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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2020
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses Note 4 - Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
Aging and Non-Accrual Analysis
The following tables provide a summary of current, accruing past due, and non-accrual loans by portfolio class as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
September 30, 2020
(in thousands)Current
Accruing 30-89 Days Past Due
Accruing 90 Days or Greater Past Due Total Accruing Past Due Non-accrual with an ALL Non-accrual without an ALL Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural$13,009,877 $13,967 $829 $14,796 $67,415 $27,950 $13,120,038 
Owner-occupied6,869,346 4,131 375 4,506 10,623 9,638 6,894,113 
Total commercial and industrial19,879,223 18,098 1,204 19,302 78,038 37,588 20,014,151 
Investment properties9,628,029 5,620 538 6,158 28,260  9,662,447 
1-4 family properties649,225 2,092 350 2,442 2,135 1,236 655,038 
Land and development645,148 583 268 851 2,126 265 648,390 
Total commercial real estate10,922,402 8,295 1,156 9,451 32,521 1,501 10,965,875 
Consumer mortgages5,643,745 6,475 872 7,347 7,433  5,658,525 
Home equity lines1,601,705 3,176 29 3,205 10,297  1,615,207 
Credit cards259,262 1,894 3,673 5,567   264,829 
Other consumer loans1,116,334 11,866 578 12,444 1,459  1,130,237 
Total consumer8,621,046 23,411 5,152 28,563 19,189  8,668,798 
Total loans$39,422,671 $49,804 $7,512 $57,316 $129,748 $39,089 $39,648,824 (1)

December 31, 2019
(in thousands)CurrentAccruing 30-89 Days Past DueAccruing 90 Days or Greater Past DueTotal Accruing Past DueNon-accrual
ASC 310-30 Loans(2)
Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural$9,124,285 $38,916 $1,206 $40,122 $56,017 $1,019,135 $10,239,559 
Owner-occupied5,691,095 5,164 576 5,740 9,780 823,196 6,529,811 
Total commercial and industrial14,815,380 44,080 1,782 45,862 65,797 1,842,331 16,769,370 
Investment properties7,264,794 1,344 — 1,344 1,581 1,736,608 9,004,327 
1-4 family properties733,984 2,073 304 2,377 2,253 41,401 780,015 
Land and development629,363 808 — 808 1,110 78,161 709,442 
Total commercial real estate8,628,141 4,225 304 4,529 4,944 1,856,170 10,493,784 
Consumer mortgages3,681,553 4,223 730 4,953 11,369 1,848,493 5,546,368 
Home equity lines1,691,759 7,038 171 7,209 12,034 2,155 1,713,157 
Credit cards263,065 3,076 2,700 5,776 — — 268,841 
Other consumer loans2,363,101 18,688 616 19,304 5,704 8,185 2,396,294 
Total consumer7,999,478 33,025 4,217 37,242 29,107 1,858,833 9,924,660 
Total loans$31,442,999 $81,330 $6,303 $87,633 $99,848 $5,557,334 $37,187,814 (3)
(1)    Total before net deferred fees and costs of $99.0 million.
(2)    Represents loans (at fair value) acquired from FCB accounted for under ASC 310-30, net of discount of $90.3 million and payments since Acquisition Date and also include $1.8 million in non-accrual loans, $9.6 million in accruing 90 days or greater past due loans, and $26.5 million in 30-89 days past due loans.
(3)    Total before net deferred fees and costs of $25.4 million.
Interest income on non-accrual loans outstanding that would have been recorded if the loans had been current and performing in accordance with their original terms was $4.3 million and $2.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $9.2 million and $8.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019,
respectively. Of the interest income recognized during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, cash-basis interest income was $1.3 million and $363 thousand, respectively. Cash-basis interest income was $2.7 million and $2.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
Pledged Loans
Loans with carrying values of $15.29 billion and $12.11 billion, respectively, were pledged as collateral for borrowings and capacity at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, to the FHLB and Federal Reserve Bank.
Portfolio Segment Risk Factors
The risk characteristics and collateral information of each portfolio segment are as follows:
Commercial and Industrial Loans - The C&I loan portfolio is comprised of general middle market and commercial banking clients across a diverse set of industries. In accordance with Synovus' lending policy, each loan undergoes a detailed underwriting process which incorporates uniform underwriting standards and oversight in proportion to the size and complexity of the lending relationship. These loans are secured by collateral such as business equipment, inventory, and real estate. Whether for real estate or non-real estate purpose, credit decisions on loans in the C&I portfolio are based on cash flow from the operations of the business as the primary source of repayment of the debt, with underlying real estate or other collateral being the secondary source of repayment. PPP loans, which are categorized as C&I loans, were $2.71 billion net of unearned fees at September 30, 2020 and are guaranteed by the SBA.
