Restructuring Costs (Tables)

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2018

Restructuring Charges [Abstract]

Restructuring and related costs

Restructuring costs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

(Millions of dollars)	Three Months Ended June 30
	2018		2017
Employee separations 1	$	45	$	42
Contract terminations 1	—		17
Long-lived asset impairments 1	30		63
Other 2	39		47
Total restructuring costs	$	114	$	169
	Six Months Ended June 30
	2018		2017
Employee separations 1	$	78	$	506
Contract terminations 1	—		26
Long-lived asset impairments 1	30		275
Defined benefit plan curtailments and termination benefits 3	—		29
Other 2	75		85
Total restructuring costs	$	183	$	921
1 Recognized in Other operating (income) expenses.
2 Represents costs related to our restructuring programs, primarily for accelerated depreciation, project management costs and equipment relocation (all of which are primarily included in Cost of goods sold).
3 Recognized in Other income (expense).

Summary of separation activity

The following table summarizes the 2017 and 2018 employee separation activity:

(Millions of dollars)
Liability balance at December 31, 2016	$	147
Increase in liability (separation charges)	525
Reduction in liability (payments)	(423		)
Liability balance at December 31, 2017	$	249
Increase in liability (separation charges)	78
Reduction in liability (payments)	(150		)
Liability balance at June 30, 2018	$	177