UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2023

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 000-56269

MARATHON BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland	86-2191258
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

500 Scott Street, Wausau, Wisconsin	54403
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (715) 845-7331

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
None	None	None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common stock, par value $.01 per share

(title of class)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☐      No     ⌧

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐      No     ⌧

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ⌧      No     ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ⌧       No    ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	⌧	Smaller reporting company	☒
Emerging growth company	☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7263(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Exchange Act. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐       

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐    

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐     No ⌧

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, computed by reference to the last sale price on December 31, 2022 was $15,250,144.

As of September 19, 2023, there were 2,157,497 shares of the registrant’s common stock issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of the Registrant (Part III).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT

FOR THE YEAR ENDED

June 30, 2023

MARATHON BANCORP, INC.

			Page
PART I			3
	Item 1.	Business	5
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	35
	Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	35
	Item 2.	Properties	35
	Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	35
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosure	35
PART II			36
	Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	36
	Item 6.	Reserved	37
	Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37
	Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	49
	Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	50
	Item 9.	Changes In and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	93
	Item 9A	Controls and Procedures	93
	Item 9B.	Other Information	95
	Item 9C.	Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions That Prevent Inspections	95
PART III			95
	Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	95
	Item 11.	Executive Compensation	95
	Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	95
	Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	96
	Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	96
PART IV			97
	Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	97
	Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	98

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PART I

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which can be identified by the use of words such as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “potential,” “target” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

· statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;

· statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

· statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

· estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. We are under no duty to and do not take any obligation to update any forward-looking statements after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

● inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, our mortgage banking revenues, the fair value of financial instruments or our level of loan originations, or increase the level of defaults, losses and prepayments on loans we have made and make;

● general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, that are worse than expected;

● events involving the failure of financial institutions may adversely affect our business, and the market price of our common stock;

● changes in the level and direction of loan delinquencies and write-offs and changes in estimates of the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses;

● our ability to access cost-effective funding;

● fluctuations in real estate values and both residential and commercial real estate market conditions;

● demand for loans and deposits in our market area;

● our ability to implement and change our business strategies;

● competition among depository and other financial institutions;

● adverse changes in the securities or secondary mortgage markets, including our ability to sell loans in the secondary market;

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● changes in laws or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;

● changes in the quality or composition of our loan or investment portfolios;

● technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;

● the inability of third-party providers to perform as expected;

● a failure or breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, including cyberattacks;

● our ability to manage market risk, credit risk and operational risk in the current economic environment;

● our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

● our ability to successfully integrate into our operations any assets, liabilities, customers, systems and management personnel we may acquire and our ability to realize related revenue synergies and cost savings within expected time frames, and any goodwill charges related thereto;

● changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;

● changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

● our ability to retain key employees;

● any future FDIC insurance premium increases or special assessments may adversely affect our earnings;

● our ability to prevent or mitigate fraudulent activity;

● risks and uncertainties related to the restatement of certain of our historical consolidated financial statements;

● our ability to evaluate the amount and timing of recognition of future tax assets and liabilities;

● our ability to control operating costs and expenses, including compensation expense associated with equity allocated or awarded to our employees; and

● changes in the financial condition, results of operations or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements.

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ITEM 1: BUSINESS

BUSINESS OF MARATHON BANCORP, INC.

Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company” or “Marathon Bancorp”), a Maryland corporation, was formed in December 2020 to serve as the mid-tier holding company for Marathon Bank (the “Bank”) upon the completion of the Bank’s mutual holding company reorganization and offering.

On April 14, 2021, the Bank completed its reorganization into the mutual holding company structure and the related stock offering of the Company, the Bank’s new holding company. As a result of the reorganization, the Bank became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, the Company issued and sold 45.0% of its outstanding shares in its stock offering to the public, and the Company issued 55.0% of its outstanding shares to Marathon MHC, which is the Company’s mutual holding company. A total of 1,003,274 shares of common stock were sold in the stock offering to depositors of the Bank and other members of the public, including the Bank’s employee stock ownership plan at a price of $10.00 per share. A total of 1,226,223 shares of common stock were issued to Marathon MHC. Gross offering proceeds totaled $10.0 million. The Company’s common stock is quoted on the OTC Pink Marketplace under the trading symbol MBBC.

Marathon Bancorp, as the holding company of Marathon Bank, is authorized to pursue other business activities permitted by applicable laws and regulations for bank holding companies, which may include the acquisition of banking and financial services companies. The Company is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System ( the “Federal Reserve Board”) and the Wisconsin Department of Financial Institutions (the “WDFI”).

Our cash flow depends on earnings from the investment of the net proceeds we retained, and any dividends received from Marathon Bank. Currently, Marathon Bancorp does not own nor lease any property, but instead uses the premises, equipment and furniture of Marathon Bank. At the present time, we employ only persons who are officers of Marathon Bank to serve as officers of Marathon Bancorp. We also use the support staff of Marathon Bank from time to time. These persons are not separately compensated by Marathon Bancorp. Marathon Bancorp may hire additional employees, as appropriate, to the extent it expands its business in the future.

The Company files interim, quarterly and annual reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). The SEC maintains an Internet site (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers such as the Company that file electronically with the SEC. All filed SEC reports and interim filings can also be obtained from the Company’s website www.marathonbancorp.com  on the “Investor Relations” page, without charge from the Company.

BUSINESS OF MARATHON MHC

Marathon MHC was formed as a Wisconsin-chartered mutual holding company and will at all times own a majority of the outstanding shares of Marathon Bancorp’s common stock. Depositors of Marathon Bank are members of Marathon MHC and have voting rights in the affairs of Marathon MHC.

Marathon MHC’s principal assets are the common stock of Marathon Bancorp it received in the reorganization and offering and $100,000 cash in initial capitalization, which was contributed by Marathon Bank. Presently, it is expected that the only business activity of Marathon MHC will be to own a majority of Marathon Bancorp’s common stock. Marathon MHC will be authorized, however, to engage in any other business activities that are permissible for mutual holding companies under state and federal law, including investing in loans and securities. Marathon MHC is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Federal Reserve Board and the WDFI.

Marathon MHC does not own nor lease any property, but instead uses the premises, equipment and furniture of Marathon Bank. Marathon MHC currently employs only persons who are officers of Marathon Bank to serve as officers of Marathon MHC. Those persons are not separately compensated by Marathon MHC. The directors of Marathon MHC consist of the current directors of Marathon Bank.

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BUSINESS OF MARATHON BANK

General

Marathon Bank is a Wisconsin-chartered savings bank headquartered in Wausau, Wisconsin. The Bank is subject to comprehensive regulation and examination by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the WDFI. Founded in 1902, we conduct our business from our main office and three branch offices, which are located in Marathon and Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin. Our primary market area for deposits includes the communities in which we maintain our banking office locations, while our primary lending market area is broader and includes select businesses and customers in Southeastern Wisconsin. We are a community-oriented bank offering a variety of financial products and services to meet the needs of our customers. We believe that our community orientation and personalized service distinguishes us from larger banks that operate in our market area.

From our founding until 2014, we operated as a traditional thrift institution, offering primarily residential mortgage loans and savings accounts. In February 2014, we hired our current president and chief executive officer, Nicholas W. Zillges, and since this time we have strengthened and modernized our operations through upgrades to our credit, underwriting, information technology and compliance operations. Under the leadership of Mr. Zillges, we have developed a commercial real estate lending infrastructure, with a particular focus on expanding into Southeastern Wisconsin, including the Milwaukee metropolitan area, to diversify our balance sheet, which included reducing our investment portfolio and using those funds to grow our commercial loan portfolio. As part of our effort to expand into Southeastern Wisconsin, in 2018 we opened a new branch in Mequon, Wisconsin. We expect to open a new branch in Brookfield, Wisconsin in the third quarter of fiscal 2024 subject to the receipt of applicable regulatory approvals. Additionally, consistent with our strategy to grow our commercial loan operations, we have enhanced our suite of deposit products, including remote deposit capture, commercial cash management and mobile deposits in order to accommodate business customers, and thereby grow our core deposits. While we have developed our commercial real estate platform in recent years, we also remain committed to our local community and intend to continue to be a significant one- to four-family residential mortgage lender in our market areas.

Our business consists primarily of taking deposits from the general public and investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations, in commercial and multifamily real estate loans, one- to four-family residential real estate loans and, to a lesser extent, commercial and industrial loans, construction loans and consumer loans. Subject to market conditions, we expect to continue our focus on originating more commercial real estate and multifamily real estate loans in an effort to further diversify our overall loan portfolio, increase the overall yield earned on our loans and assist in managing interest rate risk. We also invest in debt securities, which have historically consisted of mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government sponsored enterprises, municipal securities, corporate debt securities and U.S. government and agency securities. We offer a variety of deposit accounts, including checking accounts, savings accounts, money market accounts and certificate of deposit accounts. We borrow funds, primarily from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, to fund our operations as necessary.

At June 30, 2023, we had total consolidated assets of $238.8 million, total deposits of $197.3 million and total stockholders’ equity of $31.3 million. Our executive office is located at 500 Scott Street, Wausau, Wisconsin 53226, and our telephone number at this address is (715) 845-7331. Our website address is www.marathonbank.com. Information on our website is not and should not be considered a part of this Form 10-K.

Market Area

We conduct our business from our main office and three branch offices, which are located in Marathon and Ozaukee Counties, Wisconsin. Our primary market area is broadly defined as the Wausau, Wisconsin metropolitan area, including Marathon and Ozaukee Counties. In recent years, we have expanded our operations into Southeastern Wisconsin, primarily Milwaukee and Waukesha counties. We expect further growth in the Southeastern Wisconsin market area, including the Milwaukee metropolitan area. The following discusses the demographics of the counties in which we operate.

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Marathon County’s total population for 2023 is estimated at 139,198, approximately 3.83% growth since 2010. A relatively high percentage of Marathon County’s non-farm, non-government workforce is in the education, healthcare and manufacturing sectors, estimated at over 36% of the labor force. Other significant employer industries in the county include wholesale/retail trade and finance/insurance/real estate. Median household income for 2023 in Marathon County is estimated to be $72,997.

Ozaukee County’s total population for 2023 is estimated at 93,036, approximately 7.69% growth since 2010. Leisure and hospitality, education and healthcare represent over 26% of the labor force. Other significant employer industries in Ozaukee County include retail trade and services and manufacturing. Median household income for 2023 in Ozaukee County is estimated to be $86,915.

Milwaukee County’s total population for 2023 is estimated at 937,014, an approximately 1.13% decrease since 2010. Milwaukee County’s most significant employers are in the manufacturing, education, healthcare, retail trade and finance/insurance/real estate industries. Median household income for 2023 in Milwaukee County is estimated to be $56,347.

Waukesha County’s total population for 2023 is estimated at 412,105, approximately 4.92% growth since 2010. The most significant employers in Waukesha county are in the manufacturing, education, health care, wholesale/retail trade, services and finance/insurance/real estate industries. Waukesha County has the highest median household income of any of Marathon Bank’s market area counties, estimated to be $103,177 for 2023.

Unemployment rates as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022 are set forth in the following table.

Region	June 2023		June 2022
United States	3.6	%	3.6	%
Wisconsin	2.5	%	2.9	%
Marathon County	3.2	%	3.0	%
Ozaukee County	3.1	%	3.0	%
Milwaukee County	4.3	%	4.7	%
Waukesha County	3.1	%	3.0	%

Major employers in Marathon Bank’s market area are United Health Group, United Medical Resources, Aspirus, Columbia-St. Mary’s hospital, Aurora Health Care, Ascension Wisconsin, GE Healthcare Technologies, Kroger Co. and Kohl’s.

Competition

We face competition within our market area both in making loans and attracting deposits. Our market area has a concentration of financial institutions that include large money center and regional banks, community banks and credit unions. We also face competition from savings institutions, mortgage banking firms, consumer finance companies and credit unions and, with respect to deposits, from money market funds, brokerage firms, mutual funds and insurance companies. We also compete with fintech and internet banking companies. Some of our competitors offer products and services that we currently do not offer, such as trust services and private banking. As of June 30, 2022 (the most recent date for which data is available), our market share of deposits represented 3.68% of FDIC-insured deposits in Marathon County, ranking us eighth in market share of deposits out of 18 institutions operating in the county. In addition, as of that date, our market share of deposits represented 0.89% of FDIC-insured deposits in Ozaukee County, ranking us 14th in market share of deposits out of 15 institutions operating in the county.

Lending Activities

General. Our lending activity consists of originating commercial and multifamily real estate loans, one- to four-family residential real estate loans and, to a lesser extent, commercial and industrial loans, construction loans and consumer loans. Subject to market conditions, we intend to increase originations of commercial real estate loans and multifamily real estate loans in order to increase the overall yield earned on our loans and manage interest rate risk.

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We generally sell the fixed-rate conforming one- to four-family residential real estate loans that we originate, generally on a servicing-retained basis, while holding in our portfolio adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans in order to manage the duration and time to repricing of our loan portfolio.

Loan Portfolio Composition. The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio by type of loan at the dates indicated.

	At June 30,
	2023			2022
	Amount		Percent	Amount		Percent
		(Dollars in thousands)
Real Estate
One- to four-family residential real estate (1)	$	59,563	29.8%	$	51,891	27.6%
Multifamily		44,184	22.1%		33,945	18.1%
Commercial		84,581	42.3%		80,603	42.9%
Construction		1,905	1.0%		10,582	5.6%
Commercial and industrial		6,878	3.4%		8,779	4.7%
Consumer		2,825	1.4%		2,100	1.1%
Total loans		199,936	100.0%		187,900	100.0%
Less:
Deferred loan fees		63			75
Allowance for losses		2,159			2,195
Total loans, net	$	197,714		$	185,630

(1) Includes loans held for sale of $0 and $78,000 at June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively.

Contractual Maturities. The following tables set forth the contractual maturities of our total loan portfolio at June 30, 2023. Demand loans, loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity, and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less. The tables present contractual maturities and do not reflect repricing or the effect of prepayments. Actual maturities may differ. Excludes loans held for sale.

							One- to Four-
	Commercial		Commercial				Family
	Real Estate		and Industrial		Construction		Residential
		(In thousands)
Amounts due in:
One year or less	$	9,801	$	433	$	—	$	2,296
More than one to five years		72,917		3,832		1,905		16,228
More than five to 15 years		1,715		2,613		—		3,250
More than 15 years		148		—		—		37,789
Total	$	84,581	$	6,878	$	1,905	$	59,563

	Multifamily
	Real Estate		Consumer		Total
		(In thousands)
Amounts due in:
One year or less	$	434	$	1,158	$	14,122
More than one to five years		42,255		1,623		138,760
More than five to 15 years		1,495		42		9,115
More than 15 years		—		2		37,939
Total	$	44,184	$	2,825	$	199,936

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The following table sets forth our fixed and adjustable-rate loans at June 30, 2024 that are contractually due after June 30, 2023. Our balloon loans are included as fixed-rate loans for purposes of this table.

		Due After June 30, 2024
	Fixed		Adjustable		Total
		(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One- to four-family residential	$	17,405	$	39,861	$	57,266
Multifamily		38,822		4,928		43,750
Commercial		73,173		1,607		74,780
Construction		1,905		—		1,905
Commercial and industrial loans		6,446		—		6,446
Consumer		638		1,029		1,667
Total loans	$	138,389	$	47,425	$	185,814

Commercial Real Estate Lending. Consistent with our strategy to diversify our loan portfolio and increase our yield, we are focused on increasing our origination of commercial real estate loans. At June 30, 2023, we had $84.6 million in commercial real estate loans, representing 42.3% of our total loan portfolio. Our commercial real estate loans are generally secured by office and industrial buildings, warehouses, small retail facilities and other special purpose commercial properties, primarily in Southeastern Wisconsin. At June 30, 2023, $76.9 million of our commercial real estate portfolio was secured by non-owner-occupied commercial real estate.

Our commercial real estate loans generally are fixed rate, have initial terms of five years and amortization periods of up to 20 years, with a balloon payment due at the end of the initial term. The maximum loan-to-value ratio of our commercial real estate loans is generally 75% of the lower of cost or appraised value of the property securing the loan.

At June 30, 2023, the average loan size of our commercial real estate loans was $843,000, and the largest of such loans was a $3.2 million loan secured by a commercial retail rental property. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at June 30, 2023.

We consider a number of factors in originating commercial real estate loans. We evaluate the qualifications and financial condition of the borrower, including project-level and global cash flows, credit history, and management expertise, as well as the value and condition of the property securing the loan. When evaluating the qualifications of the borrower, we consider the financial resources of the borrower, the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar property and the borrower’s payment history with us and other financial institutions. In evaluating the property securing the loan, the factors we consider include the net operating income of the mortgaged property before debt service and depreciation, the ratio of the loan amount to the appraised value of the mortgaged property and the debt service coverage ratio (the ratio of net operating income to debt service). We generally require a debt service ratio of at least 1.25x. All commercial real estate loans of $500,000 or more are appraised by outside independent appraisers.

Personal guarantees are generally obtained from the principals of commercial real estate loans. We require property and casualty insurance and flood insurance if the property is determined to be in a flood zone area.

Multifamily Real Estate Loans. At June 30, 2023, multifamily real estate loans were $44.2 million, or 22.1%, of our total loan portfolio, which was partly due to our purchases of participation interests in multifamily real estate loans totaling $8.4 million. Our multifamily real estate loans are generally secured by properties consisting of five or more rental units in our market area. Our multifamily real estate loans generally have fixed rates, initial terms of five years and amortization periods of up to 20 years, with a balloon payment due at the end of the initial term. Virtually all of our multifamily real estate loans are secured by properties located within our primary lending markets in Wisconsin.

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At June 30, 2023, the average loan size of our multifamily real estate loans was $1.1 million and the largest of such loans was a $3.4 million loan secured by multiple non-owner-occupied rental properties. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at June 30, 2023.

In underwriting multifamily real estate loans, we consider a number of factors, which include the projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement (generally requiring a minimum of 125%), the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower and the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Multifamily real estate loans are generally originated in amounts up to 80% of the appraised value or the purchase price of the property securing the loan, whichever is lower. When circumstances warrant, guarantees are obtained from multifamily real estate customers. In addition, the borrower’s and guarantor’s financial information on such loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statement updates. Underwriting for our multifamily loan participations is the same as for those internally originated.

One- to Four-Family Residential Real Estate Lending. At June 30, 2023, we had $59.6 million of loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate, representing 29.8% of our total loan portfolio, which included no residential mortgages held for sale. We originate both fixed-rate and adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans. At June 30, 2023, 34.5% of our one- to four-family residential real estate loans were fixed-rate loans, and 65.5% of such loans were adjustable-rate loans. At June 30, 2023, $3.0 million of our loans secured by one- to four-family residential real estate were in a junior lien position.

Our fixed-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans typically have terms of 10 to 30 years and are generally underwritten according to Fannie Mae guidelines when the loan balance meets such guidelines, and we refer to loans that conform to such guidelines as “conforming loans.” We generally originate both fixed- and adjustable-rate mortgage loans in amounts up to the maximum conforming loan limits as established by the Federal Housing Finance Agency, which as of June 30, 2023 was $726,200 for single-family homes in our market area. We typically sell our conforming fixed-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans to government-sponsored enterprises such as Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and through the Federal Home Loan Bank’s Mortgage Partnership Finance Program. We service all the loans that we sell. We also originate loans above the lending limit for conforming loans, which are referred to as “jumbo loans.” We retain a majority of our jumbo loans in our loan portfolio. Jumbo loans that we originate may be fixed- or adjustable-rate loans and typically have 10 to 30 year terms with maximum loan-to-value ratios of 80%. At June 30, 2023, we had $22.8 million in jumbo loans, which represented 38.3% of our one- to four-family residential real estate loans. Our average loan size for jumbo loans was $1.3 million at June 30, 2023. Virtually all of our one- to four-family residential real estate loans are secured by properties located in Marathon County, Wisconsin.

Our adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans carry terms to maturity ranging up to 30 years and generally have fixed rates for initial terms of five years, although we also offer terms of three or seven years. Generally, our adjustable rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans are not adjusted based on an index but are adjusted from time-to-time internally at the discretion of Marathon Bank. The maximum amount by which the initial interest rate may be increased is up to 1.0% per year during the adjustment period, with a lifetime interest rate cap of 15% over the initial interest rate of the loan. We typically hold in our loan portfolio our adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans.

We generally limit the loan-to-value ratios of our mortgage loans without private mortgage insurance to 80% of the sales price or appraised value, whichever is lower. Loans where the borrower obtains private mortgage insurance may be made with loan-to-value ratios up to 100%.

We generally do not offer “interest only” mortgage loans on permanent one- to four-family residential real estate loans (where the borrower pays interest for an initial period, after which the loan converts to a fully amortizing loan). We also do not offer loans that provide for negative amortization of principal, such as “Option ARM” loans, where the borrower can pay less than the interest owed on the loan, resulting in an increased principal balance during the life of the loan. We do not have a “subprime lending” program for one- to four-family residential real estate loans (i.e., loans that generally target borrowers with weakened credit histories).

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Generally, residential mortgage loans that we originate include “due-on-sale” clauses, which give us the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event that, among other things, the borrower sells or otherwise disposes of the real property subject to the mortgage and the loan is not repaid. All borrowers are required to obtain title insurance for the benefit of Marathon Bank. We also require homeowner’s insurance and fire and casualty insurance and, where circumstances warrant, flood insurance on properties securing real estate loans.

Commercial and Industrial Loans. At June 30, 2023, we had $6.9 million of commercial and industrial loans, representing 3.4% of our total portfolio. These loans are generally originated to small businesses and medical providers in our primary market areas. Our commercial and industrial loans are generally used by the borrowers for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment or inventory. To the extent these loans are secured, they are primarily secured by business assets other than real estate, such as business equipment, inventory and accounts receivable. Our commercial and industrial loans are generally lines of credit with terms of one to two years. Our commercial and industrial lines of credit are generally priced on an adjustable-rate basis tied to The Wall Street Journal Prime Rate. We generally obtain personal guarantees with commercial and industrial loans.

At June 30, 2023, the average loan size of our commercial and industrial loans was $83,000, and our largest outstanding commercial and industrial loan balance was a $578,000 loan to a trucking company. This loan was performing in accordance with its repayment terms at June 30, 2023.

When making commercial and industrial loans, we consider the financial statements of the borrower, our lending history with the borrower, the debt service capabilities of the borrower, the projected cash flows of the business and the value of the collateral, accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Depending on the collateral used to secure the loans, commercial and industrial loans are made in amounts generally of up to 75% of the value of the collateral securing the loan. At June 30, 2023, $3.8 million of commercial and industrial loans were unsecured.

Construction Loans. At June 30, 2023, construction loans totaled $1.9 million, or 1.0% of our total loan portfolio. We also have undrawn amounts on construction loans totaling $215,000 at June 30, 2023. Most of these loans are with local developers for the construction of commercial real estate developments and are secured by properties located in our primary market areas. Because our construction loan originations are with select customers, the terms of our construction loan originations are not based on standardized terms and instead are individually negotiated.

Consumer Lending. To a much lesser extent, we offer a variety of consumer loans to individuals who reside or work in our market area, including home equity lines of credit, new and used automobile loans, and loans secured by certificates of deposit. At June 30, 2023, our consumer loan portfolio totaled $2.8 million, or 1.4% of our total loan portfolio. At June 30, 2023, we had $114,315 in unsecured consumer loans.

At June 30, 2023, home equity lines of credit (which we categorize as consumer loans) totaled $1.1 million in outstanding balances. The underwriting standards utilized for home equity lines of credit include a determination of the applicant’s credit history, an assessment of the applicant’s ability to meet existing obligations and payments on the proposed loan and the value of the collateral securing the loan. Home equity lines of credit are offered with an aggregate loan-to-value ratio up to 80%. Our home equity lines of credit are generally 10-year balloon loans. Our home equity lines of credit have adjustable rates of interest which are indexed to the Prime Rate, as reported in The Wall Street Journal.

Loan Underwriting Risks

Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Real Estate Loans. Loans secured by commercial and multifamily real estate generally have larger balances and involve a greater degree of risk than one- to four-family residential real estate loans. The primary concerns in commercial and multifamily real estate lending are the borrower’s creditworthiness and the feasibility and cash flow potential of the project. Payments on loans secured by income properties often depend on successful operation and management of the properties. As a result, repayment of such loans may be subject, to a greater extent than residential real estate loans, to adverse conditions in the real estate market or the economy. Continued uncertainty or weakness in economic conditions may impair a borrower’s business operations and lead to existing lease turnover. Vacancy rates for retail, office and industrial space may increase which could result in

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rents falling. The contribution of these factors could result in the deterioration of the fundamentals underlying the commercial real estate market and lead to the deterioration in value of some of our loans. To monitor cash flows on income properties, we require borrowers and loan guarantors to provide annual financial statements on commercial real estate loans. In reaching a decision on whether to make a commercial or multifamily real estate loan, we consider and review a global cash flow analysis of the borrower and consider the net operating income of the property, the borrower’s expertise, credit history and profitability, and the value of the underlying property. A Phase I environmental site assessment is obtained when the possibility exists that hazardous materials may have existed on the site, or the site may have been impacted by adjoining properties that handled hazardous materials.