Commercial Real Estate Loans - CRE loans primarily consist of income-producing investment properties loans. Additionally, CRE loans include 1-4 family properties loans as well as land and development loans. Investment properties loans consist of construction and mortgage loans for income-producing properties and are primarily made to finance multi-family properties, hotels, office buildings, shopping centers, warehouses and other commercial development properties. 1-4 family properties loans include construction loans to homebuilders and commercial mortgage loans related to 1-4 family rental properties and are almost always secured by the underlying property being financed by such loans. These properties are primarily located in the markets served by Synovus. Land and development loans include commercial and residential development as well as land acquisition loans and are secured by land held for future development, typically in excess of one year. Properties securing these loans are substantially within markets served by Synovus, and loan terms generally include personal guarantees from the principals. Loans in this portfolio are underwritten based on the LTV of the collateral and the capacity of the guarantor(s).
Consumer Loans - The consumer loan portfolio consists of a wide variety of loan products offered through Synovus' banking network including first and second residential mortgages, HELOCs, and credit card loans, as well as home improvement loans, student, and personal loans from third-party lending partnerships. The majority of Synovus' consumer loans are consumer mortgages and HELOCs secured by first and second liens on residential real estate primarily located in the markets served by Synovus. The primary source of repayment for all consumer loans is generally the personal income of the borrower(s).
Credit Quality Indicators
The credit quality of the loan portfolio is reviewed and updated no less frequently than quarterly using the standard asset classification system utilized by the federal banking agencies. These classifications are divided into three groups: Not Criticized (Pass), Special Mention, and Classified or Adverse rating (Substandard, Doubtful, and Loss) and are defined as follows:
Pass - loans which are well protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor (or guarantors, if any) or by the fair value, less cost to acquire and sell in a timely manner, of any underlying collateral.
Special Mention - loans which have potential weaknesses that deserve management's close attention. These loans are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant an adverse classification.
Substandard - loans which are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or by the collateral pledged, if any. Loans with this classification are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful - loans which have all the weaknesses inherent in loans classified as Substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable on the basis of currently known facts, conditions, and values.
Loss - loans which are considered by management to be uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance on the institution's books as an asset, without establishment of a specific valuation allowance or charge-off, is not warranted. Synovus fully reserves for any loans rated as Loss.
In the following tables, consumer loans are generally assigned a risk grade similar to the classifications described above; however, upon reaching 90 days and 120 days past due, they are generally downgraded to Substandard and Loss, respectively, in accordance with the FFIEC Retail Credit Classification Policy. Additionally, in accordance with Interagency Supervisory
Guidance, the risk grade classifications of consumer loans (consumer mortgages and HELOCs) secured by junior liens on 1-4 family residential properties also consider available information on the payment status of any associated senior liens with other financial institutions.
The following table summarizes each loan portfolio class by risk grade and origination year as of September 30, 2020 as required under CECL.
September 30, 2020
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans
(in thousands)20202019201820172016PriorAmortized Cost BasisConverted to Term LoansTotal
Commercial, financial and agricultural
Pass$4,056,896 $1,429,402 $974,892 $667,989 $566,178 $815,006 $4,049,741 $60,299 $12,620,403 
Special Mention49,283 39,929 21,599 33,376 8,404 7,986 63,455 506 224,538 
Substandard(1)
27,247 12,646 14,879 36,007 12,373 40,342 102,364 516 246,374 
Doubtful(2)
 3,721 19,778 186 915 91 4,032  28,723 
