DRS 1 filename1.htm DRS
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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

As confidentially submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 24, 2021

This draft registration statement has not been filed publicly with the Securities and Exchange Commission and all information herein remains strictly confidential.

Registration No. 333-            

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

 

Gambling.com Group Limited

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

 

Jersey   7990   Not Applicable

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

Gambling.com Group Limited

22 Grenville Street, St. Helier, Channel Islands of Jersey JE4 8PX

+44 1534 676 000

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

GDC America Inc.

514 North Franklin St, Suite 201

Tampa, FL 33602, United States

+1 813 445 7555

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

John R. Vetterli, Esq.

Jessica Y. Chen, Esq.

White & Case LLP

1221 Avenue of the Americas

New York, NY 10020

Tel: (212) 819-8200

Fax: (212) 354-8113

 

Marc Jaffe, Esq.

Ian Schuman, Esq.

Ryan K. deFord, Esq.

Latham & Watkins LLP

885 Third Avenue

New York, NY 10022

Tel: (212) 906-1200

Fax: (212) 751-4864

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after effectiveness of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933. Emerging growth company.

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF

SECURITIES TO BE REGISTERED

 

PROPOSED

MAXIMUM

AGGREGATE

OFFERING PRICE (1)(2)

 

AMOUNT OF

REGISTRATION FEE (3)

Ordinary shares, par value EUR 0.002

  $               $            

 

 

(1)   Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
(2)   Includes shares that the underwriters have the option to purchase. See “Underwriting.”
(3)   Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) based on an estimate of the proposed maximum aggregate offering price.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.


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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED                     , 2021

 

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Ordinary Shares

 

 

LOGO

Gambling.com Group Limited

This is the initial public offering of the ordinary shares of Gambling.com Group Limited. We are offering              ordinary shares.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per ordinary share will be between $        and $        . We intend to apply to list our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq Stock Market, or Nasdaq, under the symbol “GAMB.”

We are an “emerging growth company” under the U.S. federal securities laws as that term is used in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements. Investing in our ordinary shares involves risks. See “Risk factors ” beginning on page 12 of this prospectus.

 

 

 

     PER SHARE      TOTAL  

Public offering price

   $                    $                

Underwriting discounts and commissions (1)

   $        $    

Proceeds to us (before expenses)

   $        $    

 

 

(1)   See “Underwriting” for a description of compensation payable to the underwriters.

We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days from the date of this prospectus to purchase up to              additional ordinary shares to cover the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares, if any, at the initial public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions.

Neither the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the ordinary shares against payment in New York, New York on or about                     , 2021.

Jefferies

The date of this prospectus is                     , 2021.


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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

SELECTED DEFINITIONS

     iii  

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

     iv  

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

     1  

RISK FACTORS

     12  

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

     30  

USE OF PROCEEDS

     31  

DIVIDEND POLICY

     32  

CAPITALIZATION

     33  

DILUTION

     34  

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

     36  

INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

     52  

BUSINESS

     58  

MANAGEMENT

     70  

PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

     78  

CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

     79  

DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

     80  

SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

     90  

TAXATION

     92  

UNDERWRITING

     99  

EXPENSES OF THE OFFERING

     106  

LEGAL MATTERS

     107  

EXPERTS

     108  

ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

     109  

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

     110  

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     F-1  

 

 

 

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide information different from that contained in this prospectus, any amendment or supplement to this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. Neither we nor the underwriters take any responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any information other than the information in this prospectus, any amendment or supplement to this prospectus, and any free writing prospectus prepared by us or on our behalf. Neither the delivery of this prospectus nor the sale of our ordinary shares means that information contained in this prospectus is correct after the date of this prospectus. This prospectus is not an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy these ordinary shares in any circumstances under which such offer or solicitation is unlawful.

For investors outside the U.S.: Neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction, other than the U.S., where action for that purpose is required. Persons outside the U.S. who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about, and observe any restrictions relating to, the offering of our ordinary shares and the distribution of this prospectus outside the U.S. and in their jurisdiction.

This prospectus includes statistical data, market data and other industry data and forecasts, which we obtained from market research, publicly available information and independent industry publications and reports that we believe to be reliable sources, although we have not verified the accuracy and completeness of such data. Forecasts and other forward-looking information derived from such sources and included in this prospectus are subject to the same qualifications and additional uncertainties regarding the other forward-looking statements in this prospectus. See “Special note regarding forward-looking statements.”

We own or have rights to trademarks, service marks and trade names that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our corporate name, logos and website names. Other trademarks, service marks and trade names appearing in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, some of the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are listed without the ® and symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks, service marks and trade names.

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, all references in this prospectus to the “Company,” the “Group,” “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” or similar terms refer to Gambling.com Group Limited, together with its subsidiaries.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

SELECTED DEFINITIONS

Throughout this prospectus, we use a number of industry-specific terms and key performance indicators used by management. These industry-specific terms are described in detail in the section entitled “Prospectus Summary” and key performance indicators are discussed in more detail in the section entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” We define these terms as follows:

 

   

“B2B” refers to business-to-business.

 

   

“CPA” or “Cash Per Acquisition” refers to a model where an online gambling affiliate receives a single cash payment for each referred player that satisfies certain agreed upon criteria.

 

   

“EGR” refers to eGaming Review.

 

   

“GGR” refers to gross gaming revenue.

 

   

“Hybrid” refers to a model where an online gambling affiliate receives a combination of revenue share and CPA per referred player.

 

   

“iGaming” refers to online casino services which offer games typically available in land-based casinos such as blackjack, roulette and slot machines.

 

   

“NDCs” refers to new depositing customers at an online gambling operator. We and some of our peers track the NDCs we generate for our customers as a KPI to understand the ongoing performance of our platform. When used in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” an NDC refers to a unique referral of a player from our system to one of our customers that satisfied an agreed performance obligation (typically making a deposit above a minimum threshold) with the customer thereby triggering the right to a commission for us.

 

   

“NGR” refers to net gaming revenue, calculated by making certain deductions from GGR such as bonuses, taxes and fees.

 

   

“OECD” refers to Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development.

 

   

“Online gamblers” refers to end users of online gambling services.

 

   

“Online gambling” refers to all forms of online gambling including sports betting, iGaming, daily fantasy sports, poker and bingo among others.

 

   

“Online gambling affiliates” refers to companies that provide performance marketing services to online gambling operators.

 

   

“Online gambling operators” refers to licensed companies that operate real money online gambling services on one or more of their own websites.

 

   

“Organic growth” refers to percentage change in sales during the past period compared to the same period the previous year. Organic growth is adjusted to exclude revenue from businesses or assets acquired during the past 12 months.

 

   

“Our customers” refers to online gambling operators to which we referred online gamblers.

 

   

“Our referred players” refers to the entire body of online gamblers who we have referred to our customers.

 

   

“PASPA” refers to the judicially-overturned Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992.

 

   

“PPC” refers to pay-per-click.

 

   

“Revenue share” refers to a model where an online gambling affiliate is compensated with a percentage of the NGR produced by a pool of referred players.

 

   

“SEO” refers to search engine optimization.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

PRESENTATION OF FINANCIAL AND OTHER INFORMATION

Financial Statements

We report under International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, or the IASB, and as adopted by the European Union, or the EU. None of our financial statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S.

We maintain our books and records in Euros, the functional currency of our operations. The reporting currency for our financial statements is U.S. dollars. Unless otherwise noted, the financial information presented herein as of December 31, 2019 and 2020 is stated in U.S. dollars, our reporting currency. All references herein to “our financial statements,” “our audited consolidated financial information,” and “our audited consolidated financial statements,” are to the consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

This financial information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our fiscal year ends on December 31. References in this prospectus to a fiscal year, such as “fiscal year 2020,” relate to our fiscal year ended on December 31 of that calendar year.

Financial Information in U.S. Dollars

Solely for the convenience of the reader, we have translated some of the Euro amounts included in this prospectus from Euros into U.S. dollars. You should not construe these translations as representations by us that the amounts actually represent these U.S. dollar amounts or could be converted into U.S. dollars at the rates indicated. Unless otherwise indicated, we have translated Euro amounts into U.S. dollars using a rate of EUR 0.89 to $1.00, the commercial selling rate for U.S. dollars as of December 31, 2019 as reported by the Central Bank.

Special Note Regarding Non-IFRS Financial Measures

Management uses several financial measures, both IFRS and non-IFRS financial measures in analyzing and assessing the overall performance of the business and for making operational decisions. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-IFRS Financial Measures.”

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure defined as earnings excluding finance costs, tax, depreciation, and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA adjusted to exclude the effect of non-recurring items, significant non-cash items, share-based payment expense and other items that our board of directors believes do not reflect the underlying performance of the business.

We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful to our management as a measure of comparative operating performance from period to period as it removes the effect of items not directly resulting from our core operations including effects that are generated by differences in capital structure, depreciation, tax effects and non-recurring events.

Free Cash Flow

Free Cash Flow is a non-IFRS financial measure defined as cash flow from operating activities less capital expenditures, or CAPEX.

We believe Free Cash Flow is useful to our management as a measure of financial performance as it measures our ability to generate additional cash from our operations. While we use Free Cash Flow as a tool to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance, we do not believe that Free Cash Flow is a substitute for, or superior to, the information provided by IFRS metrics. As such, the presentation of Free Cash Flow is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with IFRS.

Rounding

We have made rounding adjustments to some of the figures included in this prospectus. Accordingly, numerical figures shown as totals in some tables may not be an arithmetic aggregation of the figures that preceded them.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our ordinary shares. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including “Risk Factors,” “Selected consolidated financial and other data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included at the end of this prospectus, before making an investment in our ordinary shares.

Overview

We are a multi-award-winning performance marketing company and a leading provider of digital marketing services active exclusively in the online gambling industry. Our principal focus is on iGaming and sports betting. Through our proprietary technology platform, we publish a portfolio of premier branded websites including Gambling.com and Bookies.com. We tailor each one of our websites to different user interests and markets within the online gambling industry by producing original content relating to the sector, such as news, odds, statistics, product reviews and product comparisons of locally available online gambling services. We attract online gamblers through online marketing efforts and refer these online gamblers to companies that are licensed by gambling regulators to provide real-money online gambling services, known as online gambling operators, who convert these potential online gamblers into actual paying players. In this way, we provide business-to-business, or B2B, digital marketing services to online gambling operators.

We are not a gambling company and do not offer any gambling services ourselves. We can alternatively be described as a lead generation company, an affiliate marketing company or simply an affiliate. Online gambling operators pay us to refer online gamblers to their services. In many ways, we are more akin to an online media company as our revenue is derived primarily from online marketing. We take high-value gambling industry domain names and develop them into market leaders.

We generate revenue by referring online gamblers to online gambling operators. When an online gambler visits an online gambling operator from one of our websites, registers a new account and makes a deposit, this online gambler becomes one of our referred players. Each of our referred players entitles us to remuneration pursuant to our agreements with the online gambling operator. Our agreements are primarily based on a revenue share model, a Cost Per Acquisition model (also referred to as CPA), or a combination of both.

To engage an audience of online gamblers, we own and operate 32 different websites in six languages across 13 national markets covering all aspects of the online gambling industry, which includes iGaming and sports betting. By consistently attracting online gamblers with high-quality content, we referred more than 78,000 players and over 100,000 players to online gambling operators in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We have increased our customer base from 111 in 2017 to over 200 in 2020.

We had revenues of $19.27 million and $         and Adjusted EBITDA of $3.75 million and $        in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We had a net loss of $1.90 million in 2019 and a net              of $         in 2020, respectively. We had Free Cash Flow of $2.28 million and $        in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow are non-IFRS financial measures and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies and have limitations as analytical tools. For more information about our non-IFRS financial measures and reconciliations thereof to the most comparable respective IFRS measures, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-IFRS Financial Measures.”

Our Value Proposition

By delivering the high-quality content online gamblers need, we create value across the industry’s ecosystem, from player to online gambling operator.



 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Value to Online Gamblers. We help online gamblers start their consumer journey with confidence by providing a comprehensive set of resources to educate and inform online gamblers before they pick an online gambling operator.

Value to Online Gambling Operators. We provide a reliable and deep source of NDCs. Our performance-based compensation model and history of continued business with industry heavyweights speak to our reputation as a key partner in helping our customers meet their customer acquisition targets.

Value to Online Gambling and Platform Providers. We create value for the entire online gambling ecosystem by powering the growth of online gambling operators.

Value to Gambling Regulators. By steadfastly following and helping to enforce the guidelines and policies of the regulators of the online gambling industry within 13 national markets, we help steer players away from black-market, offshore online gambling operators and toward locally-licensed, onshore operators.

Industry background

Increased Internet penetration, faster mobile technology and movement from land-based to online gambling has increased acceptance of online gambling as a mainstream leisure activity.

Global Online Gambling Industry. According to a January 2021 H2 Global All Product Summary Report by H2 Gambling Capital, or the H2 Global Report, the global online gambling market size (locally regulated and offshore) was estimated to be $65 billion in 2019, growing from $41 billion in 2015. This market is expected to grow to $112 billion by 2025, with a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 10% from 2019 to 2025.

U.S. Online Gambling Industry. We believe the growth potential for online gambling in the U.S. is high as states legalize sports betting. On May 14, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act, or PASPA, which since 1992 had prevented certain states from engaging in regulation and taxation of sports betting activities. Since the invalidation of the PASPA, there has been a broad push amongst states to legalize various forms of online gambling. By the end of 2018, nine states legalized sports betting in some capacity. As of March 2021, five states have legalized both iGaming and sports betting; 14 states (including the District of Columbia) have legalized online sports betting; nine states have legalized retail sports betting in some form. Applying the estimated 2023 New Jersey iGaming gross revenue per adult and online sports betting gross revenue per adult to the size of the estimated 2023 U.S. adult population, we estimate that the overall U.S. online gambling market could grow to $69 billion if 100% of U.S. states were to legalize online gambling.

Global Online Gambling Affiliate Industry. Companies that provide digital marketing services to online gambling operators, or online gambling affiliates, help online gambling operators meet their customer acquisition goals by directing traffic to an online gambling operator’s website primarily via informational websites to help online gamblers make educated choices among the available marketplace options. Historically, online gambling affiliates were responsible for 40% of iGaming revenues, according to a May 2018 Kepler Cheuvreux report. Although there has been substantial consolidation in the online gambling affiliate industry from 2015 to 2018, the sector remains highly fragmented. We estimate that globally, no online gambling affiliate has market share more than 5% as of 2020, based on 2020 revenue for three market leading operators (Better Collective A/S, or Better Collective, Catena Media Plc, or Catena Media, and us) as a percentage of estimated global affiliate market size in 2020. This presents a major opportunity for us to capture a leading position in the market.

U.S. Online Gambling Affiliate Industry. Applying the estimated 2023 New Jersey iGaming gross revenue per adult and online sports betting gross revenue per adult to the size of the estimated 2023 U.S. adult population, we estimate that the overall U.S. online gambling market could grow to $69 billion if 100% of



 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

U.S. states were to legalize online gambling. Of this market, we estimate that affiliates will be responsible for approximately 28% of net gaming revenue, or NGR, and that approximately 46% of NGR generated by affiliates will be paid out to affiliates, based on a February 2019 research report by Pareto Securities. This implies an approximate $9 billion market size at 100% legalization of U.S. states.

Market Trends in Our Favor

Transition from Land-based Gambling to Online Gambling. As technology enables easier access, gambling has become more accessible to players outside of traditional land-based settings. The global gambling industry is in the process of shifting to an online strategy just like other large consumer industries such as music, movies and newspapers. The transition started with the first online bets in 1996 and has continued to claim more and more market share from land-based gambling, such that in certain European markets online gambling now represents a majority of overall gambling.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced an acceleration in the adoption of digital technology and online experiences broadly, including in the gambling industry. As a leading provider of digital marketing services for the global online gambling industry, we have seen significant growth in revenues, as COVID-19 has shifted players to online entertainment. While the lasting impact of COVID-19 on the online gambling market is uncertain, we believe that the changes in player behaviors may have a permanent effect on the online gambling market and our business.

Increase in Number of Regulated Markets. As the global online gambling market grows, many countries around the world are reviewing their regulatory systems for both land-based and online gambling in the context of a new, digital world. We believe that policymakers in the U.S. and abroad will increasingly recognize their constituents’ desires for access to online gambling services as well as the potential tax revenue from regulated online gambling.

Increased Demand for Digital Marketing Services. Both internationally established online gambling operators along with new U.S.-specific online gambling operators are fighting to maximize their market share. Online gambling affiliates have a clear opportunity to help these companies establish market-leading positions. We believe in the coming years, online gambling operators will prioritize market share over bottom-line profits. This will require online gambling operators to invest aggressively to acquire online gamblers, resulting in high demand for online gambling affiliate services.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe the following to be our core competitive strengths, which distinguish us significantly from our competitors and allow us to compete more effectively in the online gambling affiliate market.

Premier Branded Destinations. We take pride in our tightly managed network of 32 high quality websites which include the industry-defining website Gambling.com as well as the ideally-branded Bookies.com for the U.S. market. In comparison to some of our peers who operate thousands of websites of varying degrees of quality, our portfolio is much smaller and more tightly managed through common software systems. This strategy produces significantly more average revenue per website than our peers. By investing more into each individual website in our portfolio, we can ensure our websites get adequate resources to be leaders in their particular focus areas.

Our iconic website Gambling.com lends itself easily to branding efforts and creates instant credibility in the eyes of new consumers. We intend to continue to leverage this brand and its unique position to make it the definitive global leader in the online gambling affiliate market.

Strategic Presence in Growth Markets. We focus on legalized and soon-to-be legalized markets around the world. Currently, we publish content localized for more than eight European countries, North America and Oceania. Revenues in our established European markets have grown from $13.4 million for the year ended



 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

December 31, 2019 to             for the year ended December 31, 2020 in respect of the U.K and Ireland and from $2.88 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         million for the year ended December 31, 2020 in respect of Other Europe. Identifying the growth opportunity of the North American market, in 2019 we opened an office in Charlotte, North Carolina and relocated our Chief Operating Officer, Kevin McCrystle, to lead our growth efforts in North America. With compound revenue growth of     % from 2019 to 2020, North America saw significant growth over the period.

High-Quality Customer Base Consisting of Major Online Gambling Operators. We have a robust client portfolio which includes most major online gambling operators from the U.S. and Europe. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we worked with over 200 online gambling operators including publicly-traded business such as DraftKings Inc., Flutter Entertainment Plc (FanDuel, PaddyPower, Betfair), Entain Plc (BetMGM, Ladbrokes, bwin, partypoker), Kindred Group Plc (Unibet, 32Red), Rush Street Interactive, Inc. (Sugarhouse, BetRivers), William Hill Plc, 888 Holdings Plc, Golden Nugget Online Gaming, Inc. and PointsBet Holdings Ltd. While we prioritize deepening our relationships with our existing customers, we have also increased our number of customers from 111 in 2017 to over 200 in 2020. With an ever-growing base of customers, we are able to discover more high-quality customers with which we can build significant partnerships. In 2020, our reputation as an effective online gambling affiliate drew in over 450 inquiries from potential customers. We have not been ranked lower than eight on the eGaming Review, or EGR, Power Affiliates list since its inception in 2018.

Proven Track Record of Transforming Domains into Successful Businesses. We have the expertise and experience to transform high-value gambling industry domain names into high-performing websites. We acquired the Gambling.com domain name in 2011, with no business or revenue, and turned it into the globally recognized, market-leading brand that it is today, operating in nine markets and four languages. We have also developed the CasinoSource and SlotSource series of websites from nothing to websites with              million in sales in 2020. We leveraged all of our experience with Gambling.com to refine Bookies.com at a faster pace. Since we acquired Bookies.com in early 2018, we have transformed it into an all-inclusive platform focusing on sports betting in the U.S., with 55 contributors, positioning Bookies.com to benefit from the next wave of online gambling regulation in the U.S.

Integrated Platforms Empowered by Technological Excellence. We have developed three proprietary software platforms to maximize operational efficiency in the delivery of our consumer websites. These platforms are used across our network and enable us to significantly reduce website loading times for visitors, efficiently organize and manage all of the content which appears on our websites and precisely optimize the placement of our customers’ messages across our network. We have never hesitated to invest in our own technical systems and believe we are at the forefront, compared to our peers, in terms of leveraging technology in general and artificial intelligence in particular to optimize our business.

Our ability to increase market share by continuing to deliver best in class content on our branded destinations depends on the effective implementation of search engine optimization, or SEO, strategies across our portfolio of websites, which itself depends in part on the efficient use of our technology platforms. SEO is the practice of optimizing websites so that they are favored by search engines, such as Google, to appear in top positions on the search engine results pages for particular search queries. The ranking of a website is determined by the search engine according to an algorithm which factors in thousands of different parameters including quality of content, website speed and how people engage with a website.

We have demonstrated time and again over our 15-year history that we are adept at building websites which are ranked favorably by search engines such as Google. Since the last significant update to Google’s search ranking algorithm in October 2020, our websites have featured even more prominently on average in the search engine’s results pages. We believe that Google and other search engines are increasingly adept at identifying the truly high-quality content that deserves prominence. Our investments in content, product and website delivery have thus naturally resulted in strong rankings without significant additional effort.



 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

By leveraging our investments in technology, we can ensure that our team remains able to efficiently produce and publish high quality content which in turn serves to improve our SEO as high quality content is the most important factor in SEO success.

Experienced Leadership. We continue to be led by our founding team, Charles Gillespie and Kevin McCrystle, which have been with the company since our inception in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Mr. Gillespie is a recognized leader in the online gambling industry and was named Sports Betting Community Leader of the Year in 2019. He is cited regularly by business and industry media for his work in advocating for a free and open online gambling market in the U.S. Mr. McCrystle has led us to become a global performance marketing leader with a team of over 100 employees. He has developed and implemented our strategy for product, marketing, content and sales functions, as well as the integration of key acquisitions. Our co-founders’ technology-forward approach, strategic vision for growth and long-standing reputation as industry experts has led us to become one of the fastest-growing performance marketing companies for online gambling.

Proven History of Organic Growth and Continued High Organic Growth Potential. We have delivered significantly more organic growth than our peers which report publicly over the last three years. Our organic growth strategy focuses on perfecting our internal processes, technology, and products instead of relying on acquisitions. For the period from 2017 to 2020, we recognized a     % organic revenue CAGR compared to 14% for Better Collective, 8% for Catena Media and 5% for Raketech over the same period. Additionally, since 2018, we have maintained an average year-over-year quarterly organic growth rate of     %, compared to 15% for Better Collective, 10% for Catena Media and 7% for Raketech. We have grown faster than our established global online gambling affiliate peers, which validates our focus on superior brands and technological excellence as the winning strategy. We expect our foundation of big brands and technological precision to continue to pay dividends over the long-term as we scale the business.

We expect that our established markets will continue to grow at a steady pace over the next few years. The combined market for online gambling in two of our largest, established markets, the U.K. and Ireland, is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2019 to 2025, according to the H2 Global Report. We expect that our operations in these countries will grow alongside these markets, supplementing the more dramatic growth we expect to deliver in our growth markets.

According to the H2 Global Report, as of January 2021, the global online gambling industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10% from 2019 to 2025 (onshore and offshore). Even if we only maintain our current market share of the global online gambling affiliate market, we believe that we will continue to grow in line with the broader industry. We intend to grow our market share, which will further increase our growth. We currently have a robust portfolio of over 500 undeveloped gambling domain names for future projects, including premium domain names such as Bookmakers.com and FootballScores.com.

Our Growth Strategies

Key elements of our growth strategy include:

Expanding in the U.S. As states across the U.S. continue to legalize online gambling, we are laying the foundation for the U.S. market to eventually be our largest market by revenue. We are pursuing market share by deploying publishing assets on both a national and state-based level as well as adding U.S. content to our international destinations. As of December 31, 2020, we were approved to operate in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Colorado, Illinois, Tennessee, Indiana and Virginia. Our approval in Michigan is currently pending and we are actively pursuing licenses or approvals in all states where we expect a viable market.

Our revenue in North America has grown from $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         for the year ended December 31, 2020. North America is the fastest growing market of our business over that period. In addition to growing our international flagship website Gambling.com, we intend to grow several U.S.-oriented websites, such as Bookies.com, TopUSCasinos.com, TopNJCasinos.com, VirginiaIsForBettors.com,



 

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GreatLakesStakes.com and PennStakes.com, to become the go-to resources for information on U.S. iGaming and sports betting in their respective states. Policymakers in Canada are also reviewing the regulation of sports betting which would present a significant additional opportunity for our North American operations.

Growing Our Global Strategic Presence. Internationally, we target stable, regulated markets with significant growth potential. We believe we will continue to grow in existing markets such as Canada, Italy and Germany. We regularly monitor the regulatory landscape to be in a position to enter soon-to-be regulated markets for possible future expansion.

Pursuing Strategic Acquisitions. While we primarily focus on organically growing our current business and expanding into new markets, the possibility for quality acquisitions provides another avenue for future growth. Between 2017 and 2018, we completed four acquisitions. As jurisdictions impose stricter regulatory requirements and compliance demands that create additional work for online gambling affiliates, these disproportionately burden smaller online gambling affiliates who are less able to handle the influx of requests from online gambling operators and regulators. Online gambling operators value the professionalism and competence of larger online gambling affiliates who are adept at maintaining high regulatory standards.

We expect this environment will lead to tactical opportunities for us to acquire strong, sub-scale online gambling affiliates. Smaller online gambling affiliates may have product market fit in a particular niche of the industry but lack the sophisticated publishing and monetization systems available to larger online gambling affiliates like us. Our experience and technological capabilities position us as a sophisticated player to acquire strong sub-scale online gambling affiliates that will benefit from our more established processes. We plan to continue to leverage our history of successful acquisitions and internal organic growth to search for potential targets with strategic assets and strong management teams.

Developing Pipeline Projects. We have several pilot projects which could result in meaningful new lines of business. For example, in 2020, we launched Bookies Edge, a premium content model available to paying users on Bookies.com. Online gamblers using Bookies.com can subscribe to monthly and yearly packages of premium content to access exclusive picks, tips and analysis. We consider this new line of business a start-up within our broader organization and plan to invest more resources in the business should we be able to identify favorable unit economics. We are also formulating plans to develop bookmakers.com, an ultra-premium domain ideally suited to target English-speaking sports betting consumers outside the U.S.

Risks Associated with Our Business

Investing in our ordinary shares involves risks. You should carefully consider the risks described in “Risk Factors” before making a decision to invest in our ordinary shares. If any of these risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations would likely be materially adversely affected. In such case, the trading price of our ordinary shares would likely decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. The following is a summary of some of the principal risks we face:

 

   

We rely on traffic to our websites to grow revenue. If we are unable to drive traffic cost-effectively, our business and financial results could suffer.

 

   

The online gambling industry is heavily regulated. Changes to the regulatory framework in the jurisdictions in which we operate could restrict our ability to advertise or harm our customers’ business, which could in turn negatively affect our financial performance.

 

   

Our industry continues to evolve, which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

 

   

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from our top ten customers. The loss of any of these customers, or renegotiation of any of our contracts with these customers, could negatively impact our results.



 

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We do not have long-term commitments from our customers, and we may not be able to retain customers or attract new customers that provide us with revenue that is comparable to the revenue generated by any customers we may lose.

 

   

A large portion of our revenue depends on our customers’ calculated revenue and cost base and could therefore vary or be subject to miscalculations or deliberate misrepresentation.

 

   

The estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

 

   

We depend on key personnel to operate our business. An inability to retain, attract and integrate qualified personnel would harm our ability to develop and successfully grow our business.

 

   

Our ability to increase our revenue depends on our ability to introduce successful new products and services. Our ongoing investments in developing products and services involve significant risks, could disrupt our current operations and may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect.

 

   

An actual, alleged or perceived security incident, inadvertent disclosure or breach of sensitive information, including confidential and personal information, we process, or of the security of our or our customers’, vendors’, or partners’ networks and systems could be detrimental to our business, reputation, financial information and results of operations.

 

   

Systems failures and resulting interruptions in the availability of our websites, apps, or platforms could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

   

We have acquired, and may continue to acquire, other companies or technologies, which could divert management’s attention and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results, whether or not the acquisition is consummated. We may fail to acquire companies whose market power or technology could be important to the future success of our business.

 

   

If we fail to manage our rapid growth effectively, our brand, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

   

The impact of economic conditions, including the resulting effect on consumer spending, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

 

   

Consolidation among the online gambling operators may reduce demand for our products and profitability.

 

   

Negative events or negative media coverage relating to online gambling may adversely impact our ability to retain or attract online gamblers, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

 

   

We may have difficulty accessing the service of banks and our business could be materially adversely affected.

 

   

Our failure to obtain or maintain applicable licenses or approvals, or otherwise comply with applicable requirements, could adversely affect our business and our operations.

 

   

We may be subject to legislation that limits or restricts the marketing of online gambling services and we could fail to comply with such legislation.

 

   

We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity.

Corporate information

We were incorporated in the British Virgin Islands as TGG International Holdings Limited on July 26, 2006. We amended our name to KAX Media Limited on October 3, 2012 and subsequently continued as a private limited liability company in Malta on October 7, 2016. We amended our name to Gambling.com Group Limited on May 18, 2017. On January 7, 2018, we converted into a public limited liability company with a



 

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name change to Gambling.com Group Plc. We redomiciled from Malta to the Channel Islands of Jersey in accordance with the provisions of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991, as amended, or the Jersey Companies Law, on                     , 2021.

We are headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Our registered address is 22 Grenville Street, St. Helier, Channel Islands of Jersey JE4 8PX. Our website address is www.gambling.com/corporate. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference herein. We have included our website address in this prospectus solely for informational purposes.

Our agent for service of process in the U.S. is GDC America Inc., located at 514 North Franklin St, Suite 201, Tampa, FL 33602, telephone number +1 813 445 7555. Our wholly-owned subsidiaries are GDC Media Limited, incorporated in Dublin, Ireland; GDC America Inc., incorporated in Tampa, Florida; and GDC Malta Limited, registered in Malta.

Emerging Growth Company

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These reduced reporting requirements include:

 

   

the requirement to present only two years of audited financial statements and only two years of related management’s discussion and analysis in this prospectus;

 

   

an exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirement on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting;

 

   

reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements; and

 

   

an exemption from the requirements to obtain a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation or stockholder approval of any golden parachute arrangements.

We may take advantage of these provisions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company upon the earliest to occur of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue (as adjusted for inflation); (ii) the date we qualify as a large accelerated filer, with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates; (iii) the date on which we have, in any three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of this offering. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced reporting burdens. We have taken advantage of certain reduced reporting burdens in this prospectus. Accordingly, the information contained herein may be different from the information you receive from other public companies in which you hold stock.

The JOBS Act permits an emerging growth company like us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period until we are no longer an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period. As a result, our consolidated financial statements may not be comparable to the financial statements of companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.



 

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THE OFFERING

 

Ordinary Shares Offered

             ordinary shares

 

Ordinary Shares Outstanding Before this Offering

             ordinary shares

 

Ordinary Shares to be Outstanding After this Offering

             ordinary shares (or              ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase additional shares)

 

Underwriters’ Option

We have granted the underwriters an option for a period of 30 days after the date of this prospectus to purchase up to an additional              ordinary shares at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount.

 

Use of Proceeds

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, operating expenses and capital expenditures and potential strategic investments and acquisitions. See “Use of Proceeds.”

 

Dividend Policy

We do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance operations and expand our business. Declaration and payment of any dividend is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and the requirements of the laws of Jersey as well as the other limitations set forth in the sections of this prospectus entitled “Dividend Policy,” “Risk Factors” and “Description of Share Capital.”

 

Lock-up Agreements

We have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, or dispose of any shares of our share capital or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our share capital during the 180-day period following the date of this prospectus. Members of our board of directors and our executive officers, have agreed to substantially similar lock-up provisions, subject to certain exceptions.

 

Risk Factors

See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our ordinary shares.

 

Proposed Nasdaq Symbol

GAMB

The number of ordinary shares to be outstanding after this offering is based on              ordinary shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020. The number of ordinary shares to be outstanding after this offering excludes              ordinary shares reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans as of December 31, 2020, of which there were outstanding options to purchase              shares at a weighted average exercise price of $         per share.

Unless otherwise indicated, this prospectus:

 

   

assumes an initial public offering price of $         per ordinary share, the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus; and

 

   

assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to an additional              ordinary shares from us.



 

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OTHER DATA

The following tables summarize our consolidated financial and other data for the periods indicated. The summary consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020 and the consolidated statement of financial position as of December 31, 2019 and 2020 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with IFRS as issued by the IASB and as adopted by the EU.

This information should be read together with, and is qualified in its entirety by, our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. You should read the following summary consolidated financial and other data in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  
         2019             2020      
     (in thousands, except for share and
per share data)
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) DATA

    

Revenue

   $ 19,266                                 

Sales and marketing expenses

     (10,862  

Technology expenses

     (2,498  

General and administrative expenses

     (4,213  

Allowance for credit losses

     (293  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating profit

     1,400    

Losses on financial liability at fair value through profit or loss

     (94  

Finance expense

     (2,475  

Finance income

     140    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before tax

     (1,029  

Income tax charge

     (872  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss for the year attributable to equity holders

     (1,901  

Weighted-average number of ordinary shares

     25,477,405    

Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted

     (0.07  

 

 

 

 

 

     AS OF DECEMBER 31,  
     2019      2020  
     (in thousands)  

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION DATA

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 6,992                                  

Working capital (1)

     7,008     

Total assets

     35,134     

Total non-current liabilities

     19,852     

Total equity

     12,931     

 

 



 

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     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  
     2019      2020  
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

OTHER SUPPLEMENTAL DATA

     

New Depositing Customers (2)

     79                                  

 

 

(1)    Working capital is defined as total current assets minus total current liabilities.
(2)    We define New Depositing Customers, or NDCs, as unique referral of a player from our system to one of our customers that satisfied an agreed performance obligation (typically making a deposit above a minimum threshold) with the customer thereby triggering the right to a commission for us.

Non-IFRS Financial Measures

Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  
     2019      2020  
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

Adjusted EBITDA (1)

     3,747                                  

Free Cash Flow (2)

     2,283     

 

 

(1)    For information on how we define Adjusted EBITDA and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-IFRS Financial Measures.”
(2)    For information on how we define Free Cash Flow and a reconciliation of Free Cash Flow, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-IFRS Financial Measures.”


 

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our ordinary shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this prospectus, including the sections titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Summary Consolidated Financial and Other Data” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making a decision to invest in our ordinary shares. Our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects could also be harmed by risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently do not believe are material. If any of the risks actually occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects could be adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our ordinary shares could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Industry

We rely on traffic to our websites to grow revenue. If we are unable to drive traffic cost-effectively, our business and financial results could suffer.

We rely heavily on Internet search engines, such as Google, including through their unpaid search results, to generate a significant portion of the traffic to our website. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the vast majority of the traffic to our websites came through unpaid channels, including SEO, and a small minority came through paid marketing channels.

SEO is the process of optimizing websites to make them more appealing to search engines so that they rank favorably in the search engine’s results pages for certain queries. Factors affecting display and rankings of search results are not in our direct control. For example, search engines change their algorithms periodically, which could cause our websites to place lower in natural searches or inhibit participation in the search results. In some instances, search engines may change the rankings to promote the products or services of one or more of our competitors or the search engine’s own products. Our websites have experienced fluctuations in search rankings in the past and we expect fluctuations in the future. If our websites are listed less prominently or fail to appear in search results for any reason, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our industry continues to evolve, which makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects.

We launched operations in 2006 and have since frequently expanded our business. Our evolving business make it difficult to forecast our future results of operations. Our historical revenue growth should not be considered indicative of our future performance. These risks and challenges include our ability to:

 

   

attract and retain new customers;

 

   

increase the number of users of our websites and apps;

 

   

continue to earn and preserve a reputation for providing meaningful and reliable reviews of local businesses;

 

   

successfully manage our growth;

 

   

successfully develop and deploy new features and products;

 

   

manage and integrate successfully any acquisitions of businesses;

 

   

avoid interruptions or disruptions on our platform; and

 

   

recruit, integrate and retain talented personnel.

If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above as well as those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. Further, because we have limited historical financial data and operate in a rapidly evolving market, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market. We have encountered in the past, and will encounter in the future, risks and uncertainties frequently experienced by growing companies with limited operating histories in rapidly changing industries. If our assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties, which we use to plan and operate our business, are incorrect or change, or if we do not address these risks successfully, our results of operations could differ materially from our expectations and our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

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We derive a significant portion of our revenue from our top ten customers. The loss of any of these customers, or renegotiation of any of our contracts with these customers, could negatively impact our results.

Historically, we have relied on a limited number of customers for a significant portion of our revenue. For the year ended December 31, 2020, our top ten customers accounted for     % of our revenue and our largest customer accounted for     % of our revenue.

We cannot guarantee that these customers will always choose to use our service. If we are unable to maintain and renew our relationship with our largest customers, or if our arrangements are modified so that the economic terms become less favorable to us, then our business would be materially adversely affected.

We do not have long-term commitments from our customers, and we may not be able to retain customers or attract new customers that provide us with revenue that is comparable to the revenue generated by any customers we may lose.

Most of our customers do business with us by placing orders for particular digital marketing services or entering into revenue share arrangements. If we perform well on a particular services, then the customer may place new orders with us for additional services or enter into new revenue share arrangements. We rarely have any commitment from a customer beyond the services contemplated in the order or revenue share arrangement and, even then, customers can typically terminate at any time. As a result, our success is dependent upon our ability to outperform our competitors and win repeat business from existing customers, while continually expanding the number of customers for whom we provide services. In addition, it is relatively easy for customers to seek alternative online gambling affiliates for their digital marketing services because there are no significant switching costs. Because we generally do not have long-term contracts, it may be difficult for us to accurately predict future revenue streams. We cannot provide assurance that our current customers will continue to use our services or that we will be able to replace departing customers with new customers that provide us with comparable revenue.

A large portion of our revenue depends on our customers’ calculated revenue and cost base. Our customers’ calculations could vary or be subject to miscalculations or deliberate misrepresentation.

Many of our customer agreements are based on a revenue share model whereby we receive a portion of the online gambling operator’s NGR, generated by the referred players, typically for the entire consumer lifetime of the referred player. For the financial year ended December 31, 2020, revenue share agreements accounted for     % of our revenue and hybrid agreements (including a combination of revenue share and CPA model) accounted for      % of our revenue.

Under revenue share agreements, net revenues are calculated as the gross gaming revenue, or the GGR, for a user, adjusted for direct costs—such as transaction fees, bonuses and taxation. Online gambling operators’ directs cost may increase due to various factors, including increased taxation caused by new tax regulations. Some online gambling operators introduce arbitrary administration or other fees into the calculation to further reduce NGR.

Revenue share commissions are typically calculated on the basis of all of the referred players across a given online gambling affiliate account. Depending on our customer, we may maintain anywhere from one to ten or more online gambling affiliate accounts with each customer depending on the number of markets and websites where we work together. Referred players in an online gambling affiliate account are typically pooled when calculating commissions. As a result, a large winning referred player can zero-out the commission that would be payable on the other referred players within an online gambling affiliate account in any given month.

In addition, after we have directed an online gambler to an online gambling operator, we cannot directly track the online gambler’s activities in the online gambling operator’s system. We, therefore, rely on the net revenue calculations by the online gambling operator to determine our entitled payment. Consequently, there is a risk of miscalculation and misrepresentation, whether due to error, negligence or fraud. If such miscalculations occur undetected, subsequently remedied or retroactively adjusted, we could receive a lower fee than we are entitled to under our agreements, which in turn could result in lost revenue and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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The estimates of market opportunity and forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the market in which we compete achieves the forecasted growth, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts included in this prospectus are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. Not every online gambling operator covered by our market opportunity estimates will necessarily purchase our solutions at all, and some or many of those online gambling operators may choose to use the solutions offered by our competitors. It is impossible to build every product feature that every customer wants, and our competitors may develop and offer features that our platform does not provide. The variables that go into the calculation of our market opportunity are subject to change over time, and there is no guarantee that any particular number or percentage of the online gambling operators covered by our market opportunity estimates will purchase our solutions at all or generate any particular level of revenue for us. Even if the market in which we compete meets the size estimates and growth forecasts in this prospectus, our business could fail to grow for a variety of reasons outside of our control, including competition in our industry or changing regulation. If any of these risks materialize, it could harm our business and prospects. For more information regarding the estimates of market opportunity and the forecasts of market growth included in this prospectus, see the section titled “Industry and Market Data.”

We depend on key personnel to operate our business. An inability to retain, attract, and integrate qualified personnel would harm our ability to develop and successfully grow our business.

Our success and growth strategy depend on our ability to attract and retain key management and operating personnel, including skilled developers, marketing personnel, project managers, product managers and content editors. Our future success depends on our continuing ability to attract, develop, motivate and retain highly qualified and skilled employees. Qualified individuals are in high demand, and we may incur significant costs to attract and retain them. Experienced developers and marketing personnel, who are critical to the success of our business, are also in particularly high demand. Competition for their talents is intense and retaining such individuals can be difficult.

The future success of our business is highly dependent on the services and decisions of our management team, including Mr. Charles Gillespie, our Chief Executive Officer; Mr. Kevin McCrystle, our Chief Operating Officer; Mr. Elias Mark, our Chief Financial Officer; Mr. Johannes Bergh, our Chief Strategy Officer; and Ms. Ellen Monaghan, our VP of People. The loss of any of our executive officers or key employees could materially adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan and strategy, and we may not be able to find adequate replacements on a timely basis, or at all. Mr. Charles Gillespie and Mr. Kevin McCrystle are at-will employees, which means they may terminate their employment relationships with us at any time, and their knowledge of our business and industry would be extremely difficult to replace. We cannot ensure that we will be able to retain the services of any members of our senior management or other key employees. If we do not succeed in attracting well-qualified employees or retaining and motivating existing employees, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.

Our ability to increase our revenue depends on our ability to introduce successful new products and services. Our ongoing investments in developing products and services involve significant risks which could disrupt our current operations and may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect.

We compete in rapidly evolving and highly competitive markets, and we expect competition to intensify further in the future with the emergence of new technologies and new market entrants. We face competition from new and established local and international players in the online marketing industry, traditional marketing providers such as TV, printed publications and radio, and online gambling operators who conduct extensive marketing activities of their own.

Our competitors may enjoy competitive advantages, such as greater name recognition, longer operating histories, substantially greater market share, large existing user bases and substantially greater financial, technical and other resources. These companies may use these advantages to offer services similar to ours at a lower price and respond more effectively than we do to new opportunities and customer demands.

To attract new visitors, we must offer and develop new features on a continuous basis and perform regular system updates. As a result, we have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant resources in developing products and services to drive traffic to our platform and engage our customers. For example, we have made considerable investments in our technology platform, including the Origins Publishing Platform, the Genesis content management

 

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system and the Elements advertiser management system. Our product development efforts may include significant changes to our existing products or new products that are unproven. Such investments may not prioritize short-term financial results and may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distracting management and disrupting our current operations. We cannot assure you that any resulting new or enhanced products and services will engage online gamblers and online gambling operators. We may fail to generate sufficient revenue, operating margin or other value to justify our investments in such products, thereby harming our ability to generate and increase revenue.

An actual, alleged or perceived security incident, inadvertent disclosure or breach of sensitive information, including confidential and personal information, we process, or of the security of our or our customers’, vendors’, or partners’ networks and systems could be detrimental to our business, reputation, financial information and results of operations.

