10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(MARK ONE)

x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

or

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Commission file number: 001-40296

NUVVE HOLDING CORP.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware			86-1617000
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
2468 Historic Decatur Road,	San Diego,	California	92106
(Address of principal executive offices)			(Zip Code)
	(619)	456-5161
(Registrant’s telephone number), including area code
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share	NVVE	The Nasdaq Stock Market
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock	NVVEW	The Nasdaq Stock Market

Check whether the issuer (1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

xYes   o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

x Yes   o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	o	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	x	Smaller reporting company	x
		Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

o Yes   x No

As of August 4, 2022, 22,363,540 shares of the issuer’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, were issued and outstanding.

NUVVE HOLDING CORP.

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED June 30, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION			1
	Item 1.	Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited).	1
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	33
	Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	43
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	43
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION			44
	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	44
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	44
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	45
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	45
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	45
	Item 5.	Other Information.	45
	Item 6.	Exhibits.	45

i

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about us, our future performance, our financial condition, our products, our business strategy, our beliefs and our management’s assumptions. In addition, we, or others on our behalf, may make forward-looking statements in press releases or written statements, or in our communications and discussions with investors and analysts in the normal course of business through meetings, webcasts, phone calls and conference calls. These forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words like “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “expects,” “plans,” “believes,” “intends,” “will,” “could,” “may,” “assumes” and other words of similar meaning. These statements are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions, estimates and observations of future events based on information available to our management at the time the statements are made and include any statements that do not relate to any historical or current fact. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and they involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Actual outcomes and results may differ materially from what is expressed, implied or forecast by our forward-looking statements due in part to the risks, uncertainties and assumptions described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report and other factors described from time to time in our filings with the SEC.

Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements include, (i) risks related to the rollout of Nuvve's business and the timing of expected business milestones; (ii) Nuvve's dependence on widespread acceptance and adoption of electric vehicles and increased installation of charging stations; (iii) Nuvve's ability to maintain effective internal controls over financial reporting, including the remediation of identified material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting relating to segregation of duties with respect to, and access controls to, its financial record keeping system, and Nuvve's accounting staffing levels; (iv) Nuvve's current dependence on sales of charging stations for most of its revenues; (v) overall demand for electric vehicle charging and the potential for reduced demand if governmental rebates, tax credits and other financial incentives are reduced, modified or eliminated or governmental mandates to increase the use of electric vehicles or decrease the use of vehicles powered by fossil fuels, either directly or indirectly through mandated limits on carbon emissions, are reduced, modified or eliminated; (vi) potential adverse effects on Nuvve's backlog, revenue and gross margins if customers increasingly claim clean energy credits and, as a result, they are no longer available to be claimed by Nuvve; (vii) the effects of competition on Nuvve's future business; (viii) risks related to Nuvve's dependence on its intellectual property and the risk that Nuvve's technology could have undetected defects or errors; (ix) the risk that we conduct a portion of our operations through a joint venture exposes us to risks and uncertainties, many of which are outside of our control; (x) that our joint venture with Levo Mobility LLC may fail to generate the expected financial results, and the return may be insufficient to justify our investment of effort and/or funds; (xi) changes in applicable laws or regulations; (xii) the COVID-19 pandemic and its effect directly on Nuvve and the economy generally; (xiii) risks related to disruption of management time from ongoing business operations due to our joint ventures; (xiv) risks relating to privacy and data protection laws, privacy or data breaches, or the loss of data; (xv) the possibility that Nuvve may be adversely affected by other economic, business, and/or competitive factors; and (xvi) risks related to the benefits expected from the $1.2 trillion dollar infrastructure bill passed by the U.S. House of Representatives (H.R. 3684), as well as other risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and other factors described from time to time in our filings with the SEC.

Given these risks and uncertainties, you should not rely on forward-looking statements as a prediction of actual results. Any or all of the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and any other public statement made by us, including by our management, may turn out to be incorrect. We are including this cautionary note to make applicable and take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 for forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changes in assumptions or otherwise, except as required under federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the SEC.

ii

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.    Interim Financial Statements.

NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets
Cash	$	14,890,242	$	32,360,520
Restricted cash	480,000		380,000
Accounts receivable	1,958,656		1,886,708
Inventories	10,796,032		11,118,188
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,384,575		1,036,645
Total Current Assets	30,509,505		46,782,061
Property and equipment, net	600,546		356,194
Intangible assets, net	1,411,358		1,481,077
Investments	1,670,951		670,951
Right-of-use operating assets	5,195,474		3,483,042
Deferred financing costs	—		43,562,847
Financing receivables	238,624		138,161
Security deposit, long-term	3,057		3,057
Total Assets	$	39,629,515	$	96,477,390
Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	3,327,366	$	5,738,873
Accrued expenses	2,392,820		2,874,018
Deferred revenue	781,922		719,771
Operating lease liabilities - current	455,064		41,513
Other liabilities	111,387		110,574
Total Current Liabilities	7,068,559		9,484,749
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,053,219		3,441,642
Warrants liability	182,000		866,000
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	491,012		511,948
Other long-term liabilities	15,120		18,860
Total Liabilities	12,809,910		14,323,199
Commitments and Contingencies
Mezzanine equity
Redeemable non-controlling interests, preferred shares, zero par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 3,138 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; aggregate liquidation preference of $3,330,071 at June 30, 2022	3,208,360		2,885,427
Class D Incentive units, zero par value, 1,000,000 units authorized, 250,000 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022	140,850		—
Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	—		—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 19,709,763 and 18,861,130 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	1,986		1,888
Additional paid-in capital	134,261,487		127,138,504
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	73,448		113,446
Accumulated deficit	(107,629,843)		(47,412,470)
Nuvve Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	26,707,078		79,841,368
Non-controlling interests	(3,236,683)		(572,604)
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	23,470,395		79,268,764
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine equity and Stockholders’ Equity	$	39,629,515	$	96,477,390

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

1

NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue
Products and services	$	1,068,029	$	766,516	$	3,321,813	$	1,078,419
Grants	233,698		214,814		350,947		701,943
Total revenue	1,301,727		981,330		3,672,760		1,780,362
Operating expenses
Cost of product and service revenue	1,034,596		362,658		3,176,908		489,886
Selling, general, and administrative	8,136,522		5,269,791		15,762,072		9,752,531
Research and development	2,170,139		1,689,245		4,305,714		2,952,195
Total operating expenses	11,341,257		7,321,694		23,244,694		13,194,612
Operating loss	(10,039,530)		(6,340,364)		(19,571,934)		(11,414,250)
Other income (expense)
Interest income (expense)	6,945		1,984		8,403		(595,565)
Write-off of deferred financing costs	(43,562,847)		—		(43,562,847)		—
Change in fair value of warrants liability	251,000		(351,602)		684,000		70,228
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(32,536)		—		20,936		—
Other, net	22,020		503,676		(7,767)		391,561
Total other (expense) income, net	(43,315,418)		154,058		(42,857,275)		(133,776)
Loss before taxes	(53,354,948)		(6,186,306)		(62,429,209)		(11,548,026)
Income tax (benefit) expense	—		1,000		—		1,000
Net loss	$	(53,354,948)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(62,429,209)	$	(11,549,026)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,110,903)		—		(2,211,837)		—
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	$	(51,244,045)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(60,217,372)	$	(11,549,026)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	65,296		—		129,311		—
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	161,466		—		322,932		—
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders	$	(51,470,807)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(60,669,615)	$	(11,549,026)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(2.70)	$	(0.33)	$	(3.20)	$	(0.79)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	19,064,854		18,668,009		18,965,167		14,560,862

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

2

NUVVE HOLDING CORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net loss	$	(53,354,948)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(62,429,209)	$	(11,549,026)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	(26,314)		(20,146)		(39,998)		96,603
Total Comprehensive loss	$	(53,381,262)	$	(6,207,452)	$	(62,469,207)	$	(11,452,423)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,110,903)		—		(2,211,837)		—
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	$	(51,270,359)	$	(6,207,452)	$	(60,257,370)	$	(11,452,423)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	(65,296)		—		(129,311)		—
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(161,466)		—		(322,932)		—
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders	$	(51,043,597)	$	(6,207,452)	$	(59,805,127)	$	(11,452,423)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

(Unaudited)

	Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Non-controlling Interests		Total
	Shares	Amount
Balances December 31, 2021	18,861,130	$	1,888	$	127,138,504	$	113,446	$	(47,412,470)	$	(572,604)	79,268,764
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock	30,370	3		—		—		—		—		3
Stock-based compensation	—	—		1,455,641		—		—		—		1,455,641
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(13,684)		—		—		(13,684)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(64,015)		(64,015)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	—	—		—		—		—		(161,466)		(161,466)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(8,973,328)		(100,933)		(9,074,261)
Balances March 31, 2022	18,891,500	1,891		128,594,145		99,762		(56,385,798)		(899,018)		71,410,982
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock options	360,018	50		173,575		—		—		—		173,625
Stock-based compensation	—	—		1,640,055		—		—		—		1,640,055
Proceeds from forward option put exercise	134,499	13		1,994,059		—		—		—		1,994,072
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs	323,746	32		1,859,653		—		—		—		1,859,685
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		(26,314)		—		—		(26,314)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	—	—		—		—		—		(65,296)		(65,296)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	—	—		—		—		—		(161,466)		(161,466)
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(51,244,045)		(2,110,903)		(53,354,948)
Balances June 30, 2022	19,709,763	$	1,986	$	134,261,487	$	73,448	$	(107,629,843)	$	(3,236,683)	$	23,470,395

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT) (continued)

(Unaudited)

	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Accumulated Deficit		Total
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances December 31, 2020, as previously reported	16,789,088	$	1,679	26,162,122	$	2,616	$	19,650,659	$	(77,841)	$	(20,457,823)	$	(880,710)
Conversion of shares due to merger capitalization	(16,789,088)	(1,679)		(17,039,126)	(1,704)		3,383		—		—		—
Balances December 31, 2020, as previously reported	—	—		9,122,996	912		19,654,042		(77,841)		(20,457,823)		(880,710)
Beneficial conversion feature - convertible debenture	—	—		—	—		427,796		—		—		427,796
Conversion of convertible debenture	—	—		544,178	54		3,999,381		—		—		3,999,435
Repurchase of common stock from EDF	—	—		(600,000)	(60)		(5,999,940)		—		—		(6,000,000)
Assumption of private warrant liability from Newborn	—	—		—	—		(1,253,228)		—		—		(1,253,228)
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption of $18,629 and issuance costs of $5,979,675	—	—		8,060,418	806		51,750,557		—		—		51,751,363
Placement agent fee paid in common stock	—	—		208,532	21		2,085,299		—		—		2,085,320
PIPE offering, less issuance costs of $2,500	—	—		1,425,000	143		14,247,357		—		—		14,247,500
Notice of exercise of put option	—	—		—	—		(2,000,000)		—		—		(2,000,000)
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		262,105		—		—		262,105
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—		116,749		—		116,749
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(5,361,720)		(5,361,720)
Balances March 31, 2021	—	—		18,761,124	1,876		83,173,369		38,908		(25,819,543)		57,394,610
Additional merger recapitalization costs	—	—		—	—		(265,736)		—		—		(265,736)
Buyback of shares related to exercise of put option	—	—		(134,500)	(13)		13		—		—		—
Issuance of common shares	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of warranties to Stonepeak and Evolve	—	—		—	—		30,234,000		—		—		30,234,000
Issuance of options to purchase shares of common stock to Stonepeak and Evolve	—	—		—	—		12,584,000		—		—		12,584,000
Stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		1,090,603		—		—		1,090,603
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—	—		—		(20,146)		—		(20,146)
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(6,187,306)		(6,187,306)
Balances June 30, 2021	—	$	—	18,626,624	$	1,863	$	126,816,249	$	18,762	$	(32,006,849)	$	94,830,025

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(62,429,209)	$	(11,549,026)
Adjustments to reconcile to net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	137,755		81,874
Share-based compensation	3,357,859		1,352,708
Write-off of deferred financing costs	43,562,847		—
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible debenture	—		427,796
Accretion of discount on convertible debenture	—		116,147
Change in fair value of warrants liability	(684,000)		(70,228)
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(20,936)		—
Loss on disposal of asset	—		1,381
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan	—		(492,100)
Noncash lease expense	283,251		(1,003)
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	(74,278)		(139,140)
Inventory	322,156		(3,164,653)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,462,221)		(2,209,159)
Accounts payable	(2,409,448)		330,890
Accrued expenses	(684,517)		1,595,165
Deferred revenue	79,576		305,922
Net cash used in operating activities	(20,021,165)		(13,413,426)
Investing activities
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment	—		7,969
Purchase of property and equipment	(317,225)		—
Investments	(1,000,000)		—
Net cash (used) provided in investing activities	(1,317,225)		7,969
Financing activities
Proceeds from Newborn Escrow Account	—		58,184,461
Redemption of Newborn shares	—		(18,629)
Issuance costs related to reverse recapitalization and PIPE offering	—		(3,970,657)
Proceeds from PIPE offering	—		14,250,000
Repayment of Newborn sponsor loans	—		(487,500)
Repurchase of common stock from EDF	—		(6,000,000)
Newborn cash acquired	—		50,206
Purchase of stock from investor	—		(2,000,000)
Payment of financing costs	—		(531,527)
Proceeds from forward option put exercise	1,994,073		—
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs	1,859,685		—
Payment of finance lease Obligations	(4,425)		(1,989)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	173,575		—
Net cash (used) provided in financing activities	4,022,908		59,474,365
Effect of exchange rate on cash	(54,796)		98,193
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash	(17,370,278)		46,167,101
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of year	32,740,520		2,275,895
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$	15,370,242	$	48,442,996
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (continued)
(Unaudited)
	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Financing Activity
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock	$	—	$	1,679
Conversion of debenture and accrued interest to common shares	$	—	$	3,999,435
Conversion of shares due to reverse recapitalization	$	—	$	3,383
Issuance of common stock for merger success fee	$	—	$	2,085,299
Non-cash merger transaction costs	$	—	$	2,085,299
Accrued transaction costs related to reverse recapitalization	$	—	$	189,434
Issuance of private warrants	$	—	$	1,253,228
Forgiveness of PPP Loan	$	—	$	492,100
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	$	—	$	27,640,000
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve options	$	—	$	12,584,000
Transfer of Inventory to property and equipment	$	87,095	$	—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

7

NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Organization and Description of Business

Description of Business

Nuvve Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (the “Company” or “Nuvve”), was founded on November 10, 2020 under the laws of the state of Delaware. On March 19, 2021, the Company (at the time known as NB Merger Corp.) acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corporation (“Nuvve Corp.”), and the Company changed its name to Nuvve Holding Corp.

Structure of the Company

Nuvve has two wholly owned subsidiaries, Nuvve Corp. and Nuvve Co (Nuvve Japan). Nuvve Corp. has three wholly owned subsidiaries: (1) Nuvve Denmark ApS, (“Nuvve Denmark”), a company registered in Denmark, (2) Nuvve SaS, a company registered in France, and (3) Nuvve LTD, a company registered in United Kingdom. In March 2020, following the establishment of its investment in Dreev S.A.S. ('Dreev") in 2019 (Note 6), the Company ceased operations of its subsidiary, Nuvve SaS in France. The two employees of Nuvve SaS resigned from the Company in March 2020 and were concurrently hired by Dreev. Financial results for Nuvve SaS are included in the Company’s financial results through the cessation of operations.

On August 4, 2021, the Company formed Levo Mobility LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Levo"), with Stonepeak Rocket Holdings LP, a Delaware limited partnership ("Stonepeak"), and Evolve Transition Infrastructure LP, a Delaware limited partnership ("Evolve"). Levo is a consolidated entity of the Company. Please see Note 2 for the principles of consolidation.

Levo is a sustainable infrastructure company focused on rapidly advancing the electrification of transportation by funding V2G-enabled EV fleet deployments as of June 30, 2022. Levo utilizes Nuvve’s V2G technology and committed capital from Stonepeak and Evolve to offer Fleet-as-a-Service for school buses, last-mile delivery, ride hailing and ride sharing, municipal services, and more to eliminate the primary barriers to EV fleet adoption including large upfront capital investments and lack of expertise in securing and managing EVs and associated charging infrastructure.

Levo's turnkey solution simplifies and streamlines electrification, can lower the total cost of EV operation for fleet owners, and supports the grid when the EVs are not in use. For a fixed monthly payment with no upfront cost, Levo will provide the EVs, such as electric school buses, charging infrastructure powered by Nuvve’s V2G platform, EV and charging station maintenance, energy management, and technical advice.

Levo initially focuses on electrifying school buses, providing associated charging infrastructure, and delivering V2G services to enable safer and healthier transportation for children while supporting carbon dioxide emission reduction, renewable energy integration, and improved grid resiliency.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”).

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, there were no significant updates made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited (i) condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (ii) the unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Therefore, it is suggested that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes in the 2021 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the full year 2022 or any future period.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and has an accumulated deficit of $107.6 million as of June 30, 2022. Nuvve incurred net losses of approximately $62.4 million as of the six months ended June 30, 2022, and $27.2 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve had a cash balance, working capital, and stockholders’ equity of $14.9 million, $23.4 million and $23.5 million, respectively. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and may need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company's Grid Integrated Vehicle ("GIVe") platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure.

On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement in which the Company from time to time during the term of the sales agreement, offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. Shares of common stock sold under the sales agreement are offered and sold pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold 323,746 shares of common stock pursuant to the sales agreement at an average price of $6.12 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million. Additionally, during the month of July 2022, the Company sold 469,136 shares of common stock pursuant to the sales agreement at an average price of $4.17 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million.

In July 2022, the Company had a direct equity offering of its common stock. See Note 19 for details. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $14.0 million and net proceeds were $13.1 million.

The Company expects its cash and cash equivalents as of August 11, 2022 will be sufficient to fund current planned operations for at least the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Management's expectations with respect to its ability to fund current planned operations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could be different from management's estimates and should actual results be less favorable than these estimates management would ultimately need to take corrective steps to improve future operating results and its financial condition.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities

Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company formed Levo with Stonepeak and Evolve, in which the Company owns 51% of Levo's common units. The Company has determined that Levo is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Levo and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by Stonepeak and Evolve.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and "Non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The Company began consolidating the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Levo during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

The creditors of the consolidated VIE do not have recourse to the Company other than to the assets of the consolidated VIEs. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of Levo assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022:

	June 30, 2022
Assets
Cash	$	28,068
Deferred financing costs	—
Total Assets	$	28,068
Liabilities and Mezzanine Equity
Accrued expenses	$	212,071
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	491,012
Total Liabilities	$	703,083

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest - Mezzanine Equity

Redeemable non-controlling interest represents the shares of the preferred stock issued by Levo to Stonepeak and Evolve (the "preferred shareholders") who own 49% of Levo common units. The preferred stock is not mandatorily redeemable or currently redeemable, but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo, the preferred shareholders or a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. As a result of the contingent put right available to the preferred shareholders, the redeemable non-controlling interests in Levo are classified outside of permanent equity in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity. The initial carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the initial proceeds received on issuance date, reduced by the fair value of embedded derivatives resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value. The adjusted initial carrying value is further adjusted for the accretion of the difference with the redemption price value using the effective interest method. The accretion amount is a deemed dividend recorded against retained earnings or, in its absence, to additional-paid-in-capital. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is measured at the higher of the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period for income (or loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest, or the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period by the accretion amount. See Note 18 for details.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay complying with new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

COVID-19

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) which was declared a pandemic in March 2020, and the related restrictive measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, and shutdowns, has negatively impacted the global economy. As national and local governments in different countries ease COVID-19 restrictions, and vaccines are distributed and rolled out successfully, we continue to see improved economic trends. However, COVID-19 and actions taken to mitigate its spread have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which the Company operates. The Company continues to monitor the situation closely but, at this time, is unable to predict the cumulative impact, both in terms of severity and duration, that the coronavirus pandemic has and will have on its business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition, and it could be material if the current circumstances continue to exist for a prolonged period of time. In addition to any direct impact on Nuvve’s business, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made by management in preparing Nuvve’s financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of the on-going COVID-19 conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, the fair value of notes payable conversion options, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Concentrations of Credit Risk

At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables.

The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 three and two customers accounted for 54.9% and 58.8% of revenue, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 two and three customers in aggregate accounted for 48.6% and 56.4% of revenue, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 71.8% and 70.1%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 68.3% and 71.0%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue.

At June 30, 2022, two customers in aggregate accounted for 37.1% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2021, two customers in aggregate accounted for 32.2% of accounts receivable.

Approximately 58.5% and 56.0% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all probable bad debt losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Revenue Recognition

Bill-and-hold arrangements - The Company occasionally enter a bill and hold arrangements in which some customers request that billed products that are ready for delivery be held at our warehouse facility for them until shipment at a later date. In this instance, revenue is recognized when; 1) the risks of ownership, including title, have passed to the customer, 2) the product must be identified separately as belonging to the customer, 3) the product currently must be ready for physical transfer to the customer, and 4) the Company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs consist of direct and incremental costs incurred and fees paid for a commitment to obtain financing. As the commitment amount is funded, the carrying amount of the deferred financing costs is reduced and the amount is charged to additional-paid-in-capital. The deferred financing cost will be impaired if it becomes probable that funding of the commitment amount will not occur.

The Company recorded an impairment charge of $43.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The impairment charge was driven by a write-off of deferred financing costs associated with the carrying value of warrants and stock options granted to Stonepeak and Evolve in May 2021 in return for their capital commitment to fund up to $750 million in V2Genabled EV fleet deployments of school buses through Levo. The Company impaired the deferred financing costs during the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily because it has not entered into fleet as a service customer contracts requiring preferred capital commitments from Stonepeak and Levo in excess of $43.6 million within one year of the deferred financing costs being capitalized. The impairment charge is non-cash and does not impact the existing capital commitment we have from Stonepeak and Evolve or the pursuit of customer deployments funded by this capital commitment. Note 19 of the Company's 2021 Form 10-K further describes the terms of the capital commitment with Stonepeak and Evolve.

Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

Investments in equity securities of nonpublic entities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company reviews its equity securities without readily determinable fair values on a regular basis to determine if the investment is impaired. For purposes of this assessment, the Company considers the investee’s cash position, earnings and revenue outlook, liquidity, and management ownership, among other factors, in its review. If management’s assessment indicates that an impairment exists, the Company estimates the fair value of the equity investment and recognizes in current earnings an impairment loss that is equal to the difference between the fair value of the equity investment and its carrying amount.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

In June 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch EV Ltd ("Switch"), a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom for a future equity ownership. Since Switch is a nonpublic entity, there is no readily determinable fair value. As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s investment in Switch was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on its investment during the quarter ended June 30, 2022.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

None.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced its estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 3 – Revenue Recognition

The disclosures below discuss the Company’s material revenue contracts.

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service lines for the three and six months ended June 30:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue recognized over time:
Services	$	73,522	$	363,366	$	268,172	$	530,611
Grants	233,698		214,814		350,947		701,943
Products	994,507		403,150		3,053,641		547,808
Total revenue	$	1,301,727	$	981,330	$	3,672,760	$	1,780,362

The aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts and grants with customers as of June 30, 2022 expected to be recognized in the future, and classified as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated Balance Sheet, for years ended December 31, is as follows (this disclosure does not include revenue related to contracts whose original expected duration is one year or less):

2022 (remaining six months)	$	138,399
Thereafter	643,523
Total	$	781,922

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment. The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:
United States	$	1,125,586	$	812,796	$	3,353,976	$	1,404,627
United Kingdom	99,995		113,703		137,385		254,989
Denmark	76,146		54,831		181,399		120,746
	$	1,301,727	$	981,330	$	3,672,760	$	1,780,362

The following table summarizes the Company’s long-lived assets in different geographic locations as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	1,915,685	$	1,811,607
Denmark	20,827		25,664
	$	1,936,512	$	1,837,271

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 4 – Fair Value Measurements

The following are the liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2022 using quoted price in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at June 30, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	182,000	$	182,000	$	251,000	$	684,000
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	—		—		491,012		491,012		(32,536)		20,936
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	673,012	$	673,012	$	218,464	$	704,936

The following is a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances for the liabilities related to the private warrants (Note 11) and derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Private Warrants		Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	866,000	$	511,948
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(433,000)		(53,472)
Balance at March 31, 2022	433,000		458,476
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(251,000)		32,536
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	182,000	$	491,012

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at June 30, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 3.72 years, risk free rate of 3.0%, no dividends, volatility of 67.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at June 30, 2022 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 2.09 years years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 3.0%, no dividends, volatility of 57.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in 2022 and 2021.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are generally carried on the cost basis, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

Note 5 - Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. Separation of the redemption features as a derivative liability is required because its economic characteristics and risks are considered more akin to a debt instrument, and therefore, not considered to be clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the redeemable preferred stock. The economic characteristics of the redemption features are considered more akin to an debt instrument because the minimum redemption value could be greater than the face amount, the redemption features are contingently exercisable, and the shares carry a fixed mandatory dividend.

