XML 61 R44.htm IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT v3.21.2
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
9 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2021
Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Basis of Presentation
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for the fair presentation of the Company’s financial position as of September 30, 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 included herein was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date.
The results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021, any other interim periods, or any future year or period.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s final prospectus dated March 24, 2021 (the “Prospectus”) as filed with the SEC on March 25, 2021 pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect the application of certain significant accounting policies as described below and elsewhere in these notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. As of September 30, 2021, there have been no material changes in the Company's significant accounting policies from those that were disclosed in the Prospectus except as discussed below.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Any reference in these notes to applicable guidance is meant to refer to the authoritative United States generally accepted accounting principles as found in the Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”).
Principles of Consolidation
Principles of Consolidation
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates relied upon in preparing these financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, expected future cash flows used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, contingent liabilities, expensing and capitalization of research and development costs for internal-use software, the average period of benefit associated with costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, the determination of the fair value of stock-based awards issued, stock-based compensation expense, and the recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance.
Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates if these results differ from historical experience, or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate, even if such assumptions are reasonable when made.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates relied upon in preparing these financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, expected future cash flows used to evaluate the recoverability of long-lived assets, contingent liabilities, expensing and capitalization of research and development costs for internal-use software, the average period of benefit associated with costs capitalized to obtain revenue contracts, the determination of the fair value of stock-based awards issued, stock-based compensation expense, and the recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance.
Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from management’s estimates if these results differ from historical experience, or other assumptions do not turn out to be substantially accurate, even if such assumptions are reasonable when made.
Subsequent Events Considerations
Subsequent Events Considerations
The Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the financial statements to provide additional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated as required. The Company has evaluated all subsequent events and determined that there are no material recognized or unrecognized subsequent events requiring disclosure, other than those disclosed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Subsequent Events ConsiderationsThe Company considers events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but prior to the issuance of the financial statements to provide additional evidence for certain estimates or to identify matters that require additional disclosure. Subsequent events have been evaluated as required.
Revenue Recognition
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenue from two sources: (1) subscription revenues via the Semrush Online Visibility Management Platform and the Prowly Public Relations Platform, which are comprised of subscription fees from customers accessing the Company’s SaaS services and related customer support; and (2) the Semrush Marketplace, which allows customers to pay a set fee for services or products offered through the marketplace.
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. There were no changes to the Company’s revenue recognition policies since the filing of the Prospectus.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, subscription revenue accounted for nearly all of the Company’s revenue. Revenue related to the Semrush Marketplace was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company primarily invoices and collects payments from customers for its services in advance on a monthly or annual basis.
Deferred revenue represents amounts billed for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as long-term deferred revenue. Deferred revenue increased by $9,634 as of September 30, 2021 compared December 31, 2020. During the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, $18,504 and $11,672 of revenue was recognized that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of each respective period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, $22,874 and $17,343 of revenue was recognized that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of each respective period.
The Company has elected to exclude amounts charged to customers for sales tax from the transaction price. Accordingly, revenue is presented net of any sales tax collected from customers.
Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations
ASC 606 requires that the Company disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of the balance sheet dates reported.
For contracts with an original expected duration greater than one year, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that were unsatisfied as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $1,081 and $1,280, respectively, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 12 months.
For contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less, the Company has applied the practical expedient available under ASC 606 to not disclose the amount of transaction price allocated to
unsatisfied performance obligations as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. For performance obligations not satisfied as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and to which this expedient applies, the nature of the performance obligations is consistent with performance obligations satisfied as of December 31, 2019. The remaining durations are less than one year.
Costs to Obtain a Contract
The incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which primarily consist of sales commissions paid for new subscription contracts, are deferred and recorded as deferred contract costs in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized over a period of approximately 24 months on a systematic basis, consistent with the pattern of transfer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. The 24-month period represents the estimated benefit period of the customer relationship and has been determined by taking into consideration the type of product sold, the commitment term of the customer contract, the nature of the Company’s technology development life-cycle, and an estimated customer relationship period based on historical experience and future expectations. Sales commissions for renewals and upgrade contracts are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated customer relationship period of the related customer. Deferred contract costs that will be recorded as expense during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as current deferred contract costs, and the remaining portion is recorded as deferred contract costs, net of current portion. Amortization of deferred contract costs is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income (loss).
Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenue from two sources: (1) subscription revenues via the Semrush Online Visibility Management Platform and the Prowly Public Relations Platform, which are comprised of subscription fees from customers accessing the Company’s SaaS services and related customer support; and (2) the Semrush Marketplace, which allows customers to pay a set fee for services or products offered through the marketplace.
For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, subscription revenue accounted for nearly all of the Company’s revenue. Revenue related to the Semrush Marketplace was not material for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020.
The Company offers subscriptions to its platform primarily on a monthly or annual basis. The Company sells its products and services primarily through a self-service model and also directly through
its sales force. The Company’s subscription arrangements provide customers the right to access the Company’s hosted software applications. Customers do not have the right to take possession of the Company’s software during the hosting arrangement. Subscriptions are generally non-cancellable during the contractual subscription term; however, subscription contracts contain a right to a refund if requested within seven days of purchase.
The Company recognizes revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”). Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration it expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. To achieve the core principle of ASC 606, the Company performs the following steps:
1)Identify the contract(s) with a customer;
2)Identify the performance obligations in the contract;
3)Determine the transaction price;
4)Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and
5)Recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation.
The Company recognizes subscription and support revenue ratably over the term of the contract, beginning on the date the customer is provided access to the Company’s service. These subscriptions are generally stand-ready obligations as the customer has access to the service throughout the term of the subscription, and the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied with the customer over time. The Company considers the Semrush Online Visibility Management Platform and related support services to have the same pattern of transfer to the customer. As such, they are accounted for as a single performance obligation.
Amounts that have been invoiced are recorded in accounts receivable and in deferred revenue or revenue, depending on whether the revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company primarily invoices and collects payments from customers for its services in advance on a monthly or annual basis.
Deferred revenue represents amounts billed for which revenue has not yet been recognized. Deferred revenue that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current deferred revenue, and the remaining portion is recorded as long-term deferred revenue. Deferred revenue increased by $7,646 and $6,994 during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, $11,525 and $19,218 of revenue was recognized that was included in deferred revenue at the beginning of each respective period.
The Company has elected to exclude amounts charged to customers for sales tax from the transaction price. Accordingly, revenue is presented net of any sales tax collected from customers.
Transaction Price Allocated to Future Performance Obligations
ASC 606 requires that the Company disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price that is allocated to performance obligations that have not yet been satisfied as of the balance sheet dates reported.
For contracts with an original expected duration greater than one year, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the performance obligations that were unsatisfied as of December 31, 2019 and 2020 was $1,437 and $1,280, respectively, which the Company expects to recognize over the next 12 months.
For contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less, the Company has applied the practical expedient available under ASC 606 to not disclose the amount of transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations as of December 31, 2019 and 2020. For performance obligations not satisfied as of December 31, 2019 and 2020, and to which this expedient applies, the nature of the performance obligations is consistent with performance obligations satisfied as of December 31, 2019 and 2020. The remaining durations are less than one year.
Costs to Obtain a Contract
The incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract, which primarily consist of sales commissions paid for new subscription contracts, are deferred and recorded as deferred contract costs in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized over a period of approximately 24 months on a systematic basis, consistent with the pattern of transfer of the goods or services to which the asset relates. The 24-month period represents the estimated benefit period of the customer relationship and has been determined by taking into consideration the type of product sold, the commitment term of the customer contract, the nature of the Company’s technology development life-cycle, and an estimated customer relationship period based on historical experience and future expectations. Sales commissions for renewals and upgrade contracts are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated customer relationship period of the related customer. Deferred contract costs that will be recorded as expense during the succeeding 12-month period is recorded as current deferred contract costs, and the remaining portion is recorded as deferred contract costs, net of current portion. Amortization of deferred contract costs is included in sales and marketing expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Cost of Revenue
Cost of revenue primarily consists of expenses related to supporting and hosting the Company’s SaaS platform, acquiring data and providing support to the Company’s customers. These costs include salaries, benefits, incentive compensation, and stock-based compensation expense related to the management of the Company’s data centers, the customer support team and the customer success team, and data acquisition costs. In addition to these expenses, the Company incurs third-party service provider costs, such as data center and networking expenses, allocated overhead costs, and depreciation and amortization expense associated with the Company’s property and equipment and capitalized internal-use software development costs.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity date of 90 days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date.