Advances in technology, discoveries of new weaknesses and other developments with software generally used by the Internet community may increase the risk we will suffer a security incident. As part of our business we process certain personal, confidential and sensitive information. We may fail to detect or prevent security incidents, inadvertent disclosure or breach of sensitive information, including from malware, ransomware, viruses, worms or similar threats for any number of reasons, such as our failure to enhance and expand our platform to reflect industry trends, new technologies and new operating environments, the complexity of the environment, network or systems of our clients, vendors, or partners. We, our customers, vendors or partners may experience such incidents due to data being misappropriated by a malicious insider or unauthorized party, such as employee error, rogue employee activity, or other unlawful or unauthorized acts, which if successful, may result in either threatened or actual exposure leading to unauthorized access, disclosure and misuse of sensitive information or other information regarding customers, vendors, partners, employees, or our company and business, and our technologies, systems and networks have been subject to attempted cyberattacks. If we experience any such incidents, we may incur significant costs in protecting against or remediating such incidents, which include investing in resources to address these incidents. We may not be able to remedy any incidents or incidental problems in a timely manner, or at all. To the extent potential customers, industry stakeholders or other third parties believe that the failure to detect or prevent any particular threat is a flaw or indicates that our platform is not secure our reputation and business would be harmed. Any real or perceived defects, errors or vulnerabilities in our platform or business, or any other failure of our platform to detect an incident, could result in:

 

   

a loss of existing or potential customers;

 

   

delayed or lost revenue and adverse impacts to our business, financial condition and operating results;

 

   

a delay in attaining, or the failure to attain, market acceptance;

 

   

the expenditure of significant financial and research and development resources in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate, or work around errors or defects, and address and eliminate vulnerabilities;

 

   

an increase in resources, including devoted customer service and support, which could adversely affect our gross margins;

 

   

decrease in value to our reputation or brand; and

 

   

claims and litigation, regulatory inquiries, or investigations, enforcement actions, including fines, and other claims and liabilities, all of which may be costly and burdensome and further harm our reputation.

Systems failures and resulting interruptions in the availability of our websites, apps, or platforms could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

It is critical to our success that online gamblers can access our platform at all times. Our systems may experience service interruptions or degradation or other performance problems because of peak usage times, hardware and software defects or malfunctions, distributed denial-of-service and other cyberattacks, infrastructure changes, human error, natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks, computer viruses, ransomware, malware, or other events. Our systems also may be subject to break-ins and other intentional acts of vandalism, including by our own employees, independent contractors or other insiders. Some of our systems are not fully redundant and our disaster recovery planning may not be sufficient for all eventualities.

We may experience system failures and other events or conditions from time to time that could interrupt the availability, reduce or affect the speed or functionality of our platform. These system failures generally occur either as a result of software updates being deployed with unexpected errors or as a result of temporary infrastructure

 

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failures related to storage, network, or compute capacity being exhausted. These events have resulted in losses in revenue, though such losses have not been material to date. System failures in the future could result in significant losses of revenue. Further, in some instances, we may not be able to identify the cause or causes of these performance problems within an appropriate period of time. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the availability, speed, or other functionality of our platform could adversely affect our business and reputation and could result in the loss of users.

We have acquired, and may continue to acquire, other companies or technologies, which could divert management’s attention and otherwise disrupt our operations and harm our operating results, whether or not the acquisition is consummated. We may fail to acquire companies whose market power or technology could be important to the future success of our business.

As part of our business strategy, we have previously acquired businesses and will continue to consider potential strategic transactions that we believe could complement or expand our geographic presence, enhance our technical capabilities, or otherwise offer growth opportunities. For example, in February 2017, we acquired SvenskaCasino.se, Lyckospel.se and CasinoMobilt.se and AndroidSlots.co.uk. In 2018, we acquired a mobile performance-marketing network and Bookies.com, Bookmakers.co.uk, and FootballScores.com and their associated assets along with 500 additional undeveloped domain names. Pursuit of future potential acquisitions may divert the attention of management and cause us to incur various expenses in identifying, investigating, and pursuing suitable acquisitions, whether or not they are consummated. In addition, we may be unsuccessful in integrating our acquired businesses or any additional business we may acquire in the future, and we may fail to acquire companies whose market power or technology could be important to the future success of our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We also may not achieve the anticipated benefits from any acquired business due to a number of factors, including:

 

   

unanticipated costs or liabilities associated with the acquisition, such as transaction-related lawsuits or claims;

 

   

failure or material delay in closing a transaction;

 

   

incurrence of acquisition-related costs;

 

   

diversion of management resources from existing business operations;

 

   

regulatory uncertainties;

 

   

weak, ineffective, or incomplete data privacy compliance and strategies of an acquired company;

 

   

harm to our existing business relationships with online gambling operators as a result of the acquisition;

 

   

harm to our brand and reputation;

 

   

the potential loss of our key employees;

 

   

difficulties in retaining customers or key employees of an acquired company;

 

   

difficulties in integrating the technologies, operations, existing contracts, and employees of an acquired company; and

 

   

use of substantial financial resources to consummate the acquisition.

If we fail to address the foregoing risks or other problems encountered in connection with past or future acquisitions of businesses, or if we fail to successfully integrate such acquisitions or investments, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, acquisitions also could result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt, which could adversely affect our operating results.

If we fail to manage our rapid growth effectively, our brand, business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Since our founding in 2006, we have experienced rapid growth in the number of customers, the number of websites we owned, our geographic reach and our operations. We expect to continue to experience growth in the future. This growth has imposed, and may continue to impose, significant responsibilities on our management, including the need to identify, recruit and integrate additional employees with relevant expertise, expand the scope of our current technological platform and invest in improved controls over technology, financial reporting and information disclosure. If we fail to manage the growth of our business and operations effectively, the quality of our service and the efficiency of our operations could suffer, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In addition, our rapid growth may make it difficult to evaluate our future performance. Our ability to forecast our future results of operations is subject to a number of uncertainties, including our ability to model future growth. If

 

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we fail to achieve the necessary level of efficiency in our company as it grows, or if we are not able to accurately forecast future growth, our business would be negatively impacted.

We rely on the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store to offer and promote our apps. If such platform providers change their terms and conditions to our detriment, our business will suffer.

We offer a number of apps through the Apple App Store and the Google Play Store. We are subject to the policies and terms of service of these third-party platforms. Each platform provider has broad discretion to change and interpret its terms of service and other policies with respect to us and other developers, and those changes may be unfavorable to us. A platform provider may also add fees associated with access to and use of its platform, alter how we advertise on the platform or limit the use of personal information for advertising purposes. Any limit or discontinuation of our access to any platform could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The impact of economic conditions, including the resulting effect on consumer spending, may adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our performance is subject to economic conditions and their impact on the levels of consumer spending. Demand for entertainment and leisure activities, including online gambling, may decline if discretionary consumer spending declines, including during economic downturns, when consumers generally earn less disposable income. Changes in discretionary consumer spending or consumer preferences are driven by factors beyond our control, such as:

 

   

unfavorable changes in general economic conditions, including recessions, economic slowdowns;

 

   

fears of recession and changes in consumer confidence in the economy;

 

   

sustained high levels of unemployment;

 

   

increases in taxes, including gambling taxes or fees;

 

   

high energy, fuel and other commodity costs;

 

   

the potential for bank failures or other financial crises; and

 

   

terrorist attacks or other global events.

During periods of economic contraction, our revenues may decrease while most of our costs remain fixed and some costs may even increase, resulting in decreased earnings.

Consolidation among the online gambling operators may reduce demand for our products and profitability.

Much of the demand for our products derives from the desire of online gamblers to switch between different online gambling websites. The revenues of an online gambling website from a particular online gambler are usually highest in the first month after that online gambler signs up to the website. Therefore, online gamblers switching between platforms are likely to bring higher revenues to us. A consolidation of the online gambling sector could significantly reduce the ability and desire of online gamblers to switch between platforms, thereby potentially reducing our expected revenues. Furthermore, consolidation among online gambling operators may reduce competition for use of our product and therefore reduce our pricing power in the market place. Any significant move towards consolidation within the online gambling industry could therefore have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Negative events or negative media coverage relating to online gambling may adversely impact our ability to retain or attract online gamblers, which could have an adverse impact on our business.

The online gambling industry is subject to negative publicity relating to perceptions of underage gambling, exploitation of vulnerable customers and the historic link between the gambling industry to criminal activities. As a service provider to the online gambling industry, our reputation can be negatively affected and, accordingly, significantly influence our business. In addition, a negative shift in the perception of online gambling by the public or by policymakers, lobbyists or others could affect future legislation of online gambling, which could cause jurisdictions to abandon proposals to legalize online gambling, thereby limiting the number of jurisdictions in which we can operate. Furthermore, illegal betting activity could result in negative publicity for our industry and could harm our brand reputation. Negative public perception could also lead to new restrictions on or to the prohibition of online gambling in jurisdictions in which we currently operate. Such negative publicity could also reduce could diminish confidence in, and the use of, our platform and result in decreased revenue or slower customer growth rates, which could seriously harm our business.

 

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We may have difficulty accessing the service of banks and our business could be materially adversely affected.

Although financial institutions are permitted to provide services to us and others in the online gambling industry, banks may be hesitant to offer services to us because we are service providers for iGaming and sports betting businesses. Consequently, we may encounter difficulties in establishing and maintaining banking relationships with a full scope of services and generating market rate interest. If we were unable to maintain our bank accounts, it would make it difficult for us to operate our business, increase our operating costs, and pose additional operational, logistical and security challenges which could materially adversely impact our business.

Risks Related to Government Regulation

The online gambling industry is heavily regulated. Changes to the regulatory framework in the jurisdictions in which we operate could restrict our ability to advertise or harm our customers’ business, which could in turn negatively affect our financial performance.

As an online gambling affiliate, our principal customers are online gambling operators. Any regulatory development that could harm the financial performance or otherwise adversely affect online gambling operators could negatively affect our performance.

The regulatory framework for online gambling is complex and varies across the jurisdictions in which we operate. In some jurisdictions, online gambling regulations are subject to debate and continuous development. For example, the U.K. Gambling Commission has announced it is considering limiting the maximum allowable stake on iGaming games. Once implemented, the stake limitations would have a detrimental effect on online gambling operators in the U.K. including reducing player values, which would in turn adversely affect our performance in the U.K. market. In addition, in July 2020, the Swedish government introduced iGaming restrictions in an effort to combat problem gambling amid the COVID-19 pandemic, including a maximum weekly deposit and bonus offers for iGaming players until December 31, 2020. These restrictions were later extended to June 30, 2021. We believe such limitations would reduce player values in the Swedish regulated industry that we provide service to, thus would negatively affect our business in Sweden. Furthermore, in June 2020, the U.K. All-Party Parliamentary Group for Gambling Related Harm recommended that the U.K. government should ban all forms of gambling advertising. If such ban is implemented, our business in the U.K. would be blocked. In addition, online gambling operators and their B2B providers, such as online gambling operator affiliates (directly and/or directly by way of their commercial relationship with online gambling operators), are currently subject to significant taxes and fees in addition to normal corporate income taxes, and such taxes and fees are subject to increase at any time. Tax authorities may interpret laws originally enacted for mature industries and apply it to newer industries, such as online gambling. From time to time, various legislators and other government officials have proposed and adopted changes in tax laws, or in the administration or interpretation of such laws, affecting the gambling industry. In addition, any worsening of economic conditions and the large number of jurisdictions with significant current or projected budget deficits, many of which have been made worse due to COVID-19, could intensify the efforts of governments to raise revenues through increases in gambling taxes and/or other taxes. It is not possible to determine with certainty the likelihood of changes in tax laws or in the administration or interpretation or enforcement of such laws.

As the legal framework for the online gambling industry is constantly developing, we are unable to predict whether or when additional restrictions will be applied to online gambling operators in the jurisdictions in which we operate. Any development such as the above-mentioned could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

Our failure to obtain or maintain applicable licenses or approvals, or otherwise comply with applicable requirements, could adversely affect our business and our operations.

As an online gambling affiliate, we are required to obtain licenses or approvals to operate in each jurisdiction in the U.S. where we conduct business. As of December 31, 2020, we have obtained or approvals to operate from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Colorado, Illinois, Tennessee, Indiana and Virginia. Some of these approvals are subject to renewal—a potentially time-consuming process. Our delay or failure to renew licenses or approvals in any jurisdiction may prevent us from distributing our product offerings, increasing our customer base and/or generating revenues.

Currently, we are not required to obtain licenses or approvals to conduct business in the jurisdictions outside the U.S. However, the laws and regulations relating to online gambling are constantly evolving. We cannot predict if or when laws

 

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and regulations in these jurisdictions will be changed and to what degree such changes will have an impact on online gambling affiliates. Any regulatory development that would restrict or prevent us from conducting our business activities in any given territory could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial position.

We expect to continue to expand our operations to additional U.S. states and to expand our international operations. Any new markets or countries that we attempt to enter may not be receptive. For example, we may not be able to expand further in some markets if we are unable to obtain applicable licenses or approvals. If we are unable to effectively develop and operate within these new markets, or if our competitors are able to successfully penetrate geographic markets that we cannot access or where we face other restrictions, then our business, operating results and financial condition could be impaired.

We may be subject to legislation that limits or restricts the marketing of online gambling services and we could fail to comply with such legislation.

As service providers to online gambling operators, online gambling affiliates are generally not subject to the same laws and regulations governing online gambling operators. However, in many jurisdictions, we are obligated to comply with the regulations and standards around advertising in general. For example, the Advertising Standards Authority in the U.K. prescribes certain standards for online and affiliate marketing in general as well as specific policies around gambling. In the U.S., the American Gaming Association, or the AGA, has produced a Responsible Marketing Code for Sports Wagering which its members have pledged to follow. We are not a member of the AGA currently but should we join in the future, we would be required to comply with their marketing codes. The Irish Labour Party recently introduced the Gambling (Prohibition of Advertising) Bill 2021, which in its current form, could prohibit online gambling affiliates from providing digital marketing services. If such law were to pass, our business in Ireland will be blocked. In addition, we are subject to general marketing legislation in all jurisdictions that we operate. In the future, we may be subject to additional regulatory requirements aimed at the promotion of online gambling services, for example if we enter new geographical markets or if regulations are expanded to include our operations. Regulatory compliance is costly and time-consuming. We have dedicated significant time and financial resources to monitor our regulatory compliance and will continue to in the future. However, as we operate more than 30 websites in 13 jurisdictions and continue to grow our business globally, we, from time to time, may fail to maintain all websites fully compliant with marketing laws and regulations. This could result in penalties or other sanctions from relevant authorities, lead to increased costs or otherwise have a negative impact on our operations.

We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity.

While we do not collect and process personal data about our customers, which are operators, referred players, or NDCs, we do collect and process personal data about individuals when they register for our newsletters, participate in our American Gambling Awards (e.g., nominees, winners, etc.) and generally when we perform our administrative functions (e.g., information about employees and job applicants) for various business purposes, including marketing and promotional purposes. The collection, use and processing of such information about individuals are governed by data privacy laws and regulations enacted in the E.U., U.K., U.S. (federal and state), and other jurisdictions around the world, including U.S. marketing laws such as The Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography And Marketing Act and Telephone Consumer Protection Act. These data privacy laws and regulations are complex, continue to evolve, and on occasion may be inconsistent between jurisdictions leading to uncertainty in interpreting such laws and it is possible that these laws, regulations and requirements may be interpreted and applied in a manner that is inconsistent with our existing information processing practices, and many of these laws are significantly litigated and/or subject to regulatory enforcement.

The implication of this includes that various federal, state and foreign legislative or regulatory bodies may enact or adopt new or additional laws and regulations concerning data privacy, data retention, data transfer, and data protection. Such laws may continue to restrict or dictate how we collect, maintain, combine and disseminate information and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and prospects.

Most of the jurisdictions in which we operate have established their own data privacy and security legal frameworks. For instance, in the European Economic Area, or the E.E.A., we are subject to the General Data Protection

 

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Regulation 2016/679, the GDPR, and in the U.K., we are subject to the U.K. data protection regime consisting primarily of the U.K. General Data Protection Regulation, the U.K. GDPR, and the U.K. Data Protection Act 2018, each of which imposes strict requirements on covered processing and provides for robust regulatory enforcement and sanctions for non-compliance. The GDPR and the U.K. GDPR regimes enable competent authorities to issue fines up to the greater of 20 million/£17.5 million or 4% of global annual turnover. Such penalties are in addition to any civil litigation claims by data controllers, data processors, customers and data subjects. In addition, last year the Court of Justice of the E.U., or the CJEU, invalidated the E.U.-U.S. Privacy Shield (a mechanism for the transfer of personal data from the E.E.A to U.S.) and also indicated that reliance on standard contractual clauses (another such transfer mechanism) alone may not necessarily be sufficient in all circumstances. We previously relied on our E.U.-U.S Privacy Shield certification and in some cases the Privacy Shield certification(s) of our vendors and partners for the purposes of transferring personal data from the E.E.A. to the U.S. in compliance with the GDPR’s data export conditions. We are monitoring the developments following the CJEU decision as well as implementing the standard contractual clauses and reviewing other mechanisms for transfers from the E.E.A. and the U.K., including to the U.S. We are additionally subject to evolving E.U. and U.K. privacy laws on electronic marketing and cookies. In recent years, European lawmakers and regulators have expressed concern over electronic marketing and the use of nonessential cookies, web beacons and similar technology for online behavioral advertising, or tracking technologies, leading to an effort to replace the current rules on e-marketing (currently set out in the 2002 Privacy & Electronic Communication Directive 2002/58/EC, as amended, or the ePrivacy Directive, and national implementing laws) with a new ePrivacy Regulation. When implemented, the new ePrivacy Regulation is expected to alter rules on tracking technologies and significantly increase fining powers to the same levels as the GDPR.

Some recent developments in the U.S. include the enactment of the Nevada Security and Privacy of Personal Information, or the NSPPI, California Consumer Privacy Act, or the CCPA, which was recently expanded by the California Privacy Rights Act, or the CPRA, which was passed as a ballot initiative in November 2020 and comes into effect on January 1, 2023. Further, Virginia recently enacted the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act, or the VCDPA, another comprehensive state privacy law, that will also be effective January 1, 2023. The CCPA, CPRA, and VCDPA may increase our compliance costs and potential liability, particularly in the event of a data breach, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, including how we use personal information, our financial condition, the results of our operations or prospects.

We have invested, and expect to continue to invest, significant resources to comply with the GDPR and other privacy laws and regulations. Failure to meet any of the requirements of these laws and regulations could result in significant penalties or legal liability, adverse publicity and/or damage to our reputation, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The international scope of our operations and our corporate and financing structure may expose us to potentially adverse tax consequences.

We are subject to taxation in, and to the tax laws and regulations of, multiple jurisdictions due to the international scope of our operations and our corporate and financing structure. We are also subject to intercompany pricing laws including those relating to the flow of funds between our subsidiaries pursuant to, for example—purchase agreements, licensing agreements, or other arrangements. Adverse developments in such laws or regulations, or any change in position regarding the application, administration or interpretation of these laws or regulations in any applicable jurisdiction or our inability to comply with all applicable requirements of these laws or regulations due to travel restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. In addition, the tax authorities in any applicable jurisdiction may disagree with the positions we have taken or intend to take regarding the tax treatment or characterization of any of our activities or transactions, including the tax treatment or characterization of our tax residency, indebtedness or the transactions. If any applicable tax authorities successfully challenge the tax treatment or characterization of any of these, it could result in the disallowance of deductions; the imposition of additional or new taxation in certain jurisdictions; the imposition of withholding taxes on internal deemed transfers or in general, capital gains taxes, including on transfers that have been made and/or deemed to have been made in connection with the transactions; or otherwise, the reallocation of income, penalties; or other consequences that could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Recent and future U.S. tax legislation may adversely affect net income and cash flows.

Recently enacted U.S. tax legislation has significantly changed the U.S. federal income taxation of U.S. corporations, including by reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate, limiting interest deductions, adopting elements of a territorial tax system, limiting net operating loss carry forwards and introducing new anti-base erosion provisions. Many of these changes are effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, without any transition periods, sunset provisions, or grandfathering for existing transactions. The legislation is unclear in many respects and could be subject to potential amendments and technical corrections, as well as interpretations and implementing regulations by the Treasury and Internal Revenue Service, any of which could lessen or increase certain adverse impacts of the legislation. Further, it is reasonable to expect that non-U.S. taxing authorities will be reviewing current law for potential modifications in reaction to the implementation of the new U.S. tax legislation. While some of the changes made by the U.S. tax legislation, and any future U.S. or non-U.S. legislative changes, may adversely affect us in one or more reporting periods and prospectively, other changes may be beneficial on a going forward basis. We continue to work with our tax advisors and auditors to determine the full impact that the recent and changing U.S. tax legislation as a whole could have on our business, financial condition and results of operation.

Our failure to comply with trade restrictions such as economic sanctions and export controls could negatively impact our reputation and results of operations.

We are subject to trade restrictions, including economic sanctions and export controls, imposed by governments around the world with jurisdiction over our operations, which prohibit or restrict transactions involving certain designated persons and certain designated countries or territories, including Cuba, Iran, Syria, Sudan, North Korea, and the Crimea Region of Ukraine. Our failure to successfully comply with these laws and regulations may expose us to reputational harm as well as significant sanctions, including criminal fines, imprisonment, civil penalties, disgorgement of profits, injunctions, debarment from government contracts and other remedial measures. Investigations of alleged violations can be expensive and disruptive. We maintain policies and procedures designed to comply with these laws and regulations. As part of our business, we may, from time to time, engage in limited sales and transactions involving certain countries that are targets of economic sanctions, provided that such sales and transactions are authorized pursuant to applicable economic sanctions laws and regulations. However, we cannot predict the nature, scope, or effect of future regulatory requirements, including changes that may affect existing regulatory authorizations, and we cannot predict the manner in which existing laws and regulations may be administered or interpreted.

In addition, any perceived or actual breach of compliance by us with respect to applicable laws, rules, and regulations could have a significant impact on our reputation; could cause us to lose existing customers; prevent us from obtaining new customers; negatively impact investor sentiment about our company; require us to expend significant funds to remedy problems caused by violations and to avert further violations; and expose us to legal risk and potential liability—all of which may have a material adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our failure to comply with the anti-corruption laws of the U.S. and various international jurisdictions could negatively impact our reputation and results of operations.

Doing business on a worldwide basis requires us to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations imposed by governments around the world with jurisdiction over our operations, which includes the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or the FCPA, and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, or the U.K. Bribery Act, as well as the laws of the countries where we do business. These laws and regulations may restrict our operations, trade practices, investment decisions, and partnering activities. The FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act prohibit us and our officers, directors, employees, and business partners acting on our behalf, including agents, or representatives, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing, or providing anything of value, directly or indirectly, to foreign government officials for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The U.K. Bribery Act also prohibits non-governmental commercial bribery, soliciting or accepting bribes, and “facilitation payments,” or small payments to low-level government officials to expedite routine approvals. We also are subject to the jurisdiction of various governments and regulatory agencies around the world, which may bring our personnel and representatives into contact with foreign government officials responsible for evaluating and implementing legislative and regulatory changes relevant to our industry and issuing or renewing permits, licenses or

 

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approvals or for enforcing other governmental regulations. In addition, some of the international locations in which we operate lack a developed legal system, and some jurisdictions have been perceived to have elevated levels of public corruption. Our global operations expose us to the risk of violating, or being accused of violating, anti-corruption laws and regulations.

Other companies, including some that may compete with us, may not be subject to the prohibitions listed above, and therefore may have a competitive advantage over us. We are in the process of developing policies and procedures reasonably designed to comply with applicable anti-corruption laws and regulations. However, there can be no guarantee that our policies and procedures will effectively prevent violations by our officers, directors, employees, and business partners acting on our behalf for which we may be held responsible, and any such violation could adversely affect our reputation, business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our failure to successfully comply with these laws and regulations may expose us to reputational harm as well as significant sanctions, including criminal fines, imprisonment, civil penalties, disgorgement of profits, injunctions, and debarment from government contracts, as well as other remedial measures. Responding to any enforcement action or internal investigation related to alleged misconduct may result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and significant defense costs and other professional fees.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property

If we fail to protect or enforce our rights in our proprietary technology, brands or other intellectual property, our competitive position and our business could be materially adversely affected.

We primarily rely on a combination of trademark, copyright and other intellectual property laws and contractual restrictions to protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. However, we cannot be certain that the steps we have taken or will take to protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights will be successful. We currently hold rights to the Gambling.com domain name and various other related domain names in multiple jurisdictions. If we lose the ability to use a domain name, whether due to trademark claims, failure to renew the applicable registration, or any other cause, we may be forced to market our solutions under a new domain name, which could cause us substantial harm, or to incur significant expense to purchase rights to the domain name in question. In addition, our competitors could attempt to capitalize on our brand recognition by using domain names similar to ours. We may fail to prevent third parties from acquiring and using domain names that are similar to our brand. Protecting and enforcing our rights in our domain names may require litigation, which could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention, and ultimately may not be successful.

We also have certain registered trademarks that are important to our brand, such as the combined mark, Gambling.com. If we fail to protect or enforce our rights under our trademarks, we may lose the ability to use the trademarks or prevent others from using them, which could adversely harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

In addition, we have invested significant resources in developing our Origins Publishing Platform, our Genesis content management system, and our Elements advertiser management system. All are essential to our business and ability to compete successfully with other online gambling affiliates. Unauthorized parties may copy aspects of our platform or obtain and use information that we consider proprietary. In addition, unauthorized parties may also attempt, or successfully endeavor, to obtain our intellectual property, confidential information, and trade secrets through various methods, including through cybersecurity attacks, which could adversely affect our business. Our competitors or other third parties may also independently develop similar or competing technology or duplicate our solutions and services, which could harm our competitive position.

We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken will prevent infringement, misappropriation or other violations of our intellectual property rights, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as they do in the U.S. Further, we may be required to enforce our intellectual property or other proprietary rights through litigation, which, regardless of success, could result in substantial costs and diversion of management’s attention.

 

 

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We may face potential liability and expense for legal claims alleging that the content on our platform or the operation of our business infringes intellectual property rights of third parties, who may assert claims against us for unauthorized use of such rights.

On our publishing platform, we publish both our own content and content from third parties. We cannot be certain that the published content on our platform and the operation of our business do not, or will not, infringe or otherwise violate the intellectual property rights of third parties. Third parties may assert claims against us alleging that we are infringing or otherwise violating their intellectual property rights, including claims for copyright or trademark infringement, or other claims based on the nature and content of the material that we publish or distribute. These claims, whether or not successful, could divert management time and attention away from our business and harm our reputation and financial condition. In addition, the outcome of litigation is uncertain, and third parties asserting claims could secure a judgment awarding substantial damages, as well as injunctive or other equitable relief against us, which could require us to rebrand, redesign, or reengineer our platforms or websites, and/or effectively block our ability to distribute or market our products and services.

Our use of “open source” software in our applications could subject our proprietary software to general release, adversely affect our ability to sell our services and subject us to possible litigation, claims or proceedings.

We may use open source software in connection with the development and deployment of our solutions and services, and we expect to continue to use open source software in the future. Companies that use open source software in connection with their products have, from time to time, faced claims challenging the use of open source software and/or compliance with open source license terms. As a result, we could be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of what we believe to be open source software or claiming noncompliance with open source licensing terms. Some open source software licenses may require users who distribute software containing or linked to open source software to publicly disclose all or part of the source code to such software and/or make available any derivative works of the open source code to their licensees, which could include proprietary code of the user. In such cases, the open source software license may restrict users from charging fees to licensees for use of their software. While we monitor the use of open source software and try to ensure that none is used in a manner that would subject our proprietary source code to these requirements and restrictions, such use could inadvertently occur, in part because open source license terms are often ambiguous and have generally not been interpreted by U.S. or foreign courts.

Further, in addition to risks related to license requirements, use of certain open source software carries greater technical and legal risks than does the use of third-party commercial software. For example, open source software is generally provided without any support or warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement or the quality of the code, including the existence of security vulnerabilities. To the extent that our platform depends upon the successful operation of open source software, any undetected errors or defects in open source software that we use could prevent the deployment or impair the functionality of our systems and injure our reputation. In addition, the public availability of such software may make it easier for others to compromise our platform. Any of the foregoing risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Risks Related Our Status as a Non-U.S. Company

The rights of our shareholders may differ from the rights typically offered to shareholders of a U.S. corporation.

We are incorporated under Jersey law. The rights of holders of ordinary shares is governed by Jersey law, including the provisions of the Jersey Companies Law, and by our memorandum and articles of association. These rights differ in certain respects from the rights of shareholders in typical U.S. corporations. See “Description of Share Capital—Difference in Corporate Law” in this prospectus for a description of the principal differences between the provisions of the Jersey Companies Law applicable to us and the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to shareholders’ rights and protections.

It may be difficult to enforce a U.S. judgment against us or our directors and officers outside the U.S., or to assert U.S. securities law claims outside of the U.S.

Several of our directors and executive officers are not residents of the U.S., and the majority of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may be difficult for investors to effect service of process upon us within the U.S. or other jurisdictions, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the U.S. See “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.” Additionally, it may be difficult for you to assert U.S.

 

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securities law claims in actions originally instituted outside of the U.S. Foreign courts may refuse to hear a U.S. securities law claim because foreign courts may not be the most appropriate forums to bring such a claim. Even if a foreign court agrees to hear a claim, it may determine that the law of the jurisdiction in which the foreign court resides, and not U.S. law, is applicable to the claim. Further, if U.S. law is found to be applicable, the content of applicable U.S. law must be proved as a fact, which can be a time-consuming and costly process and certain matters of procedure would still be governed by the law of the jurisdiction in which the foreign court resides.

In particular, investors should be aware of the uncertainty as to whether the courts of Jersey would recognize and enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or management predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the U.S. or any state in the U.S. or entertain original actions brought in courts of Jersey against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the U.S. or any states in the U.S. As a result of the difficulty associated with enforcing a judgment against us, you may not be able to collect any damages awarded by either a U.S. or foreign court.

Because most of our material agreements are governed by foreign laws, we may not be able to enforce our rights within a foreign jurisdiction, which could result in a significant loss of business, business opportunities or capital.

Foreign laws govern most of our material agreements. We may fail to enforce the terms of our material agreements and remedies may not be available outside of a foreign jurisdiction. The system of laws and the enforcement of existing laws in such jurisdiction may not be as certain in implementation and interpretation as in the U.S. The judiciaries in certain foreign countries may be relatively inexperienced in enforcing corporate and commercial law, leading to a higher than usual degree of uncertainty as to the outcome of any litigation. Our inability to enforce or obtain a remedy under any of our material agreements could result in a significant loss of business and business opportunities.

Foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations and volatility in global currency markets could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

While our presentation currency for our consolidated financial statements is the U.S. dollar, a significant part of our revenues is denominated in Euros and GBP. Consequently, fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause our revenues and expenses to fluctuate and may impact our profitability, cash flows and our results generally. These risks related to exchange rate fluctuations and currency volatility may increase in the future as our operations outside the U.S. continue to expand. We have not traditionally used foreign exchange hedging to protect our exposure to exchange rate fluctuations, and do not expect to put in place such hedging. Consequently, our business, financial condition, and results of operations may be materially adversely affected by fluctuations in currency exchange rates.

Our international operations involve additional risks, and our exposure to these risks will increase as our business continues to expand.

We operate in a number of jurisdictions and intend to continue to expand our global presence. To date, we have focused our efforts on the EU. International operations are subject to the legal, political, regulatory, requirements and economic conditions in the jurisdictions in which they are conducted. Risks inherent to international operations include, but are not limited to:

 

   

exposure to local economic or political instability;

 

   

compliance with various laws and regulatory requirements relating to anti-corruption, antitrust or competition, economic and trade sanctions, data content, data protection and privacy, employment and labor laws and health and safety;

 

   

obtaining any required government approvals, licenses or other authorizations;

 

   

difficulties in attracting and retaining qualified employees in certain international markets, as well as managing staffing and operations due to increased complexity, distance, time zones, language and cultural differences;

 

   

difficulties in enforcing agreements, judgments, and arbitration awards in various legal systems; and

 

   

inability to obtain, maintain or enforce our intellectual property rights.

We believe that our overall success as a global business depends on our ability to succeed in different legal, regulatory, economic, social, and political situations and conditions. We may not be able to develop and implement effective policies and strategies in each jurisdiction where we may conduct operations or do business in the future.

 

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As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from a number of rules under the U.S. securities laws and are permitted to file less information with the SEC than a U.S. domestic public company. This may limit the information available to holders of the ordinary shares.

As a “foreign private issuer,” we are not subject to all the disclosure requirements applicable to public companies organized within the U.S. For example, we are exempt from certain rules under the Exchange Act, that regulate disclosure obligations and procedural requirements related to the solicitation of proxies, consents or authorizations applicable to a security registered under the Exchange Act, including the U.S. proxy rules under Section 14 of the Exchange Act. In addition, our officers and directors are exempt from the reporting and “short-swing” profit recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and related rules with respect to their purchases and sales of our securities. Moreover, while we expect to submit quarterly interim consolidated financial data to the SEC under cover of the SEC’s Form 6-K, we will not be required to file periodic reports and financial statements with the SEC as frequently or as promptly as U.S. domestic public companies are required and will not be required to file quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K under the Exchange Act. Accordingly, there may be less publicly available information concerning us than there would be if we were a U.S. domestic public company.

As a foreign private issuer, we are permitted to and we expect to, follow certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards. These practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we were required to comply fully with the Nasdaq corporate governance standards.

As a foreign private issuer listed on the Nasdaq we will be subject to Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards. However, Nasdaq rules permit foreign private issuers to follow home country corporate governance practices instead of Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards as long as notification is provided to Nasdaq of the intention to take advantage of such exemptions. Certain corporate governance practices in Jersey, which is our home country, may differ significantly from Nasdaq corporate governance standards. Other than as set forth in the section of this prospectus titled “Management—Corporate Governance Practices,” we currently intend to comply with the corporate governance listing standards of the Nasdaq to the extent possible under Jersey law. However, we may choose to change such practices to follow additional our home country practices in the future.

As a result of the accommodations for foreign private issuers, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would have under Nasdaq’s corporate governance standards applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. For an overview of our corporate governance practices, see “Management—Corporate Governance Practices.”

We may lose our foreign private issuer status in the future, which could result in significant additional costs and expenses.

We are a “foreign private issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. Under Rule 405, the determination of foreign private issuer status is made annually on the last business day of an issuer’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter.

In the future, we would lose our foreign private issuer status if a majority of our shareholders, directors or management are U.S. citizens or residents and we fail to meet additional requirements necessary to avoid loss of foreign private issuer status. Although we have elected to comply with certain U.S. regulatory provisions, our loss of foreign private issuer status would make such provisions mandatory. The regulatory and compliance costs to us under U.S. securities laws as a U.S. domestic issuer may be significantly higher. If we are not a foreign private issuer, we will be required to file periodic reports and registration statements on U.S. domestic issuer forms with the SEC, which are more detailed and extensive than the forms available to a foreign private issuer. For example, the annual report on Form 10-K requires domestic issuers to prepare U.S. GAAP financial statements be filed on a more accelerated timeframe than a Form 20-F, disclose executive compensation information on an individual basis with specific disclosure regarding the domestic compensation philosophy, objectives, annual total compensation (base salary, bonus, and equity compensation) and potential payments in connection with change in control, retirement, death or disability, while the annual report on Form 20-F permits foreign private issuers to disclose compensation information on an aggregate basis. We will also have to file Form 10-Qs each quarter and mandatorily comply with U.S. federal proxy requirements, and our officers, directors, and principal shareholders will become subject to the short-swing profit disclosure and recovery provisions of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. We may also be required to modify certain of our policies to comply with good governance practices associated with U.S. domestic issuers. Such conversion and modifications will involve additional costs. In addition, we

 

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may lose our ability to rely upon exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements on U.S. stock exchanges that are available to foreign private issuers.

U.S. Holders of our ordinary shares could be subject to material adverse tax consequences if we are considered a Passive Foreign Investment Company for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

There is a risk that we will be classified as a Passive Foreign Investment Company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Our status as a PFIC could result in a reduction in the after-tax return to U.S. Holders (as defined below under “Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations”) of our ordinary shares and may cause a reduction in the value of our ordinary shares. A corporation is classified as a PFIC for any taxable year in which either (i) at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income” or (ii) at least 50% of the average quarterly value of all its assets consists of assets that produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. For this purpose, passive income generally includes among other things, dividends, interest, certain rents and royalties, annuities, certain gains from the sale of stock and securities, and certain gains from commodities transactions.

Based on the projected composition of our income and valuation of our assets, we do not expect to become a PFIC in the foreseeable future, although there can be no assurance in this regard. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service or a U.S. court could determine that we are or were a PFIC in any past, current, or future taxable years. The determination of whether we are a PFIC is a fact-intensive determination made on an annual basis applying principles and methodologies which in some circumstances are unclear and subject to varying interpretation. If we were classified as a PFIC, U.S. Holders of our ordinary shares could be subject to greater U.S. income tax liability than might otherwise apply, imposition of U.S. income tax in advance of when tax would otherwise apply and detailed tax filing requirements that would not otherwise apply. The PFIC rules are complex and a U.S. Holder of our ordinary shares is urged to consult such holder’s own tax advisors regarding the possible application of the PFIC rules to it in its particular circumstances. See “Taxation—U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations—Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations.”

Risks Related to this Offering and Ownership of our Ordinary Shares

There is no existing market for our ordinary shares, and we do not know if one will develop to provide you with adequate liquidity to sell our ordinary shares at prices equal to or greater than the price you paid in this offering.

Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our ordinary shares. We cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in us will lead to the development of an active trading market on the Nasdaq or otherwise or how liquid that market might become. If an active trading market does not develop or is not sustained, you may have difficulty selling any of our ordinary shares that you buy. The initial public offering price for our ordinary shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail in the open market following this offering. Consequently, you may not be able to sell our ordinary shares at prices equal to or greater than the price you paid in this offering, or at all.

We will incur increased costs as a result of operating as a publicly traded company, and our management will be required to devote substantial time to new compliance initiatives.

As a publicly traded company in the U.S., we will incur additional legal, accounting, and other expenses that we did not previously incur. Although we are currently unable to estimate these costs with any degree of certainty, they may be material in amount. In addition, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, and the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq, have imposed various requirements on public companies. Our management and other personnel will need to devote a substantial amount of time to these compliance initiatives and investor relations. Moreover, these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more time-consuming and costly. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to incur additional costs to maintain the same or similar coverage.

Furthermore, if we are not able to comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in a timely manner, the market price of our ordinary shares could decline and we could be subject to potential delisting by the stock exchange on which our ordinary shares are listed and review by such exchange, the SEC or other regulatory authorities, which would require the expenditure by us of additional financial and management resources.

 

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As a result, our shareholders could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which would harm our business and the market price of our ordinary shares.

The price of our ordinary shares may fluctuate significantly, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

The initial public offering price for our ordinary shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the representative of the underwriters and may not be indicative of market prices that prevail following this offering. The trading price of our ordinary shares following this offering may fluctuate substantially due to factors in the market beyond our control. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our ordinary shares. The following factors, in addition to other factors described in this “Risk Factors,” may have an impact on the market price of our ordinary shares:

 

   

our operating and financial performance and prospects;

 

   

our quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in our industries;

 

   

the public’s reaction to our press releases, our other public announcements, and our filings with the SEC;

 

   

changes in, or failure to meet, earnings estimates or recommendations by research analysts who track our ordinary shares or the stock of other companies in our industries;

 

   

the failure of research analysts to cover our ordinary shares;

 

   

strategic actions by us, our customers, or our competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;

 

   

increased competition;

 

   

new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to us;

 

   

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations, or principles;

 

   

material litigation or government investigations;

 

   

default on our indebtedness;

 

   

changes in general conditions in the U.S. and global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, natural disasters, severe weather, or responses to such events;

 

   

reactions to changes in the markets for the raw materials or key inputs that impact our production or our industries generally;

 

   

changes in key personnel;

 

   

sales of ordinary shares by us or members of our management team;

 

   

termination or expiration of lock-up agreements with our management team and principal shareholders;

 

   

the granting or exercise of employee stock options;

 

   

volume of trading in our ordinary shares; and

 

   

the realization of any other risks described under this “Risk Factors” section.

In addition, in recent years, the stock market has experienced significant price and volume fluctuations. This volatility has had a significant impact on the market price of securities issued by many companies, including companies in the end-markets we serve. The changes frequently appear to occur without regard to the operating performance of the affected companies. Hence, the price of our ordinary shares could fluctuate based upon factors that have little or nothing to do with us or our business, and these fluctuations could materially reduce our share price and cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Further, in the past, market fluctuations and price declines in a company’s stock have led to securities class action litigations. If such a suit were to arise, it could have a substantial cost and divert our resources regardless of the outcome.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, or we fail to meet the expectations of industry analysts, the market price for our ordinary shares and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our ordinary shares will depend in part on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or about our business. If research analysts do not establish and maintain adequate research coverage or if one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our ordinary shares or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, the market price for our ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, interest in the purchase of our ordinary shares could decrease, which, in turn, could cause the market price or trading volume for our ordinary shares to decline.

 

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We identified a material weakness in our internal control over our financial reporting process. If we are unable to remediate this material weakness, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of a company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. We identified material weaknesses in our internal control environment over financial reporting. These control deficiencies could result in a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement of our financial results that would not be prevented or detected. The material weaknesses related to (i) our lack of a sufficient number of personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge and experience in the application of IFRS, commensurate with our financial reporting requirements and (ii) the fact that policies and procedures with respect to the review, supervision and monitoring of our accounting and reporting functions were either not designed and in place or not operating effectively. As a result, numerous adjustments to our consolidated financial statements were identified and made during the course of the audit. See Note 2—Basis of Presentation—Restatement to our consolidated financial statements for more information about the scope and nature of such adjustments and restatements.

We have initiated a number of steps designed to assist us in remediating the material weakness including: (i) adopting a more rigorous period-end review process for financial reporting; (ii) adopting improved period close processes and accounting processes; (iii) implementing a new ERP platform; and (iv) adding additional resources with sufficient accounting knowledge. While we have designed and are implementing new controls to remediate this material weakness, they have not operated for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate the material weakness has been remediated. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date will be sufficient to remediate the material weakness we identified or avoid the identification of additional material weaknesses in the future. If the steps we take do not remediate the material weakness in a timely manner, there could continue to be a reasonable possibility that this control deficiency or others could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Furthermore, investors’ perceptions that our internal controls are inadequate or that we are unable to produce accurate financial statements on a timely basis may harm our stock price. If we are unable to successfully remediate our identified material weakness, or if we discover additional material weaknesses, we would be required to continue disclosing such material weaknesses in future filings with the SEC, which could adversely impact investor confidence in our company and the market price of our ordinary shares, and could subject us to litigation or regulatory enforcement actions.

We have not yet completed our evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting in compliance with Section 404 of SOX and if we fail, for any reason, to effectively or efficiently implement new internal control procedures for compliance with Section 404 of SOX, such failure could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Following the completion of the offering, we will be required to comply with the internal control evaluation and certification requirements of Section 404(a) of SOX by the end of our 2022 fiscal year. While we intend to achieve compliance within the time required, we may not be able to meet the management certification requirements in a timely manner. If it is determined that we are not in compliance with Section 404, we will be required to implement new internal control procedures and re-evaluate our financial reporting. We may experience higher than anticipated operating expenses as well as outside auditor fees during the implementation of these changes and thereafter. We will need to hire additional qualified personnel in order for us to be compliant with Section 404. During the course of documenting and testing our internal control procedures, in order to satisfy the requirements of Section 404, we may identify weaknesses and deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. If we fail, for any reason, to implement these changes effectively or efficiently, such failure could harm our operations, financial reporting or financial results and the trading price of our ordinary shares, expose us to increased risk of fraud or misuse of corporate assets, subject us to regulatory investigations and civil or criminal sanctions and could result in our conclusion that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. If we fail to remediate the material weakness identified above, our management may conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is not effective. This conclusion could adversely impact the market price of our ordinary shares due to a loss of investor confidence in the reliability of our reporting processes.

We do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future.

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our ordinary shares. We intend to retain all available liquidity sources and future earnings, if any, to fund the development and expansion of our business, and we have no plans to

 

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pay regular dividends on our ordinary shares in the foreseeable future. Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of our board of directors (subject to, and in accordance with, our memorandum and articles of association) and will depend on then-existing conditions, including our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements, level of indebtedness, statutory and contractual restrictions applying to the payment of dividends, and other considerations that our board of directors deems relevant. Accordingly, you may have to sell some or all of your ordinary shares after price appreciation in order to generate cash flow from your investment. You may not receive a gain on your investment when you sell your ordinary shares and you may lose the entire amount of the investment.

You may suffer immediate and substantial dilution.

The initial public offering price per share of our ordinary shares is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per outstanding share immediately after the offering. As a result, you may pay a price per share that substantially exceeds the tangible book value of our assets after subtracting our liabilities. Investors who purchase our ordinary shares in the offering will incur immediate dilution of $         per share after giving effect to the sale of our ordinary shares in this offering. If we grant options in the future to our employees, and those options are exercised or other issuances of our ordinary shares are made, there will be further dilution. See “Dilution.”

Future sales of our ordinary shares in the public market could lower our share price, and any additional capital raised by us through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities may dilute your ownership in us and may adversely affect the market price of our ordinary shares.

