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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2023, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022 included herein was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of that date.
The results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023, any other interim periods, or any future year or period.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on March 15, 2023.
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of June 30, 2023, there have been no material changes in the Company's significant accounting policies from those that were disclosed in the Annual Report on Form 10-K, except as discussed below.
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates relied upon in preparing these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, expected future cash flows used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, contingent liabilities, expensing and capitalization of research and development costs for internal-use software, the average period of benefit associated with costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, the determination of the fair value of stock-based awards issued, stock-based compensation expense, the determination of the estimated fair value of the convertible notes held by the Company, the valuations of the intangible assets acquired through acquisitions, the estimation of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate, and the recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance.
Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates if these results differ from historical experience, or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate, even if such assumptions are reasonable when made.
Subsequent Events Considerations
Subsequent Events Considerations
The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements to provide additional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated as required. The Company has evaluated all subsequent events and determined that there are no material recognized or unrecognized subsequent events requiring disclosure, other than those disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company primarily derives revenue from subscription revenues via the Semrush online visibility management platform and the Prowly public relations platform, which are comprised of subscription fees from customers accessing the Company’s SaaS services and related customer support. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, subscription revenue accounted for nearly all of the Company’s revenue. Revenue related to other revenue was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
The Company offers subscriptions to its platform primarily on a monthly or annual basis. The Company sells its products and services primarily through a self-service model and also directly through its sales force. The Company’s subscription arrangements provide customers the right to access the Company’s hosted software applications. Customers do not have the right to take possession of the Company’s software during the hosting arrangement. Subscriptions are generally non-cancellable during the contractual subscription term; however, subscription contracts contain a right to a refund if requested within seven days of purchase.
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. There were no changes to the Company’s revenue recognition policies since the filing of its Annual Report on Form 10-K with the SEC on March 15, 2023.
Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company primarily invoices and collects payments from customers for its services in advance on a monthly or annual basis.
Deferred revenue represents amounts billed for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as long-term deferred revenue. Deferred revenue increased by $6,724 as of June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, $27,865 and $37,831 of revenue was recognized that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of each respective period. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, $24,295 and $30,760 of revenue was recognized that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of each respective period.
The Company has elected to exclude amounts charged to customers for sales tax from the transaction price. Accordingly, revenue is presented net of any sales tax collected from customers.
Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations
ASC 606 requires that the Company disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of the balance sheet dates reported.
For contracts with an original expected duration greater than one year, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that were unsatisfied as of June 30, 2023 was $906, of which the Company expects to recognize $643 over the next 12 months.
For contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less, the Company has applied the practical expedient available under ASC 606 to not disclose the amount of transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations as of June 30, 2023. For performance obligations not satisfied as of June 30, 2023, and to which this expedient applies, the nature of the performance obligations is consistent with performance obligations satisfied as of December 31, 2022. The remaining durations are less than one year.
Costs to Obtain a Contract
The incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which primarily consist of sales commissions paid for new subscription contracts, are deferred and recorded as deferred contract costs in the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over a period of approximately 24 months on a systematic basis, consistent with the pattern of transfer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. The 24-month period represents the estimated benefit period of the customer relationship and has been determined by taking into consideration the type of product sold, the commitment term of the customer contract, the nature of the Company’s technology development life-cycle, and an estimated customer relationship period based on historical experience and future expectations. Deferred contract costs that will be recorded as expense during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as current deferred contract costs, and the remaining portion is recorded as deferred contract costs, net of current portion. Amortization of deferred contract costs is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
The Company has no off-balance sheet risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements. Credit losses historically have not been significant and the Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company's accounts receivable.
Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is dispersed due to the large number of customers of the Company. The Company routinely assesses the creditworthiness of its customers and generally does not require its customers to provide collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. Credit losses historically have not been significant and the Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company's accounts receivable.
Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments include cash, cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses. The Company’s investments are classified as available-for-sale and reported at fair value in accordance with the market approach utilizing quoted prices that were directly or indirectly observable. The carrying amount of the remainder of the Company’s financial instruments approximated their fair values as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The Company has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts.Cash equivalents include money market funds with original maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. The fair value measurement of these assets is based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and, therefore, these assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company’s investments primarily consist of U.S. treasury securities and corporate securities. The fair value measurement of these assets is based on significant other observable inputs and, therefore, these assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.     
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company measured its investments in convertible debt securities (see Note 7) and its contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of Prowly.com sp. Z o.o (“Prowly”) on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
Convertible Debt Securities
The Company records its convertible note investments at fair value on the purchase date. The Company determines the fair value of these investments using the Black-Scholes Merton model. Each reporting period thereafter, these investments are revalued and increases or decreases in their fair values are recorded as adjustments to other income, net within the unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss to reflect the gains and losses. Changes in the fair value of these investments can result from changes in the estimated enterprise value of the issuers, the likelihoods and methods of such conversions, and other market factors. Significant judgment is employed in determining the appropriateness of these assumptions as of the purchase date and for each subsequent period. Accordingly, changes in any of the assumptions described above can materially impact the amount of gain or loss the Company records in any given period.
Foreign Currency Translation
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company operates in a multi-currency environment having transactions in such currencies as the U.S. dollar, zloty, Czech koruna, euro, and others. The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar.
Beginning on January 1, 2022, as a result of changes in the economic facts and circumstances of its business environment, the Company reassessed its functional currency determinations for all foreign subsidiaries and determined that the functional currencies of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency at each of its subsidiary locations, with the exception of its former Russian subsidiaries where the U.S. dollar remained the functional currency in 2022. Accordingly, beginning January 1, 2022, assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries that maintain local currencies as functional currencies are translated into U.S. dollars using period-end exchange rates, and revenues and expenses are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates in effect during each period. The Company includes the effects of these foreign currency translation adjustments in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a separate component of stockholders’ equity.
Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss
Comprehensive loss is comprised of two components: net loss and other comprehensive loss, which includes other changes in stockholders’ equity that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, comprehensive loss
consists of net loss, the change in the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment, and unrealized loss on investments. The tax effect of the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment and unrealized loss on investments was not significant for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 changes the impairment model for most financial assets and certain other instruments. Entities will be required to use an expected loss model that will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses for trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans, and other instruments. For available-for-sale debt securities with unrealized losses, the losses will be recognized as allowances rather than as reductions in the amortized cost of the securities. The Company adopted the standard utilizing the modified retrospective approach. The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Variable Interests Significant judgments included the determination that these variable interest entities lacked sufficient equity at risk to finance activities without additional subordinated support, and that the Company was not the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entities given the Company’s variable interests do not constitute a controlling financial interest.