As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 6, 2021.

Registration No. 333-251427

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

Amendment No. 1 to

FORM S-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

Poshmark, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	5961	27-4827617
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

203 Redwood Shores Parkway, 8^th Floor

Redwood City, California 94065

(650) 262-4771

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Manish Chandra

Chief Executive Officer

Poshmark, Inc.

203 Redwood Shores Parkway, 8^th Floor

Redwood City, California 94065

(650) 262-4771

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Anthony J. McCusker Heidi E. Mayon Goodwin Procter LLP 601 Marshall Street Redwood City, California 94063 (650) 752-3100 Anan Kashyap Poshmark, Inc. 203 Redwood Shores Parkway, 8^th Floor Redwood City, California 94065 (650) 262-4771 Alan F. Denenberg Emily Roberts Davis Polk & Wardwell LLP 1600 El Camino Real Menlo Park, CA 94025 (650) 752-2000

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933 check the following box.  ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ☐

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

Title of Each Class of Securities to be Registered	Amount to be Registered(1)	Proposed Maximum Offering Price Per Share(2)	Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)(2)	Amount of Registration Fee(3)
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share	7,590,000	$39.00	$296,010,000	$32,295

(1) Includes 990,000 shares of Class A common stock that the underwriters have the option to purchase.

(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of computing the amount of the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(a) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

(3) The Registrant previously paid $10,910 of the registration fee with a prior filing of this registration statement.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. These securities may not be sold until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell nor does it seek an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)

Dated January 6, 2021

6,600,000 Shares

Poshmark, Inc.

Class A Common Stock

This is an initial public offering of shares of Class A common stock of Poshmark, Inc.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Class A common stock. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price per share will be between $35.00 and $39.00. We have applied to list the Class A common stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “POSH.”

We have two classes of common stock, Class A common stock and Class B common stock. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to 10 votes and is convertible at any time into one share of Class A common stock. The holders of our outstanding Class B common stock will hold approximately 98.8% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock following this offering, with our directors and executive officers and their affiliates holding approximately 45.1%.

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined under the federal securities laws, and, as such, we have elected to comply with reduced reporting requirements for this prospectus and may elect to do so in future filings.

See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 15 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of the Class A common stock.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

	Per Share	Total
Initial public offering price	$	$
Underwriting discount(1)	$	$
Proceeds, before expenses, to Poshmark	$	$

(1) See the section titled “Underwriting” for additional information regarding compensation payable to the underwriters.

At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 330,000 shares of Class A common stock, or up to 5.0% of the shares offered by us in this offering, for sale at the initial public offering price through a directed share program to eligible Posh Ambassadors and certain individuals identified by our directors and officers. See the section titled “Underwriting—Directed Share Program” for additional information.

To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 6,600,000 shares of Class A common stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 990,000 shares from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount.

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on                 , 2021.

MORGAN STANLEY GOLDMAN SACHS & CO. LLC BARCLAYS

STIFEL WILLIAM BLAIR RAYMOND JAMES COWEN JMP SECURITIES

                    , 2021

OUR MISSION IS TO PUT PEOPLE AT THE HEART OF COMMERCE, EMPOWERING EVERYONE TO THRIVE 70M TOTAL USERS (1) $4B TOTAL GMV (1) 130M+ ITEMS SOLD (1) 20.5B SOCIAL INTERACTIONS (2) (1) CUMULATIVE SINCE INCEPTION. (2) IN 2019.

SOCIAL INTERACTIONS LIST SELLERS EARN SHIP SHOP BUYERS DISCOVER HOW WORKS

POWERED BY PEOPLE

POSH MOM POSH DAD POSH PARTY

POWERED BY TECHNOLOGY

DATA-DRIVEN FEED ALGORITHMS TO DELIVER PERSONALIZED SHOPPING EXPERIENCES SOCIAL AMPLIFICATION ENGINE TO DRIVE DISCOVERY AND SALES POSH POST SIMPLIFIED SHIPPING TO PROVIDE FAST AND HASSLE·FREE LOGISTICS PROPRIETARY BUYING AND SELLING TOOLS TO DRIVE REAL·TIME ENGAGEMENT AND CONVERSION POSH PROTECT VERIFICATION SERVICES TO ENSURE USER SATISFICATION

WELCOME TO THE FUTURE OF SHOPPING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus

Prospectus Summary	1
Risk Factors	15
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements	46
Market, Industry, and Other Data	48
Use of Proceeds	49
Dividend Policy	50
Capitalization	51
Dilution	54
Selected Consolidated Financial Data	57
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	60
Letter from Manish Chandra, Founder and Chief Executive Officer	92
Business	94
Management	115
Executive Compensation	123
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions	133
Principal Stockholders	138
Description of Capital Stock	141
Shares Eligible for Future Sale	147
Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations for Non-U.S. Holders	153
Underwriting	157
Legal Matters	170
Experts	170
Newly Appointed Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	171
Additional Information	171
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements	F-1
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	F-35

Through and including                     , 2021 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

Neither we nor any of the underwriters have authorized anyone to provide any information or make any representations other than those contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We and the underwriters take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of Class A common stock only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of the Class A common stock. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects may have changed since such date.

For investors outside of the United States: Neither we nor any of the underwriters have done anything that would permit this offering or possession or distribution of this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required, other than in the United States. You are required to inform yourselves about, and to observe any restrictions relating to, this offering and the distribution of this prospectus outside of the United States.

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Glossary

Unless we otherwise indicate, or unless the context requires otherwise, any references in this prospectus to the following key business terms have the respective meaning set forth below:

“Active Buyers” are users who have purchased at least one item on our marketplace in the trailing 12 months preceding the measurement date, regardless of returns and cancellations.

“Active Sellers” are users who have listed an item on our marketplace in the trailing 12 months preceding the measurement date.

“Active Users” are users who have logged on to our marketplace in the trailing 12 months preceding the measurement date.

“Average order value” is the average value of all orders placed on our marketplace in a given period, prior to returns and cancellations, and excluding shipping and sales taxes.

“Baby Boomers” is the generation consisting of consumers in the U.S. and Canada born between 1946 and 1964.

“Gen X” is the generation consisting of consumers in the U.S. and Canada born between 1965 and 1979.

“Gen Z” is the generation consisting of consumers in the U.S. and Canada born between 1996 and 2010.

“GMV” is gross merchandise value, meaning the total dollar value of transactions on our platform in a given period, prior to returns and cancellations, and excluding shipping and sales taxes.

“Millennials” is the generation consisting of consumers in the U.S. and Canada born between 1980 and 1995.

“New user” is a user who registered on Poshmark with a unique email address that was not previously registered.

“Order” is the number of total orders on our marketplace in a given period, prior to returns and cancellations.

“Social interactions” are defined as likes, comments, shares, offers, and follows on our marketplace.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights selected information that is presented in greater detail elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our Class A common stock. You should read this entire prospectus carefully, including the sections titled “Risk Factors,” “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus, before making an investment decision. Unless the context otherwise requires, the terms “Poshmark,” “the company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” in this prospectus refer to Poshmark, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

POSHMARK, INC.

Mission

Our mission is to put people at the heart of commerce, empowering everyone to thrive.

Overview

We are a social marketplace that combines the human connection of a physical shopping experience with the scale, reach, ease, and selection benefits of eCommerce. In doing so, we bring the power of community to buying and selling online. We created Poshmark in 2011 to make buying and selling simple, social, and fun. Pairing technology with the inherent human desire to socialize, our marketplace creates passion and personal connections among users. In 2019, our Active Users spent an average of 27 minutes a day on our marketplace browsing, shopping, buying, selling, and connecting with each other via 20.5 billion social interactions. We dynamically curate our marketplace into lifestyle categories that our users love, including apparel, accessories, footwear, home, and beauty. Powered by our proprietary technology, our social marketplace is purpose-built to enable simple transactions, seamless logistics, and an engaging experience at scale. As of September 30, 2020, there were over 201 million secondhand and new items for sale across 9,431 brands on our marketplace. As of September 30, 2020, we had 31.7 million Active Users, 6.2 million Active Buyers, and 4.5 million Active Sellers.

We empower people to sell a few items or to become successful entrepreneurs by providing them with end-to-end seller tools. We refer to this as “making selling a superpower.” Our comprehensive infrastructure makes it easy for sellers, from casual consumers to professional sellers, brands, and retailers, to build their businesses with seamless listing, merchandising, promotion, pricing, and shipping. Sellers use content, inventory selection, and social interactions to monetize their listings. Our transparent fee structure aligns our success with the success of our sellers. Our fee is 20% of the final price for sales $15 and over, or a flat rate of $2.95 for sales under $15. We attract, engage, and retain sellers by creating a vibrant community where sellers can use their personal passion for economic empowerment.

Our social features make the discovery and purchase process simple and enticing for buyers, fostering high engagement and retention. In 2019, 87% of items purchased were preceded by a like, comment, or offer on our marketplace. We enable buyers to discover, connect, and curate their network and news feed with that of other users who share similar styles and personal preferences, creating a fun shopping experience. Our marketplace is vast, with sellers listing millions of secondhand and new items across multiple categories. We use data-driven personalization to customize each user’s feed to feature the most relevant listings and make it easy to quickly search for and find products of interest. Furthermore, sellers list a variety of items across all price points, with the added benefit of being able to negotiate offers directly with buyers seeking to optimize their budget, allowing sellers to manage their listings to achieve their individual objectives. Because our marketplace features a massive selection of secondhand items, buyers are also able to support their personal style while minimizing their environmental impact.

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The scale of our community of users, buyers, and sellers creates network effects that drive growth in our social marketplace. We make it easy for buyers and sellers to build and deepen relationships through a variety of social mechanisms designed to foster social interactions, create community, and drive engagement. As users join our community, they interact with one another and build personal networks through likes, comments, shares, follows, offers, and purchases. Each day in 2019, there were, on average, over 56 million social interactions on our marketplace, including 38 million shares. In 2019, we also saw a 34% increase in social interactions per Active User as compared to 2018. This engagement attracts new sellers who, in turn, increase the breadth and depth on our marketplace, and ultimately attract more buyers. Buyers often convert to becoming sellers after experiencing the ease and value of selling on our marketplace. At any time, a user may be a buyer, a seller, or both. This high velocity flywheel of community engagement drives strong monetization potential and an attractive business model with efficient user acquisition dynamics. Of all buyers who activated between 2012 and 2018, 34% of these buyers also activated as sellers by year end 2019, and of all sellers who activated between 2012 and 2018, 39% of these sellers activated as buyers by year end 2019. In addition, in 2019, 48% of sellers used a portion of their earnings on our marketplace to make a purchase on our marketplace in the same year.

Proprietary technology and data underpin our community, social marketplace, logistics, and payments. Our eCommerce technology allows seamless, secure transaction capabilities in a highly distributed network across millions of buyers and sellers, without having to touch or own physical inventory. We rely on data science to personalize every user’s feed while offering powerful, easy to use tools to drive seller success. The result is a unique ecosystem built for social commerce, which leverages social tools to humanize the online shopping experience and harnesses community engagement, while providing an integrated end-to-end system across the transaction cycle, from shopping to shipping.

The engagement of our community has fueled strong growth in our business, supported by attractive unit economics and efficient user acquisition. We do not own or manage inventory as all products are listed, managed, sold, and shipped by our sellers, utilizing our transaction tools that makes the selling process seamless and easy. This asset-light model creates scalability and favorable working capital dynamics. As of September 30, 2020, our community has generated $4.0 billion in GMV since 2011, with $1.3 billion in the four quarters ended September 30, 2020 and $1.0 billion in the four quarters ended September 30, 2019, representing a 30% growth rate. We win when our sellers win; we earn our revenue based on a simple fee from each successful transaction that is conducted on our marketplace. In the four quarters ended September 30, 2020, we had revenue of $247.5 million and we generated net income of $6.2 million, and Adjusted EBITDA of $17.5 million. In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, we had GMV of $375.4 million, revenue of $68.8 million, net income of $10.8 million, and Adjusted EBITDA of $15.0 million.

The Future of Online Shopping is Social

While eCommerce offers substantial improvements to buyers over in-person shopping, namely the easy access to unparalleled scale and diversity of brands, styles, and price points, the personalization element remains a challenge. The sheer scale of online inventory can often overwhelm potential customers. Despite some advances in personalization, the online buyer experience is still largely one-way and transactional.

In the offline shopping experience, product discovery is inherently social. Shoppers are seeking the same in the digital world and increasingly turn to one another for recommendations and validation online. Social technology platforms take a central role facilitating personal, meaningful interactions at scale through photos and discovery-based content. In addition, consumers increasingly favor resale shopping, fueled by the desire for sustainable consumption and increased orientation towards value.

From the seller perspective, people continue to find ways to pursue their passions with a digital “side-hustle” or as digital entrepreneurs. The growing demand for social shopping online creates a meaningful

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opportunity for sellers to expand their potential customer base from local to global, with the data-driven ability to reach, acquire, and retain buyers.

The Poshmark Solution

Poshmark makes buying and selling simple, social, and fun.

Benefits to Buyers

Social and fun. Our shopping experience flourishes because of authentic human connection. We enable our buyers to grow their personal networks on our marketplace, driving positive social feedback, long-term engagement, and repeat purchases. Our community builds relationships through a variety of social actions and encourages sellers to style and promote each other’s items. Through Likes, Posh Parties, conversations, styling “Bundles,” and negotiations, we have brought the benefits of the real-world shopping experience online.

Simple and personalized. Our marketplace makes shopping and buying easy and accessible. Users access our marketplace on numerous devices, with a simple payment and shipping process and a consistent buying experience across the platform. Buyers can benefit from personalized experiences with sellers who understand their individual style, sizing, and fit. Our sellers offer a vast assortment of items, over 201 million as of September 30, 2020, and we offer the data-driven ability to sift through all of it and personalize the experience for each user. Sellers often send personal, handwritten notes to buyers along with their item, while buyers often write digital “love notes,” commenting on the purchase or seller experience.

Value shopping with breadth and depth. Our marketplace allows buyers to optimize the best value for them. Sellers offer a vast assortment of secondhand and new items at value price points enabling shoppers to easily find and purchase any style, including everyday items as well as hard-to-find items. The average order value on our marketplace in 2019 was $33.

Win-win for environment and enduring style. Shopping on our marketplace allows members of our community to support their commitment to environmental sustainability across multiple products and brands that fit their personal style. We believe this trend will grow, particularly as the next generation of consumers age and have growing disposable income.

Benefits to Sellers

Easy and simple to rotate a closet or build and grow a business. End-to-end tools make selling a superpower through robust listing, fulfillment, and customer support capabilities. Underpinned by our proprietary technology, our millions of sellers can easily list their inventory in real time and connect with buyers. We offer an integrated stack for running a full-scale online shop from a mobile phone, supported by end-to-end marketplace tools for order fulfillment. The simplicity of this selling experience makes it possible for anyone to engage with buyers and sell on our marketplace, whether it is individuals cleaning out their closets, professional sellers building their own brands, local boutiques expanding online, merchants engaging other merchants, or brands and retailers building their online social store presence. Since 2011, our sellers have delivered more than $4.0 billion in GMV as of September 30, 2020.

Ability to build a personal brand and loyal customers. Sellers use their personal passion to feature content, select and style inventory, and engage in social interactions to monetize their listings and drive the growth of their businesses. In 2019 our community engaged in 20.5 billion social interactions on our marketplace. As of September 30, 2020, sellers on average had 359 followers, and the most-followed seller had more than 2.7 million. Sellers can create a personal brand and ongoing relationships with buyers on our marketplace, and

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this social feedback helps keep sellers engaged. This is a powerful feature of our marketplace and has enabled entrepreneurial sellers to launch their businesses and build their own brands quickly and cost effectively, while empowering brands and retailers to deepen their interaction and engagement with our loyal customer base.

Built-in demand based on community scale and engagement. As our business has grown, we have invested in new technology and capabilities to allow our sellers to reach and engage with more users and buyers. We market and enable sellers to market their items through social tools so that sellers do not need to spend money on marketing to drive traffic to their listings. In 2019, 87% of items purchased were preceded by a like, comment, or offer on our marketplace, and our community of over 30 million Active Users spent an average of 27 minutes per day on our marketplace.

Transparent business model and pricing. Our business model is simple. We make money when our sellers make money on our marketplace. We charge a transparent fee based on the final sale price of an item: 20% of the final price for sales $15 and over, or a flat rate of $2.95 for sales under $15. There are no other fees that the seller pays to sell on our marketplace.

Our Market Opportunity

Three key trends are driving the future of retail: the shift to online, the shift to social, and the shift to secondhand. Many of these trends are led by younger generations who continue to grow their spending power as they age.

The retail industry is undergoing significant transformation as consumer preferences shift away from traditional, physical retail in favor of the selection and convenience of eCommerce. The online U.S. apparel and footwear market is estimated at $90 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at a 10% compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, to $131 billion by 2023, according to Statista. This growth represents increasing online penetration of the total U.S. apparel and footwear market from 20% in 2019 to 26% in 2023.

Consumers are also shifting to more engaging and personalized experiences, fueled by the rapid growth of social platforms. According to Pew Research, in 2011, 50% of U.S. adults used social media, and in 2019 the share had risen to 72% of all adults, including 90% of those aged 18–29, and 82% of those aged 30–49. The proliferation of social platforms has created a new opportunity for commerce. According to our Social Commerce Report that we commissioned from Zogby Analytics in 2019 and 2020, 57% of our users use friends, family, and word-of-mouth to discover new brands, and 42% of our users use influencers. According to that report, 55% of Gen Z consumers rely on influencers on social platforms to discover new brands.

Secondhand and resale also continue to grow as consumers, particularly younger generations, adopt efforts to reduce overall consumption and support a more sustainable economy. According to that report, an estimated 16% of the Gen Z consumer closet is secondhand, compared to 10% of the Baby Boomer closet. Shoppers are turning to platforms to extend the lifecycle of clothing, creating a more sustainable future. According to that report, 72% of our U.S. users often consider an item’s resale value before purchasing, and that when unable to return an item online, 93% of our U.S. users would sell it online. The online U.S. resale market for apparel and footwear is estimated to have been $7 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow to an estimated $26 billion in 2023, according to a report we commissioned by GlobalData in 2020. Shopping secondhand also provides shoppers with the opportunity to access a wide variety of brands and price points in a sustainable way. Consumers are increasingly seeking to diversify their fashion choices, from luxury brands, to mainstream retailers, to emerging online brands, a trend we expect to continue.

Our social marketplace has grown rapidly due to these trends, and is well-positioned to address the future of shopping online in the U.S. apparel and footwear market. Over the long-term, we have the opportunity to address

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additional categories of retail and serve a broader global population. The online global apparel and footwear market is estimated at $422 billion in 2019 and is expected to grow at an 11% CAGR to $636 billion by 2023, according to Statista.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that we have a number of competitive advantages that will enable us to maintain and expand our position as a leading social marketplace, including:

• Diverse, highly engaged, and loyal community built on genuine human connection. Our community is diverse and spans age and geography in the United States and Canada. Our users live in big cities and small towns and engage with each other across geographies to discover, list, buy, and sell items across all price points. As of December 31, 2019, 83% of Active Users were female, and 80% were Millennials or Gen Z. In 2019, Active Users also spent an average of 27 minutes a day on our marketplace. This is evidence of the high engagement and strong network effect of our community. Active Buyers placed 6.3 orders on average on our platform in 2019.

• Vast, curated social marketplace. Our marketplace offers a vast and diverse collection of resale and new items. Our sellers offer a wide variety of items, from a $20 casual dress to a $1,000 luxury handbag, from kids’ shoes to menswear, from home decor to beauty products and rare sneakers. Our sellers provide a uniquely curated, constantly refreshed selection that they share with our community. Our algorithms personalize each user’s feed to feature the most relevant listings. Buyers can also quickly and easily search for specific items or categories. The dynamic nature of the product listings on our marketplace and the freshness of the curated assortments offered by our sellers further increase engagement on our marketplace.

• End-to-end social marketplace services provide a seamless buying and selling experience. Our end-to-end solutions are designed to connect buyers with sellers, promote listings, enable easy shipping, and grow sales. We provide buyers with the ability to meaningfully engage with sellers via socially curated content, video sharing capabilities, and personal styling. We also offer comprehensive marketplace services that make it seamless for sellers to grow their businesses on our marketplace.

• Proprietary technology and data platform designed to enable social interactions and transactions at scale. We have built our proprietary technology and data platform from the ground up and designed it to enable social interactions and transactions at scale, across iOS, Android, and on the web. We have built a complex social graph that helps power each user’s experience on our marketplace. Additionally, our platform allows for real-time updates, with the Poshmark feed refreshing in real time throughout the day with new products, social updates, and recent deals.

• Supports sustainability. We believe our marketplace can be a force for social good and drive more sustainable consumption. Consumers, in particular younger generations, are increasingly focused on sustainability. We deliver on this desire for sustainability by promoting resale, while also helping consumers to make and save money and fuel small business entrepreneurship.

• Visionary, founder-driven management team with complementary strengths. Poshmark is a social marketplace built on love and community. Since day one, this has been the vision of our founders and management team and remains the core tenant of our brand. Furthermore, we prioritize diversity of experience, thought, and background throughout our entire team, to ensure a breadth of complementary skill sets.

Our Growth Strategy

Community is the engine of our business, and our main priority is ensuring that this community continues to grow and transact. Our community provides both the supply and the demand on our social marketplace, which is

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critical to our success. We are therefore focused on expanding the community and fostering the best environment possible for a seamless and enjoyable shopping experience. We focus on the following elements of our strategy to drive our growth:

• Grow our community of Active Users. New users bring incremental social engagement, listings, and transactions to all users which leads to a virtuous cycle—the more Active Users on our platform, the more powerful the network effect. Not only are we focused on growing the community in number, but also in diversity which directly feeds into the breadth of products and social interactions offered on our marketplace.

• Add new product categories. We organize all of the products on our marketplace into distinct, shoppable categories. We anticipate adding new categories to expand our product offering and continue to serve demand from our diverse community.

• Drive innovation to increase engagement and enhance the marketplace. There is a strong correlation between the overall level of engagement on our platform and the frequency of transactions. As a result, we are focused on increasing engagement on our marketplace by adding new discovery elements and continuing to make social interaction with other users simple, useful, and fun. We plan to continue to innovate to increase engagement and make selling easier on our marketplace.

• Expand internationally. The more people we can reach, the greater the benefit to our users. We have designed our global infrastructure to serve a multitude of countries with minimal local support. We believe our marketplace can be successful in additional geographies outside of the United States and Canada, and we plan to strategically expand globally in the future.

• Offer high impact enterprise seller services. Sellers are drawn to our social marketplace because we empower them to succeed. The more we invest in our marketplace, the more we enable our sellers to grow and scale their businesses efficiently, reaching a vast and diverse user base. We intend to enhance our enterprise selling services and continue to attract professional sellers, brands, and retailers to participate on our social marketplace.

Summary Risk Factors

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks highlighted in the section titled “Risk Factors” immediately following this prospectus summary before making an investment decision. We may be unable for many reasons, including those that are beyond our control, to implement our business strategy successfully. Some of these risks are:

• Our continued growth depends on attracting new users and converting users into Active Buyers and Active Sellers. We must continue to encourage sellers to list items for sale and use our services. We must also encourage Active Buyers to return to our platform and frequently purchase items on our marketplace.

• We only recently became profitable and have experienced net losses. We may not be able to sustain our profitability and our revenue growth rate may decline. We experienced net losses of $14.5 million and $48.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. We achieved our first quarter of profitability for the three months ended June 30, 2020. We cannot assure you that we will maintain our profitability in future periods, and we may incur significant losses in future periods.

• The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and will continue to impact, our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

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• Our advertising activity may fail to efficiently drive growth in users, buyers, and sellers, which may not yield increased revenue, and the efficacy of these activities will depend on a number of factors.

• If we fail to manage growth effectively, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

• We rely, in part, on Internet search engines and social networking sites to help drive traffic to our apps and website. If we fail to appear prominently in the search results or fail to drive traffic through paid advertising, our traffic would decline and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

• If we fail to engage our users or innovate, improve and enhance our platform in a manner that responds to our users’ evolving needs, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

• The vibrancy of our community and trustworthiness of our marketplace are important to our success. If we are unable to maintain them, our ability to attract, engage and retain users could suffer.

• If sellers fail to provide a fulfilling experience to buyers, our reputation, business and the strength of our community could be harmed. If sellers fail to provide quality items that are consistent with current fashion trends or the likes of our community, our user growth, retention, and engagement may decline, and our reputation, business, and the strength of our community could be harmed.

• Shipping is a critical part of our business. We currently rely on the United States Postal Service, or the USPS, for our U.S. business and any changes in our shipping arrangements with the USPS or any interruptions in shipping could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, shipping costs are rising faster than the rate of inflation, which could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

If we are unable to adequately address these and other risks we face, our business, results of operations, financial condition, and prospects may be adversely affected.

Channels for Disclosure of Information

Following the completion of this offering, we intend to announce material information to the public through filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, the investor relations page on our website (poshmark.com), press releases, public conference calls, and public webcasts.

Any updates to the list of disclosure channels through which we will announce information will be posted on the investor relations page on our website. Information contained on or accessible through our website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus, and inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only. You should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this prospectus or in deciding whether to purchase shares of our Class A common stock.