We and substantially all of our current shareholders may sell additional ordinary shares in subsequent public offerings. We may also issue additional ordinary shares or convertible debt securities, for a variety of reasons, including to finance future acquisitions. After the consummation of this offering, we will be authorized to issue              ordinary shares and have              ordinary shares outstanding. This number includes              ordinary shares sold by us which may be resold immediately in the public market. Of the remaining ordinary shares,             , or approximately     % of our total outstanding ordinary shares, are restricted from immediate resale under the lock-up agreements between our current shareholders and the underwriters described in “Underwriting,” but may be sold into the market in the near future. These ordinary shares and any ordinary shares which may be issued upon exercise of outstanding options will become available for sale following the expiration of the lock-up agreements, which, without the prior consent of the representative of the underwriters, is 180 days after the date of this prospectus, subject to compliance with the applicable requirements under Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act.

We cannot predict the size of future issuances of our ordinary shares or the effect, if any, that future issuances and sales of our ordinary shares will have on the market price of our ordinary shares. Sales of substantial amounts of our ordinary shares or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices for our ordinary shares. See “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.”

We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the JOBS Act and will take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements, which may make our ordinary shares less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 effective on April 5, 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. Most of such requirements relate to disclosures that we would only be required to make if we cease to be a foreign private issuer in the future, including exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. Nevertheless, as a foreign private issuer that is an emerging growth company, we will not be required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for up to five fiscal years after the date of this offering. We are also only required to report two years of financial results and selected financial data as an emerging growth company, compared to three and five years, respectively, for comparable data reported by other public companies. We may take advantage of these exemptions as long as we remain an emerging growth company, which could be for up to five years, although circumstances could cause us to lose that status earlier, including if our total annual gross revenues reach $1.07 billion, if the aggregate market value of our ordinary shares held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million or if we issue more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt over a three year period. We cannot predict if investors will find our ordinary shares less attractive because we may rely on the above emerging growth company exemptions. If some investors find our ordinary shares less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our ordinary shares and the price of our ordinary shares may be more volatile.

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, plans and objectives. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “believe,” “may,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “should,” “plan,” “expect,” “predict,” “potential,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “ongoing,” “future” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, such matters as:

 

   

our ability to manage expansion into the U.S. markets and other markets;

 

   

our ability to compete in our industry;

 

   

our expectations regarding our financial performance, including our revenue, costs, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA;

 

   

the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents, and investments to meet our liquidity needs;

 

   

our ability to mitigate and address unanticipated performance problems on our websites, or platforms;

 

   

our ability to attract, retain, and maintain good relations with our customers;

 

   

our ability to anticipate market needs or develop new or enhanced offerings and services to meet those needs;

 

   

our ability to stay in compliance with laws and regulations, including tax laws, that currently apply or may become applicable to our business both in the U.S. and internationally and our expectations regarding various laws and restrictions that relate to our business;

 

   

our ability to anticipate the effects of existing and developing laws and regulations, including with respect to taxation, and privacy and data protection that relate to our business;

 

   

our ability to obtain and maintain licenses or approvals with gambling authorities in the U.S.;

 

   

our ability to effectively manage our growth and maintain our corporate culture;

 

   

our ability to identify, recruit, and retain skilled personnel, including key members of senior management;

 

   

our ability to successfully identify, manage, consummate and integrate any existing and potential acquisitions;

 

   

our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our intellectual property;

 

   

our intended use of the net proceeds from this offering;

 

   

our ability to manage the increased expenses associated and compliance demands with being a public company;

 

   

our ability to maintain our foreign private issuer status; and

 

   

other factors detailed herein under “Risk Factors.”

The preceding list is not intended to be an exhaustive list of all of our forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future performance, taking into account the information currently available to us. These statements are only predictions based upon our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks provided under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that future results, levels of activity, performance and events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or will occur. Each forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date of the particular statement. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus, to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and estimated offering expenses, will be approximately $         million (or approximately $        million if the underwriters exercise their option in full), assuming the shares are offered at $        per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $        per ordinary share would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $        million, assuming the number of shares offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains the same and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions. Similarly, each increase (decrease) of 100,000 shares in the number of ordinary shares offered by us would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by approximately $        million, assuming that the assumed initial public offering price remains the same, and after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions.

The principal purposes of this offering are to obtain additional working capital, to create a public market for our ordinary shares and to facilitate our future access to the public equity markets. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including working capital, operating expenses and capital expenditures and potential strategic investments and acquisitions.

The expected use of net proceeds from this offering represents our intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions. We cannot predict with certainty all of the particular uses for the proceeds of this offering or the amounts that we will actually spend on the uses set forth above, and there may be circumstances where a reallocation of funds is necessary. Accordingly, our management will have broad discretion over the way that we use the net proceeds from this offering. The timing and amount of our actual expenditures will be based on many factors, including cash flows from operations and the anticipated growth of our business. An investor will not have the opportunity to evaluate the economic, financial or other information on which we base our decisions on how to use the proceeds.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. We currently intend to retain future earnings, if any, to finance operations and expand our business. Our board of directors has sole discretion whether to pay dividends. If our board of directors decides to pay dividends, the form, frequency and amount will depend upon our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors that our directors may deem relevant. The distribution of dividends may be limited by the laws of Jersey, which permits distributions to be made from any source (subject to certain restrictions) but requires a statement of solvency to be made by the directors of the Company authorizing such distribution. For an explanation concerning the payment of dividends under the laws of Jersey, see “Description of Share Capital—Dividend and Liquidation Rights.” The terms of certain of our outstanding borrowings restrict our ability to pay dividends or make distributions on our ordinary shares, and we may enter into credit agreements or other borrowing arrangements in the future that will restrict our ability to declare or pay cash dividends or make distributions on our ordinary shares.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and total capitalization as of December 31, 2020:

 

   

on an actual basis; and

 

   

on an as adjusted basis to give effect to the issuance and sale of ordinary shares by us in this offering at an assumed public offering price of $        per share (the midpoint of the estimated price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

You should read this information in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus and the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section and other financial information contained in this prospectus.

 

 

 

     AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020  
         ACTUAL              AS ADJUSTED      
    

(in thousands USD,

except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Cash and cash equivalents

     

Borrowings

     

Lease liability

     

Total non-current liabilities

     

Share capital

     

Capital reserve

     

Share option and warrants reserve

     

Foreign exchange translation reserve

     
     

Accumulated deficit

     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total equity

                                       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total capitalization

     

 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $         per ordinary share, would increase (decrease) the as adjusted amount of each of cash and cash equivalents, additional paid-in capital, total equity and total capitalization by approximately $        million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in our ordinary shares in this offering, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per ordinary share after this offering. Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2020 was $        per ordinary share.

Net tangible book value per ordinary share was calculated by:

 

   

subtracting our total liabilities from our total tangible assets (total assets less intangible assets); and

 

   

dividing the difference by the number of ordinary shares outstanding.

After giving effect to the sale of ordinary shares that we are offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $        per ordinary share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our net tangible book value on an adjusted basis as of                    , 2020 would have been $         per ordinary share. This amount represents an immediate decrease in net tangible book value of $        per ordinary share to our existing shareholders and an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $        per ordinary share to new investors purchasing ordinary shares in this offering. We determine dilution by subtracting the as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering from the amount of cash that a new investor paid for an ordinary share.

The following table illustrates this dilution:

 

 

 

Assumed initial public offering price per ordinary share

      $                

Net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2020

   $                   

Increase per share attributable to this offering

     
  

 

 

    

Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering

     
     

 

 

 

Dilution per share to new investors in this offering.

      $    

 

 

A $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $        per ordinary share would increase (decrease) the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value by $         , or $         per share, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ordinary shares in full in this offering, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value after the offering would be $          per share, the decrease in net tangible book value per share to existing shareholders would be $          and the increase in net tangible book value per share to new investors would be $          per share, in each case assuming an initial public offering price of $         per ordinary share.

The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2020 the differences between the number of shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us in cash and the average price per share that existing shareholders paid, on the one hand, and new investors are paying in this offering, on the other hand. The calculation below is based on an assumed initial public offering price of $         per ordinary share (the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus) before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

 

 

     SHARES PURCHASED     TOTAL CONSIDERATION     AVERAGE PRICE PER
SHARE
 
     NUMBER      PERCENT     AMOUNT      PERCENT  

Existing shareholders

                                          $                                                       

New investors

            
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

Total

        100        100  

 

 

 

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The foregoing tables and calculations exclude        ordinary shares reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans as of December 31, 2020, of which there were options to purchase        shares at a weighted average exercise price of $        per share.

To the extent any of these outstanding options is exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. To the extent all of such outstanding options had been exercised as of December 31, 2020, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering would be $         , and total dilution per share to new investors would be $         .

If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full:

 

   

the percentage of ordinary shares held by existing shareholders will decrease to approximately    % of the total number of our ordinary shares outstanding after this offering; and

 

   

the number of shares held by new investors will increase to         , or approximately    % of the total number of our ordinary shares outstanding after this offering.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information included elsewhere in this prospectus. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this prospectus, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should review the “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” sections of this prospectus for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

We are a multi-award-winning performance marketing company and a leading provider of digital marketing services active exclusively in the online gambling industry. Our principal focus is on iGaming and sports betting. Through our proprietary technology platform, we publish a portfolio of premier branded websites including Gambling.com and Bookies.com. We tailor each one of our websites to different user interests and markets within the online gambling industry by producing original content relating to the sector, such as news, odds, statistics, product reviews and product comparisons of locally available online gambling services. We attract online gamblers through online marketing efforts and refer these online gamblers to companies that are licensed by gambling regulators to provide real-money online gambling services, known as online gambling operators, who convert these potential online gamblers into actual paying players. In this way, we provide business-to-business, or B2B, digital marketing services to online gambling operators.

We generate revenue by referring online gamblers to online gambling operators. When an online gambler visits an online gambling operator from one of our websites, registers a new account and makes a deposit, this online gambler becomes one of our referred players. Each of our referred players entitles us to remuneration pursuant to our agreements with the online gambling operator. Our agreements are primarily based on a revenue share model, a Cost Per Acquisition model (also referred to as CPA), or a combination of both.

As we are compensated primarily on a performance-based model our revenue depends overwhelmingly on the quantity and quality of traffic we can provide to our customers, rather than on our commercial team’s ability to sell advertising based on fixed fees or placements. Our commercial team focuses on finding high performing partners and curating the relationship with our existing partners to improve and expand our business relationships.

Revenue Share Model

Under the revenue share model, we are entitled to a certain percentage of the NGR generated by a referred player with no flat fee component. NGR is calculated as GGR less direct costs such as transaction fees, bonus offers, loyalty rewards, charge backs and, sometimes, administrative fees. Revenue share commissions are typically calculated on the basis of a pool of referred players across a given online gambling affiliate account. Depending on the customer, we may maintain multiple online gambling affiliate accounts with each customer. While most of our arrangements are valid for the entire customer lifetime of the referred players, in practice referred players typically play for a limited time only. Such characteristics could vary significantly between markets and outliers such as high-rollers and long-term online gamblers do exist and can have a significant effect on revenue share results. Significant counterparty risk is inherent to the revenue share model and therefore we apply a risk-based model when determining whether, and to what extent, to transact on a revenue share basis with a given customer. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 20% of our revenue was generated under the revenue share model.

Cost per Acquisition (CPA) Model

Under the CPA model, we are compensated with a flat fee commission per NDC according to terms which may include a minimum deposit. CPA fees vary significantly between markets and product categories depending on the geography and type of product. The CPA model captures a sizable portion of the value of the online gambler at the start and therefore has much better cash flow dynamics compared to revenue share which can take months or years

 

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to catch up to and exceed the CPA value that could have been achieved for an individual referred player (if it exceeds it at all). For small online gambling operators or operators with a short trading history, we tend to favor the CPA model to minimize exposure to the counterparty risk inherent in the revenue share model. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 18% of our revenue was generated under the CPA model.

Hybrid Model

The hybrid model combines both revenue share and CPA. Under this model, online gambling operators pay a lower up-front payment and a lower revenue share percentage. This model gives us the best of both worlds which enables us to secure both predictable short-term revenue and exposure to ongoing revenue share to maximize the revenue per referred player over the medium and long-term. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 57% of our revenue was generated under the hybrid model.

We have also received and continue to receive revenue from other commercial structures, such as fixed fees, initiation fees or minimum guarantees for revenue share.

Our revenue performance depends significantly on selecting the best commercial model available to us from each of our customers. Usually some combination of all three of the models will be offered and it is incumbent on us to negotiate and select our preferable model. Operators’ favored model tends to vary over time depending on internal priorities and personnel. Internally we are agnostic as to the superiority of any one of the three models above. We have a predictive analytics system which estimates the value to us of each of these models based on each operator, product and market and we simply choose the one that our systems predict will yield the best results.

Online gamblers generally locate our websites via search engines, and we are thus dependent on the effective implementation of SEO strategies across our portfolio of websites. We plan to organically increase our market share by continuing to deliver best in class content on our branded destinations through the efficient use of our technology platforms. Google and other search engines are increasingly adept at identifying the truly high-quality content which deserves prominence. Our investments in content, product and website delivery thus naturally result in strong search engine rankings without extra effort.

The main drivers for the online gambling affiliate market in which we operate are the underlying online gambling market, pace and detail of regulation, the amount of advertising conducted by the online gambling operators and the share of such advertising going to online gambling affiliates such as us. Underlying market growth stems from both an increase in the number of jurisdictions regulating online gambling for the first time as well as growth from already regulated jurisdictions where online gambling is becoming an increasingly accepted, mainstream leisure activity.

Newly regulated markets, such as the U.S., we believe, present significant opportunities for future growth. Changes to existing regulations could present both risks and opportunities depending on the nature of the change. An increase in underlying gaming tax, for example, would negatively affect the revenue potential from such market whereas an expansion in the number of online gambling licensees would typically positively affect the revenue potential.

Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Revenue from sports betting tends to fluctuate significantly with the sporting events schedule. In the northern hemisphere the first and fourth quarters are typically stronger and the second and third quarters subject to negative seasonality. Revenue from iGaming is typically not subject to significant seasonality. For the year ended December 31, 2019, 24% of our revenue was generated from sports products including online betting and daily fantasy sports and 73% was generated from casino products including iGaming and social casino.

Impact of COVID-19

The COVID-19 global pandemic has presented health and economic challenges on an unprecedented scale. The online gambling industry has been affected by COVID-19 both directly in terms of disruptions to revenue generating activities and indirectly as a result of effects to the general economy and financial markets.

 

 

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The direct impact of COVID-19 on our business beyond disruptions to normal business operations in several offices primarily results from the suspension and cancellation of sports seasons and sporting events. As a result of most major sports events having been postponed or cancelled for parts of 2020, our revenue from sports betting was directly and significantly affected. However, revenue from casino and other non-sports products showed strong growth throughout 2020 and revenue from sports showed signs of recovery as sports events returned.

Based on currently available information, we do not expect a significant negative long-term impact on our business. Our and our customer’s online business models benefit from an accelerated structural change from offline to online. The demands for our services were not impacted significantly by changes in buying behavior and disposable income of online gamblers. Management assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and based on actual results in the fiscal year 2020, there was no overall negative impact on our financial performance. While sports betting was negatively impacted, it represented only 24% of our total revenues in 2019. Growth in casino revenue more than offset the decrease in sports revenue.

As a leading provider of digital marketing services for the global online gambling industry, we have seen significant growth in revenues, as COVID-19 has shifted players to online entertainment. Our total revenue increased from $19,266 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing a year over year increase of     %. Our revenue from casino products increased from $14,020 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing an increase year over year of     % whereas our revenue from sports products decreased from $4,686 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing a decrease of     %. Our Adjusted EBITDA increased from $3,747 for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         for the year ended December 31, 2020, representing a year over year increase of     %.

While the lasting impact of COVID-19 on the online gambling market is uncertain, we believe that the changes in player behaviors may have a permanent effect on the online gambling market and our business.

Non-IFRS Financial Measures

Management uses several financial measures, both IFRS and non-IFRS financial measures in analyzing and assessing the overall performance of the business and for making operational decisions.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA

EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure defined as earnings excluding net finance costs, income tax charge, depreciation, and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is a non-IFRS financial measure defined as EBITDA adjusted to exclude the effect of non-recurring items, significant non-cash items, share-based payment expense and other items that our board of directors believes do not reflect the underlying performance of the business.

We believe EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are useful to our management as a measure of comparative operating performance from period to period as it removes the effect of items not directly resulting from our core operations including effects that are generated by differences in capital structure, depreciation, tax effects and non-recurring events.

While we use EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as tools to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance, we do not believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are substitutes for, or superior to, the information provided by IFRS results. As such, the presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with IFRS. The primary limitations associated with the use of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as compared to IFRS results are that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as we define them may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in our industry and that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may exclude financial information that some investors may consider important in evaluating our performance.

 

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Below is a reconciliation to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA from loss for the year attributable to equity holders as presented in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the year specified:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  
         2019             2020      
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

Net loss for the year

     (1,901  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Add Back:

    

Net finance costs(1)

     2,429    

Income tax charge

     872    

Depreciation expense

     110    

Amortization expense

     2,116                     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

EBITDA

     3,626    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Non-recurring costs related to lease termination

     121    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

     3,747    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
(1)    Net finance costs is comprised of losses on financial liability at fair value through profit or loss, finance income, and finance expense.

 

 

Free Cash Flow

Free Cash Flow is a non-IFRS financial measure defined as cash flow from operating activities less capital expenditures, or CAPEX.

We believe Free Cash Flow is useful to our management as a measure of financial performance as it measures our ability to generate additional cash from our operations. While we use Free Cash Flow as a tool to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of our financial performance, we do not believe that Free Cash Flow is a substitute for, or superior to, the information provided by IFRS metrics. As such, the presentation of Free Cash Flow is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for any measure prepared in accordance with IFRS.

The primary limitation associated with the use of Free Cash Flow as compared to IFRS metrics is that Free Cash Flow does not represent residual cash flows available for discretionary expenditures due to the fact that the measure does not deduct the payments required for debt service and other obligations or payments made for business acquisitions. Free Cash Flow as we define it also may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies in the online gambling affiliate industry.

Below is a reconciliation to Free Cash Flow from cash flow from operating activities as presented in the Consolidated Statement of Cash flows for the year specified:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,      CHANGE  
         2019             2020          $      %  
     (in thousands, unaudited)                

Cash flows generated by operating activities

     4,004                                                             

Capital Expenditures

     (1,721        
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Free Cash Flow

     2,283          
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Results of Operations

The following discussion summarizes our results of operations for our one reportable segment for the year ended December 31, 2019, presented as a percentage of total revenue. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in thousands)
     AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE  
         2019             2020              2019             2020      

Revenue

     19,266          100  

Sales and Marketing expenses

     (10,862        56.4  

Technology expenses

     (2,498        13.0  

General & Administrative expenses

     (4,213        21.9  

Allowance for credit losses

     (293        1.5  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating profit

     1,400                           7.3                   

Losses on financial liability at fair value through profit or loss

     (94        0.5  

Finance income

     140          0.7  

Finance expense

     (2,475        12.8  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before tax

     (1,029        5.3  

Income tax charge

     (872        4.5  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

     (1,901        9.9  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income

         

Items not to be classified subsequently to profit or loss:

         

Exchange differences on translating foreign currencies

     50          0.3  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss

     (1,851        9.6  
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Key Performance Indicator

The Key Performance Indicator, or KPI, does not represent an IFRS based measurement. We define an NDC as a unique referral of a player from our system to one of our customers that satisfied an agreed performance obligation (typically making a deposit above a minimum threshold) with the customer and thereby triggered the right to commission for us. Management uses “NDCs” as an indication of the performance of our websites or mobile apps as we generate commission revenues from customers based on the referred players.

While no estimation is necessary in quantifying NDCs, the KPI is subject to various risks such as reliance on search engines, reliance on customer data, customer concentration, competition, licensing and regulation, and macroeconomic conditions. Refer to “Risk Factors” within this prospectus for further risks associated with our business which could affect this KPI.

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  
         2019              2020      
     (in thousands, unaudited)  

New Depositing Customers

     79                      

 

 

Revenue

We generate most of our revenue by referring online gamblers to online gambling operators with agreements based on one of three models: revenue share, cost per acquisition (CPA), or a combination of both. We consider each referred player to be a separate performance obligation. It is satisfied at the point in time when the referral is

 

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accepted by the relevant online gambling operator. Revenue share fees for each referred player are considered variable consideration and are only recognized to the extent it is probable that no significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized for the referral will occur when the ultimate fees are known. CPA fees for each referred player are recognized when earned upon acceptance of the referral by the online gambling operator.

Other revenues are derived from advertising and onboarding fees paid by online gambling operators. These revenues are recognized as earned or straight-line over the applicable service period.

Fees generated by each customer during a particular month are paid to us typically within 30 days after month end.

The following tables set forth the breakdown of our revenue in U.S. dollar amounts and as percentages of total revenues for the periods indicated:

Our revenue disaggregated by market is as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in thousands)
     AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE  
         2019              2020              2019             2020      

U.K. and Ireland

     13,412           69.7  

Other Europe

     2,879           14.9  

North America

     1,916                            9.9                   

Rest of the world

     1,059           5.5  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     19,266           100  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Other Europe includes revenue from Germany, Italy, Sweden and other European markets. North America includes revenues from the U.S. and Canada. Rest of the world includes revenue from Oceania and other markets outside of Europe and North America. Revenue is disaggregated based on the location of online gamblers.

Our revenue disaggregated by monetization is as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in thousands)
     AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE  
         2019              2020              2019             2020      

Hybrid commission

     11,060           57.4  

Revenue share commission

     3,856           20.0  

CPA commission

     3,447           17.9  

Other revenue

     903                            4.7                   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     19,266           100  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue share commission includes revenue from arrangements where we are remunerated exclusively by a share of the customers’s NGR from the referred players. CPA commission includes revenue from arrangements where we are remunerated exclusively by a single cash payment for each referred player. Hybrid commission includes revenue from arrangements where we are remunerated by both a CPA commission and a revenue share commission from the referred players. Other revenue includes revenue from arrangements not based on the referred players including advertising and onboarding fees.

 

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Our revenue disaggregated by product type from which it is derived is as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in thousands)
     AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE  
             2019                      2020                                                       

Casino

     14,020           72.8  

Sports

     4,686           24.3                   

Other

     560                            2.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenues

     19,266           100  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Revenue from Casino includes revenue from iGaming and social casino products. Revenue from Sports includes revenue from online sports betting and daily fantasy sports. Other revenue includes revenue from products other than Casino and Sports including online poker and online bingo.

Operating Expenses

The following tables set forth the breakdown of our expenses in U.S. dollar amounts and as percentages of total revenues for the period indicated:

Sales and Marketing Expenses

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,
(in thousands)
     AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE  
         2019              2020              2019             2020      

Personnel related costs

     4,303           22.3  

External marketing expenses

     3,526           18.3  

Amortization of intangible assets

     1,873           9.7  

Other

     1,160                            6.0                   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Sales and Marketing Expenses

     10,862           56.3  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel related costs include commercial, marketing and content functions. External marketing expenses include pay-per-click advertising and other marketing activities. Amortization of intangible assets relates to amortization of domains, apps and customer contracts. Other expenses include external service providers and software licenses.

Technology Expenses

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019,

(in thousands)
     AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE  
           2019                  2020                  2019                 2020        

Personnel related costs

     2,225           11.5  

Other

     273                            1.4                   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Technology Expenses

     2,498           12.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel related costs include software, web, and business intelligence technology functions. Other expenses include hosting, software licenses, depreciation, and external service providers.

 

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General and Administrative Expenses

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019,
(in thousands)
     AS A PERCENTAGE OF REVENUE  
         2019              2020                   2019                       2020           

Personnel related costs

     1,757           9.1  

Depreciation of property and equipment

     105                            0.5  

Amortization of right-of-use assets

     243           1.3                   

Short term leases

     630           3.3  

Legal and consultancy fees

     460           2.4  

Non-recurring costs related to lease termination

     121           0.6  

Other

     897           4.7  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total General and Administrative Expense

     4,213           21.9  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Personnel related costs include directors and executive management, finance, and human resource functions. Amortization of right-of-use assets relates to amortization of leases under IFRS 16. Short term leases relate to lease and other property expenses not classified as right-of-use assets. Legal and consultancy fees include fees for external auditors, tax, and legal advisors. Non-recurring costs include relates to lease termination costs. Other expenses include office expenses and travel and entertainment expenses.

Financial Items

Finance income of $140 is mainly comprised of translation gains of balances of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than each entity’s functional currency.

Finance expense in the aggregate of $2,475 is comprised of interest expense of $2,008 on our senior secured bonds due in October 2021, or the 2021 Bonds, and early redeemed as per December 29, 2020 and our convertible promissory notes, or the 2019 Convertible Notes, fully redeemed on maturity as per June 30, 2019, interest expense on lease liabilities of $211 on our long-term lease liabilities (as a result of IFRS 16 application), $148 of translation losses on balances of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than each entity’s functional currency, and $108 of other finance expenses related to the senior secured bond.

Losses on financial liability at fair value through profit and loss comprised of movement in the fair value of the 2021 Bonds of $94 as determined by market quotes.

Taxation

We are subject to income taxes in Malta, Ireland and the U.S. Tax charges amounted to $872 of which $452 related to movements in deferred taxes. Deferred taxes relate to the difference between the accounting and tax base as a result of amortization and would only become due upon the divestment of such intangible assets. As of December 31, 2019, we had cumulative carried forward tax losses of $25,950.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity have been cash generated from operations, equity investments by third parties and borrowings. As of December 31, 2019, our cash deposited in banks was $6.99 million, primarily in accounts with banks in Sweden and the U.S., which have credit ratings (long term, as assessed by Moody’s) of Aa2 and A2, respectively. Historically, our fundraising efforts generally related to the expansion of our business through acquisitions and continued development of our platform.

On October 22, 2018, we issued the 2021 Bonds. Of the total principal amount, $17,665 was sold to investors at par, and the remaining $560 was purchased by us and initially held in treasury and was sold to investors in May 2019. The 2021 Bonds had a fixed interest rate of 10.5% paid semi-annually on April 22 and October 22. The 2021 Bonds were listed on Nasdaq Stockholm on December 4, 2018. The 2021 Bonds were secured by our shares in material subsidiaries and intergroup loans. The 2021 Bonds included a voluntary early redemption embedded call

 

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option that allowed us to redeem the 2021 Bonds starting April 22, 2020. The redemption price included a premium, which varied from 1.05% up to 5.25% depending on the period when the embedded call option was exercised by us. As of December 31, 2019, we had $17,974 of the 2021 Bonds outstanding carried at fair value of $18,611 of which $18,242 is non-current and $369 is current.

Through October 2019 we made redemption payments for Notes of $4,480 of which $1,541 related to payments for Notes that had been redeemed in 2018 and $2,939 related to redemption on maturity of all remaining outstanding convertible Notes issued in 2017.

On October 18, 2019, we closed an agreement with Edison Partners IX, LP, or Edison Partners, for a growth equity investment of $15,500, of which $6,975 was new equity and warrants. Subsequently, we secured an additional $500 equity investment from a third party in the beginning of 2020.

Through March 2020, we repurchased on the open market 2021 Bonds with a nominal value of $4,722. The repurchased 2021 Bonds were initially held in treasury and subsequently cancelled. On December 29, 2020, we fully redeemed the remaining 2021 Bonds at 103.15% plus accrued interest which totaled $15,080.

During the second quarter of 2020, we received a $180 loan from an unsecured bank loan in the U.S. in connection with the COVID-19 paycheck protection program, or the PPP loan. The PPP loan is unsecured, repayable in monthly instalments from April 2021 till May 2022, and bears interest at 1% p.a.

On December 7, 2020, we closed a share subscription agreement with Charles Gillespie, Kevin McCrystle, Mark Blandford, Edison Partners, and other parties thereto for a growth equity investment of $3,000 in new equity.

In December 2020, we and an investor entered into a $6,000 two-year term loan carrying interest at 8%, or the term loan. The term loan is secured by shares in our subsidiaries.

We estimate based on cash on hand, cash generated from operations and proceeds from additional financings, that we will have adequate liquidity to fund operations for at least twelve months from the issuance date of our consolidated financial statements.

Working Capital

Our working capital is mainly comprised of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables and trade and other payables. As of December 31, 2019, our working capital equaled $7,008 comprising of cash and cash equivalents of $6,992 and trade and other receivables of $2,367 less trade and other payables of $1,181, borrowings and accrued interest of $369, lease liability of $393 and income tax payable of $408. Our trade and other receivables are amounts due from customers for services performed in the ordinary course of business. Such balances are typically classified as current. Our trade and other payables are obligations to pay for services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. We believe that our current working capital is sufficient to support our operations for the next twelve months.

Cash Flow Analysis

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the period indicated:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31,  
             2019                     2020          
     (in thousands)  

Net cash generated by operating activities

     4,004                     

Cash flows used in investing activities

     (1,721  

Net cash generated by financing activities

     316    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     2,599    
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net Cash Provided from Operating Activities

Cash flow from operating activities in 2019 was primarily attributable to cash from operations due to strong cash conversion and amounted to $3,826 and $178 from positive changes in working capital.

 

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Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities in 2019 included a final cash payment made for mobile apps acquired in 2018 of $1,526 and office equipment purchases of $195.

Net Cash Provided from Financing Activities

Cash generated from financing activities in 2019 was the result of the issue of ordinary shares and warrants of $6,822, repayments of Notes of $4,480, scheduled interest payments of $2,246, interest received of $24, and proceeds received from the sale of 2021 Bonds held in treasury of $560. Rent payments for long term leases of $364 are presented as part of financing cash flows as a result of application of IFRS 16 and comprised of principal paid of $164 and interest paid of $189.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures in 2019 consisted of a final cash payment for mobile apps acquired in 2018 of $1,526 as well as computer software and office equipment purchases of $195.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our operations are exposed to a variety of financial risks: market and currency risk, interest rate risk, contractual risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. Our overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on our financial performance.

Risk management is carried out by management under policies approved by our board. Management identifies and evaluates financial risks in close co-operation with our operating segment. Our board of directors provides principles for overall risk management, as well as policies covering specific areas, such as interest rate risk, non-derivative financial instruments and investment of excess liquidity.

In common with all other businesses, we are exposed to risks that arise from our use of financial instruments. Further quantitative information in respect of these risks is presented throughout our consolidated financial statements.

Market and Currency Risk

Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from changes in market factors such as interest rates and foreign exchange rates.

We have exposure to foreign currency risk. Sales invoicing to customers is primarily in U.K. Pounds Sterling and Euro, and the majority of outgoing payments are in Euro and U.S. dollar payments. The 2021 Bonds are denominated in Euro and our cash balances are primarily in U.S. dollar.

Our board of directors carefully monitors exchange rate fluctuations and reviews their impact on our net assets and position. Exchange rates are negotiated with our main provider of banking services as and when needed. We do not enter into any derivative financial instruments to manage our exposure to foreign currency risk.

The carrying amount of our foreign currency denominated monetary assets and monetary liabilities and details of the exposure as at December 31, 2019 are shown in Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements.

Transaction exposure relates to business transactions denominated in foreign currency required by operations (purchasing and selling) and/or financing (interest and amortization). Translation exposure relates to net investments in foreign operations.

After the balance sheet date, we have seen significant macro-economic uncertainty as a result of COVID-19. The scale and duration of this development remains uncertain and could impact our earnings and cash flow. As part of our risk management process, we are closely monitoring the situation, including factors as outlined in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements as it relates to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern.

 

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Transaction Exposure Sensitivity

In most cases, our customers are billed in their respective local currency. Major payments, such as salaries, consultancy fees, and rental fees are settled in local currencies.

The table below shows the immediate impact on net income before tax of a 10% strengthening in the closing exchange rate of significant currencies to which we had exposure at December 31, 2019. The impact on net loss is due primarily to monetary assets and liabilities in a transactional currency other than the functional currency of the entity. The sensitivity associated with a 10% weakening of a particular currency would be equal and opposite. This assumes that each currency moves in isolation.

 

 

 

INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN NET INCOME BEFORE TAX (IN THOUSANDS):

   USD      GBP  

December 31, 2019

     628        120  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

December 31, 2020

     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

Interest Rate Risk

We have minimal exposure to interest rate risk. We are exposed to interest rate risk on some of our financial assets (being its cash at bank balances). The board of directors currently believe that interest rate risk is at an acceptable level.

The 2021 Bonds had a fixed interest rate of 10.5% and therefore were not exposed to fluctuations in interest rates. The term loan and the PPP loan have fixed interest rates of 8% and 1%, respectively.

Due to our minimal exposure to interest rate risk, we have not prepared any sensitivity analysis.

Contractual Risk

In the ordinary course of business, we contract with various parties. These contracts may include performance obligations, indemnities and contractual commitments. Management monitors our performance and any relevant counterparties against such contractual conditions to mitigate the risk of material, adverse non-compliance.

Credit Risk

Credit risk is the financial loss if a customer or counterparty to financial instruments fails to meet its contractual obligation. Credit risk arises from our cash and cash equivalents and trade and other balances. The concentration of our credit risk is considered by counterparty, geography and currency. We give careful consideration to which organizations we use for our banking services in order to minimize credit risk.

We use forward-looking information in our analysis of expected credit losses for all instruments, which is limited to the carry value of cash and cash equivalents and trade and other balances. Our management considers the above measures to be sufficient to control the credit risk exposure.

Liquidity Risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that we will not be able to meet our financial obligations as they fall due. This risk relates to our prudent liquidity risk management and implies maintaining sufficient cash. Ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management rests with our board of directors. Our board of directors manages liquidity risk by regularly reviewing our cash requirements by reference to short-term cash flow forecasts and medium-term working capital projections prepared by management.

 

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The table below summarizes the maturity profile of our financial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments as at December 31, 2019 (in thousands USD):

 

 

 

     LESS THAN
1 YEAR
     1- 3 YEARS      3-5 YEARS      MORE THAN
5 YEARS
     TOTAL  

Senior secured bonds due in 2021

     1,887        19,862                      21,749  

Lease liabilities

     393        381        2,130               2,904  

Trade and other payables

     1,181                             1,181  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total:

     3,461        20,243        2,130               25,834  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

Capital Risk

Our capital structure is comprised entirely of shareholders’ equity, including share capital, share premium and accumulated deficits.

Our objective when managing capital is to maintain adequate financial flexibility to preserve our ability to meet financial obligations, both current and long term. Our capital structure is managed and adjusted to reflect changes in economic conditions.

We fund our expenditures on commitments from existing cash and cash equivalent balances.

Financing decisions are made by our board of directors based on forecasts of the expected timing and level of capital and operating expenditure required to meet our commitments and development plans.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We identified material weaknesses in our internal control environment over financial reporting. These control deficiencies could result in a misstatement of our accounts or disclosures that would result in a material misstatement of our financial results that would not be prevented or detected. The material weaknesses related to (i) our lack of a sufficient number of personnel with an appropriate level of knowledge and experience in the application of IFRS, commensurate with our financial reporting requirements and (ii) the fact that policies and procedures with respect to the review, supervision and monitoring of our accounting and reporting functions were either not designed and in place or not operating effectively. As a result, numerous adjustments to our consolidated financial statements were identified and made during the course of the audit.

We have initiated a number of steps designed to assist us in remediating the material weakness including: (i) adopting a more rigorous period-end review process for financial reporting; (ii) adopting improved period close processes and accounting processes; (iii) implementing a new ERP platform; and (iv) adding additional resources with sufficient accounting knowledge. While we have designed and are implementing new controls to remediate this material weakness, they have not operated for a sufficient period of time to demonstrate the material weakness has been remediated. We cannot assure you that the measures we have taken to date will be sufficient to remediate the material weakness we identified or avoid the identification of additional material weaknesses in the future. If the steps we take do not remediate the material weakness in a timely manner, there could continue to be a reasonable possibility that this control deficiency or others could result in a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements that would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in conformity with IFRS. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires us to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and amounts reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. Our estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about the

 

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carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

We review our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

An accounting policy is considered critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time such estimate is made, and if different accounting estimates that reasonably could have been used, or changes in the accounting estimates that are reasonably likely to occur, could materially impact the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the following accounting policies involve the most complex judgments concerning assumptions and estimates with the greatest potential impact on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates. For further information on all of our significant accounting policies, see the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

Asset Acquisitions

Between September 2016 and February 2018, we made five separate acquisitions of intellectual property consisting of domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps and content, and customer contracts. Effective January 1, 2019, we early adopted the amended definition of the business in IFRS 3 with retrospective application to prior acquisitions. As amended, IFRS 3 defines a business as an integrated set of activities and assets, which must include at a minimum an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. Entities are also allowed to perform an optional concentration test. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar assets, the acquired integrated set does not constitute a business.

All our acquisitions satisfied the requirements of the concentration test, as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in the domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps, and content. In addition, no substantive processes were included in any of the acquisitions. When no workforce is acquired, a process is considered substantive when it is unique or scarce. We did not acquire any workforce, and promptly transitioned the acquired assets onto its technology platform, integrating them into its existing processes. The legacy processes underlying the acquired assets were not unique or scarce, as they were based on commercially available Internet technologies and did not incorporate any substantive know-how. We concluded that all prior acquisitions were acquisitions of assets, and that early adoption of the amended definition of the business in IFRS 3 did not have any quantifiable impact on the assessment of the acquisitions.

Indefinite Life Intangible Assets

Our acquired domain names, together with the related assets, are assigned an indefinite useful life when there is evidence based on the analysis of the applicable market trends and circumstances, management plans, expected usage and information about the ongoing cash inflows that the asset will be able to generate cash flows to us for an indefinite period. Indefinite-life intangibles are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually as of December 31. In addition, we reassess in each period the assumptions underlying the useful life of indefinite-life intangible assets and assigns such assets a finite life if indicated by changes in the applicable facts and circumstances. Finite-life domain names and the related assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated period during which they are expected to continue to generate cash flows for us.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we had three domain name intangibles with indefinite useful life and the aggregate carrying value of USD 18,434. We also had one finite-life mobile apps intangible asset, which was amortized over its useful life of 48 months and had a carrying value of USD 4,838 at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, we concluded that no changes to the useful lives of these assets were necessary.

Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment annually at December 31. For the purposes of impairment assessment, assets are grouped at the lowest level which generates cash inflows that are largely

 

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independent of the cash inflows of the remaining assets (cash-generating units). Substantially all of our cash inflows are generated through the use of our technology platform which is monetized via various informational portals that include domain names, websites and mobile apps. Accordingly, we determined that we have one cash-generating unit that includes all of our intangibles, property and equipment, and right of use assets.

As of December 31, 2019, we tested our indefinite-life intangible assets for impairment as part of our single cash generating unit. The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit was based on the cash flow projections reflecting actual income from operations in 2019, and projected cash flows for 2020 - 2024 in which an average annual rate of growth between 8% and 32% was assumed and a long-term sustainable growth rate of 3% was applied. The projected cash flows were discounted using a pre-tax discount rate of 14.6%. The effective tax rate was estimated at 24%. The methods for determining the significant inputs and assumptions are based on experience and expectations regarding market performance.

We concluded that the recoverable amount is well in excess of the assets’ carrying amount, and accordingly a sensitivity analysis in this regard is not disclosed. Consequently, we concluded no impairment charges were necessary.

When a triggering event arises, it may be necessary to test an asset for impairment at an individual asset level. This is the case when the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use are both negligible. As at December 31, 2019, we had one domain name intangible asset that had been impaired, with the impairment loss recognized, in a prior period. As of December 31, 2019, no additional intangible assets met the criteria to be tested at the individual asset level.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

We entered into a senior secured bond arrangement in October 2018 with third parties. The bonds have an embedded early redemption derivative, and we elected to measure senior secured bonds at fair value through profit and loss. The fair value of the bonds is categorized as Level 1 and was determined using market quoted prices, after considering whether any adjustments may be required, for example, due to timing differences between the market transaction dates and the valuation dates. No adjustments to market quoted prices were required during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Warrants issued with common shares are measured at fair value at the date of issue using the Black-Scholes pricing model or binominal pricing model, and incorporate certain input assumptions including the warrant price, risk-free interest rate, expected warrant life and expected share price volatility. The fair value is included in the share options and warrants reserve component of equity and is transferred to share capital and capital reserve on exercise.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

We have applied the following new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that are mandatory for our accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.

Impact of Initial Application of IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ replaced IAS 17 ‘Leases’ along with three Interpretations (International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) 4 ‘Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease,’ Standard Interpretations Committee (“SIC”) 15 ‘Operating Leases-Incentives’ and SIC 27 ‘Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease’).

The contracts within the scope of IFRS 16 are our office premises. Before adoption of IFRS 16, we classified each of our leases (as lessee) as an operating lease. In an operating lease under IAS 17, no asset is capitalized related to the leased property, and the lease payments are recognized as an expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is more appropriate.

The adoption of IFRS 16, which was effective January 1, 2019, resulted in us recognizing a right-of-use asset and related lease liability in connection with all former operating leases except for those identified as low-value, short term leases, or having a remaining lease term of less than 12 months from the date of initial application.

 

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The new standard has been applied using the modified retrospective approach. For contracts in place at the date of initial application, we elected to use the practical expedient allowing IFRS 16 to be applied only to contracts that were previously identified as leases under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4; consequently, we did not reassess whether a contract is or contains a lease at the adoption date. Lease liabilities at the initial recognition are measured at the present value of the lease payments remaining as at January 1, 2019, discounted at our weighted average incremental borrowing rate at that date. The incremental borrowing rate was 10.50%.

We elected not to include initial direct costs in the measurement of the right-of-use asset for operating leases in existence at the date of initial application of IFRS 16. The right-of-use assets upon the initial recognition during the year ended December 31, 2019 were $2,187 and were equal to the lease liabilities, as no prepaid or accrued lease payments existed at the date of initial application.

Application of IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

On January 1, 2019, we adopted IFRIC 23 ‘Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments’. The Interpretation clarifies the application of the recognition and measurement criteria in IAS 12 ‘Income Taxes’ when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The Interpretation specifically addresses the following:

 

   

Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments;

 

   

The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities;

 

   

How an entity determines taxable profits (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits, and tax rates; and

 

   

How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances.

According to this Interpretation, in assessing the uncertainty, it is assumed that the tax authority will have full knowledge of all information related to the matter.

We assessed whether the Interpretation had an impact on our consolidated financial statements and concluded that there are no uncertain tax positions that were not probable of being accepted by the relevant tax authorities as at January 1, 2019 and during the year ended December 31, 2019. As a result, we consider that our current accounting policies for estimating uncertain tax positions are in line with IFRIC 23. The Interpretation did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Early Application of the Definition of a Business, Amendments to IFRS 3, Business Combinations

In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to the definition of a business in IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’. The amendments are intended to assist entities in determining whether a transaction should be accounted for as a business combination or as an asset acquisition. As amended, IFRS 3 defines a business as an integrated set of activities and assets, which must include at a minimum an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. Entities are also allowed to perform an optional concentration test. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar assets, the acquired integrated set does not constitute a business.

The amendments to IFRS 3 must be applied to transactions that are either business combinations or asset acquisitions for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after January 1, 2020. Earlier application of the amendments is permitted, and retrospective application is not prohibited.

We adopted this amendment retrospectively with application to our prior acquisitions. Between September 2016 and February 2018, we made five acquisitions of intellectual property consisting of domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps and content, and customer contracts. All acquisitions satisfied the requirements of the concentration test as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in the domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps and content. In addition, no substantive processes were included in any of the acquisitions. We concluded that all prior acquisitions were acquisitions of assets. The retrospective application of this amendment to IFRS 3 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

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Other standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards which became effective at January 1, 2019 have limited or no impact on the Group’s financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

There were a number of standards and interpretations which were issued but not yet effective at December 31, 2019 and have not been adopted for these consolidated financial statements. These amendments are not expected to have a significant impact on disclosures or amounts reported in our consolidated financial statements in the period of initial application.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 2020:

 

   

Amendments to references to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards

 

   

Definition of material (Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8)

 

   

Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7, Interest Rate Benchmark Reform

 

   

Amendment to IFRS 16, COVID-19-Related Rent Concessions

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 2022:

 

   

Amendments to IAS 16, Proceeds before Intended Use

 

   

Amendments to IAS 37, Onerous Contracts—Cost of Fulfilling a Contract

 

   

Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020

 

   

Fees in the ‘10 per cent’ test for derecognition of financial liabilities

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 2023:

 

   

Amendments to IAS 1, Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current

 

   

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2, Disclosure of Accounting Policies

 

   

Amendments to IAS 8, Definition of Accounting Estimates

Effective date to be confirmed:

 

   

Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28: Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture

 

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INDUSTRY AND MARKET DATA

The Online Gambling Industry

According to the H2 Global Report, the global online gambling market size (locally regulated and offshore) was estimated to be $65 billion in 2019, growing from $41 billion in 2015. According to the same report, the market is expected to further grow to $112 billion by 2025, with a CAGR of 10% from 2019 to 2025. The market’s increasing scale stems from a variety of distinct drivers including an increasing acceptance of online gambling as a mainstream leisure activity, the emergence of regulated markets and improved product experiences enabled by advancing technology. Despite the significant overall growth of online gambling, the development of the industry within different markets varies. Growth rates in recently regulated markets, such as the North America, are higher than relatively mature markets like the U.K.