Accordingly, the Company has recorded an embedded derivative liability representing the estimated fair value of the right of the holders to exercise their redemption option upon the occurrence of a redemption event. The embedded derivative liability is adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end with changes in fair value recorded in the “Change in fair value of derivative liability” financial statement line item of the company’s consolidated statements of operations. For additional information on the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock, see Note 18.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table display the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	491,012	$	511,948

Note 6 – Investments

The Company accounts for its 13% equity ownership in Dreev as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company has a consulting services agreement with Dreev related to software development and operations. The consulting services were zero for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The consulting services are being provided to Dreev at the Company’s cost and is recognized, net of consulting costs, as other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In accordance with an advanced subscription agreement dated June 6, 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch, a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom for a future equity ownership expected be more or less than 5% subject to final valuations. Switch will automatically award the Company the equity ownership with conversion shares in equity upon its completion of either a financing round, company sale or IPO, or dissolution event. The Company is expected to account for the investment as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company and Switch intends to collaborate in the future to integrate technologies for the advancement of V2G.

Note 7 – Account Receivables, Net

The following tables summarizes the Company's accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Trade receivables		$	2,021,844	$	1,949,896
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(63,188)		(63,188)
	Accounts receivable, net	$	1,958,656	$	1,886,708
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
	Balance December 31, 2021	$	(63,188)
	Provision	—
	Write-off	—
	Recoveries	—
	Balance June 30, 2022	$	(63,188)

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 8 – Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
DC Chargers	$	8,852,624	$	7,687,598
AC Chargers	214,486		232,920
Vehicles - School Buses (1)	1,620,000		3,180,000
Others	108,922		17,670
Total	$	10,796,032	$	11,118,188

__________________

(1)As of June 30, 2022, the Company has taken delivery of ten school buses it has committed to purchase from the manufacturer within one year from the purchase order date of May 26, 2021. Five school buses were sold during first quarter ended March 31, 2022.

Note 9 – Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Computers & Servers	$	126,931	$	105,499
Vehicles	168,862		168,862
Office furniture and equipment	332,007		161,771
Others	131,607		6,050
Total	759,407		442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation	(158,861)		(85,988)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	600,546	$	356,194
	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2021
Depreciation expense	$	62,265	$	12,147

Note 10 – Intangible Assets

At both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had recorded a gross intangible asset balance of $2,091,556, which is related to patent and intangible property rights acquired. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $34,860 each for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $69,720 each for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Accumulated amortization totaled $680,200 and $610,480 at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The net amount of intangible assets of $1,411,358 at June 30, 2022, will be amortized over the weighted average remaining life of 10.4 years.

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2022 (remaining six months)	$	69,719
2023	139,437
2024	139,437
2025	139,437
2026	139,437
Thereafter	783,891
	$	1,411,358

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity

As of June 30, 2022, the Company has authorized two classes of stock, Common Stock, and Preferred Stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has authority to issue is 101,000,000, of which 100,000,000 authorized shares are Common Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and 1,000,000 authorized shares are Preferred Stock of the par value of $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). Please see Note 12, “Stockholders' Equity,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Company’s stockholders' equity. Additionally, see Note 19, “Levo Mobility LLC Entity,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Company’s Stonepeak and Evolve Warrants and Securities Purchase agreement, and Levo definitive agreements.

Shelf Registration and At the Market Offering

On April 25, 2022, the Company filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC which will allow it to issue unspecified amounts of common stock, preferred stock, warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, and units consisting of any combination of any of the foregoing securities, in one or more series, from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100.0 million. The shelf registration statement was declared effective on May 5, 2022. The Company believes that it will be able to raise capital by issuing securities pursuant to its effective shelf registration statement.

On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement, with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (the "Agent"). From time to time during the term of the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. The Agents will collect a fee equal to 3% of the gross sales price of all shares of common stock sold. Shares of common stock sold under the Sales Agreement are offered and sold pursuant to our shelf registration statement describe above. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold 323,746 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement at an average price of $6.12 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million.

Warrants - Stonepeak and Evolve

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of a letter of agreement, relating to the formation of Levo (the "Letter Agreement"), the Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve a ten years warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the warrants issued to Stonepeak and Evolve were; series B $12.8 million, series C $5.6 million, series D $4.8 million, series E $3.8 million and series F $3.2 million. The fair values of the warrants are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in additional-paid-in capital in stockholders' equity as the warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the conditions for equity classification, and deferred financing costs. The carrying amount of the deferred financing costs is reduced as the commitment amount is funded, and the reduction amount is charged to additional-paid-in capital. As of June 30, 2022, the commitment funded of $3.2 million has reduced the deferred financing costs, and charged to additional-paid-in capital. Additionally, as of June 30, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the carrying value on the balance sheet of $31.0 million. See Note 2 for details.

In connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, the Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve the following ten years warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve):

•Series B warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, which are fully vested upon issuance,

•Series C warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $15.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $125 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

•Series D warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $20.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $250 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

•Series E warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $30.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $375 million in aggregate capital expenditures, and

•Series F warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $40.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $500 million in aggregate capital expenditures.

The warrants may be exercised at any time on or after the date that is 180 days after the applicable vesting date.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Warrants - Public and Private

In connection with its initial public offering on February 19, 2020, Newborn sold 5,750,000 units, which included one warrant to purchase Newborn’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”). Also, on February 19, 2020, NeoGenesis Holding Co., Ltd., Newborn’s sponsor (“the Sponsor”), purchased an aggregate of 272,500 private units, each of which included one warrant (the “Private Warrants”), which have the same terms as the Public Warrants. Upon completion of the merger between Nuvve and Newborn, the Public Warrants and Private Warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company.

The terms of the Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants as described above, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase 1,425,000 of Newborn’s common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 (the "PIPE"). Upon closing of the PIPE immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination, the PIPE investors also received 1.9 PIPE Warrants to purchase the Company’s Common Stock for each share of Common Stock purchased. The PIPE Warrants are each exercisable for one-half of a common share at $11.50 per share and have the same terms as described above for the Public Warrants. The PIPE investors received demand and piggyback registration rights in connection with the securities issued to them.

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at June 30, 2022 (there were no warrants outstanding at December 31, 2021):

	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price	Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	136,250	$11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B	2,000,000	2,000,000	$10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C	1,000,000	500,000	$15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D	1,000,000	500,000	$20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E	1,000,000	500,000	$30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F	1,000,000	500,000	$40.00	May 17, 2031
	10,365,000	8,365,000

Because the Private Warrants have dissimilar terms with respect to the Company’s redemption rights depending on the holder of the Private Warrants, the Company determined that the Private Warrants are required to be carried as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Private Warrants are reflected as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 in the amount of $182,000 and the change in the fair value of the Private Warrants for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 of is reflected as a gain of $251,000 and $684,000, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Unit Purchase Option

On February 19, 2020, Newborn sold to the underwriters of its initial public offering for $100, a unit purchase option ("UPO") to purchase up to a total of 316,250 units at $11.50 per unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $3,636,875) commencing on the date of Newborn's initial business combination, March 19, 2021, and expiring February 13, 2025. Each unit issuable upon exercise of the UPO consists of one and one-tenth of a share of the Company's common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company's common stock at the exercise price of $11.50 per share. The warrant has the same terms as the Public Warrant. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the exercise of the UPO or the warrants underlying the UPO. The holders of the unit purchase option have demand and "piggy back" registration rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the IPO, including securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the unit purchase option. The UPO is classified within stockholders’ equity as “additional paid-in capital” in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as the UPO is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Securities Purchase Agreement

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Stonepeak and Evolve which provide them from time to time between November 13, 2021 and November 17, 2028, in their sole discretion, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $50.00 per share (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the Securities Purchase Agreement to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock was $12.6 million, and is recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as equity in additional-paid-in capital as it is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification, and deferred financing costs. The carrying amount of the deferred financing costs is reduced as the commitment amount is funded, and the amount is charged to additional-paid-in capital. As of June 30, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the carrying value on the balance sheet of $12.6 million. See Note 2 for details.

In connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, as reference above, the Company also entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “RRA”) with Stonepeak and Evolve.

•Under the SPA, from time to time between November 13, 2021 and November 17, 2028, Stonepeak and Evolve may elect, in their sole discretion, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $50.00 per share (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). The SPA includes customary representations and warranties and closing conditions and customary indemnification provisions. In addition, Stonepeak and Evolve may elect to purchase shares under the SPA on a cashless basis in the event of a change of control of the Company.

Note 12 – Stock Option Plan

In 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In November 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the term of the 2010 Plan to July 1, 2021. In 2021, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, incentive and non-statutory stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. As of June 30, 2022, there is an aggregate of 3,300,000 common shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. All options granted to date have a ten years contractual life and vesting terms of four years. In general, vested options expire if not exercised at termination of service. As of June 30, 2022, a total of 1,262,865 shares of common stock remained available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30 are as follows

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Options	$	548,652	$	810,738	$	1,370,758	$	1,063,008
Restricted stock	1,187,254		258,137		1,801,093		267,972
Total	$	1,735,906	$	1,068,875	$	3,171,851	$	1,330,980

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022 for the 2010 Plan and the 2020 Plan.

	2010 Plan		2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years) (1)	6.1		6.1
Dividend yield (2)	0	%	0	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	2.00	%	2.00	%
Volatility (4)	54.1	%	54.1	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(2)No cash dividends have been declared on the Company’s common stock since the Company’s inception, and the Company currently does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends over the expected life of the options.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(3)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(4)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to Reverse Recapitalization, for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,035,035	3.21	5.90	5,688,201
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	(42,729)	2.42	—	—
Forfeited	(36,065)	7.61	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(5,310)	1.37	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	950,931	3.09	5.24	2,264,735
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was zero.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,602,850	13.18	9.27	46,920
Granted	121,100	6.87	9.86	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	(128,450)	10.18	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(1,250)	8.25	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	1,594,250	12.84	8.83	—
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $3.55.

During the year ended December 31, 2021 1,640,000 options were modified to lower the exercise price by $0.60 per share, which will result in $246,000 of incremental compensation cost to be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The amount of additional compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, were $25,459 and $45,158, respectively. The amount of additional compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, were $21,728 for both periods.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Other Information:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Amount received from option exercised	$	173,575	$	—
	June 30, 2022				Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$	7,767,742			2.80

No amounts relating to the Plan have been capitalized. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the options.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	353,817	11.00
Granted	134,575	6.16
Vested/Release	(202,141)	11.15
Cancelled/Forfeited	(6,294)	9.93
Nonvested and Outstanding at June 30, 2022	279,957	8.60

As of June 30, 2022, there was $1,668,498 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 13 – Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	—		$	1,000		$	—		$	1,000
Effective tax rate	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%

The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective tax rate, based on current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur. The effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily due to operating losses that receive no tax benefit as a result of a valuation allowance recorded for such losses.

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the provisions of ASC 740, management is required to evaluate whether a valuation allowance should be established against its deferred tax assets. The Company currently has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. As of each reporting date, the Company’s management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, there was no material change from the year ended December 31, 2021 in the amount of the Company’s deferred tax assets that are not considered to be more likely than not to be realized in future years.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 14 – Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders	$	(51,470,807)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(60,669,615)	$	(11,549,026)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	19,064,854		18,668,009		18,965,167		14,560,862
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(2.70)	$	(0.33)	$	(3.20)	$	(0.79)

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Stock options issued and outstanding	2,688,173	2,505,711	2,858,756	1,792,556
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	869,945	677,543	867,793	582,148
Public warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	1,627,060
Private warrants	136,250	136,250	136,250	77,109
PIPE warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	766,133
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	6,000,000	2,901,099	6,000,000	1,450,549
Stonepeak and Evolve options	5,000,000	2,417,582	5,000,000	1,208,791
Total	18,923,118	12,866,935	19,091,549	7,504,346

Note 15 – Related Parties

As described in Note 6, the Company holds equity interests in and provides certain consulting services to Dreev, an entity in which a stockholder of the Company owns the other portion of Dreev’s equity interests.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 the Company recognized revenue of zero and $28,000, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $252,000 and $399,620, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. The Company had a balance of accounts receivable of zero at June 30, 2022 from the same entity that is an investor in the Company.

Equity Forward Purchase

Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer committed to purchase from the Company, and the Company committed to sell to them, 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer had fulfilled their obligations and had purchased from Nuvve a total of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 16 – Leases

The Company has entered into leases for commercial office spaces and vehicles. These leases are not unilaterally cancellable by the Company, are legally enforceable, and specify fixed or minimum amounts. The leases expire at various dates through 2026 and provide for renewal options. In the normal course of business, it is expected that these leases will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties.

The leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments based on defined increases in the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain minimum increases. Also, the agreements generally require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs.

On November 3, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of its Main Office Lease to include an additional 4,811 rentable square feet in the suite adjoining its main office facilities in San Diego, California. The lease term will run concurrently with the main office lease which commenced in December 2021. The lease terms include 3% annual fixed increases in the base rental payment. The lease also requires the Company to pay operating expenses such as utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs. The lease term commenced on April 15, 2022, and the Company will receive two months of rental abatement to the base rent.

Supplemental unaudited consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	June 30, 2022
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,195,474
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	20,827
Total lease assets		$	5,216,301
Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	455,064
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,053,219
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	7,022
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	15,120
Total lease liabilities		$	5,530,425

The components of lease expense are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	164,076	$	33,396	$	340,597	$	91,827
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	1,451		2,190		7,391		2,190
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense	599		510		1,238		510
Total lease expense		$	166,126	$	36,096	$	349,226	$	94,527

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
2022	$	127,621	$	3,511
2023	792,918		7,022
2024	824,712		7,022
2025	822,352		7,022
2026	847,022		—
Thereafter	4,631,866		1,755
Total lease payments	8,046,491		26,332
Less: interest	(2,538,208)		(4,190)
Total lease obligations	$	5,508,283	$	22,142

Lease term and discount rate:

	June 30, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.5
Finance lease	3.8
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%

Other Information:

	Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	80,869	$	94,818
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	1,238	$	510
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	4,425	$	1,989
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	20,827	$	29,977
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

In April 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with certain local San Diego companies to sublease the Company's portion of the 4,811 square foot expansion. The term of the sublease is six months to twelve months with fixed base rental income of $2,250 per month. The sublease has no option for renewal or extension at the end of the sublease term.

Sublease income are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	20,125	$	—	$	20,125	$	—

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 17 – Commitments and Contingencies

(a)      Legal Matters

The Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities, including product liability claims. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

(b) Research Agreement

Effective September 1, 2016, the Company is party to a research agreement with a third party, which is also a Company stockholder, whereby the third party will perform research activity as specified annually by the Company. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid a minimum of $400,000 annually in equal quarterly installments. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, $200,000 each was paid under the research agreement, respectively. In October 2021, the agreement was renewed for one year through August 2022. At June 30, 2022, $66,667 remained to be paid under the renewed agreement.

(c) In-Licensing

The Company is a party to a licensing agreement for non-exclusive rights to intellectual property which will expire at the later of the date at which the last patent underlying the intellectual property expires or 20 years from the sale of the first licensed product. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate of $700,000 in royalties upon achievement of certain milestones. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

In November 2017, the Company executed an agreement ("IP Acquisition Agreement") with the University of Delaware (Seller) whereby all right, title, and interest in the licensed intellectual property was assigned to the Company in exchange for an upfront fee of $500,000 and common shares valued at $1,491,556. The total acquisition cost of $1,991,556 was capitalized and is being amortized over the fifteen years expected life of the patents underlying the intellectual property. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:

Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000	750,000
40,000	750,000
60,000	750,000
80,000	750,000
100,000	1,000,000
200,000	1,000,000
250,000	2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

The Seller will retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license, to utilize the intellectual property solely for research and education purposes. As of June 30, 2022, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

(d) Investment

The Company is committed to possible future additional contributions to the Investment in Dreev (Note 6) in the amount of $270,000.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

(e)    Purchase Commitments

On July 20, 2021, Nuvve issued a purchase order (“PO”) to its supplier for a quantity of DC Chargers, for a total price of $13.2 million, with the delivery date specified as the week of November 15, 2021. However, the supplier subsequently notified Nuvve that it would be unable to meet the contracted delivery date as a result of supply chain issues. The parties therefore agreed to change the delivery date to on or about December 15, 2021. As of the end of June 30, 2022, Nuvve received a partial shipment of the DC Chargers, for which Nuvve paid $5.3 million. The delivered DC Chargers did not fully conform to required software and hardware specifications. As of June 30, 2022, the supplier is still in the process of bringing the delivered DC Chargers into full conformance. In April 2022, the parties agreed to address the technical issues necessary to bring the DC charges into full conformity with specifications, and to amend the mix defined in original PO for the delivery of the remaining DC Chargers still subject to the original PO.

No amendments to the original PO have been executed. To the extent Nuvve and the supplier are unable to align on mutually agreeable terms to resolve the dispute relating to the PO, Nuvve believes it has no obligation to purchase or accept delivery against the PO given that the supplier failed to timely deliver conforming DC Chargers in accordance with the stated PO terms. The supplier asserts, however, that the original PO was non-cancellable and non-refundable regardless of when in the future the chargers are delivered, and regardless of any non-conformance. Nuvve believes the supplier’s position does not have merit and Nuvve would exercise all available rights and remedies in its defense should any legal proceeding result from such dispute. The outcome of any such proceeding would be inherently uncertain, and the amount and/or timing of any liability or expense resulting from such a proceeding is not reasonably estimable at this time.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

Note 18 - Non-Controlling Interest

For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.

Levo Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock

Levo is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of series B preferred stock at no par value.

The Series B Preferred Stock (a) pays a dividend, when, as and if declared by Levo's Board of Directors, of 8.0% per annum of the stated value per share, payable quarterly in arrears, (b) has an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, and dividends are paid in cash. Levo accrues for undeclared and unpaid dividends as they are payable in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. At June 30, 2022, Levo had accrued preferred dividends of $192,071 on 3,138 issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Series B Preferred Stock is not a participating or convertible securities. Series B Preferred Stock is not currently redeemable but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo or the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. Since the redeemable preferred stock may be redeemed by the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event that is not solely within the control of Levo, but is not mandatorily redeemable; therefore, based on its characteristics, Levo has classified the Series B Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity.

At June 30, 2022, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:

Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Stated Value per Share		Initial Carrying Value		Accrued Preferred Dividends		Liquidation Preference
1,000,000	3,138	$	1,000	$	3,138,000	$	192,071	$	3,330,071

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. See Note 5 for detail disclosure of the derivative liability.

The redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity and initially recognized at fair value of $3,138,000, the proceeds on the date of issuance. This amount has been further reduced by $497,606, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability at date of issuance, resulting in an adjusted initial value of $2,640,394. Levo is accreting the difference between the adjusted carrying initial value and the redemption price value over the seven-year period from date of issuance of August 4, 2021 through July 4, 2028 (the date at which the preferred shareholders have the unconditional right to redeem the shares, deemed to be the earliest likely redemption date) using the effective interest method. The accretion to the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock is treated as a deemed dividend, recorded as a charge to retained earnings of Levo. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, Levo accreted $322,932 resulting in the carrying value of the the redeemable preferred stock of $3,208,358.

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022:

	June 30, 2022
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests as of June 30, 2022	$	(2,211,837)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests as of June 30, 2022	129,311
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022	322,932
Non-controlling interests	$	(2,664,080)

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as of June 30, 2022:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(2,110,903)	$	(2,211,837)

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Beginning balance - December 31, 2021	$	2,885,426
Preferred share Accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022	322,932
Ending balance - June 30, 2022	$	3,208,358

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

In April 2022, Levo issued Class D Incentive Units to certain key employees in the form of profits interests within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Service (“Profits Interests”). Any future distributions under the Profits Interests will only occur once distributions made to all other member units exceed a threshold amount. The Company performed an analysis of the key features of the Profits Interests to determine whether the nature of the Profits Interests are (a) an equity award which should be accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation or (b) a bonus arrangement which should be accounted for under ASC 710, Compensation – General. Based on the features of the Profits Interests, the awards are considered stock compensation to be accounted for as equity. Accordingly, compensation expense for the Profits Interests will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards.

Subject to the grantee not incurring a termination prior to the applicable vesting date, the Incentive Units will vest as follows: (i) 80% of the Incentive Units will vest in equal 25.0% installments on each of the first four (4) anniversaries of the grant date (such that 80% of the total number of Incentive Units issued to the grantee hereunder will be vested on the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date) and (ii) the remaining 20% of the Incentive Units will vest upon a Change of Control. Therefore, the expenses recorded will only reflect the 80% vesting portion.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded compensation expense under the Profits Interests of $140,850.

The Company uses the Monte Carlo Simulation model to estimate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years) (1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate (2)	3.02	%
Volatility (3)	69.50	%

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(3)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at June 30, 2022	250,000	13.28

As of June 30, 2022, there was $2,698,822 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested Class D Incentive Units. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 3.8 years.

Note 19 - Subsequent Events

Warehouse Lease

In July 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement in Westland, Michigan for 10,000 square feet of warehouse space for the purpose of having its own controlled warehouse facility for its finished inventories. The term of the lease is 36 months with a fixed rent of $5,625 per month. There is an option to renew the lease for an additional 36 months, however it is not reasonably certain the Company will exercise the renewal. There is no option to purchase the premises at lease termination.

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows under new lease as of June 30, 2022:

2022	$	39,375
2023	67,500
2024	67,500
2025	28,125
Total lease payments	$	202,500

Securities Purchase Agreement, Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants

On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with a certain institutional and accredited investor (the “Purchaser”), relating to the issuance and sale of 2,150,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,850,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”). The offering closed on July 29, 2022.

The offering price for the Shares, and accompanying Warrants, was $3.50 per Share and the offering price for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and accompanying was $3.4999 per Pre-Funded Warrant, which represents the per Share public offering price less $0.0001 per share exercise price for each Pre-Funded Warrant. Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions. The Warrants have an exercise price of $3.75 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, and each Warrant are exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The Warrants are exercisable beginning six months from the date of issuance and the Pre-Funded Warrants are be exercisable immediately upon issuance. The Pre-Funded Warrants terminate when fully exercised and the Warrants terminate five years from the initial exercisability date. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $14.0 million and net

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NUVVE HOLDING CORP. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)

proceeds were approximately $13.1 million, excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Warrants. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) was the exclusive placement agent for the Offering.

The Offering was made pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-264462), as previously filed with and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), a base prospectus included as part of the registration statement, and a final prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 28, 2022, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Placement Agency Agreement

In connection with the Offering, the Company also entered into a placement agency agreement with the Placement Agent. Pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company paid to the Placement Agent a fee equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the Offering in the form of cash.

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Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “may,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “continue,” or the negative of such terms or other similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and our actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions about us that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those described in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

References in this Quarterly Report to “we,” “us” and “our” and to “Nuvve” and the “Company” are to Nuvve Holding Corp. and its subsidiaries.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the notes thereto contained elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Overview

Nuvve is a green energy technology company that provides, directly and through business ventures with its partners, a globally-available, commercial V2G technology platform that enables EV batteries to store and resell unused energy back to the local electric grid and provide other grid services. Its proprietary V2G technology — Nuvve’s Grid Integrated Vehicle (GIVe) platform — has the potential to refuel the next generation of EV fleets through cutting-edge, bi-directional charging solutions.

Nuvve’s proprietary V2G technology enables it to link multiple EV batteries into a virtual power plant to provide bi-directional services to the electrical grid. Nuvve’s GIVe software platform was created to harness capacity from “loads” at the edge of the distribution grid (i.e., coalitions of aggregated EVs and small stationary batteries) in a qualified, controlled and secure manner to provide many of the grid services offered by conventional generation sources (i.e., coal and natural gas plants). Nuvve’s current addressable energy and capacity markets include grid services such as frequency regulation, demand charge management, demand response, energy optimization, distribution grid services and energy arbitrage.

Nuvve’s customers and partners include owner/operators of light duty fleets, heavy duty fleets (including school buses), automotive manufacturers, charge point operators, and strategic partners (via joint ventures, other business ventures and special purpose financial vehicles). Nuvve also operates a small number of company-owned charging stations serving as demonstration projects funded by government grants. Nuvve expects growth in company-owned charging stations and the related government grant funding to continue, but for such projects to constitute a declining percentage of its future business as its commercial operations expand.

Nuvve offers its customers networked charging stations, infrastructure, software, professional services, support, monitoring and parts and labor warranties required to run electric vehicle fleets, as well as low and in some cases free energy costs. Nuvve expects to generate revenue primarily from the provision of services to the grid via its GIVe software platform and sales of V2G-enabled charging stations. In the case of light duty fleet and heavy duty fleet customers, Nuvve also may receive a mobility fee, which is a recurring fixed payment made by fleet customers per fleet vehicle. In addition, Nuvve may generate non-recurring engineering services revenue derived from the integration of its technology with automotive original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and charge point operators. In the case of recurring grid services revenue generated via automotive OEM and charge point operator customer integrations, Nuvve may share the recurring grid services revenue with the customer.

On August 4, 2021, we formed Levo Mobility LLC ("Levo"), a Delaware limited liability company with Stonepeak Rocket Holdings LP ("Stonepeak"), a Delaware limited partnership and Evolve Transition Infrastructure LP ("Evolve"), a Delaware limited partnership.

Levo is a sustainable infrastructure company focused on rapidly advancing the electrification of transportation by funding vehicle-to-grid ("V2G") enabled electric vehicle ("EV") fleet deployments. Levo utilizes Nuvve’s V2G technology and committed capital from Stonepeak and Evolve to offer Fleet-as-a-Service for school buses, last-mile delivery, ride hailing and ride sharing, municipal services, and more to eliminate the primary barriers to EV fleet adoption including large upfront capital investments and lack of expertise in securing and managing EVs and associated charging infrastructure.

