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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Cytek Biosciences, Inc., its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Cytek Limited (HK), Cytek Biosciences B.V. (Europe), Cytek (Shanghai) Biosciences Co., Ltd., Cytek Biosciences (Wuxi) Co., Ltd., Cytek Japan Kabushiki Kaisha (“Cytek Japan”), Cytek Biosciences Ltd (UK), Cytek Biosciences GmbH (Germany) Cytoville Biosciences Shanghai Co., Ltd. and Cytek (Shanghai) Software Development Technology Co., Ltd. Cytoville Biosciences Shanghai Co., Ltd. and Cytek (Shanghai) Software Development Technology Co., Ltd. were closed in the fourth quarter of 2023. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Variable interest entities and voting interest entities

The Company determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and therefore subject to the consolidation requirements under the VIE model. Only if the entity does not meet the definition of a VIE, the Company will apply the voting interest model (“VOE”) or other applicable GAAP. VOEs are entities in which the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to finance itself independently and provides the equity holders with the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive residual returns and the right to make decisions about the entity’s activities. The Company consolidates VOEs in which it has greater than 50% of the voting shares and that other equity holders do not have substantive voting, participating or liquidation rights. As defined in applicable accounting standards, VIEs are entities that lack one or more of the characteristics of a voting interest entity. A controlling financial interest in a VIE is present when an enterprise has both the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and an obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The Company consolidates a VIE where it has been determined that the Company is the primary beneficiary of the entity’s operations. The Company does not currently hold an interest in a VIE.

Use of estimates

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes as of the date

of the consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions are based on current facts, historical experience and various other factors believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ materially and adversely from these estimates.

Operating segments

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate discrete information is available for evaluation by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer, who is the chief operating decision maker, reviews financial information on an aggregate basis for allocating and evaluating financial performance. The Company operates and manages its business as one reportable and operating segment.

Foreign currency translation and transactions

The Company has determined that the functional and reporting currency for its operations across the globe is the functional currency of the Company’s international subsidiaries. Accordingly, all foreign balance sheet accounts have been translated into U.S. dollars using the rate of exchange at the respective balance sheet date. Components of the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income have been translated at the average exchange rate for the year or the reporting period. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income as a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains or losses arising from currency exchange rate fluctuations on transactions denominated in a currency other than the local functional currency are included in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value.

The Company’s cash and cash equivalents consist of money held in demand depository accounts and money market funds. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents was $167.6 million and $299.5 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which approximates fair value and was determined based upon Level 1 inputs. The money market account is valued using quoted market prices with no valuation adjustments applied and is categorized as Level 1. The Company limits its credit risk associated with cash and cash equivalents by maintaining its bank accounts at major and reputable financial institutions. The Company’s cash and cash equivalents balance exceeded the federally insured limit of $250,000 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

The Company classifies restricted cash as current on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets based upon the term of the remaining restrictions.

The following is a summary of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash on the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):


	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash	$	22,407	$	123,371
U.S. Treasury	—		29,930
Federal agency securities	—		19,908
Commercial paper			5,955
Money market funds	144,892		117,437
Restricted cash	331		2,899
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as presented on the consolidated statements of cash flows	$	167,630	$	299,500

Short-term restricted cash

As of December 31, 2023, a customer made an advance payment of $331,000 (EUR 299,579.5) to Cytek Biosciences B.V., provided that the Customer receives a bank guarantee for the same amount as security for refund of said amount in the event that Cytek Biosciences B.V. fails to fulfill its delivery commitment. After the delivery, the restricted cash will be released into the Company's normal cash account.

On November 7, 2022, Cytek (Wuxi) Biosciences Co., Ltd, the Company’s China subsidiary (“Cytek Wuxi”), entered a fixed asset loan agreement with Bank of Communications, China. The loan is denominated in Chinese renminbi

and collateralized by Cytek Wuxi's cash deposit to the bank. The deposit was in a separate account with Cytek Wuxi's name, but the use of such account is restricted. The Company presented the deposit as restricted cash on the audited consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2022. In April 2023, the restricted cash account was released.