Transition to Online Gambling from Traditional Land-Based Gambling

According to the H2 Global Report, as of September 2020, the global land-based gambling market has also seen exceptional growth, from a market size of $330 billion in 2009 to $414 billion in 2019. This growth and outright market size highlight the strong consumer demand for gambling in general. As technology enables easier access, online gambling is increasingly accessible to players outside of traditional land-based settings. Gambling has transitioned to online platforms just like other large consumer industries such as music, movies and newspapers. Some forms of gambling, such as poker, betting on sports and buying lottery tickets, are natively more at home on computers and mobile devices due to their transactional nature. We believe poker and lottery players as well as sports bettors are better served by well-designed mobile apps than retail outlets. Even casino games have made an elegant digital transition with online slots driving more revenue than any other online segment when available, just as they do in a land-based gambling environment. Globally, the online gambling industry has primarily developed in Europe, led by the U.K. which formally regulated online gambling with the 2005 Gambling Act. Online gambling in the U.S. is significantly underdeveloped compared to other OECD economies. The attention of the global online gambling industry has increasingly turned to the U.S. since 2018, when a Supreme Court decision unblocked the ability of individual states to regulate sports betting within their jurisdictions.

In addition to the long-term secular trend towards online gambling at the expense of land-based gambling, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced an acceleration of digital technology adoption and online experiences broadly. Land-based casinos in some of the world’s largest gambling markets have been closed by public health measures, leaving consumers seeking a substitute product. Although land-based casinos and other physical gambling facilities are likely to reopen as public health measures ease, we believe the exposure to online gambling has led to sustained significant customer base growth and increased awareness.

Increased Internet Penetration and Faster Mobile Technology

Access to the Internet has increased substantially in emerging markets while transfer speeds have continued to grow in developed markets. Meanwhile, consumers are more comfortable with online payments thanks to an increasing number of payment options and online wallets. Smartphone development has improved at high speed giving many users high quality Internet access via relatively inexpensive devices. According to a September 2020 report by Analytics Insight, four billion people around the world currently use smartphones.

According to a February 2020 U.K. Gambling Commission report, the most popular device used to access online gambling in 2019 was mobile phones, increasing 6% from the year before, as opposed to the use of desktop and laptop computers which declined by 6%. Online gambling operators invest heavily in their mobile applications to have a best-in-class mobile user experience. The proliferation of high-quality Internet access and inexpensive, powerful smartphones bodes well for the overall development of all digital commerce, including online gambling.

Regulation of Online Gambling

As the global online gambling market grows, many countries around the world are reviewing their regulatory systems for both land-based and online gambling in the context of a new, digital world. Many jurisdictions do not have dedicated legislation or regulatory frameworks to address online gambling and thus the industry operates within a

 

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legal gray zone. As jurisdictions implement online gambling regulations for the first time or incrementally expand existing regulation, both established and start-up online gambling operators move swiftly to apply for licenses and enter these new markets. Policymakers are incentivized by the prospects of raising more tax revenue but an even more compelling reason to regulate is to protect local consumers by ensuring only suitable online gambling operators gain market access. As many jurisdictions face budget shortfalls from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, new sources of tax revenue are increasingly attractive. Online gambling, in particular, is an appropriate source as it can be pursued while respecting social distancing and public health guidelines. A gradual but consistent pace of regulation over the past 15 years has seen over 80% of OECD member countries now locally regulate some form of online gambling.

The U.S. Online Gambling Industry

Gambling has been a popular activity in the U.S. for decades, with the land-based gambling market reaching a size of $116 billion in 2019, contributing 28% to the global market, according to the H2 Global Report. We believe that the significant, established consumer demand for land-based gambling in the U.S. bodes well for online gambling. According to the same report, despite minimal regulation until 2018, the U.S. online gambling market was already the fourth largest in the world by 2019 (excluding offshore).

In the past, OECD peer countries that have legalized online gambling saw the online gambling as a percentage of total gambling in the country overtake the percentage of land-based gambling as players came online. According to the H2 Global Report, in 2019, online gambling made up 33% of the total gambling market in Ireland, 45% of the total gambling market in the U.K., and 59% of the total gambling market in Sweden. According to the H2 Global Report, in the U.S., only 2% of total gambling was online in 2019, suggesting an immense potential for the market at maturity if the percentage of online gambling follows similar proportional trends of other mature OECD markets such as the United Kingdom. H2 Gambling Capital reports that the U.K. online gambling market represented only 5% of the total gambling market in 2003 before growing to 45% in 2019 and estimates the market will grow to 59% by 2025. In comparison, the European and the global online gambling market represented only 2% and 3% of the total gambling market in 2003, 26% and 14% in 2019 and are estimated to grow to 33% and 20% in 2025, respectively. We believe that the U.K.’s strong growth serves as a proxy for the U.S. market’s potential.

Most jurisdictions that regulate online gambling have a national regulatory regime. Unlike these jurisdictions, gambling in the U.S. is regulated by state. Regulatory development of land-based gambling in the U.S. has taken decades to get to its current level. New Jersey legalized gambling in 1976, becoming the second state behind Nevada. By 1990, just seven states in the U.S. offered commercial casinos, and by 2011, thirty-eight states offered

casinos of some form (tribal or commercial). By 2020, forty states were home to some form of legal land-based

casino (tribal or commercial), illustrating the significant time it took to develop the $100 billion plus

market that it is today.

In contrast, online gambling has developed with a much faster regulatory pace. The PASPA prohibited certain states from authorizing sports betting activities at the local level. Since the U.S. Supreme Court invalidated the PASPA in May of 2018, state legislators have been rushing to enact legislation for sports betting as well as iGaming. By the end of 2018, nine states had legalized either online or retail sports betting. As of December 31, 2020, five states have legalized both iGaming and sports betting, fifteen states (including the District of Columbia) have legalized online sports betting, and nine states have legalized retail sports betting. In less than three years, online gambling regulation has covered the same ground that took land-based gambling decades. The New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement reported in December 2020 that New Jersey, the first state to launch sports betting after the PASPA, generated $972 million of gross gaming revenue during 2020, highlighting how quickly new states can grow once regulated. We expect more and more states to continue to recognize the opportunity to regulate and are hopeful that the pace of regulation will not slow until an overwhelming majority of Americans have access to legal online gambling services.

 

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Additionally, during the COVID-19 pandemic, state tax revenue from land-based gaming has decreased due to public health measures which have seen many gambling establishments closed. Regulation of online gambling gives states dependent on tax revenue from land-based gaming a more diverse tax base to cope with any future disruptions. The map below illustrates the current state of U.S. regulation of online gambling as of March 2021.

 

 

LOGO

When a new state permits online gambling, new market potential is unlocked. According to the H2 Global Report, with the increased legalization of states and growing popularity of online gambling, the U.S. online gambling market (excluding offshore) is expected to grow to at least $15 billion by 2025 at a compound annual growth rate 39.4% for the period 2019 to 2025, the highest rate of any country over the same period as shown in the first chart below. We estimate that the overall market could grow to $69 billion if 100% of U.S. states were to legalize iGaming and online sports betting. The second chart below illustrates the estimate of U.S. online gambling market at maturity.

 

 

LOGO

 

 

LOGO

We believe that this growth potential makes the U.S. one of the most desired expansion targets for online gambling operators. As states legalize online gambling, online gambling operators must obtain licenses to conduct online business within each state—which can be costly. We believe that these online gambling operators are likely to make additional investments in marketing and advertising to justify and amortize the initial entry cost of market access. As a result, we believe this creates significant demand for marketing channels which almost always includes an online gambling affiliate strategy.

 

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The Online Gambling Affiliates Industry

Online gambling operators invest a significant portion of their revenue in marketing their brands to attract new online gamblers. We estimate that approximately 45% of online gambling operator revenue will be spent on marketing each year as operators seek to establish their brands based on the historical marketing spend of DraftKings, Rush Street Interactive and Golden Nugget Online Gaming. In many cases, the services offered by online gambling operators are similar or even identical as they are powered behind the scenes by the same slate of third party B2B service providers such as Evolution Gaming and Net Entertainment. This leaves many online gambling operators, particularly smaller ones, with few options to diversify their actual services. With most operational activities outsourced to these vendors, online gambling operators focus more heavily on marketing and advertising to drive new user acquisition. In addition to online and offline marketing channels, online gambling operators engage online gambling affiliates as their marketing partners. Online gambling affiliates direct traffic to the online gambling operator’s websites and mobile apps through a variety of channels, primarily via their informational websites that publish news, odds and an abundance of product information for consumers to compare the various options available in the marketplace. Online gambling affiliates have been an important fixture of the online gambling industry since its inception in 1996. Historically, online gambling affiliates were responsible for 40% of iGaming revenues, according to a May 2018 Kepler Cheuvreux report.

As the number of online gambling operators increases, the demand for marketing services grows as each online gambling operator strives to capture larger market share. As a source of new customers, online gambling affiliates often form the basis of many online gambling operators’ marketing strategies. Online gambling affiliates benefit from the mismatch between insatiable demand for traffic from online gambling operators and a finite inventory of highly targeted, high intent traffic available at any given time. For online gambling operators, acquiring traffic from an online gambling affiliate is a zero-sum game, e.g., if they do not purchase the traffic, the traffic will instead be sold to one of their competitors. In turn, these factors give online gambling affiliates with high-quality traffic substantial pricing power. Compensation paid to online gambling affiliates by the online gambling operators is almost universally done on a performance basis—the value that the online gambling affiliate creates for their operating partners. Commonly used commercial models include an ongoing share of the NGR produced by each player referred by the online gambling affiliate (in most cases for the lifetime of the player) known as the revenue share model, or a single cash payment per NDC referred by the affiliate (subject to certain conditions) known as the CPA model. Increasingly deals are struck with elements of both CPA and revenue share models, known as the hybrid model.

Online gambling operators tend to favor the online gambling affiliate channel as an attractive low-to-no risk investment for their marketing budget. With online gambling affiliate model, the online gambling operator takes minimal risk in terms of their investment in the online gambling affiliate channel. Even better, the online gambling operator does not need to pay out of pocket to the online gambling affiliates until the online gambling operators have already received funds from the referred players. The excellent risk and return profile and positive cash-flow dynamics have made the online gambling affiliate channel an enduring and prominent part of the online gambling industry.

Online consumers researching new products and services typically rely on search engines to begin their consumer journey. The online gambling industry is no different. Consumers use a myriad of different queries to search for online gambling content. Many of these consumers originating from search engines are actively searching for their next online gambling destination. Other consumers may, for example, simply be checking up on their favorite sports team. Understanding users’ search intent and effectively working with search engines is key to success in the online gambling affiliate industry. Online gambling affiliates acquire traffic from search engines in one of two ways:

From clicks on organic search engine rankings. These rankings form the basis of most search engines’ results pages. Organic search rankings are achieved and maintained via SEO. Efficient SEO requires investment in high quality content, user-friendly website design, website speed and public relations among other things but does not involve paying the search engines directly.

From clicks on paid advertisements located on the search engines’ results pages. Advertisers directly pay the search engines on a pay-per-click, or PPC, basis for such traffic and may otherwise invest in their websites to efficiently handle the acquired traffic.

Online gambling affiliates tend to be smaller, nimbler and exclusively focused on the digital marketing of their products compared to their online gambling operator customers. For these reasons, online gambling affiliates have

 

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historically managed to compete with and sometimes outflank the online gambling operators in obtaining many of the most desirable organic search rankings for the most valuable search queries. Online gambling affiliates also go toe to toe with online gambling operators in terms of acquiring traffic directly via PPC. Online gambling affiliates have historically succeeded with either SEO or PPC, but not both.

As a market develops, the volume of gambling related searches increases dramatically as awareness of the industry and its services grows. Consumer search patterns also begin to shift as their searches grow more specific and consumers gain more familiarity with the nature of the online gambling market available to them. At the onset of a new market, customers seek basic information about the launch of the market and do not hesitate to try the first product offered to them. As the market further develops, consumers become aware that the marketplace offers a variety of options. More informed consumers then begin to search for product or vertical specific queries which are best fielded by online gambling affiliate websites showcasing a variety of products. For example, a consumer searching for ‘online sportsbook’ will likely be satisfied by locating any single online sportsbook service. As a market moves past its initial stage of basic search parameters, the same consumer may instead search for more detailed queries such as ‘best online sportsbooks’ which represents a fundamentally different search intent. It is at this stage of the market, where consumers start to open and maintain several distinct accounts at online gambling companies, where the online gambling affiliate model’s value proposition really starts to shine.

Historically, online gambling affiliates were responsible for 40% of iGaming revenues, according to a May 2018 Kepler Cheuvreux report. According to U.K. Gambling Commission survey data for the year 2019, the average online gambler in the U.K. maintained 2.7 accounts and 56% of online gamblers had more than one account. The propensity for some users to maintain a significant number of accounts is a great opportunity for online gambling affiliates. Sports bettors and poker players tend to play for longer than iGaming consumers and therefore may, over time, represent higher value per NDC. While there are a number of unique aspects to the U.S. online gambling market, we largely expect the U.S. market to adopt the same features and characteristics of the more mature online gambling markets outside the U.S. which have existed for decades.

Despite a boom in acquisitions of online gambling affiliate businesses from 2015 to 2018 leading to meaningful consolidation, the sector remains highly fragmented. The largest online gambling affiliates only hold a small share of the global online gambling affiliate market. Across all markets, we do not believe that even the largest online gambling affiliate has more than a 5% share globally, based on 2020 revenue for three market leading operators (Better Collective, Catena Media, and us) as a percentage of estimated global affiliate market size in 2020. Our largest competitors include Better Collective and Catena Media, both of which are publicly traded on the Nasdaq Stockholm market.

Online gambling operators prioritize the online gambling affiliate channel to varying degrees based on their go-to-market strategy. While an online gambling operator’s reliance on the online gambling affiliate channel varies, virtually all online gambling operators will maintain an active online gambling affiliate program.

Having endured over 20 years of seismic changes in the landscape of the Internet, from the social media revolution to the smartphone era, the online gambling affiliate model has not only survived but thrived. Ultimately, consumers are attracted by a “deal,” and comparison shopping creates value for consumers at no cost. We see the online gambling affiliate model enduring well into the future.

The U.S. Online Gambling Affiliate Industry

U.S. online gambling affiliates are strongly positioned for growth with the broader U.S. market development and the maturation of the American online gambling consumer. Internationally established online gambling operators along with new U.S. specific online gambling operators are entering the U.S. market at high rates. The significant competition for market share offers online gambling affiliates a clear opportunity to help these companies establish market-leading positions. Based on applying the estimated 2023 New Jersey iGaming gross revenue per adult and online sports betting gross revenue per adult to the size of the estimated 2023 U.S. adult population, we estimate that the overall U.S. online gambling market could grow to $69 billion in the near term if all states legalize iGaming

 

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and online sports betting and could eventually grow even larger. iGaming is estimated to drive $43 billion of this market, while online sports betting is expected to generate the remaining $26 billion. Of this $69 billion, we estimate that approximately 28% will represent NGR generated through affiliates channels, and that approximately 46% of NGR generated by affiliates will be paid out to affiliates, based on a February 2019 research report by Pareto Securities. This suggests that the size of the online gambling affiliate market could be up to $9 billion in the U.S. at its maturity. In the coming years, online gambling operators will define success by increasing market share, not bottom-line profits. This will require online gambling operators to invest aggressively to acquire online gamblers across the market, resulting in high demand for online gambling affiliate services. The chart below illustrates the estimated U.S. online gambling market and U.S. online gambling affiliate market size at maturity.

 

 

LOGO

 

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BUSINESS

Overview

We are a multi-award-winning performance marketing company and a leading provider of digital marketing services active exclusively in the online gambling industry. Our principal focus is on iGaming and sports betting. Through our proprietary technology platform, we publish a portfolio of premier branded websites including Gambling.com and Bookies.com. We tailor each one of our websites to different user interests and markets within the online gambling industry by producing original content relating to the sector, such as news, odds, statistics, product reviews and product comparisons of locally available online gambling services. We attract online gamblers through online marketing efforts and refer these online gamblers to companies that are licensed by gambling regulators to provide real-money online gambling services, known as online gambling operators, who convert these potential online gamblers into actual paying players. In this way, we provide business-to-business, or B2B, digital marketing services to online gambling operators.

We are not a gambling company and do not offer any gambling services ourselves. We can alternatively be described as a lead generation company, an affiliate marketing company or simply an affiliate. Online gambling operators pay us to refer online gamblers to their services. In many ways, we are more akin to an online media company as our revenue is derived primarily from online marketing. We take high-value gambling industry domain names and develop them into market leaders.

We generate revenue by referring online gamblers to online gambling operators. When an online gambler visits an online gambling operator from one of our websites, registers a new account and makes a deposit, this online gambler becomes one of our referred players. Each of our referred players entitles us to remuneration pursuant to our agreements with the online gambling operator. Our agreements are primarily based on a revenue share model, a Cost Per Acquisition model (also referred to as CPA), or a combination of both.

To engage an audience of online gamblers, we own and operate 32 different websites in six languages across 13 national markets covering all aspects of the online gambling industry, which includes iGaming and sports betting. By consistently attracting online gamblers with high-quality content, we referred more than 78,000 players and over 100,000 players to online gambling operators in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We have increased our customer base from 111 in 2017 to over 200 in 2020.

We had revenues of $19.27 million and $         and Adjusted EBITDA of $3.75 million and $        in 2019 and 2020, respectively. We had a net loss of $1.90 million in 2019 and a net              of $         in 2020, respectively. We had Free Cash Flow of $2.28 million and $        in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Adjusted EBITDA and Free Cash Flow are non-IFRS financial measures and may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies and have limitations as analytical tools. For more information about our non-IFRS financial measures and reconciliations thereof to the most comparable respective IFRS measures, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-IFRS Financial Measures.”

Our Value Proposition

By delivering the high-quality content online gamblers need, we create value across the industry’s ecosystem, from player to online gambling operator.

Value to Online Gamblers. We help online gamblers start their consumer journey with confidence by providing a comprehensive set of resources to educate and inform online gamblers before they pick an online gambling operator.

Value to Online Gambling Operators. We provide a reliable and deep source of NDCs. Our performance-based compensation model and history of continued business with industry heavyweights speak to our reputation as a key partner in helping our customers meet their customer acquisition targets.

 

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Value to Online Gambling and Platform Providers. We create value for the entire online gambling ecosystem by powering the growth of online gambling operators.

Value to Gambling Regulators. By steadfastly following and helping to enforce the guidelines and policies of the regulators of the online gambling industry within 13 national markets, we help steer players away from black-market, offshore online gambling operators and toward locally-licensed, onshore operators.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe the following to be our core competitive strengths, which distinguish us significantly from our competitors and allow us to compete more effectively in the online gambling affiliate market.

Premier Branded Destinations. We take pride in our tightly managed network of 32 high quality websites which include the industry-defining website Gambling.com as well as the ideally-branded Bookies.com for the U.S. market. In comparison to some of our peers who operate thousands of websites of varying degrees of quality, our portfolio is much smaller and more tightly managed through common software systems. This strategy produces significantly more average revenue per website than our peers. By investing more into each individual website in our portfolio, we can ensure our websites get adequate resources to be leaders in their particular focus areas.

Our iconic website Gambling.com lends itself easily to branding efforts and creates instant credibility in the eyes of new consumers. We intend to continue to leverage this brand and its unique position to make it the definitive global leader in the online gambling affiliate market.

Strategic Presence in Growth Markets. We focus on legalized and soon-to-be legalized markets around the world. Currently, we publish content localized for more than eight European countries, North America and Oceania. Revenues in our established European markets have grown from $13.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to             for the year ended December 31, 2020 in respect of the U.K and Ireland and from $2.88 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         million for the year ended December 31, 2020 in respect of Other Europe. Identifying the growth opportunity of the North American market, in 2019 we opened an office in Charlotte, North Carolina and relocated our Chief Operating Officer, Kevin McCrystle, to lead our growth efforts in North America. With compound revenue growth of     % from 2019 to 2020, North America saw significant growth over the period.

High-Quality Customer Base Consisting of Major Online Gambling Operators. We have a robust client portfolio which includes most major online gambling operators from the U.S. and Europe. During the year ended December 31, 2021, we worked with over 200 online gambling operators including publicly-traded business such as DraftKings, Flutter Entertainment (FanDuel, PaddyPower, Betfair), Entain (BetMGM, Ladbrokes, bwin, partypoker), Kindred Group (Unibet, 32Red), Rush Street Interactive (Sugarhouse, BetRivers), William Hill, 888, Golden Nugget Online Gaming and PointsBet. While we prioritize deepening our relationships with our existing customers, we have also increased our number of customers from 111 in 2017 to over 200 in 2020. With an ever-growing base of customers, we are able to discover more high-quality customers with which we can build significant partnerships. In 2020, our reputation as an effective online gambling affiliate drew in over 450 inquiries from potential customers. We have not been ranked lower than eight on the eGaming Review, or EGR, Power Affiliates list since its inception in 2018.

Proven Track Record of Transforming Domains into Successful Businesses. We have the expertise and experience to transform high-value gambling industry domain names into high-performing websites. We acquired the Gambling.com domain name in 2011, with no business or revenue, and turned it into the globally recognized, market-leading brand that it is today, operating in nine markets and four languages. We have also developed the CasinoSource and SlotSource series of websites from nothing to websites with              million in sales in 2020. We leveraged all of our experience with Gambling.com to refine Bookies.com at a faster pace. Since we acquired Bookies.com in early 2018, we have transformed it into an all-inclusive platform focusing on sports betting in the U.S., with 55 contributors, positioning Bookies.com to benefit from the next wave of online gambling regulation in the U.S.

 

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Integrated Platforms Empowered by Technological Excellence. We have developed three proprietary software platforms to maximize operational efficiency in the delivery of our consumer websites. These platforms are used across our network and enable us to significantly reduce website loading times for visitors, efficiently organize and manage all of the content which appears on our websites and precisely optimize the placement of our customers’ messages across our network. We have never hesitated to invest in our own technical systems and believe we are at the forefront, compared to our peers, in terms of leveraging technology in general and artificial intelligence in particular to optimize our business.

Our ability to increase market share by continuing to deliver best in class content on our branded destinations depends on the effective implementation of search engine optimization, or SEO, strategies across our portfolio of websites, which itself depends in part on the efficient use of our technology platforms. SEO is the practice of optimizing websites so that they are favored by search engines, such as Google, to appear in top positions on the search engine results pages for particular search queries. The ranking of a website is determined by the search engine according to an algorithm which factors in thousands of different parameters including quality of content, website speed and how people engage with a website.

We have demonstrated time and again over our 15-year history that we are adept at building websites which are ranked favorably by search engines such as Google. Since the last significant update to Google’s search ranking algorithm in October 2020, our websites have featured even more prominently on average in the search engine’s results pages. We believe that Google and other search engines are increasingly adept at identifying the truly high-quality content that deserves prominence. Our investments in content, product and website delivery have thus naturally resulted in strong rankings without significant additional effort.

By leveraging our investments in technology, we can ensure that our team remains able to efficiently produce and publish high quality content which in turn serves to improve our SEO as high quality content is the most important factor in SEO success.

Experienced Leadership. We continue to be led by our founding team, Charles Gillespie and Kevin McCrystle, which have been with the company since our inception in 2006 and 2007, respectively. Mr. Gillespie is a recognized leader in the online gambling industry and was named Sports Betting Community Leader of the Year in 2019. He is cited regularly by business and industry media for his work in advocating for a free and open online gambling market in the U.S. Mr. McCrystle has led us to become a global performance marketing leader with a team of over 100 employees. He has developed and implemented our strategy for product, marketing, content and sales functions, as well as the integration of key acquisitions. Our co-founders’ technology-forward approach, strategic vision for growth and long-standing reputation as industry experts has led us to become one of the fastest-growing performance marketing companies for online gambling.

Proven History of Organic Growth and Continued High Organic Growth Potential. We have delivered significantly more organic growth than our peers which report publicly over the last three years. Our organic growth strategy focuses on perfecting our internal processes, technology, and products instead of relying on acquisitions. For the period from 2017 to 2020, we recognized a     % organic revenue CAGR compared to 14% for Better Collective, 8% for Catena Media and 5% for Raketech over the same period. Additionally, since 2018, we have maintained an average year-over-year quarterly organic growth rate of 33%, compared to 15% for Better Collective, 10% for Catena Media and 7% for Raketech. We have grown faster than our established global online gambling affiliate peers, which validates our focus on superior brands and technological excellence as the winning strategy. We expect our foundation of big brands and technological precision to continue to pay dividends over the long-term as we scale the business.

We expect that our established markets will continue to grow at a steady pace over the next few years. The combined market for online gambling in two of our largest, established markets, the U.K. and Ireland, is expected to grow at a CAGR of 6.2% from 2019 to 2025, according to the H2 Global Report. We expect that our operations in these countries will grow alongside these markets, supplementing the more dramatic growth we expect to deliver in our growth markets.

 

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According to the H2 Global Report, as of January 2021, the global online gambling industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10% from 2019 to 2025 (onshore and offshore). Even if we only maintain our current market share of the global online gambling affiliate market, we believe that we will continue to grow in line with the broader industry. We intend to grow our market share, which will further increase our growth. We currently have a robust portfolio of over 500 undeveloped gambling domain names for future projects, including premium domain names such as Bookmakers.com and FootballScores.com.

Our Growth Strategies

Key elements of our growth strategy include:

Expanding in the U.S. As states across the U.S. continue to legalize online gambling, we are laying the foundation for the U.S. market to eventually be our largest market by revenue. We are pursuing market share by deploying publishing assets on both a national and state-based level as well as adding U.S. content to our international destinations. As of December 31, 2020, we were approved to operate in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Colorado, Illinois, Tennessee, Indiana and Virginia. Our approval in Michigan is currently pending and we are actively pursuing licenses or approvals in all states where we expect a viable market.

Our revenue in North America has grown from $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 to $         for the year ended December 31, 2020. North America is the fastest growing market of our business over that period. In addition to growing our international flagship website Gambling.com, we intend to grow several U.S.-oriented websites, such as Bookies.com, TopUSCasinos.com, TopNJCasinos.com, VirginiaIsForBettors.com, GreatLakesStakes.com and PennStakes.com, to become the go-to resources for information on U.S. iGaming and sports betting in their respective states. Policymakers in Canada are also reviewing the regulation of sports betting which would present a significant additional opportunity for our North American operations.

Growing Our Global Strategic Presence. Internationally, we target stable, regulated markets with significant growth potential. We believe we will continue to grow in existing markets such as Canada, Italy and Germany. We regularly monitor the regulatory landscape to be in a position to enter soon-to-be regulated markets for possible future expansion.

Pursuing Strategic Acquisitions. While we primarily focus on organically growing our current business and expanding into new markets, the possibility for quality acquisitions provides another avenue for future growth. Between 2017 and 2018, we completed four acquisitions. As jurisdictions impose stricter regulatory requirements and compliance demands that create additional work for online gambling affiliates, these disproportionately burden smaller online gambling affiliates who are less able to handle the influx of requests from online gambling operators and regulators. Online gambling operators value the professionalism and competence of larger online gambling affiliates who are adept at maintaining high regulatory standards.

We expect this environment will lead to tactical opportunities for us to acquire strong, sub-scale online gambling affiliates. Smaller online gambling affiliates may have product market fit in a particular niche of the industry but lack the sophisticated publishing and monetization systems available to larger online gambling affiliates like us. Our experience and technological capabilities position us as a sophisticated player to acquire strong sub-scale online gambling affiliates that will benefit from our more established processes. We plan to continue to leverage our history of successful acquisitions and internal organic growth to search for potential targets with strategic assets and strong management teams.

Developing Pipeline Projects. We have several pilot projects which could result in meaningful new lines of business. For example, in 2020, we launched Bookies Edge, a premium content model available to paying users on Bookies.com. Online gamblers using Bookies.com can subscribe to monthly and yearly packages of premium content to access exclusive picks, tips and analysis. We consider this new line of business a start-up within our broader organization and plan to invest more resources in the business should we be able to identify favorable unit economics. We are also formulating plans to develop Bookmakers.com, an ultra-premium domain ideally suited to target English-speaking sports betting consumers outside the U.S.

 

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Our Products

Our core product offering is industry leading content produced by award-winning journalists, reporters, copywriters and lifelong followers of the online gambling industry. This best-in-class content is then masterfully distributed to online gamblers through our proprietary technology platform which publishes 32 premier websites. Thanks to the advantages of our internally developed technology platforms, consumers can readily locate this great content easily with the use of search engines such as Google. Visitors to our websites looking to engage with online gambling services can then easily find, compare and visit the best online gambling operators available in their jurisdiction from links on our websites. When a website visitor leaves one of our websites to visit an online gambling operator, the referral is tracked and we are compensated by the online gambling operator in the event that the visitor registers and funds a new account, becoming our referred player.

Although we have invested into Gambling.com and Bookies.com, which we consider our core brands, we also operate several niche websites that cater to specific geographies or online gambling products. Each of our websites offers online gamblers high-quality and relevant content, such as independent reviews and comparisons of regulated online gambling operators in their jurisdiction.

Our Core Brands

Gambling.com

We acquired the Gambling.com domain name in April of 2011 for $2.5 million. The domain name came alone, without an accompanying business or any existing revenue streams. Since then, we have invested significant resources to launch a new website and grow it into one of the largest and highest revenue producing online gambling affiliate websites in the world. As of December 31, 2020, localized versions of Gambling.com were available in nine markets and in four languages.

Gambling.com covers the entirety of the online gambling industry with content spanning all of the key verticals in the industry: Casino, Sports, Poker and Bingo. But more than anything else, Gambling.com is a leading source for iGaming information and is casino-first in its content strategy.

Bookies.com

We acquired the Bookies.com website in early 2018. Since then, we have transformed it into an all-inclusive platform for sports bettors that provides promo codes, odds comparison, game previews, betting strategies and news. In contrast to Gambling.com which is an international destination with a casino-first focus, Bookies.com was built from the ground up with a US-first and sports-first focus. We believe Bookies.com is well positioned to become a leading sports-betting destination in the U.S. In 2020, we launched Bookies Edge, a premium content model available to paying users on Bookies.com. Online gamblers using Bookies.com can subscribe to monthly and yearly packages of premium content to access exclusive picks, tips and analysis.

Our Niche Brands

By expanding the portfolio beyond our core brands, we can more directly target specific products in specific markets. Online gamblers tend to trust local media more than national or international sources. By producing destinations that feature locally produced content, we can more easily gain the trust of users in a particular location. The enlarged portfolio also reduces volatility in month-to-month financial performance by diversifying the sources of our revenue across multiple territories and products.

TopUSCasinos.com

TopUSCasinos.com is an internally developed website that has been recently launched with an iGaming and U.S. first focus. Similar to Bookies.com in that both websites are U.S. first and national in scope, TopUSCasinos.com will play a leading role in the development of our overall U.S. offering. These national websites address the entirety of the U.S. market by providing detailed content on each state with an active online gambling market.

U.S. State Specific Properties

We have launched a series of websites dedicated to individual U.S. states. Examples include GreatLakesStakes.com for Michiganders and VirginiaIsForBettors.com for Virginians. These websites provide local online gamblers with the news and analysis they need to make informed decisions when it comes to online gambling. GreatLakesStakes.com

 

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covers all forms of online gambling due to Michigan’s full embrace of the industry’s product offering while VirginiaisforBettors.com is primarily oriented around sports betting since Virginia has yet to regulate iGaming.

CasinoSource.co.uk

We launched CasinoSource.co.uk in 2010 as our first dedicated casino affiliate website. The website offers in-depth expert online casino reviews, exclusive network partner bonuses, casino guides and tutorials. We have redeveloped the website regularly and now expanded it into ten markets in five languages.

SlotSource.com

We launched SlotSource into the U.K. market in 2016 as a slots-first destination. We have since expanded the website to six markets in two languages. The U.S. version of the website showcases online slots in a player-friendly website where games and casinos are categorized by their availability per state. As a one-stop shop for online slots, the website provides online gamblers real-money slot reviews, fully featured free-to-play slots as well as a comprehensive list of slots bonuses.

Many of our niche sites are relatively new, particularly those for the U.S. market. This positions us well for additional organic growth in the coming years. We also maintain a robust portfolio of over 500 undeveloped gambling domain names available for future projects. The portfolio includes a number of premium domain names such as Bookmakers.com and FootballScores.com.

Our Original Publishing Platform and Content Management System

Our co-founder and Chief Executive Officer, Charles Gillespie, is a technologist at heart who taught himself to program to deliver our first website. Under Mr. Gillespie’s leadership, we have prioritized outsized investments in technology to best serve our customers, online gamblers and internal stakeholders. The dividends of these investments are significant—increased operational efficiency fundamental to delivering market-leading organic growth. We have developed three key internal platforms which sit behind and power all of our consumer facing websites. In comparison to some of our peers, all of our websites run on internally-developed platforms and are near universally integrated into these platforms.

Origins: a Publishing Platform for Maximum Speed

We launched Origins in 2015 as a tailor-made high-speed publishing platform that prepares and distributes our content across seven global locations—all from the cloud. The system was developed with an SEO-first mentality, to ensure that all of our websites are published according to the best technical SEO standards. In-built version control provides us total control over source code changes and enables nimble switching between version numbers. Quality control systems scan all outgoing content to ensure it passes a number of internal quality control checks. Websites and content ready for release are pre-rendered, compressed and distributed to a global network of origin servers which are then enhanced by a global content delivery network with over 200 points of presence. This stack of systems ensures that end-users requesting one of our services get their request fulfilled at the fastest speeds technologically possible.

Genesis: a Content Management System for Gambling Industry Data

We launched Genesis in 2020 as our content management system, or CMS, to warehouse our growing database of gambling industry related content. Genesis provides a central location for the management of all content types across our websites and applications. Users can log into a cloud-based system to add, update or import content assets. By centralizing all CMS functionality into one universal system, users get one common interface for updating all of our publishing assets. Users can be categorized into groups with varying levels of permissions according to management’s requirements, allowing the system to be opened to external contributors. Our developers can also plug into one common API to consume data in one common format regardless of its ultimate destination. As pain-points are identified, we can deploy specific tools and features to streamline repetitive or time-consuming tasks for our users.

Elements: an Ad Server for Gambling Operators

We have developed Elements since 2019 as our advertiser management system—our central interface to manage the terms, offers, and details of advertisement placements across our entire network. With tens of thousands of pages of content, advertisers can appear in a great variety of locations which we believe, despite these challenges, should be optimized on every occasion. Elements provides us with a centralized platform to coordinate the appearance, rankings and advertiser details at any location across the network. Tightly integrated with our business intelligence

 

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team, we are able to track advertiser performance at scale and quickly identify under and over performance. Sophisticated machine-learning algorithms crunch performance data and make recommendations on which online gambling operator is truly best positioned to meet online gamblers’ needs in each circumstance.

Our Track Record of Awards and Recognitions

Our products have been recognized for their excellence over the years, achieving several of the online gambling affiliate industry’s biggest awards including a selection of awards as shown in the chart below.

 

 

LOGO

Our History

2006-2009

 

   

We were founded in 2006 by Charles Gillespie, our Chief Executive Officer, and joined by Kevin McCrystle, our Chief Operating Officer, in 2007

 

   

Originally founded as World Sports Network, operating WSN.com and offering mainstream football betting coverage to mainland Chinese and European football fans

 

   

Focused on China and sports betting

 

   

Mark Blandford invested in our company and joined our board of directors

 

   

WSN changed its company name to KAX Media

2010-2011

 

   

Left the Chinese market

 

   

Switched focus to European casino online gambling affiliate marketing

 

   

Began building the first series of casino affiliate portals, CasinoSource

 

   

Launched CasinoSource in the U.K.

 

   

Acquired Gambling.com domain for $2.5 million in April 2011

 

   

Opened office in Tampa, Florida

2012-2015

 

   

Launched new U.K. website for Gambling.com

 

   

Expanded CasinoSource to new markets

 

   

Divested WSN.com website

 

   

Launched Gambling.com in markets outside the U.K., starting with Ireland

 

   

Started expansion of Gambling.com beyond English-speaking markets

 

   

Opened office in Ireland

 

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2016

 

   

Consolidation of KAX Media and Gambling.com

 

   

Launched Gambling.com and CasinoSource in Scandinavia

2017

 

   

KAX Media re-branded as Gambling.com Group

 

   

Launched SlotSource.co.uk in the U.K.

 

   

Issued EUR 7.1 million of private convertible debentures with the proceeds intended to be used primarily for acquisitions

 

   

In February 2017, acquired AndroidSlots.co.uk, a leading U.K. mobile casino portal

 

   

In March 2018, acquired three leading Swedish casino affiliate websites—SvenskaCasino.se, Lyckospel.se and CasinoMobilt.se

 

   

Issued second round of private convertible debentures for EUR 8.9 million

2018

 

   

Entered U.S. market by launching Gambling.com in New Jersey

 

   

In January 2018, acquired mobile performance marketing platform including 46 iOS apps

 

   

In February 2018, entered sports betting with acquisition of Bookies.com and related assets such as Bookmakers.co.uk and FootballScores.com

 

   

Issued EUR 16.0 million of senior secured bonds listed on Nasdaq Stockholm

 

   

Launched Gambling.com in additional European markets

2019

 

   

Opened second U.S. office in Charlotte, North Carolina

 

   

Obtained approval to expand U.S. operations in New Jersey

 

   

Secured permission to operate in Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Indiana

 

   

Received $15.5 million growth investment from Edison Partners

2020 to Present

 

   

Approved to provide sports betting services in Colorado

 

   

Launched SlotSource.com for American online slot players

 

   

Expanded business into Tennessee, Illinois and Virginia

 

   

Announced redemption of outstanding senior secured bonds

 

   

Relocated corporate domicile from Malta to Jersey

Our Corporate Structure

The following chart shows our corporate structure including our three subsidiaries.

 

 

LOGO

 

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Gambling.com Group Limited is the holding company for the Group. It was originally incorporated in the British Virgin Islands as TGG International Holdings Limited on July 26, 2006. It was renamed as KAX Media Limited on October 3, 2012 and subsequently continued as a private limited liability company in Malta on October 7, 2016. It was renamed as Gambling.com Group Limited on May 18, 2017. On January 7, 2018, it converted into a public limited liability company with a name change to Gambling.com Group Plc. It redomiciled from Malta to the Channel Island of Jersey in accordance with the Jersey Companies Law on                     , 2021 and was renamed Gambling.com Group Limited.

GDC Malta Limited (formerly known as GDC Trading Limited) is a private limited company incorporated in the British Virgin Islands on June 2, 2011 and was subsequently continued in Malta on October 17, 2016. GDC Malta Limited provides intra-group services to the Group.

GDC Media Limited (formerly known as KAX Media Limited (Ireland)) is a private limited company incorporated on May 20, 2015 in Ireland. It operates the Group’s business outside of the U.S. and is the owner of all the Group’s intellectual property, domains and websites.

GDC America Inc. (formerly known as KAX Media America Inc.) is a corporation incorporated in Florida on July 14, 2011. It operates the Group’s business in the U.S. under a license from GDC Media Limited.

Our Sales Process and Customers

Online gambling operators typically discover us by accessing one of our websites. After finding one of our online gambling affiliate websites, the online gambling operator locates our corporate website and submits an advertising proposal through a contact form. In 2020, our reputation as a strong partner for online gambling operators drew over 450 inquiries from potential customers.

We have a strong and growing portfolio of major online gambling operators and already work with over 200 regulated online gambling operators, including industry heavyweights—DraftKings, Flutter Entertainment (FanDuel, PaddyPower, Betfair), Entain (BetMGM, Ladbrokes, bwin, partypoker), Kindred Group (Unibet, 32Red), Rush Street Interactive (Sugarhouse, BetRivers), William Hill, 888, Golden Nugget Online Gaming and PointsBet. As is evident from the list above, many of our customers operate multiple player-facing brands. We have ranked between six and eight on the EGR Power Affiliates list since its inception in 2018. The list is compiled from votes cast by full-time affiliate managers working with the online gambling operators who rate affiliates based on their commercial, operational, product, compliance and M&A capabilities.

In 2020, our top ten customers, measured by revenue, accounted for    % of our total revenue and our largest customer accounted for     % of our total revenue.

While increasing our number of customers is important, we primarily focus on maintaining and deepening our relationships with our existing customers. Our account management team coordinates the day-to-day relationships with our customers. While improving the commercial aspects of our deals, our team optimizes the content, offers, news and other details of how our customers’ brands are presented to the online gamblers to maximize conversion rates and engagement. In many cases we can negotiate exclusive bonuses and offers for the players referred from our websites. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, our account management team regularly met with our key customers in person and plans to resume such face-to-face meetings as soon as it is once again possible. We plan to continue to grow both the number of customers and the level of participation from each customer.

We strive to control the maximum amount of traffic possible and thus be online gambling operators’ preferred partner for online gambling player acquisition due to our ability to help them meet their player acquisition goals with our extensive reach.

Increasing Advertiser Performance

The math that determines the commercial performance of an individual online gambling operator on one of our websites is driven principally by the effectiveness by which the online gambling operator can monetize the traffic that we send them. Online gambling operators who are skilled at converting the traffic from click to registration and then from

 

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registration to first deposit while offering commercial terms at the low end of the acceptable range can be significantly more valuable to us than the opposite. Online gambling operators offering abnormally high CPA rates but who are not skilled at converting traffic do not make good partners. Expected conversion rates range from 1% to 15% (1,500% difference) where CPA levels for a given type of traffic may only vary from the smallest to largest offer by around 200%.

Because the effectiveness of our partners is a key commercial concern, we have a dedicated system to manage the placement of operators and operators’ offers on our websites called Elements. As we reached the limit of what was possible with manual adjustments, we have started to leverage machine learning systems to help us ensure we are showing the most appropriate operator in every circumstance. These advanced data science models can process many more input variables and larger data sets than our commercial team could process on its own. These initiatives showed very promising results in 2020 and we look forward to expanding these initiatives in 2021.

Competition

The online gambling affiliates market is highly fragmented, intensely competitive and constantly evolving. With the introduction of new technologies and new market entrants, we expect the competitive environment to remain intense going forward. We compete with other online marketing service providers, such as Better Collective and Catena Media in both the U.S. and Europe. Our most comparable publicly-traded company in the U.S. is GAN Limited, another B2B service provider to the industry. Other comparable publicly traded companies include the online gambling operators such as DraftKings Inc., Rush Street Interactive, Inc., Golden Nugget Online Gaming, Inc., Penn National Gaming Inc., PointsBet Holdings Ltd. and Score Media and Gaming Inc.

We believe we compete favorably on the basis of the quality of our websites, our strategic geographical presence, our diversified and growing customer base, our technological excellence and our proven history of growth. We have delivered significantly more organic growth than our peers over the last three years. Our organic growth strategy focuses on perfecting our internal processes, technology, and products instead of relying on acquisitions.

Social Responsibility

As the online gambling market continues to expand globally, we believe it is important to not lose focus on the social costs of the industry. We are committed to being a leader in responsible gambling and ensuring that a conservative approach is adopted by the industry at large to ensure the sustainability of what should be a harmless recreational activity.

With that vision, we maintain one of the most restrictive adverting policies in the online gambling affiliates industry to avoid problematic channels. We acquire online gamblers responsibly, focusing on locally regulated markets, recommending only licensed online gambling operators, and displaying terms and conditions in accordance with best practices. Our team also regularly monitor regulations and standards prescribed by each market’s respective authorities, such as the U.K. Gambling Commission and the U.K Advertising Standards Authority. We have maintained a clean history in all markets in which we conduct business.

