Segment information - Reconciliation of profit from reportable segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Segment Reporting Information
Total sales and revenues	$ 64,809	$ 67,060	$ 59,427
Less:
Cost of goods sold	40,199	42,767	41,350
Reclassification before tax	13,373	13,050	8,752
Total from Reportable Segments
Less:
Reclassification before tax	15,366	15,654	10,743
Total from Reportable Segments | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Total sales and revenues	70,751	72,787	64,588
Less:
Cost of goods sold	45,509	47,900	46,104
SG&A/R&D	7,394	7,008	6,252
Other segment reporting items	2,482	2,225	1,489
Reclassification before tax	15,366	15,654	10,743
Construction Industries | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Total sales and revenues	25,455	27,418	25,269
Less:
Cost of goods sold	17,326	18,658	18,924
SG&A/R&D	1,931	1,844	1,629
Other segment reporting items	33	(59)	(27)
Reclassification before tax	6,165	6,975	4,743
Resource Industries | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Total sales and revenues	12,389	13,583	12,314
Less:
Cost of goods sold	8,387	9,367	9,249
SG&A/R&D	1,451	1,389	1,308
Other segment reporting items	18	(7)	(70)
Reclassification before tax	2,533	2,834	1,827
Energy & Transportation
Segment Reporting Information
Total sales and revenues	24,088	23,355	19,337
Energy & Transportation | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Total sales and revenues	28,854	28,001	23,752
Less:
Cost of goods sold	19,796	19,875	17,931
SG&A/R&D	3,241	3,084	2,655
Other segment reporting items	81	106	(143)
Reclassification before tax	5,736	4,936	3,309
Financial Products Segment | Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information
Total sales and revenues	4,053	3,785	3,253
Less:
Cost of goods sold	0	0	0
SG&A/R&D	771	691	660
Other segment reporting items	2,350	2,185	1,729
Reclassification before tax	$ 932	$ 909	$ 864