Total commercial, financial and agricultural4,133,426 1,485,698 1,031,148 737,558 587,870 863,425 4,219,592 61,321 13,120,038 
Owner-occupied
Pass953,513 1,189,845 1,212,541 1,032,744 643,841 1,338,513 328,656  6,699,653 
Special Mention3,029 19,004 18,746 11,767 3,604 7,278   63,428 
Substandard(1)
1,788 14,686 36,319 29,794 6,521 32,286   121,394 
Doubtful(2)
  9,638      9,638 
Total owner-occupied958,330 1,223,535 1,277,244 1,074,305 653,966 1,378,077 328,656  6,894,113 
Total commercial and industrial5,091,756 2,709,233 2,308,392 1,811,863 1,241,836 2,241,502 4,548,248 61,321 20,014,151 
Investment properties
Pass784,989 2,241,547 2,193,526 1,376,648 606,029 1,404,524 239,503  8,846,766 
Special Mention1,222 66,438 147,928 141,036 166,053 129,887 30,206  682,770 
Substandard(1)
812 2,655 24,965 14,927 821 88,693 38  132,911 
Total investment properties787,023 2,310,640 2,366,419 1,532,611 772,903 1,623,104 269,747  9,662,447 
1-4 family properties
Pass139,919 125,473 80,610 94,889 49,122 100,984 49,594  640,591 
Special Mention419  524 111 800 120   1,974 
Substandard(1)
1,514 1,517 3,837 1,038 489 2,560 1,518  12,473 
Total 1-4 family properties141,852 126,990 84,971 96,038 50,411 103,664 51,112  655,038 
September 30, 2020
Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination YearRevolving Loans
(in thousands)20202019201820172016PriorAmortized Cost BasisConverted to Term LoansTotal
Land and development
Pass$56,935 $204,012 $91,630 $106,490 $12,564 $90,474 $58,092 $ $620,197 
Special Mention 2,172 4,277 5,784  1,828 3,550  17,611 
Substandard(1)
1,627 1,104 4,675 1,085 527 1,564   10,582 
Total land and development58,562 207,288 100,582 113,359 13,091 93,866 61,642  648,390 
Total commercial real estate987,437 2,644,918 2,551,972 1,742,008 836,405 1,820,634 382,501  10,965,875 
Consumer mortgages
Pass1,579,366 964,882 481,718 764,384 755,595 1,102,091 1,005  5,649,041 
Substandard(1)
49 197 777 805 2,412 5,170   9,410 
Loss(3)
     74   74 
Total consumer mortgages1,579,415 965,079 482,495 765,189 758,007 1,107,335 1,005  5,658,525 
Home equity lines
Pass      1,513,600 86,404 1,600,004 
Substandard(1)
      8,603 5,173 13,776 
Doubtful(2)
       19 19 
Loss(3)
      1,243 165 1,408 
Total home equity lines      1,523,446 91,761 1,615,207 
Credit cards
Pass      261,207  261,207 
Substandard(1)
      828  828 
Loss(4)
      2,794  2,794 
Total credit cards      264,829  264,829 
Other consumer loans
Pass136,944 229,039 142,260 161,717 112,805 76,244 268,840  1,127,849 
Substandard(1)
 720 163 474 64 714 253  2,388 
Total other consumer loans136,944 229,759 142,423 162,191 112,869 76,958 269,093  1,130,237 
Total consumer1,716,359 1,194,838 624,918 927,380 870,876 1,184,293 2,058,373 91,761 8,668,798 
Total loans(5)
$7,795,552 $6,548,989 $5,485,282 $4,481,251 $2,949,117 $5,246,429 $6,989,122 $153,082 $39,648,824 
(1)    The majority of loans within Substandard risk grade are accruing loans at September 30, 2020.
(2)    Loans within Doubtful risk grade are on non-accrual status and generally have an ALL equal to 50% of the loan amount.
(3)    Loans within Loss risk grade are on non-accrual status and have an ALL equal to the full loan amount.
(4)    Represent amounts that were 120 days past due. These credits are downgraded to the Loss category with an ALL equal to the full loan amount and are generally charged off upon reaching 181 days past due in accordance with the FFIEC Retail Credit Classification Policy.
(5)    Total before net deferred fees and costs of $99.0 million.
The following table summarizes each loan portfolio class by risk grade as of December 31, 2019.
December 31, 2019
(in thousands)PassSpecial Mention
Substandard(1)
Doubtful(2)
Loss(3)
Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural$9,927,059 $128,506 $182,831 $1,163 $— $10,239,559 
Owner-occupied6,386,055 58,330 85,426 — — 6,529,811 
Total commercial and industrial16,313,114 186,836 268,257 1,163 — 16,769,370 
Investment properties8,930,360 16,490 57,477 — — 9,004,327 
1-4 family properties766,529 3,249 10,237 — — 780,015 
Land and development681,003 18,643 9,796 — — 709,442 
Total commercial real estate10,377,892 38,382 77,510 — — 

10,493,784 
Consumer mortgages5,527,746 — 18,376 97 149 

5,546,368 
Home equity lines1,697,086 — 14,806 21 1,244 

1,713,157 
Credit cards266,146 — 818 — 1,877 
(4)
268,841 
Other consumer loans2,390,199 — 6,095 — — 

2,396,294 
Total consumer9,881,177 — 40,095 118 3,270 9,924,660 
Total loans(5)
$36,572,183 $225,218 $385,862 $1,281 $3,270 $37,187,814 
(1)    The majority of loans within Substandard risk grade are accruing loans at December 31, 2019.