Corporate Information

We were incorporated in 2011 as GoshPosh, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and changed our name to Poshmark, Inc. in 2011. Our principal executive offices are located at 203 Redwood Shores Parkway, 8^th Floor, Redwood City, California 94065, and our telephone number is (650) 262-4771. Our website address is www.poshmark.com. Information contained on or that can be accessed through our website does not constitute part of this prospectus and the inclusion of our website address in this prospectus is an inactive textual reference only.

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“Poshmark” is our registered trademark in the United States, Australia, the European Union, Japan, Korea, and the United Kingdom. Other trademarks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, trademarks and tradenames referred to in this prospectus may appear without the ^® or TM symbols.

Emerging Growth Company

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act, or the JOBS Act, was enacted in April 2012 with the intention of encouraging capital formation in the United States and reducing the regulatory burden on newly public companies that qualify as “emerging growth companies.” We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the JOBS Act. As an emerging growth company, we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various public reporting requirements, including the requirement that our internal control over financial reporting be audited by our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, certain requirements related to the disclosure of executive compensation in this prospectus and in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and the requirement that we hold a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and any golden parachute payments. We may take advantage of these exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company.

In addition, under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period until we are no longer an emerging growth company or until we affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to those for companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue; (ii) the date we qualify as a “large accelerated filer,” with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates; (iii) the date on which we have issued, in any three-year period, more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering.

For certain risks related to our status as an emerging growth company, see the section titled “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations—We are an ‘emerging growth company’ and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.”

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THE OFFERING

Class A common stock offered by us 6,600,000 shares

Class A common stock to be outstanding after this offering 8,189,825 shares (or 9,179,825 shares if the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in this offering is exercised in full)

Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering 65,147,377 shares

Option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock offered by us We have granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an additional 990,000 shares of Class A common stock from us.

Total Class A common stock and Class B common stock to be outstanding after this offering 73,337,202 shares (or 74,327,202 shares if the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in this offering is exercised in full)

Use of proceeds We estimate that the net proceeds from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock that we are selling in this offering will be approximately $223.1 million (or approximately $257.2 million if the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares in this offering is exercised in full), based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our financial flexibility, create a public market for our Class A common stock and enable access to the public equity markets for our stockholders and us. We currently intend to use the net proceeds of this offering for working capital and other general corporate purposes, including funding our growth strategies discussed in this prospectus. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds to acquire or invest in products, services, technologies, complementary businesses, or other assets, although we have no commitments or agreements to make such investments or acquisitions. We also intend to use a portion of the net proceeds to satisfy a portion of our anticipated tax withholding and remittance obligations related to the vesting and settlement of restricted stock units, or RSUs, that we have granted. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.

Voting rights Shares of our Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share.

Shares of our Class B common stock are entitled to 10 votes per share.

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Holders of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock will generally vote together as a single class, unless otherwise required by law or our amended and restated certificate of incorporation. The holders of our outstanding Class B common stock will hold approximately 98.8% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock following the completion of this offering and will have the ability to control the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors and the approval of any change in control transaction. See the sections titled “Principal Stockholders” and “Description of Capital Stock” for additional information.

Concentration of ownership Upon completion of this offering, our executive officers and directors, and their affiliates, will beneficially own, in the aggregate, approximately 45.1% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of common stock.

Directed share program At our request, the underwriters have reserved up to 330,000 shares of Class A common stock, or up to 5.0% of the shares offered by us in this offering, for sale at the initial public offering price through a directed share program to eligible Posh Ambassadors and certain individuals identified by our directors and officers. See the section titled “Underwriting—Directed Share Program” for additional information. The number of shares of our Class A common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent that such persons purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares offered by this prospectus. Fidelity Capital Markets LLC, a division of National Financial Services LLC, or Fidelity Investments^®, will administer our directed share program.

See the sections titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions,” “Shares Eligible for Future Sale,” and “Underwriting—Directed Share Program.”

Risk factors See the section titled “Risk Factors” and the other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our Class A common stock.

Proposed Nasdaq Global Select Market trading symbol “POSH”

The number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on no shares of our Class A common stock and 65,147,377 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020, and excludes:

• 7,906,495 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock that were outstanding as of September 30, 2020, with a weighted-average exercise price of $5.05 per share;

• 2,085,818 shares of our common stock subject to RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2020;

• 141,889 shares of our common stock subject to RSUs granted after September 30, 2020;

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• 40,464 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 40,464 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on December 1, 2011, with an exercise price of $0.37 per share;

• 25,588 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 25,588 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on May 10, 2013, with an exercise price of $1.37 per share; and

• 19,531 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 19,531 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on May 22, 2015, with an exercise price of $2.56 per share; and

• 12,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our stock-based compensation plans, to be adopted in connection with this offering, consisting of:

• 10,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, or our 2021 Plan; and

• 2,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or our ESPP.

Our 2021 Plan and ESPP each provide for annual automatic increases in the number of shares reserved thereunder, and our 2021 Plan also provides for increases to the number of shares of Class A common stock that may be granted thereunder based on shares underlying any awards under our 2011 Plan that expire, are forfeited, or are otherwise terminated, as more fully described in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Employee Benefits and Stock Plans.”

Except as otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes:

• the filing and effectiveness of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation in Delaware and the adoption of our amended and restated bylaws, each of which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering;

• the automatic conversion of 52,286,631 shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 into 52,286,631 shares of our Class B common stock, the conversion of which will occur immediately upon to the closing of this offering;

• the issuance of 1,589,825 shares of our Class A common stock upon the automatic conversion of senior unsecured convertible promissory notes in an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million, or the Convertible Notes, upon the closing of this offering, based on a discount to an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus⁽¹⁾;

• the reclassification of our outstanding existing common stock into an equivalent number of shares of our Class B common stock, which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering;

• the automatic conversion of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants to Class B common stock warrants, which will occur immediately upon the closing of this offering; and

• no exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase up to an additional 990,000 shares of Class A common stock from us in this offering.

(1) See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments—Convertible Note Financing” for additional information.

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables summarize our consolidated financial data. We derived the summary consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2019 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2020 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus which have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited data reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the financial information in those statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. The following summary consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
	(in thousands except per share data)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Net revenue	$	148,305		$	205,225		$	150,489		$	192,760
Costs and expenses(1):
Cost of net revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		22,837			34,142			24,345			31,924
Operations and support		20,299			29,879			21,295			27,871
Research and development		15,484			25,033			18,725			22,226
Marketing		88,439			132,470			95,928			65,449
General and administrative		15,464			31,474			23,548			21,321
Depreciation and amortization		802			2,056			1,412			2,130
Total costs and expenses		163,325			255,054			185,253			170,921
(Loss) income from operations		(15,020	)		(49,829	)		(34,764	)		21,839
Interest income		1,096			1,677			1,305			540
Other expense, net
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—			—			—			(516	)
Other, net		(460	)		(366	)		(357	)		(732	)
		(460	)		(366	)		(357	)		(1,248	)
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(14,384	)		(48,518	)		(33,816	)		21,131
Provision for income taxes		91			174			130			225
Net (loss) income	$	(14,475	)	$	(48,692	)	$	(33,946	)	$	20,906
Undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities		—			—			—			(12,776	)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders	$	(14,475	)	$	(48,692	)	$	(33,946	)	$	8,130
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic(2)	$	(1.29	)	$	(4.01	)	$	(2.81	)	$	0.65
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted(2)	$	(1.29	)	$	(4.01	)	$	(2.81	)	$	0.45

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	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
	(in thousands except per share data)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic(2)		11,215			12,151			12,093			12,433
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted(2)		11,215			12,151			12,093			18,016
Pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (unaudited)(2)				$	(0.75	)				$	0.34
Pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (unaudited)(2)				$	(0.75	)				$	0.31
Weighted-average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (unaudited)(2)					64,348						64,813
Weighted-average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (unaudited)(2)					64,348						70,396
Other financial information:
Adjusted EBITDA(3)	$	(11,077	)	$	(37,060	)	$	(24,462	)	$	30,052
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(3)		(7	)%		(18	)%		(16	)%		16	%

(1) Costs and expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2019		2019		2020
Operations and support	$	250	$	689	$	520	$	521
Research and development		775		3,017		2,455		2,028
Marketing		400		1,306		993		1,012
General and administrative		1,181		4,675		3,896		2,522
Total	$	2,606	$	9,687	$	7,864	$	6,083

(2) See Notes 2 and 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to compute the historical and pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders and the number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019. See Notes 2 and 11 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to compute the historical and pro forma net income per share attributable to common stockholders and the number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020.

(3) See section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information and a reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.

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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

	As of September 30, 2020
	Actual			Pro Forma(1)		Pro Forma As Adjusted(2)(3)
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	216,558		$	216,558	$	439,664
Marketable securities		30,409			30,409		30,409
Working capital(4)		102,718			102,718		326,802
Total assets		269,568			269,568		491,696
Convertible Notes(5)		50,750			—		—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability		1,721			—		—
Total liabilities		210,459			157,988		157,010
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		156,175			—		—
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		(97,066	)		111,580		334,686

(1) The pro forma column in the consolidated balance sheet data table above gives effect to (i) the filing and effectiveness of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, (ii) the automatic conversion of 52,286,631 shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 into 52,286,631 shares of our Class B common stock, (iii) the reclassification of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in capital, all of which will occur immediately upon the closing of this offering, (iv) the issuance by us of 1,589,825 shares of our Class A common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes in connection with this offering, based on a discount to an assumed initial offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and (v) an increase to additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit related to stock-based compensation expense of $7.2 million associated with RSUs for which the service-based vesting condition was satisfied as of September 30, 2020 and for which the liquidity event-related performance vesting condition will be satisfied in connection with this offering. Payroll tax withholding and remittance obligations have not been included in the pro forma adjustments, as further described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

(2) The pro forma as adjusted column in the consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2020 gives effect to (i) the pro forma adjustments set forth in footnote (1) above and (ii) the sale and issuance by us of 6,600,000 shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

(3) Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease, as applicable, the pro forma as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets, and total stockholders’ equity by $6.1 million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. An increase or decrease of 1.0 million shares offered by us would increase or decrease, as applicable, the pro forma as adjusted cash and cash equivalents, working capital, total assets, and total stockholders’ equity by $34.4 million, assuming an initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.

(4) Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities. Current liabilities includes funds payable to customers of $105.5 million.

(5) See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments—Convertible Note Financing” for additional information.

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RISK FACTORS

Investing in our Class A common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider and read carefully all of the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as other information included in this prospectus, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing at the end of this prospectus, before making an investment decision. The occurrence of any of the following risks or additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently believe to be not material could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition. In such case, the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you may lose all or part of your original investment.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Operations

We have a short operating history in an evolving industry. As a result, our past results may not be indicative of future operating performance.

We have a short operating history in a rapidly evolving industry that may not develop in a manner favorable to our business. Our relatively short operating history makes it difficult to assess our future performance. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we may encounter.

Our future success will depend in large part upon our ability to, among other things:

• cost-effectively acquire new users;

• engage with our users and increase the number of Active Buyers and Active Sellers;

• foster and grow the Poshmark community of users;

• effectively manage our growth;

• develop new features to enhance the experience of our users;

• increase awareness of our brand;

• successfully expand the offering of items on our marketplace and the market categories we serve;

• adapt to rapidly evolving trends in the ways consumers interact with technology;

• compete effectively;

• hire, integrate, and retain talented people at all levels of our organization;

• maintain effective relationships with third parties, such as the USPS, Amazon Web Services, or AWS, and Braintree Payment Solutions, a subsidiary of PayPal;

• further develop our data analytics capabilities;

• maintain the quality and security of our technology infrastructure; and

• avoid interruptions in our business from information technology downtime and cybersecurity attacks and data breaches.

If we fail to address the risks and difficulties that we face, including those associated with the challenges listed above and those described elsewhere in this “Risk Factors” section, our business and our results of operations will be adversely affected.

Our continued growth depends on attracting new users and converting users into Active Buyers and Active Sellers.

In order to increase revenue and to maintain profitability, we must attract new users and convert Active Users into Active Buyers and Active Sellers in a cost-effective manner. We must continue to encourage sellers to list items for sale and use our services. We must also encourage Active Buyers to return to our platform and frequently purchase items on our marketplace.

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To increase the number of users, we must appeal to, and engage with, individuals who have historically used other means to sell or purchase apparel, footwear, and accessories, such as traditional brick-and-mortar apparel retailers or the apps or websites of our competitors. We reach new users through paid marketing, referral programs, organic word-of-mouth, and other methods of discovery, such as mentions in the press or Internet search engine results. If existing users are dissatisfied with their experience on our platform or do not find our platform appealing, whether because of a negative experience, unfulfilling social interactions, lack of user-friendly features, declining interest in the nature of the goods listed on our marketplace, or other factors, they may list fewer items or stop listing items on our marketplace or make fewer purchases, and they may stop referring others to us. In addition, consumer shopping preferences may also change from time to time, and if users do not continue to list items on our marketplace that other users find appealing, our user base and user engagement may decline. Additionally, if we are not able to address user concerns regarding the safety and security of our platform, if we are unable to successfully prevent abusive or other hostile behavior on our platform, or if we fail to address the use of programs or other forms of automation to participate on our platform, the size of our user base and user engagement may also decline. For example, the use of such programs (commonly referred to as “bots”) to artificially inflate the popularity of users or their goods (including through liking, sharing, and following), or the perception that these programs are being used, could diminish the user experience on our platform. Although such programs are prohibited by our Terms of Service, or TOS, a small number of users have nonetheless made use of them in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Under these circumstances, we may have difficulty attracting and engaging users and converting them into Active Buyers or Active Sellers without incurring additional marketing expense.

Additionally, we anticipate that our growth rate will decline over time. To the extent that our growth rate slows, our business performance will become increasingly dependent on our ability to retain existing users, convert those existing users into Active Buyers and Active Sellers, and increase engagement of those Active Buyers and Active Sellers.

We only recently became profitable and have experienced net losses. We may not be able to sustain our profitability, and our revenue growth rate may decline.

We experienced net losses of $14.5 million and $48.7 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, respectively. We achieved our first quarter of profitability for the three months ended June 30, 2020. We cannot assure you that we will maintain our profitability in future periods, and we may incur significant losses in future periods.

We cannot assure you that we will generate sufficient revenue to offset the cost of maintaining our platform and maintaining and growing our business in the future. We cannot assure you that our revenue will continue to grow or will not decline. Our revenue growth rate may decline in the future because of a variety of factors, including increased competition and the maturation of our business. You should not consider our historical revenue growth or operating expenses as indicative of our future performance. If our revenue growth rate declines or our operating expenses exceed our expectations, our financial performance will be adversely affected. We will need to generate and sustain increased revenue levels in future periods in order to maintain or increase our level of profitability.

Additionally, we also expect our costs to increase in future periods, which could negatively affect our future results of operations. We expect to continue to expend substantial financial and other resources on acquiring and retaining users, our technology infrastructure, research and development (including investments in our research and development team and the development of new features), expansion into new markets, marketing, and general administration (including expenses related to being a public company). These investments may not result in increased revenue or growth in our business. If we cannot successfully grow our revenue at a rate that exceeds the increases in costs associated with our business, we will not be able to maintain profitability or generate positive cash flow on a sustained basis.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted, and will continue to impact, our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

The impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is severe, widespread, and continues to evolve. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to impact our business will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time, including:

• the duration and spread of the pandemic, including any additional resurgences;

• governmental, business, and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic, including voluntary or government mandated business closures and shelter in-place guidelines;

• the impact of the pandemic on national and global economic activity, unemployment levels, and capital and financial markets, including the possibility of a national or global recession;

• potential shipping difficulties, including delays in sellers shipping products, as well as delays in delivery services;

• the severity of travel restrictions imposed by geographic areas in which we operate;

• other business disruptions that affect our workforce; and

• actions taken throughout the world, including in markets in which we operate, to contain the COVID-19 pandemic or treat its impact.

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a widespread global health crisis and adversely affected global economies and financial markets, and similar public health threats could do so in the future. Such events have impacted, and could in the future impact, demand for products sold on our platform, which in turn could adversely affect our revenue and results of operations. Further, the preventative and protective measures currently in place, or which may be instituted or re-instituted in the future, such as quarantines, closures, and travel restrictions, have interfered with the ability of our sellers to deliver products to our buyers. If delivery services are delayed or shut down, or if they are perceived as unreliable, our GMV and revenue could be negatively impacted in the future.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a variety of impacts on our business to date. In the initial weeks of the pandemic in the United States, we experienced a significant decrease in GMV. In the month of March 2020, we had negative 13% year-over-year GMV growth which in turn impacted the year-over-year GMV growth for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, which was 9%. Subsequently, in the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the year-over-year GMV growth rebounded to 42% as buyer and seller activity resumed. However, such trends may not continue and could be reversed. In particular, to the extent that federal and state governmental aid programs initiated in connection with the pandemic are reduced or terminated, consumer discretionary spending would likely decrease, which would have a negative impact on our business. In addition, although the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the trend toward eCommerce, it has negatively affected demand for apparel and fashion as retail categories. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic such as prolonged work-from-home policies, quarantines, closures, and travel restrictions could continue to depress demand for the products sold on our platform. Even if a virus or other disease does not spread significantly and such measures are not implemented, the perceived risk of infection or significant health risk may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been required to temporarily close our corporate offices and the majority of our employees are currently working remotely, which impacts productivity and has otherwise disrupted our business operations, including by adding administrative complexity to our everyday human resources and employee technology functions. The remote working environment may also create increased vulnerability to cybersecurity incidents, including breaches of information systems security, which could damage our reputation and commercial relationships, disrupt operations, increase costs and/or decrease net revenue, and expose us to claims

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from users, suppliers, financial institutions, regulators, payment card associations, employees and others, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

To the extent the COVID-19 pandemic or a similar public health threat has an impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition, it is likely to also have the effect of heightening many of the other risks described in this “Risk Factors” section.

Our advertising activity may fail to efficiently drive growth in users, buyers, and sellers.

Our future growth and profitability depend in large part upon the effectiveness and efficiency of our advertising, promotion, public relations, and marketing programs, and we are investing heavily in these activities. These brand promotion activities may not yield increased revenue, and the efficacy of these activities will depend on a number of factors, including our ability to do the following:

• determine the effective creative message and media mix for advertising, marketing, and promotional expenditures;

• select the right markets, media, and specific media vehicles in which to advertise;

• identify the most effective and efficient level of spending in each market, media, and specific media vehicle; and

• effectively manage marketing costs, including creative and media expenses, to maintain acceptable user acquisition costs.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we substantially reduced our advertising spend. While this reduction has not resulted in a commensurate reduction in revenue growth to date due to other factors related to the pandemic, you should not expect that a similar level of advertising spend in the future will be able to drive similar growth. We, therefore, plan to increase advertising spend in future periods to continue driving our growth. We also expect that the cost of advertising is likely to increase as we emerge from the pandemic and competition for advertising returns to normal levels. Additionally, increases in the pricing of one or more of our marketing and advertising channels could increase our marketing and advertising expenses or cause us to choose less expensive but possibly less effective marketing and advertising channels.

We also may incur marketing and advertising expenses significantly in advance of the time we anticipate recognizing revenue associated with such expenses, and our marketing and advertising expenditures may not generate sufficient levels of brand awareness or result in increased revenue. Even if our marketing and advertising expenses result in increased sales, the increase might not offset our related expenditures. If we are unable to maintain our marketing and advertising channels on cost-effective terms or replace or supplement existing marketing and advertising channels with similarly or more effective channels, our marketing and advertising expenses could increase substantially, our seller and buyer base could be adversely affected, and our business, results of operations, financial condition, and brand could suffer.

If we fail to manage growth effectively, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

We have experienced, and may continue to experience, rapid growth in our headcount, business, and operations, which has placed, and may continue to place, significant demands on our management and our operational and financial resources. For example, our headcount grew from 212 full-time employees as of December 31, 2017 to 501 full-time employees as of September 30, 2020. In addition, our cumulative GMV grew at a 50% CAGR from $491 million as of December 31, 2017 to $1.1 billion as of December 31, 2019.

We continue to increase the breadth and scope of our platform and our operations, and the growth we have experienced in our business places significant demands on our operational infrastructure. For example, our growth in 2017 put a significant strain on our Community Services team, which we believe led to a temporary decrease in user satisfaction.

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The scalability and flexibility of our platform depends on the functionality of our technology and network infrastructure and its ability to handle increased traffic and demand. The growth in the number of users using our platform and the number of transactions processed through our platform has increased the amount of data and requests that we process. Any problems with the transmission of increased data and requests could result in harm to our brand or reputation. Moreover, as our business grows, we will need to devote additional resources to improving our operational infrastructure and continuing to enhance its scalability in order to maintain the performance of our platform. These efforts may require substantial financial expenditures, commitments of resources, developments of our processes, and other investments and innovations. Any investments we make will occur in advance of experiencing the benefits from such investments, making it difficult to determine in a timely manner if we are efficiently allocating our resources. These efforts may also involve hiring additional personnel, and we cannot be sure that we will be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel in the future.

Furthermore, we believe that an important contributor to our success has been our corporate culture, which we believe fosters innovation, teamwork, passion for our users, and a focus on attractive designs and technologically advanced software. As we continue to grow, or acquire other companies, we must effectively integrate, develop, and motivate a growing number of new employees. As a result, we may find it difficult to maintain our corporate culture, which could limit our ability to innovate and operate effectively. Any failure to preserve our culture could also negatively affect our ability to retain and recruit personnel, continue to perform at current levels, or execute on our business strategy.

If we fail to engage our users or innovate, improve, and enhance our platform in a manner that responds to our users’ evolving needs, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

The markets in which we compete are characterized by constant change and innovation, and we expect them to continue to evolve rapidly. Our success has been based on our ability to identify and anticipate the needs of our users and design a platform that provides them with the tools they want and need to engage and transact. Our ability to attract new users, retain existing users, and increase engagement of both new and existing users will depend in large part on our ability to continue to innovate and enhance the functionality, performance, reliability, design, security, and scalability of our platform.

We may experience difficulties with software development that could delay or prevent the development, introduction, or implementation of new features and enhancements. We must also continually update, test, and enhance our software platform. The continual improvement and enhancement of our platform requires significant investment, and we may not have the resources to make such investment. To the extent we are not able to improve and enhance the functionality, performance, reliability, design, security, and scalability of our platform in a manner that responds to our users’ evolving needs, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected.

The vibrancy of our community and trustworthiness of our marketplace are important to our success. If we are unable to maintain them, our ability to attract, engage, and retain users could suffer.

The vibrancy of our community and trustworthiness of our marketplace are the cornerstones of our business. The social interactions on our platform contribute significantly to our ability to attract, engage, and retain users. Many things could undermine these cornerstones, such as:

• declines in social activity on our platform or any negative sentiment or degradation in the nature of the social activity on our platform;

• complaints or negative publicity about us, our marketplace, or our policies and guidelines, even if factually incorrect or based on isolated incidents;

• an inability to gain the trust of prospective users;

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• actions of, or online behavior by, users that are perceived to be hostile or inappropriate by other users;

• the use of programs or other forms of automation (such as “bots”) to participate on our platform;

• issues associated with the quality and authenticity of items listed on our marketplace;

• disruptions or defects on our marketplace, such as authenticity issues, privacy or data security breaches, site outages, payment disruptions, or other incidents that impact the reliability of our marketplace; and

• the failure of our sellers to deliver the items sold in our marketplace in a timely manner or at all.

If we are unable to maintain a vibrant community and trustworthy marketplace, then our ability to attract, engage, and retain users could be impaired and our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Our user metrics and other estimates are subject to inherent challenges in measurement, and inaccuracies in those metrics could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We regularly review metrics, including our Active Users, Active Buyers, and Active Sellers, to evaluate growth trends, measure our performance, and make strategic decisions. These metrics are calculated using internal company data and have not been validated by an independent third party. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring how our platform is used. Errors or inaccuracies in our metrics or data could result in incorrect business decisions and inefficiencies.

For example, there are individuals who have multiple accounts on our platform. A user is separately identified on our marketplace by a unique email address; a single person could have multiple accounts and can count as multiple distinct users. If a significant understatement or overstatement of Active Users were to occur, we may expend resources to implement unnecessary business measures or fail to take required actions to attract a sufficient number of users to satisfy our growth strategies.

Further, certain of the other information we collect from users, including users’ dates of birth, and other demographic information, are self-reported and may differ from our users’ actual ages or other demographics. The age and other demographic information we report may be inaccurate if our users provide us with incorrect or incomplete information regarding their age or other attributes, or choose not to report this information. If we discover material inaccuracies in our user demographic metrics, we may inefficiently allocate our marketing budget or resources, which could seriously harm our business.

If sellers fail to provide a fulfilling experience to buyers, our reputation, business, and the strength of our community could be harmed.

We are dependent on our sellers to provide the vast and diverse merchandise that is available on our marketplace. If sellers fail to provide quality items that are consistent with current fashion trends or the likes of our community, our user growth, retention, and engagement may decline, and our reputation, business, and the strength of our community could be harmed.

A small portion of users have complained to us about their experience with our marketplace. For example, buyers have reported to us in the past that they have not received the items that they purchased, that the items received were not as represented by a seller, or that a seller has not been responsive to their questions. Sellers from time to time disagree with us when we resolve a dispute in favor of a buyer. Negative publicity and user sentiment generated as a result of these types of complaints could reduce our ability to attract new users, retain our current users, or damage our reputation. A perception that our levels of responsiveness and member support

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are inadequate could have similar results. In some situations, we may choose to reimburse buyers for their purchases to help avoid harm to our reputation, but we may not be able to recover the funds we expend for those reimbursements.

