Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Cash flow from operating activities:
Profit (loss) of consolidated and affiliated companies	$ 6,148	$ 759	$ (59)
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation and amortization	2,766	2,877	3,034
Actuarial (gain) loss on pension and postretirement benefits	495	301	985
Provision (benefit) for deferred income taxes	220	1,213	(431)
Goodwill impairment charge	0	0	595
Other	1,006	750	859
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables - trade and other	(1,619)	(1,151)	829
Inventories	(1,579)	(1,295)	1,109
Accounts payable	709	1,478	(200)
Accrued expenses	101	175	(201)
Accrued wages, salaries and employee benefits	(162)	1,187	(708)
Customer advances	(183)	(8)	(41)
Other assets - net	41	(192)	224
Other liabilities - net	(1,385)	(388)	(356)
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	6,558	5,706	5,639
Cash flow from investing activities:
Capital expenditures - excluding equipment leased to others	(1,276)	(898)	(1,109)
Expenditures for equipment leased to others	(1,640)	(1,438)	(1,819)
Proceeds from disposals of leased assets and property, plant and equipment	936	1,164	899
Additions to finance receivables	(12,183)	(11,953)	(9,339)
Collections of finance receivables	10,901	12,018	9,369
Proceeds from sale of finance receivables	477	127	127
Investments and acquisitions (net of cash acquired)	(392)	(59)	(191)
Proceeds from sale of businesses and investments (net of cash sold)	16	100	0
Proceeds from sale of securities	442	932	694
Investments in securities	(506)	(1,048)	(391)
Other - net	13	89	(20)
Net cash provided by (used for) investing activities	(3,212)	(966)	(1,780)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Dividends paid	(1,951)	(1,831)	(1,799)
Common stock issued, including treasury shares reissued	313	566	(23)
Common shares repurchased	(3,798)	0	0
Proceeds from debt issued (original maturities greater than three months):
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	57	361	6
Financial Products	8,850	8,702	5,109
Payments on debt (original maturities greater than three months):
Machinery, Energy & Transportation	(7)	(1,465)	(533)
Financial Products	(7,822)	(6,923)	(6,035)
Short-term borrowings - net (original maturities three months or less)	762	(3,058)	140
Other - net	(54)	(9)	(8)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(3,650)	(3,657)	(3,143)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(126)	38	(28)
Increase (decrease) in cash and short-term investments and restricted cash	(430)	1,121	688
Cash and short- term investments and restricted cash at beginning of period	8,320	7,199	6,511
Cash and short- term investments and restricted cash at end of period	$ 7,890	$ 8,320	$ 7,199