If we foreclose on a commercial or multifamily real estate loan, the marketing and liquidation period to convert the real estate asset to cash can be lengthy with substantial holding costs. In addition, vacancies, deferred maintenance, repairs and market stigma can result in prospective buyers expecting sale price concessions to offset their real or perceived economic losses for the time it takes them to return the property to profitability. Depending on the individual circumstances, initial charge-offs and subsequent losses on commercial and multifamily real estate loans can be unpredictable and substantial.

One- to Four-Family Non-Owner Occupied Residential Real Estate Loans. One- to four-family non-owner occupied residential real estate loans are subject to some of the same risks as our commercial real estate and multifamily real estate loans, in that they depend on the borrower’s creditworthiness and the feasibility and cash flow potential of the project. Such loans are also subject to similar risks with respect to foreclosures and subsequent operations of the property and resale.

Construction, Land and Development Loans. Our construction loans are based upon estimates of costs and values associated with the completed project. Underwriting is focused on the borrowers’ financial strength, credit history and demonstrated ability to produce a quality product and effectively market and manage their operations.

Construction lending involves additional risks when compared with permanent lending because funds are advanced upon the security of the project, which is of uncertain value prior to its completion. Because of the uncertainties inherent in estimating construction costs, as well as the market value of the completed project and the effects of governmental regulation of real property, it is relatively difficult to evaluate accurately the total funds required to complete a project and the related loan-to-value ratio. In addition, generally during the term of a construction loan, interest may be funded by the borrower or disbursed from an interest reserve set aside from the construction loan budget. These loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment primarily dependent on the success of the ultimate project and the ability of the borrower to sell or lease the property or obtain permanent take-out financing, rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. If the appraised value of a completed project proves to be overstated, we may have inadequate security for the repayment of the loan upon completion of construction of the project and may incur a loss.

Commercial and Industrial Loans. Commercial and industrial loans generally have greater credit risk than residential real estate loans. Unlike residential real estate loans, which generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from his or her employment or other income, and which are secured by real property whose value tends to be more easily ascertainable, commercial and industrial loans generally are made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to repay the loan from the cash flow of the borrower’s business. As a result, the availability of funds for the repayment of commercial and industrial loans may depend substantially on the success of the business itself. Further, any collateral securing the loans may depreciate over time, may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value. We try to minimize these risks through our underwriting standards.

Consumer Loans. Consumer loans other than home equity loans generally have greater risk compared to longer-term loans secured by improved, owner-occupied real estate, particularly consumer loans that are secured by rapidly depreciable assets, such as automobiles. In these cases, any repossessed collateral for a defaulted loan may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the outstanding loan balance. As a result, consumer loan collections are primarily dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability and thus are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.

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Balloon Loans. Although balloon mortgage loans may reduce to an extent our vulnerability to changes in market interest rates because they may reprice at the end of the term, subject to renegotiation of rate and terms at maturity, the ability of the borrower to renew or repay the loan and the marketability of the underlying collateral may be adversely affected if real estate values decline prior to the expiration of the term of the loan or in a rising interest rate environment.

Adjustable-Rate Loans. Although adjustable-rate mortgage loans may reduce to an extent our vulnerability to changes in market interest rates because they periodically re-price, as interest rates increase the required payments due from the borrower also increase (subject to rate caps), increasing the potential for default by the borrower. At the same time, the ability of the borrower to repay the loan and the marketability of the underlying collateral may be adversely affected by higher interest rates. Upward adjustments of the contractual interest rate are also limited by our maximum periodic and lifetime rate adjustments. Moreover, the interest rates on most of our adjustable-rate loans do not adjust for up to five years after origination. As a result, the effectiveness of adjustable-rate mortgage loans in compensating for changes in general interest rates may be limited during periods of rapidly rising interest rates.

Originations, Purchases and Sales of Loans

Residential lending activities are conducted by salaried and commissioned loan personnel operating at our main and branch office locations. Loans we originate are underwritten pursuant to our policies and procedures. Loans originated with the intent for sale are also underwritten pursuant to secondary market guidelines. Our ability to originate fixed-rate loans, adjustable-rate loans or balloon loans depends on relative customer demand for such loans, which can be affected by current and expected future levels of market interest rates. We originate residential real estate loans through our loan originators, marketing efforts, our customer base, walk-in customers and referrals from real estate brokers, builders, accountants and financial advisors.

Commercial lending activities are conducted by salaried commercial lenders operating primarily out of our main location. All loans originated by us are underwritten pursuant to our policies and procedures. Our commercial loans are typically fixed-rate balloon loans with terms of typically five years, with loan rates dependent on current and expected future levels of market interest rates. Commercial and multifamily lending are sourced primarily through loan originator contacts, networking and marketing efforts, our customer base and referrals from real estate brokers, accountants and financial advisors.

We currently sell a significant majority of the conforming fixed-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans we originate on the secondary market. We typically sell our conforming fixed-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans to Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and through the Federal Home Loan Bank’s Mortgage Partnership Finance Program. We service all the loans that we sell. During the year ended June 30, 2023, we originated $3.9 million of one- to four-family residential real estate loans and sold $4.0 million, and during the year ended June 30, 2022, we originated $16.8 million of one- to four-family residential real estate loans and sold $17.1 million. We recognize, at the time of sale, the cash gain or loss on the sale of the loans based on the difference between the net cash proceeds received and the carrying value of the loans sold.

We purchase loan participations secured by properties primarily within the state of Wisconsin in loans in which we are not the lead lender. In these circumstances, we follow our customary loan underwriting and approval policies. At June 30, 2023, the outstanding balances of our loan participations where we are not the lead lender totaled $16.6 million, or 8.3% of our loan portfolio, of which $6.4 million were commercial real estate loans, $8.4 million were multifamily real estate loans, and $1.8 million were commercial and industrial loans. All such loans were performing in accordance with their original repayment terms. We also have participated out portions of loans that exceeded our loans-to-one borrower legal lending limit and for risk diversification. At June 30, 2023, we had participated out portions of eight loans with an aggregate amount of $9.7 million. Historically, we have not purchased whole loans.

Loan Approval Procedures and Authority

Pursuant to applicable law, the aggregate amount of loans that we are permitted to make to any one borrower or a group of related borrowers is generally limited to 20% of our capital. This limit may be increased to 50% of capital for

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loans secured by certain assets. At June 30, 2023, based on the 20% limitation, our loans-to-one-borrower limit was approximately $6.1 million. At June 30, 2023, our largest loan relationship with one borrower was for $5.1 million, which was secured by commercial real estate properties, with the underlying loans performing in accordance with their original terms on that date.

Our lending is subject to written underwriting standards and origination procedures. Decisions on loan applications are made on the basis of detailed applications submitted by the prospective borrower, credit histories that we obtain, and property valuations (consistent with our appraisal policy) prepared by outside independent licensed appraisers approved by our board of directors as well as internal evaluations, where permitted by regulations. The loan applications are designed primarily to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the requested loan, and the more significant items on the application are verified through use of credit reports, bank statements and tax returns.

All loan approval amounts are based on the aggregate loans, including total balances of outstanding loans and the proposed loan to the individual borrower and any related entity. Our president and chief executive officer has individual authorization to approve loans up to $500,000. Our chief credit officer has individual authorization to approve loans up to $100,000. Our Loan Committee, which consists of at least two board members and our chief executive officer and chief credit officer can approve loans up to $1.0 million in the aggregate. Loans in excess of $1.0 million require the approval of our full board of directors.

Delinquencies and Asset Quality

Delinquency Procedures. When a loan payment becomes 10 days past due, we contact the customer by mailing a late notice, and loan officers may contact their customers. If a loan payment becomes 45 days past due, we mail an additional late notice and a loan-specific letter written by a collection representative, and we also place telephone calls to the borrower. These loan collection efforts continue until a loan becomes 90 days past due, at which point we would refer the loan for foreclosure proceedings unless management determines that it is in the best interest of Marathon Bank to work further with the borrower to arrange a workout plan. The foreclosure process would begin when a loan becomes 120 days delinquent. From time to time we may accept deeds in lieu of foreclosure.

Loans Past Due and Non-Performing Assets. Loans are reviewed on a regular basis. Management determines that a loan is impaired or non-performing when it is probable at least a portion of the loan will not be collected in accordance with the original terms due to a deterioration in the financial condition of the borrower or the value of the underlying collateral if the loan is collateral dependent. When a loan is determined to be impaired, the measurement of the loan in the allowance for loan losses is based on present value of expected future cash flows, except that all collateral-dependent loans are measured for impairment based on the fair value of the collateral. Non-accrual loans are loans for which collectability is questionable and, therefore, interest on such loans will no longer be recognized on an accrual basis. All loans that become 90 days or more delinquent are placed on non-accrual status unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection. When loans are placed on non-accrual status, unpaid accrued interest is fully reversed, and further income is recognized only to the extent received on a cash basis or cost recovery method.

When we acquire real estate as a result of foreclosure, the real estate is classified as foreclosed assets. Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets.

A loan was classified as a troubled debt restructuring if, for economic or legal reasons related to the borrower’s financial difficulties, we granted a concession to the borrower that we would not otherwise consider. This usually included a modification of loan terms, such as a reduction of the interest rate to below market terms, capitalizing past due interest or extending the maturity date and possibly a partial forgiveness of the principal amount due. Interest income on restructured loans was accrued after the borrower demonstrated the ability to pay under the restructured terms through a sustained period of repayment performance, which was generally six consecutive months.

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Delinquent Loans. The following table sets forth our loan delinquencies, including non-accrual loans, by type and amount at the dates indicated.

	At June 30,
	2023						2022
	30-59		60-89		90 Days		30-59		60-89		90 Days
	Days		Days		or More		Days		Days		or More
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Past Due
	(In thousands)
Real estate loans:
One- to four-family residential	$	27	$	—	$	—	$	70	$	—	$	115
Multifamily		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Construction		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial and industrial loans		16		—		—		—		—		—
Consumer loans		—		—		—		—
Total	$	43	$	—	$	—	$	70	$	—	$	115

Non-Performing Assets. The following table sets forth information regarding our non-performing assets. Non-performing assets includes other real estate owned of $2.3 million related to the foreclosure of collateral supporting a construction loan which was valued at $2.3 million and is included in foreclosed assets. The valuation was based on recently obtained independent appraisals subject to certain discounts less estimated costs to sell. Troubled debt restructurings include loans for which either a portion of interest or principal has been forgiven, or loans modified at interest rates materially less than current market rates.

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	At June 30,
	2023		2022
		(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate loans:
One- to four-family residential	$	—	$	64
Multifamily		—		—
Commercial		—		—
Construction		—		—
Commercial and industrial loans		—		—
Consumer loans		—		—
Total non-accrual loans		—		64
Accruing loans past due 90 days or more		—		51
Real estate owned:
One- to four-family residential		—		—
Multifamily		—		—
Commercial		—		—
Construction		2,312		—
Commercial and industrial		—		—
Consumer loans		—		—
Total real estate owned		2,312		—
Total non-performing assets	$	2,312	$	115
Total accruing troubled debt restructured loans	$	117	$	130
Total non-performing loans to total loans		—		0.06%
Total non-performing loans to total assets		—		0.05%
Total non-performing assets to total assets		0.97%		0.05%

Classified Assets. Federal regulations provide for the classification of loans and other assets, such as debt and equity securities considered to be of lesser quality, as “substandard,” “doubtful” or “loss.” An asset is considered “substandard” if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. “Substandard” assets include those characterized by the “distinct possibility” that the insured institution will sustain “some loss” if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as “doubtful” have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified “substandard,” with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make “collection or liquidation in full,” on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, “highly questionable and improbable.” Assets classified as “loss” are those considered “uncollectible” and of such little value that their continuance as assets without the establishment of a specific loss allowance is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the insured institution to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories but possess weaknesses are designated as “special mention” or “Watch” by our management.

When an insured institution classifies problem assets as either substandard or doubtful, it may establish general allowances in an amount deemed prudent by management to cover probable accrued losses. General allowances represent loss allowances which have been established to cover probable accrued losses associated with lending activities, but which, unlike specific allowances, have not been allocated to particular problem assets. When an insured institution classifies problem assets as “loss,” it is required either to establish a specific allowance for losses equal to 100% of that portion of the asset so classified or to charge-off such amount. An institution’s determination as to the classification of its assets and the amount of its valuation allowances is subject to review by the regulatory authorities, which may require the establishment of additional general or specific loss allowances.

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On the basis of our review of our loans our classified and special mention or watch loans at the dates indicated were as follows:

	At June 30,
	2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Classification of Loans:
Substandard	$	—	$	—
Doubtful		—		—
Loss		—		—
Total Classified Loans	$	—	$	—
Special Mention/Watch	$	—	$	1,389

During the year ended June 30, 2023, $1.4 million in commercial real estate loans previously rated special mention/watch were paid off in full by the respective borrower.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses established as losses is estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. General components cover non-impaired loans and are based on historical loss rates for each portfolio segment, adjusted for the effects of qualitative or environmental factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses as of the evaluation date to differ from the portfolio segment’s historical loss experience. Qualitative factors include consideration of the following: changes in lending policies and procedures; changes in economic conditions, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio; changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and other adversely graded loans; changes in the loan review system; changes in the value of the underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans; concentrations of credit; and the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements. At June 30, 2023, the qualitative loan portfolio risk factors were reduced in all loan categories except commercial and multi-family real estate which we believe exhibits the most credit risk related to local and national economic conditions as well as industry conditions and concentrations.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reason for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and commercial real estate loans by either the present value of expected future cash

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flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

In addition, the WDFI and the FDIC periodically review our allowance for loan losses and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs.

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The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for loan losses for the years indicated.

		For the Years Ended
		June 30,
		2023		2022
	(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance at beginning of year		$	2,195	$	2,186
Provision for loan losses			—		—
Charge offs:
Real estate loans:
One- to four-family residential			—		—
Multifamily			—		—
Commercial			(137)		—
Construction			—		—
Commercial and industrial loans			—		—
Consumer loans			—		—
Total charge-offs			(137)		—
Recoveries:
Real estate loans:
One- to four-family residential			—		—
Multifamily			—		—
Commercial			98		—
Construction			—		—
Commercial and industrial loans			—		—
Consumer loans			3		9
Total recoveries			101		9
Net (charge-offs) recoveries			(36)		9
Allowance at end of year		$	2,159	$	2,195
Allowance to non-performing loans			—		1908.7%
Allowance to total loans outstanding at the end of the year			1.08%		1.17%
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during the year			(0.02)%		0.01%
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during the year:
Real estate loans:
One- to four-family residential			—		—
Multifamily			—		—
Commercial			(0.02)%		—
Construction			—		—
Commercial and industrial loans			—		—
Consumer loans			—		0.01%
Total net (charge-offs) recoveries to average loans outstanding during the year			(0.02)%		0.01%

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Allocation of Allowance for Loan Losses. The following table sets forth the allowance for loan losses allocated by loan category and the percent of the allowance in each category to the total allocated allowance at the dates indicated. The allowance for loan losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.

		At June 30,
		2023				2022
			Percent of				Percent of
			Allowance	Percent of			Allowance	Percent of
			in Category	Loans in			in Category	Loans in
			to Total	Each			to Total	Each
			Allocated	Category to			Allocated	Category to
	Amount		Allowance	Total Loans	Amount		Allowance	Total Loans
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
One- to four-family residential	$	207	9.6%	29.8%	$	264	12.0%	27.6%
Multifamily		365	16.9%	22.1%		233	10.6%	18.1%
Commercial		1,196	55.4%	42.3%		1,592	72.5%	42.9%
Construction		6	0.3%	1.0%		55	2.5%	5.6%
Commercial and industrial loans		18	0.8%	3.4%		33	1.5%	4.7%
Consumer		2	0.1%	1.4%		—	0.0%	1.1%
Total allocated allowance		1,794	83.1%	100.0%		2,177	99.2%	100.0%
Unallocated		365	16.9%	-		18	0.8%	-
Total allowance for loan losses	$	2,159	100.0%	100.0%	$	2,195	100.0%	100.0%

The shift in the allowance for loan loss balance from the commercial real estate component to the unallocated allowance component was primarily related to the reduction in the qualitative factors associated with Pandemic issues offset by the growth in the commercial real estate portfolio.

Investment Activities

General. Our board of directors is responsible for approving and overseeing our investment policy. The investment policy is reviewed at least annually by management and any changes to the policy are recommended to the board of directors and are subject to its approval. This policy dictates that investment decisions be made based on the safety of the investment, regulatory standards, liquidity requirements, potential returns and consistency with our interest rate risk management strategy. Our investment/asset liability management committee, which consists of our President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Administrative Officer and Chief Credit Officer and the board of directors, oversees our investing activities and strategies. All transactions are formally reviewed by the board of directors at least monthly.

Our current investment policy authorizes us to invest in debt securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies or government sponsored enterprises. The policy also permits investments in mortgage-backed securities, including pass-through securities, issued and guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, as well as investments in federal funds and deposits in other insured institutions. In addition, management is authorized to invest in investment grade state and municipal obligations and corporate debt obligations within regulatory parameters. We do not engage in any investment hedging activities or trading activities, nor do we purchase any high-risk mortgage derivative products, corporate junk bonds, and certain types of structured notes.

Debt and equity securities investment accounting guidance requires that, at the time of purchase, we designate a security as held to maturity, available for sale, or trading, depending on our ability and intent. At all dates below, we had a portfolio of debt securities held to maturity at amortized cost and a portfolio of debt securities available for sale which is reported at fair value.

Corporate Debt Securities. At June 30, 2023, we had corporate debt securities totaling $6.2 million, which constituted 65.6% of our securities portfolio. All of our corporate debt securities are investment grade and have

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maturities not in excess of ten years. These securities generally provide slightly higher yields than U.S. government and agency securities and mortgage-backed securities.

State and Political Subdivision (“Municipal”) Securities. At June 30, 2023, we had municipal securities totaling $888,000, which constituted 9.4% of our securities portfolio. These securities often provide slightly higher after-tax yields than U.S. government and agency securities and mortgage-backed securities, but are not as liquid as other investments, so we typically maintain investments in municipal securities, to the extent appropriate, for generating returns in our investment portfolio.

Mortgage-Backed Securities. At June 30, 2023, we had mortgage-backed securities totaling $2.4 million, which constituted 25.0% of our securities portfolio, including $1.2 million of agency collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). Of the $2.1 million of non-CMO mortgage-backed securities, $74,000 were commercial-backed and $1.3 million were residential mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities are securities issued in the secondary market that are collateralized by pools of mortgages. Certain types of mortgage-backed securities are commonly referred to as “pass-through” certificates because the principal and interest of the underlying loans is “passed through” to investors, net of certain costs, including servicing and guarantee fees. Residential mortgage-backed securities typically are collateralized by pools of one- to four-family or multifamily mortgages, although we invest primarily in mortgage-backed securities backed by one- to four-family mortgages. Commercial mortgage-backed securities typically are collateralized by pools of commercial mortgage loans. The issuers of such securities pool and resell the participation interests in the form of securities to investors such as Marathon Bank. The interest rate of the security is lower than the interest rates of the underlying loans to allow for payment of servicing and guaranty fees. All of our mortgage-backed securities are either backed by Ginnie Mae, a U.S. government agency, the Small Business Administration or government-sponsored enterprises, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

Residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities issued by U.S. government agencies and government-sponsored enterprises are more liquid than individual mortgage loans because there is an active trading market for such securities. In addition, residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities may be used to collateralize our borrowings. Investments in residential and commercial mortgage-backed securities involve a risk that actual payments will be greater or less than the prepayment rate estimated at the time of purchase, which may require adjustments to the amortization of any premium or accretion of any discount relating to such interests, thereby affecting the net yield on our securities. Current prepayment speeds determine whether prepayment estimates require modification that could cause amortization or accretion adjustments.

Other Securities. We held common stock of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago in connection with our borrowing activities totaling $770,000 and $323,000 at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago common stock is carried at cost. We may be required to purchase additional Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago stock if we increase borrowings in the future.

Portfolio Maturities and Yields. The composition and maturities of the debt securities held to maturity portfolio at June 30, 2023, are summarized in the following table. Maturities are based on the final contractual payment dates, and do not reflect the effect of scheduled principal repayments, prepayments, or early redemptions that may occur. All of our debt securities in this table at June 30, 2023, were taxable securities. Please refer to Note 3 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for the composition and maturities of the debt securities available for sale portfolio at June 30, 2023.

				More than One Year			More than Five Years
	One Year or Less			through Five Years			through Ten Years				More than Ten Years			Total
			Weighted			Weighted			Weighted				Weighted					Weighted
	Amortized		Average	Amortized		Average	Amortized		Average			Amortized	Average	Amortized		Fair		Average
	Cost		Yield	Cost		Yield	Cost		Yield		Cost		Yield	Cost		Value		Yield
		(Dollars in thousands)
Debt securities held to maturity:
Mortgage-backed securities	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	516	0.2	%	$	—	—	$	516	$	376	0.2	%
Total	$	—	—	$	—	—	$	516	0.2	%	$	—	—	$	516	$	376	0.2	%

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Sources of Funds

General. Deposits have traditionally been our primary source of funds for use in lending and investment activities. We also use borrowings to supplement cash flow needs, lengthen the maturities of liabilities for interest rate risk purposes and to manage the cost of funds, and have increased our use of borrowings in recent periods. In addition, we receive funds from scheduled loan payments, investment maturities, loan prepayments, retained earnings and income on earning assets. While scheduled loan payments and income on earning assets are relatively stable sources of funds, deposit inflows and outflows can vary widely and are influenced by prevailing interest rates, market conditions and levels of competition.

Deposits. Our deposits are generated primarily from residents within our primary market area. We offer a selection of deposit accounts, including non-interest-bearing checking accounts, interest-bearing checking accounts, money market accounts, savings accounts and certificates of deposit. Deposit account terms vary, with the principal differences being the minimum balance required, the amount of time the funds must remain on deposit and the interest rate. At June 30, 2023, we had $22.2 million in brokered deposits. At June 30, 2023, our core deposits, which are deposits other than certificates of deposit, were $113.4 million, representing 57.5% of total deposits.

Interest rates, maturity terms, service fees and withdrawal penalties are established on a periodic basis. Deposit rates and terms are based primarily on current operating strategies and market rates, liquidity requirements, rates paid by competitors and growth goals. The flow of deposits is influenced significantly by general economic conditions, changes in interest rates and competition. The variety of deposit accounts that we offer allows us to be competitive in generating deposits and to respond with flexibility to changes in our customers’ demands. Our ability to gather deposits is impacted by the competitive market in which we operate, which includes numerous financial institutions of varying sizes offering a wide range of products. We believe that deposits are a stable source of funds, but our ability to attract and maintain deposits at favorable rates will be affected by market conditions, including competition and prevailing interest rates.

The following table sets forth the distribution of total deposits by account type at the dates indicated.

	At June 30,
	2023			2022
	Amount		Percent	Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-interest-bearing demand accounts	$	26,181	13.27%	$	23,698	12.60%
Demand, NOW and money market accounts		44,663	22.64%		57,797	30.73%
Savings deposits		42,555	21.57%		46,602	24.78%
Certificates of deposit		83,855	42.51%		60,003	31.90%
Total	$	197,254	100.00%	$	188,100	100.00%

As of June 30, 2023, the aggregate amount of uninsured deposits (deposits in amounts greater than or equal to $250,000, which is the maximum amount for federal deposit insurance) was $47.9 million, of which $15.7 million was the aggregate amount of our uninsured certificates of deposit. As of June 30, 2022, the aggregate amount of uninsured deposits was $46.7 million, of which $3.4 million was the aggregate amount of our uninsured certificates of deposit. The following table sets forth the maturity of these certificates as of June 30, 2023.

	June 30, 2023
	(In thousands)
Maturity Period:
Three months or less	$	823
Over three months through six months		10,151
Over six months through twelve months		3,012
Over twelve months		1,733
Total	$	15,719

Borrowings. As of June 30, 2023, we had a master contract agreement with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago pursuant to which we could borrow up to $84.0 million subject to providing additional collateral. At June 30,

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2023 and 2022, we had $8.0 million and $0, respectively of Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago advances (see Note 9 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The Bank also has $25.0 million available to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank when pledging acceptable assets and an unsecured Federal Funds purchasing limit of $5.0 million with the Bank’s correspondent bank. The Company also has a federal funds purchased borrowing arrangement with a correspondent bank for $5.0 million which reprices daily based on the Federal Funds rate. There were no borrowings under these arrangements at June 30, 2023.