We face significant competition and may be unsuccessful in competing against current and future competitors. If our competitors are more successful in offering compelling products or in attracting and retaining buyers and sellers than we are, our revenue and growth rates could decline.

The retail industry is intensely competitive. Online retail, including on mobile devices and tablets, is rapidly evolving and is subject to changing technology, shifting consumer preferences and tastes, and frequent introductions of new products and services. To be successful, we need to attract and retain both buyers and sellers, who have a variety of choices when it comes to shopping and selling, both online and offline. We face competition for both our buyers and our sellers from a wide range of competitors, which include both online or offline retailers, such as large marketplaces, national retail chains, local consignment, and vintage stores and other venues or marketplaces. These competitors include, but are not limited to, Amazon, eBay, Etsy, Facebook, Mercari, Shopify, T.J.Maxx, and Walmart. Many of these competitors offer low-cost or free shipping, fast shipping times, favorable return policies, and other features that may be difficult for sellers to match, or may be a reason buyers choose not to buy items on our marketplace.

We compete with retailers of new and used goods, including big box retailers, specialty retailers, direct-to-consumer retailers, discount chains, independent retail stores, the online offerings of these traditional retail competitors, resale players focused on multiple, niche or single categories, as well as technology-enabled marketplaces or platforms that may offer the same or similar goods and services that we offer. We also face competition from social media sites and commerce enablement companies. Additionally, large retailers seeking to establish an online presence in the fashion industry may be able to devote substantially more resources to attracting users and exert more leverage over the supply chain for products than we can. Larger competitors may also be better capitalized to opportunistically acquire, invest in, or partner with other domestic and international businesses. We believe that companies with a combination of technical expertise, brand recognition, financial resources, and eCommerce experience also pose a significant threat. In particular, if known incumbents in the eCommerce space choose to offer competing services, they may devote greater resources than we have available, have a more accelerated time frame for deployment, and leverage their existing user base and proprietary technologies to provide services or a user experience that consumers may view as superior.

Online retail companies and marketplaces, including emerging start-ups, may be able to innovate and provide products and services faster than we can. In addition, traditional brick-and-mortar based retailers offer consumers the ability to handle and examine products in person and offer a more convenient means of returning and exchanging purchased products. If our competitors are more successful in offering compelling products or in attracting and retaining buyers and sellers than we are, our revenue and growth rates could decline. If we are unable to compete for buyers and sellers successfully, or if competing successfully requires us to expend significant resources in response to our competitors’ actions, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We derive all of our revenue from our marketplace. Failure of our marketplace to satisfy user demands or to achieve increased market acceptance could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We derive and expect to continue to derive all of our revenue from transaction fees arising from sales by sellers to buyers on our marketplace. As such, the market acceptance of our marketplace is critical to our continued success. If we are unable to continue to meet user demands or to achieve more widespread market penetration of our marketplace, our business, results of operations, and financial condition will be adversely affected.

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We launched Posh Remit in 2019, an automated service to collect sales tax for taxable items sold on our marketplace. This sales tax collection increased the costs our buyers pay for offerings on our marketplace and caused a negative impact on our GMV, and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

On June 21, 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court held in South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. that states could impose sales tax collection obligations on out-of-state retailers even if those retailers lack any physical presence within the state. As a result of this decision, states have begun to enact marketplace collection laws that require marketplaces to collect sales tax on behalf of retailers. Based on these new laws, in April 2019, we implemented sales tax in 46 states that collect state or local sales tax, ahead of expected change in tax legislation. As a result, we saw a decrease in GMV growth, with the highest impact in higher-tax states. The sales tax adversely impacted the growth rate of our GMV and financial results in the quarter ended June 30, 2019 through the quarter ended March 31, 2020. We may also experience higher than historical growth for the next several quarters given the comparison to lower performing historical periods, and you should not assume that such growth will continue in future periods. The application of sales tax and other indirect taxes on cross-border sales by remote sellers is continuing to change and evolve. If one or more states increase their sales tax rates, or if we determine to collect sales tax in additional jurisdictions, including as a result of subsequent changes in marketplace collection laws, our platform could be less attractive to users, and we could experience further declines in GMV growth and in other key metrics. Posh Remit has created additional administrative burdens for us and put us at a competitive disadvantage with respect to our competitors that do not collect sales tax. In addition, the requirement to collect additional sales tax could result in liabilities related to improper or incorrect collecting and remitting of sales tax, and subject us to potential lawsuits or litigation related to such collection.

We may have to decrease our fees, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We have limited experience with respect to determining the fee for sales on our platform, and we may need to change our pricing model from time to time. Currently, our fee is 20% of the final price for sales $15 and over, or a flat rate of $2.95 for sales under $15. In the future, we may be unable to attract new sellers or retain current sellers at these fee levels, as they may choose to sell their merchandise on other platforms with lower fees. Furthermore, pricing pressures and increased competition generally could result in having to decrease fees, which could cause reduced revenues, reduced margins, or losses, any of which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our expansion into new markets may be unsuccessful.

We intend to expand by entering into new markets. Our efforts to expand into new markets could fail for many reasons, including lack of acceptance of new offerings on our platform by existing or new users, our failure to promote the new markets effectively, or negative publicity about us or our new markets.

Expanding into new markets involves significant risk. For example, these initiatives may not drive increases in revenue, may require substantial investment and planning, and may bring us more directly into competition with companies that are better established or have greater resources than we do. Expanding into new categories may have a dilutive effect. It will require additional investment of time and resources of our management and personnel. If we are unable to cost-effectively expand into new markets, then our growth prospects and competitive position may be harmed and our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Our business depends on a strong and trusted brand, and we may not be able to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand and reputation.

We believe that maintaining our brand and reputation is critical to driving user engagement and attracting new users. Building our brand will depend largely on our sellers’ ability to continue to provide our users with a

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wide variety of high-quality merchandise, which they may not do successfully. User complaints or negative publicity about our platform, marketplace, merchandise, delivery times, or client support, especially on social media platforms, could harm our reputation and diminish the number of users that use our services.

Our brand depends in part on effective customer support, which requires significant personnel expense. Failure to manage or train our customer support representatives properly or inability to handle customer complaints effectively could adversely affect our brand, reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition.

In addition, harm to our brand can arise from many other sources, including inadequate protection of sensitive information by us or our third-party partners, litigation and other claims, seller or buyer misconduct, and employee misconduct. If we do not successfully maintain a strong and trusted brand, our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

Our security measures have in the past been, and may in the future be, compromised. Compromises of our data security could cause us to incur unexpected expenses and may adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition.

In the ordinary course of our business, we and our third-party service providers collect, process, and store certain personal information and other data relating to individuals, such as our users and employees, including users’ names, email addresses, physical addresses, and transaction data. Our third-party service providers also store payment card information. We rely substantially on commercially available systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for our processing, transmission, and storage of personal information and other confidential information. There can be no assurance, however, that we or our vendors will not suffer a data compromise, that hackers or other unauthorized parties will not gain access to personal information or other data, including payment card data or confidential business information, or that any such data compromise or access will be discovered on a timely basis. We have experienced a data breach and other security incidents in the past and any future failure to adequately maintain security and prevent unauthorized access to electronic and other confidential information could result in an additional data breach or security incident which could materially adversely affect our reputation, business, results of operations, and financial condition. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target, and we and our third-party service providers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate preventative measures. For example, in 2017 we experienced an incident in which hackers targeted our systems and used stolen usernames and passwords obtained from data breaches of third parties to steal funds from our users, resulting in several thousand active accounts being compromised. In response to this incident, we implemented several changes, including engaging a third-party fraud vendor to monitor login events and requiring multi-factor authentication for key account changes, such as password changes, email, or redemption details. In addition, we reimbursed our users for any funds that were stolen; the aggregate amount of such reimbursements were not material. In addition, our employees, contractors, or other third parties with whom we do business may attempt to circumvent security measures in order to misappropriate such personal or other confidential information or other data or may inadvertently release or compromise such data.

As we gain greater public visibility, we may face a higher risk of being targeted by cyber-attacks. Although we rely on a variety of security measures, including commercially available systems, software, tools, and monitoring to provide security for our processing, transmission, and storage of personal information and other confidential information, we cannot assure you that such measures will provide absolute security, particularly given the increasingly sophisticated tools and methods used by hackers and cyber terrorists.

We are also reliant on the security practices of our third-party service providers, which may be outside of our direct control. Additionally, some of our third-party service providers, such as payment processing providers, regularly have access to some confidential and sensitive user data. If these third parties fail to adhere to adequate

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security practices, or experience a breach of their networks, our users’ data may be improperly accessed, used, or disclosed.

Compromise of our data security, failure to prevent or mitigate the loss of personal or business information and delays in detecting or providing prompt notice of any such compromise or loss could disrupt our operations, damage our reputation, and subject us to litigation, government action, or other additional costs and liabilities that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. For example, in August 2019 we announced a security breach where data from our users was acquired by an unauthorized third party, resulting in several million accounts being compromised. The data acquired contained information such as username, first and last name, gender, city, email address, and size preferences. We took numerous preventive measures, including forcing password changes and if another breach was to occur again, we may have to take additional measures that could be more costly in the future.

We may be unable to establish, maintain, protect, and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights or prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of our technology.

Our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business. We rely on trademark, copyright, patent, trade secret, and domain-name-protection laws, in addition to confidentiality agreements and other practices to protect our brands, proprietary information, technologies, and processes.

Our most material trademark asset is the registered trademark “Poshmark.” Our trademarks are valuable assets that support our brand and consumers’ perception of our services and merchandise. We also hold the rights to the “poshmark.com” internet domain name and various other related domain names, which are subject to internet regulatory bodies and trademark and other related laws of each applicable jurisdiction. If we are unable to protect our trademarks or domain names in the United States or in other jurisdictions in which we may ultimately operate, our brand recognition and reputation would suffer, we would incur significant rebranding expenses, and our results of operations could be adversely impacted. Our issued patents and those that may be issued in the future may not provide us with competitive advantages, may be of limited territorial reach, and may be held invalid or unenforceable if successfully challenged by third parties, and our patent applications may never be granted. Even if issued, there can be no assurance that these patents will adequately protect our intellectual property or survive a legal challenge, as the legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability, and scope of protection of patent and other intellectual property rights are uncertain. Our limited patent protection may restrict our ability to protect our technologies and processes from competition.

We primarily rely on trade secret laws and confidentiality agreements with our employees, collaborators, contractors, advisors, consultants, and other third parties, and invention assignment agreements with our employees, to protect our technologies and processes, including the algorithms we use throughout our business. The confidentiality agreements are designed to protect our proprietary information and, in the case of agreements or clauses containing invention assignment, to grant us ownership of technologies that are developed through a relationship with employees or third parties. We cannot guarantee that we have entered into such agreements with each party that has or may have had access to our trade secrets or proprietary information. Additionally, despite these efforts, no assurance can be given that the confidentiality agreements we enter into will be effective in controlling access to such proprietary information and trade secrets. The confidentiality agreements on which we rely to protect certain technologies may be breached, may not be adequate to protect our confidential information, trade secrets, and proprietary technologies, and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized use or disclosure of our confidential information, trade secrets, or proprietary technology. Further, these agreements do not prevent our competitors or others from independently developing the same or similar technologies and processes, which may allow them to provide a service similar or superior to ours, which could harm our competitive position.

In order to protect our intellectual property rights, we may be required to spend significant resources to monitor and protect these rights. Litigation may be necessary in the future to enforce our intellectual property

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rights and to protect our trade secrets. Litigation brought to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights could be costly, time consuming, and distracting to management and could result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property. Furthermore, our efforts to enforce our intellectual property rights may be met with defenses, counterclaims, and countersuits attacking the validity and enforceability of our intellectual property rights. Our inability to protect our proprietary technology against unauthorized copying or use, as well as any costly litigation or diversion of our management’s attention and resources, could delay the introduction and implementation of new technologies, impair the functionality of our marketplace, result in our substituting inferior or more costly technologies into our software, or injure our reputation. We will not be able to protect our intellectual property if we are unable to enforce our rights or if we do not detect unauthorized use of our intellectual property. Moreover, policing unauthorized use of our technologies, trade secrets, and intellectual property may be difficult, expensive, and time-consuming, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not be as protective of intellectual property rights as those in the United States and where mechanisms for enforcement of intellectual property rights may be weak. If we fail to meaningfully establish, maintain, protect, and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We may be subject to intellectual property claims, which are extremely costly to defend, could require us to pay significant damages, and could limit our ability to use certain technologies in the future.

Companies in the internet and technology industries are frequently subject to litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. We periodically receive communications that claim we have infringed, misappropriated, or misused others’ intellectual property rights. To the extent we gain greater public recognition, we may face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property claims. Third parties may have intellectual property rights that cover significant aspects of our technologies or business methods and prevent us from expanding our offerings. Third parties may also allege a company is secondarily liable for intellectual property infringement, or that it is a joint infringer with another party. Any intellectual property claim against us, with or without merit, could be time consuming and expensive to settle or litigate and could divert the attention of our management. Litigation regarding intellectual property rights is inherently uncertain due to the complex issues involved, and we may not be successful in defending ourselves in such matters. In addition, some of our competitors have extensive portfolios of issued patents. Many potential litigants, including some of our competitors and patent holding companies, have the ability to dedicate substantial resources to enforcing their intellectual property rights. Any claims successfully brought against us could subject us to significant liability for damages, and we may be required to stop using technology or other intellectual property alleged to be in violation of a third party’s rights in one or more jurisdictions where we do business. We also might be required to seek a license for third-party intellectual property. Even if a license is available, we could be required to pay significant royalties or submit to unreasonable terms, which would increase our operating expenses. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant time and expense. If we cannot license or develop technology for any allegedly infringing aspect of our business, we would be forced to limit our service and may be unable to compete effectively. Any of these results could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We may be subject to claims that items listed on our marketplace are counterfeit, infringing, or illegal which could be costly to defend and require us to pay damages.

Our success depends on our ability to accurately and cost-effectively determine whether an item offered through our marketplace is an authentic product. As the sophistication of counterfeiters increases, it may be increasingly difficult to identify counterfeit products. Additionally, we may be subject to allegations that a luxury item sold on our platform is not authentic despite our confirmed authentication of such item. Such controversy could negatively impact our reputation and brand and harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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When a luxury item with a value of $500 or greater is purchased on our marketplace, it is shipped directly to our headquarters for authentication. One of our trained employees on our authentication team then reviews the item for authenticity and either sends the item on to the buyer or refunds the purchase price to the buyer. If our employees fail to properly identify authentic goods or fail to identify counterfeit items, we could be subject to several risks including negative publicity and sentiment resulting from fraudulent or deceptive conduct by sellers as well as the threat of litigation from brands, including luxury brands, who believe counterfeit goods are being sold on our marketplace.

Our policies promote legal business practices, and our TOS permit us to take down a seller’s listing if we become aware of such illegal use. We do not proactively monitor or review the appropriateness of the content of our users’ activities, and we do not have control over users’ activities. The safeguards we have in place may not be sufficient for us to avoid litigation or liability, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

In addition, we periodically receive communications from brands claiming items sold on our marketplace violate third-party copyrights, trademarks, or other intellectual property rights. Our procedures may not effectively reduce or eliminate our liability. In particular, we may be subject to civil or criminal liability for activities carried out by sellers on our marketplace, especially outside the United States where laws may offer less protection for intermediaries and platforms than the United States. Under current U.S. copyright law and Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, we may benefit from statutory safe harbor provisions that may help protect us from certain types of liability for content posted on our marketplace by sellers and buyers. However, trademark laws do not include similar statutory provisions, and liability for trademark infringement is often determined by court decisions. These safe harbors and court rulings may change unfavorably. In that event, we may be held secondarily liable for the intellectual property infringement of sellers on our marketplace.

Regardless of the validity of any claims made against us, we may incur significant costs and efforts to defend against or settle them. If a governmental authority determines that we have aided and abetted the infringement or sale of stolen, illegal, or counterfeit goods or if changes in the law result in us being liable for actions by sellers on our marketplace, we could face regulatory, civil, or criminal penalties. Successful claims by third-party rights owners could require us to pay substantial damages or reduce our ability to offer certain brands on our marketplace. These types of claims could force us to modify our business practices, which could lower our revenue, increase our costs, or make our marketplace less user-friendly.

Furthermore, while we strictly prohibit the sale of illegal items, sellers may try to sell stolen goods, impaired goods, replicas, or fakes, goods derived from threatened or extinct species, and misrepresented Native American or American Indian arts and crafts. Examples of products that may be interpreted as trading in or derived from threatened or extinct species include, but are not limited to, clothing, shoes, jewelry, fur, bags, accessories, rings, or bracelets containing parts or products from tigers, sharks, turtles, yaks, whales, dolphins, staghorn or elkhorn coral, rhinoceroses, boars, elephants, walruses, mammoths, or other endangered or extinct species. The public perception that stolen, illegal, or counterfeit or other unauthorized items are common on our marketplace, even if factually incorrect, could result in negative publicity and damage to our reputation.

Our procedures may not effectively reduce or eliminate our liability. Any of the foregoing could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

If our software contains serious errors or defects, we may lose revenue and market acceptance and may incur costs to defend or settle claims with our sellers and harm our reputation among users.

Software such as ours often contains errors, defects, security vulnerabilities, or software bugs that are difficult to detect and correct, particularly when first introduced or when new versions or enhancements are released. Despite internal testing, our software may contain serious errors or defects, security vulnerabilities, or software bugs that we may be unable to successfully correct in a timely manner or at all, which could result in

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lost revenue, significant expenditures of capital, a delay or loss in market acceptance, and damage to our reputation and brand, any of which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Since some of our sellers use our services for processes that are critical to their businesses, errors, defects, security vulnerabilities, service interruptions, or software bugs on our marketplace could result in losses. Further, buyers or sellers could share information about bad experiences on social media, which could result in damage to our reputation and could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Some of our software and systems contain open source software, which may pose particular risks to our proprietary applications.

We utilize open source software in the applications we have developed to operate our business and will use open source software in the future. Such open source software is generally licensed by its authors or other third parties under open source licenses and is typically freely accessible, usable, and modifiable. Pursuant to such open source licenses, we may be subject to certain conditions, including requirements that we offer our proprietary software that incorporates the open source software for no cost, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon, incorporating or using the open source software, and that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license. We may face claims from third parties claiming ownership of, or demanding the release or license of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed from such software (which could include our proprietary source code), or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation and could require us to purchase a costly license, publicly release the affected portions of our source code, or cease offering the implicated software unless and until we can re-engineer it to avoid infringement. We also may be required to re-engineer products if the license terms for incorporated open source software change. The re-engineering process of some or all of our software could require significant additional research and development resources, and we may not be able to complete it successfully. In addition, use of open source software can lead to greater risks than use of third-party commercial software because open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of the software. Use of open source software may also present additional security risks because the public availability of such software may make it easier for hackers and other third parties to determine how to breach our website and systems that rely on open source software. These risks could be difficult to eliminate or manage and, if not addressed, could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial conditions.

If we fail to attract and retain key personnel, or effectively manage succession, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

Competition for key personnel is strong, especially in the San Francisco Bay Area where our headquarters are located, and we cannot be sure that we will be able to attract and retain a sufficient number of qualified personnel in the future or that the compensation costs of doing so will not adversely affect our results of operations. If we are unable to retain, attract, and motivate talented employees with the appropriate skills at cost-effective compensation levels or if changes to our business adversely affect morale or retention, we may not achieve our objectives, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

In addition, our failure to put in place adequate succession plans for senior and key management roles or the failure of key employees to successfully transition into new roles could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The unexpected or abrupt loss of one or more of our key personnel or the failure to effectively transfer knowledge and effect smooth key personnel transitions could have an adverse effect on our business. In particular, our Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Chandra, has unique and valuable experience leading our company from its inception through today. If he were to depart or otherwise reduce his focus on our business, our business may be severely disrupted. We do not currently maintain key-person life insurance policies on any members of our senior management team or other key employees.

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To attract and retain key personnel, we use equity incentives, among other measures. These measures may not be sufficient to attract and retain the personnel we require to operate our business effectively. Additionally, members of our senior management team and many of our employees hold stock options that are or will become exercisable for Class A common stock that will be tradeable following this offering, which may adversely impact our ability to retain these employees. Further, the equity incentives we currently use to attract, retain, and motivate employees may not be as effective as in the past, particularly if the value of the underlying stock does not increase commensurate with expectations or consistent with our historical stock price growth. If we are unable to attract and retain high-quality management and operating personnel, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected.

We may incur significant losses from fraud.

We have in the past incurred and may in the future incur losses from various types of fraud, including stolen credit card numbers, account takeovers, claims that a user did not authorize a purchase, merchant fraud, and users who have closed bank accounts or have insufficient funds in open bank accounts to satisfy payments. In addition to the direct costs of such losses, if the fraud is related to credit card transactions and becomes excessive, it could potentially result in us paying higher fees or losing the right to accept credit cards for payment. In addition, under current credit card practices, we are liable for fraudulent credit card transactions because we do not obtain a cardholder’s signature. Our failure to adequately prevent fraudulent transactions or follow payment card industry data security standards could damage our reputation, result in litigation or regulatory action, and lead to expenses that could substantially impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Sellers may falsely describe or promote items or take portions of branded items and re-purpose them into other items like jewelry. Negative publicity and user sentiment resulting from fraudulent or deceptive conduct by users, or the sale of products derived from threatened or extinct species, or the perception that our levels of responsiveness and customer support are inadequate could reduce our ability to attract new users or retain existing users and damage our reputation.

In addition, even though our TOS provide that taking any part of a transaction off our platform is a violation of our rules, and even though we cannot protect such transactions or uphold such agreements, a small number of transactions is nonetheless conducted outside our platform between buyers and sellers who initially located each other on our platform. We do not receive any fees from those transactions, which results in fewer revenues to us, and any future increase in such off-platform transactions would likely lead to further decreases in our revenue.

Our results of operations are subject to seasonal and quarterly variations in our revenue and operating income. As a result, our quarterly results may fluctuate and could be below expectations.

Our business is seasonal, and we expect this seasonality to continue in the future. If we experience lower than expected revenue during any quarter that traditionally experiences seasonally high revenue, it may have a significant impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition for that year. Any factors that harm quarterly results of operations, including unfavorable economic conditions, could have a disproportionate effect on our results of operations for our entire fiscal year.

Our results of operations have fluctuated in the past and are expected to fluctuate in the future due to a variety of factors, many of which are outside of our control. As a result, our past results may not be indicative of our future performance, and comparing our results of operations on a period-to-period basis may not be meaningful. In addition to the other risks described herein, factors that may affect our results of operations include the following:

• fluctuations due to the seasonality of our business described above;

• our ability to attract users, buyers, and sellers;

• our ability to retain our existing users at existing levels and expand their engagement on our platform;

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• the amount and timing of our costs, including operating expenses;

• potential accelerations of prepaid expenses and deferred costs;

• the timing and success of new services and features we introduce;

• our ability to effectively launch and manage new categories;

• our ability to effectively launch and manage new markets;

• our ability to manage our existing business and future growth;

• the impact of competitive developments and our response to those developments;

• our ability to manage our existing business and future growth;

• disruptions or defects in our marketplace, such as privacy or data security breaches;

• the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, or other global health pandemics;

• the amount and timing of non-cash expenses, including stock-based compensation and other non-cash charges; and

• awareness of our brand.

We rely on consumer discretionary spending and may be adversely affected by economic downturns and other macroeconomic conditions or trends.

Macroeconomic conditions may adversely affect our business. If general economic conditions further deteriorate in the United States, consumer discretionary spending may decline and demand for the items available on our marketplace may be reduced. This decline would cause sales on our marketplace to decline and adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition. Our business, results of operations, and financial condition are also subject to global economic conditions and their impact on consumer discretionary spending. Some of the factors that may negatively influence consumer spending, many of which are becoming increasingly present as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and political instability, include high levels of unemployment, higher consumer debt levels, reductions in net worth, declines in asset values and related market uncertainty, home foreclosures and reductions in home values, fluctuating interest rates and credit availability, fluctuating fuel and other energy costs, fluctuating commodity prices, general uncertainty regarding the overall future political and economic environment, and recent large-scale social unrest across much of the United States. Economic conditions in certain regions may also be affected by natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, tropical storms, and wildfires. Consumer purchases of discretionary items, including the merchandise that we offer, generally decline during periods of economic uncertainty when disposable income is reduced or when there is a reduction in consumer confidence.

Even without changes in economic conditions, the demand for the items listed on our marketplace is dependent on consumer preferences. Consumer preferences can change quickly and may differ across generations and cultures. If demand for the items that sellers offer on our marketplace declines, our business would be harmed. Our growth prospects would also be hampered if the shift from brick-and-mortar retail to online and mobile commerce does not continue.

We may require additional capital to support business growth, and this capital might not be available or may be available only by diluting existing stockholders.

We intend to continue making investments to support our business growth and may require additional funds to support this growth and respond to business challenges, including the need to develop our services, enhance our operating infrastructure, expand the markets in which we operate, and potentially acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Accordingly, we may need to engage in equity or debt financings to secure

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additional funds. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges superior to those of holders of our Class A common stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. In addition, we may not be able to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, if at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us, when we require it, our ability to continue to support our business growth and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be adversely affected. Our decision to issue securities in the future will depend on numerous considerations, including factors beyond our control, and therefore we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, or nature of any future issuances of debt or equity securities. As a result, our stockholders bear the risk of future issuances of debt or equity securities reducing the value of our common stock and diluting their interest.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired.