To help online gamblers recognize problematic behavior early, we established the Responsible Gambling Center on our flagship website Gambling.com, which provides online gamblers access to support organizations in our major markets. The Responsible Gambling Center is divided into three sections:

Responsible Gambling Fundamentals. Educates online gamblers about the basic risks of problem gambling, gambling addiction and how to gamble responsibly.

Staying in Control. Helps online gamblers recognize the signs of problem gambling and gives guidance on staying in control. Explains key concepts like self-exclusion, betting logs and deposit limits.

Protection and Support. Provides detailed access information for problem gambling support groups as well as links to tools to protect children from gambling content.

 

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We strive to contribute positively—not only to our industry at-large through responsible gambling initiatives but also in our communities through corporate social responsibility initiatives. Each year, employees in Ireland and the U.S. choose a local nonprofit organization to support through fundraising and volunteering.

Regulations

As a company providing services to online gambling operators and conducting business on the Internet, we are subject to a variety of laws in the U.S. and abroad that involve matters central to our business, including laws regarding online gambling and data protection and privacy, among others.

Online Gambling Regulations

Outside of the U.S., online gambling affiliates are not required to apply for licenses or approvals with the only known exception being Romania. Since we operate a pure B2B business model and have no direct business relationship with online gamblers, we are not required to be licensed or approved as a gambling operator in Europe or elsewhere.

In the U.S., any company providing services to regulated gambling entities is typically required to either register or apply for a license or an approval with the gambling regulator in each state where they are active. In the case of gambling affiliates, a tiered system is typically available with a relatively simple registration required for online gambling affiliates only looking to do CPA deals and a much more onerous license application required for online gambling affiliates seeking to do deals with a revenue share component. As of December 31, 2020, we obtained regulatory approval to provide marketing services to licensed gambling operators in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Colorado, Illinois, Tennessee, Indiana and Virginia, with pending approval in Michigan. We have the ability to do CPA deals in all states where we are active and revenue share deals in all states where we are active except for Colorado, Illinois and Michigan, with pending approval in Michigan.

Data Protection and Privacy

Because we handle, collect, store, receive, transmit and otherwise process certain personal information of individuals, including our users, customers and employees, we are also subject to federal, state and foreign laws related to the privacy and protection of such data, as further set forth in the section of this prospectus entitled “We are subject to governmental regulation and other legal obligations related to privacy, data protection and information security. If we are unable to comply with these, we may be subject to governmental enforcement actions, litigation, fines and penalties or adverse publicity”. Regulations such as the CCPA, which is a relatively new, untested law could affect our business, and its potential impact is unknown.

With our operations in the E.E.A and the U.K., we may also face particular privacy, data security, and data protection risks in connection with requirements of the GDPR, U.K. GDPR and other data protection regulations. Any failure or perceived failure to comply with these rules may result in regulatory fines or penalties including orders that require us to change the way we process data. In the event of a data breach, we are also subject to breach notification laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, including the GDPR, and the risk of litigation and regulatory enforcement actions.

Any significant change to applicable laws, regulations, interpretations of laws or regulations, or market practices, regarding the use of personal data, or regarding the manner in which we seek to comply with applicable laws and regulations, could require us to make modifications to our products, services, policies, procedures, notices, and business practices, including potentially material changes. Such changes could potentially have an adverse impact on our business.

Compliance

We have developed and implemented various internal compliance policies to help ensure that we comply with legal and regulatory requirements imposed on us. Our compliance and risk program focuses primarily on vetting the online gambling operators we work with to ensure that we do not work with an operator which is unsuitable. We also provide education and tools to assist users in making educated choices related to gambling activities.

 

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Additionally, we employ various methods and tools across our operations such as geolocation blocking, which restricts access based upon the user’s geographical location and age verification to ensure our users are old enough interact with certain content. We have a zero-tolerance approach to money laundering and terrorist financing.

While we are firmly committed to full compliance with all applicable laws and have developed appropriate policies and procedures in order to comply with the requirements of the evolving regulatory regimes, we cannot assure that our compliance program will prevent the violation of one or more laws or regulations, or that a violation by us or an employee will not result in the imposition of a monetary fine or suspension or revocation of one or more of our licenses.

Intellectual Property

Our intellectual property, including our copyrights and trademarks, is, in the aggregate, an important component of our business. As of December 31, 2020, we had registered two trademarks in the U.S., one trademark in the Benelux countries (Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg) and one trademark in the U.K. Our intellectual property portfolio also includes over 500 domain names for websites that we use in our business, and our rights in our proprietary technology platforms, including our publishing platform, the Origins Publishing Platform, the Genesis content management system and the Elements advertiser management system.

Employees

As of March 31, 2021, we had                 employees, of which                  were located in Dublin,                  were located in Malta, and                  were located in Charlotte and Tampa, the U.S.

Our goal is to attract and retain highly qualified and motivated personnel. We promote diversity and equality in the workplace. As of December 31, 2020, 24% of our employees were female and 17 different nationalities were represented in our workforce. We believe that we maintain a good working relationship with our employees, and we have not experienced any significant labor disputes. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining agreements or labor unions.

Properties

Our principal operational offices are located in Dublin, Ireland, under a lease expiring in January 2028. We also lease regional offices and space in Tampa, Florida, Charlotte, North Carolina and Malta.

We believe that our current facilities are adequate to meet our needs for the near future and that suitable additional or alternative space will be available on commercially reasonable terms to accommodate our foreseeable future operations.

Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business. We are not currently a party to any material litigation. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources and other factors.

 

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MANAGEMENT

Executive Officers and Directors

The following table sets forth the name, age and position of each of our executive officers and directors as of the date of this prospectus:

 

 

 

NAME

   AGE     

POSITION

Executive officers

     

Charles Gillespie

     37      Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder and Director

Kevin McCrystle

     37      Chief Operating Officer and Co-Founder

Elias Mark

     40      Chief Financial Officer

Johannes Bergh

     52      Chief Strategy Officer

Ellen Monaghan

     36      VP of People

Directors

     

Mark Blandford

     63      Chairman of the Board of Directors

Susan Ball

     59      Director

Fredrik Burvall

     48      Director

Gregg Michaelson

     55      Director

Pär Sundberg

     48      Director

 

 

(1)   Member of our audit committee.
(2)   Member of our compensation committee.
(3)   Member of our nominating and corporate governance committee.

Executive Officers

Charles Gillespie is our Chief Executive Officer, Co-Founder and a director, which positions he has held since the Company’s inception in 2006. Through his tenure, Mr. Gillespie has overseen the Company’s operations across multiple jurisdictions including Europe and U.S. Under his leadership, the Company has prioritized technological investments and has completed four acquisitions to expand the breadth of the Company’s portfolio. He has built a reputation as a recognized leader and was named Sports Betting Community Leader of the Year in 2019. Mr. Gillespie holds a Bachelor of Art degree in Political Science and Entrepreneurship from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

Kevin McCrystle is our Chief Operating Officer and Co-Founder, which position he has held since 2007. Through his tenure, Mr. McCrystle has developed and implemented strategies for product, marketing, content, sales functions, and integration of key acquisitions. Since July 2016, he has served as a director of KAX Media Limited (Ireland), a subsidiary of the Company. In 2020, Mr. McCrystle relocated to the Charlotte office to oversee the development of the North American market. Mr. McCrystle holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science and Philosophy from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a certificate in Finance, Accounting, Organizational Behavior and Operations Management from Carolina Business Institute.

Elias Mark is our Chief Financial Officer, which position he has held since 2016. Mr. Mark also served on the board of directors of Ampezzo Capital PCC Ltd, a technology and Internet focused private equity firm, where he was a founding partner and previously served as a member of the investment advisory team from January 2010 to December 2014. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Mark served as CFO at Whispr Group from March 2015 to December 2016, Mr. Mark also previously served as a director at Nöjesguiden from December 2013 to April 2016, at Highlight Media Group from February 2010 to September 2014 and at Web Guide Partner from September 2008 to January 2010. Mr. Mark began his career as Siguiente Capital AB, where he served as an Associate from June 2007 to September 2008. Mr. Mark holds a Master of Arts degree in Management from the University of St. Andrews and is an associate of Chartered Institute for Securities & Investment.

 

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Ellen Monaghan is our Vice President, People, which position she has held since December 2020. Ms. Monaghan has served in several positions since she joined the Company in December 2015, including Director of People Operations since December 2018, People Operations Manager from December 2017 to December 2018 and HR Business Partner from December 2015 to December 2017. Prior to joining the Company, Ms. Monaghan served as Manager—Office and Facilities Management of Openet from July 2012 to December 2015, and previously as Personal Assistant to CTO from March 2010 to August 2012. Ms. Monaghan also previously served as ICT Recruitment Consultant at RECRUITERS from April 2008 to March 2010. From April 2007 to April 2008, Ms. Monaghan served as a Banking & Finance Consultant at HRM. She has led the opening and expansion of our offices in Dublin, Malta and Charlotte through talent acquisition and management. Since 2015, Ms. Monaghan has served as a director of our subsidiary based in Dublin, Kax Media Limited (Ireland). Ms. Monaghan holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Politics and Sociology from University College Dublin.

Johannes Bergh is our Chief Strategy Officer, which position he has held since August 2020. Under his leadership, Mr. Bergh has facilitated the scaling of the business. Mr. Bergh has more than 15 years of experience at the c-level in public companies, operating on a global arena. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Bergh served as Deputy Chief Executive Officer at Catena Media, a lead generation company focusing on the iGaming and Finance industries. He served at Catena Media from January 2017 to July 2020. From August 2014 to December 2016, Mr. Bergh served as Chief Executive Officer at Rewir, a management consulting firm focusing on brand strategy. Prior to Rewir, Mr. Bergh served as Chief Brand Officer at FLIR Systems from August 2008 to April 2014. Mr. Bergh holds a diploma in marketing from RMI Berghs School of Communications.

Directors

Mark Blandford has served as a director since October 2008 and the Chairman of the board of directors since February 2018. Mr. Blandford founded Sportingbet Plc which was one of the first online gambling companies to accept a card payment over the Internet and at one point in time the world’s largest bookmaker. Mr. Blandford led the company through a landmark initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange in 2001 to become the first publicly traded online gambling company, later winning him the award for AIM Entrepreneur of the Year in 2002. Mr. Blandford also currently serves as Chairman of the board of directors at FSB Technology (U.K.) Ltd., Double Diamond Limited and Condor Properties. Mr. Blandford is also a Partner at Burlywood Capital, a venture capital and private equity firm, where he has served in that role since 2012. Previously, Mr. Blandford served as a member of the board of directors at Mfuse LTD and Intela. Mr. Blandford holds a Higher National Diploma in Business Studies from Wolverhampton University.

Susan Ball has served as a director since February 2018. Ms. Ball also currently serves as a member of the board of directors at FSB Technology Group, a B2B omnichannel sports betting provider, and is a fellow of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of England and Wales. Ms. Ball previously served as a member of the board of directors at The Bannatyne Group, a premium U.K. health club and spa operator; Playtech Plc, a listed online global gaming software supplier; Kambi Group Plc, a listed sportsbetting technology provider, where she led the initial public offering in 2014; and Fig, a U.K. venture capital group. From January 2011 to June 2013, Ms. Ball served as Chief Financial Officer at MOO.com, a global online digital print business. Ms. Ball also served as Chief Financial Officer at Bookatable.com during 2010, and at Praesepe Plc, a U.K.-listed B2B gambling company from April 2007 to December 2009. From 2003 to 2008, Ms. Ball served as Chief Financial Officer at Kindred Group Plc (where she led the initial public offering of Unibet Group). Prior to this, Ms. Ball served at BrightVenture Enterprises from 2000 to 2003, a private investment vehicle which she founded, and as Finance Director of U.K.-listed Burnden Leisure Plc (formerly Mosaic Investments Plc) from 1991 to 1999. Ms. Ball began her career at Ernst & Young, where she qualified as a Chartered Accountant in 1986. Ms. Ball holds a BA (Hons) in Accountancy from Birmingham University and has completed the London Business School Corporate Finance Programme.

Fredrik Burvall has served as a director since December 2017. Mr. Burvall also currently serves as Chairman of the board of directors at M.O.B.A Network AB (Plc) and Speqta AB (Plc), and as a board member at Enteractive Malta Ltd and Aspire Global. Mr. Burvall is also the Chief Executive Officer/Owner at The Networked Nation—tNN AB, where he has served in that role since May 2017. Previously, Mr. Burvall served in several roles at Cherry AB, including as Strategic Advisor from March 2017 to July 2017, as Chief Executive Officer from May 2015 to February 2017, as

 

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Acting Chief Executive Officer from December 2014 to May 2015 and as Chief Final Officer, Deputy CEO from September 2006 to March 2015. From February 2004 to September 2006, Mr. Burvall served as Manager of Business Control at Modern Times Group, Viasat AB. Mr. Burvall previously served as Chief Financial Officer at Ericsson Technology Licensing AB from 2001 to 2004, and he also worked in Business Control at Ericsson from January 1998 to January 2001. Mr. Burvall holds an MBA in Economics from Stockholm University and also attended a BA in Economics from Örebro University.

Gregg Michaelson has served as a director since September 2019. Mr. Michaelson also currently serves as a member of the board of directors at Health Recovery Solutions, Ringmaster Technologies, Inc., Purple Lab, PathFactory, and Wyng. Mr. Michaelson is a Partner at Edison Partners, a Princeton, New Jersey based private equity firm where he has served in that role since June 2015. From November 2011 to May 2015, he served as Chief Executive Officer at Linkwell Health, a healthcare consumer engagement company. From October 2001 to November 2011, Mr. Michaelson served as President and Chief Marketing Officer at Rodale, a global health and wellness content and performance marketing company. Mr. Michaelson served as Vice President, Marketing at American Family Enterprises, a Time Warner affiliate, from June 1996 to September 2001. Mr. Michaelson began his career at Reader’s Digest Association from August 1992 to April 1996, where he served in various marketing and financial roles. Mr. Michaelson holds an MBA in Finance from New York University—Leonard N. Stern School of Business and a BA from the University of Michigan.

Pär Sundberg has served as a director since February 2018. Mr. Sundberg also currently serves as Chairman of the board of directors at Brand New Content, and as a board member at SNÖ of Sweden and Speqta. Previously, Mr. Sundberg served as a member of the board of directors at G5 Entertainment AB, KOEN Media, AB Traction, Buzzador AB and IPS Förändringskompetens AB. From July 2010 to September 2011, Mr. Sundberg served as President and Chief Executive Officer at Metronome Film & Television AB, a Film and Television production company with operations in Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland and the U.S. From its inception in May 1996 to August 2009, Mr. Sundberg served as President and Chief Executive Officer of OTW, Sweden’s leading content marketing group of companies that he also co-founded. From January 2000 to November 2001, Mr. Sundberg served as a member of the board of directors of Stockholm News, a free daily newspaper that he co-founded. Previously, Mr. Sundberg served as a Reporter at Expressen from 1991 to 1996. Mr. Sundberg hold a M.Sc. degree in Industrial Engineering and Management from Luleå University of Technology.

Corporate Governance Practices

Under Nasdaq rules, a foreign private issuer, such as us, may generally follow its home country rules with regard to corporate governance in lieu of the comparable requirements of the applicable Nasdaq rules, except for certain matters including, among others, the composition and responsibilities of the audit committee and the independence of its members within the meaning of the rules and regulations of the SEC. We intend to rely on this “home country practice exemption” with respect to the following:

 

   

Exemption from the requirement to have a compensation committee comprised solely of independent members of the board;

 

   

Exemption from the requirement to have independent director oversight of director nominations;

 

   

Exemption from quorum requirements applicable to meetings of shareholders. Such quorum requirements are not required under Jersey law. In accordance with generally accepted business practice, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to be in effect immediately prior to the completion of this offering will provide alternative quorum requirements that are generally applicable to meetings of shareholders;

 

   

Exemption from the Nasdaq corporate governance rules requiring disclosure within four business days of any determination to grant a waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics to directors and officers. Although we will require board approval of any such waiver, we may choose not to disclose the waiver in the manner set forth in the Nasdaq rules;

 

   

Exemption from the requirement to obtain shareholder approval for certain issuances of securities, including shareholder approval of equity incentive plans; and

 

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Exemption from Section 16 rules requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades in a short period of time, which will provide less data in this regard than shareholders of U.S. companies that are subject to the Exchange Act.

We otherwise intend to comply with the rules generally applicable to U.S. domestic companies listed on the Nasdaq. We may in the future decide to use the foreign private issuer exemption with respect to some or all of the other Nasdaq corporate governance rules.

We intend to take all actions necessary for us to maintain compliance as an FPI under the applicable corporate governance requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the rules adopted by the SEC and Nasdaq listing rules. Accordingly, our shareholders will not have the same protections afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of the corporate governance requirements of Nasdaq. For an overview of our corporate governance principles, see the section titled “Description of Share Capital—Differences in Corporate Law.”

Board of Directors

Our board of directors currently consists of six members. Our board of directors has determined that              of our six directors,             ,              and             , do not have a relationship that would interfere with the exercise of independent judgment in carrying out the responsibilities of director and that each of these directors is “independent” as that term is defined under the rules of Nasdaq. There are no family relationships among any of our directors or senior management.

In accordance with our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association to be in effect immediately prior to the completion of this offering, each of our directors serves for a term of              years and retires from office at every annual general meeting of shareholders. If at any such meeting the place of a retiring director is not filled, the retiring director shall, if willing to act, be deemed to have been reelected. If it is resolved not to fill such vacated office, or a motion for the re-election of such director shall have been put to the meeting and lost, the director shall not be re-elected unless this would result in the number of directors falling below the minimum number of directors required under law. See “Description of Share Capital—Board of directors—Appointment of directors.”

Our directors will be divided among the three classes as follows:

 

   

the Class I directors will be             ,              and             , and their terms will expire at the annual general meeting of shareholders to be held in             ;

 

   

the Class II directors, will be             ,              and             , and their terms will expire at our annual meeting of shareholders to be held in             ; and

 

   

the Class III directors will be              and             , and their terms will expire at our annual meeting of shareholders to be held in             .

In addition, our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association allow our board of directors to appoint directors, create new directorships or fill vacancies on our board of directors, for a term of office equal to the remaining period of the term of office of the director(s) whose office(s) have been vacated.

Audit Committee

Following the listing of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq, our audit committee will consist of Susan Ball,              and             .              will serve as the Chairman of the audit committee.

Under the Nasdaq listing requirements and applicable SEC rules, the audit committee will be required to have at least three members, all of whom must be independent, subject to exemptions available to foreign private issuers. All members of our audit committee meet the requirements for financial literacy under the applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and Nasdaq corporate governance rules. Our board of directors has determined that Susan Ball is an audit committee financial expert as defined by the SEC rules and has the requisite financial experience as defined by Nasdaq corporate governance rules. Each of the members of the audit committee is “independent” as such term is defined in Rule 10A-3(b)(1) under the Exchange Act of 1934, which is different from the general test for independence of board and committee members.

 

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Our audit committee provides assistance to our board of directors in fulfilling its legal and fiduciary obligations in matters involving our accounting, auditing, financial reporting, internal control and legal compliance functions by pre-approving the services performed by our independent accountants and reviewing their reports regarding our accounting practices and systems of internal control over financial reporting. Our audit committee also oversees the audit efforts of our independent accountants and takes those actions that it deems necessary to satisfy itself that the accountants are independent of management.

Our board of directors has adopted an audit committee charter to be effective upon the listing of our shares on the Nasdaq that will set forth the responsibilities of the audit committee consistent with the rules of the SEC and Nasdaq rules, including the following:

 

   

oversight of our independent registered public accounting firm and recommending the engagement, compensation or termination of engagement of our independent registered public accounting firm to the board of directors;

 

   

recommending the engagement or termination of the person filling the office of our internal auditor;

 

   

recommending the terms of audit and non-audit services provided by the independent registered public accounting firm for pre-approval by our board of directors;

 

   

reviewing and discussing with the executive officers, the board of directors and the independent auditor our financial statements and our financial reporting process;

 

   

reviewing our compliance with laws and regulations, including major legal and regulatory initiatives and also reviewing any major litigation or investigations against us that may have a material impact on our financial statements; and

 

   

approving or ratifying any related person transaction (as defined by applicable rules and regulations) in accordance with our applicable policies.

Compensation Committee

Upon the listing of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq, we will establish a compensation committee. The members of the compensation committee will be             ,              and             .              will serve as the Chairman of the compensation committee.              of the members of our compensation committee,             , satisfy the independence requirements under the Nasdaq rules. The committee will recommend to the board of directors for determination the compensation of each of our executive officers and directors. Under SEC and              rules, there are heightened independence standards for members of the compensation committee, including a prohibition against the receipt of any compensation from us other than standard board member fees. Pursuant to exemptions from such independence standards as a result of being a foreign private issuer, the members of our compensation committee may not be independent under such standards.

Our board of directors has adopted a compensation committee charter setting forth the responsibilities of the committee, which include:

 

   

the responsibilities set forth in the compensation policy;

 

   

reviewing and approving the granting of options and other incentive awards to the extent such authority is delegated by our board of directors; and

 

   

reviewing, evaluating and making recommendations regarding the compensation and benefits for our non-employee directors.

Nominating and Governance Committee

Following the listing of our ordinary shares on the Nasdaq, our nominating and governance committee will consist of             ,              and             .              will serve as the Chairman of the nominating and governance committee. Under Nasdaq rules, all such directors must be independent; however, pursuant to exemptions from such requirements as a result of being a foreign private issuer, the members of our nominating and governance committee may not be

 

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independent under the Nasdaq standards. Our board of directors has adopted a nominating and governance committee charter to be effective upon the listing of our shares on the Nasdaq that will set forth the responsibilities of the nominating and governance committee, which include:

 

   

overseeing and assisting our board in reviewing and recommending nominees for election as directors;

 

   

reviewing and evaluating the size and composition of our board of directors;

 

   

assessing the performance of the members of our board of directors; and

 

   

establishing and maintaining effective corporate governance policies and practices, including, but not limited to, developing and recommending to our board of directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to our company.

Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

To the extent permitted by the Jersey Companies Law, we are empowered to indemnify our directors against any liability they incur by reason of their directorship. We intend to obtain directors and officers liability insurance for the benefit of our office holders and intend to continue to maintain such coverage and pay all premiums thereunder to the fullest extent permitted by the Jersey Companies Law. We also expect to enter into an indemnification agreement with each of our directors and executive officers prior to the completion of this offering.

Insofar as indemnification of liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our board of directors, executive officers, or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

We intend to adopt a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applicable to all of our directors and employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, controller or principal accounting officer, or other persons performing similar functions, which is a “code of ethics” as defined in Item 16B of Form 20-F promulgated by the SEC. Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, the full text of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics will be posted on our website at www.gambling.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus and is not incorporated by reference herein. If we make any amendment to the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics or grant any waivers, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, we will disclose the nature of such amendment or waiver on our website to the extent required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Under Item 16B of the SEC’s Form 20-F, if a waiver or amendment of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller and relates to standards promoting any of the values described in Item 16B(b) of Form 20-F, we are required to disclose such waiver or amendment on our website in accordance with the requirements of Instruction 4 to such Item 16B.

Compensation of Officers and Directors

The aggregate compensation paid and share-based compensation and other payments expensed by us and our subsidiaries to our directors and executive officers with respect to the year ended December 31, 2020 was $        . This amount includes approximately $         set aside or accrued to provide pension, severance, retirement or similar benefits or expenses, but does not include business travel, relocation, professional and business association dues and expenses reimbursed to office holders, and other benefits commonly reimbursed or paid by companies in our industry.

During the year ended December 31, 2020, we had              performance-based compensation program, which is described in further detail below under the section titled “Equity Incentive Plans.” The amount set aside or accrued by us to provide pension, retirement or similar benefits to members of our board of directors or senior management amounted to a total of $         in the year ended December 31, 2020.

 

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For so long as we qualify as a foreign private issuer, we are not required to comply with the proxy rules applicable to U.S. domestic companies, including the requirement applicable to emerging growth companies to disclose the compensation of our Chief Executive Officer and other two most highly compensated executive officers on an individual, rather than an aggregate, basis.

Directors’ Service Contracts

There are no arrangements or understandings between us, on the one hand, and any of our directors, on the other hand, providing for benefits upon termination of their employment or service as directors of our company.

Equity Incentive Plans

We have historically granted options (incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options) and warrants to incentivize employees and other service providers under our equity incentive plans. There are currently 1,600,000 warrants currently held by certain of our officers that are outstanding under the Gambling.com Group Plc 2018 Plan, or the 2018 Plan. These warrants are vested and exercisable between January 1, 2022 and June 30, 2022. There are currently 485,000 options and 250,000 warrants currently outstanding under the Gambling.com Group Plc 2020 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2020 Plan, all of which were granted in either November or December 2020. The outstanding options under the 2020 Plan typically vest over four years as follows: 25% of the options vest on the 1 year anniversary of the grant date, with 1/48th of the total number of options vesting monthly thereafter, in each case, subject to the grantee’s continued employment or service with us on each vesting date. The outstanding warrants under the 2020 Plan are vested and exercisable four years from the grant date. 150,000 warrants were granted to our independent directors in 2018 under the Gambling.com Group Plc Independent Director Options Program 2018, all of which were exercised in June 2020. A total of 509,744 warrants were granted outside of the Incentive Plans to our CFO, all of which are vested and exercisable between January 1, 2022 and June 30, 2022.

2020 Stock Incentive Plan and Its Supplements

Effective Date and Shares Reserved. The 2020 Plan replaced the 2018 Plan and became effective on the date on which it was adopted by our board of directors and will continue in effect until terminated or suspended by our board of directors. No awards may be granted under the 2020 Plan after the expiration of four years from the earlier of the date on which the 2020 Plan was (i) adopted by our board of directors and (ii) approved by our stockholders. The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, warrants, and other stock-based awards to our employees, officers, directors (including non-executive directors), and consultants and advisors. The maximum aggregate number of shares that may be granted under the 2020 Plan is 1,500,000 shares. If any award expires or is terminated, surrendered or canceled without having been fully exercised or is forfeited in whole or in part, such shares will again be available for the grant under the 2020 Plan. In addition, shares tendered to us to exercise an award will be added to the number of shares of available for grant under the 2020 Plan.

Plan Administration. Our board of directors or a committee established by our board of directors administers the 2020 Plan, and the administrator has the authority to (i) select eligible grantees, (ii) determine the amount of the grant, terms, conditions, restrictions and limitations applicable to each award, (iii) construe, interpret, adopt, amend, and repeal administrative rules, guidelines, and practices relating to the 2020 Plan, (iv) accelerate the vesting or distribution date (if applicable) of any award and (v) establish the sub-plans as it deems necessary or appropriate to conform to requirements or practices of jurisdictions outside of the U.S.

Types and Terms and Conditions of Awards. The administer may grant awards intended to qualify as an incentive stock option, non-qualified stock option, warrants, or other stock-based awards permissible by applicable laws. The 2020 Plan requires that incentive stock options and warrants have an exercise price that is not less than 100% of the fair market value of a share underlying such options. With respect to incentive stock options the exercise price may be not less than 110% of the fair market value in case of a grantee who at the time of the grant owns shares possessing more than 10% of the total combined voting power of all classes of our shares on the date of grant.

The exercise period of an option award will be determined by the administer in the applicable option agreement, but in no event may the exercise period be more than ten years from the grant date, or seven years in case of grantees employed in Ireland. In addition, each option will be subject to vesting (in whole or in part) over a period of four years,

 

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upon the terms and conditions determined by the administer in the applicable option agreement. The exercise period of a warrant will be determined by the administer in the applicable option agreement, provided that the exercise period is no less than two years and no more than four years after the grant date.

Adjustment Provisions. In the event of any stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, combination of shares, reclassification of shares, spin-off or other similar change in capitalization or event, or any dividend or distribution to shareholders other than an ordinary cash dividend, the administer shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments as to (i) the number and class of securities available under the 2020 Plan, (ii) the number and class of securities subject to any outstanding option, (iii) the number and class of securities subject to any outstanding warrant and (iv) the exercise price per share covered by any awards, unless the grantee is a California resident, whose securities shall be adjusted proportionately following the abovementioned triggering events. In addition, if the strike price and number of shares covered by any outstanding option or warrant are adjusted as of the distribution date of any stock dividend, then a grantee having exercised an option or warrant between the record date and the distribution date for such stock dividend will be entitled to the stock dividend with respect to any shares acquired through exercising such options or warrants.

Upon a change in control (as defined in the 2020 Plan), the administer may (i) agree that some or all of the outstanding awards will be assumed or substituted by the surviving company on substantially equivalent terms and conditions as the original award, (ii) accelerate the vesting of awards, (iii) grant awards in substitution for awards granted by another entity in connection with our merger or consolidation of that entity or (iv) settle some or all of the awards in cash, (v) provide that, in connection with a liquidation or dissolution of the Company, Awards shall convert into the right to receive liquidation proceeds (if applicable, net of the exercise price thereof) and (vi) any combination of the foregoing.

Amendment and Termination. The board of directors may amend, modify or terminate any outstanding award, provided that the grantee’s consent to such action will be required unless it would not materially and adversely affect the grantee. The board of directors may, without stockholder approval, reprice stock options and cancel any outstanding award and grant in substitution new awards under the 2020 Plan covering the same or a different number of shares of Common Stock and having an exercise price per share lower than the then-current exercise price per share of the cancelled award.

Miscellaneous Provisions. Options granted under the 2020 Plan are not transferable other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Warrants are transferable to the extent permissible by applicable laws, but we retain the right of first refusal. The right to exercise any awards will be terminated within a fixed period as determined by the administer after the termination of a grantee’s employment with us. For the purposes of complying with California law, we allow California grantees to exercise their options until at least 30 days from the termination date unless such grantee’s employment is terminated for cause.

 

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PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our shares as of the date of this prospectus and after this offering by (i) each person or entity known by us to own beneficially own 5% or more of our outstanding shares; (ii) each of our directors and executive officers individually; and (iii) all of our executive officers and directors as a group.

The beneficial ownership of ordinary shares is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC and generally includes any ordinary shares over which a person exercises sole or shared voting or investment power, or the right to receive the economic benefit of ownership. For purposes of the table below, we deem shares subject to options that are currently exercisable or exercisable within 60 days of December 31, 2020, to be outstanding and to be beneficially owned by the person holding the options for the purposes of computing the percentage ownership of that person but we do not treat them as outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person. The percentage of shares beneficially owned prior to the offering is based on                      ordinary shares outstanding as of December 31, 2020. We have also set forth below information known to us regarding any significant change in the percentage ownership of our ordinary shares by any major shareholders during the past three years. A description of any material relationship that our principal shareholders have had with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates within the past three years is included under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

As of December 31, 2020, we had              holders of record of our ordinary shares in the U.S. These shareholders held in the aggregate     % of our outstanding ordinary shares.

All of our shareholders, including the shareholders listed below, have the same voting rights attached to their ordinary shares. See “Description of Share Capital—Voting Rights.” Following the closing of this offering, neither our principal shareholders nor our directors and executive officers have different or special voting rights with respect to their ordinary shares. Unless otherwise noted below, each director’s, officer’s and shareholder’s address is Gambling.com Group Limited, 22 Grenville Street, St. Helier, Channel Islands of Jersey JE4 8PX.

 

 

 

NAME OF BENEFICIAL OWNER

   SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OWNED PRIOR TO
OFFERING
     SHARES BENEFICIALLY
OWNED AFTER
OFFERING
 
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
       NUMBER              %              NUMBER              %      

5% Shareholders

                                                                               

Edison Partners IX, LP (1)

           

Gerard J Hall

           

Executive Officers and Directors

           

Mark Blandford

           

Charles Gillespie

           

Kevin McCrystle

           

Elias Mark

           

Johannes Bergh

           

Ellen Monaghan

           

Susan Ball

           

Fredrik Burvall

           

Gregg Michaelson

           

Pär Sundberg

           

All executive officers and directors as a group (10 persons)

           

 

 

*   Less than 1%.
(1)   The address for Edison Partners IX, LP is 281 Witherspoon Street, Princeton, NJ 08540.

 

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Our policy is to enter into transactions with related parties on terms that, on the whole, are no more favorable, or no less favorable, than those available from unaffiliated third parties. Based on our experience in the business sectors in which we operate and the terms of our transactions with unaffiliated third parties, we believe that all of the transactions described below met this policy standard at the time they occurred.

Rights of Appointment

Our current board of directors consists of six directors. Pursuant to our memorandum and articles of association in effect prior to our initial public offering, Edison Partners IX, LP, or Edison, one of our shareholders, had rights to appoint one member of our board of directors as long as Edison holds at least 12.5% of our issued share capital, subject to certain limitations.

As of the date of this prospectus, we are not a party to, and are not aware of, any voting agreements among our shareholders.

Agreements with Directors and Officers

Employment agreements. We have entered into written employment or consulting agreements with certain of our executive officers. These agreements contain customary provisions regarding non-solicitation, confidentiality of information and assignment of inventions. However, the enforceability of the noncompetition provisions may be limited under applicable law. In addition, certain of the service arrangements provide for severance in connection with a termination of employment.

Indemnification and insurance. Our memorandum articles of association permit us to indemnify and insure certain of our office holders to the fullest extent permitted by the laws of Jersey. We also expect to enter into an indemnification agreement with each of our directors and executive officers prior to the completion of this offering. See “Management—Insurance and Indemnification of Directors and Officers.”

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

The following descriptions of share capital and provisions of our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association are summaries and are qualified by reference to the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of the company to be effective upon the closing of this offering. A copy of this document will be filed with the SEC as an exhibit to our registration statement, of which this prospectus forms a part. The description of the ordinary shares reflects changes to our capital structure that will occur upon the closing of this offering.

General

We are a Jersey public company with limited liability. Our affairs are governed by the memorandum and articles of association and the Jersey Companies Law. Our register of members is kept by                 . Our registered office is                 . Our secretary is                 .

Our authorized share capital is                  shares of one class designated as ordinary shares, with a par value of EUR 0.002 per share. As of                 , there were                  ordinary shares issued and outstanding and no preferred shares have been issued.

Shares

General

Mourant Ozannes (Jersey) LLP, Jersey counsel to the Company, has confirmed that all of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of the Company are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the outstanding ordinary shares of the Company are generally not issued (unless required to be issued pursuant to the articles of association) and legal title to the issued shares is recorded in registered form in the register of members. Holders of ordinary shares of the Company have no pre-emptive, subscription, redemption or conversion rights.

Preferred Shares

The board of directors may provide for other classes of shares, including series of preferred shares, out of the authorized but unissued share capital, which could be utilized for a variety of corporate purposes, including future offerings to raise capital for corporate purposes or for use in employee benefit plans. Such additional classes of shares will have such voting powers (full or limited or without voting powers), designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof as may be determined by the board of directors. If any preferred shares are issued, the rights, preferences and privileges of holders of ordinary shares will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of such preferred shares.

Dividends

The holders of ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by the board of directors of the Company, subject to the Jersey Companies Law and the articles of association. Dividends and other distributions on issued and outstanding ordinary shares may be paid out of the funds of the Company lawfully available for such purpose, subject to any preference of any outstanding preferred shares. Dividends and other distributions that are declared will be distributed among the holders of ordinary shares on a pro rata basis.

Voting Rights

Each ordinary share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters upon which the ordinary shares are entitled to vote. Voting at any shareholders’ meeting is by way of poll.

A quorum required for a meeting of shareholders requires the presence in person or by proxy of persons holding in aggregate not less than a simple majority of all voting share capital in issue (provided that the minimum quorum for any meeting shall be two shareholders entitled to vote).

A special resolution is required for important matters such as an alteration of capital, removal of director for cause, merger or consolidation of the Company, change of name or making changes to the articles of association or the voluntary winding up of the Company.

 

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An ordinary resolution of the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast at a quorate general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of no less than two-thirds of the votes cast at a quorate general meeting or, in each case, a resolution in writing executed by holders of the number of ordinary shares that would be required to pass the resolution at a meeting at which all the holders were present and voting.

Variation of Rights

The rights attached to any class of shares (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of that class), such as voting, dividends and the like, may be varied only with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting or by the written consent of the holders of two-thirds of the shares of that class or with the sanction of a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast at a separate meeting of the holders of the shares of that class. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class shall not (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of that class) be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking in priority to or pari passu with such previously existing shares.

Transfer of Ordinary Shares

Any shareholder may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or any other form prescribed by                  , as the designated stock exchange under the articles of association, or as otherwise approved by the board of directors.

In addition, the articles of association prohibit the transfer of shares of the Company in breach of the rules or regulations of                  or any relevant securities laws (including the Exchange Act).

Liquidation

On a return of capital on winding up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of ordinary shares), assets available for distribution among the holders of ordinary shares of the Company shall be distributed among the holders of the ordinary shares of the Company on a pro rata basis.

Directors

Appointment and Removal

The management of the Company is vested in its board of directors. The articles of association provide that there shall be a board of directors consisting of no fewer than two and no greater than                  directors, unless increased or decreased from time to time by the board of directors or by shareholders in a general meeting. Currently, the board consists of six directors. So long as shares of the Company are listed on the Nasdaq, the board of directors of the Company shall include such number of  “independent directors” as the relevant rules applicable to the listing of such shares on the Nasdaq require (subject to any applicable exceptions for “controlled” companies).

The directors are divided into three classes designated as Class I, Class II and Class III, respectively. At the first annual general meeting of shareholders of the Company (expected in                 ), the term of office of the Class I directors will expire and Class I directors will be elected for a full term of three years. At the second annual general meeting of shareholders of the Company (expected in                 ), the term of office of the Class II directors will expire and Class II directors will be elected for a full term of three years. At the third annual general meeting of shareholders of the Company (expected in                 ), the term of office of the Class III directors will expire and Class III directors will be elected for a full term of three years. At each succeeding annual general meeting of shareholders of the Company, directors will be elected for a full term of three years to succeed the directors of the class whose terms expire at such annual general meeting.

The directors of the Company shall ensure that any individual nominated pursuant to the memorandum and articles of association, the Director Nomination Agreement and the Shareholders Agreement shall be nominated for election as a director at the next general meeting of the Company. In respect of any position on the board of directors that is not entitled to be nominated pursuant to the articles of association, the Director Nomination Agreement or the Shareholders Agreement, the directors shall have the right to nominate an individual for election as a director at the next general meeting of the Company. In both cases, such individual shall be appointed if approved by ordinary

 

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resolution at such general meeting. If a vacancy arises on the board of directors, the directors may fill such vacancy in accordance with the terms of the articles of association, the Director Nomination Agreement, the Shareholders Agreement, applicable law and the listing rules of Nasdaq.

A director may be removed from office by the holders of ordinary shares by special resolution only for “cause” (as defined in the articles of association). In addition, a director may be removed from office by the board of directors by resolution made by the board of directors for “cause.”

The appointment and removal of directors is subject to the applicable rules of Nasdaq and to the provisions of the Director Nomination Agreement and the Shareholders’ Agreement.

The detailed procedures for the nomination of persons proposed to be elected as directors at any general meeting of the Company are set out in the articles of association.

Indemnification of Directors and Officers

To the fullest extent permitted by law, the memorandum articles of association provide that the directors and officers of the Company shall be indemnified from and against all liability which they incur in execution of their duty in their respective offices, except liability incurred by reason of such director’s or officer’s actual fraud or willful default.

Other Jersey Law Considerations

Purchase of Own Common Shares

As with declaring a dividend, we may not buy back or redeem our shares unless our directors who are to authorize the buyback or redemption have made a statutory solvency statement that, immediately following the date on which the buyback or redemption is proposed, the Company will be able to discharge its liabilities as they fall due and, having regard to prescribed factors, the Company will be able to continue to carry on business and discharge its liabilities as they fall due for the 12 months immediately following the date on which the buyback or redemption is proposed (or until the Company is dissolved on a solvent basis, if earlier).

If the above conditions are met, we may purchase common shares in the manner described below.

We may purchase on a stock exchange our own fully paid common shares pursuant to a special resolution of our shareholders specifying (a) the maximum number of common shares to be purchased, (b) the maximum and minimum prices that may be paid and (c) a date, not being later than 5 years after the passing of the resolution, on which the authority to purchase is to expire.

We may purchase our own fully paid common shares otherwise than on a stock exchange pursuant to a special resolution of our shareholders, but only if the purchase is made on the terms of a written purchase contract which has been approved in advance by an ordinary resolution of our shareholders. The shareholder from whom we propose to purchase or redeem common shares is not entitled to vote in respect of the common shares to be purchased.

We may fund a redemption or purchase of our own common shares from any source. We cannot purchase our common shares if, as a result of such purchase, only redeemable common shares would remain in issue.

If authorized by a resolution of our shareholders, any shares that we redeem or purchase may be held by us as treasury shares. Any shares held by us as treasury shares may be cancelled, sold, transferred for the purposes of or under an employee share scheme or held without cancelling, selling or transferring them. Shares redeemed or purchased by us are cancelled where we have not been authorized to hold these as treasury shares.

Mandatory Purchases and Acquisitions

The Jersey Companies Law provides that where a person has made an offer to acquire a class or all of our outstanding common shares not already held by the person and has as a result of such offer acquired or contractually agreed to acquire 90% or more in nominal value of such outstanding common shares, that person is then entitled (and may be required) to acquire the remaining common shares. In such circumstances, a holder of any such remaining common shares may apply to the Jersey court for an order that the person making such offer not

 

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be entitled to purchase the holder’s common shares or that the person purchase the holder’s common shares on terms different to those under which the person made such offer.

Other than as described above and below under “—U.K. City Code on Takeovers and Mergers,” we are not subject to any regulations under which a shareholder that acquires a certain level of share ownership is then required to offer to purchase all of our remaining common shares on the same terms as such shareholder’s prior purchase.

Compromises and Arrangements

Where we and our creditors or shareholders or a class of either of them propose a compromise or arrangement between us and our creditors or our shareholders or a class of either of them (as applicable), the Jersey court may order a meeting of the creditors or class of creditors or of our shareholders or class of shareholders (as applicable) to be called in such a manner as the court directs. Any compromise or arrangement approved by a majority in number present and voting at the meeting representing 75% or more in value of the creditors or 75% or more of the voting rights of shareholders or class of either of them (as applicable) if sanctioned by the court, is binding upon us and all the creditors, shareholders or members of the specific class of either of them (as applicable).

Whether the capital of the Company is to be treated as being divided into a single or multiple class(es) of shares is a matter to be determined by the court. The court may in its discretion treat a single class of shares as multiple classes, or multiple classes of shares as a single class, for the purposes of the shareholder approval referred to above taking into account all relevant circumstances, which may include circumstances other than the rights attaching to the shares themselves.

U.K. City Code on Takeovers and Mergers

The U.K. City Code on Takeovers and Mergers, or the Takeover Code, applies, among other things, (i) to an offer for a public company whose registered office is in the Channel Islands and whose securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market or a multilateral trading facility in the U.K. or any stock exchange in the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man, or (ii) if the company is a public company and is considered by the Panel on Takeovers and Mergers, or the Takeover Panel, to have its place of central management and control in the U.K. or the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man (in each case, a Code Company). This is known as the “residency test.” Under the Takeover Code, the Takeover Panel will determine whether we have our place of central management and control in the U.K., the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man by looking at various factors, including the structure of our board of directors, the functions of the directors, and where they are resident.

If at the time of a takeover offer, the Takeover Panel determines that the residency test is satisfied and we have our place of central management and control in the U.K., we would be subject to several rules and restrictions, including but not limited to the following: (i) our ability to enter into deal protection arrangements with a bidder would be extremely limited; (ii) we might not, without the approval of our shareholders, be able to perform certain actions that could have the effect of frustrating an offer, such as issuing shares or carrying out acquisitions or disposals; and (iii) we would be obliged to provide equality of information to all bona fide competing bidders. The Takeover Code also contains certain rules in respect of mandatory offers for Code Companies. Under Rule 9 of the Takeover Code, if a person:

 

   

acquires an interest in shares of a Code Company that, when taken together with shares in which persons acting in concert with such person are interested, carry 30% or more of the voting rights of the Code Company; or

 

   

who, together with persons acting in concert with such person, is interested in shares that in the aggregate carry not less than 30% and not more than 50% of the voting rights in the Code Company, acquires additional interests in shares that increase the percentage of shares carrying voting rights in which that person is interested, the acquirer, and, depending on the circumstances, its concert parties, would be required (except with the consent of the Takeover Panel) to make a cash offer (or provide a cash alternative) for the Code Company’s outstanding shares at a price not less than the highest price paid for any interests in the shares by the acquirer or its concert parties during the previous 12 months.