Personnel and Human Capital Resources

As of June 30, 2023, we had 35 full-time equivalent employees. Our employees are not represented by any collective bargaining group. Management believes that we have good working relations with our employees. We believe our ability to attract and retain employees is a key to our success. Accordingly, we strive to offer competitive salaries and employee benefits to all employees and monitor salaries in our market areas. In addition, we are committed to developing our staff through continuing education and specialty education within banking, which may include using universities that offer banking management programs, when applicable.

TAXATION

Marathon Bank, Marathon MHC and Marathon Bancorp are subject to federal and state income taxation in the same general manner as other corporations, with some exceptions discussed below. The following discussion of federal and state taxation is intended only to summarize material income tax matters and is not a comprehensive description of the tax rules applicable to Marathon MHC, Marathon Bancorp and Marathon Bank.

Our federal and state tax returns have not been audited for the past five years.

Federal Taxation

Method of Accounting. For federal income tax purposes, Marathon Bank currently reports its income and expenses on the accrual method of accounting and uses a tax year ending June 30 for filing its federal income tax returns. Marathon Bancorp and Marathon Bank intend to file a consolidated federal income tax return beginning with the taxable year ended June 30, 2023. The Small Business Protection Act of 1996 eliminated the use of the mutual savings bank bad debt reserve method of calculating the tax return bad debt deduction. For taxable years beginning after 1995, Marathon Bank has been subject to the same bad debt reserve rules as commercial banks. It currently utilizes the specific charge-off method under Section 582(a) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Net Operating Loss Carryovers. Effective with the passage of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, net operating loss carrybacks are no longer permitted, and net operating losses are allowed to be carried forward indefinitely. Net operating loss carryfowards arising from tax years beginning after 2018 are limited to offset a maximum of 80% of a future year’s taxable income. At June 30, 2023, the Company had no federal net operating loss carryforwards.

Capital Loss Carryovers. A corporation cannot recognize capital losses in excess of capital gains generated. Generally, a financial institution may carry back capital losses to the preceding three taxable years and forward to the succeeding five taxable years. Any capital loss carryback or carryover is treated as a short-term capital loss for the year to which it is carried. As such, it is grouped with any other capital losses for the year to which it is carried and is used to offset any capital gains. Any unutilized loss carryforward remaining after the five-year carryover period is not deductible. At June 30, 2023, the Company had no capital loss carryovers.

Corporate Dividends. Marathon Bancorp may generally exclude from its income 100% of dividends received from Marathon Bank as a member of the same affiliated group of corporations.

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State Taxation

As a Maryland business corporation, Marathon Bancorp is required to file an annual report with and pay franchise taxes to the state of Maryland.

Marathon MHC, Marathon Bancorp and Marathon Bank are subject to the Wisconsin corporate franchise (income) tax. The State of Wisconsin imposes a corporate franchise tax of 7.9% on the combined taxable income of the members of a consolidated income tax group.

In general, Wisconsin net business losses may be carried forward to the succeeding 20 taxable years. At June 30, 2023, the Company had no Wisconsin net operating loss carryforwards.

REGULATION AND SUPERVISION

General

As a state savings bank, Marathon Bank is subject to examination, supervision and regulation, primarily by the WDFI and by the FDIC. The state and federal systems of regulation and supervision establish a comprehensive framework of activities in which Marathon Bank may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of depositors and the FDIC’s Deposit Insurance Fund, and not for the protection of security holders.

Marathon Bank is also regulated to a lesser extent by the Federal Reserve Board. In addition, Marathon Bank is a member of and owns stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, which is one of the 11 regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System.

As bank holding companies, Marathon Bancorp, Inc. and Marathon MHC are subject to examination and supervision by, and be required to file certain reports with, the Federal Reserve Board. Marathon Bancorp, Inc. is subject to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission under the federal securities laws, and certain state securities laws.

Set forth below are certain material regulatory requirements that are applicable to Marathon Bank and Marathon Bancorp, Inc. This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete description of such statutes and regulations and their effects on Marathon Bank and Marathon Bancorp, Inc. Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by Congress or the applicable regulatory agencies, could have a material adverse impact on Marathon Bancorp, Inc., Marathon Bank and their operations.

Intrastate and Interstate Merger and Branching Activities

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Any Wisconsin savings bank meeting certain requirements may, upon approval of the WDFI, establish one or more branch offices in the state of Wisconsin and the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, and Ohio. In addition, upon WDFI approval, a Wisconsin savings bank may establish a branch office in any other state as the result of a merger or consolidation.

Federal Law and Regulation. The Interstate Banking Act permits the federal banking agencies to, under certain circumstances, approve merger transactions between banks located in different states, regardless of whether the merger would be prohibited under state law. The Interstate Banking Act, as amended, authorizes de novo branching into another state at locations at which banks chartered by the host state could establish a branch. Mergers and the establishment of branches require the prior approval of the FDIC.

Loans and Investments

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Under Wisconsin law and regulation, Marathon Bank is authorized to make, invest in, sell, purchase, participate or otherwise deal in mortgage loans or interests in mortgage loans without geographic restriction, including loans made on the security of residential and commercial property. Wisconsin savings

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banks also may lend funds on a secured or unsecured basis for business, commercial or agricultural purposes, provided the total of all such loans does not exceed 20% of the savings bank’s total assets, unless the WDFI authorizes a greater amount. Loans are subject to certain other limitations, including percentage restrictions based on total assets.

Wisconsin savings banks may invest funds in certain types of debt and equity securities, including obligations of federal, state and local governments and agencies. Subject to prior approval of the WDFI, compliance with capital requirements and certain other restrictions, Wisconsin savings banks may invest in residential housing development projects. Wisconsin savings banks may also invest in service corporations or subsidiaries with the prior approval of the WDFI, subject to certain restrictions.

Wisconsin savings banks may make loans and extensions of credit, both direct and indirect, to one borrower in amounts up to 20% of the savings bank’s capital plus an additional 5% for loans fully secured by readily marketable collateral. In addition, and notwithstanding the 20% of capital and additional 5% of capital limitations set forth above, Wisconsin savings banks may make loans to one borrower, or a related group of borrowers, for any purpose in an amount not to exceed $500,000, or to develop domestic residential housing units in an amount not to exceed the lesser of $30 million or 30% of the savings bank’s capital, subject to certain conditions. At June 30, 2023, Marathon Bank did not have any loans which exceeded the “loans-to-one borrower” limitations.

Federal Law and Regulation. FDIC regulations also govern the equity investments of Marathon Bank and, notwithstanding Wisconsin law and regulations, such regulations prohibit Marathon Bank from making certain equity investments and generally limit Marathon Bank’s equity investments to those that are permissible for national banks and their subsidiaries. Also, under FDIC regulations, Marathon Bank must obtain prior FDIC approval before directly, or indirectly through a majority-owned subsidiary, engaging “as principal” in any activity that is not permissible for a national bank unless certain exceptions apply. The activity regulations provide that state banks that meet applicable minimum capital requirements and other specified criteria would be permitted to engage in certain activities that are not permissible for national banks, including certain real estate and securities activities conducted through subsidiaries. The FDIC will not approve an activity that it determines presents a significant risk to the FDIC insurance fund. The current activities of Marathon Bank and its subsidiaries are permissible under applicable federal regulations.

Lending Standards

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Wisconsin law and regulations issued by the WDFI impose on Wisconsin savings banks certain fairness in lending requirements and prohibit savings banks from discriminating against a loan applicant based upon the applicant’s physical condition, developmental disability, sex, marital status, race, color, creed, national origin, religion or ancestry.

Federal Law and Regulation. The federal banking agencies have adopted uniform regulations prescribing standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens on interests in real estate or made for the purpose of financing the construction of a building or other improvements to real estate. Under the joint regulations adopted by the federal banking agencies, all insured depository institutions, such as Marathon Bank, must adopt and maintain written policies that establish appropriate limits and standards for extensions of credit that are secured by liens or interests in real estate or are made for the purpose of financing permanent improvements to real estate. These policies must establish loan portfolio diversification standards, prudent underwriting standards (including loan-to-value limits) that are clear and measurable, loan administration procedures, and loan documentation, approval and reporting requirements. The real estate lending policies must reflect consideration of the Interagency Guidelines for Real Estate Lending Policies (the “Interagency Guidelines”) that have been adopted by the federal bank regulators.

The Interagency Guidelines, among other things, require a depository institution to establish internal loan-to-value limits for real estate loans that are not in excess of the following supervisory limits:

· for loans secured by raw land, 65% of the value of the collateral;

· for land development loans (i.e., loans for the purpose of improving unimproved property prior to the erection of structures), the supervisory loan-to-value limit is 75%;

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· for loans for the construction of commercial, over four-family or other non-residential property, the supervisory limit is 80%;

· for loans for the construction of one- to four-family properties, the supervisory limit is 85%; and

· for loans secured by other improved property (e.g., farmland, completed commercial property and other income-producing property, including non-owner occupied, one- to four-family property), the supervisory limit is 85%.

Although no supervisory loan-to-value limit has been established for permanent mortgages on owner-occupied, one- to four-family or home equity loans, the Interagency Guidelines state that for any such loan with a loan-to-value ratio that equals or exceeds 90% at origination, an institution should require appropriate credit enhancement in the form of either mortgage insurance or readily marketable collateral.

Deposits

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Under Wisconsin law, Marathon Bank is permitted to establish deposit accounts and accept deposits. Marathon Bank’s board of directors, or its designee, determines the rate and amount of interest to be paid on or credited to deposit accounts subject to FDIC limitations.

Deposit Insurance

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Under Wisconsin law, Marathon Bank is required to obtain and maintain insurance on its deposits from a deposit insurance corporation. The deposits of Marathon Bank are insured up to the applicable limits by the FDIC.

Federal Law and Regulation. Marathon Bank is a member of the Deposit Insurance Fund, which is administered by the FDIC. Marathon Bank’s deposit accounts are insured by the FDIC, generally up to a maximum of $250,000 per depositor.

The FDIC imposes deposit insurance assessments against all insured depository institutions. An institution’s assessment rate depends upon the perceived risk of the institution to the Deposit Insurance Fund, with institutions deemed less risky paying lower rates. Currently, assessments for institutions of less than $10 billion of total assets are based on financial measures and supervisory ratings derived from statistical models estimating the probability of failure within three years. Assessment rates (inclusive of possible adjustments) currently range from 1.5 to 30 basis points of each institution’s total assets less tangible capital through December 31, 2022. The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments and adopted a final rule in October 2022 to increase initial base deposit insurance assessment rates by 2 basis points beginning in the first quarterly assessment period of 2023. As a result, effective January 1, 2023, assessment rates for institutions of Marathon Bank’s size will range from 3.5 to 32 basis points. The FDIC may increase or decrease the range of assessments uniformly, except that no adjustment can deviate more than two basis points from the base assessment rate without notice and comment rulemaking. A significant increase in insurance premiums would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of Marathon Bank. We cannot predict what deposit insurance assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. We do not know of any practice, condition or violation that might lead to termination of deposit insurance at Marathon Bank.

Capital Requirements

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Wisconsin savings banks are required to maintain a minimum net worth ratio of 6% and must maintain total capital necessary to ensure the continuation of insurance of deposit accounts by the FDIC. If the WDFI determines that the financial condition, history, management or earning prospects of a savings bank are not

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adequate, the WDFI may require a higher minimum capital level for the savings bank. If a Wisconsin savings bank’s capital ratio falls below the required level, the WDFI may direct the savings bank to adhere to a specific written plan established by the WDFI to correct the savings bank’s capital deficiency, as well as a number of other restrictions on the savings bank’s operations, including a prohibition on the payment of dividends. At June 30, 2023 and 2022, Marathon Bank’s net worth ratio, as calculated under Wisconsin law, was 12.67% and 13.17%, respectively.

Federal Law and Regulation. Federal regulations require FDIC insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards:  a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio.

Common equity Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common stockholders’ equity and retained earnings. Tier 1 capital is generally defined as common equity Tier 1 and additional Tier 1 capital. Additional Tier 1 capital includes certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries. Total capital includes Tier 1 capital (common equity Tier 1 capital plus additional Tier 1 capital) and Tier 2 capital. Tier 2 capital is comprised of capital instruments and related surplus, meeting specified requirements, and may include cumulative preferred stock and long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, intermediate preferred stock and subordinated debt. Also included in Tier 2 capital is the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and, for institutions that have exercised an opt-out election regarding the treatment of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (“AOCI”), up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values. Institutions that have not exercised the AOCI opt-out have AOCI incorporated into common equity Tier 1 capital (including unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale-securities). Marathon Bank exercised its AOCI opt-out election. Calculation of all types of regulatory capital is subject to deductions and adjustments specified in the regulations.

In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets for purposes of calculating risk-based capital ratios, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets (e.g., recourse obligations, direct credit substitutes, residual interests) are multiplied by a risk weight factor assigned by the regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset. Higher levels of capital are required for asset categories believed to present greater risk. For example, a risk weight of 0% is assigned to cash and U.S. government securities, a risk weight of 50% is generally assigned to prudently underwritten first lien one- to four-family residential real estate loans, a risk weight of 100% is assigned to commercial and consumer loans, a risk weight of 150% is assigned to certain past due loans and a risk weight of between 0% to 600% is assigned to permissible equity interests, depending on certain specified factors.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted asset above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.

In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the FDIC takes into consideration, not only these numeric factors, but qualitative factors as well, including the bank’s exposure to interest rate risk. The FDIC has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual institutions where deemed necessary due to a determination that an institution’s capital level is, or is likely to become, inadequate in light of particular circumstances. Marathon Bank exceeds all regulatory capital requirements and is deemed “well capitalized” for regulatory capital purposes as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

The Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act, enacted in 2018, required the federal banking agencies, including the FDIC, to establish for institutions with assets of less than $10 billion a “community bank leverage ratio” of between 8 to 10% (Tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets). Institutions with capital meeting or exceeding the ratio and otherwise complying with the specified requirements (including off-balance sheet exposures of 25% or less of total assets and trading assets and liabilities of 5% or less of total assets) and electing the alternative framework are considered to comply with the applicable regulatory capital requirements, including the risk-based requirements.

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The community bank leverage ratio was established at 9.0%. A qualifying institution may opt in and out of the community bank leverage ratio framework on its quarterly call report. An institution that temporarily ceases to meet any qualifying criteria is provided with a two-quarter grace period to again achieve compliance provided that the institution’s leverage ratio falls no more than one percentage point below the applicable community bank leverage ratio requirement. Failure to meet the qualifying criteria within the grace period or maintain the required leverage ratio requires the institution to comply with the generally applicable capital requirements.

As of June 30, 2023, Marathon Bank elected to use the community bank leverage ratio.

Safety and Soundness Standards

Each federal banking agency, including the FDIC, has adopted guidelines establishing general standards relating to internal controls, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, asset quality, earnings and compensation, fees and benefits, and information security. In general, the guidelines require, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risks and exposures specified in the guidelines. The guidelines prohibit excessive compensation as an unsafe and unsound practice and describe compensation as excessive when the amounts paid are unreasonable or disproportionate to the services performed by an executive officer, employee, director, or principal shareholder.

Prompt Corrective Regulatory Action

Federal bank regulatory authorities are required to take “prompt corrective action” with respect to institutions that do not meet minimum capital requirements. For these purposes, the statute establishes five capital categories: well capitalized, adequately capitalized, undercapitalized, significantly undercapitalized, and critically undercapitalized.

Under the regulations, a bank is deemed to be (i) “well capitalized” if it has total risk-based capital of 10.0% or more, has a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, has a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio of 5.0% or more and a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 6.5% or more, and is not subject to any written capital order or directive; (ii) “adequately capitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio of 8.0% or more, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio of 6.0% or more, a Tier 1 leveraged capital ratio of 4.0% or more and a common equity Tier 1 ratio of 4.5% or more, and does not meet the definition of “well capitalized”; (iii) “undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 8.0%, a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 6.0%, a Tier 1 leverage capital ratio that is less than 4.0% or a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 4.5%; (iv) “significantly undercapitalized” if it has a total risk-based capital ratio that is less than 6.0% and a Tier 1 risk-based capital ratio that is less than 4.0% or a common equity Tier 1 ratio of less than 3.0%; and (v) “critically undercapitalized” if it has a ratio of tangible equity to total assets that is equal to or less than 2.0%.

The previously referenced final rule establishing an elective “community bank leverage ratio” regulatory capital framework provides that a qualifying institution whose capital meets or exceeds the community bank leverage ratio and opts to use that framework will be considered “well capitalized” for purposes of prompt corrective action.

Federal law and regulations also specify circumstances under which a federal banking agency may reclassify a well-capitalized institution as adequately capitalized and may require an institution classified as less than well capitalized to comply with supervisory actions as if it were in the next lower category (except that the FDIC may not reclassify a significantly undercapitalized institution as critically undercapitalized).

The FDIC may order savings banks that have insufficient capital to take corrective actions. For example, a savings bank that is categorized as “undercapitalized” is subject to growth limitations and is required to submit a capital restoration plan, and a holding company that controls such a savings bank is required to guarantee that the savings bank complies with the restoration plan. A “significantly undercapitalized” savings bank may be subject to additional restrictions. Savings banks deemed by the FDIC to be “critically undercapitalized” would be subject to the appointment of a receiver or conservator.

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As noted above, Marathon Bank is considered “well capitalized” for regulatory capital purposes as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Dividends

Under Wisconsin law and applicable regulations, a Wisconsin savings bank that meets its regulatory capital requirements may declare dividends on capital stock based upon net profits, provided that its paid-in surplus equals its capital stock. In addition, prior WDFI approval is required before dividends exceeding 50% of net profits for any calendar year may be declared and before a stock dividend may be declared out of retained earnings.

The FDIC has the authority to prohibit Marathon Bank from paying dividends if, in its opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in light of the financial condition of Marathon Bank. Institutions may not pay dividends if they would be “undercapitalized” following payment of the dividend within the meaning of the prompt corrective action regulations.

Liquidity and Reserves

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Under WDFI regulations, all Wisconsin savings banks are required to maintain a certain amount of their assets as liquid assets, consisting of cash and certain types of investments. The exact amount of assets a savings bank is required to maintain as liquid assets is set by the WDFI, but generally ranges from 4% to 15% of the savings bank’s average daily balance of net withdrawable accounts plus short-term borrowings (the “Required Liquidity Ratio”). At June 30, 2023, Marathon Bank’s Required Liquidity Ratio was 8%, and Marathon Bank was in compliance with this requirement. In addition, 50% of the liquid assets maintained by a Wisconsin savings bank must consist of “primary liquid assets,” which are defined to include securities issued by the U.S. Government, U.S. Government agencies or the state of Wisconsin or a subdivision thereof, and cash. At June 30, 2023, Marathon Bank was in compliance with this requirement.

Federal Law and Regulation. The Federal Reserve Board currently has no reserve requirement for Marathon Bank.

Transactions with Affiliates and Insiders

Wisconsin Law and Regulation. Under Wisconsin law, a savings bank may not make a loan to a person owning 10% or more of its stock, an affiliated person (including a director, officer, the spouse of either and a member of the immediate family of such person who is living in the same residence), agent, or attorney of the savings bank, either individually or as an agent or partner of another, except as provided under the rules of the WDFI and regulations of the FDIC. In addition, unless the prior approval of the WDFI is obtained, a savings bank may not purchase, lease or acquire a site for an office building or an interest in real estate from an affiliated person, including a stockholder owning more than 10% of its capital stock, or from any firm, corporation, entity or family in which an affiliated person or 10% stockholder has a direct or indirect interest.

Federal Law and Regulation. Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act govern transactions between an insured savings bank, such as Marathon Bank, and any of its affiliates, including Marathon Bancorp, Inc. The Federal Reserve Board has adopted Regulation W, which comprehensively implements and interprets Sections 23A and 23B, in part by codifying prior Federal Reserve Board interpretations under Sections 23A and 23B.

An affiliate of a savings bank is any company or entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the savings bank. A subsidiary of a savings bank that is not also a depository institution or a “financial subsidiary” under federal law is not treated as an affiliate of the savings bank for the purposes of Sections 23A and 23B; however, the FDIC has the discretion to treat subsidiaries of a savings bank as affiliates on a case-by-case basis. Sections 23A and 23B limit the extent to which a savings bank or its subsidiaries may engage in “covered transactions” with any one affiliate to an amount equal to 10% of the savings bank’s capital stock and surplus, and limit all such transactions with all affiliates to an amount equal to 20% of such capital stock and surplus. The term “covered transaction” includes the making of loans, purchase of assets, issuance of guarantees and other similar types of transactions. Most loans and

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other extensions of credit by a savings bank to any of its affiliates must be secured by collateral in amounts ranging from 100% to 130% of the loan amounts, depending on the type of collateral. In addition, any affiliate transactions by a savings bank must be on terms that are substantially the same, or at least as favorable, to the savings bank as those that would be provided to a non-affiliate, and be consistent with safe and sound banking practices.

A savings bank’s loans to its executive officers, directors, any owner of more than 10% of its stock (each, an insider) and any of certain entities affiliated with any such person (an insider’s related interest) are subject to the conditions and limitations imposed by Section 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and the Federal Reserve Board’s Regulation O thereunder. Under these restrictions, the aggregate amount of the loans to any insider and the insider’s related interests may not exceed the loans-to-one-borrower limit applicable to national banks (which is generally 15% of capital and surplus). Aggregate loans by a savings bank to its insiders and insiders’ related interests in the aggregate may not exceed the savings bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus. With certain exceptions, loans to an executive officer, other than loans for the education of the officer’s children and certain loans secured by the officer’s primary residence, may not exceed the greater of $25,000 or 2.5% of the savings bank’s unimpaired capital and unimpaired surplus, but in no event more than $100,000. Regulation O also requires that any proposed loan to an insider or a related interest of that insider be approved in advance by a majority of the board of directors of the savings bank, with any interested director not participating in the voting, if such loan, when aggregated with any existing loans to that insider and the insider’s related interests, would exceed either $500,000 or the greater of $25,000 or 5% of the savings bank’s unimpaired capital and surplus. Generally, such loans must be made on substantially the same terms as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are no less stringent than, those that are prevailing at the time for comparable transactions with other persons and must not present more than a normal risk of collectability.

Anti-tying Restrictions

Wisconsin savings banks, such as Marathon Bank, are subject to the prohibitions on certain tying arrangements. Subject to certain exceptions, a savings bank is prohibited from extending credit to or offering any other service to a customer, or fixing or varying the consideration for such extension of credit or service, on the condition that such customer obtain some additional service from the institution or certain of its affiliates or not obtain services of a competitor of the institution.

Examinations and Assessments

Marathon Bank is required to file periodic reports with and is subject to periodic examinations by the WDFI and the FDIC. Federal regulations require annual on-site examinations for all depository institutions except certain well-capitalized and highly rated institutions with assets of less than $3 billion, which are examined every 18 months. Marathon Bank is required to pay examination fees and annual assessments to fund its supervision.

Customer Privacy

Under Wisconsin and federal law and regulations, savings banks, such as Marathon Bank, are required to develop and maintain privacy policies relating to information on its customers, restrict access to and establish procedures to protect customer data. Applicable privacy regulations further restrict the sharing of non-public customer data with non-affiliated parties if the customer requests.

Community Reinvestment Act

Under the Community Reinvestment Act, Marathon Bank has a continuing and affirmative obligation consistent with its safe and sound operation to help meet the credit needs of its entire community, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods. The Community Reinvestment Act does not establish specific lending requirements or programs for financial institutions nor does it limit an institution’s discretion to develop the types of products and services that it believes are best suited to its particular community, consistent with the Community Reinvestment Act. The Community Reinvestment Act requires the FDIC, in connection with its examination of Marathon Bank, to assess Marathon Bank’s record of meeting the credit needs of its community and to take that record into account in the FDIC’s evaluation of certain applications by Marathon Bank. For example, the regulations specify that a bank’s Community

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Reinvestment Act performance will be considered in its expansion (e.g., branching or merger) proposals and may be the basis for approving, denying or conditioning the approval of an application. As of the date of its most recent regulatory examination, Marathon Bank was rated “satisfactory” with respect to its Community Reinvestment Act compliance.

On May 5, 2022, the FDIC, Federal Reserve Board and Office of the Comptroller of the Currency released a notice of proposed rulemaking to “strengthen and modernize” the CRA regulations and framework. As of June 30, 2023, no final rule had been issued.