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and amounts held in interest-bearing money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair market value.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity date of 90 days or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Management determines the appropriate classification of investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates such determination at each balance sheet date.
Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on deposit with banks and amounts held in interest-bearing money market funds. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates their fair market value.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
The Company has no off-balance sheet risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other hedging arrangements. Credit losses historically have not been significant and the Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company's accounts receivable.
Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is dispersed due to the large number of customers of the Company. The Company routinely assesses the creditworthiness of its customers and generally does not require its customers to provide collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. Credit losses historically have not been significant and the Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company's accounts receivable.
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
The Company has no off-balance sheet risk, such as foreign exchange contracts, option contracts, or other foreign hedging arrangements. Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivables. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with multiple financial institutions that management believes to be of high-credit quality. At times, the deposits with these financial institutions may exceed federally insured limits.
Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is dispersed due to the large number of customers of the Company. The Company routinely assesses the creditworthiness of its customers and generally does not require its customers to provide collateral or other security to support accounts receivable. Credit losses historically have not been significant and the Company generally has not experienced any material losses related to receivables from individual customers, or groups of customers. Due to these factors, no additional credit risk beyond amounts provided for collection losses is believed by management to be probable in the Company’s accounts receivable.
Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments and Fair Value Measurements
Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, approximated their fair values at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The Company has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts. See below for further discussion.
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
This guidance further identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company uses valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows:
Level 1 inputs—Unadjusted observable quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 inputs—Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 inputs—Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity.
To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments
categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company evaluates assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring and nonrecurring basis to determine the appropriate level to classify them for each reporting period.
Cash equivalents include money market funds with original maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. The fair value measurement of these assets is based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and, therefore, these assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, cash equivalents held in money market funds totaled $21,727 and $29,369, respectively.
As of September 30, 2021, the Company measured its investments in convertible notes (see Note 4) and its contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of Prowly.com sp. z o.o (“Prowly”) on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) and did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant other observable inputs (Level 2). As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s only recurring Level 3 fair value measurement was its contingent consideration associated with the acquisition of Prowly. Changes in fair value of the convertible notes were not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The changes in fair value of the contingent consideration associated with the Prowly acquisition were insignificant for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant other observable inputs (Level 2).
Disclosure of Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments, which include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued expenses, approximated their fair values at December 31, 2019 and 2020, due to the short-term nature of these instruments.
The Company has evaluated the estimated fair value of financial instruments using available market information. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methodologies could have a significant effect on the estimated fair value amounts. See below for further discussion.
Fair Value Measurements
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures (“ASC 820”), establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for instruments measured at fair value that distinguishes between assumptions based on market data (observable inputs) and the Company’s own assumptions (unobservable inputs). Observable inputs are those that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.
This guidance further identifies fair value as the exchange price, or exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants based on the highest and best use of the asset or liability. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability. The Company uses valuation techniques to measure fair value that maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. These inputs are prioritized as follows:
Level 1 inputs—Unadjusted observable quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2 inputs—Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
Level 3 inputs—Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market.
To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. Accordingly, the degree of judgment exercised by the Company in determining fair value is greatest for instruments
categorized in Level 3. A financial instrument’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The Company evaluates assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring and nonrecurring basis to determine the appropriate level to classify them for each reporting period.
Cash equivalents include money market funds with original maturities of 90 days or less from the date of purchase. The fair value measurement of these assets is based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets and, therefore, these assets are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and classified as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. As of December 31, 2019 and 2020, cash equivalents held in money market funds totaled $31,060 and $29,369, respectively.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2020, the Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant other observable inputs (Level 2) or on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).