As a public company, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of the listing standards of the Nasdaq Global Select Market, or Nasdaq. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and other procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we will file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms and that information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers. We are also continuing to improve our internal control over financial reporting. In order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, we have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources, including accounting related costs and significant management oversight.

Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, deficiencies or weaknesses in our disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations and may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods. Any failure to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting also could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we will eventually be required to include in our periodic reports that will be filed with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which could have a negative effect on the trading price of our Class A common stock. In addition, if we are unable to continue to meet these requirements, we may not be able to remain listed on Nasdaq. As a public company, we will be required to provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting commencing with our second Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition and could cause a decline in the price of our Class A common stock.

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Certain estimates of market opportunity, forecasts of market growth, and our operating metrics included in this prospectus may prove to be inaccurate.

Market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. The estimates and forecasts in this prospectus relating to the size and expected growth of our target market may prove to be inaccurate. Even if the markets in which we compete meet the size estimates and growth forecasted in this prospectus, our business could fail to grow at similar rates, if at all. These estimates are calculated using data published by third parties and internally generated data and assumptions data and are subject to a number of assumptions and extrapolations, and as a result, the actual market opportunity and growth forecasts may be different than our disclosed numbers. We have not independently verified any third-party information and cannot assure you of its accuracy or completeness. In addition, our projections, assumptions, and estimates of opportunities within our market are necessarily subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including but not limited to those described in this prospectus. If this third-party or internally generated data proves to be inaccurate or we make errors in our assumptions based on that data, our actual market may be more limited than our estimates. In addition, these inaccuracies or errors may cause us to misallocate capital and other critical business resources, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We plan to expand our operations abroad where we have no operating experience and will be subject to risks associated with operations abroad.

Expanding our platform into markets outside of the United States is an important part of our strategy. We launched Poshmark in Canada in 2019 and are considering launching in additional international geographies. We plan to enter international markets where we have no experience in marketing, selling, and deploying our platform. The nature of the items that sellers list on our marketplace may not appeal to non-U.S. users in the same way as they do to users in the United States. Also, visits to our marketplace from buyers outside the United States may not convert into sales as often as visits from within the United States, including due to the impact of the strong U.S. dollar relative to other currencies. Our success in markets outside the United States will be linked to our ability to attract local sellers and buyers to our platform. If we are not able to do so, our growth prospects could be harmed.

In addition, competition is likely to intensify in the international markets where we plan to expand our operations. Local companies based in markets outside the United States may have a substantial competitive advantage because of their greater understanding of, and focus on, those local markets. Some of our competitors may also be able to develop and grow in international markets more quickly than we will.

Expansion in markets outside of the United States also requires significant financial investment. These investments include marketing to attract and retain new users, contracting with localized delivery and payment services, forming relationships with third-party service providers, supporting operations in multiple countries, and potentially acquiring companies based outside the United States and integrating those companies with our operations.

In addition, we are subject to a variety of risks inherent in doing business internationally, including:

• political, social, and economic instability;

• impact of global health pandemics, including the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic;

• risks related to the legal and regulatory environment in foreign jurisdictions, including with respect to privacy, and unexpected changes in laws, regulatory requirements, and enforcement;

• potential damage to our brand and reputation due to compliance with local laws, including requirements to provide user information to local authorities;

• fluctuations in currency exchange rates;

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• higher levels of credit risk and payment fraud;

• higher shipping costs;

• complying with multiple tax jurisdictions;

• managing and staffing operations over a broader geographic area with varying cultural norms and customs;

• adapting our platform to local cultural norms and customs;

• complying with a variety of foreign laws, including certain employment laws requiring national collective bargaining agreements that set minimum salaries, benefits, working conditions, and termination requirements;

• reduced protection for intellectual-property rights in some countries;

• difficulties in staffing and managing global operations and the increased travel, infrastructure, and compliance costs associated with multiple international locations;

• regulations that might add difficulties in repatriating cash earned outside the United States and otherwise preventing us from freely moving cash;

• import and export restrictions and changes in trade regulation;

• complying with statutory equity requirements;

• complying with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act, and similar laws in other jurisdictions; and

• export controls and economic sanctions administered by the Department of Commerce Bureau of Industry and Security and the Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control.

Finally, operating in markets outside of the United States requires significant management attention. If we invest substantial time and resources to expand our operations outside of the United States and cannot manage these risks effectively, the costs of doing business in those markets may be prohibitive or our expenses may increase disproportionately to the revenue generated in those markets.

If we fail to deploy or manage our operations in international markets successfully, our business, results of operation, and financial condition may suffer.

If we are unable to make acquisitions and investments, or successfully integrate them into our business, our business, results of operations, or financial condition could be harmed.

As part of our business strategy, we may acquire other companies or businesses. However, we may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. Acquisitions involve numerous risks, any of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition, including:

• difficulties in integrating the technologies, operations, existing contracts, and personnel of an acquired company;

• difficulties in supporting and transitioning clients and suppliers, if any, of an acquired company;

• diversion of financial and management resources from existing operations or alternative acquisition opportunities;

• failure to realize the anticipated benefits or synergies of a transaction;

• failure to identify all of the problems, liabilities, or other shortcomings or challenges of an acquired company or technology, including issues related to intellectual property, regulatory compliance practices, revenue recognition, or other accounting practices, or employee or client issues;

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• risks of entering new markets in which we have limited or no experience;

• potential loss of key employees and clients from either our current business or an acquired company’s business;

• inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition costs;

• additional costs or equity dilution associated with funding the acquisition; and

• possible write-offs or impairment charges relating to acquired businesses.

Our operations could be significantly hindered by the occurrence of a natural disaster, terrorist attack, or other catastrophic event.

Our business operations are susceptible to outages due to earthquakes, fire, floods, power loss, hurricanes, tornadoes, and other adverse weather and climate conditions, public health crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, political crises such as terrorist attacks, war and other political instability, social unrest, or other catastrophic events, telecommunications failures, and other events beyond our control. In addition, a substantial portion of our facilities, including our headquarters, are located in Northern California, an area susceptible to earthquakes and wildfires, and are thus vulnerable to damage. We do not carry earthquake insurance for earthquake-related losses. In addition, public health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, acts of terrorism, and other geo-political unrest could cause disruptions in our business or the business of our buyers or sellers, or the economy as a whole. To the extent that such events disrupt our business or the business of our current or prospective users, or adversely impact our reputation, such events could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We may not accurately forecast our results of operations or appropriately plan our expenses.

We base our current and future expense levels on our operating forecasts and estimates of future results. Operating results are difficult to forecast because they generally depend on the volume and timing of the activity of our users, which are uncertain. Additionally, our business is affected by general economic and business conditions around the world. A decrease in our revenue could be caused by changes in consumer preferences or a weakening in global economies and we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected shortfall in revenue. This inability could cause our operating results in a given quarter to miss our expectations or those of securities analysts or investors. We also make certain assumptions when forecasting the amount of expense we expect related to our share based payments, which includes the expected volatility of our share price, the expected life of share options granted, and the expected rate of share option forfeitures. These assumptions are partly based on historical results. If actual results differ from our estimates, our business, results of operations, or financial condition may be harmed.

Risks Related to our Dependence on Third Parties

We rely, in part, on Internet search engines and social networking sites to help drive traffic to our apps and website. If we fail to appear prominently in the search results or fail to drive traffic through paid advertising, our traffic could decline and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected.

We depend in part on Internet search engines, such as Google, Bing, and Yahoo!, as well as social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, TikTok, and Pinterest, to drive traffic to our website. Our ability to maintain and increase the number of visitors directed to our website is not entirely within our control. Our competitors may increase their search engine optimization efforts and outbid us for placement on various search engines, resulting in their websites receiving a higher search result page ranking than ours. Additionally, Internet search engines could revise their methodologies in a way that would adversely affect our search result rankings, or they could remove our paid listings altogether. For example, in January 2019, Google

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temporarily suspended our paid listings appearing on its search engine on account of the number of items for sale on our website that Google perceived to be replicas. We continue to take steps to identify listings that might be replicas; however, there can be no assurance that replicas or perceived replicas may still be listed from time to time. If Internet search engines modify their search algorithms in ways that are detrimental to us, remove our paid listings or if our competitors’ efforts are more successful than ours, overall growth in users could slow or the number of users using our platform could decline. Any reduction in the number of users directed to our website through Internet search engines or social networking sites could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Shipping is a critical part of our business. We currently rely on the USPS for our U.S. business, and any changes in our shipping arrangements with the USPS or any interruptions in shipping could adversely affect our business results of operations, and financial condition. In addition, shipping costs are rising faster than the rate of inflation, which could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We currently rely on the USPS to enable sellers to easily ship the products they sell on our marketplace in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the USPS and caused delays, and the COVID-19 pandemic, and any future pandemic, epidemic, or similar outbreak, may disrupt the USPS’s ability to meet their obligations to us, which may negatively affect our operations. In addition, there has been recent news coverage about politicization of, and funding challenges at, the USPS, and reports of significant service delays. In addition, delays or interruptions in shipping may be caused by inclement weather, natural disasters, labor disputes, transportation disruptions, acts of war or terrorism, public health crises, labor unrest, government shut-downs, and similar factors. Delays in the shipping of items sold on our marketplace may result in the cancellation of a purchase by the buyer. If sellers do not deliver items sold in a timely manner, if items sold on our marketplace are damaged or lost during the delivery process, or if users perceive that there could be such delivery delays or failures, our users could become dissatisfied and cease using our services, which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Furthermore, in the event of an interruption in the USPS’s delivery capabilities, we may not be able to obtain an alternate delivery service without incurring material additional costs and substantial delays, which could adversely impact our revenue, gross margins, and results of operations. Our agreement with the USPS is scheduled to expire in March 2023. If we are not able to renew the agreement or if we are not able to renegotiate acceptable pricing and other terms with the USPS or they experience performance problems or other difficulties, it could negatively impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition and our users’ experience. Furthermore, the USPS may introduce improved scanning technology to measure the weight and dimensions of packages which may cause us to incur additional shipping costs for excess weight and oversized packages. In addition, shipping costs are rising faster than the rate of inflation in the economy in general, thereby making our products more expensive relative to other goods and services with cheaper or free shipping, which could lead to a reduction in the demand for items available on our marketplace. This would cause sales on our marketplace to decline and could adversely impact our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We rely on AWS to host our mobile app and website and on third parties to process payments on our online marketplace. Any significant disruption in service provided by, or termination of our relationship with, AWS and such third parties could damage our reputation and result in loss of users, buyers, and sellers, which would harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our brand and ability to attract and retain buyers and sellers depends in part on the reliable performance of our network infrastructure and content delivery process. We have experienced, and expect that in the future we will experience interruptions, delays, and outages in service and availability from time to time due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, website hosting disruptions, and capacity constraints that could affect the availability of services on our platform and prevent or inhibit the ability of buyers to access our online marketplace or complete purchases on our apps and website. We currently host our

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platform and support our operations using AWS. We do not have control over the operations of the facilities of AWS that we use. AWS’ facilities are vulnerable to damage or interruption from natural disasters, cybersecurity attacks, terrorist attacks, power outages, and similar events or acts of misconduct. The continuing and uninterrupted performance of our online marketplace is critical to our success. Volume of traffic and activity on our online marketplace spikes on certain days and during certain periods of the year and any interruption would be particularly problematic if it were to occur during a high volume time. In the event that our agreement with AWS is terminated, we may experience downtime for a short period or significant short-term costs in connection with the transfer to, or the addition of, new cloud infrastructure service providers, which could cause short-term harm to our business, financial condition, or results of operations.

We rely on third-party payment processors to process payments made by buyers on our marketplace. If our third-party payment processors terminate their relationships with us or refuse to renew their agreements with us on commercially reasonable terms, we would need to find an alternate payment processor and may not be able to secure similar terms or replace such payment processors in an acceptable time frame. Further, the software and services provided by our third-party payment processors contain errors or vulnerabilities, be compromised, experience outages, or not meet our expectations. Any of these risks could cause us to lose our ability to accept online payments, make payments to sellers, or conduct other payment transactions, any of which could make our platform less convenient and attractive and adversely affect our ability to attract and retain buyers and sellers.

Risk Related to our Legal and Regulatory Environment

We store, process, and use data, some of which contains personal information. This subjects us to complex and evolving federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations regarding privacy, data protection, and other matters. Many of these laws and regulations are subject to change and uncertain interpretation, and could result in investigations, claims, changes to our business practices, increased cost of operations, and declines in user growth, retention, or engagement, any of which could seriously harm our business, results of operations, and financial conditions.

We collect and maintain significant amounts of personal information and other data relating to our users and employees. Numerous federal, state and international laws, rules, and regulations govern privacy and the collection, use, and protection of personal information and can expose us to enforcement actions and investigations by regulatory authorities, and potentially result in regulatory penalties and significant legal liability, if our compliance efforts fail. For example, in June 2018 the State of California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, which took effect on January 1, 2020 and broadly defines personal information, gives California residents expanded privacy rights and protections, and provides for civil penalties for violations and a private right of action for data breaches. In addition, California voters recently approved the California Privacy Rights Act, or CPRA. Among other changes, the CPRA would establish a dedicated privacy regulator in California, create a new category of “sensitive information” over which California residents have additional rights, and require businesses to implement data minimization principles. Future laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations, including those related to the CCPA, and changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards, and other obligations could impair our ability to collect, use, or disclose information relating to consumers.

Laws, rules, and regulations concerning privacy, data protection, and data security evolve frequently and may be inconsistent from one jurisdiction to another or may be interpreted to conflict with our practices. For example, in addition to the developments in California, a number of other states are considering privacy legislation similar to the CCPA and/or other potential privacy laws. We expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, and information security in the United States, the EU, and other jurisdictions. We cannot yet fully determine the impact that these or future laws, rules, and regulations may have on our business or operations. Additionally, we may be bound by contractual requirements applicable to our collection, use, processing, and disclosure of various types of data, including personal information, and may be bound by, or voluntarily comply with, self-regulatory or other industry standards relating to these matters.

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Any failure or perceived failure by us or any third parties with which we do business to comply with these laws, rules, and regulations, or with other obligations to which we may be or may become subject, may result in actions against us by governmental entities, private claims and litigations, fines, penalties, or other liabilities, or result in orders or consent decrees forcing us to modify our business practices. Any such action would be expensive to defend, would damage our reputation and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Unfavorable changes or failure by us to comply with evolving internet and eCommerce regulations could substantially harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are subject to general business regulations and laws as well as regulations and laws specifically governing the internet and eCommerce. These regulations and laws may involve taxes, privacy and data security, consumer protection, the ability to collect and/or share necessary information that allows us to conduct business on the internet, marketing communications and advertising, content protection, electronic contracts, or gift cards. Furthermore, the regulatory landscape impacting internet and eCommerce businesses is constantly evolving which could expose us to enforcement actions and investigations by regulatory authorities, and potentially result in regulatory penalties. For example, California has proposed legislation that would expand product liability of defective products to an online platform even when the platform does not manufacture, sell, distribute, or take possession of the product. If this proposal were to pass, our legal liability could increase significantly. Any unfavorable changes in the regulatory or legal environment could have a material adverse impact to our business.

We may experience fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are subject to taxes in every jurisdiction in which we operate. We record tax expense based on current tax liabilities and our estimates of future tax liabilities, which may include reserves for estimates of probable settlements of tax audits. At any one time, multiple tax years are subject to audit by various taxing jurisdictions. The results of these audits and negotiations with taxing authorities may affect the ultimate settlement of these issues. Further, our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period may be materially impacted by changes in tax laws, changes in the mix and level of earnings by taxing jurisdictions, or changes to existing accounting rules or regulations. Fluctuations in our tax obligations and effective tax rate could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

As of December 31, 2019, we had $23.9 million of federal and $4.4 million of state net operating loss carryforwards, or NOLs, available to reduce future taxable income, some of which will begin to expire in 2031 for both federal and state tax purposes. It is possible that we will not generate taxable income in time to use certain NOLs before their expiration, or at all. Under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change NOLs to offset its post-change income may be limited. In general, an “ownership change” will occur if there is a cumulative change in our ownership by “5-percent stockholders” that exceeds 50 percentage points over a rolling three-year period. Similar rules may apply under state tax laws. Our ability to use net operating loss to reduce future taxable income and liabilities may be subject to annual limitations as a result of prior ownership changes and ownership changes that may occur in the future, including as a result of this offering or as a result of transactions that are outside of our control.

The amount of NOLs arising in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 that we are permitted to deduct in a taxable year beginning after December 31, 2020 will be limited to 80% of our taxable income in each such year to which the NOLs are applied (where taxable income for such year is determined without regard to the NOL deduction itself). In addition, NOLs arising in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 can be carried forward indefinitely, but carryback is generally prohibited (except that, under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and

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Economic Security Act, federal NOLs generated in 2018, 2019 and 2020 may be carried back to each of the five taxable years preceding the taxable year in which the loss arises).

Changes in tax law could adversely affect our financial condition and results of our operations.

The rules dealing with U.S. federal, state, and local income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes in U.S. tax laws or their interpretations (which may have retroactive application) could materially increase the amount of taxes we owe, thereby negatively impacting our results of operations as well as our cash flows from operations. Furthermore, our implementation of new practices and processes designed to comply with changing tax laws and regulations could require us to make substantial changes to our business practices, allocate additional resources, and increase our costs, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

As we grow internationally, we may also be subject to taxation in several jurisdictions around the world with increasingly complex tax laws, the application of which can be uncertain. The amount of taxes we pay in these jurisdictions could increase substantially as a result of changes in the applicable tax principles, including increased tax rates, new tax laws, or revised interpretations of existing tax laws and precedents, which could harm our liquidity and results of operations. In addition, the authorities in these jurisdictions could review our tax returns and impose additional tax, interest, and penalties, and the authorities could claim that various withholding requirements apply to us or our subsidiaries or assert that benefits of tax treaties are not available to us or our subsidiaries, any of which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Adverse litigation judgments or settlements resulting from legal proceedings in which we may be involved could expose us to monetary damages or limit our ability to operate our business.

We have in the past and may in the future become involved in private actions, collective actions, investigations, and various other legal proceedings by users, employees, clothing brands, competitors, government agencies, or others. The results of any such litigation, investigations, and other legal proceedings are inherently unpredictable and expensive. Any claims against us, whether meritorious or not, could be time consuming, result in costly litigation and an unfavorable judgment, damage our reputation, require significant amounts of management time, and divert significant resources. If any of these legal proceedings were to be determined adversely to us, or we were to enter into a settlement arrangement, we could be exposed to monetary damages or limits on our ability to operate our business, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock and this Offering

The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with certain stockholders, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of important transactions, including a change in control.

Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock, which are the shares we are selling in this offering, have one vote per share. The holders of our Class B common stock, certain of whom are our founders, executive officers and directors, will together hold approximately 98.8% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock following this offering.

After the completion of this offering, the holders of our Class B common stock will collectively continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our share capital even if their stock holdings represent less than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock. Because of the 10-to-1 voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock collectively would continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock even if the shares of Class B common

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stock were to represent as little as 10% of the combined voting power of all outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock. Therefore, holders of Class B common stock will likely be able to control substantially all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval until the ten-year anniversary of the closing of this offering when the Class B common stock class sunsets and converts into Class A common stock, or such other date as described in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation that may cause the Class B common stock class to convert into Class A common stock. These holders of our Class B common stock may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. This concentrated control may have the effect of delaying, preventing, or deterring a change in control of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares as part of a sale of our company and might ultimately affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Future transfers by holders of our Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting into our Class A common stock, subject to limited exceptions, such as certain transfers effected for estate planning purposes. The conversion of our Class B common stock into our Class A common stock will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term. If, for example, Mr. Chandra retains a significant portion of his holdings of Class B common stock for an extended period of time, he could, in the future, control a majority of the combined voting power of our Class A and Class B common stock. As a board member, Mr. Chandra owes a fiduciary duty to our stockholders and must act in good faith in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of our stockholders. As a stockholder, even a controlling stockholder, Mr. Chandra is entitled to vote his shares in his own interests, which may not always be in the interests of our stockholders generally.

We cannot predict the impact our dual class structure may have on our stock price.

We cannot predict whether our dual class structure will result in a lower or more volatile market price of our Class A common stock or in adverse publicity or other adverse consequences. For example, certain index providers have announced restrictions on including companies with multiple-class share structures in certain of their indexes. In July 2017, FTSE Russell and S&P Dow Jones announced that they would cease to allow most newly public companies utilizing dual or multi-class capital structures to be included in their indices. Affected indices include the Russell 2000 and the S&P 500, S&P MidCap 400, and S&P SmallCap 600, which together make up the S&P Composite 1500. Beginning in 2017, MSCI, a leading stock index provider, opened public consultations on their treatment of no-vote and multi-class structures and temporarily barred new multi-class listings from certain of its indices; however, in October 2018, MSCI announced its decision to include equity securities “with unequal voting structures” in its indices and to launch a new index that specifically includes voting rights in its eligibility criteria. Under the announced policies, our dual class capital structure would make us ineligible for inclusion in certain indices, and as a result, mutual funds, exchange-traded funds, and other investment vehicles that attempt to passively track those indices will not be investing in our stock. These policies are still fairly new, and it is as of yet unclear what effect, if any, they will have on the valuations of publicly traded companies excluded from the indices, but it is possible that they may depress these valuations compared to those of other similar companies that are included. Because of our dual class structure, we will likely be excluded from certain of these indexes, and we cannot assure you that other stock indexes will not take similar actions. Given the sustained flow of investment funds into passive strategies that seek to track certain indexes, exclusion from stock indexes would likely preclude investment by many of these funds and could make our Class A common stock less attractive to other investors. As a result, the market price of our Class A common stock could be adversely affected.

There has been no prior market for our Class A common stock. An active trading market for our Class A common stock may never develop or be sustained.

We have applied to list our Class A common stock on Nasdaq, under the symbol “POSH.” However, there has been no prior public trading market for our Class A common stock. We cannot assure you that an active

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trading market for our Class A common stock will develop on that exchange or elsewhere or, if developed, that any market will be sustained. If an active trading market does not develop, you may have difficulty selling any of our common stock that you purchase. The initial public offering price of shares of our common stock is, or will be, determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters and may not be indicative of prices that will prevail following the completion of this offering. The market price of shares of our common stock may decline below the initial public offering price, and you may not be able to resell your shares of our common stock at or above the initial public offering price.

We are an “emerging growth company,” and the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced financial disclosure obligations, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

We may take advantage of these provisions until we are no longer an “emerging growth company.” We would cease to be an “emerging growth company” upon the earliest to occur of: (i) the last day of the fiscal year in which we have more than $1.07 billion in annual revenue; (ii) the date we qualify as a large accelerated filer, with at least $700 million of equity securities held by non-affiliates; (iii) the issuance, in any three-year period, by us of more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities; and (iv) the last day of the fiscal year ending after the fifth anniversary of this offering. We may choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced reporting requirements. If we take advantage of any of these reduced reporting requirements in future filings, the information that we provide our stockholders may be different than the information you might get from other public companies in which you hold equity interests. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive because we may rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and our stock price may be more volatile.

We expect that the market price of our Class A common stock will fluctuate significantly, regardless of our operating performance, and you may not be able to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price.

The trading price of our Class A common stock is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate significantly regardless of our operating performance. The market price of our Class A common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:

• actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results of operations;

• the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections, or our failure to meet these projections;

• failure of securities analysts to initiate or maintain coverage of our company, changes in financial estimates or ratings changes by any securities analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

• announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;

• changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of companies, particularly those in the technology, eCommerce or retail sectors;

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• price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time, including as a result of trends in the economy as a whole, or in our industry in particular;

• changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;

• actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;

• developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or our solutions, or third-party proprietary rights;

• significant security breaches of, technical difficulties with, or interruptions to, our platform;

• new laws or regulations, new interpretations of existing laws, or the new application of existing regulations to our business;

• any major change in our board of directors or management;

• additional Class A common stock being sold into the market by us or our existing stockholders or the anticipation of such sales;

• lawsuits and governmental investigations threatened or filed against us; and

• other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.

These and other factors may cause the market price and demand for our common stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares of common stock and may otherwise negatively affect the liquidity of our common stock. In addition, the stock markets, and in particular the market on which our Class A common stock will be listed, have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected and continue to affect the market prices of equity securities of many technology companies. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from operating our business, and harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they downgrade our common stock, the price of our Class A common stock could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock depends, in part, on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us downgrade our stock or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about our business, our stock price would likely decline. In addition, if our results of operations or guidance fail to meet the expectations of analysts or investors, our stock price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause demand for our Class A common stock to decrease, which might cause our stock price and trading volume to decline.

We will have broad discretion in the use of proceeds from this offering, and we may invest or spend the proceeds of this offering in ways with which you may not agree or in ways which may not yield a return.

Our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds, and you will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether the proceeds are being used effectively. The net proceeds may be invested with a view towards long-term benefits for our stockholders and this may not increase our results of operations or market value. The failure by our management to apply these funds effectively could require us to raise additional capital and may adversely affect the return on your investment. See the section titled “Use of Proceeds” for additional information.

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Purchasers in this offering will immediately experience substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of their investment.

We anticipate the initial public offering price of our Class A common stock will be substantially higher than the pro forma net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock immediately following the closing of this offering. Therefore, if you purchase shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at the initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, you will experience immediate dilution of $32.44 per share, the difference between the price per share you pay for our Class A common stock and the pro forma net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2020, after giving effect to the issuance of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering. See the section titled “Dilution” for additional information.

Substantial future sales of our Class A common stock could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

If our existing stockholders sell substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public market following this offering, the market price of our common stock could decrease significantly. The perception in the public market that our existing stockholders might sell shares of common stock could also depress our market price. After this offering, we will have 8,189,825 shares outstanding of Class A common stock and 65,147,377 shares outstanding of Class B common stock, based on the number of shares outstanding as of September 30, 2020 and the automatic conversion of the Convertible Notes upon the closing of this offering based on a discount to an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, as well as shares of Class B common stock issuable in connection with outstanding equity awards. The shares of our Class A common stock offered in this offering, including any shares reserved under our directed share program, may be resold in the public market immediately. In addition, the 1,589,825 shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the automatic conversion of the Convertible Notes upon the closing of this offering (based on an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share) are not subject to lock-up agreements or market standoff agreements and may be resold in the public market subject to the holding periods and other provisions of Rule 144. Substantially all of the remaining shares of our common stock will be subject to the lock-up agreements or market standoff provisions described in “Underwriting” and the Rule 144 holding period requirements described in the section titled “Shares Eligible for Future Sale.”

As a result of the lock-up and market standoff agreements described under the section titled “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights,” subject to the provisions of Rule 144 or Rule 701, shares will be available for sale in the public market as follows:

Earliest Date Available for Sale in the Public Market	Number of Shares of Common Stock
The date of this prospectus.	The 6,600,000 shares of Class A common stock sold in this offering, including the shares reserved under our directed share program.
The third trading day immediately following our public release of earnings for the first quarter following the most recent period for which financial statements are included in this prospectus, which we expect to be the public release of earnings for the period ended December 31, 2020, and which we refer to as the “first post-IPO earnings announcement.”	Up to 680,629 shares of Class A common stock. Includes certain securities held by Employee Stockholders (as defined in the section titled “Underwriting”). Excludes securities held by “affiliates” for the purposes of Rule 144, as described under “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Rule 144.”
The 90th day after the date of this prospectus.	The 1,589,825 shares of our Class A common stock issuable upon the automatic conversion of the Convertible Notes (calculated based on an assumed initial public price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover of this prospectus).

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Earliest Date Available for Sale in the Public Market	Number of Shares of Common Stock
The third trading day immediately following our public release of our earnings for the second quarter following the most recent period for which financial statements are included in this prospectus, which we expect to be the public release of earnings for the period ending March 31, 2021, and which we refer to as the “second post-IPO earnings announcement,” provided that the closing price of our common stock on Nasdaq is at least 25% greater than the initial public offering price per share set forth on the cover page of this prospectus for at least 10 trading days out of the 15 consecutive trading day period ending on the trading day immediately preceding the second post-IPO earnings announcement.	Up to 721,493 additional shares of Class A common stock. Excludes securities held by “affiliates” for the purposes of Rule 144. Does not give effect to up to 680,629 shares available for sale after the first post-IPO earnings announcement that may be sold after the second post-IPO earnings announcement if not previously sold.
The 181st day after the date of this prospectus.	All remaining shares held by our stockholders not previously eligible for sale, subject to volume limitations applicable to “affiliates” under Rule 144 as described under “Shares Eligible for Future Sale—Rule 144”.

Furthermore, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC may waive the lock-up agreements before they expire.

Upon completion of this offering, stockholders owning an aggregate of 52,286,631 shares of Class B common stock will be entitled, under contracts providing for registration rights, to require us to register their shares for public sale in the United States. We also intend to register common stock that we may issue under our employee equity incentive plans and ESPP. Once we register these shares, they will be able to be sold freely in the public market upon issuance, subject to certain market stand-off or lock-up agreements.

Further, after our initial public offering, our outstanding RSUs will generally settle on the first of each month. On the settlement date of the RSUs that are scheduled to vest after the closing of this offering, we must withhold income taxes at applicable minimum statutory rates based on the then-current value of the common stock underlying the portion of such RSUs that vests on such date. The lockup agreements described below in the sections titled “—Lock-up Agreements and Market Standoff Agreements” and “Underwriting” permit us to allow holders of our RSUs, including our directors and executive officers subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, to sell shares of our Class A common stock in the open market to cover any income taxes owed in “sell-to-cover” transactions. Alternatively, we may elect to permit holders of our RSUs to “net settle” such RSUs, in which case we remit income taxes on behalf of holders of such RSUs and withhold shares that would otherwise be issued in respect of such RSUs. Initially, we intend to satisfy the anticipated tax withholding and remittance obligations related to the settlement of our outstanding RSUs through net settlement. By April 1, 2021, we expect that we will no longer permit holders to net settle RSUs, and instead such RSU holders will sell to cover. As a result, between April 1, 2021 and the expiration of the lockup period, we expect that approximately 212,719 shares would be sold in such sell-to-cover transactions in connection with the expected vesting of 506,473 RSUs outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, assuming a 42% tax withholding rate.

Sales of our Class A common stock as these lockup end, our registration rights are waived or in connection with the net settlements of RSUs may make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities in the future at a time and at a price that we deem appropriate. These sales also could cause the market price of our Class A common stock to fall and make it more difficult for you to sell our Class A common stock at a price that you deem appropriate.

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We will incur increased costs and demands upon management as a result of complying with the laws and regulations affecting public companies, particularly after we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” which could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

As a public company, and particularly after we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” we will incur greater legal, accounting, and other expenses than we incurred as a private company. After this offering, we will be subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. These requirements will increase our legal, accounting, and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more difficult, time-consuming, and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems, and resources. For example, we expect these rules and regulations to make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to maintain the same or similar coverage.

After we are no longer an “emerging growth company,” we will need to comply with auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. In that regard, as we prepare for such compliance, we will need to hire additional accounting and financial staff with appropriate public company experience and technical accounting knowledge. We cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

Anti-takeover provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove our current board of directors, and limit the market price of our Class A common stock.

Provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws to be effective in connection with the closing of this offering may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control or changes in our management. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws will include provisions that:

• authorize our board of directors to issue, without further action by the stockholders, shares of undesignated preferred stock with terms, rights, and preferences determined by our board of directors that may be senior to our common stock;

• require that any action to be taken by our stockholders be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting and not by written consent if such action occurs after the first date that the total aggregate number of votes represented by all then-issued and outstanding shares of Class B common stock constitute less than 51% of the total aggregate number of votes represented by all then-issued and outstanding shares of our capital stock, or the Written Consent Threshold Date;

• until the Written Consent Threshold Date, allow our stockholders to be able to act by written consent if the action is first recommended or approved by our board of directors;

• specify that special meetings of our stockholders can be called only by our board of directors, the chairperson of our board of directors, our chief executive officer or our president (in the absence of our chief executive officer);

• provide for a dual class common stock structure in which holders of our Class B common stock have the ability to control the outcome of certain matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the aggregate outstanding shares of our common stock, including the election of directors and significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of our company or its assets;

• establish an advance notice procedure for stockholder proposals to be brought before an annual meeting, including proposed nominations of persons for election to our board of directors;

• establish that our board of directors is divided into three classes, with each class serving three-year staggered terms and provide that directors are removable only for cause;

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• prohibit cumulative voting in the election of directors;

• provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by a majority of directors then in office, even though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director; and

• require the approval of our board of directors or the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of our outstanding shares of capital stock entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single class, to amend our amended and restated bylaws and certain provisions of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or the DGCL, which imposes certain restrictions on mergers, business combinations, and other transactions between us and holders of 15% or more of our outstanding common stock. Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws, or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control or changes in our management or our board of directors and could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our common stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.

Claims for indemnification by our directors and officers may reduce our available funds to satisfy successful third-party claims against us and may reduce the amount of money available to us.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws to be effective in connection with the closing of this offering will provide that we will indemnify our directors and officers, in each case, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a corporation will not be personally liable for monetary damages for any breach of fiduciary duties as directors, except liability for:

• any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the corporation or its stockholders;

• any act or omission not in good faith or that involves intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;

• unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions; or

• any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

Such limitation of liability does not apply to liabilities arising under federal securities laws and does not affect the availability of equitable remedies such as injunctive relief or rescission. Our amended and restated bylaws to be effective in connection with the closing of this offering will provide that we are required to indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law and may indemnify our other employees and agents. Our amended and restated bylaws will also provide that, on satisfaction of certain conditions, we will advance expenses incurred by a director or officer in advance of the final disposition of any action or proceeding, and permit us to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee, or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in that capacity regardless of whether we would otherwise be permitted to indemnify him or her under the provisions of Delaware law. We have entered and expect to continue to enter into agreements to indemnify our directors and executive officers. With certain exceptions, these agreements provide for indemnification for related expenses, including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, and settlement amounts incurred by any of these individuals in connection with any action, proceeding, or investigation. We believe that these amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws provisions and indemnification agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.

While we maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance, such insurance may not be adequate to cover all liabilities that we may incur, which may reduce our available funds to satisfy third-party claims and could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

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Our amended and restated bylaws to be effective in connection with the closing of this offering will designate a state or federal court located within the State of Delaware as the exclusive forum for certain types of actions and proceedings that may be initiated by our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees.

Our amended and restated bylaws to be effective in connection with the closing of this offering will provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the sole and exclusive forum for any state law claims for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf, (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees or our stockholders to us or our stockholders, (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provisions of the DGCL, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine shall be, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware. Our amended and restated bylaws to be effective in connection with the closing of this offering will also provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the federal district courts of the United States of America will be the sole and exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act; provided, however, that our stockholders cannot and will not be deemed to have waived our compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. This provision would not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in shares of our capital stock shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to these provisions.

These exclusive forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum of its choosing for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions in other companies’ charter documents has been challenged in legal proceedings, and it is possible that a court could find these types of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. If a court were to find these exclusive forum provisions in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We do not expect to declare dividends in the foreseeable future.

We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings, if any, for the development, operation, and expansion of our business, and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future. Any return to stockholders will therefore be limited to the increase, if any, of our share price, which may never occur.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, which are statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “shall,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus include, but are not limited to, statements about:

• our expectations regarding our revenue, expenses, profitability, and other operating results;

• the growth rates of the markets in which we compete;

• our ability to acquire new users and successfully engage new and existing users and convert them into Active Users, Active Buyers, and sellers;

• the costs and effectiveness of our marketing efforts through paid advertising channels and otherwise, as well as our ability to promote our brand;

• our ability to continue to collect meaningful data, improve our algorithms, and provide recommendations for our users;

• our reliance on key personnel and our ability to identify, recruit, and retain skilled personnel;

• our ability to effectively manage our growth, including offering new categories and any international expansion;

• our ability to maintain our profitability;

• our ability to maintain the security and availability of our software;

• our ability to protect our intellectual property rights and avoid disputes in connection with the use of intellectual property rights of others;

• our ability to protect our users’ information and comply with growing and evolving data privacy laws and regulations;

• impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and consumers;

• future investments in our business, our anticipated capital expenditures, and our estimates regarding our capital requirements; and

• our ability to compete effectively with existing competitors and new market entrants.

We caution you that the foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this prospectus.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus primarily on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus. The results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

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The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this prospectus to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law. We may not actually achieve the plans, intentions, or expectations disclosed in our forward-looking statements, and you should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements do not reflect the potential impact of any future acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, joint ventures, or investments we may make.

In addition, statements that “we believe” and similar statements reflect our beliefs and opinions on the relevant subject. These statements are based upon information available to us as of the date of this prospectus, and while we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information. These statements are inherently uncertain and you are cautioned not to unduly rely upon these statements.

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MARKET, INDUSTRY, AND OTHER DATA

This prospectus contains statistical data, estimates, and forecasts that are based on independent industry publications or other publicly available information, as well as other information based on our internal sources. This information involves a number of assumptions and limitations and is inherently imprecise, and you are cautioned not to give undue weight to these estimates. The industry in which we operate, as well as projections, assumptions, and estimates of our future performance and the future performance of the industry in which we operate, are subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, that could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in these publications and reports.

Certain information in the text of this prospectus is contained in industry publications, publicly available reports, or reports that we commissioned from market research firms. The sources of these industry publications and reports that we commissioned are provided below:

• GlobalData

• Pew Research Center, Demographics of Social Media Users and Adoption in the United States, June, 2019

• Social Commerce Report containing findings from a consumer survey conducted by Zogby Analytics

• Statista

• The Nielsen Company (US), LLC, Unpacking the Sustainability Landscape, November 2018

This prospectus also contains information regarding our sellers, including those described in “Business—Meet Our Community.” We encourage our sellers to describe their experiences with our marketplace. We also survey our sellers from time to time regarding their experiences with us. In response to the stories and positive feedback received, we contacted a group of sellers to request their consent to use their story in this prospectus and, in some cases, requested further detail about their positive experience.

User Metrics and Other Data

The number of users, buyers, and sellers, including Active Users, Active Buyers, and Active Sellers, presented in this prospectus are based on internal company data and we use certain of these numbers in managing our business. These metrics are calculated using internal company data and have not been validated by an independent third party. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable estimates of our user base for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring how our platform is used.

A user is separately identified on our marketplace by a unique email address; a single person could have multiple accounts and can count as multiple distinct users. If one user sells items from multiple accounts, that user will be counted as multiple sellers, and if one user purchases items from multiple accounts, such user will be counted as multiple buyers. As such, our presentation of users, buyers, and sellers, including Active Users, Active Buyers, and Active Sellers, may not accurately represent the actual number of distinct users, buyers, and sellers on our marketplace.

Further, certain of the other information we collect from users, including users’ dates of birth and other demographic information, are self-reported and may differ from our users’ actual ages or other demographics. The age and other demographic information we report may be inaccurate if our users provide us with incorrect or incomplete information regarding their age or other attributes, or choose not to report this information.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from the sale of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering will be approximately $223.1 million, or approximately $257.2 million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares in full, based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease, as applicable, the net proceeds that we receive from this offering by approximately $6.1 million, assuming that the number of shares of Class A common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Similarly, each increase or decrease of 1.0 million in the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us would increase or decrease the net proceeds that we receive from this offering by approximately $34.4 million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The principal purposes of this offering are to increase our financial flexibility, create a public market for our Class A common stock, and enable access to the public equity markets for our stockholders and us. We currently intend to use the net proceeds that we will receive from this offering for working capital, other general corporate purposes, and to fund our growth strategies. We may also use a portion of the net proceeds that we receive to acquire or invest in products, services, technologies, complementary businesses, or other assets. We have not entered into any agreements or commitments with respect to any investments or acquisitions at this time.

We intend to use a portion of the net proceeds we receive from this offering to satisfy the anticipated tax withholding and remittance obligations of approximately $2.0 million related to the settlement of our outstanding RSUs in connection with this offering, based on 130,493 RSUs outstanding for which both the time- and service-based vesting conditions will be satisfied between the date of this prospectus and March 31, 2021, the assumed initial public offering price per share of $37.00, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and an assumed 42% tax withholding rate. Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price per share of $37.00, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease the amount we would be required to pay to satisfy our tax withholding and remittance obligations related to the RSU settlement by approximately $54,807. In addition, a 1% increase or decrease in the tax withholding rate would increase or decrease the amount of tax withholding and remittance obligations related to the RSU settlement by $48,283.

We cannot specify with certainty the particular uses of the net proceeds that we will receive from this offering or the amounts we actually spend on the uses set forth above. Pending the use of proceeds from this offering as described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds that we receive in this offering in short-term and intermediate-term interest-bearing obligations, investment-grade investments, certificates of deposit, or direct or guaranteed obligations of the U.S. government. Our management will have broad discretion in the application of the net proceeds from this offering and investors will be relying on the judgment of our management regarding the application of the proceeds.

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid any cash dividend on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings, if any, and do not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to declare cash dividends will be made at the discretion of our board of directors, subject to applicable laws, and will depend on a number of factors, including our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements, contractual restrictions, general business conditions, and other factors that our board of directors may deem relevant.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, as well as our capitalization, as of September 30, 2020 as follows:

• on an actual basis;

• on a pro forma basis, giving effect to (i) the automatic conversion of 52,286,631 shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 into 52,286,631 shares of our Class B common stock, (ii) the reclassification of our outstanding common stock as Class B common stock, (iii) the reclassification of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in capital, which conversion and reclassification will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering, as if such conversion and reclassification had occurred on September 30, 2020, (iv) the issuance by us of 1,589,825 shares of our Class A common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes in connection with this offering, based on a discount to an assumed initial offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and (v) an increase to additional paid-in capital and accumulated deficit related to stock-based compensation expense of $7.2 million associated with RSUs for which the service-based vesting condition was satisfied as of September 30, 2020 and for which the liquidity event-related performance vesting condition will be satisfied in connection with this offering, all of which are further described in Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus; and

• on a pro forma as adjusted basis, giving effect to the pro forma adjustments set forth above and the sale and issuance by us of 6,600,000 shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

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The pro forma as adjusted information set forth in the table below is illustrative only and will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other final terms of this offering. You should read this table together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, and the sections titled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” that are included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	As of September 30, 2020
	Actual			Pro Forma			Pro Forma as Adjusted
	(in thousands, except per share data)
Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities	$	246,967		$	246,967		$	470,073
Convertible Notes(1)	$	50,750		$	—		$	—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability		1,721			—			—
Redeemable convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 52,372,222 shares authorized, 52,286,631 shares issued and outstanding, actual; no shares authorized, or issued and outstanding, pro forma or pro forma as adjusted		156,175			—			—
Stockholders’ equity (deficit):
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares authorized or issued and outstanding, actual; 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted		—			—			—
Common stock, $0.0001 par value; 75,000,000 shares authorized and 12,860,746 shares issued and outstanding, actual; no shares authorized, issued and outstanding, pro forma and pro forma as adjusted		1			—			—
Class A common stock, 0.0001 par value; no shares authorized or issued and outstanding, actual; 5,000,000,000 shares authorized, 1,589,825 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma(1); 5,000,000,000 shares authorized, 8,189,825 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted		—			—			1
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; no shares authorized or issued and outstanding, actual; 700,000,000 shares authorized, 65,147,377 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma; 700,000,000 shares authorized, 65,147,377 shares issued and outstanding, pro forma as adjusted		—			6			6
Additional paid-in capital(1)		25,596			249,552			472,657
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income(1)		(215	)		19			19
Accumulated deficit(1)		(122,448	)		(137,997	)		(137,997	)
Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)		(97,066	)		111,580			334,686
Total capitalization	$	111,580		$	111,580		$	334,686

(1) Reflects the conversion of our Convertibles Notes. See Note 2 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the adjustment to the unaudited pro forma balance sheet as a result of the conversion of our Convertible Notes.

If the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us were exercised in full, pro forma as adjusted cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, additional paid-in capital, total stockholders’ equity (deficit) and shares of Class A common stock issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2020 would be $504.1 million, $506.7 million, $368.8 million and 9,179,825 shares, respectively.

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease, as applicable, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, additional paid-in capital, and

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total stockholders’ equity (deficit) by $6.1 million, assuming that the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. Similarly, each increase or decrease of 1.0 million shares in the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us would increase or decrease, as applicable, our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, additional paid-in capital, and total stockholders’ equity (deficit) by $34.4 million, assuming the assumed initial public offering price remains the same, and after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us.

The number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on no shares of our Class A common stock and 65,147,377 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020, and excludes:

• 7,906,495 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock that were outstanding as of September 30, 2020, with a weighted-average exercise price of $5.05 per share;

• 2,085,818 shares of our common stock subject to RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2020;

• 141,889 shares of our common stock subject to RSUs granted after September 30, 2020;

• 40,464 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 40,464 shares of redeemable convertible stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on December 1, 2011, with an exercise price of $0.37 per share;

• 25,588 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 25,588 shares of redeemable convertible stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on May 10, 2013, with an exercise price of $1.37 per share;

• 19,531 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 19,531 shares of redeemable convertible stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on May 22, 2015, with an exercise price of $2.56 per share; and

• 12,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our stock-based compensation plans, to be adopted in connection with this offering, consisting of:

• 10,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Plan; and

• 2,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our ESPP.

Our 2021 Plan and ESPP each provide for annual automatic increases in the number of shares reserved thereunder and our 2021 Plan also provides for increases to the number of shares of Class A common stock that may be granted thereunder based on shares underlying any awards under our 2011 Plan that expire, are forfeited or are otherwise terminated, as more fully described in the section titled “Executive Compensation—Employee Benefits and Stock Plans.”

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DILUTION

If you invest in our Class A common stock in this offering, your ownership interest will be immediately diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per share of our Class A common stock and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our Class A common stock immediately after this offering. Net tangible book value dilution per share to new investors represents the difference between the amount per share paid by purchasers of shares of Class A common stock in this offering and the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of Class A common stock immediately after completion of this offering.

Net tangible book value (deficit) per share is determined by dividing our total tangible assets less our total liabilities and redeemable convertible preferred stock by the number of shares of common stock outstanding. Our historical net tangible book deficit as of September 30, 2020 was $(98.0) million, or $(7.62) per share. Our pro forma net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020 was $110.6 million, or $1.66 per share, based on the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 after giving effect to the automatic conversion and reclassification of 52,286,631 shares of our redeemable convertible preferred stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020 into an aggregate of 52,286,631 shares of our Class B common stock, the reclassification of our outstanding common stock as Class B common stock, reclassification of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in capital, and the automatic conversion of the Convertible Notes into 1,589,825 shares of our Class A common stock at a conversion price equal to 85% of the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus which will occur immediately prior to the completion of this offering.

After giving effect to the (i) sale and issuance by us of shares of our Class A common stock in this offering, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and (ii) issuance by us of shares of our Class A common stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes in connection with this offering, based on a discount to an assumed initial offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of September 30, 2020 would have been $334.7 million, or $4.56 per share. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $2.90 per share to our existing stockholders and immediate dilution of $32.44 per share to investors purchasing shares of our Class A common stock in this offering at the assumed initial public offering price. The following table illustrates this dilution:

Assumed initial public offering price per share				$	37.00
Historical net tangible book deficit per share as of September 30, 2020	$	(7.62	)
Increase (decrease) per share attributable to the pro forma adjustments described above		9.28
Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of September 30, 2020		1.66
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to new investors purchasing shares in this offering		2.90
Pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share immediately after this offering					4.56
Dilution per share to new investors in this offering				$	32.44

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease, as applicable, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors by $0.08, and would increase or decrease, as applicable, dilution per share to new investors in this offering by $0.92, assuming that the number of shares of our Class A common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and

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estimated offering expenses payable by us. In addition, to the extent any outstanding options to purchase Class B common stock are exercised, new investors would experience further dilution. If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of our Class A common stock from us in full, the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share of our common stock immediately after this offering would be $0.40 per share, and the dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to new investors in this offering would be $32.04 per share.

We may also increase or decrease the number of shares we are offering. A one million share increase in the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share by $0.41 and decrease the dilution per share to investors participating in this offering by $0.41, assuming the assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. A one million share decrease in the number of shares offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would decrease the pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value per share after this offering by $0.41 and increase the dilution per share to new investors participating in this offering by $0.41, assuming the assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The following table presents, on a pro forma as adjusted basis as of September 30, 2020, after giving effect to the conversion and reclassification of all outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock into Class B common stock immediately prior to the completion of this offering, the differences between the existing stockholders and the new investors purchasing shares of our Class A common stock in this offering with respect to the number of shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid or to be paid to us, which includes net proceeds received from the issuance of common stock, and the average price per share paid or to be paid to us at an assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, before deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us:

	Shares Purchased					Total Consideration					Average Price per Share
	Number		Percent			Amount		Percent
						(in thousands)
Existing stockholders		66,737,202		91	%	$	213,072		47	%	$	3.19
New investors		6,600,000		9			244,200		53			37.00
Totals		73,337,202		100	%	$	457,272		100	%

Each $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $37.00 per share, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, would increase or decrease, as applicable, the total consideration paid by new investors and total consideration paid by all stockholders by approximately $6.1 million, assuming that the number of shares of Class A common stock offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions payable by us. In addition, to the extent any outstanding options to purchase Class B common stock are exercised, new investors will experience further dilution.

Except as otherwise indicated, the above discussion and tables assume no exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in this offering. If the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional shares of Class A common stock in full from us, our existing stockholders would own 90% and our new investors would own 10% of the total number of shares of our common stock outstanding upon the completion of this offering.

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The number of shares of Class A and Class B common stock that will be outstanding after this offering is based on no shares of our Class A common stock and 65,147,377 shares of our Class B common stock outstanding as of September 30, 2020, and excludes:

• 7,906,495 shares of our Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of options to purchase shares of our Class B common stock that were outstanding as of September 30, 2020, with a weighted-average exercise price of $5.05 per share;

• 2,085,818 shares of our common stock subject to RSUs outstanding as of September 30, 2020;

• 141,889 shares of our common stock subject to RSUs granted after September 30, 2020;

• 40,464 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 40,464 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on December 1, 2011, with an exercise price of $0.37 per share;

• 25,588 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 25,588 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on May 10, 2013, with an exercise price of $1.37 per share;

• 19,531 shares of Class B common stock issuable upon the exercise of a redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant to purchase 19,531 shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock issued to Comerica Ventures Incorporated on May 22, 2015, with an exercise price of $2.56 per share; and

• 12,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our stock-based compensation plans, to be adopted in connection with this offering, consisting of:

• 10,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2021 Plan; and

• 2,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock reserved for future issuance under our ESPP.

To the extent that any outstanding options to purchase our common stock or warrants are exercised, RSUs are settled or new awards are granted under our equity compensation plans, there will be further dilution to investors participating in this offering.

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following tables summarize our consolidated financial data. We derived the summary consolidated statements of operations data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2018 and 2019 from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The consolidated statements of operations data for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020 and the consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30, 2020 have been derived from our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus which have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the unaudited data reflects all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the financial information in those statements. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future. The following summary consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
	(in thousands except per share data)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Net revenue	$	148,305		$	205,225		$	150,489		$	192,760
Costs and expenses(1):
Cost of net revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		22,837			34,142			24,345			31,924
Operations and support		20,299			29,879			21,295			27,871
Research and development		15,484			25,033			18,725			22,226
Marketing		88,439			132,470			95,928			65,449
General and administrative		15,464			31,474			23,548			21,321
Depreciation and amortization		802			2,056			1,412			2,130
Total costs and expenses		163,325			255,054			185,253			170,921
(Loss) income from operations		(15,020	)		(49,829	)		(34,764	)		21,839
Interest income		1,096			1,677			1,305			540
Other expense, net
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—			—			—			(516	)
Other, net		(460	)		(366	)		(357	)		(732	)
		(460	)		(366	)		(357	)		(1,248	)
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(14,384	)		(48,518	)		(33,816	)		21,131
Provision for income taxes		91			174			130			225
Net (loss) income	$	(14,475	)	$	(48,692	)	$	(33,946	)	$	20,906
Undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities		—			—			—			(12,776	)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders	$	(14,475	)	$	(48,692	)	$	(33,946	)	$	8,130
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic(2)	$	(1.29	)	$	(4.01	)	$	(2.81	)	$	0.65
Net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted(2)	$	(1.29	)	$	(4.01	)	$	(2.81	)	$	0.45
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic(2)		11,215			12,151			12,093			12,433

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	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
	(in thousands except per share data)
Weighted-average number of shares outstanding used to compute net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted(2)		11,215			12,151			12,093			18,016
Pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (unaudited)(2)				$	(0.75	)				$	0.34
Pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (unaudited)(2)				$	(0.75	)				$	0.31
Weighted-average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, basic (unaudited)(2)					64,348						64,813
Weighted-average shares outstanding used to compute pro forma net (loss) income per share attributable to common stockholders, diluted (unaudited)(2)					64,348						70,396
Other financial information:
Adjusted EBITDA(3)	$	(11,077	)	$	(37,060	)	$	(24,462	)	$	30,052
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(3)		(7	)%		(18	)%		(16	)%		16	%

(1) Costs and expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2019		2019		2020
Operations and support	$	250	$	689	$	520	$	521
Research and development		775		3,017		2,455		2,028
Marketing		400		1,306		993		1,012
General and administrative		1,181		4,675		3,896		2,522
Total	$	2,606	$	9,687	$	7,864	$	6,083

(2) See Notes 2 and 10 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to compute the historical and pro forma net loss per share attributable to common stockholders and the number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019. See Notes 2 and 11 to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for an explanation of the method used to compute the historical and pro forma net income per share attributable to common stockholders and the number of shares used in the computation of the per share amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020.

(3) See section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for additional information and a reconciliation to the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP.

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Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

	As of December 31,						As of September 30,
	2018			2019			2020
	(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	74,466		$	63,318		$	216,558
Marketable securities		63,416			65,546			30,409
Working capital(1)		66,511			21,766			102,718
Total assets		147,399			151,988			269,568
Convertible Notes(2)		—			—			50,750
Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability		746			1,221			1,721
Total liabilities		77,999			120,600			210,459
Redeemable convertible preferred stock		156,175			156,175			156,175
Total stockholders’ equity		(86,775	)		(124,787	)		(97,066	)

(1) Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities. Current liabilities included funds payable to customers of $51.6 million, $73.9 million, and $105.5 million as of December 31, 2018, December 31, 2019, and September 30, 2020, respectively.

(2) See the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Contractual Obligations and Commitments—Convertible Note Financing” for additional information.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes that appear in this prospectus. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates, and beliefs. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risk and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We are a social marketplace that combines the human connection of a physical shopping experience with the scale, reach, ease, and selection benefits of eCommerce. In doing so, we bring the power of community to buying and selling online. We created Poshmark in 2011 to make buying and selling simple, social, and fun. Pairing technology with the inherent human desire to socialize, our marketplace creates passion and personal connections among users. In 2019, our Active Users spent an average of 27 minutes a day on our marketplace browsing, shopping, buying, selling, and connecting with each other via 20.5 billion social interactions. We dynamically curate our marketplace into lifestyle categories that our users love, including apparel, accessories, footwear, home, and beauty. Powered by our proprietary technology, our social marketplace is purpose-built to enable simple transactions, seamless logistics, and an engaging experience at scale. As of September 30, 2020, there were over 201 million secondhand and new items for sale across 9,431 brands on our marketplace. As of September 30, 2020, we had 31.7 million Active Users, 6.2 million Active Buyers, and 4.5 million Active Sellers.

We empower people to sell a few items or to become successful entrepreneurs by providing them with end-to-end seller tools. We refer to this as “making selling a superpower.” Our comprehensive infrastructure makes it easy for sellers to build their businesses with seamless listing, merchandising, promotion, pricing, and shipping. Sellers use content, inventory selection, and social interactions to monetize their listings and drive growth. Our transparent fee structure aligns our success with the success of our sellers. Our fee is 20% of the final price for sales $15 and over, or a flat rate of $2.95 for sales under $15. We attract, engage, and retain sellers by offering the community the benefits of social connection with the ability to combine personal passion and economic empowerment. We do not own or manage inventory as products are listed, managed, sold, and shipped by our sellers, utilizing our transaction tool that makes the selling process seamless and easy. This asset-light model creates scalability and favorable working capital dynamics.

Our social features make the discovery and purchase process simple and enticing for buyers, fostering high engagement and retention. In 2019, 87% of items purchased were preceded by a like, comment, or offer on our marketplace. The engagement of our community has fueled strong growth in our business, supported by attractive unit economics and efficient user acquisition. We enable buyers to discover, connect, and curate their network and news feed with that of other users who share similar styles and personal preferences, creating a fun shopping experience. Our marketplace is vast, with sellers listing millions of secondhand and new items across multiple categories. We use data-driven personalization to customize each user’s feed to feature the most relevant listings and make it easy to quickly search for and find products of interest. Furthermore, sellers list a variety of items across all price points, with the added benefit of being able to negotiate offers directly with buyers seeking to optimize their budget, allowing sellers to manage their listings to achieve their individual objectives. Because our marketplace features a massive selection of secondhand items, buyers are also able to support their personal style while minimizing their environmental impact.

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Key Operating and Non-GAAP Financial Metrics

We collect and analyze operating and financial data to evaluate the health of our community, allocate our resources (such as capital, time, and technology investments), and assess the performance of our business. In addition to revenue, net (loss) income, and other results under GAAP, the key operating and financial metrics we use are GMV, Active Buyers, and Adjusted EBITDA.

Gross Merchandise Value. Our gross merchandise value, or GMV, is the total dollar value of transactions on our platform in a given period, prior to returns and cancellations, and excluding shipping and sales taxes. GMV is a measure of the total economic activity generated by our marketplace, and an indicator of the scale and growth of our marketplace and the health of our marketplace ecosystem.

GMV

($ millions)

$1,107 $807 $491 2017 2018 2019

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Our GMV has grown rapidly at a 50% CAGR from $491 million in 2017 to $1.1 billion in 2019. Our GMV grew 37% from $807 million in 2018 to $1.1 billion in 2019. Our quarterly GMV has increased year-over-year for the past ten quarters. We have continued to add users and enhance our social marketplace with the ongoing introduction of new features like the launch of Posh Stories and the ability for sellers to make offers to shoppers who like their listings.

GMV

($ millions)

$360 $375 $283 $269 $302 $309 $252 $177 $188 $211 $230 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 60% 64% 67% 65% 60% 34% 28% 31% 9% 42% 39% Year-over-Year GMV Growth (%)

In April 2019, we implemented sales tax in 46 states that collect state or local sales tax, ahead of expected changes in tax legislation. As a result, we saw a decrease in GMV growth, with the largest impact in higher-tax states. The sales tax adversely impacted the year-over-year growth rate of our GMV in the quarters ended June 30, 2019 through the quarter ended March 31, 2020. In the quarter ended June 30, 2019, the year-over-year growth rate of our GMV was 34% compared to a rate of 60% in the quarter ended March 31, 2019, due to the impact of sales tax implementation among other factors. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2019, prior to the implementation of sales tax, GMV per Active Buyer was $218. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2020, following the implementation of sales tax, GMV per Active Buyer fell to $198, a 9% decrease. We believe the majority of this decrease was due to sales tax.

In addition, beginning in the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic also impacted our GMV growth. In the month of March 2020, we had negative 13% year-over-year GMV growth, which in turn impacted the year-over-year GMV growth for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, which was 9%. In the quarter ended June 30, 2020, the year-over-year GMV growth rate rebounded to 42% as buyer and seller activity resumed. We may experience continued adverse impact on GMV growth during the COVID-19 pandemic as economic conditions continue to unfold. Over the long term, we believe there is substantial opportunity to continue to grow our business by increasing users, buyers, and sellers on our marketplace.

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Active Buyers. Active Buyers are unique users who have purchased at least one item on our platform in the trailing 12 months preceding the measurement date, regardless of returns and cancellations. An Active Buyer could have more than one account if they were to use a separate unique email address to set up each account. The number of Active Buyers is a key driver of GMV and revenue, as well as a measure of the scale and growth of our buyer community. We believe it is also an important indicator of our ability to convert user activity on our marketplace into transactions.

Active Buyers

(thousands)

5,713 6,032 6,231 5,374 4,952 4,550 4,190 3,734 3,345 2,953 2,657 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 2018 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 2020 Active Buyers measured as of the last day of the quarter presented

Active Buyers measured as of the last day of the quarter presented

The number of Active Buyers has increased steadily every quarter as we attract and retain users. Active Buyers can be new users to our marketplace who make a purchase, existing users who convert into buyers for the first time as our marketplace strengthens with more sellers and items, or repeat buyers. We have doubled the number of Active Buyers as of June 30, 2020 compared to June 30, 2018, and this has been a key driver of our GMV growth.

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Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net loss attributable to common stockholders, excluding depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation expense, interest income, other expense, net, change in accrued sales tax, and provision for income taxes. Adjusted EBITDA is a key performance measure used by our management and board of directors to assess our operating performance and the operating leverage in our business. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA helps identify underlying trends in our business that could otherwise be masked by the effect of the income and expenses that we exclude in Adjusted EBITDA. Accordingly, we believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results, enhances the overall understanding of our past performance and future prospects, and allows for greater transparency with respect to key financial metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. See “—Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for more information and for a reconciliation of net loss, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA.

Net Loss

($ millions)

($14.5) 2018 ($48.7) 2019

($8.5) ($13.1) ($12.4) ($14.7) ($11.0) $21.1 $10.8 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 2020

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Adjusted EBITDA

($ millions)

($11.1) 2018 ($37.1) 2019

($3.2) ($10.9) ($10.4) ($12.6) ($8.7) $23.7 $15.0 Q1 2019 Q2 2019 Q3 2019 Q4 2019 Q1 2020 Q2 2020 Q3 3030

We experienced net losses of $14.5 million in 2018 and $48.7 million in 2019. In the same period, our Adjusted EBITDA loss was $11.1 million in 2018 and $37.1 million in 2019. The increase in net loss and decrease in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to our implementation of sales tax collection and remittance in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, which adversely impacted activity on our marketplace and caused us to decide to increase marketing to help increase user acquisition and engagement.

In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net income improved to $20.9 million compared to net losses of $33.9 million in the same period in 2019. In the same period, our Adjusted EBITDA improved to $30.1 million compared to Adjusted EBITDA loss of $24.5 million in the same period in 2019. The increase in net income and Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to an increase in revenue and a decrease in marketing spend in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

Growth and Retention of User Cohorts. We focus on attracting new users and retaining existing users. New users and the social and transactional activities they contribute help keep existing users more active, increasing their lifetime value over time. The positive relationship between new users and existing users illustrates the network effects of our marketplace. We evaluate this dynamic by tracking GMV of purchases, or Buyer GMV, and GMV of sales, or Seller GMV, by annual user cohort. A user cohort consists of all new users who joined Poshmark within a particular calendar year. Users engage in many ways on our social marketplace: they connect, they browse, they buy, and they sell.

We track the behavior and engagement of users that joined Poshmark in a calendar year, whether or not they have made a purchase or sale in that year. We refer to the year in which a user joins Poshmark as the initial year. We calculate GMV by user cohort based on when a user has made a purchase or sale in a calendar year. Some users joined at the beginning of the year and were active for an entire year, and others joined at other points

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during that year. Because of this dynamic, each cohort generally has a greater GMV in its second year than in its initial year, in part because the second year represents the first period during which the full cohort has been active on the platform for an entire year, and in part because more Active Users have become Active Buyers and Active Sellers.

The chart below shows the Buyer GMV of each user cohort over the calendar years presented. For example, users who joined Poshmark in 2019 represented $289 million of Buyer GMV in 2019, and users who joined Poshmark in 2018 represented $260 million of Buyer GMV in 2019. We combine the 2012–2015 user cohorts for ease of presentation. As evidence of the durability of engagement on our platform, many users from our 2012–2015 user cohorts have remained active and engaged, having increased their Buyer GMV on our marketplace from $169 million in 2016 to $231 million in 2019, representing a CAGR of 11%. In addition, we have retained at least 100% of the initial year Buyer GMV in the subsequent periods for each annual cohort presented below.

Buyer GMV by User Cohort

($ millions)

GMV by Cohort ($ Millions) $1,107 $289 $807 $255 $260 $491 $193 $181 $283 $179 $134 $143 $147 $115 $178 $217 $231 $169 2016 2017 2018 2019 2012-2015 Cohort 2016 Cohort 2017 Cohort 2018 Cohort 2019 Cohort Cohort Initial Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2012 $4 $6 $7 $10 $10 2013 $37 $38 $46 $59 $65 2014 $27 $35 $38 $45 $48 2015 $82 $90 $87 $103 $108

The chart below shows the Seller GMV of each user cohort over the calendar years presented. For example, users who joined Poshmark in 2019 represented $202 million of Seller GMV in 2019, and users who joined Poshmark in 2018 represented $273 million of Seller GMV in 2019. We combine the 2012–2015 user cohorts for ease of presentation. As evidence of the durability of engagement on our platform, many users from our 2012–2015 user cohorts have remained active and engaged, having increased their Seller GMV on our marketplace from $196 million in 2016 to $276 million in 2019, representing a CAGR of 12%. In addition, we have retained at least 100% of the initial year Seller GMV in the subsequent periods for each annual cohort presented below.

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Seller GMV by User Cohort

($ millions)

$283 $87 $196 2016 $491 $133 $139 $219 2017 $807 $187 $208 $151 $262 2018 $1,107 $202 $273 $201 $155 $276 2019 2012-2015 Cohort 2016 Cohort 2017 Cohort 2018 Cohort 2019 Cohort Cohort Initial Year 2016 2017 2018 2019 (in millions) 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total $3 $34 $20 $65 $10 $51 $40 $95 $196 $11 $61 $48 $99 $219 $14 $75 $57 $116 $262 $15 $81 $59 $121 $276

User Engagement. The engagement of our community has fueled strong growth in our business, supported by attractive unit economics and efficient user acquisition. In 2019, 87% of items purchased were preceded by a like, comment, or offer on our marketplace. We believe that cultivating a robust network of users over the longer term is crucial to bolstering broader community engagement, growing social interactions, and increasing GMV. We have seen the number of social interactions on our marketplace increase as our network expands, with year-over-year growth of 90% in 2019, more than double our 42% year-over-year growth in Active Users, further supporting the vibrancy of our community. In 2019, our community engaged in 20.5 billion social interactions and we had 30.8 million Active Users, compared to 10.8 billion social interactions and 21.7 million Active Users in 2018. Social interactions include follows (number of times users are followed by other users in a given time period), shares (number of times listings are shared by users in a given time period), comments (number of times users comment on listings in a given time period), offers (number of times users make an offer on listings in a given time period), and likes (number of times listings are liked by users in a given time period).

Users can engage on our marketplace in a variety of activities that range from shopping and social interactions to buying and selling. The continuous increase in users, social interactions, and listings has led to steady activations of buyers and sellers across cohorts, resulting in increasing GMV for these cohorts. Each year, users from each cohort continue to activate into buyers and sellers. As of September 30, 2020, we had 31.7 million Active Users, 6.2 million Active Buyers, and 4.5 million Active Sellers. Of these Active Buyers and Active Sellers, 1.2 million were first-time buyers and 1.0 million were first-time sellers from user cohorts acquired in prior periods. This dynamic demonstrates our increasing buyer and seller activation as we grow our community.

Our social marketplace is powerful because it enables many types of engagement that contribute to GMV growth. For example, many of our buyers become sellers over time and vice versa. Of all buyers who activated between 2012 and 2018, 34% of these buyers also activated as sellers by year end 2019, and of all sellers who

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activated between 2012 and 2018, 39% of these sellers activated as buyers by year end 2019. On average in year five of a buyer cohort, with year one defined as the first purchase year, 52% have also become sellers. Similarly, on average in year five of a seller cohort, 44% have also become buyers. These averages are calculated using our 2012–2015 cohorts.

Cumulative % Buyers Activated as Sellers from Year 1 to Year 5

41% of First-Time Buyers Also Became Sellers in Year 1 51% 52% 47% 49% 41% Year of Buyer's Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 First Purchase

Cumulative % Sellers Activated as Buyers from Year 1 to Year 5

Cumulative % Sellers Activated as Buyers from Year 1 to Year 5 31% of First-Time Sellers Also Became Buyers in Year 1 40% 42% 44% 37% 31% Year of Seller's Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 First Sale

Investments in Growing Our User Community. We have invested substantially in marketing to grow our user community and drive further awareness of our brand. These investments have enabled us to grow our base of new users, buyers, and sellers while continuing to retain buyers and sellers, resulting in strong growth of our GMV and revenue. Marketing expenses represented 60% and 65% of revenue in 2018 and 2019, respectively. We significantly reduced our investment in marketing to 17% of revenue in the second quarter of 2020 while growing revenue 41% year-over-year for the same period due to the continued benefits from the network effects of our social platform. These network effects continue to increase the number of users who come to our platform organically. In the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we reduced marketing spend by $30.5 million compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This reduction in marketing spend was not due to a change in marketing channel mix or a significant reduction in marketing spend per new Active User in the period. In the future, we plan to substantially increase our investment in marketing as a percentage of revenue from the level in the second quarter of 2020, as the economy recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic; however, we do not expect that marketing as a percentage of revenue will reach 2019 levels. We intend to manage our marketing spend to balance growth and profitability. We will continue to invest in user acquisition and retention while the underlying user unit economics indicate the return on investment is strong.

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Investments in Platform Innovation. We invest in both the people and technology behind our platform. We also intend to continue to make significant investments in the technology and infrastructure of our platform to attract and retain buyers and sellers, expand the capabilities and scope of our platform, and enhance the user experience. We expect to continue to make significant investments to attract and retain employees, particularly engineers, data scientists, designers, product management, and operations personnel. All functions are important, and we intend to invest in our people to help us drive additional efficiencies across our marketplace. In addition, we may invest in new and existing businesses that may lower our margins temporarily but may enhance our platform capabilities, deliver revenue growth, and enable us to achieve and maintain long-term profitability.

International Expansion. We began operations in Canada, the first country we expanded to after the United States, in May 2019. International GMV was $6.4 million in 2019, and has grown to $28.3 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020. For each of these periods, revenue from international operations was less than 10% of our net revenue. As we continue our global expansion, we believe international demand for our platform will develop and increase. Accordingly, we believe there is a significant opportunity to grow our international business. We have invested, and plan to continue to invest, in the adoption of our platform and solutions internationally, including localization of our platform and the addition of critical capabilities to our platform required to serve those local markets.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the lives of our users, buyers, and sellers have been disrupted as people have been required to stay home and many have experienced significant economic and employment disruption. As many people have shifted to a work-from-home environment, there has been less of a need for some to purchase apparel. In some cases, buyers also have a decreased ability to spend on our marketplace due to economic concerns and pressures. In other cases, physical stores have remained closed or are viewed as potentially dangerous, leaving fewer offline shopping alternatives for people and driving demand to online alternatives, including Poshmark. For our sellers, our marketplace has continued to serve as a means for additional income, though the requirement to handle their own logistics amid quarantine has proven difficult for many. Additionally, the social nature of our platform and the community we have built has attracted users throughout the pandemic to come shop, interact, and share. We have temporarily closed our headquarters and offices, with substantially all of our employees working remotely, temporarily lowering our operating expenses. The conditions caused by the pandemic are still evolving and are unknown. Additional disruptions or a resurgence of offline shopping demand could adversely affect our business, results of operations, liquidity, and financial condition during 2020 and potentially future periods.

Seasonality. Our business is seasonal in nature as it is affected by the cyclicality of the consumer as well as broader market conditions. Historically, we have often seen both stronger growth in the number of Active Users and Active Buyers and in engagement during the first quarter of the year. In addition, we have seen higher GMV in the fourth quarter of the year, followed by the third quarter, which we believe is due in part to the higher price points of seasonal apparel and footwear and the Holiday season. We believe the rapid growth in our business, as well as the recent effects of sales taxes and the COVID-19 pandemic, have partially masked these trends to date, and we expect the impact of seasonality to be more pronounced in our future quarterly results as our business matures.

GAAP and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We also review the following GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

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	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net (Loss) Income	$	(14,475	)	$	(48,692	)	$	(33,946	)	$	20,906
Net (Loss) Income Margin(1)		(10	)%		(24	)%		(23	)%		11	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(11,077	)	$	(37,060	)	$	(24,462	)	$	30,052
Adjusted EBITDA Margin(2)		(7	)%		(18	)%		(16	)%		16	%

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019			June 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			June 30, 2020			September 30, 2020
										(in thousands)
Net (loss) income	$	(8,450	)	$	(13,083	)	$	(12,413	)	$	(14,746	)	$	(10,987	)	$	21,120		$	10,773
Net (loss) income margin(1)		(16	)%		(28	)%		(25	)%		(27	)%		(19	)%		32	%		16	%
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(3,173	)	$	(10,903	)	$	(10,386	)	$	(12,598	)	$	(8,656	)	$	23,675		$	15,033
Adjusted EBITDA margin(2)		(6	)%		(23	)%		(21	)%		(23	)%		(15	)%		35	%		22	%

(1) Net (Loss) Income Margin is calculated by dividing Net (Loss) Income for a period by revenue for the same period.

(2) Adjusted EBITDA Margin is calculated by dividing Adjusted EBITDA for a period by revenue for the same period.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA is a key performance measure that we use to assess our operating performance and the operating leverage in our business. Because Adjusted EBITDA facilitates internal comparisons of our historical operating performance on a more consistent basis, we use this measure for business planning purposes.

We calculate Adjusted EBITDA as net loss attributable to common stockholders, adjusted to exclude:

• depreciation and amortization;

• stock-based compensation expense;

• interest income;

• other expense, net;

• change in accrued sales tax; and

• provision for income taxes.

Adjusted EBITDA decreased $26.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year primarily due to our implementation of sales tax collection and remittance in the quarter ended June 30, 2019, which adversely impacted activity on our marketplace and caused us to decide to increase marketing to help increase user acquisition and engagement.

Adjusted EBITDA increased $54.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019 primarily due to an increase in revenue and a decrease in marketing spend in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin in conjunction with GAAP measures as part of our overall assessment of our performance, including the preparation of our annual operating budget and quarterly forecasts, and to evaluate the effectiveness of our business strategies. Our definition may differ from the definitions used by other companies and therefore comparability may be limited. In addition, other companies may not publish similar metrics. Furthermore, this metric has certain limitations in that it does not include the impact of certain expenses that are reflected in our consolidated statements of operations that are necessary to run our business. Thus, our Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin should be considered in addition to, not as a substitute for, or in isolation from, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.

We compensate for these limitations by providing a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin to the related GAAP financial measure, net loss attributable to common stockholders. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure, and to view Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin in conjunction with their respective related GAAP financial measures.

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The following table provides a reconciliation of net (loss) income to Adjusted EBITDA:

	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net (loss) income	$	(14,475	)	$	(48,692	)	$	(33,946	)	$	20,906
Adjusted to exclude the following:
Depreciation and amortization		802			2,056			1,412			2,130
Stock-based compensation		2,606			9,687			7,864			6,083
Interest income		(1,096	)		(1,677	)		(1,305	)		(540	)
Other expense, net		460			366			357			1,248
Change in accrued sales taxes(1)		535			1,026			1,026			—
Provision for income taxes		91			174			130			225
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(11,077	)	$	(37,060	)	$	(24,462	)	$	30,052
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		(7	)%		(18	)%		(16	)%		16	%

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019			June 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			June 30, 2020			September 30, 2020
										(in thousands)
Net (loss) income	$	(8,450	)	$	(13,083	)	$	(12,413	)	$	(14,746	)	$	(10,987	)	$	21,120		$	10,773
Adjusted to exclude the following:
Depreciation and amortization		347			529			536			644			711			667			752
Stock-based compensation		3,969			2,058			1,837			1,823			1,799			1,663			2,621
Interest income		(444	)		(449	)		(412	)		(372	)		(328	)		(149	)		(63	)
Other expense, net		325			—			32			9			91			312			845
Change in accrued sales taxes(1)		1,026			—			—			—			—			—			—
Provision for income taxes		54			42			34			44			58			62			105
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(3,173	)	$	(10,903	)	$	(10,386	)	$	(12,598	)	$	(8,656	)	$	23,675		$	15,033
Adjusted EBITDA Margin		(6	)%		(23	)%		(21	)%		(23	)%		(15	)%		35	%		22	%

(1) Reflects our estimated liability for the non-collection and non-remittance of sales taxes which became required beginning in 2018. We began collecting and remitting sales tax in April 2019. Accordingly, beginning in the three months ended June 30, 2019, these liabilities were no longer incurred.

