The consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes include the accounts of SomaLogic and our wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for financial information. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative GAAP as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Updates (“ASUs”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).

Capitalized costs incurred in relation to the development of software under hosting arrangements that are service contracts should be classified as operating activities in the statement of cash flows. The Company determined that the prior classification of these capitalized costs under purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales within investing activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows was not material to the prior period consolidated financial statements as a whole. The prior period’s consolidated statement of cash flows has been revised to reflect the proper classification of capitalized costs in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as follows:


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
(in thousands)	As Previously Reported		Reclassification		Revised
Operating Activities
Cloud computing arrangement expenditures	$	—	$	(3,412)	$	(3,412)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(36,972)	$	(3,412)	$	(40,384)

Investing Activities
Purchases of property and equipment, net of proceeds from sales	(6,719)		3,412		(3,307)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	(185,431)	$	3,412	$	(182,019)

Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	1,492	$	(877)	$	615

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, inventory valuation, the fair value of common stock used in the valuation of stock-based compensation awards prior to the SPAC Merger, intangible asset valuations, contingent consideration valuations, and earn-out liability valuations. We base our estimates on current facts, historical and anticipated results, trends, and other relevant assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, investments, and accounts receivable. The Company does not require collateral or other security related to its receivables. Our cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high-quality financial institutions. Deposits at these institutions may, at times, exceed federally insured limits.

Significant customers are those that represent more than 10% of the Company’s total revenues or gross accounts receivable balances for the periods in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss and as of each balance sheet date presented. For each significant customer, revenue as a percentage of total revenues and gross accounts receivable as a percentage of total gross accounts receivable as of the periods presented were as follows:

International sales entail a variety of risks, including currency exchange fluctuations, longer payment cycles, and greater difficulty in accounts receivable collection. Customers outside the United States collectively represented 35% and 31% of the Company’s revenues for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Customers outside of the United States collectively represented 23% and 18% of the Company’s gross accounts receivable balance as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company accounts for business combinations using the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations. A business combination is one that combines inputs and processes to create outputs, and where substantially all of the fair value of assets acquired is not concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed are recorded at their acquisition date fair values. When determining the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, management makes significant estimates and assumptions. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities assumed is recorded as goodwill. Acquisition related costs are expensed as incurred and included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. See Note 3, Business Combinations, for additional details.

Contingent consideration arrangements represent a promise to deliver Common Stock and/or cash to former owners of an acquired business after the acquisition if certain specified events occur or conditions are met in the future are classified as liabilities and recognized at fair value at the acquisition date and at each subsequent reporting period. The contingent consideration liabilities contractually due beyond 12 months are recorded in other long-term liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Subsequent changes in fair value are recorded in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. See Note 3, Business Combinations, for additional details.

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiary is the British pound sterling. In preparing its consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to translate the financial statements of this subsidiary from British pounds sterling to U.S. dollars. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the Company’s subsidiary are translated into U.S. dollars at current exchange rates and the results of operations are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. Since the Company’s functional currency is deemed to be the local currency, any gain or loss associated with the translation of its consolidated financial statements is included in other comprehensive income (loss) in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Net foreign currency transaction gains (losses) were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Restricted cash represents cash on deposit with a financial institution as security for letters of credit outstanding for the benefit of the landlords related to operating leases and a bank guarantee with an international customer. The portion of restricted cash expected to be released within twelve months is classified as prepaid expenses and other current assets on the consolidated balance sheets and was $4.7 million and nil as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Cash expected to be restricted for greater than twelve months is classified as other long-term assets on the consolidated balance sheets and was $0.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

The Company has designated all investments, which consist of U.S. Treasury securities, asset-backed securities, commercial paper, corporate bonds and agency bonds, as available-for-sale securities. Available-for-sale securities are reported at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported as a component of other comprehensive (loss) income. Realized gains and losses, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and interest and dividends earned on available-for-sale securities are included in interest income and other, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The cost of investments for purposes of computing realized and unrealized gains and losses is based on the specific identification method. The Company determines the appropriate classification of its debt securities at the time of purchase based on their maturities and re-evaluates such classification at each balance sheet date.

A decline in the fair value of a security below its cost that is deemed to be other-than-temporary is recorded as interest income and other, net and results in the establishment of a new basis for the security. Factors evaluated to determine if an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired include significant deterioration in earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality or business prospects of the issuer; adverse changes in the general market conditions in which the issuer operates; the Company’s intent to sell the security, and whether or not the Company will be required to sell the security before the recovery of its amortized cost.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability, or the exit price, in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability to be transferred in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs, where available, and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The hierarchy defines three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

A financial instrument categorization within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our financial instruments consist of Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 assets and liabilities. The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities, approximate fair value due to their relatively short-term maturities.

