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Statutory Surplus Reserves and Restricted Net Assets
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Statutory Surplus Reserves and Restricted Net Assets [Abstract]  
Statutory Surplus Reserves and Restricted Net Assets

15. Statutory Surplus Reserves and Restricted Net Assets

 

Pursuant to laws applicable to entities incorporated in the PRC, the Company is required to make appropriations to certain reserve funds, comprising the statutory surplus reserve and the discretionary surplus reserve, based on after-tax net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the PRC (“PRC GAAP”). Appropriations to the statutory surplus reserve are required to be at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined in accordance with PRC GAAP until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entity’s registered capital. Appropriations to the discretionary surplus reserve are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors. And as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company did not have a discretionary surplus reserve. As of December 31, 2024, all of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries reserves had reached 50% of their registered capital threshold and, as a result, the Company stopped being required to allocate after-tax profits to this reserve.

 

As a result of these PRC laws and regulations and the requirement that distributions by PRC entities can only be paid out of distributable profits computed in accordance with PRC GAAP, the PRC entities are restricted from transferring a portion of their net assets to the Company. Amounts restricted include paid-in capital and the statutory reserves of the Company’s PRC subsidiaries. The aggregate amounts of capital and statutory reserves restricted which represented the amount of net assets of the relevant subsidiaries in the Company not available for distribution was $16,238,283 and $15,985,627 as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

 

Under PRC laws and regulations, statutory surplus reserves are restricted to set-off against losses, expansion of production and operation and increasing registered capital of the respective company and are not distributable other than upon liquidation. The reserves are not allowed to be transferred to the Company in terms of cash dividends, loans or advances, nor allowed for distribution except under liquidation.