Federal Home Loan Bank System

The Federal Home Loan Bank System, consisting of 11 Federal Home Loan Banks, is under the jurisdiction of the Federal Housing Finance Board. The designated duties of the Federal Housing Finance Board are to supervise the Federal Home Loan Banks; ensure that the Federal Home Loan Banks carry out their housing finance mission; ensure that the Federal Home Loan Banks remain adequately capitalized and able to raise funds in the capital markets; and ensure that the Federal Home Loan Banks operate in a safe and sound manner.

Marathon Bank, as a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago in specified amounts. Marathon Bank is in compliance with this requirement with an investment in Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago stock of $770,273 at June 30, 2023.

Among other benefits, the Federal Home Loan Banks provide a central credit facility primarily for member institutions. It is funded primarily from proceeds derived from the sale of consolidated obligations of the Federal Home Loan Bank System. It makes advances to members in accordance with policies and procedures established by the Federal Housing Finance Board and the board of directors of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago. At June 30, 2023, Marathon Bank had $8.0 million of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago.

Other Regulations

Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by Marathon Bank are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates. Marathon Bank’s operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:

· Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;

· Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;

· Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;

· Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;

· Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies;

· Truth in Savings Act; and

· rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws.

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The operations of Marathon Bank also are subject to the:

· Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records;

· Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services;

· Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check;

● Banking organizations are required to notify their primary federal regulator as soon as possible and no later than 36 hours of determining that a “computer-security incident” that arises to the level of a “notification incident” has occurred. A notification incident is a “computer-security incident” that has materially disrupted or degraded, or is reasonably likely to materially disrupt or degrade, the banking organization’s ability to deliver services to a material portion of its customer base, jeopardize the viability of key operations of the banking organization, or impact the stability of the financial sector. Bank service providers are also required to notify any affected bank to or on behalf of which the service provider provides services “as soon as possible” after determining that it has experienced an incident that materially disrupts or degrades, or is reasonably likely to materially disrupt or degrade, covered services provided to such bank for four or more hours; and

● The USA PATRIOT Act, which requires depository institutions to, among other things, establish broadened anti-money laundering compliance programs, and due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering. Such required compliance programs are intended to supplement existing compliance requirements that also apply to financial institutions under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control regulations.

Holding Company Regulation

General. Marathon Bancorp, Inc. and Marathon MHC are bank holding companies within the meaning of the Bank Holding Company of 1956. As such, Marathon Bancorp, Inc. and Marathon MHC are registered with the Federal Reserve Board and subject to the regulation, examination, supervision and reporting requirements applicable to bank holding companies. In addition, the Federal Reserve Board has enforcement authority over Marathon Bancorp, Inc., Marathon MHC and its non-savings institution subsidiaries. Among other things, this authority permits the Federal Reserve Board to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary savings institution. Acquisitions of additional banks or savings institutions generally require the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board.

Permissible Activities. A bank holding company is generally prohibited from engaging in non-banking activities, or acquiring direct or indirect control of more than 5% of the voting securities of any company engaged in non-banking activities. One of the principal exceptions to this prohibition is for activities found by the Federal Reserve Board to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. Some of the principal activities that the Federal Reserve Board has determined by regulation to be so closely related to banking are: (i) making or servicing loans; (ii) performing certain data processing services; (iii) providing discount brokerage services; (iv) acting as fiduciary, investment or financial advisor; (v) leasing personal or real property; (vi) making investments in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare; and (vii) acquiring a savings and loan association whose direct and indirect activities are limited to those permitted for bank holding companies.

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The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 authorized a bank holding company that meets specified conditions, including being “well capitalized” and “well managed,” to opt to become a “financial holding company” and thereby engage in a broader array of financial activities than previously permitted. Such activities can include insurance underwriting and investment banking. Marathon Bancorp, Inc. and Marathon MHC did not elect “financial holding company” status.

Capital. Consolidated regulatory capital requirements identical to those applicable to subsidiary banks generally apply to bank holding companies. However, the Federal Reserve Board has provided a “Small Bank Holding Company” exception to its consolidated capital requirements, and bank holding companies with less than $3.0 billion of consolidated assets are not subject to the consolidated holding company capital requirements unless otherwise directed by the Federal Reserve Board. As a result, the Federal Reserve Board’s consolidated holding company regulatory capital requirements do not presently apply to Marathon Bancorp, Inc. or Marathon MHC.

Source of Strength. The Federal Reserve Board has issued regulations requiring that all bank holding companies serve as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing financial, managerial and other support in times of an institution’s distress.

Dividends and Stock Repurchases. The Federal Reserve Board has issued a policy statement regarding the payment of dividends by holding companies. In general, the policy provides that dividends should be paid only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall supervisory financial condition. Separate regulatory guidance provides for prior consultation with Federal Reserve Bank staff concerning dividends in certain circumstances such as when the company’s net income for the past four quarters, net of dividends previously paid over that period, is insufficient to fully fund the dividend, the proposed dividend is not covered by earnings for the period for which it is being paid or the company’s overall rate or earnings retention is inconsistent with the company’s capital needs and overall financial condition. The ability of a bank holding company to pay dividends may be restricted if a subsidiary savings bank becomes undercapitalized.

The Federal Reserve Board regulatory guidance also states that a bank holding company should consult with Federal Reserve Bank supervisory staff prior to redeeming or repurchasing common stock or perpetual preferred stock if the bank holding company is experiencing financial weaknesses or the repurchase or redemption would result in a net reduction, at the end of a quarter, in the amount of such equity instruments outstanding compared with the beginning of the quarter in which the redemption or repurchase occurred.

There is a separate requirement that a bank holding company give the Federal Reserve Board prior written notice of any purchase or redemption of then outstanding equity securities if the gross consideration for the purchase or redemption, when combined with the net consideration paid for all such purchases or redemptions during the preceding 12 months, is equal to 10% or more of the company’s consolidated net worth. The Federal Reserve Board may disapprove such a purchase or redemption if it determines that the proposal would constitute an unsafe and unsound practice, or would violate any law, regulation, Federal Reserve Board order or directive, or any condition imposed by, or written agreement with, the Federal Reserve Board. There is an exception to this approval requirement for well-capitalized bank holding companies that meet certain other conditions.

These regulatory policies may affect the ability of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. to pay dividends, repurchase shares of common stock or otherwise engage in capital distributions.

Waivers of Dividends by Marathon MHC. Marathon Bancorp, Inc. may pay dividends on its common stock to public stockholders. If it does, it is also required to pay the same dividends per share to Marathon MHC, unless Marathon MHC elects to waive the receipt of dividends. Marathon MHC must receive the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board and WDFI before it may waive the receipt of any dividends from Marathon Bancorp, Inc. However, current Federal Reserve Board policy prohibits a mutual holding company that is regulated as a bank holding company, such as Marathon MHC, from waiving the receipt of dividends paid by its subsidiary holding company.

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Therefore, unless Federal Reserve Board policy changes by allowing Marathon MHC to waive the receipt of dividends declared by Marathon Bancorp, Inc. without diluting minority stockholders, it is unlikely that Marathon Bancorp, Inc. will pay any dividends.

Possible Conversion of Marathon MHC to Stock Form. In the future, Marathon MHC may convert from the mutual to capital stock form of ownership, in a transaction commonly referred to as a “second-step conversion.” Any second-step conversion of Marathon MHC would require the approval of the WDFI and the Federal Reserve Board.

Acquisition of Bank Holding Company

Under the Change in Bank Control Act, no person (including a company), or group of persons acting in concert, may acquire control of a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve Board has been given 60 days’ prior written notice and not disapproved the proposed acquisition. The Federal Reserve Board considers several factors in evaluating a notice, including the financial and managerial resources of the acquirer and competitive effects. Control, as defined under the Change in Bank Control Act and applicable regulations, means the power, directly or indirectly, to direct the management or policies of the company or to vote 25% or more of any class of voting securities of the company. Acquisition of more than 10% of any class of a bank holding company’s voting securities constitutes a rebuttable presumption of control under certain circumstances, including where, as is the case with Marathon Bancorp, Inc., the issuer has registered securities under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

In addition, federal regulations separately provide that no company may acquire control (as defined in the Bank Holding Company Act) of a bank holding company without the prior approval of the Federal Reserve Board. Control, as defined under the Bank Holding Company Act and Federal Reserve Board regulations, means ownership, control or power to vote 25% or more of any class of voting stock, control in any manner over the election of a majority of the company’s directors, or a determination by the regulator that the acquiror has the power to exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of the company. Any company that acquires such control becomes a “bank holding company” subject to registration, examination and regulation by the Federal Reserve Board. In March 2020, the Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule, effective September 30, 2020, that revises its framework for determining whether a company has a “controlling influence” over a bank holding company for that purpose.

Federal Securities Laws

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Marathon Bancorp, Inc. is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The JOBS Act, which was enacted in 2012, has made numerous changes to the federal securities laws to facilitate access to capital markets. Under the JOBS Act, a company with total annual gross revenues of less than $1.235 billion during its most recently completed fiscal year qualifies as an “emerging growth company.” Marathon Bancorp, Inc. qualifies as an emerging growth company under the JOBS Act.

An “emerging growth company” may choose not to hold stockholder votes to approve annual executive compensation (more frequently referred to as “say-on-pay” votes), executive compensation payable in connection with a merger (more frequently referred to as “say-on-golden parachute” votes) or disclose pay versus performance information. An emerging growth company also is not subject to the requirement that its auditors attest to the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting, and can provide scaled disclosure regarding executive compensation; however, Marathon Bancorp, Inc. will also not be subject to the auditor attestation requirement or additional executive compensation disclosure so long as it remains a “non-accelerated filer” and a “smaller reporting company,” respectively, under Securities and Exchange Commission regulations (generally less than $75 million and $250 million, respectively, of voting and non-voting equity held by non-affiliates or less than $100 million in annual revenue and less than $700 million in public float). Finally, an emerging growth company may elect to comply with new

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or amended accounting pronouncements in the same manner as a private company, but must make such election when the company is first required to file a registration statement. Marathon Bancorp, Inc. has elected to comply with new or amended accounting pronouncements in the same manner as a private company.

A company loses emerging growth company status on the earlier of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year of the company during which it had total annual gross revenues of $1.235 billion or more; (ii) the last day of the fiscal year of the issuer following the fifth anniversary of the date of the first sale of common equity securities of the company pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933; (iii) the date on which such company has, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (iv) the date on which such company is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under Securities and Exchange Commission regulations (generally, at least $700 million of voting and non-voting equity held by non-affiliates).

ITEM 1A: RISK FACTORS

Not required of a smaller reporting company.

ITEM 1B: UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2: PROPERTIES

As of June 30, 2023, the net book value of our office properties was $1.5 million (excluding right-to-use-assets). The following table sets forth information regarding our offices. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company’s property and equipment.

	Leased or	Year Acquired	Net Book Value of
Location	Owned	or Leased	Real Property
			(In thousands)
Main Office:
500 Scott Street, Wausau, WI 54403	Owned	1963	$	1,172
Other Properties:
1133 E Grand Avenue, Rothschild, WI	Leased	2009		48
307 Third Street, Mosinee, WI	Owned	1974		40
11315 N. Cedurburg Rd, Mequon, WI	Leased	2018		276

We believe that current facilities are adequate to meet our present and foreseeable needs, subject to possible future expansion.

ITEM 3: LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

We are not involved in any pending legal proceedings as a defendant other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business. At June 30, 2023, we were not involved in any legal proceedings the outcome of which would be material to our financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 4: MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

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PART  II

ITEM 5:  MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is quoted on the OTC Pink Marketplace operated by the OTC Markets Group under the symbol “MBBC.”  There were 197 shareholders of record (excluding the number of persons or entities holding stock in street name through various brokerage firms) as of September 19, 2023 and 2,157,497 shares of common stock outstanding. The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low prices for a share of the Company’s common stock for fiscal years 2023 and 2022. The information was obtained from the OTC Pink Marketplace. The quotations reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail mark-up, markdown or commission and may not represent actual transactions. No dividends were paid in fiscal 2023 or 2022.

	Market Value of Common Stock
	High		Low
Quarter Ended September 30, 2022	$	11.25	$	10.80
Quarter Ended December 31, 2022		11.54		10.56
Quarter Ended March 31, 2023		11.85		10.15
Quarter Ended June 30, 2023		10.85		8.90
Quarter Ended September 30, 2021	$	10.65	$	10.40
Quarter Ended December 31, 2021		10.95		10.50
Quarter Ended March 31, 2022		11.05		10.75
Quarter Ended June 30, 2022		11.16		10.67

Dividends

We do not currently intend to pay cash dividends to our stockholders. The payment and amount of any dividend payments will be subject to statutory and regulatory limitations, and will depend upon a number of factors, including the following: regulatory capital requirements; our financial condition and results of operations; our other uses of funds for the long-term value of stockholders; tax considerations; the ability of mutual holding companies to waive dividends; and general economic conditions.

Purchase of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

On November 16, 2022, the Company announced it had adopted a stock repurchase program. Under the repurchase program, the Company could repurchase up to 113,485 shares of its common stock, or approximately 5.0% of the then outstanding shares. Shares were repurchased in open market or private transactions, through block trades, or pursuant to any trading plan that may have been adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission.  All shares of common stock repurchased were retired. On May 10, 2023, the stock repurchase program was completed. The average price paid per share under the stock repurchase program was $11.886 which included the new stock excise tax which was paid in June 2023.

Set forth below is the share repurchase activity for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

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								Approximate Number
						Total Number of Shares		of Shares That
						Repurchased as Part of		May Yet Be Purchased
	Total Number of Shares			Average Price Paid		Publicly Announced Plans		Under the Plans or
Period	Repurchased (1)			Per Share		Or Programs		Programs
April 1-30, 2023			$				—		—
May 1-31, 2023			$				—		—
June 1-30, 2023		1,920	$		10.25		—		—

(1) This column reflects the deemed surrender to us of 1,920 shares of common stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of employee restricted stock.

ITEM 6: RESERVED

ITEM 7: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion and analysis reflects our audited consolidated financial statements and other relevant statistical data, and is intended to enhance your understanding of our financial condition and results of operations. The information in this section has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements, which appear beginning on page 51 of this Form 10-K.

Overview

Net Interest Income. Our primary source of income is net interest income. Net interest income is the difference between interest income, which is the income we earn on our loans and investments, and interest expense, which is the interest we pay on our deposits and borrowings.

Provision for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses. The allowance for loan losses is increased through charges to the provision for loan losses. Loans are charged against the allowance when management believes that the collectability of the principal loan amount is not probable. Recoveries on loans previously charged-off, if any, are credited to the allowance for loan losses when realized.

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Non-interest Income. Our primary sources of non-interest income are mortgage banking income, service charges on deposit accounts and net gains in the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance. Other sources of non-interest income include net gain on securities transactions, net gain or loss on disposal of foreclosed assets, gain on proceeds from life insurance death benefit, and other income.

Non-Interest Expenses. Our non-interest expenses consist of salaries and employee benefits, net occupancy and equipment, data processing and office, professional fees, marketing expenses and other general and administrative expenses, including premium payments we make to the FDIC for insurance of our deposits.

Income Tax Expense. Our income tax expense is the total of the current year income tax due or refundable and the change in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are the expected future tax amounts for the temporary differences between the carrying amounts and the tax basis of assets and liabilities, computed using enacted tax rates. A valuation allowance, if needed, reduces deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized.

Summary of Significant Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations are based on our audited consolidated financial statements, which are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these audited consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and the reported amounts of income and expenses. We consider the accounting policies discussed below to be significant accounting policies and estimates. The estimates and assumptions that we use are based on historical experience and various other factors and are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions, resulting in a change that could have a material impact on the carrying value of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations.

In 2012, the JOBS Act was signed into law. The JOBS Act contains provisions that, among other things, reduce certain reporting requirements for qualifying public companies. As an “emerging growth company” we may delay adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies. We intend to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period. Accordingly, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

The following represent our significant accounting estimates:

Allowance for Loan Losses. The allowance for loan losses established as losses is estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of allocated and general components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. General components cover non-impaired loans and are based on historical loss rates for each portfolio segment, adjusted for the effects of qualitative or environmental factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses as of the evaluation date to differ from the portfolio segment’s historical loss experience. Qualitative factors include consideration of the following: changes in lending policies and procedures; changes in economic conditions, changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio; changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff;

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changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and other adversely graded loans; changes in the loan review system; changes in the value of the underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans; concentrations of credit; and the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements. At June 30, 2023, the qualitative loan portfolio risk factors were reduced in all loan categories except commercial and multi-family real estate which we believe exhibits the most credit risk related to local and national economic conditions as well as industry conditions and concentrations.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reason for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and commercial real estate loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

As an integral part of their examination process, various regulatory agencies review the allowance for loan losses as well. Such agencies may require that changes in the allowance for loan losses be recognized when such regulatory credit evaluations differ from those of management based on information available to the regulators at the time of their examinations.

Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

We recognize the tax effects from an uncertain tax position in the consolidated financial statements only if the position is more likely than not to be sustained on audit, based on the technical merits of the position. We recognize the financial statement benefit of a tax position only after determining that the relevant tax authority would more likely than not sustain the position following an audit. For tax positions meeting the more-likely-than-not threshold, the amount recognized in the consolidated financial statements is the largest benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized, upon ultimate settlement with the relevant tax authority. We recognize interest and penalties accrued or released related to uncertain tax positions in current income tax expense or benefit.

Debt Securities. Available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities are reviewed by management on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant, for possible other-than-temporary impairment. In determining other-than-temporary impairment, management considers many factors, including the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer, whether the market decline was affected by macroeconomic conditions and whether the Company has the intent to sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the debt security before its anticipated recovery. A decline in value that is considered to be other-than-temporary is recorded as a loss within non-interest income in the statement of income. The assessment of whether other-than-temporary impairment exists involves a high degree of subjectivity and judgment and is based on the information available to management at a point in time. In order to determine other-than-temporary impairment for mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations, we compare the present value of the remaining cash flows as estimated at the preceding evaluation date to the current expected remaining cash flows. Other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred if there has been an adverse change in the remaining expected future cash flows.

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Fair Value Measurements. The Company determines the fair value of certain assets in accordance with the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements, which provides a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It is required that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Standard also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the valuation inputs into three broad levels:

● Level 1 inputs consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

● Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the related asset.

● Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs related to the asset.

Restatement of Previously Issued Financials

During fiscal 2023, the Company corrected an accounting error related to $481,798 of deferred taxes recorded in years prior to fiscal 2022 by the Bank. See Note 1 of the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements.

On September 19, 2023, upon recommendation of management, the Audit Committee of the Company determined that the Company erroneously has maintained a deferred tax liability, which it will not be required to recapture as management does not intend to redeem stock, make distributions in excess of earnings and profits, or take other actions that would result in the recapture of this reserve. The Company previously included a deferred tax liability for its pre-1988 excess tax bad debt deductions because it originally concluded that its 1993 charter conversion resulted in it ceasing to be a “thrift”. Upon further investigation during fiscal year 2023, the Company determined that the charter conversion from a Mutual Savings and Loan Association to a Mutual Savings Bank charter did not disqualify it from the special provisions provided to “thrift” institutions regarding the ability to forego recognition of a deferred tax liability.

As a thrift institution, the Bank is subject to special provisions in the tax laws regarding its allowable tax bad debt deductions and related tax bad debt reserves. These deductions are determined using methods based on loss experience or a percentage of taxable income. Tax bad debt reserves represent the excess of allowable deductions over actual bad debt losses and include a defined base-year amount. Deferred tax liabilities are required to be recognized with respect to reserves in excess of the base-year amount, as well as any portion of the base-year amount that is expected to become taxable (or “recaptured”) in the foreseeable future.

Therefore, as of July 1, 2021, to correct this accounting error, the Company recorded an adjustment to opening retained earnings and deferred tax assets in the amount of $481,798.

At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an unrecaptured pre-1988 federal bad debt reserve of approximately $1.5 million for which no federal income tax provision has been made. As noted above, a deferred tax liability has not been provided on this amount, as management does not intend to redeem stock, make distributions in excess of earnings and profits, or take other actions that would result in recapture of the reserve.

In evaluating whether the previously issued Consolidated Financial Statements were materially misstated for the interim or annual periods June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively, the Company applied the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 1.M, Assessing Materiality, and SAB Topic 1.N, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements and concluded that the effect of the errors on prior period annual financial statements was material; and

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therefore as noted in SAB Topic 1.N. the Company has restated the June 30, 2022 consolidated financial statements in accordance with FASB ASC 250-10-45-23. Restatement requires all of the following:

a. The cumulative effect of the error on periods prior to those presented shall be reflected in the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities as of the beginning of the first period presented.

b. An offsetting adjustment, if any, shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position) for that period.

c. Financial statements for each individual prior period presented shall be adjusted to reflect correction of the period-specific effects of the error.

Please see Note 1 to the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the Restatement.

Selected Financial Data

The following selected consolidated financial data sets forth certain financial highlights of the Company and should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for 2023.

		At June 30,
				Restated
		2023		2022
	(In thousands)
Selected Financial Condition Data:
Total assets		$	238,779	$	220,500
Cash, cash equivalents and interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions			15,537		10,373
Debt securities available for sale			8,922		10,617
Debt securities held to maturity			516		532
Loans receivable, net			197,714		185,630
Foreclosed assets (OREO)			2,312		-
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost			770		323
Bank owned life insurance			8,724		9,193
Premises and equipment, net			2,128		1,676
Deferred tax asset			487		579
Deposits			197,254		188,100
Stockholders' Equity			31,280		31,224

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	For the Years
	Ended June 30,
	2023`		2022
		(In thousands)
Selected Operating Data:
Interest income	$	8,978	$	7,157
Interest expense		2,278		948
Net interest income		6,700		6,209
Provision for loan losses		—		—
Net interest income after provision for loan losses		6,700		6,209
Non-interest income		1,301		1,118
Non-interest expense		5,884		5,555
Income before income taxes		2,117		1,772
Income tax expense		445		437
Net income	$	1,672	$	1,335

		At or For the Years
		Ended June 30,
		2023		2022
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets		0.71	%	0.62	%
Return on average equity		5.91	%	4.90	%
Interest rate spread (1)		2.81	%	2.99	%
Net interest margin (2)		3.04	%	3.09	%
Non-interest expenses to average assets		2.50	%	2.59	%
Efficiency ratio (3)		73.54	%	75.82	%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities		122.66	%	123.40	%
Book value per share	$	14.50	$	13.76
Capital Ratios (4):
Average equity to average assets		12.01	%	12.69	%
Tier 1 capital to average assets		12.02	%	12.17	%
Asset Quality Ratios:
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans		1.08	%	1.17	%
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of non-performing loans		-	%	1,908.70	%
Net (charge-offs) recoveries to average outstanding loans during the year		(0.02)	%	0.01	%
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total loans		-	%	0.06	%
Non-performing loans as a percentage of total assets		-	%	0.05	%
Total non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets		0.97	%	0.05	%
Other:
Number of offices		4		4
Number of full-time equivalent employees		35		35

(1) Represents the difference between the weighted average yield on average interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(2) Represents net interest income as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

(3) Represents non-interest expenses divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.

(4) Capital ratios are for the Bank only. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Bank elected to adopt the Community Bank Leverage Ratio Framework.

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Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022

Total Assets. Total assets increased $18.3 million, or 8.3%, to $238.8 million at June 30, 2023 from $220.5 million at June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $12.1 million, or 6.5%, in loans, net of the allowance for loan losses. Cash and cash equivalents, interest bearing deposits held in other financial institutions and foreclosed assets also increased by $3.4 million, $1.8 million and $2.3 million, respectively. These increases were offset by a decrease in debt securities available for sale of $1.7 million.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Interest Bearing Deposits Held in Other Financial Institutions. Total cash and cash equivalents increased $3.4 million, or 39.7%, to $11.8 million at June 30, 2023 from $8.4 million at June 30, 2022, primarily due to an increase in deposits and FHLB borrowings of $9.2 million and $8.0 million, respectively, offset by an increase in cash used to fund new loan originations of $14.1 million. A portion of the increased cash flows from the above activity was invested in interest bearing deposits held in other financial institutions which increased by $1.8 million.