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Levo's turnkey solution simplifies and streamlines electrification, can lower the total cost of EV operation for fleet owners, and support the grid when the EVs are not in use. For a fixed monthly payment with no upfront cost, Levo will provide the EVs, such as electric school buses, charging infrastructure powered by Nuvve’s V2G platform, EV and charging station maintenance, energy management, and technical advice.

Levo initially focuses on electrifying school buses, providing associated charging infrastructure, and delivering V2G services to enable safer and healthier transportation for children while supporting carbon dioxide emission reduction, renewable energy integration, and improved grid resiliency.

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COVID-19

The outbreak of disease cause by a novel coronavirus discovered in December 2019 ("COVID-19"), which was declared a pandemic in March 2020, and the related restrictive measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, and shutdowns, have negatively impacted the global economy. As national and local governments in different countries ease COVID-19 restrictions, and vaccines are distributed and rolled out successfully, we continue to see improved economic trends. However, COVID-19 and actions taken to mitigate its spread have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which Nuvve operates.

As the coronavirus pandemic continues to evolve, Nuvve believes the extent of the impact to its business, operating results, cash flows, liquidity and financial condition will be primarily driven by the severity and duration of the coronavirus pandemic, the pandemic’s impact on the U.S. and global economies and the timing, scope and effectiveness of federal, state and local governmental responses to the pandemic. Those primary drivers are beyond Nuvve’s knowledge and control, and as a result, at this time Nuvve is unable to predict the cumulative impact, both in terms of severity and duration, that the coronavirus pandemic will have on its business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition, but it could be material if the current circumstances continue to exist for a prolonged period of time. In addition to any direct impact on Nuvve’s business, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made by management in preparing Nuvve’s financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak, and if so, Nuvve may be subject to future impairment losses related to long-lived assets as well as changes to recorded reserves and valuations. Although Nuvve has made its best estimates based upon current information, there can be no assurance that such estimates will prove correct due to the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak or otherwise.

Backlog

Our total backlog represents the estimated transaction prices on unsatisfied and partially satisfied performance obligations to our customers for products and services. Backlog is converted into revenue in future periods as we satisfy the performance obligations to our customers for products and services, primarily based on the cost incurred or at delivery and acceptance of products, depending on the applicable accounting method.

Our estimated backlog at June 30, 2022 was $3.9 million, which we expect to be earned over the next several quarters and years.

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Results of Operations

Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 Compared with Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2021

The following table sets forth information regarding our consolidated results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Period-over-Period Change				Six Months Ended June 30,				Period-over-Period Change
	2022		2021		Change ($)		Change (%)		2022		2021		Change ($)		Change (%)
Revenue
Products and services	$	1,068,029	$	766,516	$	301,513	39	%	$	3,321,813	$	1,078,419	$	2,243,394	208	%
Grants	233,698		214,814		18,884		9	%	350,947		701,943		(350,996)		(50)	%
Total revenue	1,301,727		981,330		320,397		33	%	3,672,760		1,780,362		1,892,398		106	%
Operating expenses
Cost of product and service revenue	1,034,596		362,658		671,938		185	%	3,176,908		489,886		2,687,022		548	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses	8,136,522		5,269,791		2,866,731		54	%	15,762,072		9,752,531		6,009,541		62	%
Research and development expense	2,170,139		1,689,245		480,894		28	%	4,305,714		2,952,195		1,353,519		46	%
Total operating expenses	11,341,257		7,321,694		4,019,563		55	%	23,244,694		13,194,612		10,050,082		76	%
Operating loss	(10,039,530)		(6,340,364)		(3,699,166)		58	%	(19,571,934)		(11,414,250)		(8,157,684)		71	%
Other income (expense)
Interest income (expense)	6,945		1,984		4,961		250	%	8,403		(595,565)		603,968		(101)	%
Write-off of deferred financing costs	(43,562,847)		—		(43,562,847)		100	%	(43,562,847)		—		(43,562,847)		100	%
Change in fair value of private warrants liability	251,000		(351,602)		602,602		(171)	%	684,000		70,228		613,772		874	%
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(32,536)		—		(32,536)		100	%	20,936		—		20,936		100	%
Other, net	22,020		503,676		(481,656)		(96)	%	(7,767)		391,561		(399,328)		(102)	%
Total other (expense) income, net	(43,315,418)		154,058		(43,469,476)		(28,216)	%	(42,857,275)		(133,776)		(42,723,499)		31,937	%
Loss before taxes	(53,354,948)		(6,186,306)		(47,168,642)		762	%	(62,429,209)		(11,548,026)		(50,881,183)		441	%
Income tax (benefit) expense	—		1,000		(1,000)		(100)	%	—		1,000		(1,000)		(100)	%
Net loss	$	(53,354,948)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(47,167,642)	762	%	$	(62,429,209)	$	(11,549,026)	$	(50,880,183)	441	%
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,110,903)		—		(2,110,903)		100	%	(2,211,837)		—		(2,211,837)		100	%
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	$	(51,244,045)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(45,056,739)	728	%	$	(60,217,372)	$	(11,549,026)	$	(48,668,346)	421	%

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Revenue

Total revenue was $1.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $1.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $0.3 million, or 32.6%. The increase is attributed to a $0.3 million increase in products and services revenue. Products and services revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2022 consist of sales DC and AC Chargers of about $1.0 million, grid services revenue of $0.05 million, and engineering services of $0.03 million.

Total revenue was $3.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, compared to $1.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $1.9 million, or 106%. The increase is attributed to a $2.2 million increase in products and services revenue, partially offset by a decrease in grants revenue. Products and services revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022 consist of sales of school buses of $1.7 million, DC and AC Chargers of about $1.3 million, grid services revenue of $0.1 million, and a reduced engineering services of $0.2 million due to certain non-recurring one-time project in the current quarter.

While we may sell school buses and similar equipment from time to time in the future, unlike DC and AC Chargers, sales of school buses are not presently expected to be a regular part of our business.

Cost of Product and Service Revenue

Cost of products and services revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2022, increased by $0.7 million to $1.0 million, and margin decreased to 3.1% from 52.7% compared to the same prior year period. The decrease in margin was mostly due to the impact of a higher mix of hardware charging stations sales and a lower mix of engineering services in the current quarter.

Cost of products and services revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2022, increased by $2.7 million to $3.2 million, and margin decreased to 4.4% from 54.6% compared to the same prior year period. The decrease in margin was mostly due to the impact of lower margin school buses sales, and a higher mix of hardware charging stations sales and a lower mix of engineering services during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses consist of selling, marketing, advertising, payroll, administrative, legal finance, and professional expenses.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $8.1 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to $5.3 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $2.9 million, or 54.4%.

Selling, general and administrative expenses were $15.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, as compared to $9.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, an increase of $6.0 million, or 61.6%.

The increases during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were primarily attributable to increases in compensation expenses of $0.7 million and $1.4 million, respectively, including share-based compensation, travel expenses related to conferences and partnership meetings of $0.4 million and $0.5 million, respectively, professional fees related to internal operational reviews of $0.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively, and governance and other public company costs of $1.7 million and $2.6 million, respectively. Expenses resulting from the consolidation of Levo's activities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, contributed $0.7 million and $1.2 million, respectively, to the increase in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses increased by $0.5 million, or 28.5%, from $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021 to $2.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Research and development expenses increased by $1.4 million, or 45.8%, from $3.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 to $4.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increases during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily attributable to increases in compensation expenses and subcontractor expenses used to advance the Company's platform functionality and integration with more vehicles.

Other Income (Expense)

Other income (expense) consists primarily of interest expense, impairment charge of deferred finance costs, change in fair value of private warrants liability and derivative liability, and other income (expense). Other income (expense) increased by $43.5

37

million of expense, from $0.15 million of other income for the three months ended June 30, 2021, to $43.3 million in other income for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Other income (expense) increased by $42.7 million of expense, from $0.1 million of other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to $42.9 million in other expense for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

The increases in expense during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 were primarily attributable to the impairment charge of deferred finance costs, and change in fair values of the private warrants liability and derivative liability. The impairment charge was driven by a write-off of deferred financing costs associated with the carrying value of warrants and stock options granted to Stonepeak and Evolve in May 2021 in return for their capital commitment to fund up to $750 million in V2Genabled EV fleet deployments of school buses through Levo. We impaired the deferred financing costs during the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily because we have not entered into fleet as a service customer contracts requiring preferred capital commitments from Stonepeak and Levo in excess of $43.6 million within one year of the deferred financing costs being capitalized. The impairment charge is non-cash and does not impact the existing capital commitment we have from Stonepeak and Evolve or the pursuit of customer deployments funded by this capital commitment. Note 19 of our 2021 Form 10-K further describes the terms of the capital commitment with Stonepeak and Evolve.

Income Taxes

In the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded no material income tax expenses. The income tax expenses during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 were minimal primarily due to operating losses that receive no tax benefits as a result of a valuation allowance recorded for such losses.

Net loss

Net loss includes the net loss attributable to Stonepeak and Evolve, the holders of non-controlling interests in Levo, on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Net loss increased by $47.2 million, or 762.3%, from $6.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2021, to $53.4 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net loss was primarily due to increase in operating expenses of $4.0 million and increase in other expense of $43.5 million for the aforementioned reasons.

Net loss increased by $50.9 million, or 440.6%, from $11.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to $62.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net loss was primarily due to increase in operating expenses of $10.1 million and increase in other expense of $42.7 million for the aforementioned reasons.

Net Loss Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest

Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest was $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

Net loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to the relative ownership interests of the holders of non-controlling interests in Levo, an entity formed by us with Stonepeak and Evolve. We own 51% of Levo's common units and Stonepeak and Evolve own 49% of Levo's common units. We have determined that Levo is a variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which we are the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, we consolidate Levo and record a non-controlling interest for the share of the Levo owned by Stonepeak and Evolve during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Nuvve is still an early-stage business enterprise. Nuvve has not yet demonstrated a sustained ability to generate sufficient revenue from sales of its technology and services or conduct sales and marketing activities necessary for the successful commercialization of its GIVe platform. Nuvve has not yet achieved profitability and has experienced substantial net losses, and it expects to continue to incur substantial losses for the foreseeable future. Nuvve incurred net losses of approximately $62.4 million as of the six months ended June 30, 2022, and $27.2 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve had a cash balance, working capital, and stockholders’ equity of $14.9 million, $23.4 million and $23.5 million, respectively.

Nuvve has incurred net losses and negative cash flows from operations since its inception. Nuvve has funded its business operations primarily with the issuance of equity and convertible notes, borrowings and cash from operations. Also, in the past, Nuvve has been able to raise funds primarily through the Business Combination and PIPE Offering (see our 2021 Form 10-K for details) to support its business operations. However, there can be no assurance it will be successful in raising necessary funds in the future, on acceptable terms or at all.

On April 25, 2022, Nuvve filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC which will allow it to issue unspecified amounts of common stock, preferred stock, warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, and units consisting of any combination of any of the foregoing securities, in one or more series, from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100.0 million. The shelf registration statement was declared effective on May 5, 2022. Nuvve believes that it will be able to raise capital by issuing securities pursuant to its effective shelf registration statement.

On May 5, 2022, Nuvve entered into an at-the-market offering agreement (the "Sales Agreement"), with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (the "Agent"). From time to time during the term of the Sales Agreement, Nuvve may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. The Agents will collect a fee equal to 3% of the gross sales price of all shares of common stock sold. Shares of common stock sold under the Sales Agreement are offered and sold pursuant to our shelf registration statement describe above. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we sold 323,746 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement at an average price of $6.12 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million. Additionally, during the month of July 2022, we sold 469,136 shares of common stock pursuant to the sales agreement at an average price of $4.17 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million.

Nuvve believes that its cash balance as of June 30, 2022, in addition to its cash flows from operations, will be sufficient to fund its working capital and capital expenditure requirements for the next 12 months from the filing date of this Quarterly Report.

Securities Purchase Agreement, Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants

On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with a certain institutional and accredited investor (the “Purchaser”), relating to the issuance and sale of 2,150,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,850,000 shares of common stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of common stock in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”). The Offering was made pursuant to the effective shelf registration statement described above and closed on July 29, 2022.

The offering price for the Shares was $3.50 per Share and the offering price for the Pre-Funded Warrants was $3.4999 per Pre-Funded Warrant, which represents the per Share public offering price less $0.0001 per share exercise price for each Pre-Funded Warrant. Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions. The Warrants will have an exercise price of $3.75 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, and each Warrant will be exercisable for one share of common stock. The Warrants are exercisable beginning six months from the date of issuance and the Pre-Funded Warrants are exercisable immediately upon issuance. The Pre-Funded Warrants terminate when fully exercised and the Warrants terminate five years from the initial exercisability date. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $14.0 million and net proceeds were $13.1 million, excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Warrants. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) was the exclusive placement agent for the Offering and received 6.0% of the gross proceeds of the Offering.

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Equity Forward Purchase

Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23,2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer committed to purchase from the Company, and the Company committed to sell to them, an aggregate of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer have fulfilled their obligations and have purchased from Nuvve a total of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000.

Levo

On August 4, 2021, we formed Levo with Stonepeak and Evolve to rapidly accelerate the deployment of electric fleets, including zero-emission electric school buses for school districts in the United States through V2G hubs and Transportation as a service ("TaaS"). Levo utilizes our proprietary V2G technology, and the capital commitments from Stonepeak and Evolve of $750 million, subject to project approval process as outlined under the terms of the definitive agreements, to fund acquisition of electric fleets, and construction of EV infrastructure. Stonepeak and Evolve have the option to increase their capital commitments to $1.0 billion when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $500 million in aggregate capital expenditures. See Note 19, “Levo Mobility LLC Entity,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Company’s Stonepeak and Evolve Warrants related Securities Purchase Agreement (as defined in the Company's 2021 Form 10-K), and Levo definitive agreements

Purchase Commitments

On July 20, 2021, Nuvve issued a purchase order (“PO”) to its supplier for a quantity of DC Chargers, for a total price of $13.2 million, with the delivery date specified as the week of November 15, 2021. However, the supplier subsequently notified Nuvve that it would be unable to meet the contracted delivery date as a result of supply chain issues. The parties therefore agreed to change the delivery date to on or about December 15, 2021. As of the end of June 30, 2022, Nuvve received a partial shipment of the DC Chargers, for which Nuvve paid $5.3 million. The delivered DC Chargers did not fully conform to required software and hardware specifications. As of June 30, 2022, the supplier is still in the process of bringing the delivered DC Chargers into full conformance. In April 2022, the parties agreed to address the technical issues necessary to bring the DC charges into full conformity with specifications, and to amend the mix defined in original PO for the delivery of the remaining DC Chargers still subject to the original PO.

No amendments to the original PO have been executed. To the extent Nuvve and the supplier are unable to align on mutually agreeable terms to resolve the dispute relating to the PO, Nuvve believes it has no obligation to purchase or accept delivery against the PO given that the supplier failed to timely deliver conforming DC Chargers in accordance with the stated PO terms. The supplier asserts, however, that the original PO was non-cancellable and non-refundable regardless of when in the future the chargers are delivered, and regardless of any non-conformance. Nuvve believes the supplier’s position does not have merit and Nuvve would exercise all available rights and remedies in its defense should any legal proceeding result from such dispute. The outcome of any such proceeding would be inherently uncertain, and the amount and/or timing of any liability or expense resulting from such a proceeding is not reasonably estimable at this time.

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Cash Flows

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Net cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(20,021,165)	$	(13,413,426)
Investing activities	(1,317,225)		7,969
Financing activities	4,022,908		59,474,365
Effect of exchange rate on cash and restricted cash	(54,796)		98,193
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash	$	(17,370,278)	$	46,167,101

Net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $20.0 million as compared to net cash used of $13.4 million in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The $6.6 million increase in net cash used in operating activities was primarily attributable to higher use of cash for working capital during the six months ended June 30, 2022 as compared to the same prior period. Working capital during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was impacted by, among other items, higher net loss of $62.4 million, resulting from increases in compensation expenses, increases in professional fees related to internal operational reviews, increases in governance and other public company costs, and cash purchases to fund higher inventory levels. These were partially offset by improved timing and management of vendor terms compared to the cash settlement of such items.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, cash used for investing activities was $1.3 million as compared to net cash provided by investing activities of $0.01 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, which was used to purchase fixed assets and a future equity investment in a partnership alliance.

Net cash provided for financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $4.0 million, of which $1.9 million was provided in connection with the proceeds from the at-the-market common stock offering, partially offset by issuance costs, proceeds from forward option put exercise of $2.0 million, and proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $0.2 million. Net cash provided by financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 was $59.5 million, of which $58.2 million was provided in connection with the Business Combination, $14.3 million was provided in connection with the PIPE offering, partially offset by issuance costs of $4.0 million, the repayment of Newborn sponsor loans of $0.5 million, and the $6.0 million repurchase of common stock.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Nuvve is not a party to any off-balance sheet arrangements.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management’s discussion and analysis of Nuvve’s financial condition and results of operations is based on its consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires Nuvve to make estimates and assumptions for the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. Nuvve’s estimates are based on its historical experience and on various other factors that it believes are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions and any such differences may be material.

For a summary of our significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of our 2021 Form 10-K. For a summary of our critical accounting estimates, please see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates" in our 2021 Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of our 2021 Form 10-K.

Emerging Growth Company Accounting Election

Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. The Company is an “emerging growth company” as defined in Section 2(A) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and has elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.

The Company expects to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public business entities and non-public business entities until the earlier of the date the Company (a) is no longer an emerging growth company or (b) affirmatively and irrevocably opts out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. This may make it difficult or impossible to compare the Company’s financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of the extended transition period exemptions because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. See Note 2 of the accompanying audited consolidated financial statements and unaudited consolidated financial statements of Nuvve included elsewhere in this report for the recent accounting pronouncements adopted and the recent accounting pronouncements not yet adopted for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

In addition, the Company intends to rely on the other exemptions and reduced reporting requirements provided by the JOBS Act. Subject to certain conditions set forth in the JOBS Act, if, as an emerging growth company, the Company intends to rely on such exemptions, the Company is not required to, among other things: (a) provide an auditor’s attestation report on the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act; (b) provide all of the compensation disclosure that may be required of non-emerging growth public companies under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; (c) comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the consolidated financial statements (auditor discussion and analysis); or (d) disclose certain executive compensation-related items such as the correlation between executive compensation and performance and comparisons of the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation to median employee compensation.

The Company will remain an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act until the earliest of (a) the last day of the Company’s first fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of Newborn’s IPO, (b) the last date of the Company’s fiscal year in which the Company has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, (c) the date on which the Company is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC with at least $700.0 million of outstanding securities held by non-affiliates or (d) the date on which the Company has issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the previous three years.

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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Not applicable.

Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, our principal executive officer and principal accounting and financial officer, respectively, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of June 30, 2022.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of June 30, 2022 due to the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting described in our 2021 Form 10-K. In light of this fact, our management has performed additional analyses, reconciliations, and other post-closing procedures and has concluded that, notwithstanding the material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, the condensed consolidated financial statements for the periods covered by and included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly present, in all material respects, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with U.S. GAAP.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Except for the changes in connection with the ongoing remediation of the previously identified material weaknesses discussed in our 2021 Form 10-K, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended June 30, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. For a summary of the identified material weaknesses discussed in our 2021 Form 10-K, please refer to Part II, Item 9A of our 2021 Form 10-K.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.    Legal Proceedings

We are not a party to any material legal proceedings. From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings or subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. The outcome of litigation is inherently uncertain, and there can be no assurances that favorable outcomes will be obtained. In addition, regardless of the outcome, such proceedings or claims can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of resources and other factors.

Item 1A.    Risk Factors

For a discussion of our potential risks and uncertainties, see the information under Item 1A. "Risk Factors” in our 2021 Form 10‑K. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, there have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our 2021 Form 10‑K.

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Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23,2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer committed to purchase from the Company, and the Company committed to sell to them, an aggregate of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer have fulfilled their obligations and have purchased from Nuvve a total of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. The shares of common stock were issued in reliance upon the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, for transactions not involving a public offering.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5.    Other Information.

On August 10, 2022, the Company’s board of directors adopted an amendment to Section 5.5 of the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (the “Bylaws”), effective as of that date. Section 5.5 was amended to provide that the board of directors may fix a record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful actions from not more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting.

Section 5.5 previously provided that the board of directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than ten (10) days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date of action with a meeting is adopted by the Board of Directors, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.

The foregoing summary of the amendments to the Bylaws is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Bylaws, which are filed as Exhibit 3.2 hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

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Item 6.    Exhibits.

		Incorporation by Reference
Exhibit No.	Description	Form	Exhibit No.	Filing Date
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation	8-K	3.1	3/25/2021
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws	*
10.1	At the Market Offering Agreement.	8-K	1.1	5/6/2022
31.1	Rules 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer	*
31.2	Rules 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer	*
32.1	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer	+
32.2	Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer	+
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	+
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	+
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	+
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	+
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document	+
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	+
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.	+

_____________________

*    Filed herewith.

+    Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

In accordance with the requirements of the Exchange Act, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

August 11, 2022

NUVVE HOLDING CORP.
By:	/s/ Gregory Poilasne
	Gregory Poilasne Chief Executive Officer

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EX-3.2

Exhibit 3.2

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BY LAWS

OF

NUVVE HOLDING CORP.

Adopted by the Board of Directors on August 10, 2022

ARTICLE I OFFICES

1.1 Registered Office. The registered office of Nuvve Holding Corp. (the “Corporation”) in the State of Delaware shall be established and maintained at 1013 Centre Road, Suite 403-B, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, County of New Castle and Vcorp Services, LLC shall be the registered agent of the corporation in charge thereof.

1.2 Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

2.1 Place of Meetings. All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.

2.2 Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as may be fixed by the Board of Directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of only such other business as is properly brought before the meeting in accordance with these Bylaws (the “Bylaws”).

Written notice of an annual meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the annual meeting.

To be properly brought before the annual meeting, business must be either (i) specified in the notice of annual meeting (or any supplement or amendment thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, (ii) otherwise brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (iii) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by a stockholder. In addition to any other applicable requirements, for business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice must be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that in the event that less than seventy (70) days notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by a stockholder, to be timely, must be received no later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made, whichever first occurs. A stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth (a) as to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, and (ii) any material interest of the stockholder in such business, and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the name and record address of the stockholder and (ii) the class, series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder. Notwithstanding anything in these Bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be conducted at the annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Article II, Section 2. The officer of the Corporation presiding at an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the annual meeting that business was not properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Article II, Section 2, and if such officer should so determine, such officer shall so declare to the annual meeting and any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted.

2.3 Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation (the “Certificate of Incorporation”), may only be called by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, by the Chair of the Board of Directors, or by Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting.

Unless otherwise provided by law, written notice of a special meeting of stockholders, stating the time, place and purpose or purposes thereof, shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting, not less than ten (10) or more than sixty (60) days before the date fixed for the meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.

2.4 Quorum. The holders of a majority of the capital stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the holders of a majority of the votes entitled to be cast by the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting.

2.5 Organization. The Chair of the Board of Directors shall act as chair of meetings of the stockholders. The Board of Directors may designate any other officer or director of the Corporation to act as chair of any meeting in the absence of the Chair of the Board of Directors, and the Board of Directors may further provide for determining who shall act as chair of any stockholders meeting in the absence of the Chair of the Board of Directors and such designee.

The Secretary of the Corporation shall act as secretary of all meetings of the stockholders, but in the absence of the Secretary the presiding officer may appoint any other person to act as secretary of any meeting.

2.6 Voting. Unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any question (other than the election of directors) brought before any meeting of stockholders shall be decided by the vote of the holders of a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereon. At all meetings of stockholders for the election of directors, a plurality of the votes cast shall be sufficient to elect. Each stockholder represented at a meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to cast one vote for each share of the capital stock entitled to vote thereat held by such stockholder, unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize any person or persons to act for him by proxy. All proxies shall be executed in writing and shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation not later than the day on which exercised. No proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, or the officer of the Corporation presiding at a meeting of stockholders, in his discretion, may require that any votes cast at such meeting shall be cast by written ballot.

2.7 No Stockholder Action by Written Consent. No action that is required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation at any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be effected by written consent of stockholders in lieu of a meeting, unless the Board of Directors unanimously approves or unanimously recommends that stockholders approve such action.

2.8 Voting List. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any

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purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the election, either at a place within the city, town or village where the election is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not specified, at the place where said meeting is to be held. The list shall be produced and kept at the time and place of election during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is present.

2.9 Stock Ledger. The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 8 of this Article II or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

2.10 Adjournment. Any meeting of the stockholders, including one at which directors are to be elected, may be adjourned for such periods as the presiding officer of the meeting or the stockholders present in person or by proxy and entitled to vote shall direct.

2.11 Ratification. Any transaction questioned in any stockholders’ derivative suit, or any other suit to enforce alleged rights of the Corporation or any of its stockholders, on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of any director, officer or stockholder, nondisclosure, miscomputation or the application of improper principles or practices of accounting may be approved, ratified and confirmed before or after judgment by the Board of Directors or by the holders of Common Stock and, if so approved, ratified or confirmed, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned transaction had been originally duly authorized, and said approval, ratification or confirmation shall be binding upon the Corporation and all of its stockholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned transaction.

2.12 Inspectors. The election of directors and any other vote by ballot at any meeting of the stockholders shall be supervised by at least one inspector. Such inspectors shall be appointed by the Board of Directors in advance of the meeting. If the inspector so appointed shall refuse to serve or shall not be present, such appointment shall be made by the officer presiding at the meeting.