Investments

Available-for-sale investments. The Company's investments may consist of U.S. treasury and U.S. government agency securities, corporate notes and bonds, commercial paper, and money market funds. The Company has designated all investments as available-for-sale and, therefore, such investments are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses recorded in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income. The Company generally holds securities until maturity; however, they may be sold under certain circumstances including, but not limited to, when necessary for the funding of acquisitions and other strategic investments. Realized gains and losses on the sale of investments are recorded in interest and other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. Investments with remaining maturities at date of purchase greater than 90 days and remaining maturities as of the reporting period less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Investments with remaining maturities greater than one year are classified as long-term investments.

Equity Investment. The Company's investment consists of non-marketable equity investments in a privately held company. The Company’s non-marketable equity investments do not have readily determinable fair values. Therefore, the Company elects to apply the measurement alternative and record these investments at cost, less any impairment, plus or minus observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. Investment is included within other noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance sheets and adjustments to their carrying amounts are recorded in other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. There were no material events or circumstances impacting the carrying amount of our strategic investments during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Trade accounts receivable, net

The Company’s accounts receivable consists principally of amounts due related to product sales of instrument systems and accessories, as well as installation and repair services. These receivables are generally due within 30 to 45 days of the period in which the corresponding sales occur and do not bear interest are classified as trade accounts receivable, net on the consolidated balance sheets. Trade accounts receivable are reported at their estimated net realizable value.

Allowance for uncollectible receivables

Allowance for credit losses

The Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses”) on December 31, 2022, which was retroactively applied as of the first day of fiscal year 2022, as further described within the section below titled Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements. This accounting standard requires companies to measure expected credit losses on financial instruments based on the total estimated amount to be collected over the lifetime of the instrument. Prior to the adoption of this accounting standard, the Company recorded incurred loss reserves against receivable balances based on current and historical information.

Expected credit losses for uncollectible receivable balances consider both current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future conditions. Current conditions considered include pre-defined aging criteria, as well as specified events that indicate the balance due is not collectible. Reasonable and supportable forecasts used in determining the probability of future collection consider publicly available macroeconomic data and whether future credit losses are expected to differ from historical losses.

The Company is not party to any off-balance sheet arrangements that would require an allowance for credit losses in accordance with this accounting standard.

The changes in the allowance for uncollectible receivables for the year ended December 31, 2023 were as follows (in thousands):


Allowance for credit losses
Balance at December 31, 2021	$	3
Cumulative effect adjustment upon adoption of ASU 2016-13	—
Balance at January 1, 2022	3
Utilization of allowance for credit losses	(3)
Provision for credit losses	102
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	102
Utilization of allowance for credit losses	—
Provision for credit losses	270
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	372

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is computed using standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company regularly monitors inventory quantities on hand and records write-downs for excess and obsolete inventories based on an estimate of demand for products, potential obsolescence of technology, product life cycles, and whether pricing trends or forecasts indicate that the carrying value of inventory exceeds its estimated selling price. These factors are impacted by market and economic conditions, technology changes, and new product introductions and require estimates that may include elements that are uncertain. The Company's estimates of forecasted demand are based upon analysis and assumptions including, but not limited to, expected product lifecycles, product development plans and historical usage by product. If inventory is written down, a new cost basis is established that cannot be increased in future periods.

Property and equipment, net

Property and equipment are recorded at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is recorded using the straight-line method based on the estimated useful lives of the depreciable property or, for leasehold improvements, the remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Assets not yet placed in use are not depreciated. The Company’s estimated useful lives of its property and equipment are as follows:


			Estimated Useful Lives
Building			20 years
Furniture and fixtures			7 years
Laboratory equipment			5 years
Office and computer equipment			3 years
Leasehold improvements			Shorter of expected lease term or estimated useful life

Upon sale or retirement of the assets, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive (loss) income. Expenditures for general maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred.

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination. Intangible assets resulting from the acquisition of entities are estimated by

management based on the fair value of assets received. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives. The Company’s estimated useful lives of its intangible assets are as follows:


			Estimated Useful Lives
Patent			20 years
Trademarks			10 years
Trade name			3 - 15 years
FCI developed technology			1 - 6 years
Customer relationship			7 - 9 years
Reagent licenses			7 years
IP license			5 years

Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets with finite lives include property and equipment and acquired intangible assets. The Company evaluates long-lived assets, including acquired intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets held and used is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group to estimated undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds these estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the asset or asset group.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized but rather tested for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. Goodwill impairment is recognized when the quantitative assessment results in the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeding its fair value, in which case an impairment charge is recorded to goodwill to the extent the carrying value exceeds the fair value, limited to the amount of goodwill. The Company did not recognize any impairment of goodwill for all periods presented.