 

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Upon completion of this offering, we expect a majority of our board of directors to reside outside of the U.K., the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man. Based upon our current and intended plans for our directors and management, for the purposes of the Takeover Code, we anticipate that the residency test will not be met and that we will be considered to have our place of central management and control outside the U.K., the Channel Islands or the Isle of Man. Therefore, the Takeover Code should not apply to us. It is possible that in the future changes in the Board’s composition, changes in the Takeover Panel’s interpretation of the Takeover Code, or other events may cause the Takeover Code to apply to us.

Rights of Minority Shareholders

Under Article 141 of the Jersey Companies Law, a shareholder may apply to court for relief on the grounds that the conduct of our affairs, including a proposed or actual act or omission by us, is “unfairly prejudicial” to the interests of our shareholders generally or of some part of our shareholders, including at least the shareholder making the application. What amounts to unfair prejudice is not defined in the Jersey Companies Law. There may also be common law personal actions available to our shareholders.

Under Article 143 of the Jersey Companies Law (which sets out the types of relief a court may grant in relation to an action brought under Article 141 of the Jersey Companies Law), the court may make an order regulating our affairs, requiring us to refrain from doing or continuing to do an act complained of, authorizing civil proceedings and providing for the purchase of common shares by us or by any of our other shareholders.

Jersey Regulatory Matters

The Jersey Financial Services Commission, or the JFSC, has given, and has not withdrawn, its consent under Article 2 of the Control of Borrowing (Jersey) Order 1958 to the issue of our common shares. The JFSC is protected by the Control of Borrowing (Jersey) Law 1947 against any liability arising from the discharge of its functions under that law.

A copy of this prospectus has been delivered to the Jersey Registrar of Companies in accordance with Article 5 of the Companies (General Provisions) (Jersey) Order 2002 and the Jersey Registrar of Companies has given, and has not withdrawn, his consent to its circulation.

It must be distinctly understood that, in giving these consents, neither the Jersey Registrar of Companies nor the JFSC takes any responsibility for the financial soundness of the Company or for the correctness of any statements made, or opinions expressed, with regard to it. If you are in any doubt about the contents of this prospectus, you should consult your stockbroker, bank manager, solicitor, accountant, or other financial adviser.

The price of securities and the income from them can go down as well as up. Nothing in this prospectus or anything communicated to holders or potential holders of any of our common shares (or interests in them) by or on behalf of the Company is intended to constitute or should be construed as advice on the merits of the purchase of or subscription for any common shares (or interests in them) for the purposes of the Financial Services (Jersey) Law 1998.

The directors of the Company have taken all reasonable care to ensure that the facts stated in this prospectus are true and accurate in all material respects, and that there are no other facts the omission of which would make misleading any statement in the prospectus, whether of facts or opinion. All the directors of the Company accept responsibility accordingly.

 

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Differences in Corporate Law

The applicable provisions of the Jersey Companies Law differ from laws applicable to U.S. corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of certain differences between the provisions of the Jersey Companies Law applicable to us and the Delaware General Corporation Law relating to shareholders’ rights and protections. This summary is not intended to be a complete discussion of the respective rights and it is qualified in its entirety by reference to Delaware law and Jersey law.

 

CORPORATE LAW ISSUE

  

DELAWARE LAW

  

JERSEY LAW

Special Meetings of Shareholders   

Shareholders generally do not have the right to call meetings of shareholders unless that right is granted in the certificate of incorporation or by-laws.

 

However, if a corporation fails to hold its annual meeting within a period of 30 days after the date designated for the annual meeting, or if no date has been designated for a period of 13 months after its last annual meeting, the Delaware Court of Chancery may order a meeting to be held upon the application of a shareholder.

  

Shareholders holding 10% or more of the company’s voting rights and entitled to vote at the relevant meeting may legally require our directors to call a meeting of shareholders.

 

The JFSC may, at the request of any officer, secretary, or shareholder, call or direct the calling of an annual general meeting. Failure to call an annual general meeting in accordance with the requirements of the Jersey Companies Law is a criminal offense on the part of a Jersey company and its directors and secretary.

Interested Director Transactions   

Interested director transactions are permissible and may not be legally voided if:

 

   either a majority of disinterested directors, or a majority in interest of holders of shares of the corporation’s capital stock entitled to vote upon the matter, approves the transaction upon disclosure of all material facts; or

 

   the transaction is determined to have been fair as to the corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the board of directors, a committee thereof or the shareholders.

  

An interested director must disclose to the company the nature and extent of any interest in a transaction with the company, or one of its subsidiaries, which to a material extent conflicts or may conflict with the interests of the company and of which the director is aware. Failure to disclose an interest entitles the company or a shareholder to apply to the court for an order setting aside the transaction concerned and directing that the director account to the company for any profit.

 

A transaction is not voidable and a director is not accountable notwithstanding a failure to disclose an interest if the transaction is confirmed by special resolution and the nature and extent of the director’s interest in the transaction are disclosed in reasonable detail in the notice calling the meeting at which the resolution is passed.

 

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CORPORATE LAW ISSUE

  

DELAWARE LAW

  

JERSEY LAW

     

Although it may still order that a director account for any profit, a court will not set aside a transaction unless it is satisfied that the interests of third parties who have acted in good faith would not thereby be unfairly prejudiced and the transaction was not reasonable and fair in the interests of the company at the time it was entered into.

Cumulative Voting    The certificate of incorporation of a Delaware corporation may provide that shareholders of any class or classes or of any series may vote cumulatively either at all elections or at elections under specified circumstances.    There are no provisions in the Jersey Companies Law relating to cumulative voting.
Approval of Corporate Matters by Written Consent   

Unless otherwise specified in a corporation’s certificate of incorporation, shareholders may take action permitted to be taken at an annual or special meeting, without a meeting, notice, or a vote, if consents, in writing, setting forth the action, are signed by shareholders with not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize the action at a meeting. All consents must be dated and are only effective if the requisite signatures are collected within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered.

   If permitted by the articles of association of a company, a written consent signed and passed by the specified majority of members may affect any matter that otherwise may be brought before a shareholders’ meeting, except for the removal of a company’s auditors. Such consent shall be deemed effective when the instrument, or the last of several instruments, is signed by the specified majority of members or on such later date as is specified in the resolution. However, it is intended that the right to pass written resolutions by the shareholders will be excluded in the articles of association if Carlyle owns less than 50% of our outstanding common shares.
Business Combinations    With certain exceptions, a merger, consolidation, or sale of all or substantially all the assets of a Delaware corporation must be approved by the board of directors and a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon.    A sale or disposal of all or substantially all the assets of a Jersey company must be approved by the board of directors and, only if the articles of association of the company require, by the shareholders in general meeting. A merger involving a Jersey company must be generally documented in a merger agreement which must be approved by special resolution of that company.

 

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CORPORATE LAW ISSUE

  

DELAWARE LAW

  

JERSEY LAW

Limitations on Director’s Liability and Indemnification of Directors and Officers   

A Delaware corporation may include in its certificate of incorporation provisions limiting the personal liability of its directors to the corporation or its shareholders for monetary damages for many types of breach of fiduciary duty. However, these provisions may not limit liability for any breach of the duty of loyalty, acts or omissions not in good faith or that involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, the authorization of unlawful dividends, stock purchases, or redemptions, or any transaction from which a director derived an improper personal benefit. Moreover, these provisions would not be likely to bar claims arising under U.S. federal securities laws.

 

A Delaware corporation may indemnify a director or officer of the corporation against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred in defense of an action, suit, or proceeding by reason of his or her position if (i) the director or officer acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, and (ii) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, the director or officer had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

  

The Jersey Companies Law does not contain any provision permitting Jersey companies to limit the liabilities of directors for breach of fiduciary duty.

 

However, a Jersey company may exempt from liability, and indemnify directors and officers for, liabilities:

 

   incurred in defending any civil or criminal legal proceedings where:

 

   the person is either acquitted or receives a judgment in their favor;

 

   where the proceedings are discontinued other than by reason of such person (or someone on their behalf) giving some benefit or suffering some detriment; or

 

   where the proceedings are settled on terms that such person (or someone on their behalf) gives some benefit or suffers some detriment but in the opinion of a majority of the disinterested directors, the person was substantially successful on the merits in the person’s resistance to the proceedings;

 

   incurred to anyone other than to the company if the person acted in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company;

 

   incurred in connection with an application made to the court for relief from liability for negligence, default, breach of duty, or breach of trust under Article 212 of the Jersey Companies Law in which relief is granted to the person by the court; or

 

   incurred in a case in which the company normally maintains insurance for persons other than directors.

 

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CORPORATE LAW ISSUE

  

DELAWARE LAW

  

JERSEY LAW

Appraisal Rights    A shareholder of a Delaware corporation participating in certain major corporate transactions may, under certain circumstances, be entitled to appraisal rights under which the shareholder may receive cash in the amount of the fair value of the shares held by that shareholder (as determined by a court) in lieu of the consideration the shareholder would otherwise receive in the transaction.    No appraisal rights.
Shareholder Suits    Class actions and derivative actions generally are available to the shareholders of a Delaware corporation for, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, corporate waste, and actions not taken in accordance with applicable law. In such actions, the court has discretion to permit the winning party to recover attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with such action.   

Under Article 141 of the Jersey Companies Law, a shareholder may apply to court for relief on the ground that the conduct of a company’s affairs, including a proposed or actual act or omission by a company, is “unfairly prejudicial” to the interests of shareholders generally or of some part of shareholders, including at least the shareholder making the application.

 

Under Article 143 of the Jersey Companies Law (which sets out the types of relief a court may grant in relation to an action brought under Article 141 of the Jersey Companies Law), the court may make an order regulating the affairs of a company, requiring a company to refrain from doing or continuing to do an act complained of, authorizing civil proceedings and providing for the purchase of shares by a company or by any of its other shareholders. There may be customary personal law actions available to shareholders which would include certain derivate and other actions to bring proceedings against the directors of the company as well as the company.

Inspection of Books and Records    All shareholders of a Delaware corporation have the right, upon written demand, to inspect or obtain copies of the corporation’s shares ledger and its other books and records for any purpose    The register of shareholders and books containing the minutes of general meetings or of meetings of any class of shareholders of a Jersey company must during business hours be open to the

 

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CORPORATE LAW ISSUE

  

DELAWARE LAW

  

JERSEY LAW

   reasonably related to such person’s interest as a shareholder.    inspection of a shareholder of the company without charge. The register of directors and secretaries must during business hours (subject to such reasonable restrictions as the company may by its articles of association or in general meeting impose, but so that not less than two hours in each business day be allowed for inspection) be open to the inspection of a shareholder or director of the company without charge.
Amendments to Charter    Amendments to the certificate of incorporation of a Delaware corporation require the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon or such greater vote as is provided for in the certificate of incorporation. A provision in the certificate of incorporation requiring the vote of a greater number or proportion of the directors or of the holders of any class of shares than is required by Delaware corporate law may not be amended, altered or repealed except by such greater vote.    The memorandum of association and articles of association of a Jersey company may only be amended by special resolution (being a two-third majority if the articles of association of the company do not specify a greater majority) passed by shareholders in general meeting or by written resolution signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our ordinary shares is              . Its address is             , and its telephone number is              .

Listing

We intend to apply to have our ordinary share listed on the Nasdaq under the symbol “GAMB.”

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares. Future shares of substantial amounts of ordinary shares, including shares issued upon the exercise of outstanding options, in the public market after this offering, or the possibility of these sales occurring, could adversely affect the prevailing market price for our ordinary shares or impair our ability to raise equity capital.

Upon completion of this offering, we will have an aggregate of              ordinary shares outstanding, or              ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase addition ordinary shares in full. Of these shares, the            shares sold in this offering by us will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless purchased by “affiliates” as that term is defined under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, who may sell only the volume of shares described below and whose sales would be subject to additional restrictions described below. The remaining              shares, representing              of our outstanding shares will be held by our existing shareholders. These shares will be “restricted securities” as that phrase is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Subject to certain contractual restrictions, including the lock-up agreements described below, holders of restricted shares will be entitled to sell those shares in the public market pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144. Sales of these shares in the public market after the restrictions under the lock-up agreements lapse, or the perception that those sales may occur, could cause the prevailing market price to decrease or to be lower than it might be in the absence of those sales or perceptions.

Lock-up Agreements

We have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to offer, sell, or dispose of any shares of our share capital or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any shares of our share capital during the 180-day period following the date of this prospectus. Members of our board of directors and our executive officers have agreed to substantially similar lock-up provisions, subject to certain exceptions. For more information, see “Underwriting.”

Eligibility of Restricted Shares for Sale in the Public Market

The              ordinary shares that are not being sold in this offering, but which will be outstanding at the time this offering is complete, will be eligible for sale into the public market, under the provisions of Rule 144 commencing after the expiration of the restrictions under the lock-up agreements, subject to volume restrictions discussed below under “—Rule 144.”

Rule 144

In general, under Rule 144 under the Securities Act, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least six months (including any period of consecutive ownership of preceding non-affiliated holders) would be entitled to sell those shares, subject only to the availability of current public information about us. A non-affiliated person who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least one year would be entitled to sell those shares without regard to the provisions of Rule 144.

A person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is deemed to be an affiliate of ours and who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least six months would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of one percent of the then outstanding shares of our ordinary shares or the average weekly trading volume of our ordinary shares on the              during the four calendar weeks preceding such sale. Such sales are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us. As affiliates of us, commencing after the expiration or waiver of the lock-up agreements described above, will each be able to sell shares that it holds pursuant to the exemption described in this paragraph.

 

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Options

Following the completion of this offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 under the Securities Act to register              ordinary shares reserved for issuance under our equity incentive plans. The registration statement on Form S-8 will become effective automatically upon filing.

Ordinary shares issued upon exercise of a share option and registered under the Form S-8 registration statement will, subject to vesting provisions, lock-up agreements with the underwriters and Rule 144 volume limitations applicable to our affiliates, be available for sale in the open market immediately after the 180-day lock up agreements expire.

 

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TAXATION

The following description is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. You should consult your own tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of your particular situation, as well as any tax consequences that may arise under the laws of any state, local, foreign or other taxing jurisdiction.

Jersey Tax Considerations

This summary of Jersey taxation issues can only provide a general overview of this area and it is not a description of all the tax considerations that may be relevant to a decision to invest in the Company.

The following summary of the anticipated treatment of the Company and holders of common shares (other than residents of Jersey) is based on Jersey taxation law and practice as it is understood to apply at the date of this document and may be subject to any changes in Jersey law occurring after such date. It does not constitute legal or tax advice and does not address all aspects of Jersey tax law and practice (including such tax law and practice as it applies to any land or building situate in Jersey). Legal advice should be taken with regard to individual circumstances. Prospective investors in the common shares should consult their professional advisers on the implications of acquiring, buying, selling or otherwise disposing of common shares in the Company under the laws of any jurisdiction in which they may be liable to taxation.

Shareholders should note that tax law and interpretation can change and that, in particular, the levels and basis of, and reliefs from, taxation may change and may alter the benefits of investment in the Company.

Any person who is in any doubt about their tax position or who is subject to taxation in a jurisdiction other than Jersey should consult their own professional adviser.

Company Residence

Under the Income Tax (Jersey) Law 1961 (as amended), or Tax Law, the Company shall be regarded as resident in Jersey if it is incorporated under the Jersey Companies Law unless:

 

   

its business is centrally managed and controlled outside Jersey in a country or territory where the highest rate at which any company may be charged to tax on any part of its income is 10% or higher; and

 

   

the Company is resident for tax purposes in that country or territory.

Summary

Under current Jersey law, there are no capital gains, capital transfer, gift, wealth or inheritance taxes, or any death or estate duties. No capital or stamp duty is levied in Jersey on the issue, conversion, redemption, or transfer of common shares. On the death of an individual holder of common shares (whether or not such individual was domiciled in Jersey), duty at rates of up to 0.75% of the value of the relevant common shares may be payable on the registration of any Jersey probate or letters of administration which may be required in order to transfer, convert, redeem, or make payments in respect of, common shares held by a deceased individual sole shareholder, subject to a cap of £100,000.

Income Tax—The Company

The general rate of income tax under the Tax Law on the profits of companies regarded as resident in Jersey or having a permanent establishment in Jersey is 0%, or zero tax rating. Certain exceptions from zero tax rating apply, namely:

(1)    companies which are regulated by the Jersey Financial Services Commission under certain sections of the Financial Services (Jersey) Law 1998, the Banking Business (Jersey) Law 1991, or the Collective Investment Funds (Jersey) Law 1988, shall be subject to income tax at a rate of 10%, (these companies are defined as “financial services companies” in the Tax Law);

(2)    specifically identified utility companies shall be subject to income tax at a rate of 20%, (these companies are defined as “utility companies” in the Tax Law); and

(3)    any income derived from the ownership or disposal of land in Jersey shall be subject to income tax at a rate of 20%.

 

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Income Tax—Shareholders

Persons holding common shares who are not resident for taxation purposes in Jersey will be exempt from Jersey income tax on dividends from the Company.

Shareholders who are resident for income tax purposes in Jersey will be subject to income tax in Jersey at the standard rate of 20% on any dividends paid on common shares held by them or on their behalf and income tax may be withheld by the Company on payment of any such dividends.

Article 134A of the Tax Law contains a general anti-avoidance provision, which in the view of the Taxes Office may be utilized, in certain circumstances, in respect of individuals who are resident in Jersey and who invest in capital investments, where the main or one of the main purposes of the investment is the avoidance of tax.

Withholding Tax—The Company

For so long as the Company is rated for tax, or is not deemed to be resident for tax purposes in Jersey, no withholding in respect of Jersey taxation will be required on payments in respect of the common shares to any holder of the common shares not resident in Jersey.

Stamp Duty

In Jersey, no stamp duty is levied on the issue or transfer of the common shares (unless there is any element of Jersey residential property being transferred, in which case a land transaction tax may apply pursuant to the Taxation (Land Transactions) (Jersey) Law 2009) except that stamp duty is payable on Jersey grants of probate and letters of administration, which will generally be required to transfer common shares on the death of a holder of such common shares if such holder was entered as the holder of the shares on the register maintained in Jersey. In the case of a grant of probate or letters of administration, stamp duty is levied according to the size of the estate (wherever situated in respect of a holder of common shares domiciled in Jersey, or situated in Jersey in respect of a holder of common shares domiciled outside Jersey) and is payable on a sliding scale at a rate of up to 0.75% on the value of an estate with a maximum value of £13,360,000. The rules for joint holders and holdings through a nominee are different and advice relating to this form of holding should be obtained from a professional adviser.

Jersey does not otherwise levy taxes upon capital, inheritances, capital gains or gifts nor are there otherwise estate duties.

Goods and Services Tax

Pursuant to the Goods and Services Tax (Jersey) Law 2007, or GST Law, a tax rate which is currently 5% applies to the supply of goods and services, unless the supply is regarded as exempt or zero rated, or the relevant supplier or recipient of such goods and services is registered as an “international services entity.”

A company must register for GST if its turnover is greater than £300,000 in any 12 month period, and will then need to charge GST to its customers. Companies can also choose to register voluntarily.

A company may apply to be registered as an International Services Entity, or ISE, if it mainly serves non-Jersey residents. By virtue of a company being an ISE, it will not have to register for GST, will not charge GST on its supplies, and will not be charged GST on its purchases.

The Company will be an ISE within the meaning of the GST Law, as it satisfies the requirements of the Goods and Services Tax (International Services Entities) (Jersey) Regulations 2008, as amended. As long as it continues to be such an entity, a supply of goods or of a service made by or to the Company shall not be a taxable supply for the purposes of the GST Law.

Substance Legislation

With effect from January 1, 2019, Jersey implemented legislation to meet EU demands for companies to have substance in certain circumstances. Broadly, part of the legislation is intended to apply to holding companies managed and controlled in Jersey.

 

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The summary of certain Jersey tax issues is based on the laws and regulations in force as of the date of this document and may be subject to any changes in Jersey laws occurring after such date. Legal advice should be taken with regard to individual circumstances. Any person who is in any doubt as to his/her tax position or where he/she is resident, or otherwise subject to taxation, in a jurisdiction other than the U.S., the U.K. and Jersey, should consult his/her professional adviser.

U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations

The following is a description of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences relating to the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. This description addresses only the U.S. federal income tax consequences to holders that are initial purchasers of our ordinary shares pursuant to the offering and that will hold such ordinary shares as capital assets. This description does not address tax considerations applicable to holders that may be subject to special tax rules, including, without limitation:

 

   

banks, financial institutions or insurance companies;

 

   

real estate investment trusts, regulated investment companies or grantor trusts;

 

   

brokers, dealers or traders in securities, commodities or currencies;

 

   

tax-exempt entities or organizations, including an “individual retirement account” or “Roth IRA” as defined in Section 408 or 408A of the Code, respectively;

 

   

certain former citizens or long-term residents of the U.S.;

 

   

persons that received our shares as compensation for the performance of services;

 

   

persons that will hold our shares as part of a “hedging,” “integrated” or “conversion” transaction or as a position in a “straddle” for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

   

partnerships (including entities classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or other pass-through entities, or holders that will hold our shares through such an entity;

 

   

S corporations;

 

   

holders that acquire ordinary shares as a result of holding or owning our preferred shares;

 

   

holders whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar; or

 

   

holders that own directly, indirectly or constructively 10% or more of the voting power or value of our shares.

Moreover, this description does not address the U.S. federal estate, gift or alternative minimum tax consequences, or any state, local or foreign tax consequences, of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.

This description is based on the Code, existing, proposed and temporary U.S. Treasury Regulations and judicial and administrative interpretations thereof, in each case as in effect and available on the date hereof. All of the foregoing is subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below. There can be no assurances that the U.S. Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, will not take a different position concerning the tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares or that such a position would not be sustained. Holders should consult their own tax advisors concerning the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of purchasing, owning and disposing of our ordinary shares in their particular circumstances.

For purposes of this description, a “U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, is:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the U.S.;

 

   

a corporation (or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S. or any state thereof, including the District of Columbia;

 

   

an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

   

a trust if such trust has validly elected to be treated as a U.S. person for U.S. federal income tax purposes or if (1) a court within the U.S. is able to exercise primary supervision over its administration and (2) one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all of the substantial decisions of such trust.

 

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A “Non-U.S. Holder” is a beneficial owner of our ordinary shares that is neither a U.S. Holder nor a partnership (or other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes).

If a partnership (or any other entity treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) holds our ordinary shares, the tax treatment of a partner in such partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. Such a partner or partnership should consult its tax advisor as to the particular U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our ordinary shares in its particular circumstance.

You should consult your tax advisor with respect to the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of acquiring, owning and disposing of our ordinary shares.

Distributions

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” if you are a U.S. Holder, the gross amount of any distribution made to you with respect to our ordinary shares before reduction for any Jersey taxes withheld therefrom, other than certain distributions, if any, of our ordinary shares distributed pro rata to all our shareholders, generally will be includible in your income as dividend income to the extent such distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles. To the extent that the amount of any distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles, it will be treated first as a return of your adjusted tax basis in our ordinary shares and thereafter as either long-term or short-term capital gain depending upon whether the U.S. Holder has held our ordinary shares for more than one year as of the time such distribution is received. However, because we do not expect to maintain calculations of our earnings and profits under U.S. federal income tax principles, U.S. Holders should expect that the entire amount of any distribution generally will be reportable as dividend income. Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” non-corporate U.S. Holders may qualify for the preferential rates of taxation with respect to dividends on ordinary shares applicable to long-term capital gains (i.e., gains from the sale of capital assets held for more than one year), provided that certain conditions are met, including the absence of certain risk reduction transactions. In addition, some corporate U.S. Holders may be entitled to a dividends received deduction. However, such preferential rate of taxation shall not apply if we are a PFIC for the taxable year in which we pay a dividend, or if we were a PFIC for the preceding taxable year. Likewise, such dividends will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction generally allowed to corporate U.S. Holders.

Subject to certain conditions and limitations, any Jersey tax withheld on dividends may be deducted from your taxable income or credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. If you are a U.S. Holder, dividends paid to you with respect to our ordinary shares will generally be treated as foreign source income, which may be relevant in calculating your foreign tax credit limitation. However, for periods in which we are a “U.S.-owned foreign corporation,” a portion of dividends paid by us may be treated as U.S. source solely for purposes of the foreign tax credit. We would be treated as a U.S.-owned foreign corporation if 50% or more of the total value or total voting power of our shares are owned, directly, indirectly or constructively by U.S. persons. To the extent any portion of our dividends is treated as U.S. source income pursuant to this rule, the ability of a U.S. Holder to claim a foreign tax credit for any Jersey withholding taxes payable in respect of our dividends may be limited. U.S. Holders should consult their own tax advisors about the impact of, and any exception available to, the special sourcing rule described in this paragraph, and the desirability of making, and the method of making, such an election.

The limitation on foreign taxes eligible for credit is calculated separately with respect to specific classes of income. For this purpose, dividends that we distribute generally should constitute “passive category income,” or, in the case of certain U.S. Holders, “general category income.” A foreign tax credit for foreign taxes imposed on distributions may be denied if you do not satisfy certain minimum holding period requirements. The rules relating to the determination of the foreign tax credit are complex, and you should consult your tax advisor to determine whether and to what extent you will be entitled to this credit.

 

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Subject to the discussion below under “Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements,” if you are a Non-U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income (or withholding) tax on dividends received by you on our ordinary shares, unless you conduct a trade or business in the U.S. and such income is effectively connected with that trade or business (or, if required by an applicable income tax treaty, the dividends are attributable to a permanent establishment or fixed base that such holder maintains in the U.S.).

Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Ordinary Shares

Subject to the discussion below under “Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations,” if you are a U.S. Holder, you generally will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares equal to the difference between the amount realized on such sale, exchange or other taxable disposition and your adjusted tax basis in our ordinary shares, and such gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If Jersey tax is imposed on the sale, exchange or other disposition of our ordinary shares, a U.S. Holder’s amount realized will include the gross amount of the proceeds before deduction of the Jersey tax. The adjusted tax basis in an ordinary share generally will be equal to the cost of such ordinary share. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, capital gain from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of ordinary shares is generally eligible for a preferential rate of taxation applicable to capital gains, provided that your holding period for such ordinary shares exceeds one year (i.e., such gain is long-term capital gain). The deductibility of capital losses for U.S. federal income tax purposes is subject to limitations under the Code.

Any gain or loss that a U.S. Holder recognizes from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares generally will be treated as U.S. source income or loss for foreign tax credit limitation purposes. Accordingly, because you may use foreign tax credits to offset only the portion of U.S. federal income tax liability that is attributed to foreign source income, you may be unable to claim a foreign tax credit with respect to the Jersey tax, if any, on gains from the sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of our ordinary shares. You should consult your tax advisor as to whether the Jersey tax on gains may be creditable against your U.S. federal income tax on foreign-source income from other sources.

Subject to the discussion below under “Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements,” if you are not a U.S. Holder, you generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax on any gain realized on the sale or exchange of our shares, unless:

 

   

such gain is effectively connected with your conduct of a trade or business in the U.S.;

 

   

or you are an individual and have been present in the U.S. for 183 days or more in the taxable year of such sale or exchange and certain other conditions are met.

Passive Foreign Investment Company Considerations

A non-U.S. corporation will generally be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes in any taxable year in which, after applying certain look-through rules with respect to the income and assets of subsidiaries, either:

 

   

at least 75% of its gross income is “passive income”; or

 

   

on average at least 50% of the gross value of its assets, determined on a quarterly basis, is attributable to assets that produce passive income or are held for the production of passive income.

 

   

Although PFIC status is determined on an annual basis and generally cannot be determined until the end of the taxable year, based on current estimates of our gross income, gross assets and the nature of our business, we do not expect that we should be treated as a PFIC for our current taxable year. However, because the PFIC determination is highly fact intensive and made at the end of each taxable year, it is possible that we may be a PFIC for the current or any future taxable year or that the IRS may challenge our determination concerning our PFIC status. Because of the uncertainties involved in establishing our PFIC status, our U.S. counsel expresses no opinion regarding our PFIC status, and also expresses no opinion with respect to our predictions or past determinations regarding our PFIC status.

If we are a PFIC in any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder owns ordinary shares, such U.S. Holder could be liable for additional taxes and interest charges upon (1) a distribution paid during a taxable year that is greater than

 

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125% of the average annual distributions paid in the three preceding taxable years, or, if shorter, the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares, and (2) any gain recognized on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition, including a pledge, of the ordinary shares, whether or not we continue to be a PFIC. In these circumstances, the tax will be determined by allocating such distribution or gain ratably over the U.S. Holder’s holding period for the ordinary shares. The amount allocated to the current taxable year (i.e., the year in which the distribution occurs or the gain is recognized) and any year prior to the first taxable year in which we are a PFIC will be taxed as ordinary income earned in the current taxable year. The amount allocated to other taxable years will be taxed at the highest marginal rates in effect for individuals or corporations, as applicable, to ordinary income for each such taxable year, and an interest charge, generally applicable to underpayments of tax, will be added to the tax. If we are a PFIC for any year during which a U.S. Holder holds the ordinary shares, we must generally continue to be treated as a PFIC by that holder for all succeeding years during which the U.S. Holder holds the ordinary shares, unless we cease to meet the requirements for PFIC status and the U.S. Holder makes a “deemed sale” election with respect to the ordinary shares. If such election is made, the U.S. Holder will be deemed to have sold the ordinary shares it holds at their fair market value on the last day of the last taxable year in which we qualified as a PFIC, and any gain from such deemed sale would be subject to the consequences described above. After the deemed sale election, the U.S. Holder’s ordinary shares with respect to which the deemed sale election was made will not be treated as shares in a PFIC, unless we subsequently again become a PFIC.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder holds the ordinary shares and one of our non-U.S. subsidiaries is also a PFIC (i.e., a lower-tier PFIC), such U.S. Holder would be treated as owning a proportionate amount (by value) of the shares of the lower-tier PFIC and would be subject to the rules described above on certain distributions by the lower-tier PFIC and a disposition of shares of the lower-tier PFIC, even though such U.S. Holder would not receive the proceeds of those distributions or dispositions. Each U.S. Holder is advised to consult its tax advisors regarding the application of the PFIC rules to any of our subsidiaries.

The tax consequences that would apply if we were a PFIC would be different from those described above if a timely and valid “mark-to-market” election is made by a U.S. Holder for the ordinary shares held by such U.S. Holder. An electing U.S. Holder generally would take into account as ordinary income each year, the excess of the fair market value of the ordinary shares held at the end of the taxable year over the adjusted tax basis of such ordinary shares. The U.S. Holder would also take into account, as an ordinary loss each year, the excess of the adjusted tax basis of such ordinary shares over their fair market value at the end of the taxable year, but only to the extent of the excess of amounts previously included in income over ordinary losses deducted in prior years as a result of the mark-to-market election. The U.S. Holder’s tax basis in the ordinary shares would be adjusted to reflect any income or loss recognized as a result of the mark-to-market election. Any gain from a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of the ordinary shares in any taxable year in which we are a PFIC would be treated as ordinary income and any loss from such sale, exchange or other taxable disposition would be treated first as ordinary loss (to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains previously included in income) and thereafter as capital loss. If, after having been a PFIC for a prior taxable year, we cease to be classified as a PFIC, the U.S. Holder would not be required to take into account any latent gain or loss in the manner described above and any gain or loss recognized on the sale or exchange of the ordinary shares would be classified as a capital gain or loss.

A mark-to-market election is available to a U.S. Holder only for “marketable stock.” Generally, ordinary shares will be considered marketable stock if it is “regularly traded” on a “qualified exchange” within the meaning of applicable Treasury Regulations. A class of stock is regularly traded during any calendar year during which such class of stock is traded, other than in de minimis quantities, on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter. The ordinary shares will be marketable stock as long as they remain listed on a qualified exchange, such as Nasdaq or the New York Stock Exchange, and are regularly traded. A mark-to-market election will not apply to the ordinary shares for any taxable year during which we are not a PFIC, but will remain in effect with respect to any subsequent taxable year in which we become a PFIC. Such election will not apply to any subsidiary that we own. Accordingly, a U.S. Holder may continue to be subject to the PFIC rules with respect to any lower-tier PFICs notwithstanding the U.S. Holder’s mark-to-market election for the ordinary shares.

 

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The tax consequences that would apply if we were a PFIC would also be different from those described above if a U.S. Holder were able to make a valid “qualified electing fund,” or QEF, election. As we do not expect to provide U.S. Holders with the information required in order to permit a QEF election, prospective investors should assume that a QEF election will not be available.

Each U.S. Holder who is a shareholder of a PFIC must file an annual information report on IRS Form 8621 containing such information as the U.S. Treasury Department may require. The failure to file IRS Form 8621 could result in the imposition of penalties and the extension of the statute of limitations with respect to U.S. federal income tax.

The U.S. federal income tax rules relating to PFICs are very complex. Prospective U.S. investors are strongly urged to consult their own tax advisors with respect to the impact of these rules on the purchase, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares, the consequences to them of an investment in a PFIC, any elections available with respect to the ordinary shares and the IRS information reporting obligations with respect to the purchase, ownership and disposition of the ordinary shares.

Medicare Tax

Certain U.S. Holders that are individuals, estates or trusts are subject to a 3.8% tax on all or a portion of their “net investment income,” which may include all or a portion of their dividend income and net gains from the disposition of ordinary shares. Each U.S. Holder that is an individual, estate or trust is urged to consult its tax advisors regarding the applicability of the Medicare tax to its income and gains in respect of its investment in our ordinary shares.

Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting Requirements

U.S. backup withholding tax and information reporting requirements may apply to certain payments to certain holders of stock. Information reporting generally will apply to payments of dividends on, and to proceeds from the sale or redemption of, our ordinary shares made within the U.S., or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, to a holder of our ordinary shares, other than an exempt recipient (including a payee that is not a U.S. person that provides an appropriate certification and certain other persons). A payor will be required to withhold backup withholding tax from any payments of dividends on, or the proceeds from the sale or redemption of, ordinary shares within the U.S., or by a U.S. payor or U.S. middleman, to a holder, other than an exempt recipient, if such holder fails to furnish its correct taxpayer identification number or otherwise fails to comply with, or establish an exemption from, such backup withholding tax requirements. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules will be allowed as a credit against the beneficial owner’s U.S. federal income tax liability, if any, and any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Foreign Asset Reporting

Certain U.S. Holders who are individuals are required to report information relating to an interest in our ordinary shares, subject to certain exceptions (including an exception for shares held in accounts maintained by U.S. financial institutions) by filing IRS Form 8938 (Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets) with their federal income tax return. U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding their information reporting obligations, if any, with respect to their ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares.

The above description is not intended to constitute a complete analysis of all tax consequences relating to acquisition, ownership and disposition of our ordinary shares. You should consult your tax advisor concerning the tax consequences of your particular situation.

 

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UNDERWRITING

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement, dated                     , 2021, between us and Jefferies LLC, as the sole underwriter and the sole book-running manager of this offering, we have agreed to sell to the underwriter, and the underwriter has agreed, to purchase from us,                  ordinary shares.

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriter are subject to certain conditions precedent such as the receipt by the underwriter of officers’ certificates and legal opinions and approval of certain legal matters by its counsel. The underwriting agreement provides that the underwriter will purchase all of the ordinary shares if any of them are purchased. If the underwriter defaults, the underwriting agreement provides that the underwriting agreement may be terminated. We have agreed to indemnify the underwriter and certain of its controlling persons against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, and to contribute to payments that the underwriter may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

The underwriter has advised us that, following the completion of this offering, it currently intends to make a market in the ordinary shares as permitted by applicable laws and regulations. However, the underwriter is not obligated to do so, and the underwriter may discontinue any market-making activities at any time without notice in its sole discretion. Accordingly, no assurance can be given as to the liquidity of the trading market for the ordinary shares, that you will be able to sell any of the ordinary shares held by you at a particular time or that the prices that you receive when you sell will be favorable.

The underwriter is offering the ordinary shares subject to its acceptance of the ordinary shares from us and subject to prior sale. The underwriter reserves the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part. In addition, the underwriter has advised us that it does not intend to confirm sales to any account over which it exercises discretionary authority.

Commission and Expenses

The underwriter has advised us that it proposes to offer the ordinary shares to the public at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers, which may include the underwriter, at that price less a concession not in excess of $                 per ordinary share. The underwriter may allow, and certain dealers may reallow, a discount from the concession not in excess of $                 per ordinary share to certain brokers and dealers. After the offering, the initial public offering price, concession and reallowance to dealers may be reduced by the underwriter. No such reduction will change the amount of proceeds to be received by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

The following table shows the public offering price, the underwriting discounts and commissions that we are to pay the underwriter and the proceeds, before expenses, to us in connection with this offering. Such amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriter’s option to purchase additional shares.

 

 

 

     PER SHARE      TOTAL  
     WITHOUT
OPTION TO
PURCHASE
ADDITIONAL
SHARES
     WITH
OPTION TO
PURCHASE
ADDITIONAL
SHARES
     WITHOUT
OPTION TO
PURCHASE
ADDITIONAL
SHARES
     WITH
OPTION TO
PURCHASE
ADDITIONAL
SHARES
 

Public offering price

   $                    $                    $                    $                

Underwriting discounts and commissions paid by us

   $        $        $        $    

Proceeds to us, before expenses

   $        $        $        $    

 

 

We estimate expenses payable by us in connection with this offering, other than the underwriting discounts and commissions referred to above, will be approximately $                .

 

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Determination of Offering Price

Prior to this offering, there has not been a public market for our ordinary shares. Consequently, the initial public offering price for our ordinary shares will be determined by negotiations between us and the underwriter. Among the factors to be considered in these negotiations will be prevailing market conditions, our financial information, market valuations of other companies that we and the underwriter believe to be comparable to us, estimates of our business potential, the present state of our development and other factors deemed relevant.

We offer no assurances that the initial public offering price will correspond to the price at which the ordinary shares will trade in the public market subsequent to the offering or that an active trading market for the ordinary shares will develop and continue after the offering.

Listing

We intend to apply to have our ordinary shares listed on Nasdaq under the trading symbol “GAMB”.

Stamp Taxes

If you purchase ordinary shares offered in this prospectus, you may be required to pay stamp taxes and other charges under the laws and practices of the country of purchase, in addition to the offering price listed on the cover page of this prospectus.

Option to Purchase Additional Shares

We have granted to the underwriter an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase, from time to time, in whole or in part, up to an aggregate of                  shares from us at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. If the underwriter exercises this option, the underwriter will be obligated, subject to specified conditions, to purchase a number of additional shares proportionate to the underwriter’s initial purchase commitment as indicated in the table above. This option may be exercised only if the underwriter sells more shares than the total number set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

No Sales of Similar Securities

We, our officers, directors and holders of all or substantially all our outstanding capital stock have agreed, subject to specified exceptions, not to directly or indirectly:

 

   

sell, offer, contract or grant any option to sell (including any short sale), pledge, transfer, establish an open “put equivalent position” within the meaning of Rule 16a-l(h) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or

 

   

otherwise dispose of any ordinary shares, options or warrants to acquire ordinary shares, or securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into ordinary shares currently or hereafter owned either of record or beneficially, or

 

   

publicly announce an intention to do any of the foregoing for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the underwriter.

This restriction terminates after the close of trading of the ordinary shares on and including the 180th day after the date of this prospectus.

The underwriter may, in its sole discretion and at any time or from time to time before the termination of the 180-day period release all or any portion of the securities subject to lock-up agreements. There are no existing agreements between the underwriter and any of our shareholders who will execute a lock-up agreement, providing consent to the sale of ordinary shares prior to the expiration of the lock-up period.

 

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Stabilization

The underwriter has advised us that it, pursuant to Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in short sale transactions, stabilizing transactions, syndicate covering transactions or the imposition of penalty bids in connection with this offering. These activities may have the effect of stabilizing or maintaining the market price of the ordinary shares at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. Establishing short sales positions may involve either “covered” short sales or “naked” short sales.

“Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriter’s option to purchase additional ordinary shares in this offering. The underwriter may close out any covered short position by either exercising its option to purchase additional ordinary shares or purchasing our ordinary shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out the covered short position, the underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which it may purchase shares through the option to purchase additional shares.

“Naked” short sales are sales in excess of the option to purchase additional ordinary shares. The underwriter must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriter is concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our ordinary shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering.

A stabilizing bid is a bid for the purchase of ordinary shares on behalf of the underwriter for the purpose of fixing or maintaining the price of the ordinary shares. A syndicate covering transaction is the bid for or the purchase of ordinary shares on behalf of the underwriter to reduce a short position incurred by the underwriter in connection with the offering. Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriter’s purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our ordinary shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our ordinary shares. As a result, the price of our ordinary shares may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. A penalty bid is an arrangement permitting the underwriter to reclaim the selling concession otherwise accruing to a syndicate member in connection with the offering if the ordinary shares originally sold by such syndicate member are purchased in a syndicate covering transaction and therefore have not been effectively placed by such syndicate member.

Neither we nor the underwriter make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our ordinary shares. The underwriter is not obligated to engage in these activities and, if commenced, any of the activities may be discontinued at any time.

The underwriter may also engage in passive market making transactions in our ordinary shares on                  in accordance with Rule 103 of Regulation M during a period before the commencement of offers or sales of our ordinary shares in this offering and extending through the completion of distribution. A passive market maker must display its bid at a price not in excess of the highest independent bid of that security. However, if all independent bids are lowered below the passive market maker’s bid, that bid must then be lowered when specified purchase limits are exceeded.

Electronic Distribution

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available by e-mail or on the websites or through online services maintained by the underwriter or its affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and may be allowed to place orders online. The underwriter may agree with us to allocate a specific number of ordinary shares for sale to online brokerage account holders. Any such allocation for online distributions will be made by the underwriter on the same basis as other allocations. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the underwriter’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the underwriter is not part of this prospectus, has not been approved and/or endorsed by us or the underwriter and should not be relied upon by investors.

 

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Other Activities and Relationships

The underwriter and certain of its affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory, investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. The underwriter and certain of its affiliates have, from time to time, performed, and may in the future perform, various commercial and investment banking and financial advisory services for us and our affiliates, for which they received or will receive customary fees and expenses.

In the ordinary course of its various business activities, the underwriter and certain of its affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers, and such investment and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments issued by us and our affiliates. If the underwriter or its affiliates have a lending relationship with us, they routinely hedge their credit exposure to us consistent with their customary risk management policies. The underwriter and its affiliates may hedge such exposure by entering into transactions which consist of either the purchase of credit default swaps or the creation of short positions in our securities or the securities of our affiliates, including potentially the ordinary shares offered hereby. Any such short positions could adversely affect future trading prices of the ordinary shares offered hereby. The underwriter and certain of its affiliates may also communicate independent investment recommendations, market color or trading ideas and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or instruments and may at any time hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

Selling Restrictions

Canada

(A) Resale Restrictions

The distribution of the securities in Canada is being made only in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia on a private placement basis exempt from the requirement that we prepare and file a prospectus with the securities regulatory authorities in each province where trades of these securities are made. Any resale of the securities in Canada must be made under applicable securities laws which may vary depending on the relevant jurisdiction, and which may require resales to be made under available statutory exemptions or under a discretionary exemption granted by the applicable Canadian securities regulatory authority. Purchasers are advised to seek legal advice prior to any resale of the securities.

(B) Representations of Canadian Purchasers

By purchasing the securities in Canada and accepting delivery of a purchase confirmation, a purchaser is representing to us and the dealer from whom the purchase confirmation is received that:

 

   

the purchaser is entitled under applicable provincial securities laws to purchase the securities without the benefit of a prospectus qualified under those securities laws as it is an “accredited investor” as defined under National Instrument 45-106—Prospectus Exemptions;

 

   

the purchaser is a “permitted client” as defined in National Instrument 31-103—Registration Requirements, Exemptions and Ongoing Registrant Obligations;

 

   

where required by law, the purchaser is purchasing as principal and not as agent; and

 

   

the purchaser has reviewed the text above under Resale Restrictions.

(C) Conflicts of Interest

Canadian purchasers are hereby notified that Jefferies is relying on the exemption set out in section 3A.3 or 3A.4, if applicable, of National Instrument 33-105—Underwriting Conflicts from having to provide certain conflict of interest disclosure in this document.

 

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(D) Statutory Rights of Action

Securities legislation in certain provinces or territories of Canada may provide a purchaser with remedies for rescission or damages if the prospectus (including any amendment thereto) such as this document contains a misrepresentation, provided that the remedies for rescission or damages are exercised by the purchaser within the time limit prescribed by the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory. The purchaser of these securities in Canada should refer to any applicable provisions of the securities legislation of the purchaser’s province or territory for particulars of these rights or consult with a legal advisor.

