composition of our net revenues for the periods presented:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Recognized over time	$	801,006	$	734,235	$	659,612
Recognized at a point in time		249,500		260,034		267,067
Other revenue		1,225		458		391
Net revenues	$	1,051,731	$	994,727	$	927,070

We promote and sell a limited number of prepaid products, which include discounted car wash packages and gift cards that are not material to the financial statements. We record the sale of these items as deferred revenue, which is reduced for estimated breakage, which is not material to the financial statements. Revenue is recognized based on the terms of the packages and when the prepaid packages or gift cards are redeemed by the customer.

Cost of Labor and Chemicals

Cost of labor and chemicals include labor costs associated with car wash employees, maintenance employees, warehouse employees, and chemicals and associated supplies. The related employee benefits for the aforementioned employees, such as taxes, insurance and workers compensation, are also included in the cost of labor and chemicals.

Other Store Operating Expenses

Other store operating expenses includes all other costs related to the operations of car wash and warehouse locations such as credit card fees, car damages, office and lobby supplies, information technology costs associated with the locations, telecommunications, advertising, non-healthcare related insurance, rent, repairs and maintenance related to held-for-use assets, utilities, property taxes, and depreciation on held-for-use assets at the car wash and warehouse locations.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses are expensed as incurred and include costs for advertising, onsite collateral, promotional events and sponsorships, and customer retention. Advertising costs totaled approximately $7,617, $4,253 and $7,048 for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023, respectively, and are recorded in other store operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized differently in the financial statements or tax returns. Under this method, deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement carrying amounts and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates.

We have adopted a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of an uncertain tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. We recognize interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax provision in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Sales Taxes

We collect sales taxes from customers for taxable services provided and products sold and remit those collected sales and use taxes to the applicable state authorities on a monthly basis. We have adopted a policy of presenting such taxes on revenues on a net basis (excluded from revenues) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Stock-Based Compensation Plans

Stock-based compensation represents the cost related to stock-based awards granted to employees. We measure stock-based compensation cost at grant date, based upon the estimated fair value of the award, and recognize cost as expense using the tranche over the employee requisite service period. We estimate the fair value of stock options and stock purchase rights using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Restricted stock units are classified as equity and measured at the fair market value of the underlying stock at the grant date. Upon termination unvested time and performance-based options, stock-purchase rights, and restricted stock units are forfeited. We have made a policy election to estimate the number of stock-based compensation awards that are expected to vest to determine the amount of compensation expense recognized in earnings. Forfeiture estimates are revised if subsequent information indicates that the actual number of forfeitures is likely to differ from previous estimates.

Deferred tax assets are recorded for awards that result in deductions in our income tax returns, based upon the amount of compensation cost recognized and our statutory tax rate. The tax effect of differences between the compensation cost of an award recognized for financial reporting purposes and the deduction for an award for tax purposes is recognized as an income tax expense or benefit in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income in the period in which the tax deduction arises.

Business Combinations

We evaluate each transaction under ASC 805, Business Combinations, including applying a screen test to evaluate if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets to determine whether a transaction is accounted for as an asset acquisition or business combination.

For all business acquisitions, we recognize, separately from goodwill, the identifiable assets acquired, and liabilities assumed at their estimated acquisition-date fair values. We measure and recognize goodwill as of the acquisition date as the excess of the aggregate of the fair value of consideration transferred over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

To the extent contingencies such as pre-acquisition environmental matters, contingent purchase price consideration, litigation, and related legal fees are resolved or settled during a reporting period after a business combination occurs, the effect of changes in such contingencies is included in results of operations in the periods in which the adjustments are determined. We recognize third-party transaction-related costs as general and administrative in the period in which those costs are incurred.

If information about facts and circumstances existing as of the acquisition date is incomplete by the end of the reporting period in which a business combination occurs, we report provisional amounts for the items for which the accounting is incomplete. This period will not exceed one year from the acquisition date. Any material adjustments recognized during the measurement period are reflected prospectively in the consolidated financial statements of the subsequent period.

Fair Value Measurements

We disclose the fair value of our financial instruments based on the fair value hierarchy. The levels of the fair value hierarchy are described as follows:

Level 1—Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in an active market that we have the ability to access.

Level 2—Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, or model inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3—Financial assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

We use observable market data, when available, in making fair value measurements. When inputs used to measure fair value fall within different levels of the hierarchy, the level within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. See Note 10 Fair Value Measurements in the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the contingent consideration liability.

Earnings Per Share

Reconciliations of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations for the periods presented are as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Numerator
Net income	$	103,077	$	70,239	$	80,130
Denominator
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic		326,253,814		320,031,984		311,035,122
Effect of potentially dilutive securities
Stock options		3,472,677		7,694,810		16,778,290
Restricted stock units		2,365,294		1,764,137		396,177
Stock purchase rights		7,911		22,301		30,015
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted		332,099,696		329,513,232		328,239,604
Earnings per share - basic	$	0.32	$	0.22	$	0.26
Earnings per share - diluted	$	0.31	$	0.21	$	0.24

The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2025		2024		2023
Stock options		5,617,958		4,480,312		3,457,404
Restricted stock units		428,335		350,326		184,619
Stock purchase rights		48,188		49,859		53,408

Employee Retention Credit

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Employee Retention Credit (“ERC”), was established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. The ERC is a refundable tax credit against certain employment taxes equal to 50% of the qualified wages an eligible employer paid to employees from March 13, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Companies who meet the eligibility requirements can claim the ERC on an original or adjusted employment tax return for a period within those dates.

In March 2024, we determined that we qualify for $4,663 (net of tax advisory costs) in relief for the period from March 13, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Upon receipt of the credit, we will owe an immaterial amount for tax advisory costs associated with the assessment of the tax credit. As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP for government assistance to for-profit business entities, the Company accounts for the ERC by analogy to International Accounting Standards 20, or IAS 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. In accordance with IAS 20, management determined it has reasonable assurance of receipt of the identified ERC amount and recorded the credit in other income on our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the tax credit receivable was $1,635 and $4,663, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, these amounts are included in other receivables and other assets, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In 2025 we retrospectively adopted ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which focuses on the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring specified categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosure. The adoption of this guidance did not have an impact on our financial statements, although it did result in expanded income tax-related disclosures. See Note 8 Income Taxes in the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires a PBE to disclose additional information about specific expense categories in the notes to financial statements at interim and annual periods. This information is generally not presented in the financial statements. The ASU requires that at each interim and annual period a PBE: (1) disclose the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization, and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization; (2) include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current U.S. GAAP in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements; (3) disclose a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively, and (4) disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity's definition of selling expenses. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The guidance should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for periods after the effective date of this ASU or retrospectively to any or all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We are still assessing the impact of this ASU.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. This ASU is intended to improve the operability and application of guidance related to capitalized software development costs. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. We are still assessing the impact of this ASU.

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Narrow-Scope Improvements to Interim Reporting (Topic 270). This ASU is intended to clarify interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270. The ASU is effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are still assessing the impact of this ASU.