Accounts receivable are stated at the amount management expects to collect from customers based on their outstanding invoices. We review accounts receivable regularly to determine if any receivable may not be collectible. Management estimates the amount of the allowance for doubtful accounts necessary to reduce accounts receivable to its estimated net realizable value by analyzing the status of significant past due receivables and current and historical bad debt trends. The Company writes off accounts receivable against the allowance when it determines a balance is uncollectible and ceases collection efforts. We did not write off any material accounts receivable balances during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. We recorded a long-term receivable for guaranteed fixed minimum royalties net of a discount related to a significant financing component. The related interest income is recognized over the term of the agreement on an effective interest rate basis.

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) or net realizable value. Cost is determined using a standard cost system, whereby the standard costs are updated periodically to reflect current costs. The Company estimates the recoverability of inventory by referencing estimates of future demands and product life cycles, including expiration. The Company periodically analyzes its inventory levels to identify inventory that may expire prior to expected usage, no longer meets quality specifications, or has a cost basis in excess of its estimated net realizable value and records a charge to cost of revenue for such inventory as appropriate. The value of inventory that is not expected to be used within 12 months of the balance sheet date is classified as non-current inventory in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Depreciation for property and equipment is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which we estimate to be: lab equipment, 1 to 5 years; computer equipment, 3 years; furniture and fixtures, 4 years; and software, the shorter of 5 years or its useful life. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the assets.

The Company capitalizes certain internal and external costs related to the acquisition and development of internal use software or cloud computing arrangements during the application development stages of projects. When the software is ready for its intended use, the Company amortizes these costs using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset, or, for cloud computing service arrangements, over the term of the hosting arrangement. Costs incurred during the preliminary project or the post-implementation/operation stages of the project are expensed as incurred.

Costs for capital assets not yet placed into service are capitalized as construction in progress and depreciated once placed into service. Upon retirement or sale, the cost of assets disposed of and the related accumulated depreciation and amortization are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is included within loss from operations in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Acquired in-process research and development (“IPR&D”) relates to substantial research and development efforts that are incomplete at the acquisition date. IPR&D intangible assets are considered indefinite-lived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. During the development phase, these assets are not amortized but are tested for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of the year or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. Once the IPR&D activities are completed, the intangible asset is amortized over its useful life on a straight-line basis.

Goodwill is the difference between the total consideration paid in a business combination and the fair value of the net of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on an annual basis during the fourth quarter of the year and in interim periods if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is below its carrying amount. All of the Company’s goodwill is assigned to its one reporting unit.

The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, including goodwill. If, after assessing the totality of events or circumstances, the Company determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, then the quantitative goodwill impairment test is unnecessary. For the quantitative goodwill impairment test, the fair value of the reporting unit is compared to its carrying value and an impairment is recorded for the excess carrying value over fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company had no goodwill as of December 31, 2021.

The Company evaluates a long-lived asset (or asset group) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. If indicators of impairment exist and the undiscounted future cash flows that the asset (or asset group) is expected to generate are less than the carrying value of the asset (or asset group), an impairment loss is recorded to write down the asset (or asset group) to its estimated fair value based on a discounted cash flow approach. There were no impairment losses recorded for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Following the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), on January 1, 2022, we determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception of the contract. Operating lease right-of-use (“ROU”) assets are included in other long-term assets, and operating lease liabilities are included in other current liabilities and other long-term liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

ROU assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term at commencement date. As the implicit rate in the Company's leases is generally unknown, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of future lease payments. The Company gives consideration to its credit risk, term of the lease, total lease payments and adjusts for the impacts of collateral, as necessary, when calculating its incremental borrowing rates.

level, we include the lease incentive in the measurement of the ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement. The lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain the Company will exercise any such options. Lease costs for our operating leases are recognized on a straight-line basis within operating expenses over the lease term in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

We have lease agreements with lease and non-lease components. However, we have elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components for all of our existing classes of assets. Therefore, the lease and non-lease components are accounted for as a single lease component. We have also elected to not apply the recognition requirement to any short-term leases with a term of 12 months or less.

During February 2021, in connection with CMLS II’s initial public offering, CMLS II issued 5,519,991 warrants (the “Public Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock at $11.50 per share. Simultaneously, with the consummation of the CMLS II initial public offering, CMLS II issued 5,013,333 warrants through a private placement (the “Private Placement Warrants”, and together with the Public Warrants, the “Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock at $11.50 per share. All of the Warrants were outstanding as of December 31, 2022.

