Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation and Change in Accounting Principle (Details 2) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended
		Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Jun. 30, 2017	Jun. 30, 2016	Mar. 31, 2017	Jan. 01, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016	Mar. 31, 2016	Dec. 31, 2015
Statement of Results of Operations
Cost of goods sold		$ 7,769	$ 7,419	$ 14,527	$ 14,241
Selling, general and administrative expenses		1,289	1,123	2,334	2,211
Research and development expenses		453	468	871	976
Other operating (income) expenses		407	399	1,432	796
Total operating costs		10,080	9,557	19,485	18,524
Operating profit		1,251	785	1,668	1,279
Other income (expense)		29	84	24	84
Consolidated profit before taxes		1,159	739	1,448	1,104
Provision (benefit) for income taxes		361	184	451	276
Profit of consolidated companies		798	555	997	828
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		803	553	997	825
Profit	[1]	$ 802	$ 550	$ 994	$ 821
Profit per common share (in dollars per share)		$ 1.36	$ 0.94	$ 1.69	$ 1.41
Profit per common share - diluted (in dollars per share)	[2]	$ 1.35	$ 0.93	$ 1.67	$ 1.40
Statement of Comprehensive Income
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		$ 803	$ 553	$ 997	$ 825
Foreign currency translation, net of tax		324	(103)	471	305
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		356	(140)	568	402
Comprehensive income		1,159	413	1,565	1,227
Comprehensive income attributable to stockholders		1,158	410	1,562	1,223
Statement of Financial Position
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes		2,866		2,866				$ 2,790
Liability for postemployment benefits		9,248		9,248				9,357
Profit employed in the business		27,471		27,471				27,377
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		(1,471)	(1,633)	(1,471)	(1,633)	$ (1,827)		(2,039)	$ (1,493)	$ (2,035)
Statement of Shareholders' Equity
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		803	553	997	825
Foreign currency translation, net of tax		324	(103)	471	305
Pension and other postretirement benefits, net of tax				0	98
Total stockholders' equity		14,079	15,303	14,079	15,303		$ 13,228	$ 13,213		$ 14,885
Statement of Cash Flow
Profit of consolidated and affiliated companies		$ 803	$ 553	997	825
Adjustments for non-cash items: Other				487	368
Other assets - net				(280)	(127)
Other liabilities - net				$ 90	$ (193)

[1] 1 Profit attributable to common shareholders.

[2] 2 Diluted by assumed exercise of stock-based compensation awards using the treasury stock method.