Consolidated Results of Operations - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions		12 Months Ended
		Dec. 31, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Sales and revenues:
Sales and revenues		$ 54,722	$ 45,462	$ 38,537
Cost of goods sold		36,997	31,260	28,044
Operating costs:
Selling, general and administrative expenses		5,478	4,999	4,383
Research and development expenses		1,850	1,842	1,853
Interest expense of Financial Products		722	646	596
Goodwill impairment charge		0	0	595
Other operating (income) expenses		1,382	2,255	1,904
Total operating costs		46,429	41,002	37,375
Operating profit		8,293	4,460	1,162
Interest expense excluding Financial Products		404	531	505
Other income (expense)		(67)	153	(518)
Consolidated profit before taxes		7,822	4,082	139
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		1,698	3,339	192
Profit (loss) of consolidated companies		6,124	743	(53)
Equity in profit (loss) of unconsolidated affiliated companies		24	16	(6)
Profit (loss) of consolidated and affiliated companies		6,148	759	(59)
Less: Profit (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		1	5	8
Profit (loss)	[1]	$ 6,147	$ 754	$ (67)
Profit (loss) per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 10.39	$ 1.27	$ (0.11)
Profit (loss) per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	[2],[3]	$ 10.26	$ 1.26	$ (0.11)
Weighted-average common shares outstanding (millions)
Basic (in shares)		591.4	591.8	584.3
Diluted (in shares)	[2],[3]	599.4	599.3	584.3
Machinery, Energy & Transportation
Sales and revenues:
Sales and revenues		$ 51,822	$ 42,676	$ 35,773
Financial Service [Member]
Sales and revenues:
Sales and revenues		$ 2,900	$ 2,786	$ 2,764

[1] 1 Profit (loss) attributable to common shareholders.

[2] 2 Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards, using the treasury stock method.

[3] 3 In 2016, the assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards was not considered because the impact would be antidilutive.