We classify the Warrants as liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets as these instruments are precluded from being indexed to our own stock given that the terms allow for a settlement adjustment that does not meet the scope for the fixed-for-fixed exception in ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Since the Warrants meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815-40, the Company recorded these warrants as long-term liabilities at fair value on the date of the SPAC Merger, with subsequent changes in their respective fair values recognized within change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss at each reporting date. See Note 12, Stockholders' Equity, for more information on the Warrants.

As a result of the SPAC Merger, additional shares of Common Stock were provided to SomaLogic Operating shareholders and to certain employees and directors of SomaLogic (“Earn-Out Service Providers”) of up to 3,500,125 and 1,499,875, respectively (the “Earn-Out Shares”). The Earn-Out Shares are payable if the price of our Common Stock is greater than or equal to $20.00 for a period of at least 20 out of 30 consecutive trading days at any time between the 13- and 24-month anniversary of the closing date of the SPAC Merger (the “Triggering Event”). Any Earn-Out Shares issuable to an Earn-Out Service Provider ( the “Service Provider Earn-Outs”) shall be issued only if such individual continues to provide services (whether as an employee or director) through the date of occurrence of the corresponding Triggering Event (or a change in control acceleration event, if applicable) that causes such Earn-Out Shares to become issuable. Any Earn-Out Shares that are forfeited pursuant to the preceding sentence shall be reallocated to the SomaLogic Operating shareholders in accordance with their respective pro rata Earn-Out Shares.

The Earn-Out Shares granted to shareholders are recognized as a liability in accordance with ASC 815. The liability was included as part of the consideration transferred in the SPAC Merger and was recorded at fair value. The earn-out liability is remeasured at the end of each reporting period, with subsequent changes in fair value recognized within change in fair value of earn-out liability in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company recognizes revenue from sales to customers under ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). ASC 606 provides a five-step model for recognizing revenue that includes identifying the contract with a customer, identifying the performance obligations in the contract, determining the transaction price, allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations, and recognizing revenue when, or as, an entity satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company recognizes revenue when or as control of promised goods or services is transferred to the Company’s customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected concurrent with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue.

The Company generates assay services revenue primarily from the sale of SomaScan® services. SomaScan® service revenue is derived from performing the SomaScan® assay on customer samples to generate data on protein biomarkers. Revenue from SomaScan® services is recognized at the time the analysis data or report is delivered to the customer, which is when control has been transferred to the customer. SomaScan® services are sold at a fixed price per sample without any volume discounts, rebates, or refunds.

The delivery of each assay data report is a separate performance obligation. For arrangements with multiple performance obligations, the transaction price must be allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Judgment is required to determine the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation as there are few directly comparable products in the market and factors such as customer size are factored into the determination of selling price. We determine standalone selling prices based on amounts invoiced to customers in observable transactions.

Product revenue primarily consists of equipment and kit sales to customers that assay samples in their own laboratories. Equipment is generally accounted for as a bundle with installation, qualification and training services. Revenue is recognized based on the progress made toward achieving the performance obligation utilizing input methods, including costs incurred. Revenue from kit sales is recognized upon transfer of control to the customer. Shipping and handling costs billed to customers are included in product revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In July 2011, NEC Corporation (“NEC”) and the Company entered into a Strategic Alliance Agreement (the “SAA”) to develop a professional software tool to enable SomaScan® customers to easily access and interpret the highly multiplexed proteomic data generated by SomaLogic’s SomaScan® assay technology in the United States. To support this development, NEC made an upfront payment of $12.0 million. This agreement includes a clause whereby if there is a material breach of the contract or change in control of the Company, the Company may be required to pay a fee to terminate the agreement.

The Company determined that the SAA met the criteria set forth in ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements, (“ASC 808”) because both parties were active participants and were exposed to significant risks and rewards dependent on commercial failure or success. The Company recorded the upfront payment as deferred revenue to be recognized over the period of performance of 15 years. The revenue was recorded in collaboration revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

In March 2020, NEC and the Company mutually terminated the SAA and concurrently the Company and NEC Solution Innovators, Ltd. (“NES”), a wholly owned subsidiary of NEC, entered into a new arrangement, the JDCA, to develop and commercialize SomaScan® services in Japan, as described in the section entitled “Collaboration Agreements” above. NES agreed to make annual payments of $2 million for five years, for a total of $10.0 million, in exchange for research and development activities, as described below. The Company determined the JDCA should be accounted for as a modification of the SAA. Therefore, the remaining SAA deferred revenue balance as of the date of the modification was included as consideration under the JDCA resulting in total consideration of $15.3 million for research and development activities. We determined that this arrangement also meets the criteria set forth in ASC 808. The JDCA contains three separate performance obligations: (i) research and development activities, (ii) assay services, and (iii) a 10-year exclusive license of the Company’s intellectual property.

