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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Details 2) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Mar. 31, 2014
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Other income (expense) $ 157us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense $ 54us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense
Interest expense excluding Financial Products (129)cat_InterestExpenseExcludingFinancialProducts (110)cat_InterestExpenseExcludingFinancialProducts
Interest expense of Financial Products (150)cat_InterestExpenseOfFinancialProducts (160)cat_InterestExpenseOfFinancialProducts
Tax (provision) benefit (443)us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit (418)us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
Reclassifications net of tax 1,111us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic [1] 922us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic [1]
Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Reclassifications net of tax (122)us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic
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Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Pension and other postretirement benefits    
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Amortization of actuarial gain (loss) (165)us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossReclassificationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetGainLossBeforeTax
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Amortization of prior service credit (cost) 13us-gaap_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossAmortizationAdjustmentFromAOCIPensionAndOtherPostretirementBenefitPlansForNetPriorServiceCostCreditBeforeTax
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Reclassifications before tax (152)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest
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Tax (provision) benefit 52us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
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Reclassifications net of tax (100)us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic
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(80)us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic
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Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments    
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Reclassifications before tax (38)us-gaap_IncomeLossFromContinuingOperationsIncludingPortionAttributableToNoncontrollingInterest
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Tax (provision) benefit 14us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
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Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments | Foreign exchange contracts    
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Other income (expense) (35)us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense
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Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments | Interest rate contracts | Machinery, Energy & Transportation    
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Other income (expense) 0us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense
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Interest expense excluding Financial Products (2)cat_InterestExpenseExcludingFinancialProducts
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Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Derivative financial instruments | Interest rate contracts | Financial Products    
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Interest expense of Financial Products (1)cat_InterestExpenseOfFinancialProducts
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Reclassification out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | Available-for-sale securities    
Reclassification Adjustment out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income    
Other income (expense) 3us-gaap_OtherNonoperatingIncomeExpense
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Tax (provision) benefit (1)us-gaap_IncomeTaxExpenseBenefit
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Reclassifications net of tax $ 2us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic
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$ 10us-gaap_NetIncomeLossAvailableToCommonStockholdersBasic
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[1] 1 Profit attributable to common stockholders.