As discussed further in Note 7, in connection with the Series A Preferred Stock financing, the Company issued a call option to the Series A Preferred Stock investor that allowed the investor to purchase additional shares of Preferred Stock (the “Share Purchase Option”). The call option expired two years from the date of issuance. The Company recorded the fair value of the Share Purchase Option at fair value on the date of issuance. Fair value of the Share Purchase Option was evaluated each reporting period and changes in fair value were recorded in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss up through the date of exercise in February 2019. See Note 7 for further discussion on the accounting for the Share Purchase Option.
The Company determined the fair value of the Share Purchase Options using Level 3 inputs during the year ended December 31, 2019.
Foreign Currency Translation Foreign Currency TranslationThe Group operates in a multi-currency environment having transactions in such currencies as the U.S. dollar, Russian rubles, Czech koruna, euros, and others. The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, with the exception of Prowly, where the functional currency is the local currency, the Zloty. The foreign currency translation adjustment as it relates to Prowly was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For all other entities, foreign currency transactions are measured initially in the functional currency of the recording entity by use of the exchange rate in effect at that date. At each subsequent balance sheet date, foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities of these international subsidiaries are remeasured into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date or historical rates, as appropriate. Any differences resulting from the remeasurement of foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities of the international subsidiaries to the U.S. dollar functional currency are recorded within other income (expense) in the unaudited condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Foreign Currency TranslationThe Group operates in a multi-currency environment having transactions in such currencies as the U.S. dollar, Russian rubles, Czech koruna, euros, and others. The reporting currency of the Company is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar, with the exception of Prowly.com Sp.z o.o. (“Prowly”), where the functional currency is the local currency, the Zloty. The foreign currency translation adjustment as it relates to Prowly was immaterial for the year ended December 31, 2020. For all other entities, foreign currency transactions are measured initially in the functional currency of the recording entity by use of the exchange rate in effect at that date. At each subsequent balance sheet date, foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities of these international subsidiaries are remeasured into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date or historical rates, as appropriate. Any differences resulting from the remeasurement of foreign denominated assets and liabilities of the international subsidiaries to the U.S. dollar functional currency are recorded within other income (expense) in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss.
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Net income (loss) per share information is determined using the two-class method, which includes the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period and other securities that participate in dividends (a participating security). Prior to the completion of the IPO, the Company considered the shares of Preferred Stock to be participating securities because they include rights to participate in dividends with the common stock. As of September 30, 2021, the Company did not have any participating securities outstanding.
Under the two-class method, basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the more dilutive of (1) the two-class
method or (2) the if-converted method. The Company allocates net income first to preferred stockholders based on dividend rights under the Company’s certificate of incorporation and then to preferred and common stockholders based on ownership interests. Net losses are not allocated to preferred stockholders as they do not have an obligation to share in the Company’s net losses.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company amended its certificate of incorporation to create two classes of common stock outstanding: Class A common stock and Class B common stock. As more fully described in Note 9, the rights of the holders of Class A and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one (1) vote per share and each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten (10) votes per share. Each share of Class B common stock is convertible into one share of Class A common stock at the option of the holder at any time. Shares of Class B common stock are automatically converted into Class A common stock upon sale or transfer, subject to certain limited exceptions. Shares of Class A common stock are not convertible. See Note 9 to these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the current conversion and transfer terms of the Company’s common stock. The Company allocates undistributed earnings attributable to common stock between the common stock classes on a one to one basis when computing net income (loss) per share. As a result, basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of Class A common stock and share of Class B common stock are equivalent.
Diluted net income (loss) per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities. Potential dilutive securities consist of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options, shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, and shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock awards (RSAs) or restricted stock units (RSUs).
For the three months ended September 30, 2021 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents has been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the net losses incurred for these periods.
Net Loss Per Share
Net loss per share information is determined using the two-class method, which includes the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period and other securities that participate in dividends (a participating security). The Company considers the shares of Preferred Stock to be participating securities because they include rights to participate in dividends with the common stock.
