Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of Vigil Neuroscience, Inc. of our report dated October 8, 2021, except for the effects of the reverse stock split discussed in Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements, as to which the date is January 3, 2022, relating to the financial statements, which appears in this Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

January 3, 2022