Government funding

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2022

The Company has received government grants and investment tax credits from the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario for research and development activities, as set forth below:


For the years ended October 31,	2022		2021		2020
Research and development expenses, gross	$	1.7	$	2.7	$	2.8
Less: Government grants	—		—		(2.0)

Research and development expenses, net	$	1.7	$	2.7	$	0.8

In addition, for twelve months ended October 31, 2022, the Company has received $nil in other government grants recognized as an offset against employee salaries and benefits expenses (2021: $0.1 million, 2020: $0.2 million).