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Share-based compensation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Share-Based Payment Arrangements [Abstract]  
Share-based compensation Share-based compensation
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2022
$$
Stock options566 397 
DSUs229 204 
RSUs437 449 
ESPP35 44 
1,267 1,094 

There were no PSUs issued and outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.
The following table presents share-based compensation expense by function for the three months ended March 31:
Three months ended March 31,
2023
2022
$$
Cost of revenue25 107 
General and administrative733 675 
Sales and marketing445 346 
Research and development64 (34)
1,267 1,094 
The changes in the number of stock options during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 were as follows:
2023
2022
Number of optionsWeighted average exercise priceNumber of optionsWeighted average exercise price
#C$#C$
Options outstanding – January 11,349,001 13.60 1,283,088 12.00 
Options granted207,127 52.38 34,667 54.26 
Options forfeited(11,915)46.32 (1,897)16.00 
Options exercised(8,735)16.00 (34,853)34.62 
Options outstanding – March 31
1,535,478 18.56 1,281,005 12.52 
Options exercisable – March 31
1,003,393 4.83 891,286 3.84 
The weighted average fair value of share options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was estimated at the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following inputs:
2023
2022
C$C$
Weighted average stock price valuation$52.38 $54.26 
Weighted average exercise price$52.38 $54.26 
Risk-free interest rate2.98 %2.03 %
Expected life in years4.56.25
Expected dividend yield— %— %
Volatility65 %61 %
Weighted average fair value of options issued$28.26 $31.67 
The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding as at March 31, 2023:
Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Exercise price rangeNumber outstandingWeighted average remaining contractual life (years)Exercise price rangeNumber exercisable
C$##C$#
0.0001 - 1.09
784,368 4.21
0.0001 - 1.09
784,368 
8.86 - 11.06
51,811 7.71
8.86 - 11.06
35,126 
15.79 - 16.00
246,312 6.53
15.79 - 16.00
139,060 
26.43 - 95.12
452,987 7.57
26.43 - 95.12
44,839 
1,535,478 5.571,003,393 

The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding as at March 31, 2022:
Options outstandingOptions exercisable
Exercise price rangeNumber outstandingWeighted average remaining contractual life (years)Exercise price rangeNumber exercisable
C$##C$#
0.0001 - 1.09
784,368 5.21
0.0001 - 1.09
748,368 
8.86 - 11.06
54,553 8.47
8.86 - 11.06
23,826 
15.79 - 16.00
275,697 7.53
15.79 - 16.00
100,509 
26.43 - 95.12
166,387 9.33
26.43 - 95.12
18,583 
1,281,005 6.39891,286 
DSUs

The following table presents information concerning the number of DSUs granted by the Company:
#
DSUs – December 31, 2022
87,222 
Granted (at C$43.93 per unit)
1,862 
DSUs - March 31, 2023
89,084 
RSUs

The following table presents information concerning the number of RSUs granted by the Company:
#
RSUs – December 31, 2022
103,626 
Granted (at C$52.38 per unit)
111,724 
Released (at C$54.26 - $86.38 per unit)
(5,249)
Forfeited (at C$54.26 - $86.38 per unit)
(3,509)
RSUs - March 31, 2023
206,592