Components of Results of Operations

Net Revenue

We generate revenue from sellers for fees earned when they sell items they have listed on our social marketplace to buyers (20% of the final price for sales $15 and over, or a flat rate of $2.95 for sales under $15). The buyer also pays a shipping label fee as part of their order. On some orders, the shipping label fee exceeds our

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shipping label cost, which we record as revenue. In 2019, this revenue was 1% of our total net revenue and was less than 1% in 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, this revenue was 3% of our total net revenue. Our revenue is recognized when we satisfy our performance obligations. We report both revenue from buyers and revenue from sellers based upon the net amount earned, which is reduced by certain buyer and seller incentives.

Costs and Expenses

Cost of Net Revenue. Cost of net revenue primarily consists of costs associated with credit card processing, transaction fees for order related payments, and hosting expenses associated with operating our platform. Cost of net revenue does not include depreciation and amortization.

We expect cost of net revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods and to vary from period to period as a percentage of net revenue for the foreseeable future as we grow our platform by increasing Active Buyers and generating higher GMV.

Operations and Support. Operations and support expense primarily consists of personnel-related compensation costs, including stock-based compensation, incurred in providing support to users of our platform including authentication services that we provide. This expense also includes postage and shipping costs that we incur primarily from order losses and cancellations, and credits and incentives issued to buyers for customer satisfaction purposes in excess of shipping facilitation revenue.

We expect that operations and support expenses will increase in absolute dollars for the foreseeable future as we continue to grow our operations and hire additional employees to support the scaling of our business. To the extent we are successful in becoming more efficient in supporting our users, we would expect operations and support expenses as a percentage of revenue to decrease over the long term.

Research and Development. Research and development expense consist primarily of compensation expenses for engineering, product development, and design employees, including stock-based compensation, expenses associated with ongoing improvements to and maintenance and testing of our platform offerings including website, mobile apps, and other products, and other research and development programs. Research and development expenses are expensed as incurred. We capitalize certain costs associated with website development and software for internal use.

We expect that research and development expenses will increase in absolute dollars and vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue for the foreseeable future as we continue to invest in research and development activities relating to ongoing improvements to and maintenance and testing of our platform offerings including website, mobile apps, and other products, and other research and development programs, including the hiring of engineering, product development, and design employees to support these efforts.

Marketing. Marketing expense primarily consists of expenses associated with personnel-related compensation costs, including stock-based compensation, and costs related to user acquisition, public relations, marketing events such as Posh Parties, and business development. User acquisition costs primarily consist of costs associated with acquiring new users by spend on advertising channels such as television, Google, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and TikTok. These marketing expenses also include promotional credits and incentives issued to buyers to encourage buyer activity on our platform in excess of shipping facilitation revenue and cost of referral incentives for new user acquisition. We plan to continue to invest in our marketing efforts, including hiring additional employees, in order to attract new users.

We expect that marketing expenses will increase in absolute dollars and vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue for the foreseeable future as we plan to continue to invest in marketing to grow the number of Active Users and Active Buyers and increase our brand awareness. The trend and timing of our brand marketing expenses will depend in part on the timing of marketing campaigns.

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General and Administrative. General and administrative expense consists primarily of employee related costs including stock-based compensation for those employees associated with administrative services such as legal, human resources, information technology, accounting, and finance, and all related costs associated with our facilities, such as rent and office administration. These expenses also include certain third-party consulting services, facilities, IT shared services, meals and other corporate costs not allocated to other expense categories.

We expect that general and administrative expenses will increase in absolute dollars and vary from period to period as a percentage of revenue for the foreseeable future as we focus on processes, systems, and controls to enable our internal support functions to scale with the growth of our business. We expect to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses to comply with the rules and regulations applicable to companies listed on a national securities exchange, expenses related to compliance and reporting obligations pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC, and expenses for general and director and officer insurance, investor relations, and professional services. We also expect rent expense and other facilities related costs to continue to increase in the future.

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expense primarily consists of depreciation of computer equipment and software, furniture and fixtures, leasehold improvements, and website development and software for internal use.

We expect that depreciation and amortization expense will increase in absolute dollars as we continue to build out our network infrastructure and establish new office locations to support our growth.

Interest Income

Interest income primarily relates to amounts earned on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities.

Other Expense, Net

Other expense, net mainly relates to changes in fair value of the Convertible Notes and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants, and foreign exchange remeasurement gains and losses recorded from consolidating our foreign subsidiaries at each period end.

Provision for Income Taxes

Our provision for income taxes consists primarily of foreign taxes and state minimum taxes in the United States. As we expand the scale of our international business activities, any changes in the U.S. and foreign taxation of such activities may increase our overall provision for income taxes in the future. We have established a valuation allowance for our U.S. deferred tax assets, including federal and state NOLs.

We expect to maintain this valuation allowance until it becomes more likely than not that the benefit of our federal and state deferred tax assets will be realized by way of expected future taxable income in the United States.

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Results of Operations

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following tables set forth our consolidated results of operations data and such data as a percentage of net revenue for the periods presented:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,						Change
	2019			2020			$			%
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Net revenue	$	150,489		$	192,760		$	42,271			28	%
Costs and expenses (1):
Cost of net revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		24,345			31,924			7,579			31
Operations and support		21,295			27,871			6,576			31
Research and development		18,725			22,226			3,501			19
Marketing		95,928			65,449			(30,479	)		(32	)
General and administrative		23,548			21,321			(2,227	)		(9	)
Depreciation and amortization		1,412			2,130			718			51
Total costs and expenses		185,253			170,921			(14,332	)		(8	)
(Loss) income from operations		(34,764	)		21,839			56,603			NM	*
Interest income		1,305			540			(765	)		(59	)
Other expense, net
Change in fair value of convertible notes		—			(516	)		(516	)		NM	*
Other, net		(357	)		(732	)		(375	)		105
		(357	)		(1,248	)		(891	)		250
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(33,816	)		21,131			54,947			NM	*
Provision for income taxes		130			225			95			73
Net (loss) income	$	(33,946	)	$	20,906		$	54,852			NM	*
Undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities		—			(12,776	)		(12,776	)		NM	*
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders	$	(33,946	)	$	8,130		$	42,076			NM	*

* NM–not meaningful

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	Year Ended December 31,						Change
	2018			2019			$			%
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Net revenue	$	148,305		$	205,225		$	56,920			38	%
Costs and expenses (1):
Cost of net revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		22,837			34,142			11,305			50
Operations and support		20,299			29,879			9,580			47
Research and development		15,484			25,033			9,549			62
Marketing		88,439			132,470			44,031			50
General and administrative		15,464			31,474			16,010			104
Depreciation and amortization		802			2,056			1,254			156
Total costs and expenses		163,325			255,054			91,729			56
Loss from operations		(15,020	)		(49,829	)		(34,809	)		232
Interest income		1,096			1,677			581			53
Other expense, net		(460	)		(366	)		94			(20	)
Loss before provision for income taxes		(14,384	)		(48,518	)		(34,134	)		237
Provision for income taxes		91			174			83			91
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(14,475	)	$	(48,692	)	$	(34,217	)		236	%

(1) Costs and expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

	Year Ended December 31,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2019		2019		2020
	(in thousands)				(in thousands)
Operations and support	$	250	$	689	$	520	$	521
Research and development		775		3,017		2,455		2,028
Marketing		400		1,306		993		1,012
General and administrative		1,181		4,675		3,896		2,522
Total	$	2,606	$	9,687	$	7,864	$	6,083

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	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
Consolidated Statements of Operations, as a percentage of net revenue
Net revenue		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of net revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		15			17			16			17
Operations and support		14			14			14			14
Research and development		10			12			12			12
Marketing		60			65			64			34
General and administrative		10			15			16			11
Depreciation and amortization		1			1			1			1
Total costs and expenses		110			124			123			89
(Loss) income from operations		(10	)		(24	)		(23	)		11
Interest income		—			1			1			—
Other expense, net		—			—			—			—
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(10	)		(23	)		(22	)		11
Provision for income taxes		—			—			—			—
Net (loss) income		(10	)%		(23	)%		(22	)%		11	%
Undistributed earnings attributable to participating securities		—			—			—			(7	)
Net (loss) income attributable to common stockholders		(10	)%		(23	)%		(22	)%		4	%

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2020

Net Revenue

Net revenue increased $42.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. This growth was primarily due to an increase in the volume of GMV on our marketplace to a total of $1.0 billion, an increase of 30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The increase in GMV was substantially driven by the increase in Active Buyers on the platform to 6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, a 26% increase compared to the same period in 2019, and the 3% increase in GMV per Active Buyer for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019.

Cost of Net Revenue

Cost of net revenue increased $7.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was driven by a $6.4 million increase in costs related to overall volume increases on our marketplace, including increased credit card processing fees and associated expenses, and an increase in data hosting costs of $1.2 million to support the increased usage of our platform and upgrades we made to our systems which were required to support our growth.

Operations and Support

Operations and support expense increased $6.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily driven by the overall volume increase on our marketplace, including a $3.5 million increase in net shipping costs as a result of our growth, a $1.6 million increase in credits and incentives issued to users for the purposes of dispute resolution, and a $1.4 million increase in customer service and support personnel costs as a result of increased headcount.

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Research and Development

Research and development expense increased $3.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $3.3 million in engineering personnel costs required to support the growth of our business as we launch new innovations and improve functionality on our platform.

Marketing

Marketing expense decreased $30.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to a $31.5 million decrease in spending on marketing programs, including decreased spending on television ad campaigns and digital marketing to preserve liquidity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, offset by an increase of $1.3 million in marketing personnel costs as a result of an increase in headcount to support the growth of our business.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense decreased $2.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. This decrease was primarily driven by a $2.4 million decrease in legal and consulting fees as the current year period was impacted by decreased spending on corporate initiatives and projects to preserve liquidity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, lower expenses for sales tax accruals as the prior year period included accruals of $1.0 million with no corresponding change in the current year period, and $0.5 million decrease in personnel costs, partially offset by a $1.9 million increase in chargeback costs related to the overall volume increase on our marketplace and increased fraud activity.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $0.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period in 2019. The increase was due to an increase in leasehold improvements amortization associated with our new headquarters of $0.5 million, and an increase in computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures depreciation of $0.2 million.

Interest Income

The decrease in interest income is due to the lower balance of our marketable securities and lower interest rates earned from our marketable securities.

Other Expense, Net

The increase in other expense, net is primarily due to an increase in fair value of the Convertible Notes and the write-off of debt issuance costs related to the Convertible Notes in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 with no comparable activity in the prior year period.

Provision for Income Taxes

The increase in our provision for income taxes is related to an increase in the provision for taxes resulting from the operations of our foreign subsidiaries.

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2018 and 2019

Net Revenue

Net revenue increased $56.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. This growth was primarily due to an increase in the volume of GMV on our marketplace to a total of $1.1 billion, an

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increase of 37% for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. The increase in GMV was substantially driven by the increase in Active Buyers on the platform to 5.4 million for the period ended December 31, 2019, a 44% increase compared to the prior year, partially offset by a 5% decrease in GMV per Active Buyer due to the implementation of sales tax on our platform.

Cost of Net Revenue

Cost of net revenue increased $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by a $7.9 million increase in costs related to overall volume increases on our marketplace, including increased credit card processing fees and associated expenses, and an increase in data hosting costs of $3.4 million to support more usage of our platform and upgrades we made to our systems. Cost of net revenue increased to 17% of revenue from 15% due to the implementation of sales tax, which led to lower growth in revenue than growth in fixed expenses in cost of net revenue.

Operations and Support

Operations and support expense increased $9.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily driven by the overall volume increase on our marketplace, including a $5.6 million increase in customer service and support personnel costs as a result of increased headcount, and a $2.8 million increase in net shipping costs, and a $0.8 million increase in credits and incentives issued to users for the purposes of dispute resolution.

Research and Development

Research and development expense increased $9.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to an increase of $8.5 million in engineering personnel costs. Engineering personnel costs include an increase of $2.3 million in stock-based compensation expenses primarily related to a sale of common stock by a select group of employees to other investors in excess of estimated fair value during 2019 and, to a lesser extent, a $0.8 million increase in development-related services, which were driven by our efforts to launch new innovations, improve functionality on our platform, and improve our efficiency in attracting and retaining users and converting them into buyers and sellers.

Marketing

Marketing expense increased $44.0 million in the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. The increase in marketing expenses was to help reduce friction in user growth and re-engagement as a result of our implementation of sales tax collection in April 2019. The increase was primarily due to a $37.5 million increase in spending on marketing programs, including increased spending on television ad campaigns and digital marketing to acquire users. The increase was also driven by a $3.7 million increase associated with our referral and buyer incentive programs, and an increase of $2.1 million in marketing personnel costs as a result of an increase in headcount to support the growth of our business.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense increased $16.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. This increase was primarily driven by a $6.9 million increase in personnel costs due to increased headcount (including stock-based compensation expenses of $3.5 million driven primarily by a sale of common stock by a select group of employees to other investors in excess of estimated fair value during 2019), a $3.5 million increase in legal and consulting fees due to the implementation of sales tax, a $2.0 million increase in chargeback costs related to the overall volume increase on our marketplace and increased fraud activity, a $2.1 million increase in facility costs (including rent and maintenance) associated with the lease of our new headquarters, and higher taxes, including sales tax in arrears of $1.0 million.

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Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expense increased $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 compared to the prior year. The increase was primarily due to an increase in leasehold improvements amortization associated with our new headquarters of $0.6 million, and an increase in capitalization of website and software development of $0.3 million.

Interest Income

The increase in interest income is due to interest income earned from our marketable securities.

Other Expense, Net

The decrease in other expense, net is primarily due to the proceeds from sales tax discount for timely payment of sales tax, partially offset by the change in fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability which was driven by an increase in the fair value of the underlying redeemable convertible preferred stock.

Provision for Income Taxes

The increase in our provision for income taxes is related to an increase in the provision for taxes resulting from the operations of our foreign subsidiaries.

Quarterly Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our unaudited quarterly consolidated statements of operations data for each of the quarters indicated, as well as the percentage that each line item represents of our revenue for each quarter presented. The information for each quarter has been prepared on a basis consistent with our audited consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus and reflects, in the opinion of management, all adjustments of a normal, recurring nature that are necessary for the fair statement of results of operations for these periods. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected in the future and the results of a particular quarter or other interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results for a full year. The following quarterly financial data should be read in conjunction with our “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

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	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019			June 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			June 30, 2020			September 30, 2020
	( in thousands)
Net revenue	$	52,949		$	47,572		$	49,968		$	54,736		$	57,108		$	66,870		$	68,782
Cost and expenses(1):
Cost of net revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		7,899			7,897			8,549			9,797			9,897			10,668			11,359
Operations and support		7,067			6,960			7,268			8,584			8,536			9,200			10,135
Research and development		6,281			6,175			6,269			6,308			7,076			7,067			8,083
Marketing		30,285			31,884			33,759			36,542			34,596			11,680			19,173
General and administrative		9,585			7,617			6,346			7,926			7,458			6,243			7,620
Depreciation and amortization		347			529			536			644			711			667			752
Total costs and expenses		61,464			61,062			62,727			69,801			68,274			45,525			57,122
(Loss) income from operations		(8,515	)		(13,490	)		(12,759	)		(15,065	)		(11,166	)		21,345			11,660
Interest income		444			449			412			372			328			149			63
Other expense, net
Change in fair value of the convertible notes		—			—			—			—			—			—			(516	)
Other, net		(325	)		—			(32	)		(9	)		(91	)		(312	)		(329	)
		(325	)		—			(32	)		(9	)		(91	)		(312	)		(845	)
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(8,396	)		(13,041	)		(12,379	)		(14,702	)		(10,929	)		21,182			10,878
Provision for income taxes		54			42			34			44			58			62			105
Net (loss) income	$	(8,450	)	$	(13,083	)	$	(12,413	)	$	(14,746	)	$	(10,987	)	$	21,120		$	10,773

(1) Costs and expenses include stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):

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	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019		June 30, 2019		September 30, 2019		December 31, 2019		March 31, 2020		June 30, 2020		September 30, 2020
	(in thousands)
Operations and support	$	179	$	170	$	171	$	169	$	163	$	166	$	192
Research and development		1,308		568		579		562		536		540		952
Marketing		372		313		308		313		307		308		397
General and administrative		2,110		1,007		779		779		793		649		1,080
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	3,969	$	2,058	$	1,837	$	1,823	$	1,799	$	1,663	$	2,621

	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2019			June 30, 2019			September 30, 2019			December 31, 2019			March 31, 2020			June 30, 2020			September 30, 2020
	(as a percentage of revenue)
Net revenue		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%		100	%
Cost and expenses:
Cost of net revenue, exclusive of depreciation and amortization		15			16			17			18			17			16			16
Operations and support		13			15			14			16			15			14			15
Research and development		12			13			13			12			12			11			12
Marketing		57			67			68			67			61			17			28
General and administrative		18			16			13			14			13			9			11
Depreciation and amortization		1			1			1			1			1			1			1
Total costs and expenses		116			128			126			128			119			68			83
(Loss) income from operations		(16	)		(28	)		(26	)		(28	)		(19	)		32			17
Interest income		1			1			1			1			—			—			—
Other expense, net
Change in fair value of the convertible notes		—			—			—			—			—			—			(1	)
Other, net		(1	)		—			—			—			—			—			—
		(1	)		—			—			—			—			—			(1	)
(Loss) income before provision for income taxes		(16	)		(27	)		(25	)		(27	)		(19	)		32			16
Provision for income taxes		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Net (loss) income		(16	)%		(27	)%		(25	)%		(27	)%		(19	)%		32	%		16	%

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Quarterly Trends

Net Revenue

Our quarterly revenue has increased on a year-over-year basis for each period presented as a result of increases in the volume of GMV on our marketplace. The increase in GMV was substantially driven by the increase in Active Buyers as a result of greater adoption of our platform by new buyers and improved retention of existing buyers as well as an increase in GMV per Active Buyer as a result of increased engagement of both new and existing buyers. In the second quarter of 2019, revenue decreased as compared to the prior quarter due to the impact of sales tax implementation. GMV growth decreased in the first quarter of 2020 due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic but rebounded in the second quarter of 2020 as buyer and seller activity resumed.

Cost of Net Revenue

Our quarterly cost of revenue has generally increased sequentially in each period presented primarily driven by overall volume increases on our marketplace, including increased credit card processing fees and associated expenses, and an increase in data hosting costs to support more usage of our platform and upgrades we made to our systems.

Quarterly Operating Expenses

Our total quarterly operating expenses generally increased sequentially for all periods presented as a result of our growth, primarily due to the increase of personnel-related expenses from increases in headcount to support the growth of our business, our continued investment in our platform, as well as ongoing marketing expenses related to user acquisition, public relations, marketing events, business development and retention efforts required to support our growth. In the second and third quarters of 2020, we incurred lower marketing expenses than the previous five quarters in order to preserve liquidity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We intend to continue making investments in marketing to drive future revenue growth. We also intend to continue investing in our research and development efforts to improve and expand our platform. We expect the majority of our research and development expenses will result from personnel-related expenses. In the second quarter of 2020, we incurred lower general and administrative expenses as a result of decreased spending in legal and consulting fees to preserve liquidity in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. General and administrative expenses in the quarters presented have primarily been comprised of personnel-related expenses, facility costs, and professional services fees, such as outside legal and consulting fees. General and administrative expenses are expected to increase in future fiscal quarters due to additional costs required to operate as a public company. Additionally, there was higher stock-based compensation expense incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2020, related to the secondary sale agreements. Stock-based compensation expenses are expected to increase in future fiscal quarters due to RSU vesting of prior grants upon the satisfaction of time and performance based vesting and the granting of new RSUs for new employees.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2020, our principal sources of liquidity were cash and cash equivalents of $216.6 million, and marketable securities of $30.4 million. Cash equivalents consisted of institutional money market funds, commercial paper, and cash in transit from third-party credit card providers that we receive within approximately three to five business days from the date of the underlying transaction. Marketable securities consisted of commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. Treasury securities, which mature in twelve months or less.

As of September 30, 2020, our cash and cash equivalents held by our foreign subsidiaries were not material.

Since our inception, we have most often generated negative cash flows from operations and as of September 30, 2020 we had an accumulated deficit of $122.4 million, and we have financed our operations primarily through private sales of equity securities, payments received through our platform, and the issuance of convertible debt. We

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believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditures needs over at least the next 12 months. However, our liquidity assumptions may prove to be incorrect, and we could exhaust our available financial resources sooner than we currently expect. We may seek to raise additional funds at any time through the issuance of debt, equity, and equity-linked arrangements.

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data

	Year Ended December 31,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2019			2020
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	12,051		$	(6,743	)	$	10,262		$	68,189
Investing activities		(64,760	)		(5,260	)		(5,097	)		34,134
Financing activities		303			889			828			50,883
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		—			(34	)		—			34
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(52,406	)	$	(11,148	)	$	5,993		$	153,240

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash provided by operating activities was $68.2 million, which consisted of a net income of $20.9 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $9.1 million and net cash inflows from the change in net operating assets and liabilities of $38.2 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of stock-based compensation of $6.1 million, and depreciation and amortization of $2.1 million. The net cash inflows from the change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $31.7 million increase in our funds payable to customers as a result of our growth, a $10.8 million increase in our accounts payable attributable to the timing of payments, partially offset by a $5.4 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, cash provided by operating activities was $10.3 million, which consisted of a net loss of $33.9 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $8.9 million and net cash inflows from the change in net operating assets and liabilities of $35.3 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of stock-based compensation of $7.9 million. The net cash inflows from the change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $16.3 million increase in our funds payable to customers, a $14.9 million increase in our accrued expenses and other current liabilities, and a $7.9 million increase in our accounts payable, partially offset by a $3.2 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, due to the growth of our business.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash used in operating activities was $6.7 million, which consisted primarily of a net loss of $48.7 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $11.3 million and net cash inflows from the change in net operating assets and liabilities of $30.6 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of stock-based compensation of $9.7 million. The net cash inflows from the change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $22.3 million increase in our funds payable to customers, an $18.8 million increase in our accrued expenses and other current liabilities, partially offset by a $5.8 million decrease in our accounts payable attributable to the timing of payments, and a $4.9 million increase in other assets, due to the growth of our business.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, net cash provided by operating activities was $12.1 million, which consisted of a net loss of $14.5 million, adjusted by non-cash charges of $3.7 million and net cash inflows from the change in net operating assets and liabilities of $22.8 million. The non-cash charges were primarily comprised of stock-based compensation of $2.6 million. The net cash inflows from the change in our net

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operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $21.5 million increase in our funds payable to customers, due to the growth of our business.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash provided by investing activities of $34.1 million, was mainly attributable to the proceeds from the sales and maturities of marketable securities, net of purchases.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in investing activities of $5.1 million, was mainly attributable to $2.9 million of cash used for purchases of property and equipment, including computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures to support our growth, and $2.2 million of cash used for purchases of marketable securities, net of maturities.

For the year ended December 31, 2019, net cash used in investing activities of $5.3 million, was mainly attributable to $4.2 million of cash used for purchases of property and equipment, including computer equipment, furniture, and fixtures to support our growth.

For the year ended December 31, 2018, net cash used in investing activities of $64.8 million, was mainly attributable to $63.1 million of cash used for purchases of marketable securities with the proceeds from the sale of Series D redeemable convertible preferred stock.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cash provided by financing activities was $50.9 million consisting of net proceeds of $50.0 million from the issuance of convertible notes, and proceeds of $0.9 million from the exercise of stock options.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, cash provided by financing activities was $0.8 million consisting of proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, cash provided by financing activities was $0.3 million and $0.9 million, respectively, due to proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

Concentration of Credit Risk

No customer accounted for 10% or more of our net revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

Our principal commitments consist of rental payments under our non-cancelable operating leases and purchase commitments which expire between 2020 and 2025. The following table summarizes our contractual commitments as of December 31, 2019 (in thousands):

	Payments Due by Period
	Total		Less than 1 Year		1-3 Years		3-5 Years		More than 5 Years
Operating lease commitments	$	23,561	$	4,024	$	10,981	$	8,556	$	—
Purchase commitments(1)		15,343		4,343		11,000		—		—
Total	$	38,904	$	8,367	$	21,981	$	8,556	$	—

(1) Relates to non-cancelable commitments for network and cloud services in the ordinary course of business with varying expiration terms through October 31, 2022.

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, there have been no significant changes in our contractual obligations and other commitments.