Under the two-class method, basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is computed using the more dilutive of (1) the two-class method or (2) the if-converted method. The Company allocates net income first to the holders of the Preferred Stock based on dividend rights under the Company’s certificate of incorporation and then to preferred and common stockholders based on ownership interests. Net losses are not allocated to preferred stockholders as they do not have an obligation to share in the Company’s net losses.
Diluted net loss per share gives effect to all potentially dilutive securities. Potential dilutive securities consist of shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of stock options, shares of common stock
issuable upon the conversion of the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, and shares of common stock issuable upon the vesting of restricted stock awards.For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2020, the net loss attributable to common stockholders is divided by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period to calculate diluted earnings per share. The dilutive effect of common stock equivalents has been excluded from the calculation as their effect would have been anti-dilutive due to the net losses incurred for the period.
Comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of two components: net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss), which includes other changes in stockholders’ deficit that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders. An immaterial cumulative translation adjustment related to the Prowly entity has been excluded from other comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. There were no components of other comprehensive income to report for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2021; accordingly, comprehensive income (loss) equaled the total net income (loss) for all periods presented.
Comprehensive lossComprehensive loss is comprised of two components: net loss and other comprehensive loss, which includes other changes in stockholders’ deficit that result from transactions and economic events other than those with stockholders.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize most leases on the balance sheet but recognize expenses on the income statement in a manner similar to current practice. The update states that a lessee will recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying assets for the lease term. Leases will continue to be classified as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease. For public entities, ASU 2016-02 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019. For non-public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires that credit losses be reported as an allowance using an expected losses model, representing the entity's current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred. The accounting guidance currently in effect is based on an incurred loss model. ASU 2016-13 affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For non-public companies, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the year ending December 31, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating ASU 2016-13 and the potential impact on its condensed consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangible-Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). ASU 2018-15 updates guidance regarding accounting for implementation costs associated with a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments under
ASU 2018-15 are effective for public entities for years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those years. For non-public companies, ASU 2081-15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the annual period ending December 31, 2021. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing several exceptions in the current standard and adding guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, such as requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. For public companies, the ASU is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. For non-public companies, the new standard is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the annual period ending December 31, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its condensed consolidated financial statements.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB or other standard setting bodies and adopted by the Company as of the specified effective date. Unless otherwise discussed, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued standards that are not yet effective will not have a material impact on its financial position or results of operations upon adoption.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 requires a lessee to recognize most leases on the balance sheet but recognize expenses on the income statement in a manner similar to current practice. The update states that a lessee will recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying assets for the lease term. Leases will continue to be classified as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the recognition, measurement, and presentation of expenses and cash flows arising from a lease. For public entities, ASU 2016-02 is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2019. For non-public companies, ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021 and interim periods in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires that credit losses be reported as an allowance using an expected losses model, representing the entity’s current estimate of credit losses expected to be incurred. The accounting guidance currently in effect is based on an incurred loss model. ASU 2016-13 affect loans, debt securities, trade receivables, net investments in leases, off balance sheet credit exposures, reinsurance receivables, and any other financial assets not excluded from the scope that have the contractual right to receive cash. ASU 2016-13 is effective for public entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For non-public companies, ASU 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company is currently
evaluating ASU 2016-13 and the potential impact on its consolidated financial statements and financial statement disclosures.
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangible-Goodwill and Other Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40). ASU 2018-15 updates guidance regarding accounting for implementation costs associated with a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. The amendments under ASU 2018-15 are effective for public entities for years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those years. For non-public companies, ASU 2081-15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.
In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes – Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. The new guidance simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing several exceptions in the current standard and adding guidance to reduce complexity in certain areas, such as requiring that an entity reflect the effect of an enacted change in tax laws or rates in the annual effective tax rate computation in the interim period that includes the enactment date. For public companies, the ASU is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those years, with early adoption permitted. For non-public companies, the new standard is effective for years beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company plans to adopt this guidance in the year ended December 31, 2021. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements.