INCOME TAXES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

INCOME TAXES

13. INCOME TAXES

For the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, loss before income tax provision consisted of the following:

	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Domestic operations - Canada	$	(11,753,662	)	$	(6,202,837	)
Foreign operations - United States		(1,119,440	)		(440,279	)
Total loss before taxes	$	(12,873,102	)	$	(6,643,116	)

Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following for the years ended December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Loss before taxes	$	(12,873,102	)	$	(6,643,116	)
Statutory tax rate		27.00	%		27.00	%
Income taxes at the statutory rate	$	(3,475,738	)	$	(1,793,641	)
Change in fair value of derivative liabilities		(1,032,824	)		(321,674	)
Non-deductible accretion interest		747,719			-
Stock-based compensation		484,035			253,556
Share issue costs		(108,685	)		(112,812	)
Foreign currency translation		298,876			-
Other		63,035			111,874
Total	$	(3,023,582	)	$	(1,862,697	)
Change in valuation allowance	$	3,023,582		$	1,862,697
Total income tax expense (benefit)	$	-		$	-

The Company is subject to Canadian federal and provincial tax for the estimated assessable profit for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 at a rate of 27%.

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that we will not realize those tax assets through future operations. Significant components of the Company’s deferred taxes are as follows:

	December 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Deferred tax assets:
Unused net operating losses carry forward - Canada and United States	$	7,572,932		$	4,459,457
Unused capital losses carry forward		-			40,962
Share issue costs		130,732			174,377
Other		(5,286	)		-
Total deferred tax assets		7,698,378			4,674,796
Valuation allowance		(7,698,378	)		(4,674,796	)
	$	-		$	-

The Company has non-capital losses of $25.8 million as of December 31, 2022 and $15.7 million as of December 31, 2021, which are due to expire between 2038 and 2042 and which can be used to offset future taxable income in Canada. For foreign operations in United States, aggregate net operating losses are $2.2 million as of December 31, 2022 and $0.9 million as of December 31, 2021 which can be carried forward indefinitely. The Company has no capital losses of as of December 31, 2022 and $0.2 million as of December 31, 2021. Non-Capital Losses in Canada can be carried forward after change of ownership, if the particular business which gave rise to the loss is carried on by the company for profit or with a reasonable expectation of profit. Certain accumulated net operating losses in United States are subject to an annual limitation from equity shifts, which constitute a change of ownership as defined under Internal Revenue Code (“IRC”) Section 382. These rules will limit the utilization of the losses.

The Company files income tax returns in Canada and the United States and is subject to examination in these jurisdictions for all years since the Company’s inception in 2017. As at December 31, 2022, no tax authority audits are currently underway.

The Company currently has no uncertain tax position and is therefore not reflecting any adjustments.