Fair value of financial instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

Level 1—Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2—Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The categorization of a financial instrument within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy on the date of the event or change in circumstances that caused the transfer.

The carrying amounts reflected in the consolidated balance sheets for cash and cash equivalents, trade accounts receivable, net, trade accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate their fair values.

Revenue recognition

The Company’s product revenue consists of sales of its instrument systems and accessories. The Company recognizes product revenue at the point in time when control of the product is transferred to the customer.

The Company’s service revenue primarily consists of post-warranty service contracts, installations and repairs, which are recognized over time. Post-warranty service contracts are recognized ratably over the term of the contract and installations and repair services are recognized as they are delivered to the customer.

Revenue is recognized when control of promised goods or services is transferred to a customer in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. To determine revenue recognition for its arrangements with customers, the Company performs the following five steps: (i) identify the contract(s) with a customer; (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the entity satisfies a performance obligation.

Invoicing for products occurs upon delivery and payment terms are 30 to 90 days. Service contracts are invoiced upfront and payment terms are generally 30 days. For those arrangements that have terms greater than one year, any payments received upfront are for reasons other than financing. Revenue is recognized only to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the cumulative amount recognized will not occur in future periods. Variable consideration is not material.

Certain of the Company’s sales contracts involve the delivery or performance of multiple products and services within contractually binding arrangements. The Company has determined these performance obligations qualify as distinct performance obligations, as the customer can benefit from the good or service on its own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer, and the Company’s promise to transfer the good or service is separately identifiable from other promises in the contract. For these arrangements that contain multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates transaction price based on the relative standalone selling price (“SSP”) method by comparing the SSP of each distinct performance obligation to the total value of the contract. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP for products and services sold together in a contract to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs.

Sales, value-add and other taxes, collected from customers concurrent with revenue generating activities and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in revenue. Shipping and handling costs associated with outbound freight are accounted for as a fulfillment cost and are included in cost of sales.

The Company recognizes revenue in certain circumstances before product delivery occurs (commonly referred to as bill-and-hold transactions). When the Company enters into bill-and-hold arrangements, the Company determines if the customer obtains control of the product by determining (a) the reason for the bill-and-hold arrangement; (b) whether the product was identified separately as belonging to the customer; (c) whether the product was ready for physical transfer to the customer; and (d) whether the Company was unable to utilize the product or direct it to another customer. For bill-and-hold arrangements, the associated product inventory is identified separately by the Company as belonging to the customer and is ready for physical transfer.

During the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company recorded $14.9 million and $12.1 million of revenue under bill-and-hold arrangements, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, $5.4 million and $5.9 million was included in revenue for products that had not yet shipped, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, revenue recorded under bill-and-hold arrangements was immaterial.

Product revenue

The Company’s standard arrangement for sales to end users is a purchase order or an executed contract. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of the product to the customer, which occurs at a point in time depending on the shipping terms.

The Company’s arrangements with its distributors include a purchase order. The purchase order is governed by terms and conditions set forth in the applicable distribution agreement. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of the products to the distributor, which occurs at a point in time depending on the shipping terms.

Service revenue

Contract liabilities

Contract liabilities consist of fees invoiced or paid by the Company’s customers for which the associated services have not been performed and revenue has not been recognized based on the Company’s revenue recognition criteria described above. Such amounts are reported as deferred revenue for service and customer deposits for instruments on the

consolidated balance sheets. Deferred revenue that is expected to be recognized during the following 12 months is recorded as a current liability and the remaining portion is recorded as noncurrent.

Assurance-type product warranties

The Company provides a one-year assurance-type warranty that is included with the sale of its instruments. At the time revenue is recognized for the products, the Company establishes an accrual for estimated warranty expense based on historical data and trends of product reliability and costs of repairing and replacing defective products. The Company exercises judgment in estimating the expected product warranty costs, using data such as the historical repair costs. While management believes that historical experience provides a reliable basis for estimating such warranty cost, unforeseen quality issues or component failure rates could result in future costs in excess of such estimates, or alternatively, improved quality and reliability in the Company’s products could result in actual expenses that are below those currently estimated.