Debt Securities Available for Sale. Total debt securities available for sale decreased $1.7 million, or 16.0%, to $8.9 million at June 30, 2023 from $10.6 million at June 30, 2022. The decrease was primarily due to paydowns and maturities and a decrease in the fair value of a corporate bond. Debt securities available for sale are carried at fair value with the unrealized gain or loss reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Net Loans and Foreclosed Assets. Net loans increased $12.1 million, or 6.5%, to $197.7 million at June 30, 2023 from $185.6 million at June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to an increase in multi-family real estate loans of $10.2 million, or 30.2%, to $44.2 million at June 30, 2023 from $34.0 million at June 30, 2022, an increase in one-to-four-family residential loans of $7.6 million, or 14.6% to $59.5 million at June 30, 2023 from $51.9 million at June 30, 2022 and a $4.0 million increase in commercial real estate loans, or 5.0% to $84.6 million at June 30, 2023 from $80.6 million at June 30, 2022.  Offsetting these increases was a decrease in construction loans of $8.7 million, or 82.1%, to $1.9 million at June 30, 2023 from $10.6 million at June 30, 2022 and a decrease in commercial and industrial loans of $1.9 million, or 21.7%, to $6.9 million at June 30, 2023 from $8.8 million at June 30, 2022.   The increase in commercial and multi-family real estate loans was primarily due to our strategy to enhance our commercial and multi-family real estate lending in Southeastern Wisconsin. One- to four-family residential loans increased due to additional growth with respect to adjustable-rate one- to four-family residential loans. The decrease in commercial and industrial loans was due to the payoff of a $1.1 million participation loan. The decrease in construction loans was primarily related to a $3.5 million construction loan that was moved to permanent financing in September 2022 and the foreclosure of collateral supporting a construction loan which was valued at $2.3 million and is included in foreclosed assets (OREO). The valuation was based on recently obtained independent appraisals subject to certain discounts less estimated costs to sell.

Deposits. Total deposits increased $9.2 million, or 4.9%, to $197.3 million at June 30, 2023 from $188.1 million at June 30, 2022. Non-interest-bearing demand accounts increased $2.5 million, or 10.5%, to $26.2 million at June 30, 2023 from $23.7 million at June 30, 2022. Certificates of deposit increased $23.9 million, or 39.8%, to $83.9 million at June 30, 2023 from $60.0 million at June 30, 2022. Offsetting these increases, was a decrease in demand, NOW and money market accounts of $13.1 million, or 22.7%, to $44.7 million at June 30, 2023 from $57.8 million at June 30, 2022.  Savings deposits decreased $4.0 million, or 8.7%, to $42.6 million at June 30, 2023 from $46.6 million at June 30, 2022. The increase in certificates of deposit was due to the purchase of brokered certificates of deposit of $4.5 million during the year ended June 30, 2023 and the offering of higher rate certificate of deposit products to keep rates in line with competitors and to attract new funds to the Bank. The decrease in demand, NOW and money market accounts was due to one depositor withdrawing approximately $9.0 million in money market funds in September 2022.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Advances. Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances increased $8.0 million to $8.0 million at June 30, 2023 compared to no borrowings at June 30, 2022 to provide additional funding for  new loan originations and to increase balance sheet liquidity.

Stockholders’ Equity. Total stockholders’ equity increased by $55,000, or 0.2%, to $31.3 million at June 30, 2023 from $31.2 million at June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to net income of $1.7 million offset by the repurchase and retirement of common stock of $1.4 million during the year ended June 30, 2023 and an increase in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax of $416,000 which was primarily related to the decrease in fair value of

43

a corporate bond as a result of the increase in interest rates during the year ended June 30, 2023. Stock based compensation and expense related to the Company’s ESOP also increased stockholders’ equity by $171,000.

Average Balance Sheets

The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the years indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments have been made, as the effects would be immaterial. All average balances are daily average balances. Non-accrual loans were included in the computation of average balances. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, discounts, and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense, as applicable. Loan balances include loans held for sale. Deferred loan fees accreted to interest income totaled $50,000 and $536,000 for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

	For the Year Ended June 30,
	2023							2022
	Average					Average		Average					Average
	Outstanding					Yield/Rate		Outstanding					Yield/Rate
	Balance			Interest				Balance			Interest
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (excluding PPP loans)	$	195,680		$	8,182	4.18	%	$	154,982		$	6,266	4.04	%
PPP loans		—			—	—	%		958			493	51.57	%
Debt securities		11,102			250	2.24	%		12,355			331	2.68	%
Cash and cash equivalents		12,853			522	4.06	%		32,201			61	0.19	%
Other		666			24	3.60	%		277			6	2.17	%
Total interest-earning assets		220,301			8,978	4.08	%		200,773			7,157	3.57	%
Noninterest-earning assets		15,146							13,993
Total assets	$	235,447						$	214,766
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand, NOW and money market deposits	$	54,130			506	0.93	%	$	55,676			213	0.38	%
Savings deposits		44,501			61	0.14	%		46,069			67	0.15	%
Certificates of deposit		77,707			1,609	2.07	%		59,689			661	1.11	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		176,338			2,176	1.23	%		161,434			941	0.58	%
FHLB advances and other borrowings		3,272			103	3.15	%		—			—	—	%
PPP Liquidity Facility borrowings		—			—	—	%		1,272			7	0.55	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		179,610			2,279	1.27	%		162,706			948	0.58	%
Non-interest-bearing demand deposits		25,829							23,684
Other non-interest-bearing liabilities		1,726							1,130
Total liabilities		207,165							187,520
Total stockholders' equity		28,282							27,246
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	235,447						$	214,766
Net interest income				$	6,699						$	6,209
Net interest rate spread (1)						2.81	%						2.99	%
Net interest-earning assets (2)	$	40,691						$	38,067
Net interest margin (3)						3.04	%						3.09	%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities		122.66	%						123.40	%

(1) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average rate of interest-bearing liabilities.

44

(2) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(3) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

Rate/Volume Analysis

The following table presents the effects of changing rates and volumes on our net interest income for the years indicated. The rate column shows the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume). The volume column shows the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate). The total column represents the sum of the prior columns. For purposes of this table, changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately based on the changes due to rate and the changes due to volume.

		Year Ended June 30,
		2023 vs. 2022
		Increase (Decrease) Due to				Total
						Increase
		Volume		Rate		(Decrease)
	(In thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (excluding PPP loans)		$	1,645	$	271	$	1,916
PPP loans			(493)		—		(493)
Debt securities			(34)		(47)		(81)
Cash and cash equivalents			(37)		498		461
Other			8		10		18
Total interest-earning assets			1,089		732		1,821
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand, NOW and money market deposits			(6)		299		293
Savings deposits			(2)		(4)		(6)
Certificates of deposit			200		748		948
Total interest-bearing deposits			192		1,043		1,235
FHLB advances and other borrowings			—		103		103
PPP Liquidity Facility borrowings			(7)		—		(7)
Total interest-bearing liabilities			185		1,146		1,331
Change in net interest income		$	904	$	(414)	$	490

Comparison of Operating Results for the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

General. Net income was $1.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2023, an increase of $337,000, or 25.3%, from net income of $1.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. The increase in net income for the year ended June 30, 2023 was primarily attributable to an increase of $490,000 in net interest income, a gain on proceeds from life insurance of $261,000 and a gain on the acquisition of foreclosed real estate of $247,000, offset by a $329,000 increase in non-interest expenses. Mortgage banking income also declined by $338,000.

Interest Income. Interest income increased by $1.8 million, or 25.4%, to $9.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 compared to $7.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2022 primarily due to increases in loan interest income and other interest income (cash and cash equivalents and other). The increase in other interest income was primarily due to an increase in the average yield on our cash and cash equivalents investments of 387 basis points to 4.06% due to the increases in the federal funds rate.

Loan interest income increased by $1.4 million, or 21.0%, to $8.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $6.8 million for the year ended June 30, 2022, due to an increase in the average balance of the loan portfolio and a slight increase in the average yield on loans (excluding PPP loans). The average balance of the loan portfolio (excluding PPP loans) increased by $40.7 million, or 26.3%, from $155.0 million for the year ended June 30, 2022 to $195.7 million for

45

the year ended June 30, 2023. The increase in the average balance of loans was due to our continued efforts to increase commercial and multi-family real estate loans in Southeastern Wisconsin. The average balance of one-to-four family residential loans also increased. The increase was due to additional growth with respect to adjustable-rate one-to four-family residential loans. The average yield on the loan portfolio (excluding PPP loans) increased by 14 basis points from 4.04% for the year ended June 30, 2022 to 4.18% for the year ended June 30, 2023 as a result of rising interest rates. Loan interest income from PPP loans was positively impacted by the recognition of deferred fee income of $483,000 during the year ended June 30, 2022 on the forgiven PPP loans repaid by the SBA compared to $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023.  

Debt securities interest income decreased $82,000, or 24.6%, to $249,000 for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $331,000 for the year ended June 30, 2022 due to a $1.3 million decrease in the average balance of debt securities due to securities paydowns and a 44 basis points decrease in the average yield on the debt securities portfolio to 2.24% for the year ended June 30, 2023 from 2.68% for the year ended June 30, 2022.  The decrease in the average yield was related to paydowns on securities earning higher interest rates and the decrease in the average yield of our collateralized mortgage obligations with inverse floating rates.

Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $1.3 million, or 140.4%, to $2.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $948,000 for the year ended June 30, 2022, due to an increase of $1.2 million in interest paid on deposits and an increase of $96,000 in interest paid on borrowings.

Interest expense on deposits increased $1.2 million, or 131.2%, to $2.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $941,000 for the year ended June 30, 2022 due to an increase in interest expense on all deposit categories excluding savings deposits. The average balance of certificates of deposit increased by $18.0 million, or 30.2% to $77.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $59.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2022 while the average balance of interest-bearing demand, NOW and money market accounts decreased slightly to $54.1 million, or 0.03% for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $55.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. The average balance of savings accounts also decreased slightly to $44.5 million, or 0.03% for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $46.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. The increase in the average balance of certificates of deposit was partly due to the purchase of brokered certificates of deposit of $4.5 million with the remaining increase in the average balance of certificates of deposit being due to offering higher rate deposit products during the year ended June 30, 2023. The average rate paid on demand, NOW and money market accounts and certificates of deposit also increased with the average rate paid on demand, NOW and money market accounts increasing by 55 basis points and the average rate paid on certificates of deposit increasing by 96 basis points. The increase in the average rate paid on all deposit categories excluding savings deposits was due to the Bank raising the interest rates on these deposit categories to maintain customers and keep the rates in line with what our competitors were offering and to attract new funds to the Bank.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased  by $490,000, or 7.9%, to $6.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $6.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. Also included in net interest income for the year ended June 30, 2022 was the recognition of deferred fee income of $483,000 on the forgiven PPP loans repaid by the SBA compared to $0 for the year ended June 30, 2023. Net interest-earning assets increased by $2.6 million, or 6.9%, to $40.7 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $38.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. Net interest rate spread decreased by 18 basis points to 2.81% for the year ended June 30, 2023 from 2.99% for the year ended June 30, 2022, reflecting a 69 basis points increase in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities offset by a 51 basis points increase in the average yield on interest-earning assets. The net interest margin decreased five basis points to 3.04% for the year ended June 30, 2023 from 3.09% for the year ended June 30, 2022.  The increase in the average yield on interest earning assets for the year ended June 30, 2023 compared to the year ended June 30, 2022 was primarily due to an increase in the average yield of 387 basis points on our cash and cash equivalents investments due to the increases in the federal funds rate. The increase in the average interest rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities was due to the Bank raising the interest rates on all deposit categories excluding savings accounts to maintain customers and keep the rates in line with what our competitors were offering and to attract new funds to the Bank.

Provision for Loan Losses. Provisions for loan losses are charged to operations to establish an allowance for loan losses at a level necessary to absorb known and inherent losses in our loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the financial statements. In evaluating the level of the allowance for loan losses, management analyzes several qualitative loan portfolio risk factors including, but not limited to, management’s ongoing

46

review and grading of loans, facts and issues related to specific loans, historical loan loss and delinquency experience, trends in past due and non-accrual loans, existing risk characteristics of specific loans or loan pools, changes in the nature, volume and terms of loans, the fair value of underlying collateral, changes in lending personnel, current economic conditions and other qualitative and quantitative factors which could affect potential credit losses. At June 30, 2023, the qualitative loan portfolio risk factors were reduced in all loan categories except commercial and multi-family real estate which we believe exhibits the most credit risk related to local and national economic conditions as well as industry conditions and concentrations.

After an evaluation of these factors, we recorded no provision for loan losses for the years ended June 30, 2023 or 2022. Our allowance for loan losses was $2.2 million and $2.2 million at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The allowance for loan losses to total loans was 1.08% at June 30, 2023 and 1.17% at June 30, 2022. We recorded net charge-offs of $36,000 for the year ended June 30, 2023 compared to net recoveries of $9,000 for the year ended June 30, 2022. The current year charge-off was related to a participation loan with another financial institution.  There were $2.3 million in non-performing assets, or 0.97% at June 30, 2023, compared to $115,000, or 0.05% of total assets, at June 30, 2022.

To the best of our knowledge, we have recorded all loan losses that are both probable and reasonable to estimate at June 30, 2023. However, future changes in the factors described above, including, but not limited to, actual loss experience with respect to our loan portfolio, could result in material increases in our provision for loan losses. In addition, the WDFI and the FDIC, as an integral part of their examination process, will periodically review our allowance for loan losses, and as a result of such reviews, we may have to adjust our allowance for loan losses.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income information is as follows.

	Year Ended
	June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Service charges on deposit accounts	$	153	$	165	$	(12)	(7.3)	%
Mortgage banking		351		689		(338)	(49.1)	%
Increase in cash surrender value of BOLI		236		225		11	4.9	%
Gain on proceeds from life insurance death benefit		261		—		261	100.0	%
Gain on acquisition of foreclosed real estate		247		—		247	100.0	%
Net gain on securities transactions		24		14		10	71.4	%
Other		30		25		5	20.0	%
Total non-interest income	$	1,302	$	1,118	$	184	16.5	%

Non-interest income increased by $184,000, or 16.5% to $1.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 from $1.1 million for the year ended June 30, 2022 due primarily to a gain on proceeds from a life insurance death benefit and a gain on the acquisition of foreclosed real estate. These increases were offset by a decrease in mortgage banking income (consisting primarily of sales of fixed-rate one- to four-family residential real estate loans) which decreased by $338,000 as we sold $3.9 million of mortgage loans into the secondary market during the year ended June 30, 2023 compared to $16.8 million of such sales during the year ended June 30, 2022 due to an increase in market interest rates, which resulted in decreased demand for mortgage loan refinancing.  The gain on acquisition of foreclosed real estate was related to the foreclosure of collateral supporting a construction loan which was valued at $2.3 million and is included in foreclosed assets (OREO). The valuation was based on recently obtained independent appraisals subject to certain discounts less estimated costs to sell.

47

Non-Interest Expenses. Non-interest expenses information is as follows.

	Year Ended
	June 30,				Change
	2023		2022		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Salaries and employee benefits	$	3,296	$	3,135	$	161	8.7	%
Occupancy and equipment		731		711		20	2.8	%
Data processing and office		401		394		7	1.8	%
Professional fees		712		657		55	8.4	%
Marketing expenses		87		78		9	11.5	%
Debit card expenses		90		78		12	15.4
Directors fees		89		68		21	30.9
Other		478		435		43	9.9	%
Total non-interest expenses	$	5,884	$	5,556	$	328	5.9	%

Non-interest expenses were $5.9 million and $5.6 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits related to the new stock compensation plan implemented by the Company on June 28, 2022.  

Provision for Income Taxes. Income tax expense was $445,000 for the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to $437,000 for the year ended June 30, 2022. The increase in income tax expense was primarily due to an increase in the income before income taxes of $345,000 offset by a decrease in the Company’s effective tax rate. The effective tax rate for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was 21.0% and 24.7%, respectively. The effective tax rate declined during the year ended June 30, 2023 as compared to the prior year because the gain on life insurance proceeds was not subject to income taxes.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise in the ordinary course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures. Our primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, proceeds from the sale of loans, and proceeds from maturities of securities. We also have the ability to borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago. At June 30, 2023, we had a $84.0 million line of credit with the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago, which had $8.0 million in borrowings outstanding as of that date. The Bank also has $25.0 million available to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank when pledging acceptable assets and an unsecured Federal Funds purchasing limit of $5.0 million with the Bank’s correspondent bank.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. Our most liquid assets are cash and short-term investments including interest-bearing demand deposits. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending, and investing activities during any given period.

Our cash flows are comprised of three primary classifications: cash flows from operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $2.0 million and $826,000 for the years

48

ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Net cash used in investing activities, which consists primarily of disbursements for loan originations, the purchase of securities and the purchase of bank owned life insurance, offset by principal collections on loans, proceeds from the sale of securities and proceeds from maturing securities and pay downs on securities, was $14.4 million for the year ended June 30, 2023 compared to $44.2 million for the year ended June 30, 2022. Net cash provided by financing activities, consisting of activity in deposit accounts and borrowings was $15.8 million and $5.8 million for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position. We monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments. Based on our deposit retention experience, current pricing strategy and regulatory restrictions, we anticipate that a substantial portion of maturing time deposits will be retained, and that we can supplement our funding with borrowings in the event that we allow these deposits to run off at maturity.

At June 30, 2023, Marathon Bank was classified as “well capitalized” for regulatory capital purposes. See Note 16 in the Notes to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations

Commitments. As a financial services provider, we routinely are a party to various financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risks, such as commitments to extend credit and unused lines of credit. While these contractual obligations represent our future cash requirements, a significant portion of commitments to extend credit may expire without being drawn upon. Such commitments are subject to the same credit policies and approval process accorded to loans we make. At June 30, 2023, we had outstanding commitments to originate loans of $1.2 million, and outstanding commitments to sell loans of $320,000. We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds available to meet our current lending commitments. Time deposits that are scheduled to mature in one year or less from June 30, 2023 totaled $54.6 million. Management expects that a substantial portion of the maturing time deposits will be renewed. However, if a substantial portion of these deposits is not retained, we may utilize Federal Home Loan Bank advances or other borrowings, which may result in higher levels of interest expense.

Contractual Obligations. In the ordinary course of our operations, we enter into certain contractual obligations. Such obligations include data processing services, operating leases for premises and equipment, agreements with respect to borrowed funds and deposit liabilities.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Please refer to Note 1 of the notes to consolidated the financial statements beginning on page 50 for a description of recent accounting pronouncements that may affect our financial condition and results of operations.

Impact of Inflation and Changing Price

The financial statements and related data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the measurement of financial position and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. The primary impact of inflation on our operations is reflected in increased operating costs. Unlike most industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of a financial institution are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates, generally, have a more significant impact on a financial institution’s performance than does inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or to the same extent as the prices of goods and services.

ITEM 7A: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Not required of a smaller reporting company.

49

ITEM 8: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 1884)	51
Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets	52
Consolidated Statements of Income	53
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	54
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity	55
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	56
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements	57

50

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and

Stockholders of Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Wausau, Wisconsin

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2023, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of June 30, 2023, and 2022, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the two-year period ended June 30, 2023, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the 2022 consolidated financial statements have been restated to correct a misstatement.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2020.

/s/ Bonadio & Co., LLP

Syracuse, New York

September 20, 2023

51

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

June 30, 2023 and 2022

	June 30,
			Restated
	2023		2022
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	2,272,088	$	2,418,041
Federal funds sold		9,503,000		6,010,000
Cash and cash equivalents		11,775,088		8,428,041
Interest bearing deposits held in other financial institutions		3,762,139		1,945,073
Debt securities available for sale		8,921,715		10,617,238
Debt securities held to maturity, at amortized cost (fair value $378,046 and $419,000)		516,089		532,363
Loans, net of allowance of $2,158,590 and $2,195,050, respectively		197,713,756		185,629,872
Interest receivable		612,724		565,929
Foreclosed assets (OREO)		2,312,240		—
Investment in restricted stock, at cost		770,273		323,000
Cash surrender value life insurance		8,724,198		9,193,315
Premises and equipment, net		2,128,392		1,676,060
Deferred tax asset		486,916		578,618
Other assets		1,055,069		1,010,869
Total assets	$	238,778,599	$	220,500,378
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities
Deposits
Non-interest bearing	$	26,180,842	$	23,698,115
Interest bearing		171,073,464		164,402,333
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances		8,000,000		—
Other liabilities		2,244,775		1,175,565
Total liabilities		207,499,081		189,276,013
Stockholders' Equity
Preferred stock, $.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued		—		—
Common stock, $.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized, 2,157,497 and 2,269,700
shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and 2022		21,141		22,295
Additional paid-in capital		7,252,506		8,487,400
Retained earnings		25,577,300		23,905,230
Unearned ESOP shares, at cost		(786,572)		(821,531)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(784,857)		(369,029)
Total stockholders' equity		31,279,518		31,224,365
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	238,778,599	$	220,500,378

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

52

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Income

For the Years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

	June 30,
	2023		2022
Interest Income
Loans, including fees	$	8,181,894	$	6,758,834
Debt securities		249,518		331,106
Other		546,398		67,202
Total interest income		8,977,810		7,157,142
Interest Expense
Deposits		2,175,876		940,953
Borrowings and other		102,623		6,814
Total interest expense		2,278,499		947,767
Net Interest Income		6,699,311		6,209,375
Provision for Loan Losses		—		—
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan Losses		6,699,311		6,209,375
Non-Interest Income
Service charges on deposit accounts		153,069		165,495
Mortgage banking income		351,377		689,334
Increase in cash value of life insurance		236,420		224,580
Gain on proceeds from life insurance death benefit		261,297		—
Net gain on securities transactions		24,000		14,000
Gain on acquisition of foreclosed assets		246,751		—
Other income		28,664		24,938
Total non-interest income		1,301,578		1,118,347
Non-Interest Expenses
Salaries and employee benefits		3,296,003		3,135,242
Occupancy and equipment expenses		730,989		710,842
Data processing and office		400,918		393,768
Professional fees		712,246		656,954
Marketing expenses		87,179		77,626
Debit card expenses		89,886		78,142
Directors fees		89,256		67,900
Other expenses		477,607		435,103
Total non-interest expenses		5,884,084		5,555,577
Income Before Income Taxes		2,116,805		1,772,145
Provision for Income Taxes		444,735		437,382
Net Income	$	1,672,070	$	1,334,763
Net income per common shares-basic and diluted		$ 0.79		$ 0.62
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-basic		2,108,612		2,145,095
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding-diluted		2,112,509		—

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

53

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

For the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

	June 30,
	2023		2022
Net Income	$	1,672,070	$	1,334,763
Other comprehensive loss
Unrealized losses on available for sale debt securities
Unrealized holding loss arising during the period		(556,318)		(682,767)
Tax effect		152,142		186,050
Net amount		(404,176)		(496,717)
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income (b)		(24,000)		(14,000)
Tax effect		6,538		3,815
Net amount		(17,462)		(10,185)
Amortization of unrealized losses on debt securities transferred from available for sale to held to maturity (a)		5,810		17,206
Other comprehensive loss		(415,828)		(489,696)
Comprehensive Income	$	1,256,242	$	845,067

(a) The reclassification adjustment is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Interest Income - Debt Securities.

(b)  The reclassification adjustment is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Net Gain on Securities

Transactions.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

54

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

											Accumulated
					Additional				Unearned		Other
	Preferred		Common		Paid-in		Retained		ESOP		Comprehensive
	Stock		Stock		Capital		Earnings		Shares		Income (Loss)		Total
Balance July 1, 2021, as previously reported	$	—	$	22,295	$	8,484,019	$	22,088,669	$	(866,499)	$	120,667	$	29,849,151
Deferred tax adjustment (Note 1)		—		—		—		481,798		—		—		481,798
Balance July 1, 2021, as restated		—		22,295		8,484,019		22,570,467		(866,499)		120,667		30,330,949
Net income		—		—		—		1,334,763		—		—		1,334,763
ESOP shares committed to be released (4,497 shares)		—		—		3,381		—		44,968		—		48,349
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		(489,696)		(489,696)
Balance, June 30, 2022		—		22,295		8,487,400		23,905,230		(821,531)		(369,029)		31,224,365
Net income		—		—		—		1,672,070		—		—		1,672,070
ESOP shares committed to be released (3,496 shares)		—		—		5,168		—		34,959		—		40,127
Stock based compensation						130,628								130,628
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—		—		(415,828)		(415,828)
Purchase and retirement of common stock shares (115,405 shares)		—	—	(1,154)	—	(1,370,690)	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	(1,371,844)
Balance, June 30, 2023	$	—	$	21,141	$	7,252,506	$	25,577,300	$	(786,572)	$	(784,857)	$	31,279,518

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

55

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the Years Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

	June 30,
	2023		2022
Operating Activities
Net income	$	1,672,070	$	1,334,763
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation		205,013		207,951
Provision for loan losses		—		—
Amortization of deferred loan fees		(50,036)		(535,665)
ESOP expense		40,127		48,349
Stock based compensation		130,628		—
Net amortization of discounts and premiums on debt securities		101,677		119,555
Net gain on sale of loans		(129,520)		(308,444)
Realized gain on available for sale debt securities		(24,000)		(14,000)
Net gain on foreclosed assets		(246,751)		—
Net change in deferred taxes		249,564		362,678
Gain from proceeds on life insurance death benefit		(261,297)		—
Earnings on cash value of life insurance		(236,420)		(224,580)
Increase in interest receivable		(46,795)		(13,413)
Originations of loans held for sale		(3,868,410)		(16,779,892)
Proceeds from loans held for sale		3,997,930		17,088,336
Net amortization of operating lease right of use assets		106,855		—
Net change in operating lease liabilities		(113,655)		—
Net change in other assets		(21,880)		(185,787)
Net change in other liabilities		484,029		(274,319)
Net Cash from Operating Activities		1,989,129		825,532
Investing Activities
Net change in interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions		(1,817,066)		117,390
Purchase of debt securities available for sale		—		(3,500,000)
Proceeds from life insurance death benefit		966,834		—
Proceeds from sales, maturities, and repayments of debt securities available for sale		1,037,601		2,987,332
Proceeds from maturities and calls of debt securities held to maturity		22,828		196,744
Purchase of bank owned life insurance		—		(3,000,000)
Net increase in restricted stock		(447,273)		(60,800)
Net change in loans		(14,121,657)		(40,924,889)
Purchases of property and equipment		(65,363)		(34,094)
Net Cash used in Investing Activities		(14,424,096)		(44,218,317)
Financing Activities
Net change in deposits		9,153,858		16,144,331
Borrowings of FHLB advances		8,000,000		—
Borrowings (Repayments) of PPPLF funding, net		—		(10,372,148)
Purchase and retirement of common stock		(1,371,844)		—
Net Cash from Financing Activities		15,782,014		5,772,183
Net Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents		3,347,047		(37,620,602)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year		8,428,041		46,048,643
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year	$	11,775,088	$	8,428,041
Supplemental Disclosure of Cash Flow Information
Cash payments for
Interest	$	2,234,990	$	944,133
Taxes		159,000		79,000
Supplemental Disclosure of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities
Transfer of loans to foreclosed assets	$	2,087,809	$	—
Lease liabilities arising from using right-of-use assets		698,837		—

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

56

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Note 1 -     Significant Accounting Policies

Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements

During fiscal 2023, the Company corrected an accounting error related to $481,798 of deferred taxes recorded in years prior to fiscal 2022 by the Bank.

On September 19, 2023, upon the recommendation of management, the Audit Committee of the Company determined that the Company erroneously has maintained a deferred tax liability, which it will not be required to recapture as management does not intend to redeem stock, make distributions in excess of earnings and profits, or take other actions that would result in the recapture of this reserve. The Company previously included a deferred tax liability for its pre-1988 excess tax bad debt deductions because it originally concluded that its 1993 charter conversion resulted in it ceasing to be a “thrift”. Upon further investigation during fiscal year 2023, the Company determined that the charter conversion from a Mutual Savings and Loan Association to a Mutual Savings Bank charter did not disqualify it from the special provisions provided to “thrift” institutions regarding the ability to forego recognition of a deferred tax liability.

As a thrift institution, the Bank is subject to special provisions in the tax laws regarding its allowable tax bad debt deductions and related tax bad debt reserves. These deductions are determined using methods based on loss experience or a percentage of taxable income. Tax bad debt reserves represent the excess of allowable deductions over actual bad debt losses and include a defined base-year amount. Deferred tax liabilities are required to be recognized with respect to reserves in excess of the base-year amount, as well as any portion of the base-year amount that is expected to become taxable (or “recaptured”) in the foreseeable future.

Therefore, as of July 1, 2021, to correct this accounting error, the Company recorded an adjustment to opening retained earnings and deferred tax assets in the amount of $481,798.

At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had an unrecaptured pre-1988 federal bad debt reserve of approximately $1.5 million for which no federal income tax provision has been made. As noted above, a deferred tax liability has not been provided on this amount, as management does not intend to redeem stock, make distributions in excess of earnings and profits, or take other actions that would result in recapture of the reserve.

In evaluating whether the previously issued Consolidated Financial Statements were materially misstated for the interim or annual periods June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively, the Company applied the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 1.M, Assessing Materiality, and SAB Topic 1.N, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements and concluded that the effect of the errors on prior period annual financial statements was material; and therefore as noted in SAB Topic 1.N. the Company has restated the June 30, 2022 consolidated financial statements in accordance with FASB ASC 250-10-45-23. Restatement requires all of the following:

a. The cumulative effect of the error on periods prior to those presented shall be reflected in the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities as of the beginning of the first period presented.

b. An offsetting adjustment, if any, shall be made to the opening balance of retained earnings (or other appropriate components of equity or net assets in the statement of financial position) for that period.

c. Financial statements for each individual prior period presented shall be adjusted to reflect correction of the period-specific effects of the error.

Also, in accordance with SAB Topic 1.N., the Company has disclosed the nature and amount of the cumulative effect adjustment as well as how the error being corrected arose. Previously filed interim reports are not being amended, as the

57

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Company is disclosing the impact to the consolidated financial statements for each quarterly period beginning July 1, 2021 within this footnote. Comparative information presented in reports for interim periods subsequent to June 30, 2023 will be adjusted to reflect the cumulative effect adjustment as of July 1, 2021.

Note 11- Income Taxes has also been updated to reflect this cumulative effect adjustment.

The following table shows the consolidated financial statement amounts as previously reported and as revised and for each quarterly period in the two-year period ended June 30, 2023:

	September 30, 2022		2021		As
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments		Revised
Assets
Deferred tax asset	$	65,171	$	481,798	$	546,969
Total Assets	$	235,792,702	$	481,798	$	236,274,500
Liabilities and Stockholders'
Equity
Retained earnings	$	23,934,585	$	481,798	$	24,416,383
Total stockholders' equity		31,170,144		481,798		31,651,942
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	235,792,702	$	481,798	$	236,274,500

	December 31, 2022		2021		As
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments		Revised
Assets
Other assets	$	1,086,721	$	481,798	$	1,568,519
Total Assets	$	236,207,808	$	481,798	$	236,689,606
Liabilities and Stockholders'
Equity
Retained earnings	$	24,235,985	$	481,798	$	24,717,783
Total stockholders' equity		31,219,600		481,798		31,701,398
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	236,207,808	$	481,798	$	236,689,606

	March 31, 2023		2021		As
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments		Revised
Assets
Other assets	$	1,027,381	$	481,798	$	1,509,179
Total Assets	$	238,290,970	$	481,798	$	238,772,768
Liabilities and Stockholders'
Equity
Retained earnings	$	24,601,681	$	481,798	$	25,083,479
Total stockholders' equity		30,382,205		481,798		30,864,003
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	238,290,970	$	481,798	$	238,772,768

	September 30, 2021		2021		As
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments		Revised
Assets
Deferred tax asset	$	150,382	$	481,798	$	632,180
Total Assets	$	206,622,110	$	481,798	$	207,103,908
Liabilities and Stockholders'
Equity
Retained earnings	$	22,505,760	$	481,798	$	22,987,558
Total stockholders' equity		30,282,157		481,798		30,763,955
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	206,622,110	$	481,798	$	207,103,908

58

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

	December 31, 2021		2021		As
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments		Revised
Assets
Deferred tax asset	$	94,133	$	481,798	$	575,931
Total Assets	$	215,213,828	$	481,798	$	215,695,626
Liabilities and Stockholders'
Equity
Retained earnings	$	22,790,625	$	481,798	$	23,272,423
Total stockholders' equity		30,527,955		481,798		31,009,753
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	215,213,828	$	481,798	$	215,695,626

	March 31, 2022		2021		As
	As Previously Reported		Adjustments		Revised
Assets
Deferred tax asset	$	141,142	$	481,798	$	622,940
Total Assets	$	220,763,196	$	481,798	$	221,244,994
Liabilities and Stockholders'
Equity
Retained earnings	$	23,039,451	$	481,798	$	23,521,249
Total stockholders' equity		30,503,088		481,798		30,984,886
Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity	$	220,763,196	$	481,798	$	221,244,994

Basis of Presentation and Nature of Operations

Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) is a Maryland chartered mid-tier stock holding company and was formed in connection with the conversion of Marathon Bank (the “Bank”) from a mutual to the mutual holding company form of organization in April 2021, and it is a subsidiary of Marathon MHC (the “Mutual Holding Company”), a Wisconsin chartered mutual holding company. The Mutual Holding Company received 1,226,223 shares, or 55.0%, of the Company’s issued stock at the time of the reorganization. In connection with the reorganization, Marathon Bancorp, Inc. sold 1,003,274 shares of common stock to the public at $10.00 per share, representing 45.0% of its outstanding shares of common stock at the time of the reorganization. The stock offering resulted in gross proceeds of $10.0 million, net of offering expenses of $1.4 million, resulting in net proceeds of $8.5 million. The Mutual Holding Company activity is not included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Marathon Bank is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The same directors and officers, who manage the Bank, also manage the Company and the Mutual Holding Company.

The Bank is a Wisconsin stock savings bank, which conducts its business through four facilities. The Bank operates as a full-service financial institution with a primary market area including, but not limited to, Marathon County and Ozaukee County, Wisconsin. Its primary deposit products are demand deposits, savings, and certificates of deposits; and its primary lending products are commercial real estate, commercial and industrial, construction, one-to-four-family residential, multi-family real estate and consumer loans.

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and prevailing practices within the banking industry. The Company maintains its accounts using the accrual basis of accounting. Under the accrual basis of accounting, revenues are recognized when earned and expenses are recognized when incurred. The significant accounting policies described below, together with the notes that follow, are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

59

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Bank. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company, as used in the consolidated financial statements, refers to the consolidated group.

Use of Estimates

In preparing financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the balance sheet and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant changes in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, valuation of deferred tax assets, other-than-temporary impairment of debt securities and fair value of financial assets and liabilities.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The majority of the Company’s loans and commitments to extend credit have been granted to customers in the Company’s market area. Although the Company’s loan portfolio is diversified, a substantial portion of the Company’s customers’ ability to honor their contracts is dependent upon the local business economy in which the Company operates. The concentration of credit by type of loan is set forth in Note 4 of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash and balances due from banks and federal funds sold with other banks, all of which have original maturities of 90 days or less.

Balances in transaction accounts at other financial institutions may exceed amounts covered by federal deposit insurance. Management regularly evaluates the credit risk associated with other financial institutions and believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risks on cash and cash equivalents.

Interest Bearing Deposits in Other Financial Institutions

Interest-bearing deposits with other financial institutions consist of certificates of deposits in other banks with original maturities of less than one year.

Debt Securities

The Company classifies its debt securities as available for sale or held to maturity. Debt securities classified as available for sale are recorded at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in comprehensive income. Debt securities, which the Company has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity, are classified as held to maturity and are carried at amortized cost.

Purchase premiums and discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method to the call date or over the terms of the securities, if there is no call date. Gains and losses on the sale of securities are recorded on the trade date and are determined using the specific identification method.

For a debt security transferred into the held to maturity category from the available for sale category, the unrealized holding gain or loss at the date of the transfer is reported in accumulated other comprehensive income and amortized over the

60

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

remaining life of the security as an adjustment of yield in a manner consistent with the amortization of any premium or discount.

The Company follows the accounting guidance related to recognition and presentation of other-than-temporary impairment. This guidance specifies that (a) if the Company does not have the intent to sell a debt security prior to recovery, and (b) it is more likely than not that it will not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery, the security would not be considered other-than-temporarily impaired unless there is a credit loss. When an entity does not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that the entity will not have to sell the security before recovery of its cost basis, it will recognize the credit component of an other-than-temporary impairment of a debt security in earnings and the remaining portion in other comprehensive income.

Investments in Restricted Stock

Investments in restricted stock consist of Federal Home Loan Bank stock. The Bank, as a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, is required to hold a specific number of shares of capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago. Since ownership of this stock is restricted, the stock is carried at cost and evaluated periodically for impairment. The carrying amount of the Bank’s investment in Federal Home Loan Bank stock was $770,273 and $323,000 as of  June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Fair Value Measurements

The Company determined the fair value of certain assets in accordance with the provisions of FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic Accounting Standards Codification 820, Fair Value Measurements, which provides a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles.

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. It is required that valuation techniques maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. The Standard also establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the valuation inputs into three broad levels:

● Level 1 inputs consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

● Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the related asset.

● Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs related to the asset.

See Note 18 of the notes to consolidated financial statements.

Loans Held for Sale

Loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are carried at lower of cost or fair value. For loans carried at the lower of cost or fair value, gains and losses on loan sales (sales proceeds minus carrying value) are recorded in non-interest income, and direct loan origination costs and fees are deferred at origination of the loan and are recognized in non-interest income upon sale of the loan. The Company had $0 and $78,000 of loans held for sale as of  June 30, 2023 and 2022, included in net loans on the consolidated balance sheet.

Loans

Loans are reported at their outstanding unpaid principal balance adjusted for the allowance for loan losses.

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Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued at the time the loan is 90 days delinquent unless the credit is well-secured and in process of collection. Past due status is based on contractual terms of the loan. Loans are placed on non-accrual or charged-off at an earlier date if collection of principal or interest is considered doubtful. All interest accrued but not collected for loans that are placed on non-accrual or charged-off is reversed against interest income.

The interest on these loans is accounted for on the cash-basis or cost-recovery method, until qualifying for return to accrual. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured.

Loan Origination Fees and Costs

Loan origination fees and related direct origination costs associated with loans are deferred and amortized over the life of the loan on a level-yield basis as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of the loan.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses established as losses is estimated to have occurred through a provision for loan losses charged to earnings. Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan balance is confirmed. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is evaluated on a regular basis by management and is based upon management’s periodic review of the collectability of the loans in light of historical experience, the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrower’s ability to repay, estimated value of any underlying collateral, and prevailing economic conditions. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires estimates that are susceptible to significant revision as more information becomes available.

The allowance consists of allocated, general and unallocated components. The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as impaired. For those loans that are classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. General components cover non-impaired loans and are based on historical loss rates for each portfolio segment, adjusted for the effects of qualitative or environmental factors that are likely to cause estimated credit losses as of the evaluation date to differ from the portfolio segment’s historical loss experience. Qualitative factors include consideration of the following: changes in lending policies and procedures; changes in economic conditions;  changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio; changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; changes in the volume and severity of past due, nonaccrual and other adversely graded loans; changes in the loan review system; changes in the value of the underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans; concentrations of credit; and the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements.

The unallocated component of the allowance for loan losses covers several considerations that are not specifically measurable through either the allocated or general components. For example, at times the Company could face increasing credit risks and uncertainties, not yet reflected in recent historical losses or qualitative factor assessments, associated with unpredictable changes in economic growth or business conditions in our markets or for certain industries in which we have commercial loan borrowers, or unanticipated stresses to the values of real estate held as collateral. Any or all of these additional issues can adversely affect our borrowers’ ability to timely repay their loans. Also, the unallocated component allocation recognizes the inherent imprecision in our allowance for loan loss methodology, or any alternative methodology, for estimating allocated and general loan losses, including the unpredictable timing and amounts of charge-offs, the fact that historical loss averages don’t necessarily correlate to future loss trends, and unexpected changes to specific-credit or general portfolio future cash flows and collateral values which could negatively impact unimpaired portfolio loss factors.

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Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans that experience insignificant payment delays and payment shortfalls generally are not classified as impaired. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reason for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial and commercial real estate loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate, the loan’s observable market price, or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.

Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) are individually evaluated for impairment and included in the separately identified impairment disclosures. Loans whose terms are modified are classified as troubled debt restructurings if the Company grants borrowers concessions and it is deemed that those borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty. Concessions granted under a troubled debt restructuring generally involve a below-market interest rate based on the loan’s risk characteristics, an extension of a loan’s stated maturity date or a significant delay in payment. Non-accrual troubled debt restructurings are restored to accrual status if principal and interest payments, under the modified terms, are current for a sustained period after modification. For TDRs that subsequently default, the Company determines the amount of the allowance on that loan in accordance with the accounting policy for the allowance for loan losses on loans individually identified as impaired.

Major categories of loans are further defined by the Company into portfolio segments identified by the Company including commercial and industrial, commercial real estate, construction, one-to-four-family residential, multi-family real estate and consumer loans. Relevant risk characteristics for these portfolio segments generally include debt service coverage, loan-to-value ratios and financial performance on non-consumer loans and credit scores, debt-to-income, collateral type and loan-to-value ratios for consumer loans.

Credit Related Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit, including commitments to grant loans. Such financial instruments are recorded when they are funded.

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company – put presumptively beyond the reach of the transferor and its creditors, even in bankruptcy or other receivership; (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets; and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity or the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return specific assets.

Foreclosed Assets

Assets acquired through, or in lieu of, loan foreclosure are held for sale and are initially recorded at fair value less estimated cost to sell at the date of foreclosure, establishing a new cost basis. Subsequent to foreclosure, valuations are periodically performed by management and the assets are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell. Revenue and expenses from operations and changes in the valuation allowance are included in net expenses from foreclosed assets.

63

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The recorded investment in 1-4 family owner occupied properties that were in process of foreclosure was $0 and $0  at June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. Foreclosed assets were $2,312,240 and $0 at June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Cash Surrender Value Life Insurance

Investment in life insurance contracts is stated at cash surrender value of the various insurance policies. The income on the investment is included in non-interest income.

Mortgage Servicing Rights

Servicing assets are recognized as separate assets when rights are acquired through purchase or through sale of financial assets. Generally, purchased servicing rights are capitalized at the cost to acquire the rights. For sales of mortgage loans, a portion of the cost of originating the loan is allocated to the servicing right based on its fair value. Fair value is based on market prices for comparable mortgage servicing contracts, when available, or alternatively, is based on a valuation model that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. Servicing assets are evaluated for impairment based upon the fair value of the rights as compared to amortized cost. Impairment is recognized through valuation allowance for individual tranches, to the extent that fair value is less than the capitalized amount for the tranches. If the Company later determines that all or a portion of the impairment no longer exists, a reduction of the allowance may be recorded as an increase to income. Capitalized servicing rights are included with other assets on the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized into non-interest income in proportion to, and over the period of, the estimated future net servicing income of the underlying financial assets.

Servicing fee income is recorded for fees earned for servicing loans. The fees are based on a contractual percentage of the outstanding principal or a fixed amount per loan and are recorded as income when earned. The amortization of mortgage servicing rights is netted against loan servicing fee income.

Loans serviced for others are not included in the consolidated balance sheet. The unpaid principal balances of mortgage loans serviced for others was approximately $81,849,000 and $85,493,000 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company had a mortgage servicing right asset of $818,151 and $790,482 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Software amortization is included in depreciation expense. Buildings and related components are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 5 to 40 years for buildings and improvements and 3 to 10 years for furniture and equipment. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the related terms of the leases or their useful lives.

Income Taxes

Income taxes are provided for the tax effects of transactions reported in the consolidated financial statements and consist of taxes currently due plus deferred taxes related primarily to differences between the basis of property and equipment, allowance for loan losses, mortgage servicing rights, and net operating losses for financial and income tax reporting. The deferred tax assets and liabilities represent the future tax return consequences of those differences, which will either be taxable or deductible when the assets and liabilities are recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

64

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The Company evaluates its tax positions that have been taken or are expected to be taken on income tax returns to determine if an accrual is necessary for uncertain tax positions. As of June 30, 2023 and 2022, the unrecognized tax benefit accrual was zero. The Company will recognize future accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense if incurred.

Employee Benefit Plans

The Company sponsors a 401(k) salary deferral plan available to substantially all employees. The plan provides for Company-matching contributions based on a percentage of participant contributions as well as Company profit-sharing and safe harbor contributions.

The Company also sponsors an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) that is available to substantially all employees. Shares are released to employees on a straight-line basis over the loan term and allocated based on participant compensation. See Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Such costs were $87,179 and $77,626 for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

Compensation costs related to share-based payment transactions are recognized based on the grant-date fair value of the stock-based compensation issued. Compensation costs are recognized over the period that an employee provides service in exchange for the award.  Compensation costs related to the Employee Stock Ownership Plan are dependent upon the average stock price and the shares committed to be released to plan participants through the period in which income is reported.

Earnings per Common Share

Basic net income per common share is calculated by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Unallocated common shares held by the ESOP are not included in the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for purposes of calculating earnings per common share until they are committed to be released.  Diluted earnings per share is adjusted for the dilutive effects of stock based compensation and

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Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

is calculated using the treasury stock method. Set forth below is the calculation of earnings per share. See Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

		Years Ended June 30,
	2023		2022
Net income applicable to common stock	$	1,672,070	$	1,334,763
Average number of shares outstanding		2,189,017		2,229,497
Less: Average unallocated ESOP shares		80,405		84,402
Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate basic earnings per share		2,108,612		2,145,095
Effect of dilutive restricted stock awards		3,897		-
Average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate dilutive earnings per share		2,112,509		2,145,095
Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.79	$	0.62
Diluted		0.79		0.62

Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income consists of net income and other comprehensive income. Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains on available for sale debt securities, reclassification of realized gains on sale of available for sale debt securities, and unrealized loss related to debt securities classified as available for sale transferred to debt securities classified as held to maturity.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying consolidated financial statements to maintain consistency between periods presented. The reclassification had no impact on net income or equity.

Revenue Recognition

The majority of the Company’s revenues come from interest income on loans and available for sale debt securities that are outside the scope of FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The Company’s services that fall within the scope of Topic 606 are presented within non-interest income and are recognized as revenue as the Company satisfies its obligation to the customer. All of the Company’s revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of Topic 606 is recognized within non-interest income which includes service charges on deposit accounts and the sale of foreclosed assets.

A description of the Company’s revenue streams accounted for under Topic 606 follows:

Service Charges on Deposit Accounts: Service charges on deposit accounts relate to fees generated from a variety of deposit products and services rendered to customers. Charges include, but are not limited to, overdraft fees,

66

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

non-sufficient fund fees, dormant fees, and monthly service charges. Such fees are recognized concurrent with the event on a daily basis or on a monthly basis depending upon the customer’s cycle date.

Gains (Losses) on Sales of Foreclosed Assets: The Company records a gain or loss from a sale of foreclosed assets when control of the property transfers to the buyer, which generally occurs at the time of an executed deed. If the Company finances the sale of foreclosed asset to the buyer, the Company assesses whether the buyer is committed to perform their obligations under the contract and whether collectability of the transaction price is probable. Once these criteria are met, the foreclosed asset is derecognized, and the gain or loss on sale is recorded upon the transfer of control of the property to the buyer. In determining the gain or loss on the sale, the Company adjusts the transaction price and related gain (loss) on sale if a significant financing component is present.

Gain on Acquisition of Foreclosed Assets: The Company records a gain from the acquisition of foreclosed assets when the fair value, net of estimated cost to sell, exceeds the loan balance. The increase in value may be reported as noninterest income unless there had been a prior charge-off, in which case a recovery to the allowance for loan losses would be appropriate.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

This section provides a summary description of recent ASUs issued by the FASB to the ASC that had or that management expects may have an impact on the consolidated financial statements issued upon adoption. The Company is classified as an emerging growth company and has elected to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. Effective dates reflect this election.

Recently Issued, But Not Yet Effective Accounting Pronouncements

During June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” The ASU, as amended, requires an entity to measure expected credit losses for financial assets carried at amortized cost based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Among other things, the ASU also amended the impairment model for available for sale securities and addressed purchased financial assets with deterioration.  The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 as of July 1, 2023 in accordance with the required implementation date and recorded the impact of adoption to retained earnings, net of deferred income taxes, as required by the standard. The Company does not expect a material adjustment to the stockholders’ equity balance on an after-tax basis, inclusive of the estimated liability for unfunded commitments, upon the adoption of ASU 2016-13 on July 1, 2023.  Subsequent to adoption, the Company will record adjustments to its allowance for credit losses and reserves for unfunded commitments through the provision for credit losses in the consolidated statements of income.

The Company is utilizing a third-party model to tabulate its estimate of current expected credit losses, using a discounted cash flow methodology. In accordance with ASC 326, the Company has segmented its loan portfolio based on similar risk characteristics which included call report code. The Company primarily utilizes benchmarked probability of default and loss given default for its reasonable and supportable forecasting of current expected credit losses. To further adjust the allowance for credit losses for expected losses not already included within the quantitative component of the calculation, the Company may consider the following qualitative adjustment factors: changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collections; changes in international, national, regional, and local conditions; changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans; changes in the experience, depth, and ability of lending management; changes in the volume and severity of past due loans and other similar conditions; changes in the quality of the Company’s loan review system; changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral dependent loans; the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the levels of such concentrations; the effect of other external factors (i.e. competition, legal and regulatory requirements) on the level of estimated credit losses; and changes in the inflationary environment and included an assessment of data availability and gap analysis, data collection, consideration and analysis of multiple loss estimation methodologies, an assessment of relevant qualitative factors and

67

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

correlation analysis of multiple potential loss drivers and their impact on the Company’s historical loss experience. During fiscal year 2023, the Company calculated its current expected credit losses model in parallel to its incurred loss model in order to further refine the methodology and model.

