Note 1.2 provides information about the Group’s structure, including details of the subsidiaries and the holding company. The following provides the total amount of transactions that have been entered into with related parties for the relevant financial year.

Dr. Knolle, who served as Chief Scientific Officer and Chief Operating Officer since the Company's inception up to September 30, 2023, was a member of the board of Charité Research Organisation GmbH, or Charité CRO until February 28, 2022. The Company has entered into a service contract with Charité CRO according to which Charité CRO provides services supporting research for the Company. In fiscal year 2023, payments to Charité CRO with respect to this service contract amounted to €0.5 million.

Key management personnel compensation


	2025		2024		2023
	€		€		€
Short term employee benefits		5,393,637		5,291,290		4,467,603
Post employee benefits		262,245		263,873		189,996
Share-based payments		12,217,044		9,012,222		6,252,492
Total		17,872,926		14,567,385		10,910,091

At 31 December 2025, 2024 and 2023, no short-term employee benefits have been capitalized.

The Group engages a management entity for the purpose of providing key management services and/or strategic advisory services to the Company. This management entity is considered a related party, as it provides key management advisory services and exercises key management functions. The aggregate amount of expense recognized in the consolidated statements of loss and comprehensive loss related to this related party for the 2025, 2024 and 2023 fiscal years were €0.7 million, €0.8 million and €0.6 million, respectively.

During 2023, Dr. Jochen Knolle received €0.5 million under his consulting agreement with the Company, while serving as the Company’s Chief Scientific Officer (“CSO”). In late 2023, he relinquished the CSO title but remains a consultant.

At December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the aggregate amounts payable to key management personnel were €1.6 million, €1.5 million and €1.4 million, respectively.