Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

16. Income Taxes

On a consolidated basis, the Company recorded total income tax expense of $0.4 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s quarterly tax provision, and estimate of its annual effective tax rate, is subject to variation due to several factors, including the ability to accurately project the Company’s pre-tax income or loss for the year and the mix of earnings among various tax jurisdictions. The year-to-date

effective tax rate, after discrete items, of (0.30)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, changed from (0.32)% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, as the Company is forecasting reduction in losses for 2025. The income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 primarily relates to the pre-tax income projections in certain foreign jurisdictions where the Company files standalone returns. The income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 relates to the pre-tax income projections and dividend income withholding tax paid in certain foreign jurisdictions where the Company files standalone returns.

As of each reporting date, the Company considers existing evidence, both positive and negative, that could impact management’s view with regard to future realization of deferred income tax assets. The Company is in a three-year cumulative loss position as of September 30, 2025. Further, due to losses being estimated in the future, management continues to believe it is more likely than not that the benefit of the deferred income tax assets will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, the Company continues to provide a full valuation allowance on deferred income tax assets.