ARTICLE III DIRECTORS

3.1 Powers; Number; Qualifications. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise provided by law or in the Certificate of Incorporation. The number of directors which shall constitute the Board of Directors shall be not less than one (1) nor more than nine (9). The exact number of directors shall be fixed from time to time, within the limits specified in this Article III, Section 1 or in the Certificate of Incorporation, by the Board of Directors. Directors need not be stockholders of the Corporation. The Board may be divided into Classes as more fully described in the Certificate of Incorporation.

3.2 Election; Term of Office; Resignation; Removal; Vacancies. Each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders at which his Class stands for election or until such director’s earlier resignation, removal from office, death or incapacity. Unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors or from any other cause may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director and each director so chosen shall hold office until the next election of the class for which such director shall have been chosen, and until his successor shall be elected and qualified, or until such director’s earlier resignation, removal from office, death or incapacity.

3.3 Nominations. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation at a meeting of stockholders of the Corporation may be made at such meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, by any committee or persons appointed by the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors at the meeting who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Article III, Section 3. Such nominations by any stockholder shall be made pursuant to timely notice in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than sixty (60) days nor more than ninety (90) days prior to the meeting; provided however, that in the event that less than seventy (70) days notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder, to be timely, must be received no later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such notice of the

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date of the meeting was mailed or such public disclosure was made, whichever first occurs. Such stockholder’s notice to the Secretary shall set forth (i) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director, (a) the name, age, business address and residence address of the person, (b) the principal occupation or employment of the person, (c) the class and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the person, and (d) any other information relating to the person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations for proxies for election of directors pursuant to the Rules and Regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and (ii) as to the stockholder giving the notice (a) the name and record address of the stockholder and (b) the class and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are beneficially owned by the stockholder. The Corporation may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as a director of the Corporation. No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth herein. The officer of the Corporation presiding at an annual meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedure, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare to the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.

3.4 Meetings. The Board of Directors of the Corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware. The first meeting of each newly elected Board of Directors shall be held immediately after and at the same place as the meeting of the stockholders at which it is elected and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the newly elected directors in order to legally constitute the meeting, provided a quorum shall be present. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the President or a majority of the entire Board of Directors. Notice thereof stating the place, date and hour of the meeting shall be given to each director either by mail not less than forty-eight (48) hours before the date of the meeting, by telephone, facsimile, telegram or e-mail on twenty-four (24) hours notice, or on such shorter notice as the person or persons calling such meeting may deem necessary or appropriate in the circumstances.

3.5 Quorum. Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof, a majority of the entire Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof, a majority of the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

3.6 Organization of Meetings. The Board of Directors shall elect one of its members to be Chair of the Board of Directors. The Chair of the Board of Directors shall lead the Board of Directors in fulfilling its responsibilities as set forth in these By-Laws, including its responsibility to oversee the performance of the Corporation, and shall determine the agenda and perform all other duties and exercise all other powers which are or from time to time may be delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors.

Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be presided over by the Chair of the Board of Directors, or in his or her absence, by the President, or in the absence of the Chair of the Board of Directors and the President by such other person as the Board of Directors may designate or the members present may select.

3.7 Actions of Board of Directors Without Meeting. Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or of such committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic transmission or transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.

3.8 Removal of Directors by Stockholders. The entire Board of Directors or any individual Director may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class. In

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case the Board of Directors or any one or more Directors be so removed, new Directors may be elected at the same time for the unexpired portion of the full term of the Director or Directors so removed.

3.9 Resignations. Any Director may resign at any time by submitting his written resignation to the Board of Directors or Secretary of the Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time of its receipt by the Corporation unless another time be fixed in the resignation, in which case it shall become effective at the time so fixed. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be required to make it effective.

3.10 Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided by law and in the resolution of the Board of Directors establishing such committee, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to amending the Certificate of Incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger or consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution or amending the Bylaws of the Corporation; and, unless the resolution expressly so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.

3.11 Compensation. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors and may be paid a fixed amount (in cash or other form of consideration) for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a stated salary as director. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.

3.12 Interested Directors. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of its directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if (i) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or (ii) the material facts as to his or their relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

3.13 Meetings by Means of Conference Telephone. Members of the Board of Directors or any committee designed by the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee of the Board of Directors by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this subsection shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

ARTICLE IV OFFICERS

4.1 General. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected by the Board of Directors and may consist of: a Chair of the Board, Vice Chair of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Secretary

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and Treasurer. The Board of Directors, in its discretion, may also elect one or more Vice Presidents (including Executive Vice Presidents and Senior Vice Presidents), Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers, a Controller and such other officers as in the judgment of the Board of Directors may be necessary or desirable. Any number of offices may be held by the same person and more than one person may hold the same office, unless otherwise prohibited by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. The officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation, nor need such officers be directors of the Corporation.

4.2 Election. The Board of Directors at its first meeting held after each annual meeting of stockholders shall elect the officers of the Corporation who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; and all officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualified, or until their earlier resignation or removal. Except as otherwise provided in this Article IV, any officer elected by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Corporation shall be filled by the Board of Directors. The salaries of all officers who are directors of the Corporation shall be fixed by the Board of Directors.

4.3 Voting Securities Owned by the Corporation. Powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or any Vice President, and any such officer may, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incident to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.

4.4 Chief Executive Officer. Subject to the provisions of these Bylaws and to the direction of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer shall have ultimate authority for decisions relating to the general management and control of the affairs and business of the Corporation and shall perform such other duties and exercise such other powers which are or from time to time may be delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws, all in accordance with basic policies as established by and subject to the oversight of the Board of Directors.

4.5 President. At the request of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, the President shall perform the duties of the Chief Executive Officer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon such office. The President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe.

4.6 Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall have general supervision, direction and control of the financial affairs of the Corporation and shall perform such other duties and exercise such other powers which are or from time to time may be delegated to him or her by the Board of Directors or these Bylaws, all in accordance with basic policies as established by and subject to the oversight of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a named Treasurer, the Chief Financial Officer shall also have the powers and duties of the Treasurer as hereinafter set forth and shall be authorized and empowered to sign as Treasurer in any case where such officer’s signature is required.

4.7 Vice Presidents. At the request of the President or in the absence of the President, or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, the Vice President or the Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon such office. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of such officer to act, shall perform the duties of such office, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon such office.

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4.8 Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of stockholders and record all the proceedings thereat in a book or books to be kept for that purpose; the Secretary shall also perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors or the President, under whose supervision the Secretary shall be. If the Secretary shall be unable or shall refuse to cause to be given notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, then any Assistant Secretary shall perform such actions. If there be no Assistant Secretary, then the Board of Directors or the President may choose another officer to cause such notice to be given. The Secretary shall have custody of the seal of the Corporation and the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary, if there be one, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so affixed, it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or by the signature of any such Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest the affixing by his signature. The Secretary shall see that all books, reports, statements, certificates and other documents and records required by law to be kept or filed are properly kept or filed, as the case may be.

4.9 Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all his transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. If required by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.

4.10 Assistant Secretaries. Except as may be otherwise provided in these Bylaws, Assistant Secretaries, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Secretary, and in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Secretary, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Secretary.

4.11 Assistant Treasurers. Assistant Treasurers, if there be any, shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, if there be one, or the Treasurer, and in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of his disability or refusal to act, shall perform the duties of the Treasurer, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the Treasurer. If required by the Board of Directors, an Assistant Treasurer shall give the Corporation a bond in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory to the Board of Directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his office and for the restoration to the Corporation, in case of his death, resignation, retirement or removal from office, of all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his possession or under his control belonging to the Corporation.

4.12 Controller. The Controller shall establish and maintain the accounting records of the Corporation in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles applied on a consistent basis, maintain proper internal control of the assets of the Corporation and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors, the President or any Vice President of the Corporation may prescribe.

4.13 Other Officers. Such other officers as the Board of Directors may choose shall perform such duties and have such powers as from time to time may be assigned to them by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may delegate to any other officer of the Corporation the power to choose such other officers and to prescribe their respective duties and powers.

4.14 Vacancies. The Board of Directors shall have the power to fill any vacancies in any office occurring from whatever reason.

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4.15 Resignations. Any officer may resign at any time by submitting his written resignation to the Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time of its receipt by the Corporation, unless another time be fixed in the resignation, in which case it shall become effective at the time so fixed. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be required to make it effective.

4.16 Removal. Subject to the provisions of any employment agreement approved by the Board of Directors, any officer of the Corporation may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors.

ARTICLE V CAPITAL STOCK

5.1 Form of Certificates. The shares of stock in the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of the Corporation’s stock shall be in uncertificated form. Stock certificates shall be in such forms as the Board of Directors may prescribe and signed by the Chair of the Board, President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation.

5.2 Signatures. Any or all of the signatures on a stock certificate may be a facsimile, including, but not limited to, signatures of officers of the Corporation and countersignatures of a transfer agent or registrar. In case an officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

5.3 Lost Certificates. The Board of Directors may direct a new stock certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any stock certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new stock certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or his legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as the Board of Directors shall require and/or to give the Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.

5.4 Transfers. Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by law and in these Bylaws. Transfers of certificated stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person named in the certificate or by such person’s attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, which shall be canceled before a new certificate shall be issued. Transfers of uncertificated stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation only by the person then registered on the books of the Corporation as the owner of such shares or by such person's attorney lawfully constituted in writing and written instruction to the Corporation containing such information as the Corporation or its agents may prescribe. No transfer of uncertificated stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an entry showing from and to whom transferred. The Corporation shall have no duty to inquire into adverse claims with respect to any stock transfer unless (a) the Corporation has received a written notification of an adverse claim at a time and in a manner which affords the Corporation a reasonable opportunity to act on it prior to the issuance of a new, reissued or re-registered share certificate, in the case of certificated stock, or entry in the stock record books of the Corporation, in the case of uncertificated stock, and the notification identifies the claimant, the registered owner and the issue of which the share or shares is a part and provides an address for communications directed to the claimant; or (b) the Corporation has required and obtained, with respect to a fiduciary, a copy of a will, trust, indenture, articles of co-partnership, Bylaws or other controlling instruments, for a purpose other than to obtain appropriate evidence of the appointment or incumbency of the fiduciary, and such documents indicate, upon reasonable inspection, the existence of an adverse claim. The Corporation may discharge any duty of inquiry by any reasonable means, including notifying an adverse claimant by registered or certified mail at the address furnished by him or, if there be no such address, at his residence or regular place of business that the security has been presented for registration of transfer by a named person, and that the transfer will be registered unless within thirty days from the date of mailing the notification, either (a) an appropriate restraining order, injunction or other process issues from a court of competent jurisdiction; or (b) an indemnity bond, sufficient in the Corporation’s judgment to protect

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the Corporation and any transfer agent, registrar or other agent of the Corporation involved from any loss which it or they may suffer by complying with the adverse claim, is filed with the Corporation.

5.5 Fixing Record Date. In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If no record date is fixed:

(a) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.

(b) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent is delivered to the Corporation.

(c) The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.

A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

5.6 Registered Stockholders. Prior to due presentment for transfer of any share or shares, the Corporation shall treat the registered owner thereof as the person exclusively entitled to vote, to receive notifications and to all other benefits of ownership with respect to such share or shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of the State Delaware.

ARTICLE VI NOTICES

6.1 Form of Notice. Notices to directors and stockholders other than notices to directors of special meetings of the board of Directors which may be given by any means stated in Article III, Section 4, shall be in writing and delivered personally or mailed to the directors or stockholders at their addresses appearing on the books of the corporation. Notice by mail shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be mailed. Notice to directors may also be given by telegram.

6.2 Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of law or the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws of the Corporation, a written waiver, signed by the person or persons entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular, or special meeting of the stockholders, Directors, or members of a committee of Directors need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the Certificate of Incorporation.

ARTICLE VII INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

7.1 The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a

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director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.

7.2 The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another Corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

7.3 To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections 1 or 2 of this Article, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith.

7.4 Any indemnification under sections 1 or 2 of this Article (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in such section. Such determination shall be made:

(a) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or

(b) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or

(c) by the stockholders.

7.5 Expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by an officer or director in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that he is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Section. Such expenses (including attorneys’ fees) incurred by other employees and agents may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board of Directors deems appropriate.

7.6 The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to the other sections of this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

7.7 The Corporation shall have power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another Corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise

10

against any liability asserted against him and incurred by him in any such capacity, or arising out of his status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify him against such liability under the provisions of this Article.

7.8 For purposes of this Article, references to the “Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting Corporation, any constituent Corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer employee or agent of such constituent Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another Corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under this Article with respect to the resulting or surviving Corporation as he would have with respect to such constituent Corporation of its separate existence had continued.

7.9 For purposes of this Article, references to “other enterprises” shall include employee benefit plans; references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan; and references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article.

7.10 The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

7.11 No director or officer of the Corporation shall be personally liable to the Corporation or to any stockholder of the Corporation for monetary damages for breach of fiduciary duty as a director or officer, provided that this provision shall not limit the liability of a director or officer (i) for any breach of the director’s or the officer’s duty of loyalty to the Corporation or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director or officer derived an improper personal benefit.

ARTICLE VIII GENERAL PROVISIONS

8.1 Reliance on Books and Records. Each Director, each member of any committee designated by the Board of Directors, and each officer of the Corporation, shall, in the performance of his duties, be fully protected in relying in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Corporation, including reports made to the Corporation by any of its officers, by an independent certified public accountant, or by an appraiser selected with reasonable care.

8.2 Maintenance and Inspection of Records. The Corporation shall, either at its principal executive office or at such place or places as designated by the Board of Directors, keep a record of its stockholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of shares held by each stockholder, a copy of these by-laws, as may be amended to date, minute books, accounting books and other records.

Any such records maintained by the Corporation may be kept on, or by means of, or be in the form of, any information storage device or method, provided that the records so kept can be converted into clearly legible paper form within a reasonable time. The Corporation shall so convert any records so kept upon the request of any person entitled to inspect such records pursuant to the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law. When records are kept in such manner, a clearly legible paper form produced from or by means of the information storage device or method shall be admissible in evidence, and accepted for all other purposes, to the same extent as an original paper form accurately portrays the record.

Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the

11

Corporation’s stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a purpose reasonably related to such person’s interest as a stockholder. In every instance where an attorney or other agent is the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing that authorizes the attorney or other agent to so act on behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the Corporation at its registered office in Delaware or at its principal executive office.

8.3 Inspection by Directors. Any director shall have the right to examine the Corporation’s stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records for a purpose reasonably related to his or her position as a director.

8.4 Dividends. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, dividends upon the capital stock of the Corporation may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the capital stock, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation. Before payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums as the Directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends, or for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the Directors shall think conducive to the interest of the Corporation, and the Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.

8.5 Checks. All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.

8.6 Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be as determined by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors shall fail to do so, the President shall fix the fiscal year.

8.7 Seal. The corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Corporation, the year of its organization and the words “Corporate Seal, Delaware”. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any manner reproduced.

8.8 Amendments. The original or other Bylaws may be adopted, amended or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote thereon at any regular or special meeting or, if the Certificate of Incorporation so provides, by the Board of Directors. The fact that such power has been so conferred upon the Board of Directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal Bylaws; provided, that in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of stock of the Corporation required by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (66 2/3%) of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required for the stockholders to adopt, amend or repeal any provision of the Bylaws of the Corporation; provided, however, that if the Board of Directors unanimously approves or unanimously recommends that stockholders approve such adoption, amendment or repeal, such adoption, amendment or repeal shall only require, in addition to any vote of the holders of any class or series of the capital stock of the Corporation required by law or by this Certificate of Incorporation, the affirmative vote of the holders of the majority of the voting power of all of the then outstanding shares of capital stock of the Corporation present and entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class.

8.9 Interpretation of Bylaws. All words, terms and provisions of these Bylaws shall be interpreted and defined by and in accordance with the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended, and as amended from time to time hereafter.

[End of Document]

12

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

RULE 13A-14(D) CERTIFICATION

I, Gregory Poilasne, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 of Nuvve Holding Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the ineffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: August 11, 2022

By:	/s/ Gregory Poilasne
	Gregory Poilasne Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

RULE 13A-14(D) CERTIFICATION

I, David Robson, certify that:

1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 of Nuvve Holding Corp.;

2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4.The Registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the Registrant and have:

(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the ineffectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5.The registrant’s other certifying officers and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal controls over financial reporting.

Date: August 11, 2022

By:	/s/ David Robson
	David Robson Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Nuvve Holding Corp. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Gregory Poilasne, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 11, 2022

By:	/s/ Gregory Poilasne
	Gregory Poilasne Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

EX-32.2

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATIONS OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO

18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,

AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO

SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Nuvve Holding Corp. (the “Company”) for the quarter ended June 30, 2022, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, David Robson, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that, to my knowledge:

1.The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

2.the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

Date: August 11, 2022

By:	/s/ David Robson
	David Robson Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)

XML

Cover - shares	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Aug. 04, 2022
Document Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-Q
Document Quarterly Report	true
Document Period End Date	Jun. 30, 2022
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	001-40296
Entity Registrant Name	NUVVE HOLDING CORP.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	86-1617000
Entity Address, Address Line One	2468 Historic Decatur Road,
Entity Address, City or Town	San Diego,
Entity Address, State or Province	CA
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	92106
City Area Code	(619)
Local Phone Number	456-5161
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	true
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		22,363,540
Amendment Flag	false
Entity Central Index Key	0001836875
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q2
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Common Stock
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Trading Symbol	NVVE
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Warrants
Document Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Trading Symbol	NVVEW
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current assets
Cash	$ 14,890,242	$ 32,360,520
Restricted cash	480,000	380,000
Accounts receivable	1,958,656	1,886,708
Inventories	10,796,032	11,118,188
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,384,575	1,036,645
Total Current Assets	30,509,505	46,782,061
Property and equipment, net	600,546	356,194
Intangible assets, net	1,411,358	1,481,077
Investments	1,670,951	670,951
Right-of-use operating assets	5,195,474	3,483,042
Deferred financing costs	0	43,562,847
Financing receivables	238,624	138,161
Security deposit, long-term	3,057	3,057
Total Assets	39,629,515	96,477,390
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	3,327,366	5,738,873
Accrued expenses	2,392,820	2,874,018
Deferred revenue	781,922	719,771
Operating lease liabilities - current	455,064	41,513
Other liabilities	111,387	110,574
Total Current Liabilities	7,068,559	9,484,749
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,053,219	3,441,642
Warrants liability	182,000	866,000
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	491,012	511,948
Other long-term liabilities	15,120	18,860
Total Liabilities	12,809,910	14,323,199
Commitments and Contingencies
Mezzanine equity
Redeemable non-controlling interests, preferred shares, zero par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 3,138 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021; aggregate liquidation preference of $3,330,071 at June 30, 2022	3,208,360	2,885,427
Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 19,709,763 and 18,861,130 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	1,986	1,888
Additional paid-in capital	134,261,487	127,138,504
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	73,448	113,446
Accumulated deficit	(107,629,843)	(47,412,470)
Nuvve Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	26,707,078	79,841,368
Non-controlling interests	(3,236,683)	(572,604)
Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)	23,470,395	79,268,764
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine equity and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 39,629,515	$ 96,477,390
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Class D Incentive Units
Mezzanine equity
Class D Incentive units, zero par value, 1,000,000 units authorized, 250,000 units issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022	$ 140,850	$ 0
Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000
Cumulative Preferred Stock
Stockholders’ (Deficit) Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,000,000 shares authorized; zero shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	$ 0	$ 0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) (Parentheticals) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, liquidation preference	$ 3,330,071
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, shares authorized (in Shares)	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in Shares)	19,709,763	18,861,130
Common stock, shares outstanding (in Shares)	19,709,763	18,861,130
Class D Incentive Units
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	250,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	250,000
Cumulative Preferred Stock
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in Shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in Shares)	0	0

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 1,301,727	$ 981,330	$ 3,672,760	$ 1,780,362
Operating expenses
Cost of product and service revenue	1,034,596	362,658	3,176,908	489,886
Selling, general, and administrative	8,136,522	5,269,791	15,762,072	9,752,531
Research and development	2,170,139	1,689,245	4,305,714	2,952,195
Total operating expenses	11,341,257	7,321,694	23,244,694	13,194,612
Operating loss	(10,039,530)	(6,340,364)	(19,571,934)	(11,414,250)
Other income (expense)
Interest income (expense)	6,945	1,984	8,403	(595,565)
Write-off of deferred financing costs	(43,562,847)	0	(43,562,847)	0
Change in fair value of warrants liability	251,000	(351,602)	684,000	70,228
Change in fair value of derivative liability	(32,536)	0	20,936	0
Other, net	22,020	503,676	(7,767)	391,561
Total other (expense) income, net	(43,315,418)	154,058	(42,857,275)	(133,776)
Loss before taxes	(53,354,948)	(6,186,306)	(62,429,209)	(11,548,026)
Income tax (benefit) expense	0	1,000	0	1,000
Net loss	(53,354,948)	(6,187,306)	(62,429,209)	(11,549,026)
Less: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,110,903)	0	(2,211,837)	0
Net loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	(51,244,045)	(6,187,306)	(60,217,372)	(11,549,026)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	65,296	0	129,311	0
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	161,466	0	322,932	0
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders	$ (51,470,807)	$ (6,187,306)	$ (60,669,615)	$ (11,549,026)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic (in Dollars per share)	$ (2.70)	$ (0.33)	$ (3.20)	$ (0.79)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted (in Dollars per share)	$ (2.70)	$ (0.33)	$ (3.20)	$ (0.79)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic (in Shares)	19,064,854	18,668,009	18,965,167	14,560,862
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted (in Shares)	19,064,854	18,668,009	18,965,167	14,560,862
Products and services
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 1,068,029	$ 766,516	$ 3,321,813	$ 1,078,419
Grants
Revenue
Total revenue	$ 233,698	$ 214,814	$ 350,947	$ 701,943

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net loss	$ (53,354,948)	$ (6,187,306)	$ (62,429,209)	$ (11,549,026)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes
Foreign currency translation adjustments, net of taxes	(26,314)	(20,146)	(39,998)	96,603
Total Comprehensive loss	(53,381,262)	(6,207,452)	(62,469,207)	(11,452,423)
Less: Comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests	(2,110,903)	0	(2,211,837)	0
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp.	(51,270,359)	(6,207,452)	(60,257,370)	(11,452,423)
Less: Preferred dividends on redeemable non-controlling interests	(65,296)	0	(129,311)	0
Less: Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(161,466)	0	(322,932)	0
Comprehensive loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders	$ (51,043,597)	$ (6,207,452)	$ (59,805,127)	$ (11,452,423)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-in Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Accumulated Deficit	Non-controlling Interests	Series A Convertible Preferred Stock Preferred Stock
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		26,162,122					16,789,088
Balances at Dec. 31, 2020	$ (880,710)	$ 2,616	$ 19,650,659	$ (77,841)	$ (20,457,823)		$ 1,679
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Conversion of shares due to merger capitalization (in Shares)		(17,039,126)					(16,789,088)
Conversion of shares due to merger capitalization	0	$ (1,704)	3,383				$ (1,679)
Balances, as previously reported and effect of reverse recapitalization (in Shares)		9,122,996
Balances as previously reported and effect of reverse recapitalization	(880,710)	$ 912	19,654,042	(77,841)	(20,457,823)
Beneficial conversion feature - convertible debenture	427,796		427,796
Conversion of convertible debenture (in Shares)		544,178
Conversion of convertible debenture	3,999,435	$ 54	3,999,381
Repurchase of shares (in Shares)		(600,000)
Repurchase of common stock from EDF	(6,000,000)	$ (60)	(5,999,940)
Assumption of private warrant liability from Newborn	(1,253,228)		(1,253,228)
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption of issuance costs (in Shares)		8,060,418
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption of $18,629 and issuance costs of $5,979,675	51,751,363	$ 806	51,750,557
Issuance of common shares (in Shares)		208,532
Issuance of common shares	2,085,320	$ 21	2,085,299
PIPE offering, less issuance costs (in Shares)		1,425,000
PIPE offering, less issuance costs of $2,500	14,247,500	$ 143	14,247,357
Proceeds from forward option put exercise	(2,000,000)		(2,000,000)
Stock-based compensation	262,105		262,105
Currency translation adjustment	116,749			116,749
Net loss	(5,361,720)				(5,361,720)
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2021		18,761,124					0
Balance at Mar. 31, 2021	57,394,610	$ 1,876	83,173,369	38,908	(25,819,543)		$ 0
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		26,162,122					16,789,088
Balances at Dec. 31, 2020	(880,710)	$ 2,616	19,650,659	(77,841)	(20,457,823)		$ 1,679
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Currency translation adjustment	96,603
Net loss	(11,549,026)
Balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2021		18,626,624					0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	94,830,025	$ 1,863	126,816,249	18,762	(32,006,849)		$ 0
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2020		26,162,122					16,789,088
Balances at Dec. 31, 2020	(880,710)	$ 2,616	19,650,659	(77,841)	(20,457,823)		$ 1,679
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net loss	27,200,000
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		18,861,130
Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	79,268,764	$ 1,888	127,138,504	113,446	(47,412,470)	$ (572,604)
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2021		18,761,124					0
Balances at Mar. 31, 2021	57,394,610	$ 1,876	83,173,369	38,908	(25,819,543)		$ 0
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Repurchase of shares (in Shares)		(134,500)
Repurchase of common stock from EDF	0	$ (13)	13
Issuance of common shares (in Shares)		0
Issuance of common shares	0
Stock-based compensation	1,090,603		1,090,603
Additional merger recapitalization costs	(265,736)		(265,736)
Issuance of warranties to Stonepeak and Evolve	30,234,000		30,234,000
Issuance of options to purchase shares of common stock to Stonepeak and Evolve	12,584,000		12,584,000
Currency translation adjustment	(20,146)			(20,146)
Net loss	(6,187,306)				(6,187,306)
Balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2021		18,626,624					0
Balance at Jun. 30, 2021	94,830,025	$ 1,863	126,816,249	18,762	(32,006,849)		$ 0
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		18,861,130
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021	79,268,764	$ 1,888	127,138,504	113,446	(47,412,470)	(572,604)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)		30,370
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock	3	$ 3
Stock-based compensation	1,455,641		1,455,641
Currency translation adjustment	(13,684)			(13,684)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	(64,015)					(64,015)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(161,466)					(161,466)
Net loss	(9,074,261)				(8,973,328)	(100,933)
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		18,891,500
Balance at Mar. 31, 2022	71,410,982	$ 1,891	128,594,145	99,762	(56,385,798)	(899,018)
Balances (in Shares) at Dec. 31, 2021		18,861,130
Balances at Dec. 31, 2021	79,268,764	$ 1,888	127,138,504	113,446	(47,412,470)	(572,604)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Currency translation adjustment	(39,998)
Net loss	(62,429,209)
Balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		19,709,763
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	23,470,395	$ 1,986	134,261,487	73,448	(107,629,843)	(3,236,683)
Balances (in Shares) at Mar. 31, 2022		18,891,500
Balances at Mar. 31, 2022	71,410,982	$ 1,891	128,594,145	99,762	(56,385,798)	(899,018)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock (in shares)		360,018
Exercise of stock options and vesting of restricted stock	173,625	$ 50	173,575
Issuance of common shares (in Shares)		323,746
Issuance of common shares	1,859,685	$ 32	1,859,653
Proceeds from forward option put exercise (in Shares)		134,499
Proceeds from forward option put exercise	1,994,072	$ 13	1,994,059
Stock-based compensation	1,640,055		1,640,055
Currency translation adjustment	(26,314)			(26,314)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	(65,296)
Accretion on redeemable non-controlling interests preferred shares	(161,466)
Net loss	(53,354,948)				(51,244,045)	(2,110,903)
Balances (in Shares) at Jun. 30, 2022		19,709,763
Balance at Jun. 30, 2022	$ 23,470,395	$ 1,986	$ 134,261,487	$ 73,448	$ (107,629,843)	$ (3,236,683)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) (Unaudited) (Parenthetical)	3 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Statement of Stockholders' Equity [Abstract]
Merger recapitalization, net of share redemption	$ 18,629
Issuance costs	5,979,675
Less issuance costs	$ 2,500