(E) Enforcement of Legal Rights

All of our directors and officers as well as the experts named herein may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible for Canadian purchasers to effect service of process within Canada upon us or those persons. All or a substantial portion of our assets and the assets of those persons may be located outside of Canada and, as a result, it may not be possible to satisfy a judgment against us or those persons in Canada or to enforce a judgment obtained in Canadian courts against us or those persons outside of Canada.

(F) Taxation and Eligibility for Investment

Canadian purchasers of the securities should consult their own legal and tax advisors with respect to the tax consequences of an investment in the securities in their particular circumstances and about the eligibility of the securities for investment by the purchaser under relevant Canadian legislation.

Australia

This prospectus is not a disclosure document for the purposes of Australia’s Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) of Australia, or Corporations Act, has not been lodged with the Australian Securities & Investments Commission and is only directed to the categories of exempt persons set out below. Accordingly, if you receive this prospectus in Australia:

You confirm and warrant that you are either:

 

   

a “sophisticated investor” under section 708(8)(a) or (b) of the Corporations Act;

 

   

a “sophisticated investor” under section 708(8)(c) or (d) of the Corporations Act and that you have provided an accountant’s certificate to us which complies with the requirements of section 708(8)(c)(i) or (ii) of the Corporations Act and related regulations before the offer has been made;

 

   

a person associated with us under Section 708(12) of the Corporations Act; or

 

   

a “professional investor” within the meaning of section 708(11)(a) or (b) of the Corporations Act; or

 

   

to the extent that you are unable to confirm or warrant that you are an exempt sophisticated investor, associated person or professional investor under the Corporations Act any offer made to you under this prospectus is void and incapable of acceptance.

You warrant and agree that you will not offer any of the securities issued to you pursuant to this prospectus for resale in Australia within 12 months of those securities being issued unless any such resale offer is exempt from the requirement to issue a disclosure document under section 708 of the Corporations Act.

European Economic Area and United Kingdom

In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom (each, a Relevant State), an offer to the public of any securities which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus may not be made in that Relevant State except that an offer to the public in that Relevant State of any securities may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Regulation:

 

(a)

to any legal entity which is a “qualified investor” as defined in the Prospectus Regulation;

 

(b)

to fewer than 150 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Regulation), as permitted under the Prospectus Regulation, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriter or the underwriters nominated by us for any such offer; or

 

(c)

in any other circumstances falling within Article 1(4) of the Prospectus Regulation,

 

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provided that no such offer of securities shall require us or the underwriter to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Regulation or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 23 of the Prospectus Regulation.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression “offer to the public” in relation to any securities in any Relevant State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the securities, and the expression “Prospectus Regulation” means Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.

Hong Kong

No securities have been offered or sold, and no securities may be offered or sold, in Hong Kong, by means of any document, other than to persons whose ordinary business is to buy or sell shares or debentures, whether as principal or agent; or to “professional investors” as defined in the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong (SFO) and any rules made under that Ordinance; or in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” as defined in the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32) of Hong Kong (CO) or which do not constitute an offer or invitation to the public for the purpose of the CO or the SFO. No document, invitation or advertisement relating to the securities has been issued or may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public of Hong Kong (except if permitted under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to securities which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” as defined in the SFO and any rules made under that Ordinance.

This prospectus has not been registered with the Registrar of Companies in Hong Kong. Accordingly, this prospectus may not be issued, circulated or distributed in Hong Kong, and the securities may not be offered for subscription to members of the public in Hong Kong. Each person acquiring the securities will be required, and is deemed by the acquisition of the securities, to confirm that he is aware of the restriction on offers of the securities described in this prospectus and the relevant offering documents and that he is not acquiring, and has not been offered any securities in circumstances that contravene any such restrictions.

Israel

This document does not constitute a prospectus under the Israeli Securities Law, 5728-1968, or the Securities Law, and has not been filed with or approved by the Israel Securities Authority. In Israel, this prospectus is being distributed only to, and is directed only at, and any offer of the securities is directed only at, (i) a limited number of persons in accordance with the Israeli Securities Law and (ii) investors listed in the first addendum, or the Addendum, to the Israeli Securities Law, consisting primarily of joint investment in trust funds, provident funds, insurance companies, banks, portfolio managers, investment advisors, members of the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange, underwriters, venture capital funds, entities with equity in excess of NIS 50 million and “qualified individuals,” each as defined in the Addendum (as it may be amended from time to time), collectively referred to as qualified investors (in each case, purchasing for their own account or, where permitted under the Addendum, for the accounts of their clients who are investors listed in the Addendum). Qualified investors are required to submit written confirmation that they fall within the scope of the Addendum, are aware of the meaning of same and agree to it.

Japan

The offering has not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948 of Japan, as amended), or FIEL, and the underwriter will not offer or sell any securities, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity organized under the laws of Japan), or to others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the benefit of, any resident of Japan, except pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of, and otherwise in compliance with, the FIEL and any other applicable laws, regulations and ministerial guidelines of Japan.

Singapore

This prospectus has not been and will not be lodged or registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the securities may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the securities

 

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be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the SFA), (ii) to a relevant person pursuant to Section 275(1), or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275, of the SFA, or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

Where the securities are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:

 

(a)

a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

 

(b)

a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor,

securities (as defined in Section 239(1) of the SFA) of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the securities pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:

 

(i)

to an institutional investor or to a relevant person defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA, or to any person arising from an offer referred to in Section 275(1A) or Section 276(4)(i)(B) of the SFA;

 

(ii)

where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer;

 

(iii)

where the transfer is by operation of law;

 

(iv)

as specified in Section 276(7) of the SFA; or

 

(v)

as specified in Regulation 32 of the Securities and Futures (Offers of Investments) (Shares and Debentures) Regulations 2005 of Singapore.

Switzerland

The securities may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (SIX) or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This prospectus has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the securities or the offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

Neither this prospectus nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, us or the securities have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this prospectus will not be filed with, and the offer of securities will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA, and the offer of securities has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes (CISA). The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of securities.

United Kingdom

This prospectus is only being distributed to, and is only directed at, persons in the United Kingdom that are qualified investors within the meaning of the Prospectus Regulation that are also (i) investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the Order) and/or (ii) high net worth entities falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated (each such person being referred to as a “relevant person”).

This prospectus and its contents are confidential and should not be distributed, published or reproduced (in whole or in part) or disclosed by recipients to any other persons in the United Kingdom. Any person in the United Kingdom that is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.

 

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EXPENSES OF THE OFFERING

The following table sets forth all expenses, other than the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions, payable by us in connection with this offering. All the amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) filing fee and the listing fee.

 

 

 

EXPENSES

   AMOUNT  

SEC registration fee

   $    

FINRA filing fee

  

Listing fee

  

Printing costs

  

Auditors’ fees

  

Legal fees and expenses

  

Transfer agent and registrar fees

  

Miscellaneous fees and expenses

  
  

 

 

 

Total

   $                
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the ordinary shares being offered by this prospectus and other legal matters concerning this offering relating to the laws of Jersey will be passed upon for us by Mourant Ozannes (Jersey) LLP. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering relating to U.S. law will be passed upon for us by White & Case LLP, New York, New York. The underwriters are being represented as to certain matters of U.S. federal law and New York state law by Latham & Watkins LLP, New York, New York.

 

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EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2019 and for the year ended December 31, 2019, included in this Prospectus and in the Registration Statement, have been so included in reliance on the report (which contains (i) a qualification on the exclusion of comparatives for the year ended December 31, 2018 as required by International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and (ii) an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s restatement of its consolidated financial statements as disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements and (iii) an explanatory paragraph relating to the changes in accounting principles as disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements) of BDO LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, appearing elsewhere herein and in the Registration Statement, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.

BDO LLP, London, United Kingdom, is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales.

 

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

U.S. laws do not necessarily extend either to us or our officers or directors. We are organized under the laws of Jersey. Many of our directors and officers reside outside of the U.S. Substantially all the assets of both us and our directors and officers are located outside the U.S. As a result, it may not be possible for investors to effect service of process on either us or our officers and directors within the U.S., or to enforce against these persons or us, either inside or outside the U.S., a judgment obtained in a U.S. court predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities or other laws of the U.S. or any U.S. state.

We have appointed GDC America Inc., as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the U.S. under the federal securities laws of the U.S. or of the laws of any state of the U.S.

A judgment of a U.S. court is not directly enforceable in Jersey, but constitutes a cause of action which will be enforced by Jersey courts provided that:

 

   

the applicable U.S. courts had jurisdiction over the case, as recognized under Jersey law;

 

   

the judgment is given on the merits and is final, conclusive and non-appealable;

 

   

the judgment relates to the payment of a sum of money, not being taxes, fines or similar governmental penalties;

 

   

the defendant is not immune under the principles of public international law;

 

   

the same matters at issue in the case were not previously the subject of a judgment or disposition in a separate court;

 

   

the judgment was not obtained by fraud or duress and was not based on a clear mistake of fact; and

 

   

the recognition and enforcement of the judgment is not contrary to public policy in Jersey, including observance of the principles of what are called “natural justice,” which among other things require that documents in the U.S. proceeding were properly served on the defendant and that the defendant was given the right to be heard and represented by counsel in a free and fair trial before an impartial tribunal.

It is the policy of Jersey courts to award compensation for the loss or damage actually sustained by the person to whom the compensation is awarded. Although the award of punitive damages is generally unknown to the Jersey legal system that does not mean that awards of punitive damages are not necessarily contrary to public policy. Whether a judgment was contrary to public policy depends on the facts of each case. Exorbitant, unconscionable, or excessive awards will generally be contrary to public policy. Moreover, if a US court gives a judgment for multiple damages against a qualifying defendant the amount which may be payable by such defendant may be limited by virtue of the Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980, an Act of the U.K. extended to Jersey by the Protection of Trading Interests Act 1980 (Jersey) Order, 1983, which provides that such qualifying defendant may be able to recover such amount paid by it as represents the excess of such multiple damages over the sum assessed as compensation by the court that gave the judgment. A “qualifying defendant” for these purposes is a citizen of the U.K. and Colonies, a body corporate incorporated in the U.K., Jersey or other territory for whose international relations the U.K. is responsible or a person carrying on business in Jersey.

Jersey courts cannot enter into the merits of the foreign judgment and cannot act as a court of appeal or review over the foreign courts. In addition, a plaintiff who is not resident in Jersey may be required to provide a security bond in advance to cover the potential of the expected costs of any case initiated in Jersey. In addition, we have been further advised by our legal counsel in Jersey, that it is uncertain as to whether the courts of Jersey would entertain original actions based on U.S. federal or state securities laws, or enforce judgments from U.S. courts against us or our officers and directors which originated from actions alleging civil liability under U.S. federal or state securities laws.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement (including amendments and exhibits to the registration statement) on Form F-1 under the Securities Act relating to this offering of our ordinary shares. This prospectus, which is part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information contained in the registration statement. The rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission allow us to omit certain information from this prospectus that is included in the registration statement. Statements made in this prospectus concerning the contents of any contract, agreement or other document are summaries of all material information about the documents summarized, but are not complete descriptions of all terms of these documents. If we filed any of these documents as an exhibit to the registration statement, you may read the document itself for a complete description of its terms.

You may read the registration statement, including the related exhibits and schedules, and any document we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission without charge over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov, which contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the Commission. Our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission will also be available to the public on our website at http://www.gambling.com/corporate. Information contained on our website is not incorporated into this prospectus and is not part of this prospectus.

We are not currently subject to the informational requirements of the Exchange Act. Upon completion of this offering, we will be subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act that are applicable to foreign private issuers, and under those requirements will file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Those other reports or other information may be inspected without charge at the locations described above. As a foreign private issuer, we will be exempt from the rules under the Exchange Act related to the furnishing and content of proxy statements, and our officers, directors and principal shareholders will be exempt from the reporting and short-swing profit recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. In addition, we will not be required under the Exchange Act to file annual, quarterly and current reports and financial statements with the Securities and Exchange Commission as frequently or as promptly as U.S. companies whose securities are registered under the Exchange Act. However, we will file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, within four months after the end of each fiscal year, or such applicable time as required by the Commission, an annual report on Form 20-F containing financial statements audited by an independent registered public accounting firm, and will submit to the Commission, on Form 6-K, unaudited quarterly financial information for the first three quarters of each fiscal year within 60 days after the end of each such quarter, or such applicable time as required by the Commission.

 

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GAMBLING.COM GROUP PLC

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

 

 

     PAGE  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-2  

Financial Statements:

  

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss

     F-3  

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

     F-4  

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

     F-5  

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

     F-6  

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-7  

 

 

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and Board of Directors

Gambling.com Group Plc

Jersey, Channel Islands

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statement of financial position of Gambling.com Group Plc (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, except for the omission of comparative financial information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 as discussed in the following paragraph, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the year ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board except for the omission of comparative financial information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, which are required to be disclosed in accordance with IAS 1, “Presentation of Financial Information”. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has omitted the presentation of prior period comparatives for the year ended December 31, 2018 which are required by IAS 1, “Presentation of Financial Information”, as such comparatives are not required for inclusion in a draft registration statement by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Restatement to Correct Misstatements

The consolidated financial statements have been restated to reflect adjustments relating to Intangible assets, impairment of intangible assets, valuation of senior secured bonds, other items as described in Note 2 the consolidated financial statements.

Adoption of Accounting Standards

As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, effective on January 1, 2019, the Company changed its method of accounting for: (i) leases due to the adoption of IFRS 16, Leases, and (ii) presentation currency to United States Dollars from Euros.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.

Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ BDO LLP

BDO LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

London, United Kingdom

March 24, 2021

 

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Table of Contents

Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

GAMBLING.COM GROUP PLC

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Loss

(USD in thousands, except per share amounts)

 

 

 

     NOTE    YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
2019

(RESTATED)
 

Revenue

   16      19,266  

Sales and marketing expenses

   17      (10,862

Technology expenses

   17      (2,498

General and administrative expenses

   17      (4,213

Allowance for credit losses

   3      (293
     

 

 

 

Operating profit

        1,400  

Losses on financial liability at fair value through profit or loss

   13      (94

Finance income

   19      140  

Finance expense

   19      (2,475
     

 

 

 

Loss before tax

        (1,029

Income tax charge

   21      (872
     

 

 

 

Net loss for the year attributable to equity holders

        (1,901
     

 

 

 

Other comprehensive income

     

Items not to be classified subsequently to profit or loss:

     

Exchange differences on translating foreign currencies

        50  
     

 

 

 

Total comprehensive loss for the year attributable to the equity holders

        (1,851
     

 

 

 

Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted

   20      (0.07

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

GAMBLING.COM GROUP PLC

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position

(USD in thousands)

 

 

 

     NOTE      DECEMBER 31,
2019

(RESTATED)
 

ASSETS

     

Non-current assets

     

Property and equipment

     5        551  

Intangible assets

     7        23,310  

Right-of-use assets

     6        1,914  
     

 

 

 

Total non-current assets

        25,775  
     

 

 

 

Current assets

     

Trade and other receivables

     8        2,367  

Cash and cash equivalents

     9        6,992  
     

 

 

 

Total current assets

        9,359  
     

 

 

 

Total assets

        35,134  
     

 

 

 

EQUITY AND LIABILITIES

     

Equity

     

Share capital

     10        61  

Capital reserve

     11        16,007  

Share option and warrants reserve

     12        621  

Foreign exchange translation reserve

        50  

Accumulated deficit

        (3,808
     

 

 

 

Total equity

        12,931  
     

 

 

 

Non-current liabilities

     

Borrowings

     13        18,242  

Lease liability

     6        1,610  
     

 

 

 

Total non-current liabilities

        19,852  
     

 

 

 

Current liabilities

     

Trade and other payables

     14        1,181  

Borrowings and accrued interest

     13        369  

Lease liability

     6        393  

Income tax payable

        408  
     

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

        2,351  
     

 

 

 

Total liabilities

        22,203  
     

 

 

 

Total equity and liabilities

        35,134  
     

 

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

GAMBLING.COM GROUP PLC

Consolidated Statement of Changes In Equity

(USD in thousands)

 

 

 

    NOTE   SHARE
CAPITAL
    CAPITAL
RESERVE
    SHARE
OPTION
AND
WARRANTS

RESERVE
    FOREIGN
EXCHANGE
TRANSLATION
RESERVE
    RETAINED
EARNINGS/
ACCUMULATED
DEFICIT
    TOTAL  

Balance at January 1, 2019 (as reported)

      57       9,772       129             2,498       12,456  

Effect of restatement

  2                             (4,405     (4,405
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at January 1, 2019 (restated)

      57       9,772       129             (1,907     8,051  

Transactions with owners

             

Issue of share capital

  10, 11     4       6,235                         6,239  

Movements in share option and warrants reserve

  11,12                 492                   492  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 
      4       6,235       492                   6,731  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Comprehensive income (loss)

             

Net loss

                              (1,901     (1,901

Exchange differences on translating foreign currencies

                        50             50  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2019

      61       16,007       621       50     (3,808     12,931  
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

GAMBLING.COM GROUP PLC

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

(USD in thousands)

 

 

 

     NOTE      YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
2019

(restated)
 

Cash flow from operating activities

     

Loss before tax

        (1,029

Finance expenses, net

     19        2,335  

Losses on financial instruments valuation

     13        94  

Adjustments for non-cash items:

     

Depreciation and amortization

        2,226  

Movements in credit loss allowance

     3        293  

Income tax paid

        (93
     

 

 

 

Cash flows from operating activities before changes in working capital

        3,826  
     

 

 

 

Changes in working capital

     

Trade and other receivables

        511  

Trade and other payables

        (333
     

 

 

 

Cash flows generated by operating activities

        4,004  
     

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities

     

Acquisition of property and equipment

     5        (195

Acquisition of intangible assets

     7        (1,526
     

 

 

 

Cash flows used in investing activities

        (1,721
     

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities

     

Issue of ordinary shares and share warrants

     10, 11, 12        6,979  

Equity issue costs

        (157

Proceeds from issuance of bonds

     13        560  

Repayment of notes

     13        (4,480

Interest paid

     13        (2,246

Interest received

        24  

Principal paid on lease liability

     6        (175

Interest paid on lease liability

     6        (189
     

 

 

 

Cash flows generated by financing activities

        316  
     

 

 

 

Net movement in cash and cash equivalents

        2,599  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

        4,423  

Net foreign exchange differences on cash and cash equivalents

        (30
     

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

     9        6,992  
     

 

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

GAMBLING.COM GROUP PLC

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(USD in thousands except share and per-share amounts)

1. GENERAL COMPANY INFORMATION

Gambling.com Group Plc (the “Company”) is a public limited liability company founded in 2006 and incorporated in Malta in accordance with the provisions of the Maltese Companies Act (Cap.386). The Company’s registered office is 85, St. John Street, Valletta VLT1165, Malta.

We are a multi-award-winning performance marketing company and a leading provider of digital marketing services active exclusively in the online gambling industry. Our principal focus is on iGaming and sports betting. Through our proprietary technology platform, we publish a portfolio of premier branded websites including gambling.com and bookies.com. Each of our websites is bespoke and tailored for different user interests and markets within the online gambling industry and include original and curated news relating to the online gambling sector, odds, statistics, product reviews and product comparisons of online gambling services around the world. We attract online gamblers through online marketing efforts and refer these online gamblers to companies that are licensed by gambling regulators to provide real-money online gambling services, known as online gambling operators, who convert online gamblers into paying players. In this way, we provide business-to-business, or B2B, digital marketing services to online gambling operators.

The Group has a workforce of more than 100 and operates from offices in Malta, Dublin, Charlotte, and Tampa.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial information are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied throughout the year presented.

BASIS OF PREPARATION

The consolidated financial statements of the Group have been prepared in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and as adopted by the European Union (“EU”), with the exception that prior period comparatives for the year ended December 31, 2018 have not been presented as required by International Accounting Standard (“IAS 1”) ‘Presentation of Financial Information’, and were approved and authorized for issuance by the Board of Directors on March 24, 2021.

The financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, as modified by the fair valuation of financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. The preparation of financial statements in compliance with IFRS requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Group management to exercise judgment in applying the Group’s accounting policies. The areas where significant judgments and estimates have been made in preparing the financial statements and their effects are disclosed in Note 4.

This financial information does not constitute the Group’s statutory accounts for the year presented. Statutory accounts for the year ended December 31, 2019, which were presented in Euros (“EUR”), were prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the EU and with the requirements of the Maltese Companies Act (Cap. 386). The Independent Auditors’ Report on the Annual Report and Financial Statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2019 did not draw attention to any matters by way of emphasis. Statutory accounts for the year ended December 31, 2019 have been filed with the Malta Registrar of Companies.

The Board of Directors has prepared these non-statutory financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2019 for inclusion in a draft registration statement on Form F-1 to be submitted by the Company to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Comparatives have been omitted as they are not required for Emerging Growth Companies (“EGC”) by the SEC in a Draft Registration Statement where a company expects to publicly file a registration statement including annual financial statements of a more recent year. The ability of an EGC to omit annual financial statements from its draft registration statements is derived from Section 71003 of the United States Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (“FAST”) Act.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Restatement

These non-statutory consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 include corrections the Company has identified in the statutory consolidated financial statements for the same period previously filed with the Malta Registrar of Companies. The corrections reflected the following:

 

  A.

Intangible assets

Sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 was increased by USD 1,720, the accumulated deficit balance in equity as at January 1, 2019 was increased by USD 438, and intangible assets as at December 31, 2019 were reduced by USD 2,158, to reflect amortization of a mobile applications (“apps”) intangible asset. The Group had originally recognised the asset as indefinite-lived when acquired. As a result of changes made by a third party to its apps management policies, the Group was no longer able to generate new app downloads, launch new apps, or make updates to the existing apps. As a result, the Group determined that this asset should have been classified to finite-lived assets starting October 1, 2018 and estimated its useful life to be 4 years.

Sales and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 was decreased by USD 221, the accumulated deficit balance in equity as at January 1, 2019 was decreased by USD 206, and intangible assets as at December 31, 2019 were increased by USD 427, to reflect changes in domain and customers’ contracts values related to the acquisition made in prior period. The Group revised the effects of the cancelation of a customer contract and accounted for it retrospectively. As a result, the value of the assets with an indefinite useful life increased by USD 427 as at December 31, 2019.

The Accumulated deficit balance in the equity as at January 1, 2019 and as at December 31, 2019 was increased and intangible assets balance as at January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 was decreased by USD 400 to reflect amendments in domain name value as a result of changes in purchase price allocation for the asset acquired in a prior period.

The accumulated deficit balance in equity as at January 1, 2019 and as at December 31, 2019 was decreased and the intangible assets balance as at January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 was increased by USD 65 to reflect changes in domain name value taken over by the Group in an asset acquisition in September 2016.

 

  B.

Impairment of intangible assets.

The accumulated deficit balance in equity as at January 1, 2019 and as at December 31, 2019 was increased, and the intangible assets balance as at January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 was decreased by USD 5,095, and USD 5,028 respectively to reflect impairment of a website and domain name intangible asset during the year ended December 31, 2018. The Group had originally recognized the asset as indefinite-lived when acquired. As a result of rapid unanticipated reductions in visitor traffic during the year ended December 31, 2018, cash-flows from this domain became negligible. The Group determined that this asset was fully impaired, and the impairment loss should have been recognized as at December 31, 2018.

 

  C.

Valuation of senior secured bonds

Financial expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 were increased by USD 38, the accumulated deficit balance in equity as at January 1, 2019 was decreased by USD 850, and the non-current borrowings balance as at December 31, 2019 was decreased by USD 812 as a result of a change in the fair value methods used to value the financial liability. As at January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019, senior secured bonds were classified as Level 1 financial instruments rather than Level 3 as previously reported.

 

  D.

Lease accounting

The right-of-use and lease liability balances as at January 2019 were decreased by USD 125. Amortization charge for the year ended December 31, 2019 was decreased by USD 17 and interest charge was increased by USD 25 which had a net increase in expenses for the year of USD 8. As a result, right-of-use balance was decreased by USD 108 and lease liability was decreased by USD 100 as at December 31, 2019. The above is a result of a change in the incremental borrowing rate from 8.75% to 10.5%.

Right-of-use and lease liability balances were increased by USD 67 as a result of accounting changes for one of the lease agreements originally treated as short-term. Amortization for the year ended December 2019 increased by USD 11 and interest expenses increased by USD 2 while rent and property costs decreased by USD 9 which had a net increase in expenses of USD 4. Right-of-use balance increased by USD 56 and lease liability balance increased by USD 60 as at December 31, 2019.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

  E.

Other

The accumulated deficit balance in equity as at January 1, 2019 was reduced by USD 303, income and deferred tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 was reduced by USD 181, deferred tax assets were increased by USD 607 and income tax liability was increased by USD 123, to reflect the tax effects of the corrections of the intangible assets’ values (as described in paragraphs above) and other miscellaneous tax adjustments during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Capital reserve balance as at December 31, 2019 was decreased and share option and warrants reserve balance was increased by USD 475 as a result of warrants granted to shareholders during the year ended December 2019 being recognised.

Capital reserve balance and operating costs as at December 31, 2019 were decreased by USD 155 as a result of non-recurring costs related to share issuance being netted against proceeds received.

Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019 were decreased by USD 62, the accumulated deficit balance in equity as at January 1, 2019 was decreased by USD 106, and trade receivables balance as at December 31, 2019 was increased by USD 44 as a result of changes in the periods in which the revenues were recognised.

Trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other payables were effected by various reclasses done between balances and resulted in net increases of current assets and current liabilities of USD 69 as at December 31, 2019.

The changes are presented and described in further detail below:

 

 

 

     PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED      ADJUSTMENTS     RESTATED  
     DECEMBER 31,
2019
     JANUARY 1,
2019
     DECEMBER 31,
2019
    JANUARY 1,
2019
    DECEMBER 31,
2019
    JANUARY 1,
2019
 

ASSETS

              

Non-current assets

              

Intangible assets

     30,401        31,130        (7,091     (5,661     23,310       25,469  

Right-of-use assets

     1,967        2,245        (53     (125     1,914       2,120  

Deferred tax assets

            148              303             451  

Current assets

              

Trade and other receivables

     2,239        3,158        128       106       2,367       3,264  

Cash and cash equivalents

     7,007        4,423        (15           6,992       4,423  

EQUITY

              

Capital reserve

     16,637        9,772        (630           16,007       9,772  

Share option and warrants reserve

     146        129        475             621       129  

Retained earnings/ (Accumulated deficit)

     1,810        2,500        (5,618     (4,405     (3,808     (1,907

LIABILITIES

              

Non-current liabilities

              

Borrowings

     19,054        18,690        (812     (850     18,242       17,840  

Lease liability

     1,686        1,884        (76     (125     1,610       1,759  

Deferred tax liability

     607               (607                  

Current liabilities

              

Trade and other payables

     1,112        1,516        69             1,181       1,516  

Lease liability

     355        361        38             393       361  

Income tax payable

     285               123             408        

 

 

 

New and Amended Standards Adopted by the Group in 2019

The Group has applied the following new standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards that are mandatory for the Group’s accounting period beginning on January 1, 2019.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Impact of Initial Application of IFRS 16 Leases

IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ replaced IAS 17 ‘Leases’ along with three Interpretations (International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (“IFRIC”) 4 ‘Determining whether an Arrangement contains a Lease,’ Standard Interpretations Committee (“SIC”) 15 ‘Operating Leases-Incentives’ and SIC 27 ‘Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease’).

The contracts within the scope of IFRS 16 are the Group’s office premises. Before adoption of IFRS 16, the Group classified each of its leases (as lessee) as an operating lease. In an operating lease under IAS 17, no asset is capitalized related to the leased property, and the lease payments are recognized as an expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is more appropriate.

The adoption of IFRS 16, which was effective from January 1, 2019, resulted in the Group recognising a right-of-use asset and related lease liability in connection with all former operating leases except for those identified as low-value, short term leases, or having a remaining lease term of less than 12 months from the date of initial application.

The new standard has been applied using the modified retrospective approach. For contracts in place at the date of initial application, the Group elected to use the practical expedient allowing IFRS 16 to be applied only to contracts that were previously identified as leases under IAS 17 and IFRIC 4; consequently, it did not reassess whether a contract is or contains a lease at the adoption date. Lease liabilities at the initial recognition are measured at the present value of the lease payments remaining as at January 1, 2019, discounted at the Group’s weighted average incremental borrowing rate at that date. The incremental borrowing rate was 10.5%.

Early termination options if included in a lease agreement are assessed individually as at initial accounting; judgement is applied to determine whether early termination option will be exercised.

The Group elected not to include initial direct costs in the measurement of the right-of-use asset for operating leases in existence at the date of initial application of IFRS 16. The right-of-use assets upon the initial recognition in 2019 were USD 2,187 and were equal to the lease liabilities, as no prepaid or accrued lease payments existed at the date of initial application.

Application of IFRIC 23, Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments

On January 1, 2019, the Group adopted IFRIC 23 ‘Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatments’. The Interpretation clarifies the application of the recognition and measurement criteria in IAS 12 ‘Income Taxes’ when there is uncertainty over income tax treatments. The Interpretation specifically addresses the following:

 

   

Whether an entity considers uncertain tax treatment separately or together with one or more other uncertain tax treatments;

 

   

The assumptions an entity makes about the examination of tax treatments by taxation authorities;

 

   

How an entity determines taxable profits (tax loss), tax bases, unused tax losses, unused tax credits, and tax rates; and

 

   

How an entity considers changes in facts and circumstances.

According to this Interpretation, in assessing the uncertainty, it is assumed that the tax authority will have full knowledge of all information related to the matter.

The Group assessed whether the Interpretation had an impact on its consolidated financial statements and concluded that there are no uncertain tax positions that were not probable of being accepted by the relevant tax authorities as at January 1, 2019 and during the year ended December 31, 2019. As a result, the Group considers that its current accounting policies for estimating uncertain tax positions are in line with IFRIC 23. The Interpretation did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements of the Group.

Early Application of the Definition of a Business, Amendments to IFRS 3, Business Combinations

In October 2018, the IASB issued amendments to the definition of a business in IFRS 3 ‘Business Combinations’. The amendments are intended to assist entities in determining whether a transaction should be accounted for as a

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

business combination or as an asset acquisition. As amended, IFRS 3 defines a business as an integrated set of activities and assets, which must include at a minimum an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. Entities are also allowed to perform an optional concentration test. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar assets, the acquired integrated set does not constitute a business.

The amendments to IFRS 3 must be applied to transactions that are either business combinations or asset acquisitions for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after January 1, 2020. Earlier application of the amendments is permitted, and retrospective application is not prohibited.

The Group adopted this amendment retrospectively with application to its prior acquisitions. Between September 2016 and February 2018, the Group made five acquisitions of intellectual property consisting of domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps and content, and customer contracts. All acquisitions satisfied the requirements of the concentration test as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in the domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps and content. In addition, no substantive processes were included in any of the acquisitions. The Group concluded that all prior acquisitions were acquisitions of assets. The retrospective application of this amendment to IFRS 3 did not have a material impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

Other standards, amendments and interpretations to existing standards which became effective as at January 1, 2019 have limited or no impact on the Group’s financial statements.

Standards Issued but Not Yet Effective

There were a number of standards and interpretations which were issued but not yet effective at December 31, 2019 and have not been adopted for these consolidated financial statements. These amendments are not expected to have a significant impact on disclosures or amounts reported in the Group’s consolidated financial statements in the period of initial application.

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 2020:

 

   

Amendments to references to the Conceptual Framework in IFRS Standards

 

   

Definition of material (Amendments to IAS 1 and IAS 8)

 

   

Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39 and IFRS 7, Interest Rate Benchmark Reform

 

   

Amendment to IFRS 16, Covid-19-Related Rent Concessions

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 2022:

 

   

Amendments to IAS 16, Proceeds before Intended Use

 

   

Amendments to IAS 37, Onerous Contracts—Cost of Fulfilling a Contract

 

   

Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020

 

   

Fees in the ’10 per cent’ test for derecognition of financial liabilities

Effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 2023:

 

   

Amendments to IAS 1, Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current

 

   

Amendments to IAS 1 and IFRS Practice Statement 2, Disclosure of Accounting Policies

 

   

Amendments to IAS 8, Definition of Accounting Estimates

Effective date to be confirmed:

 

   

Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28: Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

BASIS OF CONSOLIDATION

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group for the year ended December 31, 2019. Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Company. The Company controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases. Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the Group. Control is reassessed whenever facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes of the control.

All intra-Group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.

The subsidiaries of the Company, all of which have been included in these consolidated financial statements, are as follows:

 

 

 

NAME

   PRINCIPAL
ACTIVITIES
   COUNTRY OF
INCORPORATION
   OWNERSHIP, %  

GDC Media Limited (formerly KAX Media Limited)

   Digital marketing    Ireland      100  

GDC Malta Limited (formerly GDC Trading Limited)

   Digital marketing    Malta      100  

GDC America Inc. (formerly KAX Media America Inc.)

   Digital marketing    United States      100  

 

 

BASIS OF GOING CONCERN

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis, which contemplates the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business. The Group is required to evaluate whether there are any material uncertainties related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt about the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least, but not limited to, 12 months from the financial statement reporting date or filing date. An entity’s ability to continue as a going concern is assumed absent significant information to the contrary. If there are indications that there could be significant doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern for a reasonable period of time, then a detailed analysis must be performed. This evaluation includes an assessment of whether the Company can continue to meet its obligations as they become due without substantial disposition of assets outside the ordinary course of business, restructuring of debt, revisions of its operations or similar actions.

The Board of Directors have assessed the financial risks facing the business, including macroeconomic events as outlined in Notes 3 and Note 23, and compared this risk assessment to the net current asset position. The Directors have also reviewed relationships with key customers and software providers and are satisfied that the appropriate contracts and contingency plans are in place. The Directors have prepared detailed revenue, operating expense and cashflow forecasts as well as sensitivity analyses to assess whether the Company has adequate resources for the foreseeable future. This includes adjustments as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak during 2020 and its effects on the Group’s business, including the impacts of the decrease in sports betting and the increase in the casino gambling market on the Group’s revenue. Based on the analyses performed, the Board of Directors considers that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for at least a period of 12 months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements.

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

Functional and Presentation Currency

The Group historically prepared its statutory financial statements in EUR which is the functional currency of Gambling.com Group Plc. As a consequence of including these consolidated financial statements in a Draft Registration Statement on Form F-1 to be submitted to the SEC, the Group chose to present these non-statutory financial statements in U.S. Dollars (“USD”). The choice of presentation currency represents a change in accounting policy and has been applied retrospectively from January 1, 2019. Since using a presentation currency is the application of a translation method, it does not affect the underlying functional currency of the Company or any subsidiaries.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

The following exchange rates were used to translate the financial statements of the Group into USD:

 

 

 

     DECEMBER 31,
2019 (1)
     AVERAGE FOR
PERIOD (2)
     JANUARY 1,
2019 (1)
     LOW      HIGH  
     (EUR per USD)  

Year ended December 31, 2019

     0.89        0.89        0.88        0.87        0.92  

 

 

(1)   Exchange rates are as per European Central Bank.

 

(2)   The average is based on published rates refreshed daily by the European Central Bank.

Transactions and Balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Translation into Presentation Currency

The assets and liabilities of all Group entities are translated from the functional currency of the operations to USD using the exchange rates at the reporting date. The revenues and expenses are translated into USD using the average exchange rates for the period, which approximate the exchange rates at the date of the transaction. All resulting foreign exchange differences are recognized in other comprehensive income and included in foreign exchange translation reserve in equity.

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment. Historical cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the assets’ carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the Group and the cost of the item can be reliably measured.

All other repairs and maintenance are charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate the cost of the assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

 

 

 

Computer and other office equipment

   5 years

Leasehold improvements

   The shorter of the remaining lease term or 10 years

 

 

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period. Gains and losses on disposals of property and equipment are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognized, where applicable, within ‘other operating income’ in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

An intangible asset is recognized if it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the Group and the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. The cost of a separately acquired intangible asset comprises its purchase price and any directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use. The cost of acquisition of intangible assets for which the consideration comprises an issue of equity shares is calculated as the fair value of the equity instruments issued in the transaction. Where the cost of a separately acquired intangible asset includes contingent consideration, cost includes the fair value of the contingent consideration as determined on the date of acquisition. Subsequent changes in estimates of the likely outcome of the contingent event are reflected as increases or decreases in the value of the intangible asset. The remaining changes in the value of contingent consideration are recognized as interest expense.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Internally Developed Intangible Assets

Expenditures incurred on development activities are capitalized if it can be demonstrated that all the following criteria are met:

 

   

It is technically feasible to complete the intangible asset;

 

   

Adequate resources are available to complete the development;

 

   

There is an intention to complete and use the intangible asset for the provision of services;

 

   

The Group is able to use the intangible asset;

 

   

Use of the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits; and

 

   

Expenditures attributable to the intangible asset can be measured reliably.

Expenditures related to development activities that do not satisfy the above criteria, including expenditures incurred during the preliminary project stage and post implementation activities, are expensed as incurred in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

Subsequent expenditure on capitalized intangible assets is capitalized only where it clearly increases the economic benefits to be derived from the asset to which it relates. All other expenditures, including those that incurred in order to maintain an intangible asset’s current level of performance, is expensed as incurred.

Through December 31, 2019, expenditures to develop intangible assets did not qualify for capitalization.

Subsequent measurement

Separately acquired intangibles include Internet domain names together with related websites and content, and customer contracts.

Domain names together with the related assets have an indefinite useful life when there is evidence based on the analysis of the applicable market trends and circumstances, management plans, expected usage and information about the ongoing cash inflows that the asset will be able to generate cash flows to the Group for an indefinite period. Indefinite-life intangibles are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually as of December 31. In addition, the Group reassesses in each period the assumptions underlying the useful life of indefinite-life intangibles and assigns such assets a finite life if indicated by changes in the applicable facts and circumstances. When this happens, the related assets are also tested for impairment. Finite-life domain names and the related assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated period during which they are expected to continue to generate cash flows for the Group. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Group had one finite-life mobile apps intangible asset, amortized straight-line over its useful life of 48 months.

Customer contracts have a useful life of 12 – 24 months, which are reviewed on an annual basis. Customer contracts are amortized over their useful life using the straight-line method.

Intangible assets are derecognized on disposal or when no future economic benefits are expected from their use or disposal. Gains or losses arising from derecognition represent the difference between the net disposal proceeds, if any, and the carrying amount of intangible assets, and are recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the respective period.

IMPAIRMENT ASSESSMENT

Assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets that have an indefinite useful life (which are not subject to amortization) are tested annually for impairment. For the purposes of impairment assessment, assets are grouped at the lowest level which generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of the remaining assets (cash-generating units). Through December 31, 2019, substantially all of the Group’s cash inflows have been generated through the use of its technology platform which is monetized via various informational portals that include domain names, websites and mobile apps. Accordingly, the Group determined it has one cash-generating unit that includes all of its intangibles, property and equipment, and right of use assets.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

An impairment loss is recognized as the difference between the carrying amount of the cash-generating unit and its recoverable amount and is accounted for in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income in the period identified. The recoverable amount is the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and value in use.

Impairment may also be tested and recognized at an individual asset level when the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use are both negligible. As at December 31, 2019, the Group had one domain name intangible asset that had been impaired, with the impairment loss recognized in a prior period of USD 5,095.

Non-financial assets that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.

FINANCIAL ASSETS

Financial assets are classified at initial recognition and subsequently measured at amortized cost, fair value through profit or loss, or fair value through other comprehensive income. The classification of financial assets depends on the assets’ contractual cash flows characteristics and the Group’s model for managing such.

Through December 31, 2019, the Group’s financial assets consist of trade and other receivables and cash and cash equivalents. The Group’s objective for holding financial assets is to hold them to collect contractual cash flows, which are solely payment of principal and interest. Accordingly, these assets are accounted for at amortized cost.

Expected Credit Loss Assessment and Write-offs

The Group recognizes an allowance for Expected Credit Losses (“ECLs”) for all financial assets carried at amortized cost. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive.

The Group applies the simplified approach in calculating ECLs for trade and other receivables. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk but instead recognizes a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment. The assessment is completed at the end of each reporting period.

Movements in ECLs, including recoveries, are presented within the consolidated statement of comprehensive loss in the period incurred.

Financial assets are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery, such as:

 

   

Significant financial difficulty of the issuer or obligor;

 

   

A breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments;

 

   

It becomes probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganization; and

 

   

Observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flow from a group of financial assets since the initial recognition of those assets, although the decrease cannot yet be identified with the individual financial assets.

When trade and other receivables have been written off, the Group continues to engage in enforcement activities in order to recover the receivable due. If successful, the recoveries are recognized in profit or loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset is derecognized when:

 

   

The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or

 

   

The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

Trade receivables are amounts due from customers for services performed in the ordinary course of business and are classified as current. Other receivables include prepaid expenses and deposits.

Trade and other receivables are recognized initially at fair value, which due to their comparatively short maturities, approximates their carrying value. They are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less an expected credit loss allowance. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account, and the amount of the loss is recognized in profit or loss. When a receivable is uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account for trade and other receivables. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against profit or loss.

CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank, cash in transit and demand deposits that have maturities of three months or less from inception, are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates their fair value based on the short-term nature of such assets and the effect of any fair value differences being negligible.

ISSUED CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Share Capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Share capital includes the nominal value of ordinary shares issued and outstanding. The excess of the consideration received from issuance of shares over their nominal value is recognized in the capital reserve.

Capital Reserve

In addition to the excess of the consideration received from issuance of shares over their nominal value, capital reserve also includes any other contributions made by the shareholders of the Company of a cash or non-cash nature without the issuance of shares. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issuance of new ordinary shares or other shareholder contributions are shown in equity as a deduction, net of tax, from the proceeds.

Share Option and Warrants Reserve

The share option and warrants reserve is used to recognize the value of equity-classified share options and warrants, including share-based payments.

Foreign Exchange Translation Reserve

Foreign exchange translation reserve comprises foreign currency translation differences arising from the translation of the assets and liabilities of all Group entities from the functional currency into USD, the presentation currency.

Accumulated Deficit Reserve

Accumulated deficit reserve includes all current and prior period losses.

FINANCIAL LIABILITIES

The Group recognizes a financial liability in its consolidated statement of financial position when it becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. The Group’s financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss and financial liabilities at amortized cost.

Financial liabilities not at fair value through profit or loss are recognized initially at fair value net of transaction costs that are directly attributable to the financial liability. Subsequent measurement of the liabilities differs based on the classification originally applied and is described below.

The Group derecognizes a financial liability from its consolidated statement of financial position when the obligation specified in the contract or arrangement is discharged, cancelled or expires.

Trade and Other Payables

Trade payables comprise obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade and other payables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Borrowings

Prior to the reporting period, the Company issued convertible promissory notes that were fully redeemed in 2019. The notes were convertible to share capital in several different scenarios. The Company treated these instruments as compound financial instruments consisting of an equity and a liability component only if the number of shares to be issued upon conversion did not vary with changes in their fair value, and their currency of denomination was equivalent to the issuer’s functional currency. Where these criteria were not both met, as was the case for all convertible promissory notes issued by the Company, the Company elected to recognize the entire convertible loan notes as financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss.

In October 2018, the Company issued senior secured bonds which contain an embedded derivative that is not closely related to the host instrument. Therefore, the Group has elected to recognize these bonds as financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss.

Convertible notes and bonds classified as financial liabilities through profit or loss are carried initially and subsequently at their fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income. Any directly attributable transaction costs incurred upon issuing such instruments are recognized in profit or loss. These notes and bonds are classified as current liabilities unless the Company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least 12 months after the end of the reporting period.

REVENUE RECOGNITION

The Group generates revenue primarily from commissions derived from referrals of prospective players visiting the Group’s websites or mobile apps to the Group’s customers, who are regulated online gambling operators. Depending on the customer, commission revenue may be earned in the form of ongoing revenue-share fees, one-time fee for each acquired player (cost per acquisition, or CPA, fee), or both.

Revenue-share fees represent a set percentage of net gaming revenues the operator generates over the lifetime of the referred player. Negative revenue share-amounts usually do not carry over into subsequent months. CPA fees are fixed rate fees owed for each player who registers and usually deposits a minimum balance on the operator’s site. Fees generated by each operator during a particular month are paid to the Group shortly after the month-end.