Convertible Note Financing

In September 2020, we issued the Convertible Notes to certain of our investors in an aggregate principal amount of $50.0 million. The Convertible Notes mature on September 14, 2023. The Convertible Notes do not accrue interest, except during the existence of an event of default related to non-payment of the obligations under the Convertible Notes at maturity or upon acceleration. The Convertible Notes will convert into shares of our Class A common stock in connection with the closing of a Qualified IPO at a discount to the initial public offering price. The discount to the initial public offering price will be 15%, if the closing of our initial public offering occurs prior to September 15, 2021; 20%, if the closing of our initial public offering occurs after September 15, 2021 but prior to September 15, 2022; and 25%, if the closing of our initial public offering occurs after September 15, 2022 but prior to September 15, 2023. For purposes of the Convertible Notes, a Qualified IPO is defined as an underwritten public offering of common stock under the Securities Act of 1933 in which the initial public offering price is equal to (x) the quotient of (a) at least $1.1 billion, divided by (b) the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on a fully diluted basis, and (y) the gross proceeds to us are not less than $120 million, or upon approval of holders of a majority of the outstanding redeemable convertible preferred stock. In addition, upon the consummation of certain change of control events, we would be required to prepay the Convertible Notes at par plus an applicable premium. See Note 14 to our annual consolidated financial statements for more information.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet financing arrangements or any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, including entities sometimes referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities, that were established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

Interest Rate Risk

As of September 30, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities of $247.0 million, which consisted primarily of cash held in one high-credit quality financial institution within the United States, cash in transit from third-party credit card providers, institutional money market funds, commercial paper, corporate bonds, and U.S. Treasury securities, which each carry a degree of interest rate risk. Changes in interest rates affect the interest income we earn on our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities and the fair value of our cash equivalents and marketable securities. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations due to the short-term nature of our investment portfolio as of September 30, 2020.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

Our revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars. Our expenses are primarily denominated in U.S. dollars, except for our non-U.S. operations, which are denominated in the local currency. As our operations in countries outside of the United States grow, our results of operations and cash flows may be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To date, these fluctuations have not been material. As exchange rates vary, our

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operating loss may differ from expectations. To date, we have not entered into any foreign currency hedging contracts, although we may do so in the future. A hypothetical 10% increase or decrease in the relative value of the U.S. dollar to other currencies would not have a material effect on our operating results as of September 30, 2020.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus are prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements also requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ significantly from our estimates. To the extent that there are differences between our estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows will be affected.

We believe that the accounting policies described below involve a significant degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, we believe these are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations. For further information, see Note 2 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when we satisfy our performance obligations. We consider both sellers and buyers to be customers. We generate revenue from sellers for fees earned when sellers sell items they have listed on our social marketplace to buyers. We generate revenue from buyers for fees earned when they purchase shipping labels used for delivery of the items purchased. We periodically reassess our revenue recognition policies as new offerings become material and business models evolve. We recognize revenue net of estimated returns and cancellations based on our historical experience. Transactions may be cancelled by a buyer or seller in certain circumstances. In 2018 and 2019, cancellations were 12% and 12%, respectively, of GMV, including returns which were 2% and 2%, respectively, of GMV. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, cancellations were 11% of GMV, including returns which were 2% of GMV. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, cancellations were 13% of GMV, including returns which were 2% of GMV.

We enter into the TOS with buyers and sellers to use our technology platform. The TOS governs these parties’ use of the platform, including payment terms for the buyer and the seller and services to be provided by us. Under the TOS, upon the buyer’s purchase from the seller, the buyer, the seller and we are committed to perform and enforceable rights and obligations are established.

Sellers

Sellers are able to list their items for sale on our social marketplace at no charge. We charge a fee upon the sale of items listed on our social marketplace. The fee is 20% of the final price for sales $15 and over, or a flat rate of $2.95 for sales under $15. The service we provide to sellers includes the facilitation of the sale of their items as well as certain ancillary activities such as payment processing and authentication (for luxury items). These activities comprise a single performance obligation to sellers, which is to facilitate the sale of the listed items between sellers and buyers on our platform (sale facilitation).

We evaluate the presentation of revenue from sellers on a gross or net basis based on whether we act as a principal or an agent in the sale of listed items between sellers and buyers. We do not control the listed items at any time prior to the transfer of such items to buyers. We act as an agent in facilitating the sale of items from sellers to buyers by allowing them to connect and interact on our social marketplace. We are not primarily responsible for fulfillment of purchased items, do not have inventory risk, and do not set the price for the listed item. As such, we report revenue from sellers on a net basis to reflect the fees received from sellers.

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Revenue is recognized at the point in time we satisfy the performance obligation to facilitate the sale of a listed item. This occurs when both the seller and the buyer agree to a sale and the payment is processed on our platform. For luxury items authenticated by us, sale facilitation revenue is recognized when we authenticate and arrange for shipment of the items to the buyer, as this is the point in time a sale is finalized and we have satisfied its performance obligation.

Buyers

When a sale is finalized, the buyer purchases a shipping label from the USPS through our platform. We email the shipping label to the seller and the seller ships the item to the buyer through the shipping provider, USPS. We do not purchase the shipping label on behalf of the buyer until after the buyer has purchased an item and has remitted payment. As a result, we have one performance obligation to buyers, which is to facilitate the sale of shipping labels to buyers for the delivery of items purchased on our platform (shipping facilitation).

We evaluate the presentation of revenue from buyers on a gross or net basis based on whether we act as a principal or an agent in shipment of listed items between sellers and buyers. We do not control the shipping service, which is provided by the shipping provider. We are not primarily responsible for shipping, and we do not assume any of the risks for the items shipped such as risk of damage or loss during shipping. We act as an agent of the buyer in facilitating the shipping. As such, we report revenue on a net basis which is the difference between the shipping fee paid by the buyer and the cost of shipping labels paid to the shipping provider.

Revenue from shipping facilitation is recognized upon transfer of the shipping label to the seller on behalf of the buyer.

We estimate chargebacks based on historical collectability rates. We record a reserve for chargebacks in accrued expenses and other current liabilities with an offset to general and administrative expenses. Chargebacks have not been material for all periods presented.

Sales tax and other amounts collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from the transaction price.

Incentives

Under the referral program, an existing user (the referrer) earns an incentive (Posh Credit) when a new user (the referee) first buys an item on our platform. Posh Credits are not redeemable for cash and can only be applied for purchases on our platform. We record the incentive to the referrer, which is in exchange for a distinct referral service, as a liability at the time the incentive is earned by the referrer with a corresponding charge recorded to marketing expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Credits and incentives issued to existing users for referring new users are contingent upon a new user completing an initial purchase on our platform and represent an incremental cost of obtaining a contract with a customer. We expense such new user referral incentives as marketing expense when the referral incentives are earned because the amortization period would be one year or less.

We have several buyer incentive programs, which are offered to encourage buyer activity on our platform. These promotions reduce the fees we charge for shipping facilitation. Accordingly, we record these incentives as a reduction to revenue from the buyer when the incentive is used by the buyer. Amounts in excess of cumulative shipping facilitation revenue earned are presented as marketing expense in our consolidated statements of operations.

We participate in certain joint incentive programs with sellers that are recorded as a reduction to the fees received from the seller.

We may elect to issue incentives to buyers for customer satisfaction purposes or for refunds. These incentives (which are in the form of Posh Credits) can be applied towards future orders and, thereby, results in a

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reduced fee earned by us from the buyer, or redeemable credits that can also be redeemed for cash. In cases where the seller performed as required by our TOS, we reduce shipping facilitation revenue earned on the transaction and any cumulative revenue earned from the same buyer for Posh Credits and redeemable credits granted. If the amount of the incentive exceeds cumulative revenues from the buyer, then the excess is presented as operations and support expense in the consolidated statements of operations. If refunds are provided in a case where the seller did not perform and the amount cannot be recovered from the seller, the refund is presented as a reduction of revenue.

Stock-Based Compensation

We grant stock-based awards consisting of stock options and RSUs to employees and consultants.

RSUs vest upon the satisfaction of both time-based service and performance-based conditions. The time-based vesting condition for the majority of these awards is satisfied over four years. The performance-based vesting condition is satisfied upon the occurrence of a qualifying event, which is generally defined as a change in control transaction or the effective date of a Qualified IPO. Because no qualifying event has occurred, we have not recognized any stock-based compensation expense for the RSUs. In the period in which the qualifying event is probable, we will record a cumulative one-time stock-based compensation expense determined using the grant-date fair values and the accelerated attribution method. If our IPO had occurred on September 30, 2020, we would have recognized $7.2 million of stock-based compensation expense for RSUs that had satisfied or partially satisfied the time-based vesting condition on that date, calculated using the accelerated attribution method, and would have $32.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost that represents the grants that have not met the time-based condition as of September 30, 2020. Stock-based compensation related to remaining time-based service after the qualifying event will be recorded over the remaining requisite service period using the accelerated attribution method. RSUs granted after the performance condition occurs will continue to be measured using the grant date fair values and will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the service period.

Stock-based compensation expense for employee stock options is measured based on the grant-date fair value of the awards and is recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, net of forfeitures. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur.

We estimate the fair value of stock options granted to employees and directors using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include per share fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected annual dividend yield, and expected stock price volatility over the expected term. For all stock options granted, we calculated the expected term using the simplified method. We have no publicly available stock information. Therefore, we have used the historical volatility of the stock price of similar publicly traded peer companies to estimate volatility of our equity awards granted. The risk-free interest rate is based on the yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues similar in duration to the expected term of the equity-settled award.

The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used in estimating the fair value of stock options granted during each of the periods presented:

	Year Ended December 31,		Nine Months Ended September, 30
	2018	2019	2019	2020
Expected dividend yield	-	-	-	-
Expected volatility	39.7% - 41.8%	39.7% - 46.2%	39.7% - 40.7%	51.8%
Risk-free interest rate	2.7% - 3.0%	1.7% - 2.6%	1.9% - 2.6%	0.5%
Expected term (in years)	5.9 - 6.1	5.4 - 6.1	5.4 - 6.1	6.1

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Common Stock Valuation

Prior to this offering, given the absence of a public trading market of our common stock and in accordance with the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Accounting and Valuation Guide, Valuation of Privately-Held Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation, our board of directors determined the best estimated fair value of our common stock exercising reasonable judgment and considering numerous objective and subjective factors. These factors included:

• independent third-party valuations of our common stock;

• the prices at which we or other holders sold our common and redeemable convertible preferred stock to outside investors in arms-length transactions;

• the rights, preferences, and privileges of our redeemable convertible preferred stock relative to those of our common stock;

• our financial condition, results of operations and capital resources;

• the industry outlook;

• the valuation of selected comparable public companies;

• the lack of marketability of our common stock;

• the fact that option grants have involved rights in illiquid securities in a private company;

• valuations published by institutional investors that hold our capital stock;

• the likelihood of achieving a liquidity event, such as an initial public offering or a sale of our company given prevailing market conditions;

• the history and nature of our business, industry trends, and competitive environment; and

• general economic outlook including economic growth, inflation and unemployment, interest rate, environment and global economic trends.

Our board of directors determined the fair value of our common stock by first determining the equity value of our business and then allocating the value among the various classes of our equity securities to derive a per share value of our common stock.

The equity value of our business was estimated either by reference to the closest round of equity financing preceding the date of the valuation or using the market approach. The market approach estimates the value of our business by using market multiples based on publicly traded companies with financial and operating characteristics similar to our business, resulting in guideline public company multiples.

In allocating the equity value of our business among the various classes of stock, we used a combination of the option pricing method, or OPM, and the probability weighted expected return method, or PWERM, across multiple scenarios, thus using a hybrid method. We use OPM to estimate the allocation of value within one or more of these scenarios. The OPM models each class of stock as a future call option with a unique claim on our assets. The significant unobservable inputs into the valuation model used to estimate the fair value of our common stock include the timing of potential events, such as an IPO and other liquidity events and their probability of occurring, the selection of guideline public company multiples, the projected future cash flows, and the discount rate used to calculate the present-value of the estimated equity value allocated to each share class.

After the allocation to the various classes of stock, a discount for lack of marketability, or DLOM, is applied to arrive at a fair value of the common stock. A DLOM is meant to account for the lack of marketability of a stock that is not traded on public exchanges. In our selection of the appropriate DLOM at each valuation date, we considered the implied discounts from the various studies and quantitative models such as the Restricted Stock Studies, Longstaff Model, European Protective Put Option Model, Finnerty Model, and Asian Protective Put Option Model, as well as the earlier stage of development of the company, uncertainty of specific timing of a

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liquidity event, and high implied volatility of common stock compared to the selected asset/equity volatility. The DLOM was 15.0% for each of the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2019, as well as 15.0% and 15.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2020, respectively. Additionally, in making the final determination of common stock value, consideration is also given to the recent sales of common stock.

Application of these approaches involves the use of estimates, judgments, and assumptions that are highly complex and subjective, such as those regarding our expected future revenue, expenses, and future cash flows, discount rates, market multiples, the selection of comparable companies, and the probability of possible future events. Changes in any or all of these estimates and assumptions or the relationships between those assumptions impact our valuations as of each valuation date and may have a material impact on the valuation of our common stock. For valuations after the completion of this initial public offering, our board of directors will determine the fair value of each share of underlying common stock based on the closing price of our common stock as reported on the date of grant. Based on the assumed initial public offering price per share of $37.00, which is the midpoint of the estimated offering price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the aggregate intrinsic value of our outstanding stock options as of September 30, 2020 was $252.6 million, with $179.8 million related to vested stock options.

Internal Use Software

We capitalize certain costs associated with website development and software for internal use. The costs incurred in the preliminary stages of website and software development are expensed as incurred. Once an application has reached the development stage, internal and external costs, if direct and incremental and deemed by management to be significant, are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated life of the asset. Maintenance and enhancement costs, including those costs in the post-implementation stages, are typically expensed as incurred, unless such costs relate to substantial upgrades and enhancements to the website or software that result in added functionality which are capitalized and amortized over their estimated useful lives. Capitalized costs are included in property and equipment, net on our consolidated balance sheets.    

JOBS Act Accounting Election

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have elected to use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until the earlier of the date we (i) are no longer an emerging growth company or (ii) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. As a result, our financial statements may not be comparable to companies that comply with new or revised accounting pronouncements as of public company effective dates.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our annual consolidated financial statements “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” for more information.

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A LETTER FROM MANISH CHANDRA, FOUNDER AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I learned to appreciate the value of community at an early age while growing up in India.

I spent summers with my grandfather at his pharmaceutical shop in Chandni Chowk, one of the oldest and busiest markets in Old Delhi. Each day, I explored the market, observing customers interacting with effervescent shop owners who were selling everything from clothes and spices to metalworks and more. Unique deals were being negotiated all around me. You could feel the energy of every sale and the vibrancy of people meeting and coming together. It was magical.

In the decades since, the way people shop has changed dramatically, evolving from small, local retailers on main streets, to big department stores in malls, and ultimately to eCommerce. It seems that we have shifted towards more anonymized, commoditized, and transactional purchases than any time before in the rich history of human commerce. In this world, our instant gratification purchases often pile up in closets, some even with the tags still on—items lacking the joy of a discovery or a personalized deal.

This led me to wonder—why couldn’t online shopping be as social, exciting, and personal as it was before eCommerce “disrupted” retail? Would people sell and recirculate items from their closets? And could we recreate community around the shopping experience? Right around that time, the iPhone 4 launched, and the answers became clear. I saw a future where technology could reinvent shopping by connecting and empowering everyday people. A future where anyone could make money selling their style, simply with their phone. One where we could give a second life to millions of items. All I had to do was figure out how to make selling online so easy that anyone with a closet could do it.

As an engineer, I approached the challenge of reimagining retail’s future by developing a blueprint. It centered on three must-haves: 1) social, to make shopping fun and human again, 2) sustainable, both socially and environmentally, and 3) data- and technology-driven, to make it simple and easy for anyone to discover, shop, buy, and sell.

To build this, I needed the right team—a team who believed in the vision and had a diversity of experience and perspective across eCommerce, technology, fashion, and social commerce. I brought together Tracy Sun, Gautam Golwala, and Chetan Pungaliya, three leaders whose partnership, expertise, and commitment has proven to be invaluable in creating our social marketplace.

In 2011, we launched Poshmark.

Of course we had high hopes for the business, but we never imagined the kind of impact that Poshmark would have on millions of people’s lives. Every day, we hear from Poshers who proudly share their stories. I think of Kristin and Korinne, a single mother and her daughter who combined their selling forces to make enough money to send Korinne to the college of her dreams. Alex, who was diagnosed with a rare autoimmune disorder and started selling on Poshmark to pay off her medical bills. Tina, a domestic violence survivor who sold clothes from her closet to provide her enough financial independence and confidence to leave her difficult circumstances. And Danee, who no longer has to worry about paying for essentials like groceries and more thanks to her Poshmark business.

It is an honor and privilege to empower the millions of people who make Poshmark what it is—a community that embraces individuality, provides support, fuels circularity, and encourages dream chasing. What makes Poshmark so special is that people can pursue their own ambitions and define their own success. The result is a dynamic market, alive with the energy of people coming together. Something truly magical.

With immense gratitude, we recognize those who bring heart and hustle to our social marketplace every day. One of the ways this will come to life is through our Heart and Hustle Community Fund for Poshmark sellers looking to grow their businesses. Through the fund, we will distribute grants and offer mentorship opportunities to help our sellers take their businesses to new heights.

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Looking to the future, our promise is to relentlessly serve our community, to constantly innovate, and to dedicate ourselves to delivering business performance that is sustainable for the long term. We look forward to welcoming our new investors on this journey with us.

I sincerely thank the Poshmark community, Team Posh, our board and investors, and everyone who has believed in us. Together we have proven that style can be sustainable and shopping can have a soul.

Manish Chandra

Founder and CEO

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BUSINESS

Mission

Our mission is to put people at the heart of commerce, empowering everyone to thrive.

Overview

We are a social marketplace that combines the human connection of a physical shopping experience with the scale, reach, ease, and selection benefits of eCommerce. In doing so, we bring the power of community to buying and selling online. We created Poshmark in 2011 to make buying and selling simple, social, and fun. Pairing technology with the inherent human desire to socialize, our marketplace creates passion and personal connections among users. In 2019, our Active Users spent an average of 27 minutes a day on our marketplace browsing, shopping, buying, selling, and connecting with each other via 20.5 billion social interactions. We dynamically curate our marketplace into lifestyle categories that our users love, including apparel, accessories, footwear, home, and beauty. Powered by our proprietary technology, our social marketplace is purpose-built to enable simple transactions, seamless logistics, and an engaging experience at scale. As of September 30, 2020, there were over 201 million secondhand and new items for sale across 9,431 brands on our marketplace. As of September 30, 2020, we had 31.7 million Active Users, 6.2 million Active Buyers, and 4.5 million Active Sellers.

We empower people to sell a few items or to become successful entrepreneurs by providing them with end-to-end seller tools. We refer to this as “making selling a superpower.” Our comprehensive infrastructure makes it easy for sellers, from casual consumers to professional sellers, brands, and retailers, to build their businesses with seamless listing, merchandising, promotion, pricing, and shipping. Sellers use content, inventory selection, and social interactions to monetize their listings. Our transparent fee structure aligns our success with the success of our sellers. Our fee is 20% of the final price for sales $15 and over, or a flat rate of $2.95 for sales under $15. We attract, engage, and retain sellers by creating a vibrant community where sellers can use their personal passion for economic empowerment.

Our social features make the discovery and purchase process simple and enticing for buyers, fostering high engagement and retention. In 2019, 87% of items purchased were preceded by a like, comment, or offer on our marketplace. We enable buyers to discover, connect, and curate their network and news feed with that of other users who share similar styles and personal preferences, creating a fun shopping experience. Our marketplace is vast, with sellers listing millions of secondhand and new items across multiple categories. We use data-driven personalization to customize each user’s feed to feature the most relevant listings and make it easy to quickly search for and find products of interest. Furthermore, sellers list a variety of items across all price points, with the added benefit of being able to negotiate offers directly with buyers seeking to optimize their budget, allowing sellers to manage their listings to achieve their individual objectives. Because our marketplace features a massive selection of secondhand items, buyers are also able to support their personal style while minimizing their environmental impact.

The scale of our community of users, buyers, and sellers, creates network effects that drive growth in our social marketplace. We make it easy for buyers and sellers to build and deepen relationships through a variety of social mechanisms designed to foster social interactions, create community, and drive engagement. As users join our community, they interact with one another and build personal networks through likes, comments, shares, follows, offers, and purchases. Each day in 2019, there were, on average, over 56 million social interactions on our marketplace, including 38 million shares. In 2019, we also saw a 34% increase in social interactions per Active User as compared to 2018. This engagement attracts new sellers who, in turn, increase the breadth and depth on our marketplace, and ultimately attract more buyers. Buyers often convert to becoming sellers after experiencing the ease and value of selling on our marketplace. At any time, a user may be a buyer, a seller, or both. This high velocity flywheel of community engagement drives strong monetization potential and an attractive business model

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with efficient user acquisition dynamics. Of all buyers who activated between 2012 and 2018, 34% of these buyers also activated as sellers by year end 2019, and of all sellers who activated between 2012 and 2018, 39% of these sellers activated as buyers by year end 2019. In addition, in 2019, 48% of sellers used a portion of their earnings on our marketplace to make a purchase on our marketplace in the same year.

Proprietary technology and data underpin our community, social marketplace, logistics, and payments. Our eCommerce technology allows seamless, secure transaction capabilities in a highly distributed network across millions of buyers and sellers, without having to touch or own physical inventory. We rely on data science to personalize every user’s feed while offering powerful, easy to use tools to drive seller success. The result is a unique ecosystem built for social commerce, which leverages social tools to humanize the online shopping experience and harnesses community engagement, while providing an integrated end-to-end system across the transaction cycle, from shopping to shipping.

The engagement of our community has fueled strong growth in our business, supported by attractive unit economics and efficient user acquisition. We do not own or manage inventory as all products are listed, managed, sold, and shipped by our sellers, utilizing our transaction tools that makes the selling process seamless and easy. This asset-light model creates scalability and favorable working capital dynamics. As of September 30, 2020, our community has generated $4.0 billion in GMV since 2011, with $1.3 billion in the four quarters ended September 30, 2020 and $1.0 billion in the four quarters ended September 30, 2019, representing a 30% growth rate. We win when our sellers win; we earn our revenue based on a simple fee from each successful transaction that is conducted on our marketplace. In the four quarters ended September 30, 2020, we had revenue of $247.5 million and we generated net income of $6.2 million, and an Adjusted EBITDA of $17.5 million. In the quarter ended September 30, 2020, we had GMV of $375.4 million, revenue of $68.8 million, net income of $10.8 million, and Adjusted EBITDA of $15.0 million.

ACTIVE SELLRS(1)$33AVERAGE ORDER VALUE(2)48%USED EARNINGS TO BUY SELLERS BUILD FOLLOWINGS AND PERSONAL BRANDS 31.7M ACTIVE USERS $1.3B GMV 27 MINS SPENT DAILY BUYERS DISCOVER NEW ITEMS, PEOPLE, AND BRANDS 6.2M AVTIVE BUYERS(1) 6+ ORDERS ER AVTIVE BUYER(2) 87% OF ITEMS PURCHASED WERE PRECEDED BY A SOCIAL ACTION

The Future of Online Shopping is Social

While eCommerce has improved the offline shopping experience in some ways, the personalization element remains a challenge. The growth in eCommerce has been driven by the substantial improvements that buying

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online brings to buyers over in-person shopping: easy access to unparalleled scale and diversity of brands, styles, and price points. However, the sheer scale of online inventory can often overwhelm potential customers who must sift through a daunting selection of items, fits, and styles. Despite some advances in personalization, the online buyer experience is still largely one-way and transactional.

In the offline shopping experience, product discovery is inherently social. Shoppers are seeking the same in the digital world and increasingly turn to one another for recommendations and validation online. Social technology platforms take a central role in facilitating personal, meaningful interactions at scale through photos and discovery-based content. In addition, consumers increasingly favor resale shopping, fueled by the desire for sustainable consumption and increased orientation towards value. Buyers today care more about the environmental impact of their consumption. According to Nielsen, 73% of consumers would change their consumption habits in order to minimize their impact on the environment.

From the seller perspective, people continue to find ways to pursue their passions with a digital “side-hustle” or as digital entrepreneurs, earning additional income along the way. This has led to the rise of the “Passion Economy,” a new way for people to monetize their skills, with the freedom to work when, how, and where they want. The growing demand for social shopping online creates a meaningful opportunity for sellers to expand their potential customer base from local to global, with the data-driven ability to reach, acquire, and retain buyers.

The Poshmark Solution

Poshmark makes buying and selling simple, social, and fun.

CONNECT follow users & brands and like your favorite items SHOP ask sellers for styling advice 5 bundled pricing BUY make a purchase in one click DISCOVER browse 200M* items and 9 4x brands LIST put an item up for sale in 60 seconds SHARE broadcast items to millions of users SELL BUYER EXPERIENCE SELLER EXPERIENCE receive an immediate notification when your item is sold SHARES how off your purchase using Posh Stories EARN earn 60% of the sale price on sales of $15 or above SHIP mail sold items with a pre-paid Posh Post shipping label

Benefits to Buyers

Social and fun. Our shopping experience flourishes because of authentic human connection. We enable our buyers to grow their personal networks on our marketplace, driving positive social feedback, long-term engagement, and repeat purchases. Our community builds relationships through a variety of social actions and encourages sellers to style and promote each other’s items. Through Likes, Posh Parties, conversations, styling “Bundles,” and negotiations, we have brought the benefits of the real-world shopping experience online.

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