Deferred offering costs

Deferred offering costs, which consist of direct incremental legal, consulting, banking and accounting fees relating to the Company’s planned initial public offering, are capitalized, and are offset against proceeds from an offering upon the effectiveness of the offering. In the event an anticipated offering is terminated, deferred offering costs will be expensed. On July 27, 2021, the Company completed the IPO; accordingly, the Company recognized the initial public offering costs of approximately $5.3 million as a reduction from gross proceeds associated with the IPO through additional paid-in capital in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Accordingly, there were no deferred offering costs related to the IPO as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

On August 26, 2022, the Company filed with the SEC an automatic shelf registration statement on Form S-3ASR (File No. 333-267118) (the “Registration Statement”). In connection with the filing of the Registration Statement, the Company also entered into a sales agreement (the “2022 Sales Agreement”) with Piper Sandler & Co. (“Piper”) as sales agent to sell from time to time up to $150 million of the Company’s common stock through an “at-the-market” offering program as defined in Rule 415 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).

Pursuant to the terms of the 2022 Sales Agreement, the aggregate compensation payable to Piper is up to 3% of the gross proceeds from the sale of common stock sold by Piper pursuant to the 2022 Sales Agreement. Each party agreed in the 2022 Sale Agreement to provide indemnification and contribution against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, subject to the terms of the 2022 Sales Agreement. As of December 31, 2023, the Company has not made any sales of common stock pursuant to the 2022 Sales Agreement. Accordingly, $0.7 million in transaction expenses recorded as prepaid offering costs have not yet been expensed in transaction expenses recorded.

Research and development costs

Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses to date consist primarily of salaries, benefits, stock-based compensation, independent contractor costs, laboratory supplies, equipment maintenance, materials expenses, and software license fees. Payments made prior to the receipt of goods or services to be used in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses until the related goods or services are received.

Advertising costs

The cost of advertising, marketing and media is expensed as incurred.

Stock-based compensation

The Company maintains an equity incentive compensation plan under which incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options to purchase common stock, and restricted stock units for common stock, are granted to employees and non-employee consultants. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date, based on the fair value of the award, and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period. The fair value of stock options granted to employees is estimated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company records forfeitures as they occur. The weighted-average assumptions used in estimating the fair value of stock options granted during each of the periods presented are:

Expected Volatility—Expected volatility is estimated by studying the volatility of selected industry peers deemed to be comparable to the Company's business corresponding to the expected term of the awards.

Expected Term—Expected term represents the period that the Company's stock-based awards are expected to be outstanding and is determined using the simplified method.

Dividend Yield— The expected dividend yield is zero as the Company has never declared or paid cash dividends and has no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.

Risk-Free Interest Rate—The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issued in effect at the time of grant for periods corresponding with the expected term of the option.

Income taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under an asset and liability approach. Deferred income taxes comprise the impact of temporary differences between assets and liabilities recognized for financial reporting purposes and the amounts recognized for income tax reporting purposes, net operating loss carryforwards, and other tax credit carryforwards measured by applying currently enacted tax laws. A valuation allowance is provided when necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to an amount that is more likely than not to be realized.

The Company determines whether a tax position is more likely than not to be sustained upon examination, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes, based on the technical merits of the position. The Company uses a two-step approach to recognize and measure uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon tax authority examination, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company’s policy for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions is to recognize interest and penalties, if any, in interest expense and other expense, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations. Accrued interest and penalties, if any, are included in accrued expenses in the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state jurisdictions and foreign jurisdictions. The U.S. state and foreign jurisdictions have statutes of limitations that generally range from three to five years. The Company’s federal, state and foreign income tax returns are subject to examination unless the statutes of limitations close. The Company is not currently under examination for federal, state, and foreign income tax purposes.

The Company intends to reinvest its undistributed earnings of its foreign operations. Following enactment of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), the repatriation of cash to the United States is generally no longer taxable for federal income tax purposes. However, the repatriation of cash held outside the United States could be subject to applicable foreign withholding taxes and state income taxes. The Company may remit foreign earnings to the United States to the extent it is tax efficient to do so. It does not expect the tax impact from remitting these earnings to be material. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2021 on a prospective basis, and the adoption did not have a material impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share

Basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share and diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share are computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the period. Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated using the two-class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines net income (loss) per share for the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock and participating securities. The Company’s redeemable convertible preferred stock contains participation rights in any dividend paid by the Company and is deemed to be a participating security. The participating securities include a contractual obligation to participate in the income of the Company and are included in the calculation of net income (loss) per share in the periods in which net income (loss) is recorded.

Diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share is computed using the more dilutive of (a) the two-class method or (b) the if-converted method. The Company allocates earnings first to preferred stockholders based on non-cumulative dividend rights if and when declared and then to common and preferred stockholders based on ownership interests. The weighted-average number of shares of common stock included in the computation of diluted net income attributable to common stockholders per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive common stock equivalents, including outstanding options and redeemable convertible preferred stock.

Common stock equivalents are excluded from the computation of diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders per share if their effect is antidilutive.

Business Combinations

The Company uses the acquisition method of accounting under ASC 805, Business Combinations. Each acquired company’s operating results are included in the Company's consolidated financial statements starting on the date of acquisition. The purchase price is equivalent to the fair value of consideration transferred. Tangible and identifiable

intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of acquisition are recorded at the acquisition date fair value. Goodwill is recognized for the excess of purchase price over the net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.

Amounts allocated to assets and liabilities are based upon their estimated fair values. Such valuations require management to make significant estimates and assumptions, especially with respect to the identifiable intangible assets. Management makes estimates of fair value based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable and that of a market participant. These estimates are based on historical experience and information obtained from the management of the acquired companies and the estimates are inherently uncertain. The separately identifiable intangible assets generally include developed technology, customer relationships, trade names, and reagent licenses

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to improve financial reporting and disclosures about leasing transactions. This ASU requires companies that lease assets to recognize on the balance sheet the assets and liabilities for the rights and obligations created by those leases, for substantially all leases. The recognition, measurement and presentation of expense and cash flows arising from a lease by a lessee will depend primarily on its classification as a finance or operating lease; both types of leases will be recognized on the balance sheet. This ASU also requires disclosures to help financial statement users to better understand the amount, timing and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The new lease standard was adopted by the Company on its effective date of January 1, 2022. The Company used the optional transition method to the modified retrospective approach in which results for reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2022 are presented under Topic 842, while prior period amounts continue to be reported and disclosed in accordance with the Company’s historical accounting treatment under ASC Topic 840, Leases.

A number of practical expedients and policy elections are available under the new guidance to reduce the burden of adoption and ongoing compliance with Topic 842. The Company elected the “package of practical expedients” permitted under the transition guidance, which did not require reassessment of whether contracts entered into prior to January 1, 2022 are or contain leases, and allowed carryforward of the historical lease classification for existing leases. The Company has not elected to adopt the “hindsight” practical expedient, and therefore will measure the right-of-use (ROU) asset and lease liability using the remaining portion of the lease term at adoption on January 1, 2022.

The Company made an accounting policy election under Topic 842 not to recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. For all other leases, the Company recognizes ROU assets and lease liabilities based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date of the lease (or January 1, 2022 for existing leases upon the adoption of Topic 842). The ROU assets also include any initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before the commencement date and are reduced by any lease incentives.

Future lease payments may include fixed rent escalation clauses or payments that depend on an index (such as the consumer price index). Subsequent changes an index and other periodic market-rate adjustments to base rent are recorded in variable lease expense in the period incurred. Residual value guarantees and payments for terminating a lease are included in the lease payments only when it is probable they will be incurred.

The Company’s leases may include a non-lease component representing additional services transferred to the Company, such as common area maintenance for real estate. The Company made an accounting policy election to account for each separate lease component and the non-lease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component. The non-lease components are generally variable in nature and recorded in variable lease expense in the period incurred.

The Company uses its incremental borrowing rate to determine the present value of lease payments, as the Company’s leases do not have a readily determinable implicit discount rate. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term and amount in a similar economic environment. Judgement is applied in assessing factors such as Company-specific credit risk, lease term, nature and quality of the underlying collateral, currency, and economic environment in determining the incremental borrowing rate to apply to each lease.

Adoption of Topic 842 resulted in the recording of ROU assets and lease liabilities related to the Company’s operating leases of approximately $14.6 million and $15.2 million, respectively, on January 1, 2022. The adoption of the new lease standard did not materially impact the Company's consolidated net income or consolidated cash flows and did not result in a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. Refer to Note 17 for additional disclosures.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”), which requires enhanced income tax disclosures, including specific categories and

disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation, disaggregated information related to income taxes paid, income or loss from continuing operations before income tax expense or benefit, and income tax expense or benefit from continuing operations. The requirements of the ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this pronouncement.

The Company continues to monitor new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB and does not believe any accounting pronouncements issued through the date of this report will have a material impact on its financial statements.