In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures.” ASU 2022-02 addresses areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the credit losses standard (ASU 2016-13) that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require a public business entity to disclose current-period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively, except for the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, an entity has the option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. For entities that have adopted ASU 2016-13, ASU 2022-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For entities that have not yet adopted ASU 2016-13, the effective dates for ASU 2022-02 are the same as the effective dates in ASU 2016-13. Early adoption is permitted if an entity has adopted ASU 2016-13. An entity may elect to early adopt the amendments about TDRs and related disclosure enhancements separately from the amendments related to vintage disclosures. The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on July 1, 2023 and the adoption will not have a material impact on the Company’s operations, cash flows or capital ratios, nor did it cause the Company to no longer be well capitalized.

  Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

During February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee‘s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. The ASU was initially effective for non-public business entities’ financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. In September 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-05. Under ASU 2020-05, private companies may apply the new leases standard for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and to interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Earlier application is permitted. Due to the Company’s extended transition period election, the amendments were effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. The Company has adopted ASU 2016-02 and the impact was not material to the consolidated financial

statements. The implementation of ASU 2016-02 resulted in recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities totaling $698,837 at the date of adoption, July 1, 2022, which are related to the Company’s five operating  lease obligations. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s operations, cash flows or capital ratios, nor did it cause the Company to no longer be well capitalized.

Note 2 -     Restrictions on Cash and Due from Banks

Based on the type and amount of deposits received, the Bank must maintain an appropriate cash reserve in accordance with Federal Reserve Bank reserve requirements. The total of those reserve requirements were satisfied by vault cash as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

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Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Note 3 -     Debt Securities

Debt securities have been classified in the consolidated balance sheet according to management’s intent. The carrying value of securities as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, consists of the following:

	June 30,
	2023		2022
Available for sale debt securities, at fair value	$	8,921,715	$	10,617,238
Held to maturity debt securities, at amortized cost		516,089		532,363
	$	9,437,804	$	11,149,601

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities, with gross unrealized gains and losses, are as follows:

			Gross			Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2023
Available for sale debt securities
States and municipalities	$	904,308	$	503	$	(16,739)	$	888,072
Mortgage-backed		1,935,106		23,125		(111,217)		1,847,014
Corporate bonds		7,099,328		—		(912,699)		6,186,629
	$	9,938,742	$	23,628	$	(1,040,655)	$	8,921,715
Held to maturity debt securities
Mortgage-backed	$	516,089	$	—	$	(138,043)	$	378,046

			Gross		Gross
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized
	Cost		Gains		Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2022
Available for sale debt securities
States and municipalities	$	1,050,034	$	25,395	$	(7,523)	$	1,067,906
Mortgage-backed		2,825,546		27,189		(113,681)		2,739,054
Corporate bonds		7,178,367		—		(368,089)		6,810,278
	$	11,053,947	$	52,584	$	(489,293)	$	10,617,238
Held to maturity debt securities
Mortgage-backed	$	532,363	$	—	$	(113,363)	$	419,000

69

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table shows the gross unrealized losses and fair value of the Company’s securities with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Gross				Gross				Gross
	Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2023
Available for sale debt securities
States and municipalities	$	(16,739)	$	768,052	$	—	$	—	$	(16,739)	$	768,052
Mortgage-backed		(2,879)		109,037		(108,338)		1,615,016		(111,217)		1,724,053
Corporate bonds		(90,000)		410,000		(822,699)		5,776,629		(912,699)		6,186,629
	$	(109,618)	$	1,287,089	$	(931,037)	$	7,391,645	$	(1,040,655)	$	8,678,734
Held to maturity debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities	$	(138,043)	$	378,046	$	—	$	—	$	(138,043)	$	378,046

	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Gross				Gross				Gross
	Unrealized				Unrealized				Unrealized
	Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value		Losses		Fair Value
June 30, 2022
Available for sale debt securities
States and municipalities	$	(6,144)	$	688,504	$	(1,379)	$	58,621	$	(7,523)	$	747,125
Mortgage-backed		(98,106)		2,421,426		(15,575)		101,977		(113,681)		2,523,403
Corporate bonds		(302,991)		5,791,516		(65,098)		1,018,762		(368,089)		6,810,278
	$	(407,241)	$	8,901,446	$	(82,052)	$	1,179,360	$	(489,293)	$	10,080,806
Held to maturity debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities	$	(113,363)	$	419,000	$	—	$	—	$	(113,363)	$	419,000

There were 15 securities in an unrealized loss position in the less than 12-month category and 52 securities in the over 12-month category at June 30, 2023. There were 58 securities in an unrealized loss position in the less than 12 months category and 6 securities in the over 12-month category at June 30, 2022. All of these unrealized losses were caused by interest rate changes. The contractual terms of the securities do not permit the issuer to settle the securities at a price less than the amortized cost basis of the investment. Because the Company does not intend to sell the securities and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider the securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

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Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The amortized cost and fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity at June 30, 2023, follows:

	Available for Sale Debt Securities				Held to Maturity Debt Securities
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
June 30, 2023
Due in one year or less	$	505,197	$	492,347	$	—	$	—
Due from more than one to five years		2,861,689		2,774,708		—		—
Due from more than five to ten years		4,636,750		3,807,646		—		—
		8,003,636		7,074,701		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities		1,935,106		1,847,014		516,089		378,046
	$	9,938,742	$	8,921,715	$	516,089	$	378,046

Securities with a carrying value of approximately $415,000 and $667,000 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, were pledged to secure public deposits and debt.

There were no sales of available for sale debt securities during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.  The Company did recognize gains of $24,000 and $14,000, respectively, on bonds that matured during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 related to previous other than temporary impairment charges taken on these securities.

Note 4 -     Loans

A summary of loans by major category follows:

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Commercial real estate	$	84,580,946	$	80,603,153
Commercial and industrial		6,878,209		8,778,723
Construction		1,905,255		10,582,488
One-to-four-family residential		59,562,818		51,890,948
Multi-family real estate		44,183,871		33,944,903
Consumer		2,824,747		2,100,259
Total loans		199,935,846		187,900,474
Deferred loan fees		(63,500)		(75,552)
Allowance for loan losses		(2,158,590)		(2,195,050)
Loans, net	$	197,713,756	$	185,629,872

The following table presents the activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, and the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans by portfolio segment based on impairment method as of  June 30, 2023 and 2022:

71

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

	Commercial		Commercial				One-to-Four		Multi-Family
	Real Estate		and Industrial		Construction		Residential		Real Estate		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
June 30, 2023
Allowance for credit losses
Balance at beginning of year	$	1,591,644	$	32,701	$	55,029	$	263,951	$	233,371	$	601	$	17,753	$	2,195,050
Charge-offs		(136,753)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(136,753)
Recoveries		98,084		—		—		—		—		2,209		—		100,293
Provisions		(356,496)		(14,990)		(48,727)		(57,180)		132,030		(2,157)		347,520		—
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	1,196,479	$	17,711	$	6,302	$	206,771	$	365,401	$	653	$	365,273	$	2,158,590
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,196,479		17,711		6,302		206,771		365,401		653		365,273		2,158,590
Balance at end of period	$	1,196,479	$	17,711	$	6,302	$	206,771	$	365,401	$	653	$	365,273	$	2,158,590
Loans
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	117,103	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	117,103
Collectively evaluated for impairment		84,580,946		6,878,209		1,905,255		59,445,715		44,183,871		2,824,747		—		199,818,743
Balance at end of period	$	84,580,946	$	6,878,209	$	1,905,255	$	59,562,818	$	44,183,871	$	2,824,747	$	—	$	199,935,846

	Commercial		Commercial				One-to-Four		Multi-Family
June 30, 2022	Real Estate		and Industrial		Construction		Residential		Real Estate		Consumer		Unallocated		Total
Allowance for credit losses
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,036,301	$	157,533	$	59,649	$	409,395	$	134,216	$	4,896	$	384,192	$	2,186,182
Charge-offs		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries		—		—		—		—		—		8,868		—		8,868
Provisions		555,343		(124,832)		(4,620)		(145,444)		99,155		(13,163)		(366,439)		—
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	1,591,644	$	32,701	$	55,029	$	263,951	$	233,371	$	601	$	17,753	$	2,195,050
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		1,591,644		32,701		55,029		263,951		233,371		601		17,753		2,195,050
Balance at end of period	$	1,591,644	$	32,701	$	55,029	$	263,951	$	233,371	$	601	$	17,753	$	2,195,050
Loans
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	193,385	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	193,385
Collectively evaluated for impairment		80,603,153		8,778,723		10,582,488		51,697,563		33,944,903		2,100,259		—		187,707,089
Balance at end of period	$	80,603,153	$	8,778,723	$	10,582,488	$	51,890,948	$	33,944,903	$	2,100,259	$	—	$	187,900,474

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral adequacy, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis typically includes larger, non-homogeneous loans such as commercial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on an ongoing basis as new information is obtained. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

Pass – Loans classified as pass represent loans that are evaluated and are performing under the stated terms. Pass rated assets are analyzed by the paying capacity, the current net worth, and the value of the loan collateral of the obligor.

72

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Special Mention/Watch – Loans classified as special mention/watch possess potential weaknesses that require management attention but do not yet warrant adverse classification. While the status of a loan put on this list may not technically trigger their classification as substandard or doubtful, it is considered a proactive way to identify potential issues and address them before the situation deteriorates further and does result in a loss for the Company.

Substandard – Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth, paying capacity of the obligor, or by the collateral pledged. Substandard loans must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the repayment of the debt as originally contracted. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain a loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful – Loans classified as doubtful have the weaknesses of those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. Loans in this category are allocated a specific reserve based on the estimated discounted cash flows from the loan (or collateral value less cost to sell for collateral dependent loans) or are charged-off if deemed uncollectible.

Based on the most recent analysis performed, the risk category of loans by class of loans as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, is as follows:

			Special Mention/
	Pass		Watch		Substandard		Doubtful			Total
June 30, 2023
Commercial real estate	$	84,580,946	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	84,580,946
Commercial and industrial		6,878,209		—		—		—		6,878,209
Construction		1,905,255		—		—		—		1,905,255
	$	93,364,410	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	93,364,410

			Special Mention/
	Pass		Watch		Substandard		Doubtful			Total
June 30, 2022
Commercial real estate	$	79,214,378	$	1,388,775	$	—	$	—	$	80,603,153
Commercial and industrial		8,778,723		—		—		—		8,778,723
Construction		10,582,488		—		—		—		10,582,488
	$	98,575,589	$	1,388,775	$	—	$	—	$	99,964,364

During the year ended June 30, 2023, a $1.4 million commercial real estate loan previously rated special mention/watch was paid off in full by the respective borrower.

Residential real estate and consumer loans are managed on a pool basis due to their homogeneous nature. Loans that are 90 days or more delinquent or are not accruing interest are considered nonperforming. The following table presents the

73

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

recorded investments in residential real estate and consumer loans by class based on payment activity as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

	Performing		Nonperforming			Total
June 30, 2023
One-to-four-family residential	$	59,562,818	$	—	$	59,562,818
Multi-family real estate		44,183,871		—		44,183,871
Consumer		2,824,747		—		2,824,747
	$	106,571,436	$	—	$	106,571,436

	Performing		Nonperforming			Total
June 30, 2022
One-to-four-family residential	$	51,827,163	$	63,785	$	51,890,948
Multi-family real estate		33,944,903		—		33,944,903
Consumer		2,100,259		—		2,100,259
	$	87,872,325	$	63,785	$	87,936,110

The following table summarizes the aging of the past due loans by loan class within the portfolio segments as of  June 30, 2023 and 2022 (excluding COVID-19 deferrals):

	Still Accruing
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Over 90 Days		Nonaccrual
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Balance
June 30, 2023
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial		16,487		—		—		—
Construction		—		—		—		—
One-to-four-family residential		26,986		—		—		—
Multi-family real estate		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—
Total	$	43,473	$	—	$	—	$	—

	Still Accruing
	30-59 Days		60-89 Days		Over 90 Days		Nonaccrual
	Past Due		Past Due		Past Due		Balance
June 30, 2022
Commercial real estate	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Commercial and industrial		—		—		—		—
Construction		—		—		—		—
One-to-four-family residential		70,485		—		50,818		63,785
Multi-family real estate		—		—		—		—
Consumer		—		—		—		—
Total	$	70,485	$	—	$	50,818	$	63,785

Impaired Loans

A loan is considered impaired when based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.

74

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table summarizes individually impaired loans by class of loans as of  June 30, 2023 and 2022:

			Unpaid				Average		Interest
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Balance (1)		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
June 30, 2023
With no related allowance recorded
One-to-four-family residential	$	117,103	$	117,103	$	—	$	123,307	$	6,967
	$	117,103	$	117,103	$	—	$	123,307	$	6,967

			Unpaid				Average		Interest
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Balance (1)		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
With an allowance recorded
One-to-four-family residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1) Represents the borrower's loan obligation, gross of any previously charged-off amounts.

			Unpaid				Average		Interest
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Balance (1)		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
June 30, 2022
With no related allowance recorded
One-to-four-family residential	$	193,385	$	193,385	$	—	$	199,080	$	13,428
	$	193,385	$	193,385	$	—	$	199,080	$	13,428

			Unpaid				Average		Interest
	Recorded		Principal		Related		Recorded		Income
	Investment		Balance (1)		Allowance		Investment		Recognized
With an allowance recorded
One-to-four-family residential	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1) Represents the borrower's loan obligation, gross of any previously charged-off amounts.

Impaired loans include loans modified in troubled debt restructuring (TDR) where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions intended to maximize collection.

There were no loans modified in TDR during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The Company has made no commitments to lend additional funds on restructured loans.

There were no PPP loans (loans originated under the Paycheck Protection Program) outstanding as of June 30, 2023 or 2022, respectively. The processing fees related to previously originated PPP loans were recognized as income over the life of the loan on a level-yield basis as an adjustment to interest income over the contractual life of the loan. Deferred fee income of $0 and $483,484 was recognized during the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

75

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Note 5 -     Premises and Equipment

A summary of the cost and accumulated depreciation of premises and equipment follows:

	2023		2022
Land and land improvements	$	738,829	$	731,934
Buildings		1,990,618		1,990,618
Leasehold improvements		433,395		395,995
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment		1,421,341		1,400,272
Vehicles		27,658		27,658
Right-of-use-assets		591,982		—
		5,203,823		4,546,477
Less accumulated depreciation		(3,075,431)		(2,870,417)
	$	2,128,392	$	1,676,060

Depreciation expense totaled $205,013 and $207,951 for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 6 - Leases

On July 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-02 “Leases (Topic 842)” and all subsequent ASUs that modified Topic 842. The Company elected the prospective application approach provided by ASU 2018-11 and did not adjust prior periods for ASC 842. The Company also elected certain practical expedients within the standard and consistent with such elections did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases, did not reassess the lease classification for any expired or existing leases, and did not reassess any initial direct costs for existing leases. The implementation of the new standard resulted in recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities totaling $698,837 at the date of adoption, which are related to the Company’s lease of premises and equipment used in operations.

Lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments and are presented at each reporting date as the net present value of the remaining contractual cash flows. Cash flows are discounted at the Company’s incremental borrowing rate in effect at the commencement date of the lease. Right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use the underlying asset for the lease term and are calculated as the sum of the lease liability and if applicable prepaid rent, initial direct costs and any incentives received from the lessor.

The Company’s long-term lease agreements are classified as operating leases. Certain of these leases offer the option to extend the lease term and the Company has included such extensions in its calculation of the lease liabilities to the extent the options are reasonably assured of being exercised. The lease agreements do not provide for residual value guarantees and have no restrictions or covenants that would impact dividends or require incurring additional financial obligations.

76

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following tables present information about the Company’s leases as of and for the year ended June 30, 2023:

	As of
	June 30, 2023
Right-of-use-assets	$	591,982
Lease liability		585,182
Weighted average remaining lease term		6.88 years
Weighted average discount rate		3.24%
	Year Ended
	June 30,
	2023
Operating lease costs	$	127,717
Short-term lease costs		38,280
Total lease costs	$	165,997
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of lease liabilities	$	124,090

	As of June 30,
	2023
Lease payments due
Year ending June 30, 2024	$	123,969
Year ending June 30, 2025		104,464
Year ending June 30, 2026		103,720
Year ending June 30, 2027		94,450
Year ending June 30, 2028		43,200
Thereafter		187,200
Total		657,003
Discount		71,821
Lease liability	$	585,182

During the year ended June 30, 2022, the Company leased two branch locations under long-term operating lease agreements expiring in 2027 and 2024. Rent expense, including executory costs when included in lease payments is included in occupancy expense and was $97,172 for the year ended June 30, 2022.

77

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Future minimum lease payments under the aforementioned leases as of June 30, 2022 were as follows:

Years Ending June 30, 2022
2023	$	100,126
2024		76,248
2025		58,056
2026		60,422
2027		56,375
	$	351,227

Note 7 -     Cash Surrender Value Life Insurance

The Company is the owner and the beneficiary of life insurance policies on certain directors and officers of the Company, with aggregate death benefits of approximately $17,933,000 as of June 30, 2023. The cash surrender value on the policies amounted to $8,724,198 and $9,193,315 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Note 8 -     Deposits

The scheduled maturities of certificates of deposit are as follows:

Years Ending June 30,
2024	$	54,566,183
2025		10,278,336
2026		7,708,940
2027		8,960,288
2028		1,741,702
Thereafter		599,142
	$	83,854,591

Certificates of deposit that meet or exceed $250,000 at June 30, 2023 and 2022 were $38,627,407 (including brokered deposits of $22,158,000) and $24,266,673 (including brokered deposits of $19,840,000), respectively.

Note 9 -     Borrowings

There was $8.0 million in borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (FHLB) as of June 30, 2023 compared to none at June 30, 2022 consisting of $5.0 million and $3.0 million putable advances. The $5.0 million putable advance with the maturity date of March 17, 2028 can be called quarterly until maturity at the option of the FHLB, with the next call option being September 18, 2023. The $3 million putable advance with the maturity date of April 11, 2028 can be called quarterly until maturity at the option of the FHLB, with the next call option being October 11, 2023. If any advance is terminated requiring repayment prior to stated maturity, the FHLB will offer replacement funding at the then-prevailing rate of interest for an advance product then offered by the FHLB, subject to normal FHLB credit and collateral requirements.

The Company maintains a collateral pledge agreement with the FHLB covering secured advances whereby the Company has agreed to retain, free of all other pledges, liens, and encumbrances, commercial, commercial real estate, and residential loans. The advances reprice daily at market rates. The pledged loans are discounted at a factor of 22% to 37% when aggregating the amount of loans required by the pledge agreement. The amount of eligible collateral was $95,988,835 and

78

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

$37,536,518 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There was FHLB stock of $770,273 and $323,000 pledged as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. The Bank also has $25.0 million available to borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank when pledging acceptable assets and an unsecured Federal Funds purchasing limit of $5.0 million with the Bank’s correspondent bank. There were no borrowings under these arrangements at June 30, 2023.

The Company also has a federal funds purchased borrowing arrangement with a correspondent bank for $5.0 million which reprices daily based on the Federal Funds rate.  There were no borrowings under this arrangement at June 30, 2023.

Information concerning FHLB advances is set forth below.

	June 30,
	2023			2022
Balance at end of year	$	8,000,000		$	-
Maximum outstanding at any month end	$	14,000,000		$	-
Weighted average interest rate at end of year		2.97	%		-	%
Average interest rate during year		3.15	%		-	%

.

Note 10 -     Related Party Transactions

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has granted loans to its principal officers, directors, and their affiliates. There were no such loans as of June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Deposits from related parties held by the Bank at June 30, 2023 and 2022, amounted to approximately $1,075,609 and $556,082, respectively.

79

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Note 11 -    Income Taxes

Deferred tax asset and liability consist of the following components as of June 30, 2023 and 2022:

			Restated
Deferred tax asset	2023		2022
Net operating loss	$	—	$	236,800
Allowance for loan losses		459,764		459,916
Available for sale debt securities		277,048		119,187
Lease liability		160,516		—
Equity compensation		7,559		—
Accrued expenses		45,983		38,814
Other		7,121		7,038
		957,991		861,755
Deferred tax liability
Property and equipment		60,384		67,202
Mortgage servicing rights		224,419		215,327
Right-of-use-asset		162,381		—
Deferred loan costs		23,858		352
Other		33		256
		471,075		283,137
Net deferred tax asset	$	486,916	$	578,618

The provision for income taxes charged to income for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, consist of the following:

	2023		2022
Current tax expense	$	195,171	$	74,704
Deferred tax expense		249,564		362,678
	$	444,735	$	437,382

In accordance with ASC Topic 740, the Company evaluates on a quarterly basis, all evidence, both positive and negative, to determine whether, based on the weight of that evidence, a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is needed. In conducting this evaluation, management explores all possible sources of taxable income available under existing tax laws to realize the deferred tax asset beginning with the most objectively verifiable evidence first, including available carry back claims and viable tax planning strategies. If needed, management will look to future taxable income as a potential source. Management reviews the Company’s current financial position and its results of operations for the current and preceding years. That historical information is supplemented by all currently available information about future years. The Company understands that projections about future performance are subjective. The Company concluded no valuation allowance was necessary as of June 30, 2023 or 2022.

80

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

A summary of income taxes compared to the federal income tax statutory rate is set forth below.

	2023		2022
At Federal statutory rate at 21%	$	444,529	$	372,150
Adjustments resulting from:
Tax exempt interest		(5,365)		(8,579)
Earnings and gain on bank owned life insurance		(104,520)		(47,162)
State tax, net of federal benefit		112,009		107,169
Equity compensation		5,664
Other		(7,582)		13,804
Income tax expense	$	444,735	$	437,382

Note 12 -    Employee Benefit Plans

The Company provides a 401(k) salary deferral plan to substantially all employees. Employees are allowed to make voluntary contributions to the plan up to 15% of their compensation. In addition, the Company provides discretionary matching and profit-sharing contributions as well as a safe harbor contribution. Profit sharing expense charged to operations was $69,794 and $65,516 for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Effective upon the completion of the Company’s initial public stock offering in April 2021, the Company established an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) for all eligible employees. The ESOP used $873,970 in proceeds from a term loan obtained from the Company to purchase 87,397 shares of common stock in the initial public offering at a price of $10.00 per share. The ESOP loan will be repaid principally from the Company’s contribution to the ESOP in annual payments through 2045 at a fixed interest rate per annum at 3.25%. Shares are released to participants on a straight-line basis over the loan term and allocated based on participant compensation. The Company recognizes compensation benefit expense as shares are committed for release at their current market price. The difference between the market price and the cost of shares committed to be released is recorded as an adjustment to additional paid-in capital. Dividends on allocated shares, if applicable, are recorded as a reduction of retained earnings and dividends on unallocated shares are recorded as a reduction of debt. The Company recognized $40,127 (upon the release of 3,496 shares) and $48,349 (upon the release of 4,497 shares) of compensation expense related to this plan for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. At June 30, 2023, there were 78,657 shares not yet released having an aggregate market value of approximately $738,589. Participants will become fully vested upon completion of three years of credited service. Eligible employees who were employed with the Company shall receive credit for vesting purposes for each year of continuous employment prior to adoption of the ESOP.

Note 13 -    Self-Funded Health Insurance

The Company has established an employee medical benefit plan to self-insure claims up to $30,000 per plan year for each individual and with a stop-loss per plan year for participants in the aggregate of approximately $1,000,000. The Company and its covered employees contribute to the fund to pay the claims and stop-loss premiums. Medical benefit plan costs are expensed as incurred. Health insurance expense recorded for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $599,119 and $447,827, respectively. The liability recognized for claims incurred but not yet paid was $56,956 and $41,954 as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Management believes the recorded liability for health care costs is sufficient to cover estimated claims, including claims incurred but not yet reported.

81

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Note 14 - Stock-Based Compensation

 On May 24, 2022, the stockholders of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. approved the Company’s 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which provides for the grant of stock-based awards to officers, employees and directors of the Company and Marathon Bank. Under provisions of the Plan, while active, awards may consist of grants of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units.  Incentive stock options totaling 109,245 and restricted stock awards totaling 43,698 were authorized for award under the Plan.