The Group transacts with its customers pursuant to the terms of marketing affiliate agreements and/or insertion orders, which typically do not require a minimum number of player referrals nor minimum fees, and can be terminated for convenience by either party at any time. Termination or changes in the terms of these agreements do not typically affect the rights of the parties or the fees earned or to be earned with respect to the players previously referred to the operator.

The Group considers each player referral to be a separate performance obligation. It is satisfied at the point in time when the referral is accepted by the relevant operator. The Group is not involved in the operator’s delivery of gaming or gambling services to players. Digital marketing activities of the Group and its subsidiaries are primarily to compile and to present content focused on prospective player education and engagement on websites and are not considered distinct services rendered to the operator customers.

CPA fees for each player referral are recognized when earned upon acceptance of the referral by the operator. Revenue-share fees for each referral are considered variable consideration and are only recognized to the extent it is probable that no significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized for this referral will occur when the ultimate fees are known. Although performance is complete when the referral is accepted, the ultimate revenue-sharing fees from the referral are subject to significant uncertainties, including how long the referred player will remain active, the size and frequency of the wager amounts, and the patterns of wins and losses. These factors vary significantly between markets as well as between individual operators and are further influenced by competition from other entertainment channels, taxation and regulatory developments, disruptive events such as the COVID-19 pandemic (Note 23), as well as general conditions of the economy. Consequently, revenue-share fees are considered constrained and not included in the transaction price and not recognized until earned during each month based on the relevant player’s activities. Revenue-share fees recognized by the Company are based on the revenues generated

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

and expenses incurred by the customers and depend on the customers’ calculations, which could be subject to miscalculations or deliberate misrepresentation. The Company monitors revenues by customer to corroborate the amounts reported.

The Group has no material obligations for discounts, incentives or refunds of commissions subsequent to completion of performance obligations.

Other revenues are derived from promotion services whereby the Company charges a fixed fee for providing a prominent position to a customer on the Company’s website(s). The Company also generates revenue from fixed tenancy fees for operators who desire to be listed and critically reviewed on the Company’s sites. Control of the promotion service is transferred over time because the operators consume the benefit of the service in real time as it is being rendered. Therefore, these revenues are recognized straight-line over the applicable service period, with variable fees generally recognized as earned.

There are no incremental costs to obtain and no costs to fulfil contracts with customers eligible to be capitalized.

OPERATING EXPENSES

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of the following: (i) personnel related costs for commercial, marketing and content functions, (ii) amortization of intangible assets relates to amortization of domains, apps and customer contracts, and (iii) other expenses including pay per click advertising and external service providers. Sales and marketing expenses are expensed as incurred.

Technology Expenses

Technology expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs for software, web, and business intelligence technology functions as well as other expenses include hosting, software licenses, and external service providers. Technology expenses are expensed as incurred.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of the following: (i) personnel related costs for directors and executive management, finance, legal and human resource functions, (ii) amortization of right-of-use assets under IFRS 16, (iii) legal and consultancy fees for external auditors, tax, and legal advisors, (iv) non-recurring costs for transactions related to financing and investing, and (v) other expenses including short term leases, office expenses and travel and entertainment expenses. General and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred.

FINANCE INCOME

Finance income comprises interest income and unrealized/realized currency gains. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in profit or loss, using the effective interest method.

CURRENT AND DEFERRED TAX

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognized in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognized in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Deferred tax is recognized, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements. However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business combination that at the time of the transaction affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss.

Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period and are expected to apply when the related deferred tax asset is realized, or the deferred tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilized.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.

WARRANTS

Proceeds from the issue of common share purchase warrants (warrants) treated as equity are recorded as a separate component of equity. Costs incurred on the issuance of warrants are netted against proceeds. Warrants issued with common shares are measured at fair value at the date of issue using an appropriate pricing model as indicated in IFRS 2, and incorporates certain input assumptions including the warrant price, risk-free interest rate, expected warrant life and expected share price volatility. The fair value is included in the share option and warrant reserve component of equity and is transferred to share capital and capital reserve on exercise.

LEASES

The Group assesses at contract inception whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. That is, if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

The Group leases office premises in countries of its operation and applies a single recognition and measurement approach for all leases, except for short-term leases and leases of low-value assets. The Group recognizes lease liabilities for future remaining lease payments and right-of-use assets representing the right to use the underlying assets.

Right-of-use Assets

The Group recognises a right-of-use asset at the lease commencement date (i.e., the date the underlying asset is available for use). Right-of-use assets are measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and impairment losses and adjusted for certain remeasurements of lease liabilities. The cost of right-of-use assets includes the amount of lease liabilities recognised, lease payments made at or before the commencement date less any lease incentives received, initial direct costs incurred, and restoration costs.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or the useful life of the right-of-use asset using the straight-line method.

Lease Liabilities

At the commencement date of the lease, the Group recognises lease liabilities measured at the present value of the following payments, when applicable:

 

   

Fixed payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives receivable;

 

   

Variable lease payments that are based on an index or a rate;

 

   

Expected payments under residual value guarantees;

 

   

The exercise price of purchase options, where exercise is reasonably certain;

 

   

Lease payments in optional renewal periods, where exercise of extension options is reasonably certain; and

 

   

Penalty payments for the termination of a lease if the lease term reflects the exercise of the respective termination option.

Lease payments are discounted using the incremental borrowing rate that the lessee would have to pay to borrow funds under a secured loan with similar terms to those of the lease, to obtain an asset of value similar to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the incremental borrowing rate was estimated at 10.5%.

Lease liabilities are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. In addition, the carrying amount of lease liabilities is remeasured if there is a modification, a change in the lease term, or a change in the lease payments (e.g., changes to future payments resulting from a change in an index or rate used to determine such lease payments). See “Impact of initial application of IFRS 16 Leases” included within Note 2 for further information.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

For short-term or low-value leases, the Group recognizes lease expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.

SEGMENT REPORTING

An operating segment is a part of the Group that conducts business activities from which it can generate revenue and incur costs, and for which independent financial information is available. Identification of segments is based on internal reporting to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). The CODM, who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance of the operating segments, has been identified as the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”). The Group does not divide its operations into different segments, and the CODM operates and manages the Group’s entire operations as one segment, which is consistent with the Group’s internal organization and reporting system.

As at December 31, 2019, geographic analysis of the Group’s non-current assets was as follows:

 

 

 

     AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Ireland

     2,357  

United States

     107  

Malta

     23,311  
  

 

 

 
     25,775  
  

 

 

 

 

 

3. RISK MANAGEMENT

3.1 FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Group’s activities potentially expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk (foreign exchange risk and cash flow and fair value interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The management of the Group’s financial risk is based on a financial policy approved by the Board of Directors. The Group did not make use of derivative financial instruments to hedge risk exposures during the period.

(A) Market Risk

(I) Foreign Exchange Risk

Foreign exchange risk arises from future commercial transactions and recognized assets and liabilities which are denominated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency. The Group’s financial assets and financial liabilities are mainly denominated in EUR; however, some operations of the Group are carried out in USD and British Pound Sterling (“GBP”). Management performs ongoing assessments of foreign currency fluctuations on financial results; however, the Group does not enter into any derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to foreign currency risk.

As of December 31, 2019, the Group’s exposure to foreign exchange risks was primarily through cash and working capital balances held by its entities which have Euro as the functional currency. These balances included USD-denominated net assets of USD 6,459 and GBP-denominated net assets of USD 944. Based on the sensitivity analyses performed, movements in USD and GBP exchange rates to EUR by 10% would result on average in gains or losses of USD 628 and USD 120 to the Group’s net profit (loss). Management anticipates 5% is a reasonable extent of currency fluctuations in the foreseeable future.

(II) Cash Flow and Fair Value Interest Rate Risk

The Group has minimal interest-bearing assets, and its borrowings carry fixed interest rates. The risk associated with the effects of fluctuations in the prevailing levels of market interest rates on its financing position and cash flows is not deemed to be substantial.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

(B) Credit Risk

Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents and trade and other receivables. The exposure as of the reporting date is as follows:

 

 

 

     AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Trade and other receivables (excluding prepayments) (Note 8)

     2,070  

Cash and cash equivalents (Note 9)

     6,992  
  

 

 

 
     9,062  
  

 

 

 

 

 

For the year ended December 31, 2019, revenues generated from a single customer amounted to 21% of the Group’s total sales for the year.

The Group has the following financial assets that are subject to the ECL model: trade receivables and other financial assets carried at amortized cost. The Group applies the IFRS 9 simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance for all trade receivables and contract assets. The expected loss rates are based on the historical credit losses experienced over a recent twelve-month period. The historical loss rates are adjusted to reflect current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors (such as GDP growth, inflation rate and unemployment forecasts) affecting the ability of the customers to settle the receivables.

The aging of trade receivables that are past due but not impaired is shown below:

 

 

 

     AS AT DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Between one and two months

     68  

Between two and three months

     31  

More than three months

     98  
  

 

 

 
     197  

 

 

The Company recognized an impairment on trade receivables in the year ended December 31, 2019 of USD 180 for the balance due from a partner (or 75% of the total balance due) as the collection of the full balance was concluded to be doubtful.

The activity in the credit loss allowance was as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

As of January 1

     240  

Increase in credit losses allowance

     293  

Write offs

     (193
  

 

 

 

As of December 31

     340  

 

 

The Group actively manages credit limits and exposures in a practicable manner such that past due amounts receivable from the operator customers are within controlled parameters. Management assesses the credit quality of the operators, taking into account their financial position, past experience and other factors. The Group’s receivables are principally in respect of transactions with operators for whom there is no recent history of default. Management does not expect significant losses from non-performance by these operators above the ECL provision. The directors consider that the Group was not exposed to significant credit risk as at the end of the current reporting period.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

The Group monitors intra-group credit exposures at the individual entity level on a regular basis and ensures timely performance in the context of its overall liquidity management. Management concluded the Group’s exposure to credit losses on intra-group receivables were immaterial.

As cash and cash equivalents are held with financial institutions, any credit risk is deemed to be immaterial. The IFRS 9 assessment conducted for these balances did not identify any material impairment loss as of December 31, 2019.

(C) Liquidity Risk

The Group is exposed to liquidity risk in relation to meeting future obligations associated with its financial liabilities, which are predominantly comprised of trade and other payables and borrowings (Notes 13 and 14). Prudent liquidity risk management includes maintaining sufficient cash and committed credit lines to ensure the availability of adequate funding to meet the Group’s obligations when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to its reputation.

Management monitors liquidity risk by continual observation of cash inflows and outflows. To improve the net cash inflows and maintain cash balances at a specified level, management ensures that no additional financing facilities are expected to be required over the coming year. In this respect, management does not consider liquidity risk to the Group as significant when taking into account the liquidity management process referred to above.

The following tables summarize the maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments. Balances due within 12 months equal their carrying balances as the impact of discounting is not significant.

 

 

 

     LESS
THAN
1 YEAR
     BETWEEN
1 AND 2
YEARS
     MORE
THAN
2 YEARS
     TOTAL  

As of December 31, 2019

           

Senior secured bonds due in 2021

     1,887        19,862               21,749  

Lease liability

     393        381        2,130        2,904  

Trade and other payables

     1,181                      1,181  

 

 

3.2 CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Group’s capital management objectives are to safeguard its ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt.

At December 31, 2019, the net current asset position of the Group was USD 7,008. Management prepares and reviews a rolling forecast of the Group’s operations for the 12-month period to anticipate any liquidity deficit. Per the assessment made as of the reporting date, the Group will have sufficient funds to settle liabilities in a timely manner in the foreseeable future.

The Group’s equity, as disclosed in the consolidated statement of financial position, constitutes its capital. The Group maintains the level of capital by reference to its financial obligations and commitments arising from operational requirements. In view of the nature of the Group’s activities, the capital level as at the end of the reporting year is deemed adequate.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

3.3 FAIR VALUES OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

Financial instruments measured at fair value in the consolidated statement of financial position are grouped into three levels of fair value hierarchy. This grouping is determined based on the lowest level of significant inputs used in fair value measurement, as follows:

 

  1.

Level I – quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

 

  2.

Level II – inputs other than quoted prices included within Level I that are observable for the instrument, either directly (i.e., as prices) or indirectly (i.e., derived from prices).

 

  3.

Level III – inputs for instrument that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The following table summarizes the Group’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis by level within the fair value hierarchy as of the date indicated:

 

 

 

     DECEMBER 31, 2019  
     LEVEL 1      LEVEL 2      LEVEL 3      AGGREGATE
FAIR VALUE
 

Liabilities:

  

Senior secured bonds due in 2021

     18,611                      18,611  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     18,611                      18,611  
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2019, the carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade and other receivables, and trade and other payables reflected in the consolidated statement of financial position are reasonable estimates of fair value in view of the nature of these instruments or the relatively short period of time between the origination of the instruments and their expected realization. There were no transfers into or out of any classification of financial instruments in the period.

4. CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES AND JUDGEMENTS

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

ASSET ACQUISITIONS

Between September 2016 and February 2018, the Group made five separate acquisitions of intellectual property consisting of domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps and content, and customer contracts. Effective January 1, 2019, the Group early adopted the amended definition of the business in IFRS 3 with retrospective application to prior acquisitions. As amended, IFRS 3 defines a business as an integrated set of activities and assets, which must include at a minimum an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create output. Entities are also allowed to perform an optional concentration test. If substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar assets, the acquired integrated set does not constitute a business.

All the Group’s acquisitions satisfied the requirements of the concentration test, as substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired was concentrated in the domain names together with the related websites, mobile apps,

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

and content. In addition, no substantive processes were included in any of the acquisitions. When no workforce is acquired, a process is considered substantive when it is unique or scarce. The Group did not acquire any workforce, and promptly transitioned the acquired assets onto its technology platform, integrating them into its existing processes. The legacy processes underlying the acquired assets were not unique or scarce, as they were based on commercially available Internet technologies and did not incorporate any substantive know-how. The Group concluded that all prior acquisitions were acquisitions of assets, and that early adoption of the amended definition of the business in IFRS 3 did not have any quantifiable impact on the assessment of the acquisitions.

INDEFINITE LIFE INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The acquired domain names, together with the related assets, are assigned an indefinite useful life when there is evidence based on the analysis of the applicable market trends and circumstances, management plans, expected usage and information about the ongoing cash inflows that the asset will be able to generate cash flows to the Group for an indefinite period. Indefinite-life intangibles are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually as of December 31. In addition, the Group reassesses in each period the assumptions underlying the useful life of indefinite-life intangible assets and assigns such assets a finite life if indicated by changes in the applicable facts and circumstances. Finite-life domain names and the related assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the estimated period during which they are expected to continue to generate cash flows for the Group.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Group had three domain name intangibles with indefinite useful life and the aggregate carrying value of USD 18,434. The Group also had one finite-life mobile apps intangible asset, which was amortized over its useful life of 48 months and had a carrying value of USD 4,838 at December 31, 2019. At December 31, 2019, the Group has concluded no changes to the useful lives of these assets were necessary.

Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are tested for impairment annually at December 31. For the purposes of impairment assessment, assets are grouped at the lowest level which generates cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of the remaining assets (cash-generating units). Substantially all of the Group’s cash inflows are generated through the use of its technology platform which is monetized via various informational portals that include domain names, websites and mobile apps. Accordingly, the Group determined it has one cash-generating unit that includes all of its intangibles, property and equipment, and right of use assets.

As of December 31, 2019, the Group tested its indefinite-life intangible assets for impairment as part of the Group’s single cash generating unit. The recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit was based on the cash flow projections reflecting actual income from operations in 2019, and projected cash flows for 2020—2024 in which an average annual rate of growth between 8% and 32% was assumed and a long-term sustainable growth rate of 3% was applied. The projected cash flows were discounted using a pre-tax discount rate of 14.6%. The effective tax rate was estimated at 24%. The methods for determining the significant inputs and assumptions are based on experience and expectations regarding market performance.

The Group concluded that the recoverable amount is well in excess of the assets’ carrying amount, and accordingly a sensitivity analysis in this regard is not disclosed. Consequently, the Group concluded no impairment charges were necessary.

When a triggering event arises, it may be necessary to test an asset for impairment at an individual asset level. This is the case when the asset’s fair value less costs to sell and value in use are both negligible. As at December 31, 2019, the Group had one domain name intangible asset that had been impaired, with the impairment loss recognized, in a prior period. As of December 31, 2019, no additional intangible assets met the criteria to be tested at the individual asset level.

FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Group entered into a senior secured bond arrangement in October 2018 with third parties. The bonds have an embedded early redemption derivative, and the Group has elected to measure senior secured bonds at fair value through profit and loss. The fair value of the bonds is categorized as Level 1 and was determined using market quoted prices, after considering whether any adjustments may be required, for example, due to timing differences

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

between the market transaction dates and the valuation dates. No adjustments to market quoted prices were required during the year ended December 31, 2019.

Warrants issued with common shares are measured at fair value at the date of issue using the Black-Scholes pricing model or binomial pricing model, and incorporate certain input assumptions including the warrant price, risk-free interest rate, expected warrant life and expected share price volatility. The fair value is included in the share options and warrants reserve component of equity and is transferred to share capital and capital reserve on exercise.

5. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

 

 

 

     COMPUTER
AND OFFICE
EQUIPMENT
    LEASEHOLD
IMPROVEMENTS
    TOTAL  

At January 1, 2019

      

Cost

     376       219       595  

Accumulated depreciation

     (121     (2     (123
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net book amount

     255       217       472  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2019

      

Opening net book amount

     255       217       472  

Additions

     195             195  

Depreciation charge

     (68     (42     (110

Translation differences

     (6           (6
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Closing net book amount

     376       175       551  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

      

Cost

     565       217       782  

Accumulated depreciation

     (189     (42     (231
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net book amount

     376       175       551  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

The following is the reconciliation of depreciation expense:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Depreciation expensed to technology expenses

     5  

Depreciation expensed to general and administrative expenses

     105  
  

 

 

 

Total depreciation expense

     110  
  

 

 

 

 

 

6. LEASES

As of January 1, 2019, the Group had a long-term lease agreement for its office premises in Dublin. As at January 1, 2019 the Dublin lease had a total term of 9 years, and it can be early terminated after 6 years. Under IFRS 16, the Company concluded that it is reasonably certain that it will not terminate the lease; therefore, the lease term is deemed to be 9 years. The adoption of IFRS 16 on January 1, 2019 led to recognition of lease liability of USD 2,120, measured at the present value of remaining lease payments discounted at the Group’s weighted average incremental borrowing rate of 10.5%.

In September 2019, the Group signed a 2-year lease office agreement in Tampa with total lease payments of USD 76 which, as discounted at the Group’s weighted average incremental borrowing rate of 10.5%, resulted in additional lease liability of USD 67.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

Below are the carrying amounts of the Group’s right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and the movements during the year:

 

 

 

     RIGHT-OF-USE
ASSETS
    LEASE
LIABILITIES
 

At January 1, 2019

     2,120       2,120  

Additions

     67       67  

Amortization of right-of-use assets

     (243      

Interest expense

           211  

Payments

           (364

Translation differences

     (30     (31
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

     1,914       2,003  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

Lease payments not recognised as a liability

The Group has elected not to recognise a lease liability for leases that are short term (with expected lease term of 12 months or less) or for low-value leases up to USD 25. Payments made under such leases are expensed on a straight-line basis. In addition, certain variable lease payments are not permitted to be recognised as lease liabilities and are expensed as incurred.

The expense relating to payments not included in the measurement of the lease liability is as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Short-term leases

     534  

Leasing agreements with low-value

     96  
  

 

 

 
     630  
  

 

 

 

 

 

7. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

 

     DOMAINS NAMES
AND RELATED
WEBSITES
    CUSTOMER
CONTRACTS
    TOTAL  

At January 1, 2019

      

Cost

     25,713       1,007       26,720  

Accumulated amortization

     (438     (813     (1,251
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net book amount

     25,275       194       25,469  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31, 2019

      

Opening net book amount

     25,275       194       25,469  

Additions

     90             90  

Amortization charge

     (1,720     (153     (1,873

Translation differences

     (373     (3     (376
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Closing net book amount

     23,272       38       23,310  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At December 31, 2019

      

Cost

     25,430       993       26,423  

Accumulated amortization

     (2,158     (955     (3,113
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net book amount

     23,272       38       23,310  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

As of December 31, 2019, the net book value of assets with finite and indefinite useful lives was USD 4,876 and USD 18,434, respectively.

As of January 1, 2019, the Group had an outstanding consideration obligation of USD 1,462 for assets purchased in a prior period. The balance was fully paid during the year ended December 31, 2019 for a final amount of USD 1,526 including earn-out adjustment of USD 90 and foreign exchange effect of USD 26.

The annual impairment testing of indefinite-life intangibles is discussed in Note 4.

8. TRADE AND OTHER RECEIVABLES

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Current

  

Trade receivables, net (i)

     1,739  

Other receivables

     187  

Deposits

     144  

Prepayments

     297  
  

 

 

 
     2,367  

 

 

 

(i)

Trade receivables, net

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Trade receivables, gross

     2,079  

Credit loss allowance

     (340
  

 

 

 
     1,739  

 

 

Trade receivables are unsecured and subject to settlement typically within 30 days. Details on movements in the allowance are disclosed within Note 3.

9. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

Cash and cash equivalents comprise the following:

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Cash at bank

     6,992  
  

 

 

 

 

 

10. SHARE CAPITAL

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 
     SHARES          USD      

Issued and fully paid ordinary shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.002 (USD 0.002) each

     

As at January 1, 2019

     25,000,000        57  

Shares issued and sold

     2,291,543        4  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2019

     27,291,543        61  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

In October 2019, the Company issued and sold 2,291,543 ordinary shares to a third-party investor. As part of the transaction, the investor, subject to shareholders pre-emption rights, also received from the Company warrants to purchase up to 985,610 ordinary shares at an exercise price of USD 3.04 per share. (see Note 12 for additional details). The third-party investor also purchased 2,800,776 existing ordinary shares from an existing shareholder. Total proceeds for the Company from the transaction was USD 6,975 of which USD 6,500 was attributed to the shares issued and sold and USD 475 to the warrants issued. Costs attributable to the issue of new equity amounted to USD 155 and were netted against proceeds received.

At December 31, 2019, total authorized share capital of the Company was 35,000,000 shares with a nominal value of EUR 0.002 (USD 0.002) each.

11. CAPITAL RESERVE

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2019
 

Opening carrying amount

     9,772  

Share capital issue (Note 10), net of issuance costs

     6,345  

Translation difference

     (110
  

 

 

 

Closing carrying amount

     16,007  
  

 

 

 

 

 

12. SHARE OPTION AND WARRANTS RESERVE

Changes in the share option reserve for the year ended December 31 were as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2019
 
     WARRANTS      USD  

Opening balance

     2,259,744        129  

Share warrants issued

     1,085,610        476  

Modification of share warrants

            16  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Closing balance

     3,345,354        621  
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

As per January 1, 2019 the Company had outstanding fully vested warrants held by executives and independent directors to purchase 1,750,000 ordinary shares with an exercise price of EUR 0.95 (USD1.06 at December 31, 2019) per share. 150,000 of the warrants were exercised in June, 2020, and the remaining are exercisable between January 1 and June 30, 2022.

As per January 1, 2019 the Company also had outstanding fully vested warrants held by an executive to purchase 509,744 ordinary shares with an exercise price of USD 0.80. In June 2019, the Group extended the exercise period of the warrants to become exercisable between January 1 and June 30, 2022. The extension of the exercise period resulted in an incremental compensation expense of USD 16, and was determined using the binomial model with the main data inputs being volatility of 48%, an expected life of 3 years, and an annual risk-free interest rate of negative 0.620%.

In June 2019, the Company issued and sold share warrants to an executive to purchase 100,000 ordinary shares at an exercise price of EUR 2.20 (USD 2.46 at December 31, 2019) per share, in exchange for payment in cash equal to the fair value of the warrants granted. The fair value of USD 1 was determined using the binomial model with the main data inputs being volatility of 48%, an expected life of 3 years, and an annual risk-free interest rate of negative 0.620%. The warrants were exercisable between January 1, 2022 and June 30, 2022. No compensation expense resulted from the issuance of these share warrants due to purchase at fair value. The warrants were repurchased by the Company subsequent to the year end.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

As part of a transaction including issuance of shares in October 2019 to an investor, the Company issued share warrants with pre-emptive rights for shareholders for 985,610 ordinary shares at an exercise price of USD 3.04 per share, exercisable between seven and twelve months from the issuance date. The fair value of the share warrants of USD 475 was determined using the Black-Scholes model with the main data inputs being volatility of 42.6% and an annual risk-free interest rate of 1.63%. Subsequent to the year end the warrants expired unexercised.

 

13. BORROWINGS

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

As at January 1, 2019, at fair value

     23,050  

Senior secured bonds sold, at cash

     560  

Redemptions related to convertible promissory notes

     (4,480

Interest paid

     (2,246

Interest accrued (Note 19)

     2,008  

Fair value movements

     94  

Translation differences

     (375
  

 

 

 

As at December 31, 2019, at fair value

     18,611  

 

 

 

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Non-current

     18,242  

Current

     369  
  

 

 

 

Total

     18,611  

 

 

 

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Senior secured bonds

     18,611  

 

 

During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Group had outstanding Euro-denominated senior secured bonds due in 2021 which are secured with the Company’s interest in its subsidiaries and therefore with substantially all of the Group’s assets. These bonds bear an interest rate of 10.5% per annum and could be redeemed early by the Company at a premium ranging between 1.05% and 5.25% depending on the timing. Interest on the bonds was subject to increase by 0.5% to 1.5% if the Group did not maintain certain leverage ratios. Bondholders also had a right of early redemption in the event of the Group’s change in control or default. The bonds were listed on Nasdaq Stockholm.

As at January 1, 2019, the nominal amount of the senior secured bonds outstanding was EUR 15,500 (USD 17,665). During 2019, the Group sold to third parties additional bonds from treasury with a nominal amount of EUR 500 (USD 560 at December 31, 2019). At December 31, 2019, the aggregate nominal amount of the senior secured bonds due in 2021 amounted to EUR 16,000 (USD 17,974) carried at fair value of USD 18,242, and accrued interest was USD 369. Subsequent to December 31, 2019, the Group repurchased bonds and redeemed in full the remaining senior secured bonds due in 2021 for EUR 15,192 (USD 18,291) (Note 23).

As at January 1, 2019, the Group had outstanding convertible promissory notes with a nominal amount of EUR 2,625 (USD 2,939) due on June 30, 2019, bearing interest at 10% per annum and convertible at maturity at a rate based on the Group’s EBITDA for the last quarter prior to the maturity date. In addition, the Group had an

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

outstanding balance of USD 1,541 owed to certain existing shareholders who had redeemed convertible promissory notes on the Company’s behalf during 2018. During 2019, the Group redeemed in cash the remaining convertible promissory notes and the balance owed to the shareholders.

All debt securities outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2019 were designated by management as financial liabilities at fair value through profit and loss. At December 31, 2019, the fair value of the senior secured bonds exceeded the nominal value of these bonds by USD 270 and was determined using market quotes.

14. TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Trade payables (i)

     503  

Accruals

     420  

Indirect taxes

     184  

Other payables

     74  
  

 

 

 
     1,181  
  

 

 

 

 

 

(i)   Trade payables balance is unsecured, interest-free and settled within 60 days from incurrence.

15. DEFERRED TAX

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when they relate to the same fiscal authority, and there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities.

The following amounts determined after appropriate offsetting are shown in the consolidated statement of financial position:

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months

     878  

Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than 12 months

     (878
  

 

 

 
      
  

 

 

 

 

 

The change in the deferred income tax account is as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2019
 

At January 1

     452  

Charged to the consolidated statement of comprehensive income

     (452
  

 

 

 

Deferred tax liability at December 31

      
  

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred taxes are calculated on temporary differences under the liability method using the principal tax rate within the relevant jurisdiction. The balance is comprised of the following:

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Intangible assets

     (878

Trading losses and other allowances

     878  
  

 

 

 

Net deferred tax liability

      
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

At December 31, 2019 the Group had unutilized trading losses and other allowances of USD 25,950 of which USD 8,401 were not recognized based on management’s performance projections for 2020 – 2024 and the related ability to utilize the tax losses. The resulting deferred tax asset is based on the deductions allowed by Article 14(1)(m) of Malta Income Tax Act. At December 31, 2019 taxable temporary differences arising from intangible assets were USD 17,549.

16. REVENUE

Revenue is disaggregated based on how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

The Group presents revenue as disaggregated by market based on the location of the end user as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

U.K. and Ireland

     13,412  

Other Europe

     2,879  

North America

     1,916  

Rest of the world

     1,059  
  

 

 

 

Total revenues

     19,266  
  

 

 

 

 

 

The Group presents disaggregated revenue by monetization type as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Revenue share commission

     3,856  

Hybrid commission

     11,060  

CPA commission

     3,447  

Other revenue

     903  
  

 

 

 

Total revenues

     19,266  
  

 

 

 

 

 

The Group also tracks its revenues based on the product type from which it is derived. Revenue disaggregated by product type is as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Casino

     14,020  

Sports

     4,686  

Other

     560  
  

 

 

 

Total revenues

     19,266  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

17. OPERATING EXPENSES

Sales and marketing expenses

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Personnel related costs

     4,303  

External marketing expenses

     3,526  

Amortization of intangible assets

     1,873  

Other

     1,160  
  

 

 

 

Total sales and marketing expenses

     10,862  
  

 

 

 

 

 

Technology expenses

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Personnel related costs

     2,225  

Other

     273  
  

 

 

 

Total technology expenses

     2,498  
  

 

 

 

 

 

General and administrative expenses

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Personnel related costs

     1,757  

Depreciation of property and equipment

     105  

Amortization of right-of-use assets

     243  

Short term leases

     630  

Legal and consultancy fees

     460  

Non-recurring costs related to lease termination

     121  

Other

     897  
  

 

 

 

Total general and administrative expenses

     4,213  
  

 

 

 

 

 

18. PERSONNEL

The average number of employees, including executive and non-executive directors, during the year was as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Executive directors

     1  

Non-executive directors

     5  

Sales and marketing employees

     61  

Technology employees

     23  

General and administrative employees

     20  
  

 

 

 
     110  
  

 

 

 

 

 

As of December 31, 2019, the Group had 117 employees.

 

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19. FINANCE INCOME AND FINANCE EXPENSES

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Finance income

     140  

Finance expenses

     (2,475
  

 

 

 

Net finance expenses

     (2,335
  

 

 

 

 

 

Finance income of the Group is mainly comprised of translation gains of balances of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than each entity’s functional currency.

Finance expenses is comprised of USD 2,008 of interest expense on senior secured bonds due in 2021 and convertible promissory notes, USD 211 of interest expense on lease liabilities, USD 148 of translation losses of balances of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than each entity’s functional currency, and USD 108 of other finance expenses related issuance of the senior secured bond.

20. BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER SHARE

Basic loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Due to the net loss recorded for the year ended December 31, 2019, potential ordinary shares were anti-dilutive for the loss per share calculation.

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Net loss for the year attributable to the equity holders

     (1,901

Weighted-average number of ordinary shares, basic

     25,477,405  
  

 

 

 

Net loss per share attributable to ordinary shareholders, basic and diluted

     (0.07
  

 

 

 

 

 

Common stock warrants to purchase 3,345,354 ordinary shares were outstanding at December 31, 2019 that could potentially be dilutive in the future (Note 12).

For disclosures regarding the number of outstanding shares, see Note 10.

21. TAX EXPENSES

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Current tax expense

     420  

Deferred tax charge (Note 15)

     452  
  

 

 

 
     872  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

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The tax on the Group’s profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the applicable tax rate of 5% as follows:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2019
 

Loss before tax

     (1,029
  

 

 

 

Tax expense at 5%

     (52

Tax effects of:

  

Disallowed expenses

     322  

Unrecognized temporary differences

     233  

Income subject to other tax rates

     248  

Other

     121  
  

 

 

 
     872  
  

 

 

 

 

 

22. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

All significant shareholders and other companies controlled or significantly influenced by the shareholders, and all members of the key management personnel of the Group are considered by the Board of Directors to be related parties.

Directors’ and key management emoluments

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Group, including Directors. Compensation paid or payable to key management was comprised of the following:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Salaries and remuneration to key management and executive directors

     714  

Non-executive directors’ fees

     150  
  

 

 

 
     864  
  

 

 

 

 

 

The emoluments paid to the Directors during the year ended December 31, 2019 amounted to USD 450.

The following transactions were carried out with related parties:

 

 

 

     YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Expenses

  

Remuneration paid as consultancy fees

     468  

Salaries and wages

     246  

Other expenses

     13  
  

 

 

 
     727  
  

 

 

 

 

 

As per December 31, 2019 the balance outstanding to a related party was USD 34.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

The Company issued warrants to shareholders, key management and non-executive board members in prior periods and during the year (Note 12). As at December 31 the following warrants were held by related parties:

 

 

 

     AS AT
DECEMBER 31,
2019
 

Key management and executive directors

     2,129,821  

Non-executive directors

     616,757  
  

 

 

 
     2,746,578  
  

 

 

 

 

 

23. EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

In February 2020, the Group issued and sold 164,269 ordinary shares in exchange for cash proceeds of USD 500.

In March 2020, the Group repurchased on the open market senior secured bonds due in 2021 with a nominal amount of EUR 4,300 (USD 4,722), in exchange for a cash payment of EUR 3,123 million (USD 3,496).

In June 2020, the Group received USD 180 under an unsecured loan granted under the Payment Protection Plan program authorized by the United States government in response to the novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic. The loan is repayable in monthly instalments from April 2021 to May 2022, bears interest at 1% per annum and could be forgiven if certain conditions are met.

In October 2020, share warrants to purchase 985,610 ordinary shares held by shareholders expired.

In October 2020, the Group’s shareholders in an extraordinary general meeting approved the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan and authorized the Board of Directors to issue share options, warrants and other instruments for a period of 4 years in amounts not to exceed 1,500,000 ordinary shares of the Group.

In November 2020, the Group granted certain employees options to purchase 485,000 shares and warrants to purchase 250,000 shares with an exercise price equal to EUR 3.01 (USD 3.52) per share. The options vest in tranches over the service period of four years. The warrants are fully vested and were paid for at their fair value.

On December 7, 2020, the Group closed a share subscription agreement with Charles Gillespie, Kevin McCrystle, Mark Blandford, Edison Partners IX, LP, and other parties thereto for a growth equity investment of USD 3,000 in new equity.

In December 2020, the Group entered into a two-year term loan agreement with an unrelated investor, pursuant to which it borrowed USD 6,000 bearing an interest rate of 8% and due in December 2022, which was used primarily to redeem the remaining outstanding senior secured bonds due in 2021.

In December 2020, the Group early redeemed the remaining outstanding senior secured bonds due in 2021 with a nominal amount of EUR 11,700 (USD 14,343), in exchange for a cash payment of EUR 12,069 (USD 14,795), including the redemption premium of 3.15%. The redemption of the bonds resulted in a total cash outflow of EUR 12,301 million (USD 15,080).

COVID-19

The COVID-19 global pandemic has presented health and economic challenges on an unprecedented scale. The online gambling industry has been affected by COVID-19 both directly in terms of disruptions to revenue generating activities and indirectly as a result of effects to the general economy and financial markets.

The direct impact of COVID-19 on the Group’s business beyond disruptions to normal business operations in several offices primarily results from the suspension and cancellation of sports seasons and sporting events. As a result of most major sports events having been postponed or cancelled for parts of 2020, the Group’s revenue from sports for

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

the respective period was directly and significantly affected. However, revenue from casino and other non-sports products showed strong grow throughout 2020 and revenue from sports showed signs of recovery as sports events returned.

Based on currently available information, the Group does not expect a significant negative long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business. The Group and its customers’ online business models benefit from an accelerated structural change from offline to online. The demands for the Group’s services were not impacted significantly by changes in buying behaviour and disposable income of its websites’ users. Consequently, management concluded that there was no overall negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial performance of the Group during 2020. While sports betting was impacted, it represented only 24% of the Group’s total revenues in 2019. Growth in casino revenue more than offset the decrease in sports revenue.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

 

 

 

 

LOGO

Ordinary Shares

Jefferies

                    , 2021

Through and including                     , 2021 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in the ordinary shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

 

 

 


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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

PART II

Information not required in prospectus

Item 6. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities, other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding, is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

Subject to the Jersey Companies Law, our Articles permit us to indemnify any director against any liability, to purchase and maintain insurance against any liability for any director and to provide any director with funds (whether by loan or otherwise) to meet expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him in defending any criminal, regulatory or civil proceedings or in connection with an application for relief (or to enable any such director to avoid incurring such expenditure).

However, Article 77 of the Jersey Companies Law limits the ability of a Jersey company to exempt or indemnify a director from any liability arising from acting as a director. It provides that neither a company (or any of its subsidiaries) nor any other person for some benefit conferred or detriment suffered directly or indirectly by the company, may exempt or indemnify any director from, or against, any liability incurred by him as a result of being a director of the company except where the company exempts or indemnifies him against:

 

(a)

any liabilities incurred in defending any proceedings (whether civil or criminal):

 

  (i)

in which judgment is given in his or her favor or he or she is acquitted;

 

  (ii)

which are discontinued otherwise than for some benefit conferred by him or her or on his or her behalf or some detriment suffered by him or her; or

 

  (iii)

which are settled on terms which include such benefit or detriment and, in the opinion of a majority of the directors of the company (excluding any director who conferred such benefit or on whose behalf such benefit was conferred or who suffered such detriment), he or she was substantially successful on the merits in his or her resistance to the proceedings; or

 

  (b)

any liability incurred otherwise than to the company if he or she acted in good faith with a view to the best interests of the company;

 

  (c)

any liability incurred in connection with an application made under Article 212 of the Jersey Companies Law in which relief is granted to him or her by the court; or

 

(d)

any liability against which the company normally maintains insurance for persons other than directors.

Article 77 of the Jersey Companies Law permits a company to purchase and maintain directors’ and officers’ insurance and we maintain a directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for the benefit of our directors and officers.

Item 7. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

Set forth below is information regarding share capital issued by us during the past three years. None of the below described transactions involved any underwriters, underwriting discounts or commissions, or any public offering.

On July 17, 2018, we issued an aggregated of 1,600,000 warrants to purchase our ordinary shares at EUR 0.95 per share under the 2018 Plan to certain of our officers. All of these warrants are outstanding.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

On July 17, 2018, we issued an aggregated of 150,000 warrants to purchase our ordinary shares at EUR 0.95 per share under the 2018 Independent Director Program to certain of our board of directors. All of these warrants were exercised in June 2020.

In June 2019, we issued warrants to certain officers to purchase 100,000 ordinary shares at an exercise price of EUR 2.20 per share in exchange for payment in cash equal to the fair value of the warrants granted. The warrants were subject to repurchase by us at cost within twelve months after issuance and thereafter at fair value. The warrants were repurchased by us subsequent to the year end.

In October 2019, we issued an aggregate of 2,291,543 of our ordinary shares, and 985,610 warrants to purchase ordinary shares at an exercise price of USD 3.04 subject to pre-emptive rights of shareholders, to an investor in a private placement for gross proceeds of $6.98 million. As part of the transaction, the investor, subject to shareholders pre-emption rights, also received from us warrants to purchase up to 985,610 of our ordinary shares at an exercise price of USD 3.04 per share. In October 2020, such warrants to purchase 985,610 of our ordinary shares held by such investor expired. In February 2020, we issued an aggregate of 164,269 of our ordinary shares to an investor in a private placement for gross proceeds of $0.5 million.

On November 23, 2020, we issued an aggregate of 985,610 of our ordinary shares to certain investors and certain of our executive officers and board of directors pursuant to certain share subscription agreement for gross proceeds of $3 million.

Since November 23, 2020, we have issued an aggregate of 250,000 warrants and 485,000 options to purchase our ordinary shares under the 2020 Stock Incentive Plan. All of these warrants and options are currently outstanding, at an exercise price of EUR 3.01 per share.

The offers, sales and issuances of the securities described in the preceding paragraphs were exempt from registration either (1) under Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act in that the transactions did not involve any public offering within the meaning of Section 4(a)(2), (2) under Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act in that the transactions were under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation or (3) under Regulation S promulgated under the Securities Act in that offers, sales and issuances were not made to persons in the U.S. and no directed selling efforts were made in the U.S.

Item 8. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

(a)

The Exhibit Index is hereby incorporated herein by reference.

 

(b)

Financial Statement Schedules.

All schedules have been omitted because they are not required, are not applicable or the information is otherwise set forth in the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto.

Item 9. Undertakings.

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes:

 

1.

For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

 

2.

For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

Item 16F. Change in Registrant’s Certifying Accountant

On November 11, 2020, our Audit Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that BDO LLP be appointed as our independent registered public accounting firm beginning with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2019. Upon the appointment of BDO LLP, our prior auditors were dismissed as our statutory auditor in Malta.

BDO LLP has performed the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, which are included at the end of the prospectus that forms a part of this Registration Statement, in accordance with the standards of the U.S. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.

The prior auditor’s reports relating to the statutory audits of the historic financial statements, prepared under International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union, for each of the two years ended December 31, 2019, are not included or incorporated by reference in this Registration Statement. The prior auditor’s statutory audit reports did not contain an adverse opinion or a disclaimer of opinion, and were not qualified or modified as to uncertainty, audit scope or accounting principles.

During the two years ended December 31, 2019 and the subsequent interim period through November 11, 2020, (i) there were no disagreements (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions to Item 304 of Regulation S-K) between the Company and the prior auditor over any matter of accounting principles or practices, financial statement disclosure or auditing scope or procedures, which disagreements if not resolved to the prior auditor’s satisfaction would have caused the prior auditor’s to make reference to the subject matter of the disagreement in connection with its report; and (ii) there were no reportable events (as defined in Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K).

We have requested that our prior auditor furnish a letter addressed to the Securities and Exchange Commission stating whether it agrees with the above statements, and, if not, stating the respects in which it does not agree. Such letter will be included as Exhibit 16.1 to this Registration Statement on Form F-1.

Furthermore, in the two years ended December 31, 2019, and the subsequent interim period through November 11, 2020, we did not consult with BDO LLP, regarding either (i) the application of accounting principles to a specified transaction, either completed or proposed, or the type of audit opinion that might be rendered with respect to our consolidated financial statements and neither a written report nor oral advice was provided to us that BDO LLP concluded was an important factor considered by us in reaching a decision as to any accounting, auditing, or financial reporting issue; or (ii) any matter that was the subject of a disagreement within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(iv) of Regulation S-K and the related instructions; or (ii) any reportable event within the meaning of Item 304(a)(1)(v) of Regulation S-K.

 

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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

 

 

EXHIBIT
NO.

  

DESCRIPTION

  1.1    Form of Underwriting Agreement*
  3.1    Articles of Association of the Registrant*
  3.2    Form of Amended and Restated Articles of Association of the Registrant to become effective upon closing of this offering*
  4.1    Specimen share certificate*
  5.1    Opinion of Mourant Ozannes (Jersey) LLP, Jersey counsel to the Registrant, as to the validity of the ordinary shares (including consent)*
16.1    Letter regarding change in certifying accountant*
21.1    List of subsidiaries of the Registrant*
23.1    Consent of BDO LLP, independent registered public accounting firm*
23.2    Consent of Mourant Ozannes (Jersey) LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)*
24.1    Power of Attorney (included in signature page to Registration Statement)

 

 

*   To be filed by amendment.


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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in                  on this                  day of                     , 2021.

 

GAMBLING.COM GROUP LIMITED
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS that each person whose signature appears below hereby constitutes and appoints Charles Gillespie or Elias Mark, and each of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power to act separately and full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to this registration statement and all additional registration statements pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto each said attorney-in-fact and agent full power and authority to do and perform each and every act in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or either of them or his or her or their substitute or substitutes may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons on                     , 2021 in the capacities indicated:

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

  

TITLE

     

Charles Gillespie

  

Chief Executive Officer, Director

(Principal Executive Officer)

     

Elias Mark

  

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

     

Mark Blandford

   Chairman of the Board

     

Susan Ball

   Director

     

Fredrik Burvall

   Director

     

Pär Sundberg

   Director

 

 


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Confidential treatment requested by Gambling.com Group Limited pursuant to 17 C.F.R. Section 200.83

 

 

 

SIGNATURES

  

TITLE

     

Gregg Michaelson

   Director

GDC America Inc.

  

Authorized Representative in the U.S.

 

 

 

By:  

 

 

Name:

Title: