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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes

The Company calculates an effective income tax rate each quarter using the estimated annual effective rate method based upon forecasted annual income by jurisdiction, statutory tax rates and other tax-related items. The impact of discrete items is recognized in the interim period in which they occur. Discrete items and the mix of domestic and foreign pre-tax income and losses with no tax benefit may significantly impact the interim period income tax provision and increase the volatility of the interim period effective tax rate at low levels of pre-tax results.

A valuation allowance has been recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized based on an assessment of positive and negative evidence, including past losses. In the fourth quarter of 2015, the company booked a valuation allowance against federal deferred tax assets due to cumulative losses.

In connection with the sale of Anders, the Company recorded a $19.1 million worthless stock deduction associated with CDI AndersElite Limited on its 2016 U.S. federal income tax return, which was treated as an ordinary loss for tax purposes. This loss resulted in a deferred tax asset of $7.4 million, which can be carried forward for up to 20 years and used against future taxable income. There is no net income tax benefit related to this item due to the full valuation allowance against federal deferred tax assets.

The Company's ability to deduct its net operating loss Carryforwards and to utilize certain other available tax attributes can be substantially constrained under the general annual limitation rules of Section 382 where an ownership change has occurred. The pending acquisition of the Company by Nova Intermediate Parent, LLC should constitute an ownership change.
The effective tax rates for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 were (14.7)% and (13.0)%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 is a negative rate due to taxes on profits in Canada and in certain states, while tax benefits for United States Federal and certain state losses are not recognized due to valuation allowances. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2016 is a negative rate due to taxes on profits in Canada and in certain states, while tax benefits for United States Federal, certain state losses and United Kingdom losses were not recognized due to valuation allowances.

Management assesses the available positive and negative evidence to estimate whether sufficient future taxable income will be generated to permit use of the existing deferred tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards. Management’s assessment is made for each taxpayer on a jurisdiction by jurisdiction basis. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against the deferred tax asset related to federal taxes and certain U.S. state taxes due to cumulative losses over the prior three years. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be adjusted if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period are increased or decreased or if objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses is no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as our projections for growth.