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Operating activities
Net loss	$ (53,354,948)	$ (9,074,261)	$ (6,187,306)	$ (5,361,720)	$ (62,429,209)	$ (11,549,026)	$ 27,200,000	$ 4,900,000
Adjustments to reconcile to net loss to net cash used in operating activities
Depreciation and amortization					137,755	81,874
Share-based compensation					3,357,859	1,352,708
Write-off of deferred financing costs	43,562,847		0		43,562,847	0
Beneficial conversion feature on convertible debenture					0	427,796
Accretion of discount on convertible debenture					0	116,147
Change in fair value of warrants liability	(251,000)		351,602		(684,000)	(70,228)
Change in fair value of derivative liability					(20,936)	0
Loss on disposal of asset					0	1,381
Gain on extinguishment of PPP Loan					0	(492,100)
Noncash lease expense					283,251	(1,003)
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable					(74,278)	(139,140)
Inventory					322,156	(3,164,653)
Prepaid expenses and other assets					(1,462,221)	(2,209,159)
Accounts payable					(2,409,448)	330,890
Accrued expenses					(684,517)	1,595,165
Deferred revenue					79,576	305,922
Net cash used in operating activities					(20,021,165)	(13,413,426)
Investing activities
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment					0	7,969
Purchase of property and equipment					(317,225)	0
Investments					(1,000,000)	0
Net cash (used) provided in investing activities					(1,317,225)	7,969
Financing activities
Proceeds from Newborn Escrow Account					0	58,184,461
Redemption of Newborn shares					0	(18,629)
Issuance costs related to reverse recapitalization and PIPE offering					0	(3,970,657)
Proceeds from PIPE offering					0	14,250,000
Repayment of Newborn sponsor loans					0	(487,500)
Repurchase of common stock from EDF					0	(6,000,000)
Newborn cash acquired					0	50,206
Purchase of stock from investor					0	(2,000,000)
Payment of financing costs					0	(531,527)
Proceeds from forward option put exercise					1,994,073	0
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs					1,859,685	0
Payment of finance lease Obligations					(4,425)	(1,989)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options					173,575	0
Net cash (used) provided in financing activities					4,022,908	59,474,365
Effect of exchange rate on cash					(54,796)	98,193
Net increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash					(17,370,278)	46,167,101
Cash and restricted cash at beginning of year		$ 32,740,520		$ 2,275,895	32,740,520	2,275,895	2,275,895
Cash and restricted cash at end of period	$ 15,370,242		$ 48,442,996		15,370,242	48,442,996	$ 32,740,520	$ 2,275,895
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Financing Activity
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock					0	1,679
Conversion of debenture and accrued interest to common shares					0	3,999,435
Conversion of shares due to reverse recapitalization					0	3,383
Issuance of common stock for merger success fee					0	2,085,299
Non-cash merger transaction costs					0	2,085,299
Accrued transaction costs related to reverse recapitalization					0	189,434
Issuance of private warrants					0	1,253,228
Forgiveness of PPP Loan					0	492,100
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve warrants					0	27,640,000
Issuance of Stonepeak and Evolve options					0	12,584,000
Transfer of Inventory to property and equipment					$ 87,095	$ 0

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Organization and Description of Business

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Organization and Description of Business

Organization and Description of Business

Description of Business

Nuvve Holding Corp., a Delaware corporation headquartered in San Diego, California (the “Company” or “Nuvve”), was founded on November 10, 2020 under the laws of the state of Delaware. On March 19, 2021, the Company (at the time known as NB Merger Corp.) acquired the outstanding shares of Nuvve Corporation (“Nuvve Corp.”), and the Company changed its name to Nuvve Holding Corp.

Structure of the Company

Nuvve has two wholly owned subsidiaries, Nuvve Corp. and Nuvve Co (Nuvve Japan). Nuvve Corp. has three wholly owned subsidiaries: (1) Nuvve Denmark ApS, (“Nuvve Denmark”), a company registered in Denmark, (2) Nuvve SaS, a company registered in France, and (3) Nuvve LTD, a company registered in United Kingdom. In March 2020, following the establishment of its investment in Dreev S.A.S. ('Dreev") in 2019 (Note 6), the Company ceased operations of its subsidiary, Nuvve SaS in France. The two employees of Nuvve SaS resigned from the Company in March 2020 and were concurrently hired by Dreev. Financial results for Nuvve SaS are included in the Company’s financial results through the cessation of operations.

On August 4, 2021, the Company formed Levo Mobility LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Levo"), with Stonepeak Rocket Holdings LP, a Delaware limited partnership ("Stonepeak"), and Evolve Transition Infrastructure LP, a Delaware limited partnership ("Evolve"). Levo is a consolidated entity of the Company. Please see Note 2 for the principles of consolidation.

Levo is a sustainable infrastructure company focused on rapidly advancing the electrification of transportation by funding V2G-enabled EV fleet deployments as of June 30, 2022. Levo utilizes Nuvve’s V2G technology and committed capital from Stonepeak and Evolve to offer Fleet-as-a-Service for school buses, last-mile delivery, ride hailing and ride sharing, municipal services, and more to eliminate the primary barriers to EV fleet adoption including large upfront capital investments and lack of expertise in securing and managing EVs and associated charging infrastructure.

Levo's turnkey solution simplifies and streamlines electrification, can lower the total cost of EV operation for fleet owners, and supports the grid when the EVs are not in use. For a fixed monthly payment with no upfront cost, Levo will provide the EVs, such as electric school buses, charging infrastructure powered by Nuvve’s V2G platform, EV and charging station maintenance, energy management, and technical advice.

Levo initially focuses on electrifying school buses, providing associated charging infrastructure, and delivering V2G services to enable safer and healthier transportation for children while supporting carbon dioxide emission reduction, renewable energy integration, and improved grid resiliency.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For a detailed discussion about the Company’s significant accounting policies, see Note 2, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 (the “2021 Form 10-K”).

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, there were no significant updates made to the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited (i) condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (ii) the unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Therefore, it is suggested that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes in the 2021 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the full year 2022 or any future period.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and has an accumulated deficit of $107.6 million as of June 30, 2022. Nuvve incurred net losses of approximately $62.4 million as of the six months ended June 30, 2022, and $27.2 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve had a cash balance, working capital, and stockholders’ equity of $14.9 million, $23.4 million and $23.5 million, respectively. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and may need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company's Grid Integrated Vehicle ("GIVe") platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure.

On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement in which the Company from time to time during the term of the sales agreement, offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. Shares of common stock sold under the sales agreement are offered and sold pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold 323,746 shares of common stock pursuant to the sales agreement at an average price of $6.12 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million. Additionally, during the month of July 2022, the Company sold 469,136 shares of common stock pursuant to the sales agreement at an average price of $4.17 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million.

In July 2022, the Company had a direct equity offering of its common stock. See Note 19 for details. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $14.0 million and net proceeds were $13.1 million.

The Company expects its cash and cash equivalents as of August 11, 2022 will be sufficient to fund current planned operations for at least the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Management's expectations with respect to its ability to fund current planned operations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could be different from management's estimates and should actual results be less favorable than these estimates management would ultimately need to take corrective steps to improve future operating results and its financial condition.

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities

Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company formed Levo with Stonepeak and Evolve, in which the Company owns 51% of Levo's common units. The Company has determined that Levo is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Levo and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by Stonepeak and Evolve.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and "Non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The Company began consolidating the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Levo during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

The creditors of the consolidated VIE do not have recourse to the Company other than to the assets of the consolidated VIEs. The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of Levo assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022:

	June 30, 2022
Assets
Cash	$	28,068
Deferred financing costs	—
Total Assets	$	28,068
Liabilities and Mezzanine Equity
Accrued expenses	$	212,071
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	491,012
Total Liabilities	$	703,083

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest - Mezzanine Equity

Redeemable non-controlling interest represents the shares of the preferred stock issued by Levo to Stonepeak and Evolve (the "preferred shareholders") who own 49% of Levo common units. The preferred stock is not mandatorily redeemable or currently redeemable, but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo, the preferred shareholders or a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. As a result of the contingent put right available to the preferred shareholders, the redeemable non-controlling interests in Levo are classified outside of permanent equity in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity. The initial carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the initial proceeds received on issuance date, reduced by the fair value of embedded derivatives resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value. The adjusted initial carrying value is further adjusted for the accretion of the difference with the redemption price value using the effective interest method. The accretion amount is a deemed dividend recorded against retained earnings or, in its absence, to additional-paid-in-capital. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is measured at the higher of the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period for income (or loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest, or the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period by the accretion amount. See Note 18 for details.

Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay complying with new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

COVID-19

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) which was declared a pandemic in March 2020, and the related restrictive measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, and shutdowns, has negatively impacted the global economy. As national and local governments in different countries ease COVID-19 restrictions, and vaccines are distributed and rolled out successfully, we continue to see improved economic trends. However, COVID-19 and actions taken to mitigate its spread have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which the Company operates. The Company continues to monitor the situation closely but, at this time, is unable to predict the cumulative impact, both in terms of severity and duration, that the coronavirus pandemic has and will have on its business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition, and it could be material if the current circumstances continue to exist for a prolonged period of time. In addition to any direct impact on Nuvve’s business, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made by management in preparing Nuvve’s financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of the on-going COVID-19 conditions.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, the fair value of notes payable conversion options, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables.

The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 three and two customers accounted for 54.9% and 58.8% of revenue, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 two and three customers in aggregate accounted for 48.6% and 56.4% of revenue, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 71.8% and 70.1%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 68.3% and 71.0%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue.

At June 30, 2022, two customers in aggregate accounted for 37.1% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2021, two customers in aggregate accounted for 32.2% of accounts receivable.

Approximately 58.5% and 56.0% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all probable bad debt losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Revenue Recognition

Bill-and-hold arrangements - The Company occasionally enter a bill and hold arrangements in which some customers request that billed products that are ready for delivery be held at our warehouse facility for them until shipment at a later date. In this instance, revenue is recognized when; 1) the risks of ownership, including title, have passed to the customer, 2) the product must be identified separately as belonging to the customer, 3) the product currently must be ready for physical transfer to the customer, and 4) the Company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs consist of direct and incremental costs incurred and fees paid for a commitment to obtain financing. As the commitment amount is funded, the carrying amount of the deferred financing costs is reduced and the amount is charged to additional-paid-in-capital. The deferred financing cost will be impaired if it becomes probable that funding of the commitment amount will not occur.

The Company recorded an impairment charge of $43.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The impairment charge was driven by a write-off of deferred financing costs associated with the carrying value of warrants and stock options granted to Stonepeak and Evolve in May 2021 in return for their capital commitment to fund up to $750 million in V2Genabled EV fleet deployments of school buses through Levo. The Company impaired the deferred financing costs during the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily because it has not entered into fleet as a service customer contracts requiring preferred capital commitments from Stonepeak and Levo in excess of $43.6 million within one year of the deferred financing costs being capitalized. The impairment charge is non-cash and does not impact the existing capital commitment we have from Stonepeak and Evolve or the pursuit of customer deployments funded by this capital commitment. Note 19 of the Company's 2021 Form 10-K further describes the terms of the capital commitment with Stonepeak and Evolve.

Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

Investments in equity securities of nonpublic entities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company reviews its equity securities without readily determinable fair values on a regular basis to determine if the investment is impaired. For purposes of this assessment, the Company considers the investee’s cash position, earnings and revenue outlook, liquidity, and management ownership, among other factors, in its review. If management’s assessment indicates that an impairment exists, the Company estimates the fair value of the equity investment and recognizes in current earnings an impairment loss that is equal to the difference between the fair value of the equity investment and its carrying amount.

In June 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch EV Ltd ("Switch"), a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom for a future equity ownership. Since Switch is a nonpublic entity, there is no readily determinable fair value. As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s investment in Switch was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on its investment during the quarter ended June 30, 2022.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

None.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced its estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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Revenue Recognition

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

The disclosures below discuss the Company’s material revenue contracts.

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service lines for the three and six months ended June 30:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue recognized over time:
Services	$	73,522	$	363,366	$	268,172	$	530,611
Grants	233,698		214,814		350,947		701,943
Products	994,507		403,150		3,053,641		547,808
Total revenue	$	1,301,727	$	981,330	$	3,672,760	$	1,780,362

The aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts and grants with customers as of June 30, 2022 expected to be recognized in the future, and classified as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated Balance Sheet, for years ended December 31, is as follows (this disclosure does not include revenue related to contracts whose original expected duration is one year or less):

2022 (remaining six months)	$	138,399
Thereafter	643,523
Total	$	781,922

Segment Reporting

The Company operates in a single business segment, which is the EV V2G Charging segment. The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:
United States	$	1,125,586	$	812,796	$	3,353,976	$	1,404,627
United Kingdom	99,995		113,703		137,385		254,989
Denmark	76,146		54,831		181,399		120,746
	$	1,301,727	$	981,330	$	3,672,760	$	1,780,362

The following table summarizes the Company’s long-lived assets in different geographic locations as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	1,915,685	$	1,811,607
Denmark	20,827		25,664
	$	1,936,512	$	1,837,271

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Fair Value Measurements

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Measurements

Fair Value Measurements

The following are the liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2022 using quoted price in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at June 30, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	182,000	$	182,000	$	251,000	$	684,000
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	—		—		491,012		491,012		(32,536)		20,936
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	673,012	$	673,012	$	218,464	$	704,936

The following is a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances for the liabilities related to the private warrants (Note 11) and derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Private Warrants		Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	866,000	$	511,948
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(433,000)		(53,472)
Balance at March 31, 2022	433,000		458,476
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(251,000)		32,536
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	182,000	$	491,012

The fair value of the level 3 Private Warrants was estimated at June 30, 2022 using the Black-Scholes model which used the following inputs: term of 3.72 years, risk free rate of 3.0%, no dividends, volatility of 67.0%, and strike price of $11.50.

The fair value of the level 3 derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares are estimated at June 30, 2022 using the Monte Carlo Simulation model which used the following inputs: terms range from 2.09 years years to 7.0 years, risk free rate of 3.0%, no dividends, volatility of 57.0% and probability of redemptions triggered of 75.0%.

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy in 2022 and 2021.

Cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses are generally carried on the cost basis, which management believes approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.

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Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. Separation of the redemption features as a derivative liability is required because its economic characteristics and risks are considered more akin to a debt instrument, and therefore, not considered to be clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the redeemable preferred stock. The economic characteristics of the redemption features are considered more akin to an debt instrument because the minimum redemption value could be greater than the face amount, the redemption features are contingently exercisable, and the shares carry a fixed mandatory dividend.

Accordingly, the Company has recorded an embedded derivative liability representing the estimated fair value of the right of the holders to exercise their redemption option upon the occurrence of a redemption event. The embedded derivative liability is adjusted to reflect fair value at each period end with changes in fair value recorded in the “Change in fair value of derivative liability” financial statement line item of the company’s consolidated statements of operations. For additional information on the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock, see Note 18.

The following table display the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	491,012	$	511,948

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Investments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Investments [Abstract]

Investment in Dreev

Investments

The Company accounts for its 13% equity ownership in Dreev as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company has a consulting services agreement with Dreev related to software development and operations. The consulting services were zero for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. The consulting services are being provided to Dreev at the Company’s cost and is recognized, net of consulting costs, as other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

In accordance with an advanced subscription agreement dated June 6, 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch, a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom for a future equity ownership expected be more or less than 5% subject to final valuations. Switch will automatically award the Company the equity ownership with conversion shares in equity upon its completion of either a financing round, company sale or IPO, or dissolution event. The Company is expected to account for the investment as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company and Switch intends to collaborate in the future to integrate technologies for the advancement of V2G.

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Account Receivables, Net

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Account Receivables, Net

Account Receivables, Net

The following tables summarizes the Company's accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Trade receivables		$	2,021,844	$	1,949,896
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(63,188)		(63,188)
	Accounts receivable, net	$	1,958,656	$	1,886,708
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
	Balance December 31, 2021	$	(63,188)
	Provision	—
	Write-off	—
	Recoveries	—
	Balance June 30, 2022	$	(63,188)

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Inventories

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Inventories

Inventories

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
DC Chargers	$	8,852,624	$	7,687,598
AC Chargers	214,486		232,920
Vehicles - School Buses (1)	1,620,000		3,180,000
Others	108,922		17,670
Total	$	10,796,032	$	11,118,188

__________________

(1)As of June 30, 2022, the Company has taken delivery of ten school buses it has committed to purchase from the manufacturer within one year from the purchase order date of May 26, 2021. Five school buses were sold during first quarter ended March 31, 2022.

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Property, Plant and Equipment

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Computers & Servers	$	126,931	$	105,499
Vehicles	168,862		168,862
Office furniture and equipment	332,007		161,771
Others	131,607		6,050
Total	759,407		442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation	(158,861)		(85,988)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	600,546	$	356,194
	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2021
Depreciation expense	$	62,265	$	12,147

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Intangible Assets

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Intangible Assets

Intangible Assets

At both June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had recorded a gross intangible asset balance of $2,091,556, which is related to patent and intangible property rights acquired. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $34,860 each for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $69,720 each for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Accumulated amortization totaled $680,200 and $610,480 at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The net amount of intangible assets of $1,411,358 at June 30, 2022, will be amortized over the weighted average remaining life of 10.4 years.

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2022 (remaining six months)	$	69,719
2023	139,437
2024	139,437
2025	139,437
2026	139,437
Thereafter	783,891
	$	1,411,358

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Stockholders’ Equity

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Stockholders’ Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

As of June 30, 2022, the Company has authorized two classes of stock, Common Stock, and Preferred Stock. The total number of shares of all classes of capital stock which the Company has authority to issue is 101,000,000, of which 100,000,000 authorized shares are Common Stock with a par value of $0.0001 per share (“Common Stock”), and 1,000,000 authorized shares are Preferred Stock of the par value of $0.0001 per share (“Preferred Stock”). Please see Note 12, “Stockholders' Equity,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Company’s stockholders' equity. Additionally, see Note 19, “Levo Mobility LLC Entity,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the Company’s 2021 Form 10-K for a detailed discussion of the Company’s Stonepeak and Evolve Warrants and Securities Purchase agreement, and Levo definitive agreements.

Shelf Registration and At the Market Offering

On April 25, 2022, the Company filed a shelf registration statement with the SEC which will allow it to issue unspecified amounts of common stock, preferred stock, warrants for the purchase of shares of common stock or preferred stock, debt securities, and units consisting of any combination of any of the foregoing securities, in one or more series, from time to time and in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $100.0 million. The shelf registration statement was declared effective on May 5, 2022. The Company believes that it will be able to raise capital by issuing securities pursuant to its effective shelf registration statement.

On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement, with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC and Chardan Capital Markets, LLC (the "Agent"). From time to time during the term of the Sales Agreement, the Company may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. The Agents will collect a fee equal to 3% of the gross sales price of all shares of common stock sold. Shares of common stock sold under the Sales Agreement are offered and sold pursuant to our shelf registration statement describe above. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold 323,746 shares of common stock pursuant to the Sales Agreement at an average price of $6.12 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million.

Warrants - Stonepeak and Evolve

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of a letter of agreement, relating to the formation of Levo (the "Letter Agreement"), the Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve a ten years warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the warrants issued to Stonepeak and Evolve were; series B $12.8 million, series C $5.6 million, series D $4.8 million, series E $3.8 million and series F $3.2 million. The fair values of the warrants are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in additional-paid-in capital in stockholders' equity as the warrants are indexed to the Company’s common stock and meet the conditions for equity classification, and deferred financing costs. The carrying amount of the deferred financing costs is reduced as the commitment amount is funded, and the reduction amount is charged to additional-paid-in capital. As of June 30, 2022, the commitment funded of $3.2 million has reduced the deferred financing costs, and charged to additional-paid-in capital. Additionally, as of June 30, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the carrying value on the balance sheet of $31.0 million. See Note 2 for details.

In connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, the Company issued to Stonepeak and Evolve the following ten years warrants to purchase common stock (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve):

•Series B warrants to purchase 2,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $10.00 per share, which are fully vested upon issuance,

•Series C warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $15.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $125 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

•Series D warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $20.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $250 million in aggregate capital expenditures,

•Series E warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $30.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $375 million in aggregate capital expenditures, and

•Series F warrants to purchase 1,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $40.00 per share, which are vested as to 50% of the shares upon issuance and vest as to the remaining 50% when Levo has entered into contracts with third parties for $500 million in aggregate capital expenditures.

The warrants may be exercised at any time on or after the date that is 180 days after the applicable vesting date.

Warrants - Public and Private

In connection with its initial public offering on February 19, 2020, Newborn sold 5,750,000 units, which included one warrant to purchase Newborn’s common stock (the “Public Warrants”). Also, on February 19, 2020, NeoGenesis Holding Co., Ltd., Newborn’s sponsor (“the Sponsor”), purchased an aggregate of 272,500 private units, each of which included one warrant (the “Private Warrants”), which have the same terms as the Public Warrants. Upon completion of the merger between Nuvve and Newborn, the Public Warrants and Private Warrants were automatically converted to warrants to purchase Common Stock of the Company.

The terms of the Private Warrants are identical to the Public Warrants as described above, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable so long as they are held by the Sponsor or its permitted transferees. Concurrently with the execution of the Merger Agreement on November 11, 2020, Newborn entered into subscription agreements with certain accredited investors pursuant to which the investors agreed to purchase 1,425,000 of Newborn’s common stock, at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $14,250,000 (the "PIPE"). Upon closing of the PIPE immediately prior to the closing of the Business Combination, the PIPE investors also received 1.9 PIPE Warrants to purchase the Company’s Common Stock for each share of Common Stock purchased. The PIPE Warrants are each exercisable for one-half of a common share at $11.50 per share and have the same terms as described above for the Public Warrants. The PIPE investors received demand and piggyback registration rights in connection with the securities issued to them.

