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Postemployment benefit plans (Details 2) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
3 Months Ended 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Change in benefit obligation:          
Actuarial losses (gains) $ 214 $ 2,634 $ 179 $ 2,624 $ (3,441)
U.S. Pension Benefits          
Change in benefit obligation:          
Benefit obligation, beginning of year     16,249 14,419  
Service cost     181 157 196
Interest cost     608 648 581
Plan amendments     0 0  
Actuarial losses (gains)     (384) 1,994  
Foreign currency exchange rates     0 0  
Participant contributions     0 0  
Benefits paid - gross     (890) (963)  
Less: federal subsidy on benefits paid     0 0  
Curtailments, settlements and termination benefits     28 (6)  
Acquisitions, divestitures and other     0 0  
Benefit obligation, end of year 15,792 16,249 15,792 16,249 14,419
Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year $ 15,550 $ 15,701 $ 15,550 $ 15,701  
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:          
Discount rate (as a percent) 4.20% 3.80% 4.20% 3.80%  
Rate of compensation increase (as a percent) 4.00% 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%  
Non-U.S. Pension Benefits          
Change in benefit obligation:          
Benefit obligation, beginning of year     $ 4,801 $ 4,609  
Service cost     110 109 120
Interest cost     146 185 166
Plan amendments     0 0  
Actuarial losses (gains)     (152) 570  
Foreign currency exchange rates     (307) (402)  
Participant contributions     8 9  
Benefits paid - gross     (191) (206)  
Less: federal subsidy on benefits paid     0 0  
Curtailments, settlements and termination benefits     (60) (53)  
Acquisitions, divestitures and other     0 (20)  
Benefit obligation, end of year $ 4,355 $ 4,801 4,355 4,801 4,609
Accumulated benefit obligation, end of year $ 4,024 $ 4,408 $ 4,024 $ 4,408  
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:          
Discount rate (as a percent) 3.20% 3.30% 3.20% 3.30%  
Rate of compensation increase (as a percent) 3.80% 4.00% 3.80% 4.00%  
Other Postretirement Benefits          
Change in benefit obligation:          
Benefit obligation, beginning of year     $ 4,938 $ 4,784  
Service cost     101 82 108
Interest cost     181 213 195
Plan amendments     3 (1)  
Actuarial losses (gains)     (625) 193  
Foreign currency exchange rates     (43) (27)  
Participant contributions     52 61  
Benefits paid - gross     (345) (377)  
Less: federal subsidy on benefits paid     11 14  
Curtailments, settlements and termination benefits     40 (4)  
Acquisitions, divestitures and other     0 0  
Benefit obligation, end of year $ 4,313 $ 4,938 $ 4,313 $ 4,938 $ 4,784
Weighted-average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:          
Discount rate (as a percent) 4.10% 3.90% 4.10% 3.90%  
Rate of compensation increase (as a percent) 4.00% 4.00% 4.00% 4.00%  
Effect of a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend          
Effect of a one-percentage-point increase in current year service and interest cost components of other postretirement benefit cost     $ 37    
Effect of a one-percentage-point decrease in current year service and interest cost components of other postretirement benefit cost     (6)    
Effect of a one-percentage-point increase on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation     244    
Effect of a one-percentage-point decrease on accumulated postretirement benefit obligation     $ (202)