(2)    Loans within Doubtful risk grade are on non-accrual status and generally have an ALL equal to 50% of the loan amount.
(3)    Loans within Loss risk grade are on non-accrual status and have an ALL equal to the full loan amount.
(4)    Represent amounts that were 120 days past due. These credits are downgraded to the Loss category with an ALL equal to the full loan amount and are generally charged off upon reaching 181 days past due in accordance with the FFIEC Retail Credit Classification Policy.
(5)    Total before net deferred fees and costs of $25.4 million.
Collateral-Dependent Loans
We classify a loan as collateral-dependent when our borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, and we expect repayment to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of collateral. Our commercial loans have collateral that is comprised of real estate and business assets. Our consumer loans have collateral that is substantially comprised of residential real estate.
There were no significant changes in the extent to which collateral secures our collateral-dependent loans during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Rollforward of Allowance for Loan Losses
The following tables detail the changes in the ALL by loan segment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Additionally, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, Synovus reversed $6.1 million and $19.4 million, respectively, in previously established reserves for credit losses associated with the transfer to held for sale of $513.2 million and $1.31 billion, respectively, in performing loans primarily related to third-party single-service consumer loans and non-relationship consumer mortgages.
As Of and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)Commercial & IndustrialCommercial Real EstateConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance$229,915 $171,526 $187,207 $588,648 
Charge-offs(19,367)(6,878)(9,101)(35,346)
Recoveries3,796 1,225 1,859 6,880 
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses46,256 (22,068)19,430 43,618 
Ending balance$260,600 $143,805 $199,395 $603,800 
As Of and For the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands)Commercial & IndustrialCommercial Real EstateConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance$138,004 $63,463 $55,909 $257,376 
Charge-offs(15,425)(3,275)(6,026)(24,726)
Recoveries2,276 1,490 1,035 4,801 
Provision for loan losses17,156 280 10,126 27,562 
Ending balance$142,011 $61,958 $61,044 $265,013 
As Of and For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands)Commercial & IndustrialCommercial Real EstateConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance, prior to adoption of ASU 2016-13$145,782 $67,430 $68,190 $281,402 
Impact from adoption of ASU 2016-13
(2,310)(651)85,955 82,994 
Charge-offs(57,497)(8,585)(23,917)(89,999)
Recoveries8,798 2,160 6,468 17,426 
Provision for loan losses165,827 83,451 62,699 311,977 
Ending balance$260,600 $143,805 $199,395 $603,800 
As Of and For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands)Commercial & IndustrialCommercial Real EstateConsumerTotal
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance$133,123 $68,796 $48,636 $250,555 
Charge-offs(39,558)(5,369)(17,363)(62,290)
Recoveries6,087 3,788 3,623 13,498 
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses42,359 (5,257)26,148 63,250 
Ending balance$142,011 $61,958 $61,044 $265,013 
The ALL of $603.8 million and the reserve for unfunded commitments of $60.8 million, which is recorded in other liabilities, comprise the total ACL of $664.6 million at September 30, 2020. The ACL increased during the third quarter of 2020 by $14.9 million to $664.6 million as of September 30, 2020. Since the adoption of CECL on January 1, 2020, the ACL has increased $271.4 million due primarily to uncertainty and deterioration in the economic environment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Provision for credit losses (which includes the provision for loan losses and unfunded commitments) of $43.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 included net charge-offs of $28.5 million and the impact of downgrades largely concentrated in the hotel portfolio, which were mostly offset by improvement in the economic forecast which included adjustments for the estimated impact of currently enacted government stimulus plans, as well as reserve releases from loan dispositions. Provision for credit losses of $344.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, resulted in the building of the ACL required under CECL primarily as a result of deterioration in the economic environment due to the impact of COVID-19.
Our modeling process incorporates quantitative and qualitative considerations that are used to inform CECL estimates. The internally developed economic forecast used to determine the ACL as of September 30, 2020 was approved late in the third quarter of 2020 pursuant to Synovus' economic forecasting governance processes. The modeling assumptions for the third quarter of 2020 included adjustments for the estimated impact of currently enacted government stimulus plans and an unemployment rate ending the 2020 year around 8% before declining modestly in 2021. This, along with credit migration and other loan portfolio activity, resulted in an increase of the ACL to loans coverage ratio during the quarter of 5 bps to 1.68%, or 1.80% excluding PPP loans, at September 30, 2020.