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at June 30, 2022 (there were no warrants outstanding at December 31, 2021):

	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price	Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	136,250	$11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B	2,000,000	2,000,000	$10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C	1,000,000	500,000	$15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D	1,000,000	500,000	$20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E	1,000,000	500,000	$30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F	1,000,000	500,000	$40.00	May 17, 2031
	10,365,000	8,365,000

Because the Private Warrants have dissimilar terms with respect to the Company’s redemption rights depending on the holder of the Private Warrants, the Company determined that the Private Warrants are required to be carried as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The Private Warrants are reflected as a liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022 in the amount of $182,000 and the change in the fair value of the Private Warrants for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 of is reflected as a gain of $251,000 and $684,000, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

Unit Purchase Option

On February 19, 2020, Newborn sold to the underwriters of its initial public offering for $100, a unit purchase option ("UPO") to purchase up to a total of 316,250 units at $11.50 per unit (or an aggregate exercise price of $3,636,875) commencing on the date of Newborn's initial business combination, March 19, 2021, and expiring February 13, 2025. Each unit issuable upon exercise of the UPO consists of one and one-tenth of a share of the Company's common stock and one warrant to purchase one share of the Company's common stock at the exercise price of $11.50 per share. The warrant has the same terms as the Public Warrant. In no event will the Company be required to net cash settle the exercise of the UPO or the warrants underlying the UPO. The holders of the unit purchase option have demand and "piggy back" registration rights for periods of five and seven years, respectively, from the effective date of the IPO, including securities directly and indirectly issuable upon exercise of the unit purchase option. The UPO is classified within stockholders’ equity as “additional paid-in capital” in accordance with ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity, as the UPO is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification.

Securities Purchase Agreement

On May 17, 2021, in connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Stonepeak and Evolve which provide them from time to time between November 13, 2021 and November 17, 2028, in their sole discretion, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $50.00 per share (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). See below for details. The grant-date fair value of the Securities Purchase Agreement to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock was $12.6 million, and is recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as equity in additional-paid-in capital as it is indexed to the Company’s common stock and meets the conditions for equity classification, and deferred financing costs. The carrying amount of the deferred financing costs is reduced as the commitment amount is funded, and the amount is charged to additional-paid-in capital. As of June 30, 2022, the Company recorded an impairment charge of the carrying value on the balance sheet of $12.6 million. See Note 2 for details.

In connection with the signing of the Letter Agreement, as reference above, the Company also entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement (the “SPA”) and a Registration Rights Agreement (the “RRA”) with Stonepeak and Evolve.

•Under the SPA, from time to time between November 13, 2021 and November 17, 2028, Stonepeak and Evolve may elect, in their sole discretion, to purchase up to an aggregate of $250 million in shares of the Company’s common stock at a purchase price of $50.00 per share (allocated 90% to Stonepeak and 10% to Evolve). The SPA includes customary representations and warranties and closing conditions and customary indemnification provisions. In addition, Stonepeak and Evolve may elect to purchase shares under the SPA on a cashless basis in the event of a change of control of the Company.

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Stock Option Plan

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock Option Plan

Stock Option Plan

In 2010, the Company adopted the 2010 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2010 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. In November 2020, the Company’s Board of Directors extended the term of the 2010 Plan to July 1, 2021. In 2021, the Company adopted the 2020 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which provides for the grant of restricted stock awards, incentive and non-statutory stock options, and other share-based awards to employees, consultants, and directors. As of June 30, 2022, there is an aggregate of 3,300,000 common shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan. All options granted to date have a ten years contractual life and vesting terms of four years. In general, vested options expire if not exercised at termination of service. As of June 30, 2022, a total of 1,262,865 shares of common stock remained available for future issuance under the 2020 Plan.

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30 are as follows

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Options	$	548,652	$	810,738	$	1,370,758	$	1,063,008
Restricted stock	1,187,254		258,137		1,801,093		267,972
Total	$	1,735,906	$	1,068,875	$	3,171,851	$	1,330,980

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022 for the 2010 Plan and the 2020 Plan.

	2010 Plan		2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years) (1)	6.1		6.1
Dividend yield (2)	0	%	0	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	2.00	%	2.00	%
Volatility (4)	54.1	%	54.1	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(2)No cash dividends have been declared on the Company’s common stock since the Company’s inception, and the Company currently does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends over the expected life of the options.

(3)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(4)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to Reverse Recapitalization, for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,035,035	3.21	5.90	5,688,201
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	(42,729)	2.42	—	—
Forfeited	(36,065)	7.61	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(5,310)	1.37	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	950,931	3.09	5.24	2,264,735
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was zero.

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,602,850	13.18	9.27	46,920
Granted	121,100	6.87	9.86	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	(128,450)	10.18	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(1,250)	8.25	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	1,594,250	12.84	8.83	—
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of options granted during the six months ended June 30, 2022 was $3.55.

During the year ended December 31, 2021 1,640,000 options were modified to lower the exercise price by $0.60 per share, which will result in $246,000 of incremental compensation cost to be recognized over the remaining vesting period. The amount of additional compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, were $25,459 and $45,158, respectively. The amount of additional compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, were $21,728 for both periods.

Other Information:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Amount received from option exercised	$	173,575	$	—
	June 30, 2022				Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$	7,767,742			2.80

No amounts relating to the Plan have been capitalized. Compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period based on the fair value of the options.

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	353,817	11.00
Granted	134,575	6.16
Vested/Release	(202,141)	11.15
Cancelled/Forfeited	(6,294)	9.93
Nonvested and Outstanding at June 30, 2022	279,957	8.60

As of June 30, 2022, there was $1,668,498 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 1.9 years.

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Income Taxes

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	—		$	1,000		$	—		$	1,000
Effective tax rate	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%

The effective tax rate used for interim periods is the estimated annual effective tax rate, based on current estimate of full year results, except that taxes related to specific events, if any, are recorded in the interim period in which they occur. The effective tax rate differed from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily due to operating losses that receive no tax benefit as a result of a valuation allowance recorded for such losses.

The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Under the provisions of ASC 740, management is required to evaluate whether a valuation allowance should be established against its deferred tax assets. The Company currently has a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets. As of each reporting date, the Company’s management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred tax assets. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, there was no material change from the year ended December 31, 2021 in the amount of the Company’s deferred tax assets that are not considered to be more likely than not to be realized in future years.

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders	$	(51,470,807)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(60,669,615)	$	(11,549,026)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	19,064,854		18,668,009		18,965,167		14,560,862
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(2.70)	$	(0.33)	$	(3.20)	$	(0.79)

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Stock options issued and outstanding	2,688,173	2,505,711	2,858,756	1,792,556
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	869,945	677,543	867,793	582,148
Public warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	1,627,060
Private warrants	136,250	136,250	136,250	77,109
PIPE warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	766,133
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	6,000,000	2,901,099	6,000,000	1,450,549
Stonepeak and Evolve options	5,000,000	2,417,582	5,000,000	1,208,791
Total	18,923,118	12,866,935	19,091,549	7,504,346

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Related Parties

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Parties

Related Parties

As described in Note 6, the Company holds equity interests in and provides certain consulting services to Dreev, an entity in which a stockholder of the Company owns the other portion of Dreev’s equity interests.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 the Company recognized revenue of zero and $28,000, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recognized revenue of $252,000 and $399,620, respectively, from an entity that is an investor in the Company. The Company had a balance of accounts receivable of zero at June 30, 2022 from the same entity that is an investor in the Company.

Equity Forward Purchase

Pursuant to a letter agreement dated April 23, 2021, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer committed to purchase from the Company, and the Company committed to sell to them, 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of $2,000,000. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer had fulfilled their obligations and had purchased from Nuvve a total of 134,499 shares of the Company’s common stock for $14.87 per share or a total of approximately $2,000,000.

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Leases

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Leases

The Company has entered into leases for commercial office spaces and vehicles. These leases are not unilaterally cancellable by the Company, are legally enforceable, and specify fixed or minimum amounts. The leases expire at various dates through 2026 and provide for renewal options. In the normal course of business, it is expected that these leases will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties.

The leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments based on defined increases in the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain minimum increases. Also, the agreements generally require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs.

On November 3, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of its Main Office Lease to include an additional 4,811 rentable square feet in the suite adjoining its main office facilities in San Diego, California. The lease term will run concurrently with the main office lease which commenced in December 2021. The lease terms include 3% annual fixed increases in the base rental payment. The lease also requires the Company to pay operating expenses such as utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs. The lease term commenced on April 15, 2022, and the Company will receive two months of rental abatement to the base rent.

Supplemental unaudited consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	June 30, 2022
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,195,474
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	20,827
Total lease assets		$	5,216,301
Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	455,064
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,053,219
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	7,022
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	15,120
Total lease liabilities		$	5,530,425

The components of lease expense are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	164,076	$	33,396	$	340,597	$	91,827
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	1,451		2,190		7,391		2,190
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense	599		510		1,238		510
Total lease expense		$	166,126	$	36,096	$	349,226	$	94,527

	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
2022	$	127,621	$	3,511
2023	792,918		7,022
2024	824,712		7,022
2025	822,352		7,022
2026	847,022		—
Thereafter	4,631,866		1,755
Total lease payments	8,046,491		26,332
Less: interest	(2,538,208)		(4,190)
Total lease obligations	$	5,508,283	$	22,142

Lease term and discount rate:

	June 30, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.5
Finance lease	3.8
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%

Other Information:

	Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	80,869	$	94,818
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	1,238	$	510
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	4,425	$	1,989
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	20,827	$	29,977
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

In April 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with certain local San Diego companies to sublease the Company's portion of the 4,811 square foot expansion. The term of the sublease is six months to twelve months with fixed base rental income of $2,250 per month. The sublease has no option for renewal or extension at the end of the sublease term.

Sublease income are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	20,125	$	—	$	20,125	$	—

Leases

Leases

The Company has entered into leases for commercial office spaces and vehicles. These leases are not unilaterally cancellable by the Company, are legally enforceable, and specify fixed or minimum amounts. The leases expire at various dates through 2026 and provide for renewal options. In the normal course of business, it is expected that these leases will be renewed or replaced by leases on other properties.

The leases provide for increases in future minimum annual rental payments based on defined increases in the Consumer Price Index, subject to certain minimum increases. Also, the agreements generally require the Company to pay real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs.

On November 3, 2021, the Company entered into an amendment of its Main Office Lease to include an additional 4,811 rentable square feet in the suite adjoining its main office facilities in San Diego, California. The lease term will run concurrently with the main office lease which commenced in December 2021. The lease terms include 3% annual fixed increases in the base rental payment. The lease also requires the Company to pay operating expenses such as utilities, real estate taxes, insurance, and repairs. The lease term commenced on April 15, 2022, and the Company will receive two months of rental abatement to the base rent.

Supplemental unaudited consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	June 30, 2022
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,195,474
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	20,827
Total lease assets		$	5,216,301
Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	455,064
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,053,219
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	7,022
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	15,120
Total lease liabilities		$	5,530,425

The components of lease expense are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	164,076	$	33,396	$	340,597	$	91,827
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	1,451		2,190		7,391		2,190
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense	599		510		1,238		510
Total lease expense		$	166,126	$	36,096	$	349,226	$	94,527

	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
2022	$	127,621	$	3,511
2023	792,918		7,022
2024	824,712		7,022
2025	822,352		7,022
2026	847,022		—
Thereafter	4,631,866		1,755
Total lease payments	8,046,491		26,332
Less: interest	(2,538,208)		(4,190)
Total lease obligations	$	5,508,283	$	22,142

Lease term and discount rate:

	June 30, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.5
Finance lease	3.8
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%

Other Information:

	Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	80,869	$	94,818
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	1,238	$	510
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	4,425	$	1,989
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	20,827	$	29,977
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Sublease

In April 2022, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with certain local San Diego companies to sublease the Company's portion of the 4,811 square foot expansion. The term of the sublease is six months to twelve months with fixed base rental income of $2,250 per month. The sublease has no option for renewal or extension at the end of the sublease term.

Sublease income are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	20,125	$	—	$	20,125	$	—

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Commitments and Contingencies

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Commitments and Contingencies

Commitments and Contingencies

(a)      Legal Matters

The Company is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering matters that arise in the ordinary course of its business activities, including product liability claims. Management believes that any liability that may ultimately result from the resolution of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or results of operations of the Company.

(b) Research Agreement

Effective September 1, 2016, the Company is party to a research agreement with a third party, which is also a Company stockholder, whereby the third party will perform research activity as specified annually by the Company. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company paid a minimum of $400,000 annually in equal quarterly installments. For the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, $200,000 each was paid under the research agreement, respectively. In October 2021, the agreement was renewed for one year through August 2022. At June 30, 2022, $66,667 remained to be paid under the renewed agreement.

(c) In-Licensing

The Company is a party to a licensing agreement for non-exclusive rights to intellectual property which will expire at the later of the date at which the last patent underlying the intellectual property expires or 20 years from the sale of the first licensed product. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate of $700,000 in royalties upon achievement of certain milestones. As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

In November 2017, the Company executed an agreement ("IP Acquisition Agreement") with the University of Delaware (Seller) whereby all right, title, and interest in the licensed intellectual property was assigned to the Company in exchange for an upfront fee of $500,000 and common shares valued at $1,491,556. The total acquisition cost of $1,991,556 was capitalized and is being amortized over the fifteen years expected life of the patents underlying the intellectual property. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:

Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000	750,000
40,000	750,000
60,000	750,000
80,000	750,000
100,000	1,000,000
200,000	1,000,000
250,000	2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

The Seller will retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license, to utilize the intellectual property solely for research and education purposes. As of June 30, 2022, no royalty expenses had been incurred under this agreement.

(d) Investment

The Company is committed to possible future additional contributions to the Investment in Dreev (Note 6) in the amount of $270,000.

(e)    Purchase Commitments

On July 20, 2021, Nuvve issued a purchase order (“PO”) to its supplier for a quantity of DC Chargers, for a total price of $13.2 million, with the delivery date specified as the week of November 15, 2021. However, the supplier subsequently notified Nuvve that it would be unable to meet the contracted delivery date as a result of supply chain issues. The parties therefore agreed to change the delivery date to on or about December 15, 2021. As of the end of June 30, 2022, Nuvve received a partial shipment of the DC Chargers, for which Nuvve paid $5.3 million. The delivered DC Chargers did not fully conform to required software and hardware specifications. As of June 30, 2022, the supplier is still in the process of bringing the delivered DC Chargers into full conformance. In April 2022, the parties agreed to address the technical issues necessary to bring the DC charges into full conformity with specifications, and to amend the mix defined in original PO for the delivery of the remaining DC Chargers still subject to the original PO.

No amendments to the original PO have been executed. To the extent Nuvve and the supplier are unable to align on mutually agreeable terms to resolve the dispute relating to the PO, Nuvve believes it has no obligation to purchase or accept delivery against the PO given that the supplier failed to timely deliver conforming DC Chargers in accordance with the stated PO terms. The supplier asserts, however, that the original PO was non-cancellable and non-refundable regardless of when in the future the chargers are delivered, and regardless of any non-conformance. Nuvve believes the supplier’s position does not have merit and Nuvve would exercise all available rights and remedies in its defense should any legal proceeding result from such dispute. The outcome of any such proceeding would be inherently uncertain, and the amount and/or timing of any liability or expense resulting from such a proceeding is not reasonably estimable at this time.

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Non-Controlling Interest

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Non-Controlling Interest

Non-Controlling Interest

For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.

Levo Series B Redeemable Preferred Stock

Levo is authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of series B preferred stock at no par value.

The Series B Preferred Stock (a) pays a dividend, when, as and if declared by Levo's Board of Directors, of 8.0% per annum of the stated value per share, payable quarterly in arrears, (b) has an initial stated value of $1,000 per share, and dividends are paid in cash. Levo accrues for undeclared and unpaid dividends as they are payable in accordance with the terms of the Certificate of Designations filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware. At June 30, 2022, Levo had accrued preferred dividends of $192,071 on 3,138 issued and outstanding shares of Series B Preferred Stock. Series B Preferred Stock is not a participating or convertible securities. Series B Preferred Stock is not currently redeemable but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo or the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. Since the redeemable preferred stock may be redeemed by the preferred shareholders or upon the occurrence of a trigger event that is not solely within the control of Levo, but is not mandatorily redeemable; therefore, based on its characteristics, Levo has classified the Series B Preferred Stock as mezzanine equity.

At June 30, 2022, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:

Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Stated Value per Share		Initial Carrying Value		Accrued Preferred Dividends		Liquidation Preference
1,000,000	3,138	$	1,000	$	3,138,000	$	192,071	$	3,330,071

The Company has determined that the redemption features embedded in the non-controlling redeemable preferred stock is required to be accounted for separately from the redeemable preferred stock as a derivative liability. See Note 5 for detail disclosure of the derivative liability.

The redeemable preferred stock has been classified as mezzanine equity and initially recognized at fair value of $3,138,000, the proceeds on the date of issuance. This amount has been further reduced by $497,606, the fair value of the embedded derivative liability at date of issuance, resulting in an adjusted initial value of $2,640,394. Levo is accreting the difference between the adjusted carrying initial value and the redemption price value over the seven-year period from date of issuance of August 4, 2021 through July 4, 2028 (the date at which the preferred shareholders have the unconditional right to redeem the shares, deemed to be the earliest likely redemption date) using the effective interest method. The accretion to the carrying value of the redeemable preferred stock is treated as a deemed dividend, recorded as a charge to retained earnings of Levo. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, Levo accreted $322,932 resulting in the carrying value of the the redeemable preferred stock of $3,208,358.

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022:

	June 30, 2022
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests as of June 30, 2022	$	(2,211,837)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests as of June 30, 2022	129,311
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022	322,932
Non-controlling interests	$	(2,664,080)

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as of June 30, 2022:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(2,110,903)	$	(2,211,837)

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Beginning balance - December 31, 2021	$	2,885,426
Preferred share Accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022	322,932
Ending balance - June 30, 2022	$	3,208,358

Profits Interests Units (Class D Incentive Units)

In April 2022, Levo issued Class D Incentive Units to certain key employees in the form of profits interests within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Service (“Profits Interests”). Any future distributions under the Profits Interests will only occur once distributions made to all other member units exceed a threshold amount. The Company performed an analysis of the key features of the Profits Interests to determine whether the nature of the Profits Interests are (a) an equity award which should be accounted for under ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation or (b) a bonus arrangement which should be accounted for under ASC 710, Compensation – General. Based on the features of the Profits Interests, the awards are considered stock compensation to be accounted for as equity. Accordingly, compensation expense for the Profits Interests will be recognized over the vesting period of the awards.

Subject to the grantee not incurring a termination prior to the applicable vesting date, the Incentive Units will vest as follows: (i) 80% of the Incentive Units will vest in equal 25.0% installments on each of the first four (4) anniversaries of the grant date (such that 80% of the total number of Incentive Units issued to the grantee hereunder will be vested on the fourth anniversary of the Grant Date) and (ii) the remaining 20% of the Incentive Units will vest upon a Change of Control. Therefore, the expenses recorded will only reflect the 80% vesting portion.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company recorded compensation expense under the Profits Interests of $140,850.

The Company uses the Monte Carlo Simulation model to estimate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units. Fair value is estimated at the date of grant for employee and nonemployee options. The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years) (1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate (2)	3.02	%
Volatility (3)	69.50	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(3)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at June 30, 2022	250,000	13.28

As of June 30, 2022, there was $2,698,822 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested Class D Incentive Units. The Company expects to recognize this compensation cost over a remaining weighted-average period of approximately 3.8 years.

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Subsequent Events

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Subsequent Events

Subsequent Events

Warehouse Lease

In July 2022, the Company entered into a lease agreement in Westland, Michigan for 10,000 square feet of warehouse space for the purpose of having its own controlled warehouse facility for its finished inventories. The term of the lease is 36 months with a fixed rent of $5,625 per month. There is an option to renew the lease for an additional 36 months, however it is not reasonably certain the Company will exercise the renewal. There is no option to purchase the premises at lease termination.

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows under new lease as of June 30, 2022:

2022	$	39,375
2023	67,500
2024	67,500
2025	28,125
Total lease payments	$	202,500

Securities Purchase Agreement, Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants

On July 27, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with a certain institutional and accredited investor (the “Purchaser”), relating to the issuance and sale of 2,150,000 shares (the “Shares”) of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Common Stock”), pre-funded warrants to purchase an aggregate of 1,850,000 shares of Common Stock (the “Pre-Funded Warrants”), and warrants (the “Warrants”) to purchase an aggregate of 4,000,000 shares of Common Stock in a registered direct offering (the “Offering”). The offering closed on July 29, 2022.

The offering price for the Shares, and accompanying Warrants, was $3.50 per Share and the offering price for the Pre-Funded Warrants, and accompanying was $3.4999 per Pre-Funded Warrant, which represents the per Share public offering price less $0.0001 per share exercise price for each Pre-Funded Warrant. Each Pre-Funded Warrant has an exercise price of $0.0001 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions. The Warrants have an exercise price of $3.75 per share of common stock, subject to adjustment for stock splits, reverse stock splits, stock dividends and similar transactions, and each Warrant are exercisable for one share of Common Stock. The Warrants are exercisable beginning six months from the date of issuance and the Pre-Funded Warrants are be exercisable immediately upon issuance. The Pre-Funded Warrants terminate when fully exercised and the Warrants terminate five years from the initial exercisability date. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the Offering were approximately $14.0 million and net

proceeds were approximately $13.1 million, excluding the proceeds, if any, from the exercise of the Pre-Funded Warrants and the Warrants. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the Offering for working capital and general corporate purposes.

Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC (the “Placement Agent”) was the exclusive placement agent for the Offering.

The Offering was made pursuant to an effective registration statement on Form S-3 (Registration Statement No. 333-264462), as previously filed with and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), a base prospectus included as part of the registration statement, and a final prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 28, 2022, pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Placement Agency Agreement

In connection with the Offering, the Company also entered into a placement agency agreement with the Placement Agent. Pursuant to the Placement Agency Agreement, the Company paid to the Placement Agent a fee equal to 6.0% of the gross proceeds received by the Company in the Offering in the form of cash.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited (i) condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021, which has been derived from audited financial statements, and (ii) the unaudited interim condensed financial statements have been prepared in accordance pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, although the Company believes that the disclosures made are adequate to make the information not misleading. Therefore, it is suggested that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes in the 2021 Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 31, 2022.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the interim periods, but are not necessarily indicative of the results to be anticipated for the full year 2022 or any future period.

In accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements - Going Concern, the Company has evaluated whether there are conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about its ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the that the consolidated financial statements are issued. Since inception, the Company has incurred recurring losses and negative cash flows from operations since inception and has an accumulated deficit of $107.6 million as of June 30, 2022. Nuvve incurred net losses of approximately $62.4 million as of the six months ended June 30, 2022, and $27.2 million and $4.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, Nuvve had a cash balance, working capital, and stockholders’ equity of $14.9 million, $23.4 million and $23.5 million, respectively. The Company continues to expect to generate operating losses and negative cash flows and may need additional funding to support its planned operating activities through profitability. The transition to profitability is dependent upon the successful expanded commercialization of the Company's Grid Integrated Vehicle ("GIVe") platform and the achievement of a level of revenues adequate to support its cost structure.

On May 5, 2022, the Company entered into an at-the-market offering agreement in which the Company from time to time during the term of the sales agreement, offer and sell shares of its common stock having an aggregate offering price up to a total of $25.0 million in gross proceeds. Shares of common stock sold under the sales agreement are offered and sold pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company sold 323,746 shares of common stock pursuant to the sales agreement at an average price of $6.12 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million. Additionally, during the month of July 2022, the Company sold 469,136 shares of common stock pursuant to the sales agreement at an average price of $4.17 per share for aggregate net proceeds of approximately $1.9 million.

In July 2022, the Company had a direct equity offering of its common stock. See Note 19 for details. The aggregate gross proceeds to the Company from the offering were approximately $14.0 million and net proceeds were $13.1 million.

The Company expects its cash and cash equivalents as of August 11, 2022 will be sufficient to fund current planned operations for at least the next twelve months from the date of issuance of these consolidated financial statements. Management's expectations with respect to its ability to fund current planned operations is based on estimates that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could be different from management's estimates and should actual results be less favorable than these estimates management would ultimately need to take corrective steps to improve future operating results and its financial condition.

Principles of Consolidation

Principles of ConsolidationThe condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts and operations of the Company, its wholly owned subsidiaries and its consolidated variable interest entity. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation.

Variable Interest Entities

Variable Interest Entities

Pursuant to the consolidation guidance, the Company first evaluates whether it holds a variable interest in an entity in which it has a financial relationship and, if so, whether or not that entity is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). A VIE is an entity with insufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support or in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. If an entity is determined to be a VIE, the Company evaluates whether the Company is the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is a qualitative analysis based on power and economics. The Company concludes that it is the primary beneficiary and consolidates the VIE if the Company has both (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly influence the VIE's economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of, or the right to receive benefits from, the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

The Company formed Levo with Stonepeak and Evolve, in which the Company owns 51% of Levo's common units. The Company has determined that Levo is a VIE in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Accordingly, the Company consolidates Levo and records a non-controlling interest for the share of the entity owned by Stonepeak and Evolve.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs

The Company's condensed consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and results of operations of VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in "Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated statements of operations and "Non-controlling interests" in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 18 for details of non-controlling interests. The Company began consolidating the assets, liabilities and results of operations of Levo during the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

Noncontrolling Interest

Redeemable Non-Controlling Interest - Mezzanine Equity

Redeemable non-controlling interest represents the shares of the preferred stock issued by Levo to Stonepeak and Evolve (the "preferred shareholders") who own 49% of Levo common units. The preferred stock is not mandatorily redeemable or currently redeemable, but it could be redeemable with the passage of time at the election of Levo, the preferred shareholders or a trigger event as defined in the preferred stock agreement. As a result of the contingent put right available to the preferred shareholders, the redeemable non-controlling interests in Levo are classified outside of permanent equity in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets as mezzanine equity. The initial carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest is reported at the initial proceeds received on issuance date, reduced by the fair value of embedded derivatives resulting in an adjusted initial carrying value. The adjusted initial carrying value is further adjusted for the accretion of the difference with the redemption price value using the effective interest method. The accretion amount is a deemed dividend recorded against retained earnings or, in its absence, to additional-paid-in-capital. The carrying amount of the redeemable non-controlling interest is measured at the higher of the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period for income (or loss) attributable to the non-controlling interest, or the carrying amount adjusted each reporting period by the accretion amount. See Note 18 for details.

