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INCOME TAXES - 10-K
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Private GRI  
Income Taxes [Line Items]  
INCOME TAXES INCOME TAXES
The difference between the provision for income taxes and the amount expected by applying the federal statutory rate of 21% to pre-tax loss is due to the following:
Year Ended
December 31,
20222021
Expected tax benefit based on federal statutory rate$(676)$(328)
State tax benefit(242)(144)
Permanent differences288 567 
Increase (decrease) in valuation allowance630 (95)
Provision for income taxes$— $— 
Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities, and the related valuation allowance, are as follows as of:
December 31,
20222021
Net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards$3,505 $2,879 
Stock-based compensation188 188 
Accrued compensation10 42 
Operating lease liabilities21 34 
Operating lease right-of-use assets(20)(34)
Capitalized research and experimental expenditures68 — 
Depreciation and amortization7 (2)
State income taxes(235)(193)
Valuation allowance(3,544)(2,914)
Net deferred tax asset$— $— 
A valuation allowance has been recorded for the full amount of the net deferred tax asset due to uncertainties regarding its realizability.
As of December 31, 2022, federal NOL carryforwards totaled $11,652, of which $6,124 expires from 2029 to 2037 and $5,528 does not expire. As of December 31, 2022, California NOL carryforwards totaled $11,966 and
expire from 2029 to 2042. The future annual utilization of NOL carryforwards may become limited due to changes in ownership. The annual limitation may result in the carryforwards not being fully utilized prior to expiration.