Government funding

12 Months Ended

Oct. 31, 2021

Statement [Line Items]

Government funding

21. Government funding

The Company has received government grants and investment tax credits from the Government of Canada and the Government of Ontario for research and development activities, as set forth below:

	October 31, 2021		October 31, 2020		October 31, 2019
	$		$		$
Research and development expenses, gross	2,694,999		2,809,537		3,134,468
Less: Government grants	(32,427	)	(2,032,869	)	(629,346	)
Less: Investment tax credits	—		—		(393,464	)
Research and development expenses, net	2,662,572		776,668		2,111,658

In addition, for twelve months ended October 31, 2021, the Company has received $60,499 in other government grants recognized as an offset against employee salaries and benefits expenses (2020: $168,027, 2019:$10,916).