The Company determined that NES is not a customer with respect to the research and development activities associated with the collaboration arrangement under ASC 808. The Company recognizes revenue from these activities based on the progress made toward achieving the performance obligation utilizing input methods, including costs incurred, in collaboration revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

The Company determined that NES is a customer for the assay services performance obligation, which should be accounted for using the criteria under ASC 606. The Company receives a fixed fee (standalone selling price) per sample in exchange for assaying samples, which is a service performed for other customers in the ordinary course of business. This

The Company determined that NES is a customer for the license performance obligation, which should be accounted for using the criteria under ASC 606. The Company receives royalties based on NES’ net sales and determined the allocation of royalties solely to this performance obligation is consistent with the objectives in ASC 606. This performance obligation was satisfied at the beginning of the license term. Subject to the sales and usage-based royalty exception, revenue is recognized in the period in which the subsequent sale or usage has occurred. Royalties are recorded in other revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Other revenue includes royalty revenue and revenue received from research grants. The Company recognizes royalty revenue for fees paid by customers in return for a license to make, use or sell certain licensed products in certain geographic areas. These fees are equivalent to a percentage of the customer’s related revenues. The Company recognizes revenue for sales-based or usage-based royalties promised in exchange for a functional license of intellectual property when the later of the following events occurs: (i) the subsequent sale or usage occurs, or (ii) the performance obligation to which some or all of the sales-based or usage-based royalty has been satisfied. As such, revenue is recognized in the period in which the subsequent sale or usage has occurred.

In June 2008, the Company and New England Biolabs, Inc. (“NEB”) entered into an exclusive licensing agreement, whereby the Company provides a license to use certain proprietary information and know-how relating to its aptamer technology to make and use commercial products. In exchange, the Company receives royalties from NEB for this functional license of intellectual property. In September 2022, the Company and NEB entered into a license and settlement agreement (“NEB Agreement”) that terminated the existing exclusive licensing arrangement and provided for a settlement of $8.0 million of previously constrained royalties. The NEB Agreement also provided a non-exclusive license arrangement for the same proprietary information and know-how under which the Company is guaranteed fixed minimum royalties of $15.0 million to be received over the next 3 years. The Company recognized revenue for the guaranteed fixed minimum royalties of $13.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, net of a significant financing component of $1.8 million. Any revenue above the guaranteed fixed minimum royalties is recognized in the period in which the subsequent sale or usage has occurred. The Company has recorded a receivable of $13.5 million as of December 31, 2022, of which $9.1 million is recorded in accounts receivable, net of current portion and $4.4 million is recorded in accounts receivable, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Interest income related to the significant financing component was $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, and is included in interest income and other, net in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

Grant revenue represents funding under cost reimbursement programs or fixed rate arrangements from government agencies and non-profit foundations for qualified research and development activities performed by the Company. The Company recognizes grant revenue when it is reasonably assured that the grant funding will be received as evidenced through the existence of a grant arrangement, amounts eligible for reimbursement are determinable and have been incurred, the applicable conditions under the grant arrangements have been met, and collectability of amounts due is reasonably assured. The classification of costs incurred related to grants is based on the nature of the activities performed by the Company. Grant revenue is recognized when the related costs are incurred and recorded in other revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

On December 31, 2021, the Company entered into a multi-year arrangement with Illumina Cambridge, Ltd. (“Illumina Agreement”) to jointly develop and commercialize co-branded kits that will combine Illumina’s Next Generation Sequencing (“NGS”) technology with SomaLogic’s SomaScan technology. Pursuant to the agreement, we received a non-refundable upfront payment of $30.0 million on January 4, 2022. This arrangement is accounted for in accordance with ASC 606. The Company concluded there are two performance obligations: (1) SOMAmer reagents necessary to develop and commercialize NGS based proteomic products, inclusive of the rights to licenses, patents and training to allow for the use of such reagents and (2) an option to purchase goods post-commercialization with a material right (“Material Right”). The total transaction price is subject to a constraint since it is uncertain that commercialization will be achieved; and therefore the transaction price was determined to be $30.0 million and was allocated to each of the performance obligations identified on a relative standalone selling price basis. Revenue from the performance obligations is recognized as follows in product revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:

As a result, the Company determined that there were three new performance obligations (total of five performance obligations): (1) equipment bundle that includes customization services, integration services, system qualification services, site initiation services and training (“Equipment Bundle”), (2) qualification kits, and (3) support services. The contract modification resulted in an increase in the transaction price of $0.5 million. The updated transaction price was allocated between the performance obligations on a relative SSP basis. The Company estimated the SSP based on observable pricing of similar performance obligations. Revenue from the performance obligations is recognized as follows in product revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss:

Cost of assay services revenue consists of raw materials and production costs, salaries and other personnel costs, overhead and other direct costs related to assay services revenue. It also includes costs for production variances, such as yield losses, material usages, spending and capacity variances. Cost of assay services revenue is recognized in the period the related revenue is recognized.