Non-controlling interests

The Company presents non-controlling interests as a component of equity on its condensed consolidated balance sheets and reports the portion of its earnings or loss for non-controlling interest as net earnings or loss attributable to non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

For entities that are consolidated, but not 100% owned, a portion of the net income or loss and corresponding equity is allocated to owners other than the Company. The aggregate of the net income or loss and corresponding equity that is not owned by the Company is included in non-controlling interests in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

Non-controlling interests are presented outside as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated Balance Sheets. The primary components of non-controlling interests are separately presented in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity to clearly distinguish the interest in the Company and other ownership interests in the consolidated entities. Net income or loss includes the net income or loss attributable to the holders of non-controlling interests on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. Net income or loss is allocated to non-controlling interests in proportion to their relative ownership interests.

Emerging Growth Company

Emerging Growth Company

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the “JOBS Act”) permits emerging growth companies (“EGC”) to delay complying with new or revised financial accounting standards that do not yet apply to private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act). The Company qualifies as an EGC. The JOBS Act provides that an EGC can elect to opt-out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-EGCs, but any such election to opt-out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt-out of such an extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an EGC, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This different adoption timing may make a comparison of the Company’s financial statements with another public company, which is neither an EGC nor an EGC that has opted out of using the extended transition period, difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

COVID-19

COVID-19

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) which was declared a pandemic in March 2020, and the related restrictive measures such as travel restrictions, quarantines, and shutdowns, has negatively impacted the global economy. As national and local governments in different countries ease COVID-19 restrictions, and vaccines are distributed and rolled out successfully, we continue to see improved economic trends. However, COVID-19 and actions taken to mitigate its spread have had and are expected to continue to have an adverse impact on the economies and financial markets of many countries, including the geographical area in which the Company operates. The Company continues to monitor the situation closely but, at this time, is unable to predict the cumulative impact, both in terms of severity and duration, that the coronavirus pandemic has and will have on its business, operating results, cash flows and financial condition, and it could be material if the current circumstances continue to exist for a prolonged period of time. In addition to any direct impact on Nuvve’s business, it is reasonably possible that the estimates made by management in preparing Nuvve’s financial statements have been, or will be, materially and adversely impacted in the near term as a result of the on-going COVID-19 conditions.

Use of Estimates

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that may affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions made by management include the impairment of intangible assets, the net realizable value of inventory, the fair value of share-based payments, the fair value of notes payable conversion options, revenue recognition, the fair value of warrants, and the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities.

Management evaluates its estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could materially vary from those estimates.

Cash and Restricted Cash

Cash and Restricted Cash

The Company maintains cash balances that can, at times, exceed amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which is up to $250,000. The Company has not experienced any losses in these accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk in this area.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of Credit Risk

At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the financial instruments which potentially expose the Company to concentration of credit risk consist of cash in financial institutions (in excess of federally insured limits) and trade receivables.

The Company had certain customers whose revenue individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue, or whose accounts receivable balances individually represented 10% or more of the Company’s total accounts receivable, as follows:

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 three and two customers accounted for 54.9% and 58.8% of revenue, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 two and three customers in aggregate accounted for 48.6% and 56.4% of revenue, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 71.8% and 70.1%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company's top five customers accounted for approximately 68.3% and 71.0%, respectively, of the Company’s total revenue.

At June 30, 2022, two customers in aggregate accounted for 37.1% of accounts receivable. At December 31, 2021, two customers in aggregate accounted for 32.2% of accounts receivable.

Approximately 58.5% and 56.0% of the Company’s trade accounts receivable balance was with five customers at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The Company estimates its maximum credit risk for accounts receivable at the amount recorded on the balance sheet. The trade accounts receivables are generally short-term and all probable bad debt losses have been appropriately considered in establishing the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Recognition

Bill-and-hold arrangements - The Company occasionally enter a bill and hold arrangements in which some customers request that billed products that are ready for delivery be held at our warehouse facility for them until shipment at a later date. In this instance, revenue is recognized when; 1) the risks of ownership, including title, have passed to the customer, 2) the product must be identified separately as belonging to the customer, 3) the product currently must be ready for physical transfer to the customer, and 4) the Company does not have the ability to use the product or to direct it to another customer.

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs consist of direct and incremental costs incurred and fees paid for a commitment to obtain financing. As the commitment amount is funded, the carrying amount of the deferred financing costs is reduced and the amount is charged to additional-paid-in-capital. The deferred financing cost will be impaired if it becomes probable that funding of the commitment amount will not occur.

The Company recorded an impairment charge of $43.6 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The impairment charge was driven by a write-off of deferred financing costs associated with the carrying value of warrants and stock options granted to Stonepeak and Evolve in May 2021 in return for their capital commitment to fund up to $750 million in V2Genabled EV fleet deployments of school buses through Levo. The Company impaired the deferred financing costs during the six months ended June 30, 2022 primarily because it has not entered into fleet as a service customer contracts requiring preferred capital commitments from Stonepeak and Levo in excess of $43.6 million within one year of the deferred financing costs being capitalized. The impairment charge is non-cash and does not impact the existing capital commitment we have from Stonepeak and Evolve or the pursuit of customer deployments funded by this capital commitment. Note 19 of the Company's 2021 Form 10-K further describes the terms of the capital commitment with Stonepeak and Evolve.

Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

Investments in Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values

Investments in equity securities of nonpublic entities without readily determinable fair values are carried at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The Company reviews its equity securities without readily determinable fair values on a regular basis to determine if the investment is impaired. For purposes of this assessment, the Company considers the investee’s cash position, earnings and revenue outlook, liquidity, and management ownership, among other factors, in its review. If management’s assessment indicates that an impairment exists, the Company estimates the fair value of the equity investment and recognizes in current earnings an impairment loss that is equal to the difference between the fair value of the equity investment and its carrying amount.

In June 2022, the Company invested $1.0 million in Switch EV Ltd ("Switch"), a nonpublic entity incorporated and registered in the United Kingdom for a future equity ownership. Since Switch is a nonpublic entity, there is no readily determinable fair value. As of June 30, 2022, the Company’s investment in Switch was accounted for as an investment in equity securities without a readily determinable fair value subject to impairment. The Company did not recognize an impairment loss on its investment during the quarter ended June 30, 2022.

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

None.

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326) – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). ASU 2016-13 requires, among other things, the use of a new current expected credit loss ("CECL") model in determining the allowances for doubtful accounts with respect to accounts receivable, accrued straight-line rents receivable, and notes receivable. The CECL model requires that an entity estimate its lifetime expected credit loss with respect to these receivables and record allowances that, when deducted from the balance of the receivables, represent the net amounts expected to be collected. Entities will also be required to disclose information about how the entity developed the allowances, including changes in the factors that influenced its estimate of expected credit losses and the reasons for those changes. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the new guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Schedule of assets and liabilities included in the company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts of Levo assets and liabilities included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022:

	June 30, 2022
Assets
Cash	$	28,068
Deferred financing costs	—
Total Assets	$	28,068
Liabilities and Mezzanine Equity
Accrued expenses	$	212,071
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	491,012
Total Liabilities	$	703,083

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Revenue Recognition (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service

The following table provides information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service lines for the three and six months ended June 30:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenue recognized over time:
Services	$	73,522	$	363,366	$	268,172	$	530,611
Grants	233,698		214,814		350,947		701,943
Products	994,507		403,150		3,053,641		547,808
Total revenue	$	1,301,727	$	981,330	$	3,672,760	$	1,780,362

Schedule of aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers

The aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts and grants with customers as of June 30, 2022 expected to be recognized in the future, and classified as deferred revenue on the condensed consolidated Balance Sheet, for years ended December 31, is as follows (this disclosure does not include revenue related to contracts whose original expected duration is one year or less):

2022 (remaining six months)	$	138,399
Thereafter	643,523
Total	$	781,922

Schedule of company operates in a single business segment

The following table summarizes the Company’s revenues for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:
United States	$	1,125,586	$	812,796	$	3,353,976	$	1,404,627
United Kingdom	99,995		113,703		137,385		254,989
Denmark	76,146		54,831		181,399		120,746
	$	1,301,727	$	981,330	$	3,672,760	$	1,780,362

The following table summarizes the Company’s long-lived assets in different geographic locations as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Long-lived assets:
United States	$	1,915,685	$	1,811,607
Denmark	20,827		25,664
	$	1,936,512	$	1,837,271

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Fair Value Measurements (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet

The following are the liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet at June 30, 2022 using quoted price in active markets for identical assets (Level 1); significant other observable inputs (Level 2); and significant unobservable inputs (Level 3):

	Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs		Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs		Total at June 30, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Total Gains (Losses) For The Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Recurring fair value measurements
Private warrants	$	—	$	—	$	182,000	$	182,000	$	251,000	$	684,000
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	—		—		491,012		491,012		(32,536)		20,936
Total recurring fair value measurements	$	—	$	—	$	673,012	$	673,012	$	218,464	$	704,936

Schedule of fair value on a recurring basis

The following is a reconciliation of the opening and closing balances for the liabilities related to the private warrants (Note 11) and derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Private Warrants		Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - derivative liability
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	866,000	$	511,948
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(433,000)		(53,472)
Balance at March 31, 2022	433,000		458,476
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(251,000)		32,536
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	182,000	$	491,012

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Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Derivative Liabilities at Fair Value

The following table display the fair value of derivatives by balance sheet line item at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Other long term liabilities:
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$	491,012	$	511,948

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Account Receivables, Net (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Receivables [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts receivable

The following tables summarizes the Company's accounts receivable on the consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

		June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Trade receivables		$	2,021,844	$	1,949,896
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(63,188)		(63,188)
	Accounts receivable, net	$	1,958,656	$	1,886,708
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
	Balance December 31, 2021	$	(63,188)
	Provision	—
	Write-off	—
	Recoveries	—
	Balance June 30, 2022	$	(63,188)

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Inventories (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Inventory Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of inventory by category

The following table summarizes the Company’s inventories balance by category:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
DC Chargers	$	8,852,624	$	7,687,598
AC Chargers	214,486		232,920
Vehicles - School Buses (1)	1,620,000		3,180,000
Others	108,922		17,670
Total	$	10,796,032	$	11,118,188

__________________

(1)As of June 30, 2022, the Company has taken delivery of ten school buses it has committed to purchase from the manufacturer within one year from the purchase order date of May 26, 2021. Five school buses were sold during first quarter ended March 31, 2022.

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

The following table summarizes the Company’s property, plant and equipment balance at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	June 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Computers & Servers	$	126,931	$	105,499
Vehicles	168,862		168,862
Office furniture and equipment	332,007		161,771
Others	131,607		6,050
Total	759,407		442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation	(158,861)		(85,988)
Property, plant and equipment, net	$	600,546	$	356,194
	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2021
Depreciation expense	$	62,265	$	12,147

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of estimated future amortization expense amortizable intangible assets

Total estimated future amortization expense is as follows:

2022 (remaining six months)	$	69,719
2023	139,437
2024	139,437
2025	139,437
2026	139,437
Thereafter	783,891
	$	1,411,358

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Stockholders’ Equity (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Stockholders' Equity Note [Abstract]

Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding

The following table is a summary of the number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding at June 30, 2022 (there were no warrants outstanding at December 31, 2021):

	Number of Warrants	Number of Warrants Exercisable	Exercise Price	Expiration Date
Public Warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Private Warrants	136,250	136,250	$11.50	March 19, 2026
PIPE Warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	$11.50	March 19, 2026
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B	2,000,000	2,000,000	$10.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C	1,000,000	500,000	$15.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D	1,000,000	500,000	$20.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E	1,000,000	500,000	$30.00	May 17, 2031
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F	1,000,000	500,000	$40.00	May 17, 2031
	10,365,000	8,365,000

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Stock Option Plan (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Schedule of stock-based compensation expense for stock options

Stock-based compensation expense for the three and six months ended June 30 are as follows

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Options	$	548,652	$	810,738	$	1,370,758	$	1,063,008
Restricted stock	1,187,254		258,137		1,801,093		267,972
Total	$	1,735,906	$	1,068,875	$	3,171,851	$	1,330,980

Schedule of black-scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options

The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022 for the 2010 Plan and the 2020 Plan.

	2010 Plan		2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years) (1)	6.1		6.1
Dividend yield (2)	0	%	0	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	2.00	%	2.00	%
Volatility (4)	54.1	%	54.1	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(2)No cash dividends have been declared on the Company’s common stock since the Company’s inception, and the Company currently does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends over the expected life of the options.

(3)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(4)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years) (1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate (2)	3.02	%
Volatility (3)	69.50	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(3)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

Schedule of stock option activity

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to Reverse Recapitalization, for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,035,035	3.21	5.90	5,688,201
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	(42,729)	2.42	—	—
Forfeited	(36,065)	7.61	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(5,310)	1.37	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	950,931	3.09	5.24	2,264,735
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,602,850	13.18	9.27	46,920
Granted	121,100	6.87	9.86	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	(128,450)	10.18	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(1,250)	8.25	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	1,594,250	12.84	8.83	—
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at June 30, 2022	250,000	13.28

Disclosure of share-based compensation arrangements by share-based payment award

Other Information:

	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Amount received from option exercised	$	173,575	$	—
	June 30, 2022				Weighted average remaining recognition period
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$	7,767,742			2.80

Schedule of nonvested restricted stock units

A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	353,817	11.00
Granted	134,575	6.16
Vested/Release	(202,141)	11.15
Cancelled/Forfeited	(6,294)	9.93
Nonvested and Outstanding at June 30, 2022	279,957	8.60

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Income Taxes (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of income tax information

	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Income tax (benefit) expense	$	—		$	1,000		$	—		$	1,000
Effective tax rate	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%	0.0		%

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of earnings per share

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021:

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders	$	(51,470,807)	$	(6,187,306)	$	(60,669,615)	$	(11,549,026)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	19,064,854		18,668,009		18,965,167		14,560,862
Net Loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(2.70)	$	(0.33)	$	(3.20)	$	(0.79)

Schedule of antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share

The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

	Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022	2021	2022	2021
Stock options issued and outstanding	2,688,173	2,505,711	2,858,756	1,792,556
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding	869,945	677,543	867,793	582,148
Public warrants	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	1,627,060
Private warrants	136,250	136,250	136,250	77,109
PIPE warrants	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	766,133
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants	6,000,000	2,901,099	6,000,000	1,450,549
Stonepeak and Evolve options	5,000,000	2,417,582	5,000,000	1,208,791
Total	18,923,118	12,866,935	19,091,549	7,504,346

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Leases (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of Lease costs

Supplemental unaudited consolidated balance sheet information related to leases is as follows:

	Classification	June 30, 2022
Operating lease assets	Right-of-use operating lease assets	$	5,195,474
Finance lease assets	Property, plant and equipment, net	20,827
Total lease assets		$	5,216,301
Operating lease liabilities - current	Operating lease liabilities - current	$	455,064
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,053,219
Finance lease liabilities - current	Other liabilities - current	7,022
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	Other long-term liabilities	15,120
Total lease liabilities		$	5,530,425

The components of lease expense are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating lease expense	Selling, general and administrative	$	164,076	$	33,396	$	340,597	$	91,827
Finance lease expense:
Amortization of finance lease assets	Selling, general and administrative	1,451		2,190		7,391		2,190
Interest on finance lease liabilities	Interest expense	599		510		1,238		510
Total lease expense		$	166,126	$	36,096	$	349,226	$	94,527

Lease term and discount rate:

	June 30, 2022
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9.5
Finance lease	3.8
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.8%
Finance lease	7.8%

Other Information:

	Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	80,869	$	94,818
Operating cash flows from finance leases	$	1,238	$	510
Financing cash flows from finance leases	$	4,425	$	1,989
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	$	20,827	$	29,977
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—

Schedule of Lessee, operating lease, liability, maturity

	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
2022	$	127,621	$	3,511
2023	792,918		7,022
2024	824,712		7,022
2025	822,352		7,022
2026	847,022		—
Thereafter	4,631,866		1,755
Total lease payments	8,046,491		26,332
Less: interest	(2,538,208)		(4,190)
Total lease obligations	$	5,508,283	$	22,142

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows under new lease as of June 30, 2022:

2022	$	39,375
2023	67,500
2024	67,500
2025	28,125
Total lease payments	$	202,500

Schedule of Finance lease, liability, maturity

	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
2022	$	127,621	$	3,511
2023	792,918		7,022
2024	824,712		7,022
2025	822,352		7,022
2026	847,022		—
Thereafter	4,631,866		1,755
Total lease payments	8,046,491		26,332
Less: interest	(2,538,208)		(4,190)
Total lease obligations	$	5,508,283	$	22,142

Schedule of Sublease Income

Sublease income are as follows:

		Three Months Ended June 30,		Three Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,		Six Months Ended June 30,
	Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Sublease lease income	Other, net	$	20,125	$	—	$	20,125	$	—

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of milestone event

Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will pay up to an aggregate $7,500,000 in royalties to the Seller upon achievement of milestones, related to the aggregate number of vehicles that have had access to the Company’s GIVe platform system for a period of at least six consecutive months, and for which the Company has received monetary consideration for such access pursuant to a subscription or other similar agreement with the vehicle’s owner as follows:

Milestone Event: Aggregated Vehicles	Milestone Payment Amount
10,000	$	500,000
20,000	750,000
40,000	750,000
60,000	750,000
80,000	750,000
100,000	1,000,000
200,000	1,000,000
250,000	2,000,000
	$	7,500,000

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Non-Controlling Interest (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]

Schedule of preferred stock

At June 30, 2022, Series B Preferred Stock consisted of the following:

Shares Authorized	Shares Issued and Outstanding	Stated Value per Share		Initial Carrying Value		Accrued Preferred Dividends		Liquidation Preference
1,000,000	3,138	$	1,000	$	3,138,000	$	192,071	$	3,330,071

Schedule of condensed financial statements

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets at June 30, 2022:

	June 30, 2022
Add: net loss attributable to non-controlling interests as of June 30, 2022	$	(2,211,837)
Less: dividends paid to non-controlling interests as of June 30, 2022	129,311
Less: Preferred share accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022	322,932
Non-controlling interests	$	(2,664,080)

Schedule of condensed income statement

The following table summarizes Levo non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations as of June 30, 2022:

	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022		Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$	(2,110,903)	$	(2,211,837)

Schedule of redeemable noncontrolling interest

Redeemable Non-controlling Interest Reconciliation — Mezzanine Equity

	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
Beginning balance - December 31, 2021	$	2,885,426
Preferred share Accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022	322,932
Ending balance - June 30, 2022	$	3,208,358

Schedule of black-scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options

The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes model to calculate the fair value of stock options granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022 for the 2010 Plan and the 2020 Plan.

	2010 Plan		2020 Plan
Expected life of options (in years) (1)	6.1		6.1
Dividend yield (2)	0	%	0	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	2.00	%	2.00	%
Volatility (4)	54.1	%	54.1	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the options and the vesting period.

(2)No cash dividends have been declared on the Company’s common stock since the Company’s inception, and the Company currently does not anticipate declaring or paying cash dividends over the expected life of the options.

(3)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(4)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

The following assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the fair value of Class D Incentive Units granted for the six months ended June 30, 2022.

	Class D Units
Expected life of Class D Incentive Units (in years) (1)	5.5
Risk-free interest rate (2)	3.02	%
Volatility (3)	69.50	%

__________________

(1)The expected life of options is the average of the contractual term of the Class D Incentive Units and the vesting period.

(2)The risk-free interest rate is based on the yields on U.S. Treasury debt securities with maturities approximating the estimated life of the options.

(3)Volatility is estimated by management. As the Company has been a private company for most of its existence, there is not enough historical volatility data related to the Company’s Common stock as a public entity. Therefore, this estimate is based on the average volatility of certain public company peers within the Company’s industry.

Schedule of stock option activity

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2010 Plan, as converted to the Company’s shares due to Reverse Recapitalization, for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,035,035	3.21	5.90	5,688,201
Granted	—	—	—	—
Exercised	(42,729)	2.42	—	—
Forfeited	(36,065)	7.61	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(5,310)	1.37	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	950,931	3.09	5.24	2,264,735
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	836,687	2.52	4.84	2,257,456

The following is a summary of the stock option activity under the 2020 Plan for the six months ended June 30, 2022:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share ($)	Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding - December 31, 2021	1,602,850	13.18	9.27	46,920
Granted	121,100	6.87	9.86	—
Exercised	—	—	—	—
Forfeited	(128,450)	10.18	—	—
Expired/Cancelled	(1,250)	8.25	—	—
Outstanding - June 30, 2022	1,594,250	12.84	8.83	—
Options Exercisable at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—
Option Vested at June 30, 2022	422,327	13.38	8.74	—

A summary of the status of the Company’s Class D Incentive Units as of December 31, 2021, and changes during the six months ended June 30, 2022, is presented below:

	Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value($)
Nonvested at December 31, 2021	—	—
Granted	250,000	13.28
Vested	—	—
Cancelled	—	—
Nonvested and Outstanding at June 30, 2022	250,000	13.28

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Subsequent Events (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2022

Subsequent Events [Abstract]

Schedule of Lessee, operating lease, liability, maturity

	Operating Lease		Finance Lease
Maturities of lease liabilities are as follows:	June 30, 2022		June 30, 2022
2022	$	127,621	$	3,511
2023	792,918		7,022
2024	824,712		7,022
2025	822,352		7,022
2026	847,022		—
Thereafter	4,631,866		1,755
Total lease payments	8,046,491		26,332
Less: interest	(2,538,208)		(4,190)
Total lease obligations	$	5,508,283	$	22,142

The following is a maturity analysis of the annual undiscounted cash flows under new lease as of June 30, 2022:

2022	$	39,375
2023	67,500
2024	67,500
2025	28,125
Total lease payments	$	202,500

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Organization and Description of Business (Details)	1 Months Ended
	Mar. 31, 2020 employee	Jun. 30, 2022 subsidiary
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of employees who resigned | employee	2
Nuvve
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries		2
Nuvve Corp.
Consolidation, Less than Wholly Owned Subsidiary, Parent Ownership Interest, Effects of Changes, Net [Line Items]
Number of wholly owned subsidiaries		3

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended				6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jul. 27, 2022	May 05, 2022	May 17, 2021	Jul. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Mar. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Jun. 06, 2022
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Accumulated deficit					$ (107,629,843)				$ (107,629,843)		$ (47,412,470)
Net loss					(53,354,948)	$ (9,074,261)	$ (6,187,306)	$ (5,361,720)	(62,429,209)	$ (11,549,026)	27,200,000	$ 4,900,000
Cash					14,890,242				14,890,242		32,360,520
Working capital					23,400,000				23,400,000
Stockholders' equity					23,470,395	$ 71,410,982	94,830,025	$ 57,394,610	23,470,395	94,830,025	$ 79,268,764	$ (880,710)
Sale price (in Dollars per share)			$ 50.00
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs									1,859,685	0
FDIC amount					250,000				250,000
Write-off of deferred financing costs					43,562,847		$ 0		43,562,847	$ 0
Upfront capital commitment			$ 750,000,000
Switch EV
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Equity method investments					$ 1,000,000				$ 1,000,000				$ 1,000,000
Levo Mobility LLC | Stonepeak
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Stonepeak and Evolve 49% ownership					49.00%				49.00%
Levo Mobility LLC | Variable Interest Entity
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Cash					$ 28,068				$ 28,068
Variable interest entity									51.00%
Subsequent Event
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from offering	$ 14,000,000
Net proceeds from offering	$ 13,100,000
At The Market Offering
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from offering		$ 25,000,000
Sale of units (in Shares)									323,746
Sale price (in Dollars per share)					$ 6.12				$ 6.12
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs									$ 1,900,000
At The Market Offering | Subsequent Event
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)				469,136
Sale price (in Dollars per share)				$ 4.17
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs				$ 1,900,000

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets
Cash	$ 14,890,242	$ 32,360,520
Deferred financing costs	0	43,562,847
Total Assets	39,629,515	96,477,390
Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity
Accrued expenses	2,392,820	2,874,018
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	491,012	511,948
Total Liabilities	12,809,910	$ 14,323,199
Variable Interest Entity | Levo Mobility LLC
Assets
Cash	28,068
Deferred financing costs	0
Total Assets	28,068
Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Stockholders’ Equity
Accrued expenses	212,071
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	491,012
Total Liabilities	$ 703,083

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Concentrations of Credit Risk (Details) - Customer Concentration Risk	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue Benchmark | Customer 3
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	54.90%	56.40%	54.90%	56.40%
Revenue Benchmark | Customer 2
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	58.80%	48.60%	58.80%	48.60%
Revenue Benchmark | Top 5 Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk	71.80%	68.30%	70.10%	71.00%
Accounts Receivable | Customer 2
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk			37.10%		32.20%
Accounts Receivable | Top 5 Customers
Revenue, Major Customer [Line Items]
Concentration risk			58.50%		56.00%