Significant economic uncertainty remains as a result of the continuing COVID-19 crisis, and the trajectory of the economic recovery including any additional government stimulus plans will impact subsequent period CECL reserves.
TDRs
Information about Synovus' TDRs is presented in the following tables. Synovus began entering into loan modifications with borrowers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, which have not been classified as TDRs, and therefore are not included in the discussion below. See "Part I-Item 1. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 1 - Basis of Presentation" in this Report for more information on Synovus' loan modifications due to COVID-19. The following tables represent, by concession type, the post-modification balance for loans modified or renewed during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 that were reported as accruing or non-accruing TDRs.
TDRs by Concession Type
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands, except contract data)Number of ContractsBelow Market Interest Rate
Other Concessions(1)
Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural42 $3,335 $670 $4,005 
Owner-occupied7 1,753  1,753 
Total commercial and industrial49 5,088 670 5,758 
Investment properties2 294 93 387 
1-4 family properties5 74 114 188 
Land and development1 40  40 
Total commercial real estate8 408 207 615 
Consumer mortgages3 496 23 519 
Home equity lines17 471 648 1,119 
Other consumer loans3 48 85 133 
Total consumer23 1,015 756 1,771 
Total TDRs80 $6,511 $1,633 $8,144 
(2)
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands, except contract data)Number of ContractsBelow Market Interest Rate
Other Concessions(1)
Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural27 $2,577 $1,917 $4,494 
Owner-occupied2,822 861 3,683 
Total commercial and industrial34 5,399 2,778 8,177 
Investment properties385 — 385 
1-4 family properties766 — 766 
Land and development473 — 473 
Total commercial real estate1,624 — 1,624 
Consumer mortgages10 1,008 118 1,126 
Home equity lines25 364 1,635 1,999 
Other consumer loans27 473 1,222 1,695 
Total consumer62 1,845 2,975 4,820 
Total TDRs105 $8,868 $5,753 $14,621 
(3)
(1)    Other concessions generally include term extensions, interest only payments for a period of time, or principal forgiveness, but there was no principal forgiveness for the three months ending September 30, 2020 and 2019.
(2)    No net charge-offs were recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2020.
(3)    No net charge-offs were recorded during the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
(in thousands, except contract data)Number of ContractsBelow Market Interest Rate
Other Concessions(1)
Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural118 $8,562 $4,681 $13,243 
Owner-occupied19 3,573 1,530 5,103 
Total commercial and industrial137 12,135 6,211 18,346 
Investment properties6 28,963 93 29,056 
1-4 family properties15 867 1,105 1,972 
Land and development3 581  581 
Total commercial real estate24 30,411 1,198 31,609 
Consumer mortgages19 1,568 2,589 4,157 
Home equity lines50 926 2,530 3,456 
Other consumer loans50 145 2,779 2,924 
Total consumer119 2,639 7,898 10,537 
Total TDRs280 $45,185 $15,307 $60,492 
(2)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
(in thousands, except contract data)Number of ContractsBelow Market Interest Rate
Other Concessions(1)
Total
Commercial, financial and agricultural61 $5,703 $4,404 $10,107 
Owner-occupied13 4,854 861 5,715 
Total commercial and industrial74 10,557 5,265 15,822 
Investment properties1,048 — 1,048 
1-4 family properties14 2,072 — 2,072 
Land and development641 — 641 
Total commercial real estate23 3,761 — 3,761 
Consumer mortgages15 1,245 1,332 2,577 
Home equity lines50 2,686 1,740 4,426 
Other consumer loans79 1,167 3,599 4,766 
Total consumer144 5,098 6,671 11,769 
Total TDRs241 $19,416 $11,936 $31,352 
(3)
(1)    Other concessions generally include term extensions, interest only payments for a period of time, or principal forgiveness, but there was no principal forgiveness for the nine months ending September 30, 2020 and 2019.
(2)    No net charge-offs were recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
(3)    No net charge-offs were recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 there was one default with a recorded investment of $21 thousand and five defaults with a recorded investment of $666 thousand, respectively, on accruing TDRs restructured during the previous twelve months (defaults are defined as the earlier of the TDR being placed on non-accrual status or reaching 90 days past due with respect to principal and/or interest payments) compared to three defaults with a recorded investment of $321 thousand and four defaults with a recorded investment of $326 thousand for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, there were no commitments to lend a material amount of additional funds to any customer whose loan was classified as a TDR.