Cost of product revenue consists primarily of raw materials, equipment and production costs, salaries and other personnel costs, overhead and other direct costs related to product revenue. Shipping and handling costs incurred for product shipments are included in cost of product revenue in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Cost of product revenue is recognized in the period the related revenue is recognized.

We use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their respective financial reporting amounts, based on enacted tax laws and statutory tax rates applicable to the periods in which these temporary differences are expected to reverse. The Company evaluates the need to establish or release a valuation allowance based upon expected levels of taxable income, future reversals of existing temporary differences, tax planning strategies, and recent financial operations. Valuation allowances are established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be more likely than not realized in the future.

The Company incurs stock-based compensation expense related to its equity awards granted under its stock-based compensation plans. These awards include stock options and restricted stock units. The fair value of stock option awards is estimated using a Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of restricted stock units is the closing market price per share of the Company’s stock on the grant date. The Company recognizes compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

•Expected volatility — Volatility is a measure of the amount by which a financial variable, such as share price, has fluctuated (historical volatility) or is expected to fluctuate (expected volatility) during a period. The Company analyzes the volatility used by similar public companies at a similar stage of development to estimate expected volatility. The comparable companies are chosen based on their similar size, stage in the life cycle or area of specialty.

•Expected average life of options — The expected life assumption is the expected time to exercise. The Company uses a simplified method to develop this assumption, which uses the average of the vesting period and the contractual terms, as the Company has limited historical information to develop reasonable expectations about future exercise patterns.

Prior to the SPAC Merger, the grant date fair value of the shares of common stock underlying stock options was determined by the Company’s Board of Directors with assistance of third-party valuation specialists. Because there was no public market for the Company’s common stock, the Board of Directors exercised reasonable judgment and considered a number of objective and subjective factors, combined with management’s judgments, to determine the best estimate of the fair value, which include financial condition and actual operating results; the progress of the Company’s research and development efforts; its stage of development; business strategy; the rights, preferences and privileges of the Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock relative to those of the Company’s common stock; the prices at which the Company sold shares of its redeemable convertible preferred stock; equity market conditions of comparable public companies; general U.S. market conditions; and the lack of marketability of our common stock.

Comprehensive loss is comprised of net loss and other comprehensive loss. Other comprehensive loss refers to gains and losses that are recorded as an element of stockholders’ equity but excluded from net loss. Our other comprehensive loss consists of foreign currency translation adjustments and net unrealized gain or losses on investments in available-for-sale securities.

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing net loss by the weighted average number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is similarly computed, except that the denominator includes the effect of contingently issuable shares, warrants, and stock options, using the treasury stock method, if including such potential shares of common stock is dilutive.

The Company has one operating segment. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) role is performed by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The CODM manages the Company’s operations on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and assessing performance. Substantially all of the Company’s operations and decision-making functions are located in the United States.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended (the “JOBS Act”). The JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of an extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period and, as a result, we will not be required to adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies so long as we remain an emerging growth company.

Goodwill Impairment. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, to simplify the goodwill impairment test. ASU 2017-04 removes the requirement to determine the fair value of individual assets and liabilities in order to calculate a reporting unit’s “implied” goodwill. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. We adopted ASU 2017-04 upon completing the Palamedrix Acquisition in August 2022, which is when the Company recognizing goodwill for the first time.

Leases. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to recognize assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by most leases on their balance sheet. In June 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-05, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates for Certain Entities, which extended the effective date of ASU 2016-02 for non-public business entities.

The new lease standard impacted our consolidated balance sheets as a result of the ROU assets and operating lease liabilities, but did not impact our consolidated statements of operations or consolidated statements of cash flows. The adoption did not require any cumulative-effect adjustments to opening accumulated deficit. We currently have no finance leases. Upon adoption, we recorded $4.1 million of ROU assets, $1.0 million of current operating lease liabilities, and $3.6 million of non-current operating lease liabilities.

Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which removes certain exceptions to the general principles of ASC 740 as part of an overall simplification initiative. We adopted ASU 2019-12 prospectively when it became effective on January 1, 2022 and the adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.