Stock Options

On June 28, 2022, a total of 73,194 stock option awards were granted to the Bank’s directors, executive officers, senior officers and other officers (18,572 and 54,622 options were awarded to directors and employees, respectively). Director awards are considered non-qualified stock options while employee awards are considered incentive stock options. During the year ended June 30, 2023, a director and employee retired resulting in the forfeiture of 7,647 options.  The awards vest ratably over five years (20% per year for each year of the participant’s service with the Company) and will expire ten years from the date of the grant, or June 2032.  The fair value of each option grant was established at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model used the following weighted average assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 3.27%; volatility factors of the expected market price of the Company's common stock of 20.76%; weighted average expected lives of the options of 6.5 years; cash dividend yield of 0%. Based upon these assumptions, the weighted average fair value of options granted was $3.33.  

On May 16, 2023, a total of 39,330 stock option awards were granted to the Bank’s directors, executive officers, senior officers and other officers (4,368 and 34,962 options were awarded to directors and employees, respectively). The fair value of each option grant was established at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model used the following weighted average assumptions: risk-free interest rate of 3.53%; volatility factors of the expected market price of the Company's common stock of 20.71%; weighted average expected lives of the options of 6.5 years; cash dividend yield of 0%. Based upon these assumptions, the weighted average fair value of options granted was $2.72.

Stock option expense amortized to expense for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $46,328 and $0, respectively. At June 30, 2023, total unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options was $278,029, and will be amortized to expense over a period of 4.5 years. As of June 30, 2023, there were 4,368 stock option awards available for future awards under this plan.

The aggregate intrinsic value of a stock option represents the total pre-tax intrinsic value (the amount by which the current market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the option) that would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options prior to the expiration date.  The intrinsic value can change based on fluctuations in the market value of the Company’s stock.  

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Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

A summary of stock option activity and related information for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was as follows.

				Weighted-Average
				Remaining
			Weighted-Average	Contractual Life		Aggregate Intrinsic
	Options		Exercise Price	(in years)		Value
Outstanding, July 1, 2021	-		-	-			-
Granted, June 28, 2022	73,194	$	11.16	10.00	$		-
Outstanding, June 30, 2022	73,194		11.16	10.00			-
Granted, May 16, 2023	39,330		8.90	10.00			-
Exercised	-		-	-			-
Forfeited	(7,647)		11.16	10.00			-
Outstanding, June 30, 2023	104,877	$	10.31	9.33	$		19,272
Exercisable, June 30, 2023	13,109	$	11.16	9.00	$		-

Restricted Stock 

On June 28, 2022, a total of 40,203 restricted stock awards were granted to the Bank’s directors, executive officers, senior officers and other officers under the Plan (9,614 and 30,589 shares were granted to directors and employees, respectively). On May 16, 2023, a total of 6,261 restricted stock awards were granted to the Bank’s directors, executive officers, senior officers and other officers under the Plan (1,311 and 4,950 shares were granted to directors and employees, respectively). During the year ended June 30, 2023, a director and employee retired resulting in the forfeiture of 3,059 restricted stock awards.  The restricted stock awards vest ratably over five years (20% per year for each year of the participant’s service with the Company).  Restricted stock expense was $84,300 and $0 for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At June 30, 2023, future compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock outstanding was $385,487 which will be amortized over a remaining period of 4.5 years. As of June 30, 2023, there were 293 shares of restricted stock available for issuance.

A summary of restricted stock activity and related information for the year ended June 30, 2023, is as follows:

83

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

			Weighted-Average
	Number of		Grant Date
	Shares		Fair Value
Non-vested, July 1, 2022	-			-
Granted, June 28, 2022	40,203	$		11.16
Outstanding, June 30, 2022	40,203			11.16
Granted, May 16, 2023	6,261			8.90
Exercised	(7,424)			11.16
Forfeited	(3,059)			11.16
Outstanding, June 30, 2023	35,981	$		10.77

Note 15 -     Other Comprehensive Loss

The changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, follows:

	Unrealized
	Gains and		Unrealized
	Losses on		Losses on
	Available		Held to
	for Sale Debt		Maturity Debt
	Securities		Securities		Total
June 30, 2023
Balance, beginning of period	$	(318,344)	$	(50,685)	$	(369,029)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (net of tax)		(404,176)		—		(404,176)
Amortization of amounts transferred from debt securities available for sale to securities held to maturity (a)		—		5,810		5,810
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax) (b)		(17,462)		—		(17,462)
Balance, end of period	$	(739,982)	$	(44,875)	$	(784,857)

(a) The reclassification adjustment is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Interest Income - Debt Securities.

(b) The reclassification adjustment is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Net Gains on Securities Transactions ($24,000) and Provision for Income Taxes of ($6,538).

84

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

	Unrealized
	Gains and		Unrealized
	Losses on		Losses on
	Available		Held to
	for Sale Debt		Maturity Debt
	Securities		Securities		Total
June 30, 2022
Balance, beginning of period	$	188,558	$	(67,891)	$	120,667
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications (net of tax)		(496,717)		—		(496,717)
Amortization of amounts transferred from debt securities available for sale to securities held to maturity (a)		—		17,206		17,206
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax (b)		(10,185)		—		(10,185)
Balance, end of period	$	(318,344)	$	(50,685)	$	(369,029)

(a) The reclassification adjustment is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Interest Income - Debt Securities.

(b) The reclassification adjustment is reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Income as Net Gains on Securities Transactions ($14,000) and Provision for Income Taxes of ($3,815).

Note 16 -     Minimum Regulatory Capital Requirements

Bank regulatory authorities in the United States issue risk-based capital standards. These capital standards relate a banking company’s capital to the risk profile of its assets and provide the basis by which all banking companies and banks are evaluated in terms of capital adequacy.

The risk-based capital standards require financial institutions to maintain: (a) a minimum ratio of common equity tier 1 (“CET1”) to risk weighted assets of at least 4.5%, (b) a minimum ratio of tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets of at least minimum leverage ratio of 3.0%, calculated as the ratio of tier 1 capital balance sheet exposures plus certain off-balance sheet exposures (computed as the average for each quarter of the month-end ratios for the quarter). In addition, the rules also limit a banking organization’s capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments if the banking organization does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above the minimum standards stated in (a) - (c) above.

In September 2019, the FDIC finalized a rule to simplify the capital calculation for qualifying community banking organizations (i.e., the community bank leverage ratio (“CBLR”)), as required by the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief and Consumer Protection Act. The CBLR framework is designed to reduce burden by removing the requirements for calculating and reporting risk-based capital ratios for qualifying community banking organizations that opt into the framework. A qualifying community bank may elect to utilize the CBLR in lieu of the general capital requirements and will be considered well capitalized if it exceeds the minimum CBLR of 9.0%.  The CBLR framework  also provides a two-quarter grace period for qualifying banks whose leverage ratio falls no more than 1.00% below the required ratio for that reporting quarter. The Bank opted into the CBLR framework as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022.

As of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, management believes the Bank has met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject. As of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, the most recent notification from the FDIC categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. There are no conditions or events since the notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

85

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table (dollars in thousands):

										Minimum To Be Well
										Capitalized Under
					Minimum Capital					Prompt Corrective
	Actual				Requirements					Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount			Ratio		Amount			Ratio
June 30, 2023		(Dollars in thousands)
Tier I Capital to Average Assets	$	29,030	12.02	%	$	19,321	>	8.0	%	$	21,736	>	9.0	%

										Minimum To Be Well
										Capitalized Under
					Minimum Capital					Prompt Corrective
	Actual				Requirements					Action Provisions
	Amount		Ratio		Amount			Ratio		Amount			Ratio
June 30, 2022		(Dollars in thousands)
Tier I Capital to Average Assets	$	27,152	12.17	%	$	17,848	>	8.0	%	$	20,080	>	9.0	%

A Wisconsin state-chartered savings bank is required by state law to maintain minimum net worth in an amount equal to at least 6.0% of its total assets. At June 30, 2023, the Bank’s net worth was $28,246,139 and general loan loss reserve was $2,158,590, totaling 12.67% of total assets, which meets the state of Wisconsin’s minimum net worth requirements. At June 30, 2022, the Bank’s net worth was $26,783,484 and general loan loss reserve was $2,195,050 totaling 13.17% of total assets, which meets the state of Wisconsin’s minimum net worth net worth requirements.

Note 17 -    Off-Balance-Sheet Activities

The Company is a party to credit-related financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the balance sheet. The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

At June 30, 2023 and 2022, the following financial instruments were outstanding where contract amounts represent credit risk:

	June 30, 2023		June 30, 2022
Commitments to grant loans	$	407,904	$	4,025,000
Unused commitments under lines of credit		4,718,652		6,707,000
MPF credit enhancements		625,701		838,277

Commitments to grant loans are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. The commitments for equity lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Of the outstanding commitments to grant loans at June 30, 2023, 100% were at fixed interest rates and 0% were at variable interest rates. Of the outstanding commitments to grant loans at June 30, 2022, 81% were at fixed interest rates and 19% were at variable interest rates.

Mortgage Partnership Finance (MPF) credit enhancements allow the Company to share the credit risk associated with home mortgage finance with Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). MPF provides the Company the ability to originate, sell,

86

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

and service fixed-rate, residential mortgage loans, and receive a Credit Enhancement Fee based on the performance of the loans. FHLB manages the liquidity, interest rate, and prepayment risks of the loans while the Company manages the credit risk of the loans. The Company will incur an obligation on a foreclosure loss only after a foreclosure loss exceeds the borrower’s equity, any private mortgage insurance, and the funded first loss account. Based on the delinquency results for states where properties are located and the Company’s historical loss experience, the estimated foreclosure losses are immaterial.

The Company, from time to time, may be a defendant in legal proceedings relating to the conduct of its banking business. Most of such legal proceedings are a normal part of the banking business and, in management’s opinion, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company would not be materially affected by the outcome of such legal proceedings.

Note 18 -    Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities

The Company uses fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and to determine fair value disclosures. The fair value of a financial instrument is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various financial instruments. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair values are based on estimates using present value or other valuation techniques. These techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimate of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the instrument.

Fair value accounting guidance provides a consistent definition of fair value, which focuses on exit price in an orderly transaction (that is, not a forced liquidation or distressed sale) between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. If there has been a significant decrease in the volume and level of activity for the asset, a change in valuation technique or the use of multiple valuation techniques may be appropriate. In such instances, determining the price at which willing market participants would transact at the measurement date under current market conditions depends on the facts and circumstances and requires the use of significant judgment. The fair value is a reasonable point within the range that is most representative of fair value under current market conditions.

In accordance with this guidance, the Company groups its financial assets and liabilities generally measured at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value.

Level 1 – Valuation is based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 1 assets and liabilities generally include debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Valuation is based on inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. The valuation may be based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 – Valuation is based on unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities may include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.

87

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

A financial instrument’s categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The following table sets forth assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at June 30, 2023 and 2022:

			Quoted Prices in		Other Observable		Unobservable
			Active Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
June 30, 2023
Available for sale debt securities
States and municipalities	$	888,072	$	—	$	888,072	$	—
Mortgage-backed		1,847,014		—		1,847,014		—
Corporate bonds		6,186,629		—		4,606,629		1,580,000
Total assets	$	8,921,715	$	—	$	7,341,715	$	1,580,000

			Quoted Prices in		Other Observable		Unobservable
			Active Markets		Inputs		Inputs
	Total		(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
June 30, 2022
Available for sale debt securities
States and municipalities	$	1,067,906	$	—	$	1,067,906	$	—
Mortgage-backed		2,739,054		—		2,739,054		—
Corporate bonds		6,810,278		—		4,910,278		1,900,000
Total assets	$	10,617,238	$	—	$	8,717,238	$	1,900,000

For those available for sale debt securities where quoted prices are unavailable, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities and, therefore, are classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy.

Under certain circumstances the Company may make adjustments to fair value for assets and liabilities although they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. The Company had Level 3 financial assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recurring basis, which are summarized below:

Non-Recurring

	June 30,		June 30,		Valuation	Unobservable	Range
	2023		2022		Technique	Input	(Weighted Avg.)
Foreclosed assets (OREO)	$	2,312,240	$	—	Collateral valuation	Discount from market value	10% - 75%

Recurring

The following table represents changes in the Company’s available for sale debt securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using unobservable inputs (Level 3). The Company had one investment security measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) at June 30, 2023 and 2022. This security was purchased during the three months ended September 30, 2021 and was reclassified to Level 3 during the three months

88

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

ended December 31, 2021 because of the lack of observable market data for this investment. The investment is valued on a quarterly basis by a third-party valuation expert. The Level 3 valuation is based on the 5/30 swap curve, floated at 1%, which is considered a significant unobservable input.

Balance at July 1, 2021	$	—
Transfer of security from Level 2 to Level 3 (December 2021)		2,000,000
Balance at December 31, 2021		2,000,000
Unrealized (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(100,000)
Balance at March 31, 2022		1,900,000
Balance at June 30, 2022		1,900,000
Unrealized (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(60,000)
Balance at September 30, 2022		1,840,000
Unrealized (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(240,000)
Balance at December 31, 2022		1,600,000
Unrealized gains included in other comprehensive income (loss)		20,000
Balance at March 31, 2023		1,620,000
Unrealized (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss)		(40,000)
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	1,580,000

Financial Disclosures about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting guidance requires disclosures of the estimated fair value of certain financial instruments and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate their fair values. Certain financial instruments and all non-financial instruments are excluded from the scope of the guidance.

89

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

The estimated fair values of financial instruments are as follows:

	June 30, 2023				June 30, 2022
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Financial Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	2,272,088	$	2,272,088	$	2,418,041	$	2,418,041
Federal funds sold		9,503,000		9,503,000		6,010,000		6,010,000
Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions		3,762,139		3,762,139		1,945,073		1,945,073
Available for sale debt securities		8,921,715		8,921,715		10,617,238		10,617,238
Held to maturity debt securities		516,089		378,046		532,363		419,000
Loans, net		197,713,756		177,582,000		185,629,872		178,080,000
Investment in restricted stock		770,273		770,273		323,000		323,000
Accrued interest receivable		612,724		612,724		565,929		565,929
Financial Liabilities
Deposits	$	197,254,306	$	179,325,000	$	188,100,448	$	172,922,000
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances		8,000,000		8,000,000		—		—
Accrued interest payable		74,580		74,580		31,071		31,071

The methods and assumptions that were used to estimate the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring and non-recurring basis have been previously disclosed. A description of the valuation methodologies used for instruments measured at fair value, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy, is set forth below:

Cash and due from banks – Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amount of cash and due from banks approximates fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Federal funds sold – Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amount of federal funds sold approximates the fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions – Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amount of interest- bearing deposits in other financial institutions approximates fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Available for sale securities – For those available for sale debt securities where quoted prices are unavailable, fair values are calculated based on market prices of similar securities and, therefore, are classified as Level 2 within the valuation hierarchy. For those available for sale debt securities where market prices of similar securities are not available because of the lack of observable market data, they are valued on a quarterly basis by a third party valuation expert and, therefore, are classified as Level 3 within the valuation hierarchy.

Held to maturity debt securities – The fair value is estimated using quoted market prices or by pricing models and is categorized as level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Loans – The fair value of variable rate loans that reprice frequently are based on carrying values. The fair value of other loans is estimated by discounting future cash flows using current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and is categorized in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Loans held for sale – Fair value is based on commitments on hand from investors or prevailing market prices and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Loans held for sale are included in loans, net above.

90

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Investments in restricted stock – No secondary market exists for FHLB stock. The stock is bought and sold at par by the FHLB and management believes the carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued interest receivable – Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deposits – Fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as demand deposits, savings, and money market accounts, by definition, is the amount payable on demand on the reporting date. Fair value of fixed rate time deposits is estimated using discounted cash flows applying interest rates currently offered on similar time deposits. Deposits are categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) advances – The carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Accrued interest payable – Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amount approximates fair value and is categorized in level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

The estimated fair value of fee income on letters of credit at June 30, 2023 and 2022 is insignificant. Loan commitments on which the committed interest rate is less than the current market rate are also insignificant at June 30, 2023 and 2022.

Note 19 -    Parent Company Only Financial Information

The following condensed financial statements summarize the financial position and results of operations and cash flows of the parent holding company, Marathon Bancorp, Inc., as of June 30, 2023 and 2022 and for the years then ended.

Parent Only Condensed Balance Sheets
	June 30,
		Restated
	2023	2022
Assets
Cash in bank subsidiary	$ 3,374,104	$ 3,374,104
Investment in subsidiary, at underlying equity	28,727,937	27,265,282
Loan receivable-ESOP	819,411	843,145
Other assets	40,827	29,463
Total Assets	$ 32,962,279	$ 31,511,994
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Liabilities:
Due to subsidiary bank	$ 1,679,109	$ 283,896
Other liabilities	3,652	3,733
Total liabilities	1,682,761	287,629
Stockholders' equity:
Total stockholders' equity	31,279,518	31,224,365
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 32,962,279	$ 31,511,994

91

Marathon Bancorp, Inc.

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

June 30, 2023 and 2022

Parent Only Condensed Statements of Income
	Years Ended June 30,
	2023	2022
Interest income:
Income on ESOP loan	$ 27,017	$ 28,090
Total interest income	27,017	28,090
Non-interest expenses:
Other non-interest expense	(80,020)	(88,110)
Total non-interest expense	(80,020)	(88,110)
Loss before income tax benefit	(53,003)	(60,020)
Income tax benefit	(17,345)	(12,031)
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of bank	(35,658)	(47,989)
Equity in undistributed earnings of bank	1,707,728	1,382,752
Net income	$ 1,672,070	$ 1,334,763

Parent Only Condensed Statements of Cash Flows
	Years Ended June 30,
	2023	2022
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$ 1,672,070	$ 1,334,763
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:
Equity in undistributed income of bank	(1,707,728)	(1,382,752)
Increase in other assets	(11,364)	(23,542)
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities	(81)	3,732
Net cash used in operating activities	(47,103)	(67,799)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Principal payments on loan receivable-ESOP	23,734	30,825
Net cash provided by investing activities	23,734	30,825
Cash flows from financing activities:
Purchase and retirement of treasury stock	(1,371,844)	-
Loan from subsidiary bank	1,395,213	36,974
Net cash provided by financing activities	23,369	36,974
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	-	-
Cash and cash equivalents-beginning of year	3,374,104	3,374,104
Cash and cash equivalents-end of year	$ 3,374,104	$ 3,374,104

92

ITEM 9: CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure controls and procedures are the controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must necessarily reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgement in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer , the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act as of June 30, 2023.

We identified a material weakness in our controls over accounting that occurred beginning in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2021 through the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2023 relating to special provisions in the tax laws regarding a Bank’s allowable tax bad debt deductions and related tax bad debt reserves as described below. Based upon that discovery, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at a level that provides reasonable assurance as of the last day of the period covered by this report.

The material weakness in internal control over financial reporting resulted from the lack of controls which allowed for the Company to erroneously maintain a deferred tax liability, which it will not be required to recapture as management does not intend to redeem stock, make distributions or take other actions that would result in the recapture of this reserve. The Company erroneously applied the Section 585 reserve method, whereby it was allowed to, in 1996, change to the specific charge-off method (with no reserve) and recapture the thrift reserves in their entirety if it switched from a thrift charter to a commercial charter prior to 1996. This material weakness resulted in the correction of the material errors and restatement of prior financial statements as disclosed in Note 1 to the consolidated audited financial statements. Management has identified effective control plans for the remediation of the material weakness which has been implemented in fiscal year 2024.

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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting.

Management evaluates the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting and tests for reliability of recorded financial information through a program of ongoing internal audits. Any system of internal control, no matter how well designed, has inherent limitations, including the possibility that a control can be circumvented or overridden and misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Also, because of changes in conditions, internal control effectiveness may vary over time. Accordingly, even an effective system of internal control will provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Management assessed the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 30, 2023, as required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting described in the “2013 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.”

Management identified a material weakness in internal controls relating to special provisions in the tax laws regarding a Bank’s allowable tax bad debt deductions and related tax bad debt reserves. This material weakness had a material effect on our reported financial condition or results of operations as of and for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 and resulted in the restatement of our 2022 audited financial statements. We have implemented remedial changes to improve our internal controls over financial reporting.

In order to remediate the material weakness in internal controls, the Company refined its process of reviewing its quarterly income tax provision including a review of all current and previous income tax laws impacting the Company including the preparation of a detailed checklist governing income taxes for financial institutions.

This Annual Report does not include an attestation report of the independent registered public accounting firm because Marathon Bancorp, Inc. is an emerging growth company.

Other than the remediation described above, there has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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ITEM 9B: OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 9C: DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10: DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

(a) Information concerning the directors of the Company is incorporated herein by reference to Proposal 1 of the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

(b) Information concerning the officers and directors compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports”.

(c) Information concerning the Company’s Code of Ethics is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption “Code of Ethics”.

(d) Information concerning the Company’s Audit Committee and “financial expert” thereof is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption “Audit Committee”.

(e) Set forth below is information concerning the Executive Officers of the Company at June 30, 2023.

Name	Age	Positions Held With the Company
Nicholas W. Zillges	47	President and Chief Executive Officer
Nora Spatz	67	Executive Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer
Michelle Knopf	53	Executive Vice President/Director of Mortgage Services
Joy Selting-Buchberger	55	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Terry Cornish	55	Senior Vice President and Chief Credit Officer

ITEM 11: EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

(a)Information with respect to management compensation and transactions required under this item is incorporated by reference hereunder in the Company’s Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption "Compensation Committee".

(b) Information concerning director compensation is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption “Directors Compensation”.

ITEM 12: SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference hereunder in the Company’s Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption "Voting Securities and Principal Holders Thereof."

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Securities Authorized for Issuance under Stock-Based Compensation Plans

The following table presents certain information regarding our Equity Compensation Plan in effect as of June 30, 2023.

	Number of securities to be issued		Number of securities remaining
	upon exercise of outstanding options	Weighted average	available for issuance under
Plan	and rights	exercise price	the plan
Equity compensation plans approved
by stockholders	104,877	$10.31	4,368
Equity compensation plans not approved
by stockholders	-	-	-
Total	104,877	$10.31	4,368

ITEM 13: CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference hereunder in the Company’s Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the captions “Independence of Directors” and "Transactions with Certain Related Persons”.

ITEM 14: PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference hereunder in the Company’s Proxy Materials for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders under the caption "Audit and Related Fees".

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PART IV

ITEM 15: EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1)	Financial Statements-The Company’s consolidated financial statements, for the years ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, together with the Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm are filed as part of this Form 10-K report. See “Item 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”
(a)(2)	Financial Statement Schedules- All financial statement schedules have been omitted as the required information is inapplicable or has been included in “Item 7: Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
3.1	Articles of Incorporation of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-251314), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2020)
3.2	Bylaws of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-251314), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2020)
4.1	Form of Common Stock Certificate of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 333-251314), initially filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2020)
4.2	Description of Securities of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Marathon Bancorp, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 28, 2021.
10.1	Employment Agreement between Marathon Bank and Nicholas W. Zillges, dated April 14, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 000-56269), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19, 2021) †
10.2	Change in Control Agreement between Marathon Bank and Nora Spatz, dated April 14, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 000-56269), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19, 2021) †
10.3	Change in Control Agreement between Marathon Bank and Michelle Knopf, dated April 14, 2022 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K of Marathon Bancorp, Inc. (File No. 000-56269), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 19, 2021) †
10.4	2022 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Proxy Statement for the Special Meeting of Stockholders filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2022 (file No. 000-56269)) †
10.5	Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (file No. 333-265879) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2022) †
10.6	Form of Incentive Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (file No. 333-265879) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2022) †
10.7	Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Award Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 (file No. 333-265879) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 28, 2022) †
10.8	Change in Control Agreement between Marathon Bank and Joy C. Selting-Buchberger, dated April 14, 2021†
21	Subsidiaries of Registrant

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23	Consent of Bonadio & Co., LLP
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101	The following materials from Marathon Bancorp, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

†Management contract or compensation plan or arrangement.

ITEM 16: FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

			Marathon Bancorp, Inc.
Date:	September 20, 2023	By:	/s/ Nicholas W. Zillges
			Nicholas W. Zillges
			President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signatures	Title	Date
/s/ Nicholas W.Zillges	President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)	September 20, 2023
Nicholas W.Zillges
/s/ Joy C. Selting-Buchberger	Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)	September 20, 2023
Joy C. Selting-Buchberger
/s/ Amy Zientara	Chairwoman	September 20, 2023
Amy Zientara
/s/ Thomas Grimm	Director	September 20, 2023
Thomas Grimm
/s/ Timothy R. Wimmer	Director	September 20, 2023
Timothy R. Wimmer
/s/ Ann M. Werth	Director	September 20, 2023
Ann M. Werth

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