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of information regarding disaggregated revenue based on revenue by service (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 1,301,727	$ 981,330	$ 3,672,760	$ 1,780,362
Services
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	73,522	363,366	268,172	530,611
Grants
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	233,698	214,814	350,947	701,943
Products
Deferred Revenue Arrangement [Line Items]
Total revenue	$ 994,507	$ 403,150	$ 3,053,641	$ 547,808

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of aggregate amount of revenue for the Company’s existing contracts with customers (Details)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 781,922
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2022-07-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 138,399
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	6 months
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2023-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 643,523
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period

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Revenue Recognition - Schedule of segment reporting (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 1,301,727	$ 981,330	$ 3,672,760	$ 1,780,362
Long-lived assets	1,936,512		1,936,512		$ 1,837,271
United States
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	1,125,586	812,796	3,353,976	1,404,627
Long-lived assets	1,915,685		1,915,685		1,811,607
United Kingdom
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	99,995	113,703	137,385	254,989
Denmark
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	76,146	$ 54,831	181,399	$ 120,746
Long-lived assets	$ 20,827		$ 20,827		$ 25,664

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of liabilities measured at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheet (Details)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	$ 673,012	$ 673,012
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	218,464	704,936
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	491,012	491,012
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	(32,536)	20,936
Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	182,000	182,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period	251,000	684,000
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 1: Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets | Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs | Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 2: Significant Other Observable Inputs | Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	0	0
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	673,012	673,012
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	491,012	491,012
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Private Warrants
Recurring fair value measurements
Total recurring fair value measurements	$ 182,000	$ 182,000

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Fair Value Measurements - Schedule of fair value on a recurring basis (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance	$ 458,476	$ 511,948
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	32,536	(53,472)
Balance	491,012	458,476
Private Warrants
Fair Value, Liabilities Measured on Recurring Basis, Unobservable Input Reconciliation, Calculation [Roll Forward]
Balance	433,000	866,000
Total (gains) losses for period included in earnings	(251,000)	(433,000)
Balance	$ 182,000	$ 433,000

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Fair Value Measurements - Narrative (Details)	Jun. 30, 2022 $ / shares	May 17, 2021
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term		10 years
Private Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.50
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Minimum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives, term	2 years 1 month 2 days
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Maximum
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivatives, term	7 years
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability, measurement input	0.030
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability, measurement input	0.570
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Probability Of Redemption Trigger
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Embedded derivative liability, measurement input	0.750
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Private Warrants
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, term	3 years 8 months 19 days
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 11.50
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Private Warrants | Measurement Input, Risk Free Interest Rate
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.030
Level 3: Significant Unobservable Inputs | Fair Value, Nonrecurring | Private Warrants | Measurement Input, Price Volatility
Fair Value Measurement Inputs and Valuation Techniques [Line Items]
Warrants and right outstanding, measurement input	0.670

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Derivative Liability - Non-Controlling Redeemable Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Embedded Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$ 491,012	$ 511,948
Other Long-term Liabilities
Embedded Derivative [Line Items]
Derivative liability - non-controlling redeemable preferred shares	$ 491,012	$ 511,948

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Investments (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 06, 2022
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership	13.00%		13.00%
Consulting services (in Dollars)	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Switch EV
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Company's equity ownership					5.00%
Equity method investments	$ 1,000,000		$ 1,000,000		$ 1,000,000

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Account Receivables, Net (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	$ (63,188)	$ (63,188)
Accounts receivable	1,958,656	1,886,708
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Balance December 31, 2021	(63,188)
Provision	0
Write-off	0
Recoveries	0
Balance June 30, 2022	(63,188)
Trade Accounts Receivable
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
Trade receivables	$ 2,021,844	$ 1,949,896

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Inventories (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) bus	Mar. 31, 2022 bus	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	$ 10,796,032		$ 11,118,188
Number of school buses delivered to company | bus	10
Number of years for buses to be delivered	1 year
Number of school buses were sold | bus		5
DC Chargers
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	$ 8,852,624		7,687,598
AC Chargers
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	214,486		232,920
Vehicles - School Buses
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	1,620,000		3,180,000
Others
Inventory [Line Items]
Inventory, gross	$ 108,922		$ 17,670

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 759,407		$ 442,182
Less: Accumulated Depreciation	(158,861)		(85,988)
Property and equipment, net	600,546		356,194
Depreciation expense	62,265	$ 12,147
Computers & Servers
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	126,931		105,499
Vehicles
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	168,862		168,862
Office furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	332,007		161,771
Others
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plant and equipment, gross	$ 131,607		$ 6,050

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Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross intangible asset	$ 2,091,556		$ 2,091,556		$ 2,091,556
Amortization expense of intangible assets	34,860	$ 34,860	69,720	$ 69,720
Finite-lived intangible assets, accumulated amortization	680,200		680,200		$ 610,480
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 1,411,358		$ 1,411,358
Acquire finite-lived intangible assets, weighted average useful life			10 years 4 months 24 days

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Intangible Assets - Schedule of estimated future amortization expense amortizable intangible assets (Details)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2022 (remaining six months)	$ 69,719
2023	139,437
2024	139,437
2025	139,437
2026	139,437
Thereafter	783,891
Total estimated future amortization expense	$ 1,411,358

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Stockholders’ Equity (Details)							3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) class_of_stock $ / shares shares	May 05, 2022 USD ($)	Apr. 25, 2022 USD ($)	Nov. 11, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Nov. 11, 2020 $ / shares shares	Feb. 19, 2020 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) class_of_stock $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) class_of_stock $ / shares shares	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 $ / shares shares	May 17, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of classes of stock | class_of_stock	2						2		2
Authorized capital stock (in Shares) | shares									101,000,000
Common stock, shares authorized (in Shares) | shares	100,000,000						100,000,000		100,000,000		100,000,000
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in Shares) | shares	1,000,000						1,000,000		1,000,000
Preferred stock par value (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0.0001						$ 0.0001		$ 0.0001
Agent fee percentage									6.00%
Sale price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares												$ 50.00
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs									$ 1,859,685	$ 0
Warrants outstanding, term												10 years
Class of warrant or right, commitment amount	$ 3,200,000						$ 3,200,000		3,200,000
Write-off of deferred financing costs							43,562,847	$ 0	43,562,847	$ 0
Total recurring fair value measurements	$ 673,012						673,012		673,012
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period							$ 218,464		$ 704,936
Purchase agreement, authorized amount												$ 250,000,000
Grant date fair value of securities purchase agreement												$ 12,600,000
Stonepeak
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued												90.00%
Evolve
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued												10.00%
Unit Purchase Option
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of shares included in a unit						1.1
Shares issued (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares						$ 100
Exercisable units (in shares) | shares						316,250
Options exercisable (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares						$ 11.50
Aggregate exercise price						$ 3,636,875
Unit Purchase Option | Minimum
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Right to registration, period						5 years
Unit Purchase Option | Maximum
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Right to registration, period						7 years
Investor
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Common stock shares purchase (in Shares) | shares				1,425,000
Purchase price per share value (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 10.00	$ 10.00
PIPE
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares) | shares					1.9
Sale price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares				$ 11.50	$ 11.50
Aggregate purchase price of common stock (in Dollars)				$ 14,250,000
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, grant date fair value												$ 12,800,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 10.00						$ 10.00		$ 10.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, grant date fair value												5,600,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	15.00						15.00		15.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, grant date fair value												4,800,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	20.00						20.00		20.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, grant date fair value												3,800,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	30.00						30.00		30.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Warrants outstanding, grant date fair value												$ 3,200,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 40.00						40.00		$ 40.00
Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares) | shares						5,750,000
Write-off of deferred financing costs	$ 31,000,000
Stonepeak Warrants | Securities Purchase Agreement
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued												90.00%
Write-off of deferred financing costs	$ 12,600,000
Evolve Warrants | Securities Purchase Agreement
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Percent of warrants issued												10.00%
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) | shares												2,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares												$ 10.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) | shares												1,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance												50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants												$ 125,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures												50.00%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares												$ 15.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) | shares												1,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance												50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants												$ 250,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures												50.00%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares												$ 20.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) | shares												1,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance												50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants												$ 375,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures												50.00%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares												$ 30.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares) | shares												1,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon issuance												50.00%
Additional capital expenditure to trigger exercise of nonvested warrants												$ 500,000,000
Percent of warrants vested upon additional capital expenditures												50.00%
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares												$ 40.00
Shelf Registration
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from offering			$ 100,000,000
At The Market Offering
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Gross proceeds from offering		$ 25,000,000
Agent fee percentage		3.00%
Sale of units (in Shares) | shares									323,746
Sale price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 6.12						$ 6.12		$ 6.12
Proceeds from common stock offering, net of offering costs									$ 1,900,000
IPO | Newborn
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of warrants per unit (in Shares) | shares						1
Percent of one share of common stock						50.00%
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant | shares						1
Private Placement | Newborn
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Number of warrants per unit (in Shares) | shares						1
Private Placement | Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Aggregate share purchase (in Shares) | shares						272,500
Private Warrants
Stockholders' Equity [Line Items]
Total recurring fair value measurements	$ 182,000						$ 182,000		182,000
Recurring fair value measurements, gain (loss) during period							$ 251,000		$ 684,000

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Stockholders’ Equity - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	10,365,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	8,365,000
Public Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	2,875,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	2,875,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 11.50
Private Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	136,250
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	136,250
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 11.50
PIPE Warrants
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,353,750
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	1,353,750
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 11.50
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series B
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	2,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	2,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 10.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series C
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 15.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series D
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 20.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series E
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 30.00
Stonepeak/Evolve Warrants - series F
Stockholders’ Equity (Details) - Schedule of common stock issuable upon exercise of warrants outstanding [Line Items]
Number of Warrants (in shares)	1,000,000
Number of Warrants Exercisable (in shares)	500,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 40.00

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Stock Option Plan - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Share based option modified (in Shares)					1,640,000
Increase decrease exercise price (in Dollars per share)					$ 0.60
Incremental compensation cost (in Dollars)					$ 246,000
Unrecognized compensation costs, period of recognition			2 years 9 months 18 days
Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Additional compensation expense	$ 25,459	$ 21,728	$ 45,158	$ 21,728
Restricted stock
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock	$ 1,668,498		$ 1,668,498
Unrecognized compensation costs, period of recognition			1 year 10 months 24 days
2020 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Aggregate of common shares (in Shares)	3,300,000		3,300,000
Option contractual life			10 years
Issuance of common stock available for future (in Shares)	1,262,865		1,262,865
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during period (in Dollars per share)			$ 3.55
2020 Plan | Options
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Option vesting period			4 years
2010 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted average grant date fair value of options granted during period (in Dollars per share)			$ 0

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Stock Option Plan - Schedule of stock-based compensation expense for stock options (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Options
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 548,652	$ 810,738	$ 1,370,758	$ 1,063,008
Restricted stock
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	1,187,254	258,137	1,801,093	267,972
Options and Restricted Stock
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Expensed and Capitalized, Amount [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation	$ 1,735,906	$ 1,068,875	$ 3,171,851	$ 1,330,980

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Stock Option Plan - Schedule of black-scholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock options (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022
2010 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life of options (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days
Dividend yield	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate	2.00%
Volatility	54.10%
2020 Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life of options (in years)	6 years 1 month 6 days
Dividend yield	0.00%
Risk-free interest rate	2.00%
Volatility	54.10%

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Stock Option Plan - Schedule of stock option activity (Details)	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
2010 Plan
Shares
Beginning balance (in Shares) | shares	1,035,035
Granted, (in Shares) | shares	0
Exercised (in Shares) | shares	(42,729)
Forfeited (in Shares) | shares	(36,065)
Expired/Cancelled (in Shares) | shares	(5,310)
Ending balance (in Shares) | shares	950,931	1,035,035
Options exercisable (in Shares) | shares	836,687
Options vested (in Shares) | shares	836,687
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 3.21
Granted (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Exercised (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.42
Forfeited (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	7.61
Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	1.37
Ending balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	3.09	$ 3.21
Options exercisable (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	2.52
Options vested (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 2.52
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	5 years 2 months 26 days	5 years 10 months 24 days
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 10 months 2 days
Options vested, weighted average remaining contractual term	4 years 10 months 2 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding | $	$ 2,264,735	$ 5,688,201
Exercisable | $	2,257,456
Vested | $	$ 2,257,456
2020 Plan
Shares
Beginning balance (in Shares) | shares	1,602,850
Granted, (in Shares) | shares	121,100
Exercised (in Shares) | shares	0
Forfeited (in Shares) | shares	(128,450)
Expired/Cancelled (in Shares) | shares	(1,250)
Ending balance (in Shares) | shares	1,594,250	1,602,850
Options exercisable (in Shares) | shares	422,327
Options vested (in Shares) | shares	422,327
Weighted- Average Exercise Price per Share($)
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 13.18
Granted (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.87
Exercised (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Forfeited (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	10.18
Expired/Cancelled (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	8.25
Ending balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	12.84	$ 13.18
Options exercisable (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	13.38
Options vested (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 13.38
Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding, weighted-average remaining contractual term	8 years 9 months 29 days	9 years 3 months 7 days
Granted, weighted average remaining contractual term	9 years 10 months 9 days
Options exercisable, weighted average remaining contractual term	8 years 8 months 26 days
Options vested, weighted average remaining contractual term	8 years 8 months 26 days
Aggregate Intrinsic Value($)
Outstanding | $	$ 0	$ 46,920
Exercisable | $	0
Vested | $	$ 0

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Stock Option Plan - Schedule of other share based compensation information (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Amount received from option exercised	$ 173,575	$ 0
Total unrecognized options compensation costs	$ 7,767,742
Unrecognized compensation costs, period of recognition	2 years 9 months 18 days

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Stock Option Plan - Schedule of nonvested restricted stock units (Details) - Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in Shares) | shares	353,817
Granted (in Shares) | shares	134,575
Vested/Release (in Shares) | shares	(202,141)
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Shares) | shares	(6,294)
Ending balance (in Shares) | shares	279,957
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 11.00
Granted (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	6.16
Vested/Release (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	11.15
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	9.93
Ending balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 8.60

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Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Income tax (benefit) expense	$ 0	$ 1,000	$ 0	$ 1,000
Effective tax rate	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic	$ (51,470,807)	$ (6,187,306)	$ (60,669,615)	$ (11,549,026)
Net loss attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted	$ (51,470,807)	$ (6,187,306)	$ (60,669,615)	$ (11,549,026)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, basic (in Shares)	19,064,854	18,668,009	18,965,167	14,560,862
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Nuvve Holding Corp. common stockholders, diluted (in Shares)	19,064,854	18,668,009	18,965,167	14,560,862
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, basic (in Dollars per share)	$ (2.70)	$ (0.33)	$ (3.20)	$ (0.79)
Net loss per share attributable to Nuvve common stockholders, diluted (in Dollars per share)	$ (2.70)	$ (0.33)	$ (3.20)	$ (0.79)

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Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders - Schedule of Diluted Net Loss Attributable to Nuvve common stockholders (Details) - shares	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	18,923,118	12,866,935	19,091,549	7,504,346
Stock options issued and outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	2,688,173	2,505,711	2,858,756	1,792,556
Nonvested restricted stock issued and outstanding
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	869,945	677,543	867,793	582,148
Public warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	2,875,000	2,875,000	2,875,000	1,627,060
Private warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	136,250	136,250	136,250	77,109
PIPE warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	1,353,750	1,353,750	1,353,750	766,133
Stonepeak and Evolve warrants
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	6,000,000	2,901,099	6,000,000	1,450,549
Stonepeak and Evolve options
Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share [Line Items]
Antidilutive securities excluded from the computation of earnings per share (in Shares)	5,000,000	2,417,582	5,000,000	1,208,791

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Related Parties (Details) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Apr. 23, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	May 17, 2021
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Revenue from related parties			$ 0	$ 252,000	$ 28,000	$ 399,620
Accounts receivable, related parties	$ 0		$ 0		$ 0
Sale price (in Dollars per share)							$ 50.00
Chief Executive Officer And Chief Operating Officer
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)	134,499	134,499
Sale price (in Dollars per share)	$ 14.87	$ 14.87	$ 14.87		$ 14.87
Gross proceeds from offering	$ 2,000,000	$ 2,000,000

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Leases - Narrative (Details) - ft²	Apr. 15, 2022	Nov. 03, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease, rental abatement period	2 months
Main Office Lease
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net rentable area		4,811
Operating lease, fixed percent increase in rental payment		3.00%

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Leases - Lease cost (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Right-of-use operating assets	$ 5,195,474		$ 5,195,474		$ 3,483,042
Finance lease assets	20,827		20,827
Operating and finance lease right-of-use assets	$ 5,216,301		$ 5,216,301
Finance lease, right-of-use asset, statement of financial position [extensible list]	Property and equipment, net		Property and equipment, net
Operating lease liabilities - current	$ 455,064		$ 455,064		41,513
Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent	5,053,219		5,053,219		$ 3,441,642
Finance lease liabilities - current	7,022		7,022
Finance lease liabilities - noncurrent	15,120		15,120
Total lease obligations	$ 5,530,425		$ 5,530,425
Operating lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position, extensible list	Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent		Operating lease liabilities - noncurrent
Finance lease, liability, current, statement of financial position, extensible list	Other liabilities		Other liabilities
Finance lease, liability, noncurrent, statement of financial position, extensible list	Other long-term liabilities		Other long-term liabilities
Total lease expense	$ 166,126	$ 36,096	$ 349,226	$ 94,527
Selling, general and administrative
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Operating lease expense	164,076	33,396	340,597	91,827
Amortization of finance lease assets	1,451	2,190	7,391	2,190
Interest expense
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Interest expense	$ 599	$ 510	$ 1,238	$ 510

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Leases - Schedule of operating lease liability maturity (Details)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Operating Lease
2022	$ 127,621
2023	792,918
2024	824,712
2025	822,352
2026	847,022
Thereafter	4,631,866
Total lease payments	8,046,491
Less: interest	(2,538,208)
Total lease obligations	5,508,283
Finance Lease
2022	3,511
2023	7,022
2024	7,022
2025	7,022
2026	0
Thereafter	1,755
Total lease payments	26,332
Less: interest	(4,190)
Total lease obligations	$ 22,142

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Leases - Lease term, discount rate, and other information (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021
Weighted-average remaining lease terms (in years):
Operating lease	9 years 6 months
Finance lease	3 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate:
Operating lease	7.80%
Finance lease	7.80%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$ 80,869	$ 94,818
Operating cash flows from finance leases	1,238	510
Financing cash flows from finance leases	4,425	1,989
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities	20,827	29,977
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 0	$ 0

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Leases - Sublease (Details)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
	Apr. 30, 2022 USD ($) ft²	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)	Jun. 30, 2021 USD ($)
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Net area subleased | ft²	4,811
Sublease monthly rental income	$ 2,250
Minimum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease term	6 months
Maximum
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease term	12 months
Other, net
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Sublease lease income		$ 20,125	$ 0	$ 20,125	$ 0

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Commitments and Contingencies - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)		1 Months Ended	6 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Nov. 17, 2017	Oct. 31, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Jul. 20, 2021	Jun. 30, 2021	Sep. 01, 2016
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Installment amount			$ 200,000			$ 200,000	$ 400,000
Research agreement, renewal period		1 year
Related party debt outstanding			$ 66,667
Property expire			20 years
Royalty expense, aggregate amount under agreement			$ 700,000
Royalty expense			0	$ 0
Acquisition costs, amortization period	15 years
Investment			270,000
Purchase obligation					$ 13,200,000
Purchase obligation, purchases			$ 5,300,000
IP Acquisition Agreement
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Asset acquisition, upfront payment	$ 500,000
Asset acquisition, equity consideration transferred	1,491,556
Asset acquisition, consideration transferred	1,991,556
Royalties payments	$ 7,500,000

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Commitments and Contingencies - Schedule of milestone event (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	$ 7,500,000
10000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	500,000
20000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
40000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
60000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
80000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	750,000
100000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	1,000,000
200000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	1,000,000
250000
Other Commitments [Line Items]
Milestone payment amount	$ 2,000,000

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Non-Controlling Interest - Narrative (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($) vesting_installment $ / shares shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) $ / shares shares
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares) | shares	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares) | shares	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares) | shares	3,138	3,138
Less: Non-controlling redeemable preferred shares - embedded derivatives	$ 497,606
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, carrying amount	$ 2,640,394
Accretion period (in years)	7 years
Unrecognized compensation costs, period of recognition	2 years 9 months 18 days
Redeemable non controlling interests
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, carrying amount	$ 3,208,358	$ 2,885,426
Accretion value	$ 322,932
Class D Incentive Units
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	80.00%
Number of vesting installments | vesting_installment	4
Percentage of incentive units to be vested	20.00%
Compensation expense	$ 140,850
Total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested restricted stock	$ 2,698,822
Unrecognized compensation costs, period of recognition	3 years 9 months 18 days
Class D Incentive Units | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, All Tranches
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	80.00%
Class D Incentive Units | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche One
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Class D Incentive Units | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Two
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Class D Incentive Units | Share-Based Payment Arrangement, Tranche Three
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Class D Incentive Units | Share Based Arrangement Tranche Four
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Vesting percentage	25.00%
Levo Mobility LLC | Series B Preferred Stock
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares) | shares	1,000,000
Temporary equity, dividend rate, percentage	8.00%
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 1,000
Temporary equity, accretion of dividends	$ 192,071
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares) | shares	3,138
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares) | shares	3,138
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, fair value	$ 3,138,000

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Non-Controlling Interest - Series B Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138	3,138
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0	$ 0
Temporary equity, liquidation preference	$ 3,330,071
Series B Preferred Stock | Levo Mobility LLC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Temporary equity, shares authorized (in Shares)	1,000,000
Temporary equity, shares outstanding (in Shares)	3,138
Temporary equity, shares issued (in Shares)	3,138
Temporary equity, par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 1,000
Redeemable noncontrolling interest, equity, fair value	$ 3,138,000
Temporary equity, accretion of dividends	192,071
Temporary equity, liquidation preference	$ 3,330,071

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Non-Controlling Interest - Non-controlling interests presented as a separate component of stockholders’ equity (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended			6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Mar. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2021
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Add: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$ (2,110,903)		$ 0	$ (2,211,837)	$ 0
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest	65,296	$ 64,015
Non-controlling interests	(3,236,683)			(3,236,683)		$ (572,604)
Levo Mobility LLC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Add: Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests				(2,211,837)
Preferred dividends - non-controlling interest				129,311
Preferred share Accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022				322,932
Non-controlling interests	$ (2,664,080)			$ (2,664,080)

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Non-Controlling Interest - Condensed consolidated statements of operations (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022	Jun. 30, 2022
Levo Mobility LLC
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests	$ (2,110,903)	$ (2,211,837)

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Non-Controlling Interest - Redeemable noncontrolling interest reconciliation (Details)	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Ending balance	$ 2,640,394
Redeemable non controlling interests
Increase (Decrease) in Temporary Equity [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	2,885,426
Preferred share Accretion adjustment as of June 30, 2022	322,932
Ending balance	$ 3,208,358

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Noncontrolling Interest - Schedule of Monte Carlo Simulation model to estimate the fair value of class D incentive Units (Details) - Class D Incentive Units	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022
Noncontrolling Interest [Line Items]
Expected life of options (in years)	5 years 6 months
Risk-free interest rate	3.02%
Volatility	69.50%

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Noncontrolling Interest - Schedule of nonvested Class D Incentive Units (Details) - Class D Incentive Units	6 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2022 $ / shares shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Number of Shares [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in Shares) | shares	0
Granted (in Shares) | shares	250,000
Vested/Release (in Shares) | shares	0
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Shares) | shares	0
Ending balance (in Shares) | shares	250,000
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award, Equity Instruments Other than Options, Nonvested, Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value [Abstract]
Beginning balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 0
Granted (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	13.28
Vested/Release (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Cancelled/Forfeited (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	0
Ending balance (in Dollars per share) | $ / shares	$ 13.28

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Subsequent Events - Narrative (Details) - Subsequent Event - Warehouse Space	1 Months Ended
	Jul. 31, 2022 USD ($) ft²
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Net rentable area | ft²	10,000
Lease term (in years)	36 months
Operating lease expense | $	$ 5,625
Operating lease, renewal term (in years)	36 months

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Subsequent Events - New Lease Liability Maturity (Details)	Jun. 30, 2022 USD ($)
Operating Lease
2022	$ 127,621
2023	792,918
2024	824,712
2025	822,352
Total lease payments	8,046,491
Warehouse Space
Operating Lease
2022	39,375
2023	67,500
2024	67,500
2025	28,125
Total lease payments	$ 202,500

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Subsequent Events - Securities Purchase Agreement, Pre-Funded Warrants and Warrants (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions			6 Months Ended
	Jul. 27, 2022	Feb. 19, 2020	Jun. 30, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)			$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Agent fee percentage			6.00%
Warrants
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)		5,750,000
Subsequent Event
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.50
Gross proceeds from offering	$ 14.0
Net proceeds from offering	$ 13.1
Subsequent Event | Common Stock
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Sale of units (in Shares)	2,150,000
Common stock par value (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Subsequent Event | Prefunded Warrant
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)	1,850,000
Per unit price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.4999
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 0.0001
Warrants or rights exercisable term	5 years
Subsequent Event | Warrants
Subsequent Event [Line Items]
Number of securities called by warrants (in shares)	4,000,000
Exercise price (in Dollars per share)	$ 3.75
Class of warrant or right, number of securities called by each warrant	1